CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bullying - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"1110b715-6eea-4116-8841-f5f26a5f3d3e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Bullying","wgTitle":"Bullying","wgCurRevisionId":1256544527,"wgRevisionId":1256544527,"wgArticleId":432459,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Articles with excerpts","All accuracy disputes","Articles with disputed statements from May 2023","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Articles containing Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text","All articles with incomplete citations", "Articles with incomplete citations from August 2015","Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from May 2014","All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Harassment and bullying","Abuse","Aggression","Injustice","Interpersonal conflict","Persecution","Psychological abuse"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Bullying","wgRelevantArticleId":432459,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q240126","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user": "ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions", "wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG/1200px-Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG/800px-Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG/640px-Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Bullying - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Bullying rootpage-Bullying skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bullying" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bullying" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Bullying" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Bullying" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individual" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individual"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Individual</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individual-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Physical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verbal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verbal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Verbal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verbal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relational" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relational"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Relational</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relational-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Cyber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collective" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collective"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Collective</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collective-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mobbing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobbing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Mobbing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobbing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bullies_and_accomplices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bullies_and_accomplices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bullies and accomplices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bullies_and_accomplices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bystanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bystanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Bystanders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bystanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Victims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Effects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Effects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suicide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suicide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Suicide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suicide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strength_and_wisdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strength_and_wisdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Strength and wisdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strength_and_wisdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Testosterone_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Testosterone_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Testosterone production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Testosterone_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dark_triad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dark_triad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dark triad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dark_triad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Projection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Projection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Projection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emotional_intelligence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emotional_intelligence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Emotional intelligence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emotional_intelligence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Context" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Context"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Context</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Context-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Context subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Context-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Disability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homosexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homosexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Homosexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homosexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Law</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parenting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parenting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Parenting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parenting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>Prison</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-School" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#School"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>School</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-School-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gendered" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gendered"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.9</span> <span>Gendered</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gendered-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transsexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transsexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.10</span> <span>Transsexuality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transsexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11</span> <span>Work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11.1</span> <span>Academia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blue-collar_jobs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blue-collar_jobs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11.2</span> <span>Blue-collar jobs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blue-collar_jobs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Information_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Information_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11.3</span> <span>Information technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Information_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Courts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11.4</span> <span>Courts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11.5</span> <span>Medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.11.6</span> <span>Teaching</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Machines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.12</span> <span>Machines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prevention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prevention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Prevention</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prevention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Responses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bullying</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeliery" title="Boeliery – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boeliery" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B1" title="تنمر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Բռնացում – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բռնացում" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acosu_psicol%C3%B3xicu" title="Acosu psicolóxicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Acosu psicolóxicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorbal%C4%B1q" title="Zorbalıq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zorbalıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="পরপীড়ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরপীড়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0-l%C3%AAng" title="Pà-lêng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pà-lêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Буллинг – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Буллинг" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Цкаванне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цкаванне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Цкаваньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цкаваньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Тормоз – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тормоз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltretiranje" title="Maltretiranje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Maltretiranje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assetjament" title="Assetjament – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Assetjament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ikana" title="Šikana – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šikana" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwlio" title="Bwlio – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bwlio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schikane" title="Schikane – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schikane" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiusamine" title="Kiusamine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiusamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BA%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Εκφοβισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εκφοβισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoso_psicol%C3%B3gico" title="Acoso psicológico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acoso psicológico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ikanado" title="Ĉikanado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉikanado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazarpen" title="Jazarpen – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jazarpen" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="قلدری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قلدری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brimade" title="Brimade – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brimade" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bula%C3%ADocht" title="Bulaíocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bulaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bullying" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%91%EB%8B%A8_%EB%94%B0%EB%8F%8C%EB%A6%BC" title="집단 따돌림 