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.sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <p>This article concerns the period <b>329 BC – 320 BC</b>. </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East-Hem_323bc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/East-Hem_323bc.jpg/550px-East-Hem_323bc.jpg" decoding="async" width="550" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/East-Hem_323bc.jpg/825px-East-Hem_323bc.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/East-Hem_323bc.jpg/1100px-East-Hem_323bc.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="1903"></a><figcaption>Map of the Eastern Hemisphere in 323 BC, after the passing of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Events"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Events</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#329_BC"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">329 BC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_place"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">By place</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Macedonian_Empire"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Macedonian Empire</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#328_BC"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">328 BC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_place_2"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">By place</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Macedonian_Empire_2"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Macedonian Empire</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#327_BC"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">327 BC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_place_3"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">By place</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Macedonian_Empire_3"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Macedonian Empire</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Roman_Republic"><span class="tocnumber">1.3.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Roman Republic</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#326_BC"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">326 BC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_place_4"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">By place</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Macedonian_Empire_4"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Macedonian Empire</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Roman_Republic_2"><span class="tocnumber">1.4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Roman Republic</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#325_BC"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">325 BC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_place_5"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">By place</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Europe"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Europe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Macedonian_Empire_5"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Macedonian Empire</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Sicily"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sicily</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#China"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Americas"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Americas</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_topic"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">By topic</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Art"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Art</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Philosophy"><span class="tocnumber">1.5.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Philosophy</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#324_BC"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">324 BC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_place_6"><span class="tocnumber">1.6.1</span> <span class="toctext">By place</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Macedonian_Empire_6"><span class="tocnumber">1.6.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Macedonian Empire</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Greece"><span class="tocnumber">1.6.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Greece</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#323_BC"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">323 BC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_place_7"><span class="tocnumber">1.7.1</span> <span class="toctext">By place</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Macedonian_Empire_7"><span class="tocnumber">1.7.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Macedonian Empire</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Greece_2"><span class="tocnumber">1.7.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Greece</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#322_BC"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">322 BC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_place_8"><span class="tocnumber">1.8.1</span> <span class="toctext">By place</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Greece_3"><span class="tocnumber">1.8.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Greece</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Egypt"><span class="tocnumber">1.8.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Egypt</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#India"><span class="tocnumber">1.8.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">India</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#321_BC"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">321 BC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_place_9"><span class="tocnumber">1.9.1</span> <span class="toctext">By place</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Macedonian_Empire_8"><span class="tocnumber">1.9.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Macedonian Empire</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Roman_Republic_3"><span class="tocnumber">1.9.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Roman Republic</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#India_2"><span class="tocnumber">1.9.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">India</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#320_BC"><span class="tocnumber">1.10</span> <span class="toctext">320 BC</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_place_10"><span class="tocnumber">1.10.1</span> <span class="toctext">By place</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Macedonian_Empire_9"><span class="tocnumber">1.10.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Macedonian Empire</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#By_topic_2"><span class="tocnumber">1.10.2</span> <span class="toctext">By topic</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Biology"><span class="tocnumber">1.10.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Biology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4"><a href="#Demography"><span class="tocnumber">1.10.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Demography</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Births"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Births</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="#Deaths"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Deaths</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Events_by_year_for_decade_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: Events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="329_BC">329 BC</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/329_BC" title="329 BC">329 BC</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=329_BC&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=329_BC&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=329_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Macedonian_Empire"> Macedonian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=329_BC&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Macedonian Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>From <a href="/wiki/Farah,_Afghanistan" title="Farah, Afghanistan">Phrada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> presses on up the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Helmand_River" title="Helmand River">Helmand River</a>, through <a href="/wiki/Arachosia" title="Arachosia">Arachosia</a>, and over the mountains past the site of modern <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> into the country of the <a href="/wiki/Paropamisade" class="mw-redirect" title="Paropamisade">Paropamisade</a>, where he founds <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_by_the_Caucasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandria by the Caucasus">Alexandria by the Caucasus</a>.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bessus" title="Bessus">Bessus</a> raises a national revolt in the eastern satrapies using the title of King Artaxerxes V of <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persia</a>.</li> <li>Crossing the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a> northward, probably over the <a href="/wiki/Khawak_Pass" title="Khawak Pass">Khawak Pass</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexander brings his army, despite food shortages, to <a href="/wiki/Kunduz" title="Kunduz">Drapsaka</a>. Outflanked, Bessus flees beyond the <a href="/wiki/Amu_Darya" title="Amu Darya">Oxus river</a>.</li> <li>Marching west to <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Bactra (Zariaspa)</a>, Alexander appoints <a href="/wiki/Artabazus_of_Phrygia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artabazus of Phrygia">Artabazus of Phrygia</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a>.