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="집단 따돌림" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3" title="Բուլինգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուլինգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="दादागिरी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दादागिरी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imegbu" title="Imegbu – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Imegbu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perundungan" title="Perundungan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perundungan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullismo" title="Bullismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bullismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullismo" title="Bullismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bullismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="בריונות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בריונות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Кодулоо – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кодулоо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paty%C4%8Dios" title="Patyčios – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Patyčios" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megf%C3%A9leml%C3%ADt%C3%A9s" title="Megfélemlítés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Megfélemlítés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Малтретирање – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Малтретирање" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD" title="വഴക്കുണ്ടാക്കൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വഴക്കുണ്ടാക്കൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="აცირგება – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აცირგება" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%AC%D9%87" title="بلطجه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلطجه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buli" title="Buli – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Buli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Дарамтлахуй – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дарамтлахуй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesten_(gedrag)" title="Pesten (gedrag) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pesten (gedrag)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%84%E3%81%98%E3%82%81" title="いじめ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="いじめ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulling" title="Bulling – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bulling" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਧੌਂਸਬਾਜ਼ੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧੌਂਸਬਾਜ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schikane" title="Schikane – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Schikane" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zn%C4%99canie_si%C4%99" title="Znęcanie się – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Znęcanie się" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bullying" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bullying" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Травля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Травля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullizmi" title="Bullizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bullizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bullying" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ikanovanie" title="Šikanovanie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šikanovanie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="مووبەکردن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مووبەکردن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasilni%C4%8Dko_pona%C5%A1anje" title="Nasilničko ponašanje – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nasilničko ponašanje" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiusaaminen" title="Kiusaaminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiusaaminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paghahari-harian" title="Paghahari-harian – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paghahari-harian" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81" title="การข่มเหงรังแก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การข่มเหงรังแก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorbal%C4%B1k" title="Zorbalık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zorbalık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Цькування – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цькування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFt_n%E1%BA%A1t" title="Bắt nạt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bắt nạt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BA%E5%BE%85" title="欺待 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="欺待" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BA%E5%87%8C" title="欺凌 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="欺凌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E5%87%8C" title="霸凌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="霸凌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pel%C3%A9c%C3%A9an" title="Pelécéan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Pelécéan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q240126#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Bullying" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bullying"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullying&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullying&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bullying"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullying&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullying&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Bullying" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Bullying" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullying&oldid=1256544527" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullying&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Bullying&id=1256544527&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBullying"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBullying"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bullying&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullying&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bullying" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bullying" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q240126" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Use of force or coercion to abuse or intimidate others</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bully" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bully_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bully (disambiguation)">Bully (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">national</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li>Bullying</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_opposition" title="LGBTQ rights opposition">LGBTQ rights opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG/220px-Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG/330px-Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG/440px-Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of a student being bullied by three other students. A bystander is seen in the background, paying no attention.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_of_children_who_report_being_bullied,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Share_of_children_who_report_being_bullied%2C_OWID.svg/290px-Share_of_children_who_report_being_bullied%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Share_of_children_who_report_being_bullied%2C_OWID.svg/435px-Share_of_children_who_report_being_bullied%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Share_of_children_who_report_being_bullied%2C_OWID.svg/580px-Share_of_children_who_report_being_bullied%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Share of children who report being bullied (2015)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bullying</b> is the use of force, <a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">coercion</a>, hurtful <a href="/wiki/Teasing" title="Teasing">teasing</a>, comments, or threats, in order to <a href="/wiki/Abuse" title="Abuse">abuse</a>, aggressively <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/domination" class="extiw" title="wikt:domination">dominate</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Intimidate" class="mw-redirect" title="Intimidate">intimidate</a> one or more others. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception (by the bully or by others) that an imbalance of physical or <a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">social</a> power exists or is currently present. This perceived presence of physical or social imbalance is what distinguishes the behavior from being interpreted or perceived as <i>bullying</i> from instead being interpreted or perceived as <i>conflict</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-School_bullying_is_not_a_conflict_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-School_bullying_is_not_a_conflict-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullying is a subcategory of aggressive behavior characterized by hostile intent, the goal (whether consciously or subconsciously) of addressing or attempting to "fix" the imbalance of power, as well as repetition over a period of time.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bullying can be performed individually or by a group, typically referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">mobbing</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-DavenportSchwartz1999_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavenportSchwartz1999-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in which the bully may have one or more followers who are willing to assist the primary bully or who reinforce the bully's behavior by providing positive feedback such as laughing.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullying in school and in the workplace is also referred to as <i>"peer abuse"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bennett2006_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bennett2006-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Fuller" title="Robert W. Fuller">Robert W. Fuller</a> has analyzed bullying in the context of <a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">rankism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Swedish-Norwegian researcher <a href="/wiki/Dan_Olweus" title="Dan Olweus">Dan Olweus</a> stated that bullying occurs when a person is "exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons",<sup id="cite_ref-History_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that negative actions occur "when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways".<sup id="cite_ref-History_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individual bullying is usually characterized by a person using coercive, intimidating, or hurtful words or comments, exerting threatening or intimidating behavior, or using harmful physical force in order to gain <a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">power</a> over another person.<sup id="cite_ref-Besag1989_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Besag1989-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A bullying culture can develop in any context in which humans regularly interact with one another. This may include settings such as within a <a href="/wiki/School_bullying" title="School bullying">school</a>, family, or the <a href="/wiki/Workplace_bullying" title="Workplace bullying">workplace</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SilentEpidemic_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SilentEpidemic-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the home, and within neighborhoods. When bullying occurs in college and university settings, the practice is known as <a href="/wiki/Ragging" title="Ragging">ragging</a> in certain countries, especially those of the Indian subcontinent.<sup id="cite_ref-Castleberry2022_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Castleberry2022-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main platform for bullying in contemporary culture involves the use of social media websites.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (May 2023)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Bullying#Predominantly_a_phenomenon_of_'social_media'?" title="Talk:Bullying">discuss</a></i>]</sup> In a 2012 study of male adolescent American football players, "the strongest predictor [of bullying] was the perception of whether the most influential male in a player's life would approve of the bullying behavior."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a></i> Child & Adolescent Health medical journal in 2019 showed a relationship between social media use by girls and an increase in their exposure to bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bullying may be defined in many different ways. In the United Kingdom, there is no legal definition of the term <i>"bullying"</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while some states in the United States currently have laws specifically against it.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullying is divided into four basic types of abuse: <a href="/wiki/Psychological_abuse" title="Psychological abuse">psychological</a> (sometimes referred to as <i>"emotional"</i> or <i>"relational"</i>), <a href="/wiki/Verbal_abuse" title="Verbal abuse">verbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">physical</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">cyber</a> (or <i>"electronic"</i>), though an encounter can fall into more than one of these categories.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Behaviors used to assert such domination may include physical <a href="/wiki/Assault" title="Assault">assault</a> or coercion, verbal <a href="/wiki/Harassment" title="Harassment">harassment</a>, or the use of <a href="/wiki/Threat" title="Threat">threats</a>, and such acts may be directed repeatedly toward particular targets. <a href="/wiki/Rationalization_(making_excuses)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rationalization (making excuses)">Rationalizations</a> of such behavior sometimes include differences of social class, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, appearance, behavior, body language, personality, reputation, lineage, strength, size, or ability.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word "bully" was first used in the 1530s, meaning "sweetheart", applied to either sex, from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">boel</i>, "lover, brother", probably diminutive of <a href="/wiki/Middle_High_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle High German language">Middle High German</a>: <i lang="gmh">buole</i>, "brother", of uncertain origin (compare with the German word <i>buhle</i> "lover"). The meaning deteriorated through the 17th century through "fine fellow", "blusterer", to "harasser of the weak". This may have been as a connecting sense between "lover" and "ruffian" as in "protector of a <a href="/wiki/Prostitute" class="mw-redirect" title="Prostitute">prostitute</a>", which was one sense of "bully" (though not specifically attested until 1706). The verb "to bully" was first attested in 1710.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the past, in the American culture, the term has been used as an exclamation and exhortation. The term has been especially known famously in association with <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1907, Roosevelt <a href="/wiki/Protologism" title="Protologism">coined the phrase</a> as a deprecating term, "bully for him".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, in the present day, the <a href="/wiki/Bully_pulpit" title="Bully pulpit">bully pulpit</a> refers to the use of a high position to influence the general public's thoughts and to initiate changes.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>"bully"</i> has been significantly modified through the years, and through language translations, it has shifted from terms of endearment to a form of sarcastic jesting, and then to one or more actions made against others, as well as behavior or activity to be fearful of. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div> <p>Bullying has been classified by the body of literature into different types. These can be in the form of nonverbal, verbal, or physical behavior. Another classification is based on the perpetrators or the participants involved, so that the types include individual and collective bullying. Other interpretation also cite emotional and relational bullying in addition to physical harm inflicted towards another person or even property.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This is present in extreme forms of bullying, such as hate crimes. A hate crime is when a perpetrator harms a victim because they perceive them to be a member of an outgroup that they are biased against.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Perpetrators often harm victims that are perceived as belonging to a group based on their race, ethnicity, skin color, religion, nationality, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, and or disability.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both bullying and hate crimes involve the devaluing and disrespecting of another person for what is deemed or determined by the perpetrator to be justified reasons. Yet, not all bullying is considered to be a hate crime. Bullies often select their victims because of specific characteristics that the bully views as nonconforming to their specific requirements or sense of belonging.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that individuals in minority groups are more likely to be targeted. However, bullies usually choose victims that are more available and or vulnerable. This is a more broad approach or motivation than with the engagement of hate crimes. </p><p>There are also cases being researched now and in the more recent years regarding the phenomenon called <i>"cyberbullying"</i>, which takes place in the virtual or electronic world, typically over the internet.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physical, verbal, and relational bullying are most prevalent in primary school and could also begin much earlier while continuing into later stages of individual's lives. The cases of cyberbullying usually start in early adolescence, when the possession, ownership, or occurrence of cellular or mobile devices are more common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individual">Individual</h3></div> <p>Individual bullying tactics are perpetrated by a single person against one or more victims.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individual bullying can be classified into four types.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Physical">Physical</h4></div> <p>Physical bullying is any bullying that physically harms someone's body or damages their possessions. Stealing, shoving, hitting, fighting, pantsing. and intentionally destroying someone's property are examples of physical bullying. Physical bullying is rarely the first form of bullying that a victim will experience. Often, bullying will begin in a different form and later progress to physical violence. In physical bullying, the main weapon the bully uses is their body, or some part thereof; or an object as a weapon when attacking their victim. Sometimes groups of young adults will target and alienate a peer because of some adolescent prejudice. This can quickly lead to a situation where they are being taunted, tortured, and "beaten up" by their classmates. Physical bullying will often escalate over time, and can lead to a detrimental or fatal ending, and therefore many try to stop it quickly when such cases are reported or observed in order to prevent any further escalation.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verbal">Verbal</h4></div> <p>Verbal bullying is one of the most common types of bullying. This is any bullying that is conducted by speaking, other use of the voice, or some form of body language, and does not involve any form of physical contact. Bullying usually begins at this stage and includes any of the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">Derogatory</a> name-calling and <a href="/wiki/Nickname" title="Nickname">nicknaming</a></li> <li>Spreading rumors or lying about someone</li> <li>Making threats or engaging in threatening behavior toward someone</li> <li>Yelling at or talking to someone in a rude or unkind tone of voice, especially without justifiable cause</li> <li>Mocking someone's voice or style of speaking</li> <li>Laughing at someone</li> <li>Use of <a href="/wiki/Body_language" title="Body language">body language</a> (i.e., the <a href="/wiki/The_finger" title="The finger">middle finger</a>) to torment someone</li> <li>Making insults or otherwise making fun of someone</li></ul> <p>In verbal bullying, the main weapon the bully uses is their voice. In many cases, verbal bullying is common in both genders. However, girls are more likely to perform this type of bullying compared to boys. Girls, in general, are also more subtle with insults than boys. Girls use verbal bullying, as well as social exclusion techniques, to dominate and control other individuals and show their superiority and power, often to try to impress someone they idolize. Many boys are subtle enough to use verbal techniques for dominance, and often exhibit this type of bullying when they want to avoid the trouble or possible consequences that can come with physically bullying someone else.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relational">Relational</h4></div> <p>Relational bullying (sometimes referred to as social aggression) is the type of bullying that uses relationships to hurt others.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term also denotes any bullying that is done with the intent to hurt somebody's reputation or social standing which can also link in with the techniques included in physical and verbal bullying. Relational bullying is a form of bullying common among youth, but more particularly upon girls. Social exclusion (slighting or making someone feel "left out") is one of the most common types of relational bullying. Relational bullying can be used as a tool by bullies to both improve their social standing and in order to control others. Unlike physical bullying, which is obvious, relational bullying is not overt and can continue for a long time without being noticed.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cyber">Cyber</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">Cyberbullying</a></div> <p>Cyberbullying involves the use of technology (typically the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>) in order to harass, threaten, embarrass, or target another person. When an adult is involved, it may meet the definition of <b>cyber-harassment</b> or <a href="/wiki/Cyberstalking" title="Cyberstalking">cyberstalking</a>, a crime that can have legal consequences and possibly involve penalties such as jail time when cases are reported and the perpetrators are legally prosecuted.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes bullying by use of email, instant messaging, social media websites (such as <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>), text messages, and phone calls from cell phones or mobile devices. It is stated that Cyberbullying is more common in secondary school than in primary school.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The internet provides people with limited accountability and often with no filter.