</li> <li>Crossing the Oxus, Alexander sends his general <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a> in pursuit of Bessus. In the meantime, Bessus is overthrown by the <a href="/wiki/Sogdia" title="Sogdia">Sogdian</a> <a href="/wiki/Spitamenes" title="Spitamenes">Spitamenes</a>. Bessus is captured, flogged, and sent to Ptolemy in Bactria with the hope of appeasing Alexander. In due course, Bessus is publicly executed at <a href="/wiki/Ecbatana" title="Ecbatana">Ecbatana</a>. With the death of Bessus (Artaxerxes V), Persian resistance to Alexander the Great ceases.</li> <li>From <a href="/wiki/Maracanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Maracanda">Maracanda</a>, Alexander advances through <a href="/wiki/Cyropolis" title="Cyropolis">Cyropolis</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Jaxartes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaxartes">Jaxartes</a> river, the boundary of the Persian Empire. There he breaks the opposition of the <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythian</a> nomads by his use of catapults and, after defeating them in a battle on the north bank of the river, pursues them into the interior. On the site of modern <a href="/wiki/Khujand" title="Khujand">Khujand</a> on the Jaxartes, he founds a city, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Eschate" title="Alexandria Eschate">Alexandria Eschate</a>, "the farthest."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="328_BC">328 BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Module:For_nowiki&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: 328 BC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/328_BC" title="328 BC">328 BC</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=328_BC&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=328_BC&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_2"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=328_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Macedonian_Empire_2"> Macedonian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=328_BC&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Macedonian Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>At <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Maracanda</a>, Alexander murders <a href="/wiki/Cleitus_the_Black" title="Cleitus the Black">Cleitus</a>, one of his most trusted commanders, friend and foster-brother, in a drunken quarrel; but his excessive display of remorse leads the army to pass a decree convicting Cleitus posthumously of treason.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitamenes" title="Spitamenes">Spitamenes</a> raises all <a href="/wiki/Sogdiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogdiana">Sogdiana</a> in revolt behind him, bringing in the <a href="/wiki/Massagetae" title="Massagetae">Massagetae</a>, a people of the <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythian</a> confederacy. He besieges the Macedonian garrison in <a href="/wiki/Maracanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Maracanda">Maracanda</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> sends an army under the command of <a href="/wiki/Pharnuches_of_Lycia" title="Pharnuches of Lycia">Pharnuches of Lycia</a> which is promptly annihilated with a loss of more than 2,000 infantry and 300 cavalry.</li> <li>Understanding now the danger represented by his enemy, Alexander moves personally to relieve Maracanda, only to learn that Spitamenes has left Sogdiana. Spitamenes then attacks <a href="/wiki/Balkh" title="Balkh">Bactra</a>, from where he is repulsed with great difficulty by the <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artabazus_of_Phrygia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artabazus of Phrygia">Artabazus of Phrygia</a>.</li> <li>Alexander attacks <a href="/wiki/Oxyartes" title="Oxyartes">Oxyartes</a> and the remaining Bactrian barons who are holding out in the hills of Paraetacene (modern <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>). The Macedonians seize the crag on which Oxyartes has his stronghold (the <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogdian Rock">Sogdian Rock</a>), and among the captives is his daughter, <a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a>. In the reconciliation that follows the battle, Alexander marries Roxana. The rest of Oxyartes' opponents are either won over or crushed.</li> <li>December – <a href="/wiki/Spitamenes" title="Spitamenes">Spitamenes</a> is badly defeated by Alexander's general <a href="/wiki/Coenus_(general)" title="Coenus (general)">Coenus</a>. At this point Spitamenes' allies, feeling the situation desperate, kill their leader and send his head as a gift to Alexander.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="327_BC">327 BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Module:For_nowiki&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: 327 BC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/327_BC" title="327 BC">327 BC</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=327_BC&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=327_BC&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_3"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=327_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Macedonian_Empire_3"> Macedonian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=327_BC&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Macedonian Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> invades northern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. Recrossing the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a>, Alexander divides his forces. Half the army with the baggage under <a href="/wiki/Hephaestion" title="Hephaestion">Hephaestion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perdiccas" title="Perdiccas">Perdiccas</a>, both cavalry commanders, are sent through the <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pass" title="Khyber Pass">Khyber Pass</a>, while Alexander leads the rest, together with his siege train, through the hills to the north. His advance through <a href="/wiki/Swat_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swat (Pakistan)">Swat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a> is marked by the storming of the almost impregnable pinnacle of <a href="/wiki/Aornos" title="Aornos">Aornos</a>, a few miles west of the <a href="/wiki/Indus" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus">Indus</a>.</li> <li>The relations between Alexander and <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> are embittered by the execution of Aristotle's nephew, the historian <a href="/wiki/Callisthenes" title="Callisthenes">Callisthenes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Olynthus" title="Olynthus">Olynthus</a>, who is charged with <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>. Callisthenes has been accompanying Alexander to write a chronicle of the campaign.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Roman_Republic"> Roman Republic</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=327_BC&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Roman Republic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnite army</a> <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Neapolis" title="Capture of Neapolis">captures Neapolis</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Romans</a>, who are meanwhile moving south while the Samnites are occupied with Tarentum, take the opportunity to recover Neapolis and, after a long siege, evict the Samnite garrison from the city and make it an ally of Rome.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="326_BC">326 BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Module:For_nowiki&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: 326 BC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/326_BC" title="326 BC">326 BC</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=326_BC&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=326_BC&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_4"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=326_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Macedonian_Empire_4"> Macedonian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=326_BC&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Macedonian Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Spring – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> crosses the <a href="/wiki/Indus" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus">Indus</a> near <a href="/wiki/Attock" title="Attock">Attock</a> and enters <a href="/wiki/Taxila_(ancient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxila (ancient)">ancient Taxila</a>, whose ruler, <a href="/wiki/Taxiles" title="Taxiles">Taxiles</a> (or Ambhi), furnishes 130 <a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">war elephants</a> and troops in return for aid against his rival <a href="/wiki/King_Porus" class="mw-redirect" title="King Porus">Porus</a>, who rules the lands between the <a href="/wiki/Hydaspes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydaspes">Hydaspes</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum River</a>) and the Acesines (modern <a href="/wiki/Chenab_River" title="Chenab River">Chenab River</a>).</li></ul> <ul><li>On the left bank of the Hydaspes, Alexander fights his last great battle, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hydaspes_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Hydaspes River">Battle of the Hydaspes River</a>. He and his general <a href="/wiki/Craterus" title="Craterus">Craterus</a> defeat the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> King Porus. Alexander founds two cities there, <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_on_the_Indus" title="Alexandria on the Indus">Alexandria on the Indus</a> or Alexandria Nicaea (to celebrate his victory) and <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Bucephalous" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandria Bucephalous">Alexandria Bucephalous</a> or Bucephala (named after his horse <a href="/wiki/Bucephalus" title="Bucephalus">Bucephalus</a>, which dies there); and Porus becomes his friend and ally.