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullying can feel easier and less restrictive through the use of the internet. This phenomenon is described and detailed in a principle (or effect), called <i>"the <a href="/wiki/Online_disinhibition_effect" title="Online disinhibition effect">online disinhibition effect</a>"</i>. The use of technology for purposes of bullying can be detrimental to someone's online reputation. The information published online will often remain there indefinitely, unless it is taken down or removed by the person who published it, or by <a href="/wiki/Internet_forum#Moderators" title="Internet forum">moderators</a> of the website or platform, or (if allowed) by other users. Future employers and other people with access to the internet will be able to see others' digital footprint and how individuals behaved or treated other people - especially if concerted efforts are allocated in order to search for and find any posts, webpages, or content that may negatively impact the target person's evaluation or eligibility for a position. Another problem with cyberbullying is the possibility that other people are able to get involved. Technology, especially the use of social media, allows others to repost or share published content, whether it is positive or negative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collective">Collective</h3></div> <p>Collective bullying tactics are employed by more than one individual against one or more victims. Collective bullying is known as <i>"mobbing"</i>, and can include any of the individual types of bullying. <a href="/wiki/Internet_troll" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet troll">Trolling behavior</a> on social media, although generally assumed to be individual in nature by casual readers, is sometimes a result of organized efforts made by sponsored <a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">astroturfers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mobbing">Mobbing</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a></div> <p>Mobbing refers to the bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a <a href="/wiki/Family" title="Family">family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peer_group" title="Peer group">peer group</a>, <a href="/wiki/School" title="School">school</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workplace" title="Workplace">workplace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neighborhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Neighborhood">neighborhood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">community</a>, or online. When it occurs as <a href="/wiki/Emotional_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional abuse">emotional abuse</a> in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">subordinates</a> or <a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">superiors</a>, to force someone out of the workplace through <a href="/wiki/Rumor" title="Rumor">rumor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Innuendo" title="Innuendo">innuendo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intimidation" title="Intimidation">intimidation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humiliation" title="Humiliation">humiliation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discrediting" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrediting">discrediting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isolation_to_facilitate_abuse" title="Isolation to facilitate abuse">isolation</a>, it is also referred to as malicious, nonsexual, nonracial/racial, general <a href="/wiki/Harassment" title="Harassment">harassment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bullies_and_accomplices">Bullies and accomplices</h3></div> <p>Studies have shown that <a href="/wiki/Envy" title="Envy">envy</a> and resentment may be motives for bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-Einarsen2003_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Einarsen2003-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research on the self-esteem of bullies has produced equivocal results.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bkn_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bkn-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some bullies are arrogant and narcissistic,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they can also use bullying as a tool to conceal shame or anxiety or to boost self-esteem: by demeaning others, the abuser feels empowered.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullies may bully out of jealousy or because they themselves are bullied.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psychologist <a href="/wiki/Roy_Baumeister" title="Roy Baumeister">Roy Baumeister</a> asserts that people who are prone to abusive behavior tend to have inflated but fragile egos. Because they think too highly of themselves, they are frequently offended by the criticisms and lack of deference of other people, and react to this disrespect with violence and insults.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (August 2015)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Researchers have identified other risk factors such as depression<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Personality_disorders" class="mw-redirect" title="Personality disorders">personality disorders</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as quickness to anger and use of force, addiction to aggressive behaviors, mistaking others' actions as hostile, concern with preserving <a href="/wiki/Self-image" title="Self-image">self-image</a>, and engaging in obsessive or rigid actions.<sup id="cite_ref-vari2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vari2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A combination of these factors may also be causes of this behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one study of youth, a combination of antisocial traits and depression was found to be the best predictor of youth violence, whereas video game violence and <a href="/wiki/Research_on_the_effects_of_violence_in_mass_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Research on the effects of violence in mass media">television violence</a> exposure were not predictive of these behaviors.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferguson,_2011_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferguson,_2011-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bullying may also result from a genetic predisposition or a brain abnormality in the bully.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While parents can help a toddler develop emotional regulation and control to restrict aggressive behavior, some children fail to develop these skills due to insecure attachment with their families, ineffective discipline, and environmental factors such as a stressful home life and hostile siblings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, according to some researchers, bullies may be inclined toward negativity and perform poorly academically. Dr. Cook says, "A typical bully has trouble resolving problems with others and also has trouble academically. He or she usually has negative attitudes and beliefs about others, feels negatively toward himself/herself, comes from a family environment characterized by conflict and poor parenting, perceives school as negative and is negatively influenced by peers."<sup id="cite_ref-APS2010_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS2010-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contrarily, some researchers have suggested that some bullies are psychologically strongest and have high social standing among their peers, while their targets are emotionally distressed and socially marginalized.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peer groups often promote the bully's actions, and members of these peer groups also engage in behaviors, such as mocking, excluding, punching, and insulting one another as a source of entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other researchers also argued that a minority of the bullies, those who are not in-turn bullied, enjoy going to school, and are least likely to take days off sick.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Research indicates that adults who bully have authoritarian personalities, combined with a strong need to control or dominate.<sup id="cite_ref-Brodsky1976_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brodsky1976-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been suggested that a prejudicial view of subordinates can be a particularly strong risk factor.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a recent study, bullies showed lower school performance-related self-esteem than non-involved students. They also showed higher social self-esteem than victims of traditional bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Brain studies have shown that the section of the brain associated with reward becomes active when bullies are shown a video of someone inflicting pain on another.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bystanders">Bystanders</h3></div> <p>Often, bullying takes place in the presence of a large group of relatively uninvolved bystanders. In many cases, it is the bully's ability to create the illusion they have the support of the majority present that instills the fear of "speaking out" in protestation of the bullying activities being observed by the group. Unless the "bully mentality" is effectively challenged in any given group in its early stages, it often becomes an accepted, or supported, <a href="/wiki/Norm_(social)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norm (social)">norm</a> within the group.<sup id="cite_ref-bystander_attitudes_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bystander_attitudes-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unless action is taken, a "<a href="/wiki/Bullying_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullying culture">culture of bullying</a>" is often perpetuated within a group for months, years, or longer.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bystanders who have been able to establish their own "friendship group" or "support group" have been found to be far more likely to opt to speak out against bullying behavior than those who have not.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to communication of clear expectations that bystanders should intervene and increasing individual <a href="/wiki/Self-efficacy" title="Self-efficacy">self-efficacy</a>, there is growing research to suggest interventions should build on the foundation that bullying is morally wrong.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among adults, being a bystander to workplace bullying was linked to depression.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Bystander effect can be detrimental to the person being bullied.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People are less likely to stand up for someone or something when others are around. In the case of cyberbullying, people that see bullying happen on social media are less likely to say something back, whether online or in person. People can have good intentions and want to help, but with no action, nothing will be accomplished. "The act of others stepping in is what will stop bullying".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To stop the Bystander effect, people should be confident and stand up for what they believe in. Do not worry what people think of you, rather think of what the benefits can be for the person being bullied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victims">Victims</h3></div> <p>Dr. Cook says, "A typical victim is likely to be aggressive, lack social skills, think negative thoughts, experience difficulties in solving social problems, come from a negative family, school and community environments and be noticeably rejected and isolated by peers."<sup id="cite_ref-APS2010_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS2010-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victims often have characteristics such as being physically and mentally weak, as well as being easily distraught emotionally. They may also have physical characteristics that make them easier targets for bullies such as being overweight or having some type of physical deformity. Boys are more likely to be victims of physical bullying while girls are more likely to be bullied indirectly.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Low levels of self-esteem has been identified as a frequent antecedent of bullying victimization. Victims of traditional bullying tend to have lower global, social, body-related, and emotional self-esteem compared to uninvolved students.<sup id="cite_ref-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Victims of cyberbullying, on the other hand, may not have lower self-esteem scores than uninvolved students but might have higher body-related self-esteem than both victims of traditional bullying and bullies.<sup id="cite_ref-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has also been shown that victims are more likely to employ self-defeating or self-deprecating humor intended to entertain others at the expense of themselves and their own feelings.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The results of a <a href="/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis">meta-analysis</a> conducted by Cook and published by the <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> in 2010 concluded the main risk factors for children and adolescents being bullied, and also for becoming bullies, are the lack of <a href="/wiki/Social_problem-solving" title="Social problem-solving">social problem-solving</a> skills.<sup id="cite_ref-APS2010_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS2010-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Children who are bullied often show physical or emotional signs, such as: being afraid to attend school, complaining of headaches or a loss of appetite, a lack of interest in school activities, or in spending time with friends or family, reluctance to go out in public for fear they may encounter their bullies in public places other than school, and having an overall sense of sadness. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Undue_weight_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies</b>. Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STRUCTURE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:STRUCTURE">create a more balanced presentation</a>. Discuss and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">resolve</a> this issue before removing this message. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Mona O'Moore of the Anti-Bullying Centre at Trinity College in Dublin, has written, "There is a growing body of research which indicates that individuals, whether child or adult, who are persistently subjected to abusive behavior are at risk of stress related illness which can sometimes lead to <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who have been the targets of bullying can develop long-term emotional and behavioral problems. Bullying can cause <a href="/wiki/Loneliness" title="Loneliness">loneliness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">depression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anxiety" title="Anxiety">anxiety</a>, lead to low <a href="/wiki/Self-esteem" title="Self-esteem">self-esteem</a> and increased susceptibility to illness.<sup id="cite_ref-WilliamsForgas2013_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WilliamsForgas2013-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullying has also been shown to cause maladjustment in young children, and targets of bullying who were also bullies themselves exhibit even greater social difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mental health report also found that bullying was linked to eating disorders, anxiety, body dysmorphia and other negative psychological effects.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both victims and perpetrators have been shown to exhibit higher levels of loneliness.<sup id="cite_ref-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o_56-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suicide">Suicide</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bullying_and_suicide" title="Bullying and suicide">Bullying and suicide</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_suicides_that_have_been_attributed_to_bullying" class="mw-redirect" title="List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying">List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying</a></div> <p>Even though there is evidence that bullying increases the risk of suicide, bullying alone does not cause suicide. <a href="/wiki/Depression_(mood)" title="Depression (mood)">Depression</a> is one of the main reasons why kids who are bullied die by suicide.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that between 15 and 25 children die by suicide every year in the UK alone because they are being bullied.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Certain groups seem to incur a higher risk for suicide, such as <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaskan Native">Alaskan Natives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian Americans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> people. When someone feels unsupported by family or friends, it can make the situation much worse for the victim.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a self-report study completed in New York by 9th through 12th graders, victims of bullying reported more depressive symptoms and psychological distress than those who did not experience bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All types of involvement in bullying among both boys and girls is associated with depression even a couple years later.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another study that followed up with Finnish teens two years after the initial survey showed that depression and suicidal ideation is higher with teens who are bullied than those who did not report experiencing bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Dutch longitudinal study on elementary students reported that boys who are bully-victims, who play both roles of a victim and a bully, were more likely to experience depression or serious suicidal ideation than the other roles, victims or bullies only, while girls who have any involvement in bullying have a higher level of risk for depression.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a study of high school students completed in Boston, students who self reported being victims of bullying were more likely to consider suicide when compared to youth who did not report being bullied.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same study also showed a higher risk of suicidal consideration in youth who report being a perpetrator, victim, or victim-perpetrator. Victims and victim-bullies are associated with a higher risk of suicide attempts. The place where youth live also appears to differentiate their bullying experiences such that those living in more urban areas who reported both being bullied and bullying others appear to show higher risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A national survey given to American 6th through 10th grade students found that cyberbullying victims experience a higher level of depression than victims experiencing other forms of bullying. This can be related to the anonymity behind social media.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a teen is being bullied and is displaying symptoms of depression it should be questioned and interventions should be implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Danish study showed that kids who are bullied talked to their parents and teachers about it and some reported a decrease in bullying or a stop in the bullying after a teacher or parent intervened. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing program-collaborations in schools to have programs and anti-bullying interventions in place to prevent and properly intervene when it occurs.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The study also shows the importance of having parents and teachers talk to the bullies about their bullying behavior in order to provide the necessary support for those experiencing bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While some people find it very easy to ignore a bully, others may find it very difficult and reach a breaking point. There have been cases of apparent bullying suicides that have been reported closely by the media. These include the deaths of <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Ryan_Halligan" title="Suicide of Ryan Halligan">Ryan Halligan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Phoebe_Prince" title="Suicide of Phoebe Prince">Phoebe Prince</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Dawn-Marie_Wesley" title="Suicide of Dawn-Marie Wesley">Dawn-Marie Wesley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Nicola_Ann_Raphael" title="Suicide of Nicola Ann Raphael">Nicola Ann Raphael</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Megan_Meier" title="Suicide of Megan Meier">Megan Meier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Audrie_Pott" title="Suicide of Audrie Pott">Audrie Pott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Tyler_Clementi" title="Suicide of Tyler Clementi">Tyler Clementi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Jamey_Rodemeyer" title="Suicide of Jamey Rodemeyer">Jamey Rodemeyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Kenneth_Weishuhn" title="Suicide of Kenneth Weishuhn">Kenneth Weishuhn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Jadin_Bell" title="Suicide of Jadin Bell">Jadin Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Kelly_Yeomans" title="Suicide of Kelly Yeomans">Kelly Yeomans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Rehtaeh_Parsons" title="Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons">Rehtaeh Parsons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Amanda_Todd" title="Suicide of Amanda Todd">Amanda Todd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brodie%27s_Law_(act)" title="Brodie's Law (act)">Brodie Panlock</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fine_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fine-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jessica Haffer,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Hamed_Nastoh" title="Suicide of Hamed Nastoh">Hamed Nastoh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Sladjana_Vidovic" title="Suicide of Sladjana Vidovic">Sladjana Vidovic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> April Himes,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cherice Moralez<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Rebecca_Ann_Sedwick" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide of Rebecca Ann Sedwick">Rebecca Ann Sedwick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the suicide awareness voices for education, suicide is one of the leading causes of death for youth from 15 to 24 years old. Over 16 percent of students seriously consider suicide, 13 percent create a plan, and 8 percent have made a serious attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strength_and_wisdom">Strength and wisdom</h3></div> <p>Some have argued that bullying can teach life lessons and instill strength. Helene Guldberg, a child development academic, sparked controversy when she argued that being a target of bullying can teach a child "how to manage disputes and boost their ability to interact with others", and that teachers should not intervene but leave children to respond to the bullying themselves. Others, however, have pointed out that this is only true for normal peer conflicts but not for bullying cases.