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_(son_of_Machatas)" title="Philip (son of Machatas)">Philip</a>, an officer in the service of Alexander the Great, is appointed satrap of India, including the provinces to the west of the Hydaspes, as far south as the junction of the Indus with the Acesines. Philip is put in charge by Alexander of building the city of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria_on_the_Indus" title="Alexandria on the Indus">Alexandria on the Indus</a>.</li> <li>Alexander continues on to conquer all the headwaters of the Indus River. East of Porus' kingdom, near the <a href="/wiki/Ganges_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges River">Ganges River</a>, Alexander faces the powerful empire of <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a> ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Nanda_dynasty" title="Nanda dynasty">Nanda dynasty</a>. Fearing the prospects of facing another powerful Indian army and exhausted by years of campaigning, his army mutinies at the <a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Hyphasis River</a> (the modern <a href="/wiki/Beas_River" title="Beas River">Beas River</a>) and refuses to march further east, thus making this river mark the easternmost extent of Alexander's conquests.</li> <li>Following the mutiny of his army at the Hyphasis River, Alexander is persuaded by his army leaders to abandon his plans for invading the <a href="/wiki/Ganges_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges River">Ganges Valley</a>. Alexander appoints <a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Cretan</a> with naval experience, as admiral and places under his command all in the ranks of his army with any knowledge of seafaring. Nearchus has Indian shipwrights build 800 vessels, some as large as 300 tons, to take the army through <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> waters to Babylon. Alexander the Great begins the return march down the Indus to the sea.</li> <li>After the departure of Alexander from India, <a href="/wiki/Philip_(son_of_Machatas)" title="Philip (son of Machatas)">Philip</a> is assassinated by some of the mercenary troops under his command. Alexander names <a href="/wiki/Eudamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eudamus">Eudamus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taxilas" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxilas">Taxilas</a> as replacement rulers of Philip's territories.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Roman_Republic_2"> Roman Republic</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=326_BC&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Roman Republic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Following their defeat by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman</a> forces in <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a> declare war on Rome starting the <a href="/wiki/Second_Samnite_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Samnite War">Second Samnite War</a>. To help defeat the Samnites, the Romans make alliances with the peoples of Central <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> to the north of <a href="/wiki/Samnium" title="Samnium">Samnium</a> and with the <a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulians</a> to the southeast.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="325_BC">325 BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Module:For_nowiki&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: 325 BC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/325_BC" title="325 BC">325 BC</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_5"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Europe"> Europe</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Europe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><i>(around this year)</i> - <a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a> made a voyage of naval exploration to northwestern Europe, reaching <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, and mentioning <a href="/wiki/Thule" title="Thule">Thule</a> as the farthest island to the north in the Atlantic.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Macedonian_Empire_5"> Macedonian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Macedonian Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> leaves <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and nominates his officer <a href="/wiki/Peithon,_son_of_Agenor" class="mw-redirect" title="Peithon, son of Agenor">Peithon, son of Agenor</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a> of the region around the <a href="/wiki/Indus" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus">Indus</a>.</li> <li>Alexander the Great orders his admiral, <a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a>, to sail from the <a href="/wiki/Hydaspes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydaspes">Hydaspes</a> River in western India to the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> and up the <a href="/wiki/Euphrates_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates River">Euphrates River</a> to <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> while Alexander's army starts marching through <a href="/wiki/Gedrosia" title="Gedrosia">Gedrosia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Balochistan_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan (Pakistan)">Baluchistan</a>).</li> <li>While returning to Persia, Alexander's army runs into the <a href="/wiki/Multan_District" title="Multan District">Malli</a> clans (in modern day <a href="/wiki/Multan" title="Multan">Multan</a>). The ensuing battle severely weakens his army. Alexander sends much of his remaining army to <a href="/wiki/Carmania_(satrapy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmania (satrapy)">Carmania</a> (modern southern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>) with his general <a href="/wiki/Craterus" title="Craterus">Craterus</a>, while he leads the rest of his forces back to <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> by the southern route through the Gedrosian Desert (now part of southern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>).</li> <li>By the end of the year, Alexander's army reaches <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a>, while his navy, under Nearchus, reaches <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a> at around the same time.</li> <li>The first known reference to <a href="/wiki/Sugar_cane" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar cane">sugar cane</a> appears in writings by Alexander the Great's admiral Nearchus, who writes of Indian reeds "that produce honey, although there are no bees".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Sicily"> Sicily</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Sicily" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathocles" title="Agathocles">Agathocles</a>, a rich and ambitious citizen of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a>, is exiled for attempting to overthrow the <a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">oligarchic</a> party in the city.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="China"> China</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: China" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Going against his loyalty to the figurehead monarch of the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin</a> ruler, Duke Huiwen, takes on the title of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_sovereign" title="Chinese sovereign">King Huiwen</a>, claiming royal title and sparking a trend amongst other <a href="/wiki/Warring_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Warring States">Warring States</a> rulers to do the same.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Wuling_of_Zhao" title="King Wuling of Zhao">King Wuling</a> ascends to the throne of <a href="/wiki/Zhao_(state)" title="Zhao (state)">Zhao</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Americas"> Americas</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=edit&section=T-6" title="Edit section: Americas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>La Venta, an Olmec island city, is believed to be completely abandoned by this time.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=edit&section=T-7" title="Edit section: By topic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Art"> Art</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=edit&section=T-8" title="Edit section: Art" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>The fourth-century (Late Classical) period of <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> ends in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a> and is succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> period (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Philosophy"> Philosophy</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=325_BC&action=edit&section=T-9" title="Edit section: Philosophy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> writes <i><a href="/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics" title="Nicomachean Ethics">Ta Ethika</a></i> on virtue and moral character (approximate date).