<sup id="cite_ref-School_bullying_is_not_a_conflict_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-School_bullying_is_not_a_conflict-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The teaching of anti-bullying coping skills to children, carers and teachers has been found to be an effective long-term means of reducing bullying incidence rates and a valuable skill-set for individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Testosterone_production">Testosterone production</h3></div> <p>Statistically controlling for age and pubertal status, results indicated that on average verbally bullied girls produced less testosterone, and verbally bullied boys produced more testosterone than their nonbullied counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dark_triad">Dark triad</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dark_triad" title="Dark triad">Dark triad</a></div> <p>Research on the dark triad (<a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">narcissism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_(psychology)" title="Machiavellianism (psychology)">Machiavellianism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">psychopathy</a>) indicate a correlation with bullying as part of evidence of the aversive nature of those traits.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Studies have shown that bullying behavior is positively correlated with Dark Triad traits. Out of the three traits of the Dark Triad, psychopathy is most strongly correlated to bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is posited that this is because aggression related to psychopathy is more likely to be unprovoked than Machiavellianism and narcissism.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This holds true in traditional bullying as well as with cyberbullying.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psychopathy has the strongest correlations, followed by Machiavellianism, and narcissism. Although the lower of the three, narcissism is still correlated, being more prevalent in types of indirect bullying than physical bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projection">Projection</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">Psychological projection</a></div> <p>A bully may project their own feelings of vulnerability onto the target(s) of the bullying activity. Despite the fact that a bully's typically denigrating activities are aimed at the bully's targets, the true source of such negativity is ultimately almost always found in the bully's own sense of personal insecurity and/or vulnerability.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such aggressive projections of displaced <a href="/wiki/Negative_emotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative emotion">negative emotions</a> can occur anywhere from the micro-level of interpersonal relationships, all the way up through to the macro-level of international politics, or even international armed conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-micro_and_macro_projection_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-micro_and_macro_projection-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emotional_intelligence">Emotional intelligence</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bullying_and_emotional_intelligence" title="Bullying and emotional intelligence">Bullying and emotional intelligence</a></div> <p>Bullying is abusive social interaction between peers which can include aggression, harassment, and violence. Bullying is typically repetitive and enacted by those who are in a position of <a href="/wiki/Abusive_power_and_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Abusive power and control">power</a> over the victim. A growing body of research illustrates a significant relationship between bullying and <a href="/wiki/Emotional_intelligence" title="Emotional intelligence">emotional intelligence</a> (EI). <a href="/wiki/John_D._Mayer" title="John D. Mayer">Mayer</a> et al., (2008) defines the dimensions of overall EI as "accurately perceiving emotion, using emotions to facilitate thought, understanding emotion, and managing emotion".<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concept combines emotional and intellectual processes.<sup id="cite_ref-Tolegenova_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tolegenova-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lower emotional intelligence appears to be related to involvement in bullying, as the bully and/or the victim of bullying. EI seems to play an important role in both bullying behavior and <a href="/wiki/Victimization" class="mw-redirect" title="Victimization">victimization</a> in bullying; given that EI is illustrated to be malleable, EI education could greatly improve bullying prevention and intervention initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">Cyberbullying</a></div> <p>Cyberbullying is any bullying done through the use of technology. This form of bullying can easily go undetected because of lack of authoritative (including parental) supervision.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because bullies can pose as someone else, it is the most anonymous form of bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cyberbullying includes abuse using email, instant messaging, text messaging, websites, and social networking sites.<sup id="cite_ref-BoltonGraeve2005_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoltonGraeve2005-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Particular watchdog organizations have been designed to contain the spread of cyberbullying.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disability">Disability</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Disability_bullying" class="mw-redirect" title="Disability bullying">Disability bullying</a></div> <p>Disabled people are disproportionately affected by bullying and abuse, and such activity has been cited as a <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Quarmby2011_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quarmby2011-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bullying is not limited to those who are visibly disabled, such as wheelchair users or physically deformed such as those with a cleft lip, but also those with developmental disabilities such as <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sainsbury2009_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sainsbury2009-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Attwood2006_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Attwood2006-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Developmental_coordination_disorder" title="Developmental coordination disorder">developmental coordination disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kirby2002_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kirby2002-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brookes2005_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookes2005-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is an additional problem that those with learning disabilities are often not as able to explain things to other people, so are more likely to be disbelieved or ignored if they do complain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homosexuality">Homosexuality</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_bullying" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT bullying">LGBT bullying</a></div> <p>Gay bullying and <a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">gay bashing</a> designate direct or indirect <a href="/wiki/Verbal_abuse" title="Verbal abuse">verbal</a> or <a href="/wiki/Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">physical</a> actions by a person or group against someone who is gay or lesbian, or perceived to be so due to rumors or because they are considered to fit gay stereotypes. Gay and lesbian youth are more likely than straight youth to report bullying, as well as be bullied.<sup id="cite_ref-Berlan_et_al.,_2010_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berlan_et_al.,_2010-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legal_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal abuse">Legal abuse</a></div> <p>Legal bullying is the bringing of a <a href="/wiki/Vexatious_litigation" title="Vexatious litigation">vexatious legal action</a> to control and punish a person. Legal bullying can often take the form of frivolous, repetitive, or burdensome lawsuits brought to intimidate the defendant into submitting to the litigant's request, not because of the legal merit of the litigant's position, but principally due to the defendant's inability to maintain the legal battle. This can also take the form of <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Lawsuit_Against_Public_Participation" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation">Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation</a> (SLAPP). It was partially concern about the potential for this kind of abuse that helped to fuel the <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_SOPA_and_PIPA" title="Protests against SOPA and PIPA">protests against SOPA and PIPA</a> in the United States in 2011 and 2012.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_the_military" title="Bullying in the military">Bullying in the military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dedovshchina" title="Dedovshchina">Dedovshchina</a></div> <p>In 2000, the UK <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> (MOD) defined bullying as "the use of physical strength or the <a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Abuse of authority">abuse of authority</a> to intimidate or victimize others, or to give unlawful punishments".<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some argue that this behaviour should be allowed, due to ways in which "soldiering" is different from other occupations. Soldiers expected to risk their lives should, according to them, develop strength of body and spirit to accept bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-CallaghanKernic2003_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CallaghanKernic2003-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parenting">Parenting</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_parent" title="Narcissistic parent">Narcissistic parent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parental_narcissistic_abuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Parental narcissistic abuse">Parental narcissistic abuse</a></div> <p>Parents who may <a href="/wiki/Displacement_(psychology)" title="Displacement (psychology)">displace</a> their anger, insecurity, or a persistent need to dominate and <a href="/wiki/Abusive_power_and_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Abusive power and control">control</a> upon their children in excessive ways have been proven to increase the likelihood that their own children will in turn become overly aggressive or controlling towards their peers.<sup id="cite_ref-parent_bullying_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parent_bullying-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Psychological_Association" title="American Psychological Association">American Psychological Association</a> advises on its website that parents who may suspect their own children may be engaging in bullying activities among their peers should carefully consider the examples which they themselves may be setting for their own children regarding how they typically interact with their own peers, colleagues, and children.