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="324_BC">324 BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Module:For_nowiki&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: 324 BC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/324_BC" title="324 BC">324 BC</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=324_BC&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=324_BC&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_6"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=324_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Macedonian_Empire_6"> Macedonian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=324_BC&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Macedonian Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>On returning to <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> punishes those who he considers to have failed in their duties in his absence in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, particularly those who have plundered tombs and temples. Alexander continues his policy of replacing senior officials and executing defaulting governors. Over a third of his <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satraps</a> are replaced and six are put to death. Three generals in <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Media</a>, including Cleander, the brother of <a href="/wiki/Coenus_(general)" title="Coenus (general)">Coenus</a> (who died in <a href="/wiki/326_BC" title="326 BC">326 BC</a>), are accused of extortion and are arrested, tried and executed.</li> <li>While at Susa, Alexander holds a feast to celebrate his capture of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian Empire</a>.</li> <li>To further his policy of integrating the <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonians</a> and Persians, Alexander and 80 of his officers take Persian wives. He and <a href="/wiki/Hephaestion" title="Hephaestion">Hephaestion</a> marry <a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a>'s daughters <a href="/wiki/Barsine" title="Barsine">Barsine</a> (also called <a href="/wiki/Stateira_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Stateira II">Stateira</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Drypteis" class="mw-redirect" title="Drypteis">Drypteis</a>, respectively, and 10,000 of his soldiers with native wives are given generous <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowries</a>. His determination to incorporate Persians on equal terms into his army and into the administration of the provinces is bitterly resented by the Macedonians.</li> <li>Alexander the Great spends the summer and autumn at the Median capital, <a href="/wiki/Ecbatana" title="Ecbatana">Ecbatana</a>, where his best friend, <a href="/wiki/Hephaistion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hephaistion">Hephaistion</a>, dies during the autumn. Alexander indulges in extravagant mourning for his closest friend.</li> <li>Winter – Alexander carries out a savage <a href="/wiki/Punitive_expedition" title="Punitive expedition">punitive expedition</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Cossaeans</a> in the hills of <a href="/wiki/Luristan" class="mw-redirect" title="Luristan">Luristan</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Greece"> Greece</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=324_BC&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Greece" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s treasurer, <a href="/wiki/Harpalus" title="Harpalus">Harpalus</a>, fearing arrest, flees from <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>. On arriving in Athens, he is imprisoned by the Athenians after a proposal of <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phocion" title="Phocion">Phocion</a>, despite <a href="/wiki/Hypereides" title="Hypereides">Hypereides</a>' opposition, who wanted an immediate uprising against Alexander. Harpalus brings with him considerable wealth collected from the spoils of Alexander's conquest of Asia. This money is entrusted to a committee led by <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinarchus" title="Dinarchus">Dinarchus</a>, a professional speech writer in Athens, comes to prominence in the scandal that follows the flight to Athens of Alexander the Great's treasurer, Harpalus. When Harpalus escapes and flees to <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, Dinarchus writes the prosecution speeches against Demosthenes, <a href="/wiki/Demades" title="Demades">Demades</a>, Aristogiton, Philocles and other well-known politicians accused of misappropriating some of this money.</li> <li>Demosthenes is convicted and imprisoned after being found guilty of misappropriating some of the funds that Alexander's treasurer, Harpalus, has brought with him. He escapes into exile, although his sentence is soon repealed. Although <a href="/wiki/Hypereides" title="Hypereides">Hypereides</a> has supported Demosthenes in his struggle against the Macedonians, that support is withdrawn after the Harpalus affair. After Demosthenes' exile, Hypereides becomes the head of the patriotic party in Athens.</li> <li>Greek colonists found the city of <a href="/wiki/Alicante_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alicante (province)">Akra Leuka</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Alicante_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alicante (province)">Alicante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>) on the Mediterranean coast of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="323_BC">323 BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Module:For_nowiki&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: 323 BC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/323_BC" title="323 BC">323 BC</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=323_BC&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=323_BC&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_7"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=323_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Macedonian_Empire_7"> Macedonian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=323_BC&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Macedonian Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Alexander orders demolition of the <a href="/wiki/Ziggurat" title="Ziggurat">ziggurat</a> at <a href="/wiki/Etemenanki" title="Etemenanki">Etemenanki</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_June" class="mw-redirect" title="10 June">10 June</a>/<a href="/wiki/11_June" class="mw-redirect" title="11 June">11 June</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Death of Alexander the Great">dies</a>, ten days after being taken ill after a prolonged banquet and drinking bout. <a href="/wiki/Diogenes" title="Diogenes">Diogenes</a>, the philosopher he met years before, when he was just about to set out on his conquests, allegedly dies on the exact same day.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Babylon" title="Partition of Babylon">Partition of Babylon</a> sets out the division of the territories conquered by Alexander the Great between his generals. The partition is a result of a compromise, essentially brokered by <a href="/wiki/Eumenes" title="Eumenes">Eumenes</a>, following a conflict of opinion between the party of <a href="/wiki/Meleager_(general)" title="Meleager (general)">Meleager</a>, who wishes to give full power to <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III</a> (the illegitimate son of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a> by Philinna of <a href="/wiki/Larissa" title="Larissa">Larissa</a>), and the party of <a href="/wiki/Perdiccas" title="Perdiccas">Perdiccas</a>, who wishes to wait for the birth of the heir of Alexander and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a> (the future <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a>) to give him the throne under the control of a regent.</li> <li>Under the agreement, Philip III becomes king, but Perdiccas, as the regent, effectively becomes the ruler of Alexander's empire. Perdiccas manages the partition of the territories between the former generals and saintly with Alexander's chief lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Craterus" title="Craterus">Craterus</a>); <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laomedon_of_Mytilene" title="Laomedon of Mytilene">Laomedon</a> governing <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotas" title="Philotas">Philotas</a> looking after <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peithon" title="Peithon">Peithon</a> taking <a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Media</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus</a> gaining the governorship of <a href="/wiki/Pamphylia" title="Pamphylia">Pamphylia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonnatus" title="Leonnatus">Leonnatus</a> with <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus_(general)" title="Neoptolemus (general)">Neoptolemus</a> with <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a> as governor of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumenes" title="Eumenes">Eumenes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardia">Cardia</a> as governor of <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a>; and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a> becomes governor of <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>Perdiccas exercises a wide authority in Asia as "supreme general". Perdiccas largely leaves Alexander's arrangements intact: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxiles" title="Taxiles">Taxiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Porus" class="mw-redirect" title="King Porus">Porus</a> are to rule over their kingdoms in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>;</li> <li>Alexander's father-in-law <a href="/wiki/Oxyartes" title="Oxyartes">Oxyartes</a> rules <a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibyrtius" title="Sibyrtius">Sibyrtius</a> governs <a href="/wiki/Arachosia" title="Arachosia">Arachosia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gedrosia" title="Gedrosia">Gedrosia</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stasanor" title="Stasanor">Stasanor</a> rules in <a href="/wiki/Aria_(satrapy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aria (satrapy)">Aria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drangiana" title="Drangiana">Drangiana</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_(satrap)" title="Philip (satrap)">Philip</a> controls <a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sogdiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogdiana">Sogdiana</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrataphernes" title="Phrataphernes">Phrataphernes</a> rules <a href="/wiki/Parthia" title="Parthia">Parthia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyrcania" title="Hyrcania">Hyrcania</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peucestas" title="Peucestas">Peucestas</a> governs <a href="/wiki/Persis" title="Persis">Persis</a>;</li> <li>Tlepolemus is left in charge of <a href="/wiki/Carmania_(satrapy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmania (satrapy)">Carmania</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atropates" title="Atropates">Atropates</a> governs northern Media;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archon_of_Pella" title="Archon of Pella">Archon of Pella</a> controls <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a>; and</li> <li>Arcesilas rules northern <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>.</li></ul></li> <li>Meleager and about 300 of his partisans are killed by forces loyal to Perdiccas. The first wife of Alexander, Roxana, arranges for Alexander's second wife, <a href="/wiki/Stateira_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Stateira II">Stateira II</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barsine" title="Barsine">Barsine</a>), to be killed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Greece_2"> Greece</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=323_BC&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Greece" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Some Greek cities, including <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, revolt against the Macedonian regent, <a href="/wiki/Antipater" title="Antipater">Antipater</a>, following the news of Alexander's death. Athens' actions are incited by the speeches of the Athenian general <a href="/wiki/Leosthenes" title="Leosthenes">Leosthenes</a> and the Athenian orator <a href="/wiki/Hypereides" title="Hypereides">Hypereides</a>. Joined by cities in central and south <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, the Athenians defeat Antipater in battle. They force him to take refuge in <a href="/wiki/Lamia_(city)" title="Lamia (city)">Lamia</a>, where he is besieged for several months by the Greek allies.</li> <li>The Greek philosopher and scientist, <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, faces a strong anti-Macedonian reaction in Athens following the death of Alexander the Great. Aristotle is accused of impiety by the Athenians. However, he escapes to <a href="/wiki/Chalcis" title="Chalcis">Chalcis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Euboea" title="Euboea">Euboea</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophrastus" title="Theophrastus">Theophrastus</a>, who has been studying in Athens under Aristotle, becomes the head of the <a href="/wiki/Lyceum" title="Lyceum">Lyceum</a>, the academy in Athens founded by Aristotle, when Aristotle is forced to leave Athens.</li> <li>Following Alexander the Great's death, the Athenians recall <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a> from exile and provide the money to pay his fine.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="322_BC">322 BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Module:For_nowiki&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: 322 BC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/322_BC" title="322 BC">322 BC</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=322_BC&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=322_BC&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_8"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=322_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Greece_3"> Greece</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=322_BC&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Greece" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Spring/summer – The <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonian</a> admiral <a href="/wiki/Cleitus_the_White" title="Cleitus the White">Cleitus the White</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athenian</a> navy at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Echinades_(322_BC)" title="Battle of the Echinades (322 BC)">Battle of the Echinades</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amorgos" title="Battle of Amorgos">Battle of Amorgos</a>, ending Athenian <a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">thalassocracy</a> in the Aegean.</li> <li>The Athenians and their allies' siege of the Macedonian ruler, <a href="/wiki/Antipater" title="Antipater">Antipater</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lamia_(city)" title="Lamia (city)">Lamia</a> is relieved by <a href="/wiki/Leonnatus" title="Leonnatus">Leonnatus</a> with an army of 20,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry. Leonnatus is killed in the action.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Craterus" title="Craterus">Craterus</a> arrives to defeat the Athenians in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crannon" title="Battle of Crannon">Battle of Crannon</a>. This battle marks a complete victory for Antipater in the <a href="/wiki/Lamian_War" title="Lamian War">Lamian War</a>.</li> <li>The Athenian orator and diplomat, <a href="/wiki/Demades" title="Demades">Demades</a>, regains his citizenship so that he and <a href="/wiki/Phocion" title="Phocion">Phocion</a> can negotiate a peace with Antipater, thus concluding the <a href="/wiki/Lamian_War" title="Lamian War">Lamian War</a>. Before setting out he persuades the citizens of Athens to pass the death sentence upon <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a> and his followers (including <a href="/wiki/Hypereides" title="Hypereides">Hypereides</a>, leader of the Athenian patriotic party). Demades' embassy results in a peace disadvantageous to the Athenians, with the Athenians forced to accept the occupation of Athens' port, <a href="/wiki/Piraeus" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a>, by the Macedonians.</li> <li>Demosthenes flees from the Macedonians who demand his surrender. Upon being arrested, he takes poison and dies.</li> <li>Hypereides flees to <a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a> only to be captured by the Macedonians at the temple of Poseidon and put to death.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Corinth" title="League of Corinth">League of Corinth</a> is dissolved.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Egypt"> Egypt</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=322_BC&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Egypt" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>By custom, kings in <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonia</a> assert their right to the throne by burying their predecessor. To pre-empt <a href="/wiki/Perdiccas" title="Perdiccas">Perdiccas</a>, the imperial regent, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a> has <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s body brought to <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis, Egypt</a> and buried there in a gold <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus" title="Sarcophagus">sarcophagus</a>. Ptolemy then marries Alexander's mistress, <a href="/wiki/Tha%C3%AFs" title="Thaïs">Thaïs</a> and commences to reign as king of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a> and the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libyan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabia">Arabian</a> regions.</li> <li>Ptolemy, taking advantage of internal disturbances, acquires the African Hellenic towns of <a href="/wiki/Cyrenaica" title="Cyrenaica">Cyrenaica</a> without the authority of Perdiccas.</li> <li>Ptolemy executes his deputy, <a href="/wiki/Cleomenes_of_Naucratis" title="Cleomenes of Naucratis">Cleomenes of Naucratis</a>, on the suspicion that Cleomenes favours Perdiccas. This action removes the chief check on his authority, and allows Ptolemy to obtain the sizable funds that Cleomenes has accumulated.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="India"> India</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=322_BC&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: India" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a> captures Magadha: Chandragupta, with the help of <a href="/wiki/Chanakya" title="Chanakya">Chanakya</a> (Kautilya), who is also known as the Indian Machiavelli, destroys the Nanda rulers of <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a> and establishes the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a>. It is said that Chanakya met Chandragupta in the Vindhya forest, after being insulted by the Nanda king.