<sup id="cite_ref-APA_on_parental_bullying_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APA_on_parental_bullying-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prison">Prison</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></div> <p>The prison environment is known for bullying. An additional complication is the staff and their relationships with the inmates. Thus, the following possible bullying scenarios are possible: </p> <ul><li>Inmate bullies inmate (echoing school bullying)</li> <li>Staff bullies inmate</li> <li>Staff bullies staff (a manifestation of workplace bullying)</li> <li>Inmate bullies staff</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="School">School</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/School_bullying" title="School bullying">School bullying</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CDC_DASH_anti-bullying_PSA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/CDC_DASH_anti-bullying_PSA.jpg/220px-CDC_DASH_anti-bullying_PSA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/CDC_DASH_anti-bullying_PSA.jpg/330px-CDC_DASH_anti-bullying_PSA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/CDC_DASH_anti-bullying_PSA.jpg/440px-CDC_DASH_anti-bullying_PSA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> graphic presenting school anti-bullying guidelines</figcaption></figure> <p>It is important to distinguish school bullying that per definition has the goal of harming the victim from normal peer conflict that is an inherent part of everyday school life and often promotes social development.<sup id="cite_ref-School_bullying_is_not_a_conflict_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-School_bullying_is_not_a_conflict-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike normal conflict, bullying is a systematic and repeated abuse committed intentionally by another student who has more power (physical, social, or otherwise). School bullies may taunt and tease their target before finally physically bullying them. Bystanders typically choose to either participate or watch, sometimes out of fear of becoming the next target. </p><p>Bullying can occur in nearly any part in or around the school building, although it may occur more frequently during physical education classes and activities such as recess. Bullying also takes place in school hallways, bathrooms, on school buses and while waiting for buses, and in classes that require group work and/or after school activities. Bullying in school sometimes consists of a group of students taking advantage of or isolating one student in particular and gaining the loyalty of bystanders who want to avoid becoming the next target. The 2011 documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Bully_(2011_film)" title="Bully (2011 film)">Bully</a></i> showcases the lives of five American public school students who face bullying in school and while on the school bus. The bullying is shown to affect the students both at school and in their homes. </p><p>Teachers play an important role in bullying prevention and intervention because they are the adults who spend most of their time with the students.<sup id="cite_ref-dx.doi.org_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dx.doi.org-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullying can, however, also be perpetrated by teachers and the school system itself; there is an inherent power differential in the system that can easily predispose to subtle or covert abuse (<a href="/wiki/Relational_aggression" title="Relational aggression">relational aggression</a> or <a href="/wiki/Passive_aggression" class="mw-redirect" title="Passive aggression">passive aggression</a>), <a href="/wiki/Humiliation" title="Humiliation">humiliation</a>, or exclusion – even while maintaining overt commitments to anti-bullying policies.<sup id="cite_ref-GarbarinodeLara2003_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GarbarinodeLara2003-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, in Canada, a North American legal precedent was set by a mother and her son, after the son was bullied in his public school. The mother and son won a court case against the Ottawa-Carleton District School Board, making this the first case in North America where a school board has been found negligent in a bullying case for failing to meet the standard of care (the "duty of care" that the school board owes to its students). Thus, it sets a precedent of a school board being found liable in negligence for harm caused to a child, because they failed to protect a child from the bullying actions of other students. There has been only one other similar bullying case and it was won in Australia in 2013 (<i>Oyston v. St. Patricks College</i>, 2013).<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gendered">Gendered</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_bullying" title="Sexual bullying">Sexual bullying</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></div> <p>Sexual bullying is "any bullying behaviour, whether physical or non-physical, that is based on a person's sexuality or gender. It is when sexuality or gender is used as a weapon by boys or girls towards other boys or girls – although it is more commonly directed at girls. It can be carried out to a person's face, behind their back or through the use of technology."<sup id="cite_ref-NSPCC02_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSPCC02-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transsexuality">Transsexuality</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trans_bashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans bashing">Trans bashing</a></div> <p>Trans bashing is the act of <a href="/wiki/Victimizing" class="mw-redirect" title="Victimizing">victimizing</a> a person physically, sexually, or verbally because they are <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">transgender</a> or <a href="/wiki/Transsexualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Transsexualism">transsexual</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike <a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">gay bashing</a>, it is committed because of the target's actual or perceived <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work">Work</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Workplace_bullying" title="Workplace bullying">Workplace bullying</a></div> <p>Workplace bullying occurs when an employee experiences a persistent pattern of mistreatment from others in the workplace that causes harm.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workplace bullying can include such tactics as <a href="/wiki/Verbal_abuse" title="Verbal abuse">verbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nonverbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonverbal">nonverbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychological_abuse" title="Psychological abuse">psychological</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">physical</a> abuse and <a href="/wiki/Humiliation" title="Humiliation">humiliation</a>. This type of <a href="/wiki/Workplace_aggression" title="Workplace aggression">workplace aggression</a> is particularly difficult because, unlike the typical forms of <a href="/wiki/School_bullying" title="School bullying">school bullying</a>, workplace bullies often operate within the established rules and policies of their organization and their society. Bullying in the workplace is in the majority of cases reported as having been perpetrated by someone in authority over the target. Bullies can also be peers, and occasionally can be subordinates.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first known documented use of "workplace bullying" is in 1992 in a book by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Adams" title="Andrea Adams">Andrea Adams</a> called <i>Bullying at Work: How to Confront and Overcome It</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Research has also investigated the impact of the larger organizational context on bullying as well as the group-level processes that impact on the incidence, and maintenance of bullying behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullying can be covert or overt. It may be missed by superiors or known by many throughout the organization. Negative effects are not limited to the targeted individuals, and may lead to a decline in <a href="/wiki/Employee_morale" title="Employee morale">employee morale</a> and a change in <a href="/wiki/Organizational_culture" title="Organizational culture">organizational culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SilentEpidemic_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SilentEpidemic-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Cochrane_(organisation)" title="Cochrane (organisation)">Cochrane Collaboration</a> <a href="/wiki/Systematic_review" title="Systematic review">systematic review</a> has found very low quality <a href="/wiki/Scientific_evidence" title="Scientific evidence">evidence</a> to suggest that organizational and individual interventions may prevent bullying behaviors in the workplace.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Academia">Academia</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_academia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bullying in academia">Bullying in academia</a></div> <p>Bullying in academia is workplace bullying of scholars and staff in academia, especially places of higher education such as colleges and universities. It is believed to be common, although has not received as much attention from researchers as bullying in some other contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Blue-collar_jobs">Blue-collar jobs</h4></div> <p>Bullying has been identified as prominent in blue-collar jobs, including on oil rigs and in mechanic shops and machine shops. It is thought that intimidation and fear of retribution cause decreased incident reports. In industry sectors dominated by males, typically of little education, where disclosure of incidents are seen as effeminate, reporting in the socioeconomic and cultural milieu of such industries would likely lead to a <a href="/wiki/Vicious_circle" title="Vicious circle">vicious circle</a>. This is often used in combination with <a href="/wiki/Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Manipulation (psychology)">manipulation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">coercion</a> of facts to gain favour among higher-ranking <a href="/wiki/Administrator_(business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrator (business)">administrators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Information_technology">Information technology</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_information_technology" title="Bullying in information technology">Bullying in information technology</a></div> <p>A culture of bullying is common in information technology (IT), leading to high sickness rates, low morale, poor productivity, and high staff-turnover.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deadline-driven project work and stressed-out managers take their toll on IT workers.<sup id="cite_ref-RichardsEdwards2008_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RichardsEdwards2008-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Courts">Courts</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_the_legal_profession" title="Bullying in the legal profession">Bullying in the legal profession</a></div> <p>Bullying in the <a href="/wiki/Legal_profession" title="Legal profession">legal profession</a> is believed to be more common than in some other professions. It is believed that its adversarial, hierarchical tradition contributes towards this.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women, trainees and solicitors who have been qualified for five years or less are more affected, as are ethnic minority lawyers and lesbian, gay and bisexual lawyers.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Medicine">Medicine</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_medicine" title="Bullying in medicine">Bullying in medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_nursing" title="Bullying in nursing">Bullying in nursing</a></div> <p>Bullying in the <a href="/wiki/Medical_profession" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical profession">medical profession</a> is common, particularly of student or trainee doctors and of nurses. It is thought that this is at least in part an outcome of conservative traditional hierarchical structures and teaching methods in the medical profession, which may result in a bullying cycle. </p><p>Even though The <a href="/wiki/American_Nurses_Association" title="American Nurses Association">American Nurses Association</a> believes that all nursing personnel have the right to work in safe, non-abusive environments, bullying has been identified as being particularly prevalent in the nursing profession although the reasons are not clear. It is thought that relational aggression (psychological aspects of bullying such as gossiping and intimidation) are relevant. Relational aggression has been studied among girls but not so much among adult women.