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="321_BC">321 BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Module:For_nowiki&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: 321 BC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/321_BC" title="321 BC">321 BC</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=321_BC&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=321_BC&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_9"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=321_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Macedonian_Empire_8"> Macedonian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=321_BC&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Macedonian Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antipater" title="Antipater">Antipater</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus</a> commander in chief of his army in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> and sends him with <a href="/wiki/Craterus" title="Craterus">Craterus</a> to fight against <a href="/wiki/Eumenes" title="Eumenes">Eumenes</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a> and a supporter of <a href="/wiki/Perdiccas" title="Perdiccas">Perdiccas</a>.</li> <li>Leaving <a href="/wiki/Eumenes" title="Eumenes">Eumenes</a> to hold <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> against <a href="/wiki/Craterus" title="Craterus">Craterus</a> and Antigonus, Perdiccas marches against <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a>, but when he fails to cross the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> he is murdered by mutinous officers. Prominent among the mutineers is <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus</a>. A truce is arranged, leaving Ptolemy in power in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a> and Seleucus in power in <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>.</li> <li>The key remaining generals (<a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">diadochi</a>) of the late <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> agree to the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Triparadisus" title="Partition of Triparadisus">Partition of Triparadisus</a> (a town in northern <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>). This is a power-sharing agreement providing for a new regent to replace Perdiccas and it repartitions the satrapies of the empire that has been created by Alexander the Great. It follows but modifies the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Babylon" title="Partition of Babylon">Partition of Babylon</a> made two years earlier following the death of Alexander the Great. Under the agreement, Antipater becomes the regent of the Macedonian Empire on behalf of the two kings: the intellectually retarded <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_Arrhidaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip III Arrhidaeus">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a> and the infant <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV of Macedon</a> while Ptolemy is confirmed in possession of Egypt and <a href="/wiki/Cyrene,_Libya" title="Cyrene, Libya">Cyrene</a>.</li> <li>Ptolemy further strengthens his position amongst the diadochi by marrying <a href="/wiki/Eurydice_of_Egypt" title="Eurydice of Egypt">Eurydice</a>, the third daughter of Antipater.</li> <li>Antigonus and Craterus defeat Eumenes in battle but Eumenes escapes. Antigonus and Craterus then besiege him unsuccessfully in the mountain fortress of Nora on the border between <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lycaonia" title="Lycaonia">Lycaonia</a>. Craterus is killed during the fighting against Eumenes when his charging horse (Diodorus) falls over him.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Roman_Republic_3"> Roman Republic</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=321_BC&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: Roman Republic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Continuing successes by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Rome's</a> armies against the <a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a> forces the Samnites to sue for peace. However, the terms offered by Rome are so stringent that they are rejected by the Samnites and the war goes on.</li> <li>Two Roman <a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">consuls</a>, Spurius Postumius Albinus and Titus Veturius Calvinus, leading an invading force into <a href="/wiki/Samnium" title="Samnium">Samnium</a>, are trapped in a mountain pass known as the <a href="/wiki/Caudine_Forks" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudine Forks">Caudine Forks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Montesarchio" title="Montesarchio">Caudium</a>) near <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Beneventum</a>, where they can neither advance nor retire, and after a desperate struggle, they are forced to submit to the humiliating terms imposed by the Samnite victor, Gaius Pontius. The captured consuls pledge themselves to a five-year treaty on terms most favourable for the Samnites.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="India_2"> India</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=321_BC&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: India" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandragupta_Maurya" title="Chandragupta Maurya">Chandragupta Maurya</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan empire">Mauryan empire</a>, establishes himself as the king of <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="320_BC">320 BC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Module:For_nowiki&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: 320 BC" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/320_BC" title="320 BC">320 BC</a>. <span class="plainlinks" style="font-style: normal; font-size:85%;">(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=320_BC&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=320_BC&action=history">history</a>)</span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_place_10"> By place</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=320_BC&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: By place" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Macedonian_Empire_9"> Macedonian Empire</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=320_BC&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: Macedonian Empire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s various generals control different parts of Alexander's empire. <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a> controls Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus</a> controls <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antipater" title="Antipater">Antipater</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a> control <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus</a> controls <a href="/wiki/Phrygia" title="Phrygia">Phrygia</a> and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a> controls <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pergamum" class="mw-redirect" title="Pergamum">Pergamum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eumenes" title="Eumenes">Eumenes</a> controls the <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a> areas.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> are annexed by Ptolemy and he gives Judea a large measure of self-government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudemus_(general)" title="Eudemus (general)">Eudemus</a> makes himself master of the territories of the Indian king <a href="/wiki/King_Porus" class="mw-redirect" title="King Porus">Porus</a>, and treacherously puts that monarch to death.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_topic_2"> By topic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=320_BC&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: By topic" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Biology"> Biology</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=320_BC&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: Biology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophrastus" title="Theophrastus">Theophrastus</a> begins the systematic study of <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Demography"> Demography</h6><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=320_BC&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Demography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> in <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a> becomes the largest city of the world, taking over the lead from <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/329_BC" title="329 BC">329 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/328_BC" title="328 BC">328 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/327_BC" title="327 BC">327 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/326_BC" title="326 BC">326 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/325_BC" title="325 BC">325 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/324_BC" title="324 BC">324 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/323_BC" title="323 BC">323 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/322_BC" title="322 BC">322 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/321_BC" title="321 BC">321 BC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/320_BC" title="320 BC">320 BC</a></div> <p><b>327 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heracles_(Macedon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heracles (Macedon)">Heracles</a>, illegitimate son of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> by his mistress <a href="/wiki/Barsine" title="Barsine">Barsine</a>, daughter of Satrap <a href="/wiki/Artabazus_of_Phrygia" class="mw-redirect" title="Artabazus of Phrygia">Artabazus of Phrygia</a> and later claimant to the throne of <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/309_BC" title="309 BC">309 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moggaliputta-Tissa" title="Moggaliputta-Tissa">Moggaliputta-Tissa</a>, Indian <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> monk, scholar and philosopher (approximate date)</li></ul> <p><b>326 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharnavaz_I_of_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharnavaz I of Iberia">Pharnavaz I of Iberia</a>, later King of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iberia_(antiquity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Iberia (antiquity)">Iberia</a></li></ul> <p><b>325 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euclid" title="Euclid">Euclid</a>, Greek <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> who will come to live in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> (d. c. <a href="/wiki/275_BC" title="275 BC">275 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongsun_Long" title="Gongsun Long">Gongsun Long</a>, Chinese scholar and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_philosophy" title="Chinese philosophy">philosopher</a> (approximate date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Zhaoxiang_of_Qin" title="King Zhaoxiang of Qin">Zhaoxiang of Qin</a>, Chinese king of the <a href="/wiki/Qin_(state)" title="Qin (state)">Qin State</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/250_BC" title="250 BC">250 BC</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>324 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_I_Soter" title="Antiochus I Soter">Antiochus I Soter</a>, King of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">Seleucid dynasty</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/261_BC" title="261 BC">261 BC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>323 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV of Macedon</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/309_BC" title="309 BC">309 BC</a>).</li></ul> <p><b>320 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timocharis_of_Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Timocharis of Alexandria">Timocharis of Alexandria</a>, Greek astronomer responsible for the first recorded observation of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Star_catalogue" title="Star catalogue">star catalogue</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/260_BC" title="260 BC">260 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindusara" title="Bindusara">Bindusara</a>, the heir to the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Mauryan_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryan Empire">Mauryan Empire</a>, is born. (d. <a href="/wiki/272_BC" title="272 BC">272 BC</a>)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/329_BC" title="329 BC">329 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/328_BC" title="328 BC">328 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/327_BC" title="327 BC">327 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/326_BC" title="326 BC">326 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/325_BC" title="325 BC">325 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/324_BC" title="324 BC">324 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/323_BC" title="323 BC">323 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/322_BC" title="322 BC">322 BC</a>, <a href="/wiki/321_BC" title="321 BC">321 BC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/320_BC" title="320 BC">320 BC</a></div> <p><b>329 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bessus" title="Bessus">Bessus</a> (Artaxerxes V), Persian nobleman and satrap of Bactria, and later the last claimant to the Achaemenid throne of Persia</li></ul> <p><b>328 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cleitus_the_Black" title="Cleitus the Black">Cleitus</a>, lieutenant and friend of Alexander the Great (b. c. <a href="/wiki/375_BC" title="375 BC">375 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitamenes" title="Spitamenes">Spitamenes</a>, Persian nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/370_BC" title="370 BC">370 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artabazos_II" title="Artabazos II">Artabazos II</a>, Persian general and satrap (<a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">fl.</a> <a href="/wiki/389_BC" title="389 BC">389 BC</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>327 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Callisthenes" title="Callisthenes">Callisthenes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Olynthus" title="Olynthus">Olynthus</a>, Greek historian, great nephew and pupil of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> (b. c. <a href="/wiki/360_BC" title="360 BC">360 BC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>326 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coenus_(general)" title="Coenus (general)">Coenus</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Polemocrates_of_Elimeia" title="Polemocrates of Elimeia">Polemocrates</a> and son-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Parmenion" title="Parmenion">Parmenion</a> and one of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s generals in his Persian and Indian expeditions</li></ul> <p><b>324 BC</b> </p> <ul><li>October – <a href="/wiki/Hephaestion" title="Hephaestion">Hephaestion</a>, son of Amyntor, a Macedonian general, soldier, aristocrat, and possibly lover of Alexander the Great (b. c. <a href="/wiki/356_BC" title="356 BC">356 BC</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>323 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonia</a> and conqueror of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian Empire</a> died in <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/356_BC" title="356 BC">356 BC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_of_Sinope" class="mw-redirect" title="Diogenes of Sinope">Diogenes of Sinope</a>, Greek <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a> (b. c. <a href="/wiki/412_BC" title="412 BC">412 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meleager_(general)" title="Meleager (general)">Meleager</a>, Macedonian general who has served with <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li></ul> <p><b>322 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes" title="Demosthenes">Demosthenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> statesman, recognized as the greatest of ancient Greek orators (b. <a href="/wiki/384_BC" title="384 BC">384 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariarathes_I_of_Cappadocia" title="Ariarathes I of Cappadocia">Ariarathes I of Cappadocia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a> satrap, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> <a href="/wiki/Ariarathid_dynasty" title="Ariarathid dynasty">Ariarathid dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenic civilization">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a> and scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/384_BC" title="384 BC">384 BC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleomenes_of_Naucratis" title="Cleomenes of Naucratis">Cleomenes of Naucratis</a>, Greek deputy to the <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonian</a> ruler of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypereides" title="Hypereides">Hypereides</a>, Athenian orator (b. <a href="/wiki/390_BC" title="390 BC">390 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonnatus" title="Leonnatus">Leonnatus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonian</a> officer under <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> and one of the <a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">diadochi</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/356_BC" title="356 BC">356 BC</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>321 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Craterus" title="Craterus">Craterus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonian</a> general (b. c. <a href="/wiki/370_BC" title="370 BC">370 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdiccas" title="Perdiccas">Perdiccas</a>, Macedonian general and regent after the death of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> (b. c. <a href="/wiki/365_BC" title="365 BC">365 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Xian_Wang" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhou Xian Wang">Zhou Xian Wang</a>, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China</li></ul> <p><b>320 BC</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anaximenes_of_Lampsacus" title="Anaximenes of Lampsacus">Anaximenes of Lampsacus</a>, Greek rhetorician and historian (b. c. <a href="/wiki/380_BC" title="380 BC">380 BC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menaechmus" title="Menaechmus">Menaechmus</a>, Greek <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a> and geometer</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoilus" title="Zoilus">Zoilus</a>, Greek grammarian, <a href="/wiki/Cynicism_(philosophy)" title="Cynicism (philosophy)">cynic</a> philosopher and literary critic from <a href="/wiki/Amphipolis" title="Amphipolis">Amphipolis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a> (b. c. <a href="/wiki/400_BC" title="400 BC">400 BC</a>)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=320s_BC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Vincent A. (1908) <i>The Early History of India</i>, p. 45. Oxford. The Clarendon Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPomeroy1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_B._Pomeroy" title="Sarah B. Pomeroy">Pomeroy, Sarah B.</a>; et al. (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientgreecepol00sara/page/434"><i>Ancient Greece: a political, social, and cultural history</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientgreecepol00sara/page/434">434</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-509742-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-509742-4"><bdi>0-19-509742-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Greece%3A+a+political%2C+social%2C+and+cultural+history&rft.pages=434&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-19-509742-4&rft.aulast=Pomeroy&rft.aufirst=Sarah+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancientgreecepol00sara%2Fpage%2F434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A320s+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/mauryan-empire/#:~:text=The%20Mauryan%20Empire%20was%20the,was%20founded%20around%20321%20B.C.E.">"Mauryan Empire"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm">the original</a> on August 18, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geography+at+about.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fweekly%2Faa011201a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A320s+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antiochus-I-Soter">"Antiochus I Soter"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. February 13, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Antiochus+I+Soter&rft.series=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2024-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAntiochus-I-Soter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A320s+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Callisthenes-of-Olynthus">"Callisthenes of Olynthus | Greek historian"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hephaestion&rft.series=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Wasson&rft.aufirst=Donald+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FHephaestion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A320s+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalkbank2024" class="citation web cs1">Walkbank, Frank W. (February 21, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-the-Great">"Alexander the Great"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aristotle&rft.series=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2024-01-05&rft.aulast=Amadio&rft.aufirst=Anselm+H.&rft.au=Kenney%2C+Anthony+J.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAristotle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A320s+BC" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=320s_BC&oldid=1029172687">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=320s_BC&oldid=1029172687</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=320s_BC&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="70.77.224.98" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1624010889"> <span>Last edited on 18 June 2021, at 10:08</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_320_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="عقد 320 ق م – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 320 ق م" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_320_e.C." title="Década del 320 e.C. – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 320 e.C." data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD.%D1%8D." title="320-я да н.э. – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="320-я да н.э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-e_p._n._e." title="320-e p. n. e. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="320-e p. n. e." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_320_aC" title="Dècada del 320 aC – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 320 aC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/320%27erne_f.Kr." title="320'erne f.Kr. – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="320'erne f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/320er_v._Chr." title="320er v. Chr. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="320er v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/320._aastad_eKr" title="320. aastad eKr – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="320. aastad eKr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_320_a._C." title="Años 320 a. C. – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 320 a. C." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.a._320ko_hamarkada" title="K.a. 320ko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="K.a. 320ko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B3%DB%B2%DB%B0_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="دهه ۳۲۰ (پیش از میلاد) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۳۲۰ (پیش از میلاد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-%C3%A1rini_f.Kr." title="320-árini f.Kr. – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="320-árini f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_320_av._J.-C." title="Années 320 av. J.-C. – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 320 av. J.-C." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/320id%C3%AD_RC" title="320idí RC – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="320idí RC" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_-320" title="Década de -320 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de -320" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-an_SM" title="320-an SM – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="320-an SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_320_a.C." title="Anni 320 a.C. – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 320 a.C." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-329_%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%94%22%D7%A1" title="320-329 לפנה"ס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="320-329 לפנה"ס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_320_KK" title="Miaka ya 320 KK – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 320 KK" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_320_a.C." title="Anni 320 a.C. – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 320 a.C." data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._e._320-as_%C3%A9vek" title="I. e. 320-as évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. e. 320-as évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BF.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="320-ти п.н.е. – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="320-ти п.н.е." data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._320-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჯვ. წ. 320-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვ. წ. 320-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_320_%D9%82.%D9%85" title="عقد 320 ق.م – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 320 ق.م" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-an_SM" title="320-an SM – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="320-an SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D320%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="紀元前320年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紀元前320年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil._av._320-lar" title="Mil. av. 320-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mil. av. 320-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_320_a.C." title="Década de 320 a.C. – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 320 a.C." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_320_%C3%AE.Hr." title="Anii 320 î.Hr. – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 320 î.Hr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/320_watakuna_k%C3%B1" title="320 watakuna kñ – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="320 watakuna kñ" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="320-е годы до н. э. – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="320-е годы до н. э." data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/20._roky_4._storo%C4%8Dia_pred_Kr." title="20. roky 4. storočia pred Kr. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="20. roky 4. storočia pred Kr." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/320._pr._n._%C5%A1t." title="320. pr. n. št. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="320. pr. n. št." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-%D0%B5_%D0%BF._%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="320-е п. н. е. – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="320-е п. н. е." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-e_pne." title="320-e pne. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="320-e pne." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-an_SM" title="320-an SM – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="320-an SM" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-luku_eaa." title="320-luku eaa. – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="320-luku eaa." data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-talet_f.Kr." title="320-talet f.Kr. – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="320-talet f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%B1._%D1%8D._%D0%BA.)" title="320-еллар (б. э. к.) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="320-еллар (б. э. к.)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/320-%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="320-ті до н. е. – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="320-ті до н. е." data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_320_TCN" title="Thập niên 320 TCN – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 320 TCN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/320_nga_dekada_UC" title="320 nga dekada UC – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="320 nga dekada UC" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D320%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="前320年代 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="前320年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D320%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="前320年代 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="前320年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 June 2021, at 10:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a 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