<sup id="cite_ref-RichardsEdwards2008_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RichardsEdwards2008-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Teaching">Teaching</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_teaching" title="Bullying in teaching">Bullying in teaching</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/School" title="School">School</a> <a href="/wiki/Teachers" class="mw-redirect" title="Teachers">teachers</a> are commonly the subject of bullying but they are also sometimes the originators of bullying within a school environment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Machines">Machines</h3></div> <p>Children have been observed bullying anthropomorphic robots designed to assist the elderly. Their attacks start with blocking the robots' paths of movement and then escalate to verbal abuse, hitting and destroying the object. Seventy-five percent of the kids interviewed perceived the robot as "human-like" yet decided to abuse it anyway, while 35% of the kids who beat up the robot did so "for enjoyment".<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prevention">Prevention</h2></div> <p>Bullying prevention is the collective effort to prevent, reduce and stop bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many campaigns and events are designated to bullying prevention throughout the world. Bullying prevention campaigns and events include <a href="/wiki/Anti-Bullying_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bullying Day">Anti-Bullying Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Bullying_Week" title="Anti-Bullying Week">Anti-Bullying Week</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Pink" title="International Day of Pink">International Day of Pink</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_STAND_UP_to_Bullying_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="International STAND UP to Bullying Day">International STAND UP to Bullying Day</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Bullying_Prevention_Month&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Bullying Prevention Month (page does not exist)">National Bullying Prevention Month</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anti-bullying_legislation" title="Anti-bullying legislation">Anti-bullying laws</a> in the U.S. have also been enacted in 23 of its 50 states, making bullying in schools illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2019 study by McCallion & Feder found that school-based anti-bullying programs may lower the incidence of bullying by 25%.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bullying prevention programs allow schools to help decrease cyberbullying within the realm of school. The prevention methods are targeted mainly for middle schoolers, where we see the most bullying occur.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To help decrease cyberbullying, people need to take preventative measures. One preventative method was implemented to determine the effectiveness against cyberbullying. This program called "Media Heroes" showed how educating teachers on bullying behaviors in school can help them educate and stop students from bullying. This educational program decreased bullying in their schools. Having trusted adults become educated on what can go on online, can help prevent further cyberbullying.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responses">Responses</h2></div> <p>Bullying is typically ongoing and not isolated behaviour. Common responses are to try to ignore it, to confront the bullies, or to turn to an authority figure. </p><p>Ignoring it often does nothing to stop the bullying continuing, and it can become worse over time.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can be important to address bullying behaviour early on, as it can be easier to control the earlier it is detected.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bystanders play an important role in responding to bullying, as doing nothing can encourage it to continue, while small steps that oppose the behaviour can reduce it.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Authority figures can play an important role, such as parents or teachers in child or adolescent situations, or supervisors, human-resources staff or parent-bodies in workplace and volunteer settings. In the school context, teachers who set clear boundaries, communicate seriously that bullying behavior is unacceptable and will not be tolerated, and involve school administrators have been shown to reduce bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-dx.doi.org_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dx.doi.org-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discussing bullying and its consequences with the whole class is also an important intervention that not only reduces bullying, but also encourages other students to step in and stop bullying even before it reaches its full form.<sup id="cite_ref-dx.doi.org_117-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dx.doi.org-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, authority figures can be influential in recognising and stopping bullying behaviour, and creating an environment that does not encourage or promote bullying.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many situations, authority figures are untrained and unqualified, do not know how to respond, and can make the situation worse.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases the authority figures even support the people doing the bullying, facilitating it continuing and increasing the isolation and marginalising of the target.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the most effective ways to respond are to recognise that harmful behaviour is taking place, and to create an environment where it will not continue.<sup id="cite_ref-field03_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-field03-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashing_(pejorative)" title="Bashing (pejorative)">Bashing (pejorative)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_and_suicide" title="Bullying and suicide">Bullying and suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_of_students_in_higher_education" title="Bullying of students in higher education">Bullying of students in higher education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">Hazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrahumanisation" title="Infrahumanisation">Infrahumanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive-aggressive_behavior" title="Passive-aggressive behavior">Passive-aggressive behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protection_racket" title="Protection racket">Protection racket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_trauma" title="Psychological trauma">Psychological trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dominance_orientation" title="Social dominance orientation">Social dominance orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_and_suicide" title="Social media and suicide">Social media and suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_rejection" title="Social rejection">Social rejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_undermining" title="Social undermining">Social undermining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunting" title="Taunting">Taunting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bully:_A_Discussion_and_Activity_Story" title="The Bully: A Discussion and Activity Story">The Bully: A Discussion and Activity Story</a></i> (book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throffer" title="Throffer">Throffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-School_bullying_is_not_a_conflict-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-School_bullying_is_not_a_conflict_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-School_bullying_is_not_a_conflict_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-School_bullying_is_not_a_conflict_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBurger2022" class="citation journal cs1">Burger C (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517642">"School bullying is not a conflict: The interplay between conflict management styles, bullying victimization and psychological school adjustment"</a>. <i>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</i>. <b>19</b> (18): 11809. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph191811809">10.3390/ijerph191811809</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1661-7827">1661-7827</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517642">9517642</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36142079">36142079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Research+and+Public+Health&rft.atitle=School+bullying+is+not+a+conflict%3A+The+interplay+between+conflict+management+styles%2C+bullying+victimization+and+psychological+school+adjustment&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=11809&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9517642%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1661-7827&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36142079&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fijerph191811809&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9517642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuvonen,_J.Graham,_S.2014" class="citation journal cs1">Juvonen, J., Graham, S. (2014). "Bullying in Schools: The Power of Bullies and the Plight of Victims". <i><a href="/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Psychology" title="Annual Review of Psychology">Annual Review of Psychology</a></i>. <b>65</b>: 159–185. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-psych-010213-115030">10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115030</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23937767">23937767</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207640520">207640520</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Bullying+in+Schools%3A+The+Power+of+Bullies+and+the+Plight+of+Victims&rft.volume=65&rft.pages=159-185&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207640520%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23937767&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-psych-010213-115030&rft.au=Juvonen%2C+J.&rft.au=Graham%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgerStrohmeierSpröberBauman2015" class="citation journal cs1">Burger C, Strohmeier D, Spröber N, Bauman S, Rigby K (2015). "How teachers respond to school bullying: An examination of self-reported intervention strategy use, moderator effects, and concurrent use of multiple strategies". <i>Teaching and Teacher Education</i>. <b>51</b>: 191–202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tate.2015.07.004">10.1016/j.tate.2015.07.004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teaching+and+Teacher+Education&rft.atitle=How+teachers+respond+to+school+bullying%3A+An+examination+of+self-reported+intervention+strategy+use%2C+moderator+effects%2C+and+concurrent+use+of+multiple+strategies&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=191-202&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tate.2015.07.004&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rft.au=Strohmeier%2C+Dagmar&rft.au=Spr%C3%B6ber%2C+Nina&rft.au=Bauman%2C+Sheri&rft.au=Rigby%2C+Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DavenportSchwartz1999-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DavenportSchwartz1999_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoa_DavenportRuth_Distler_SchwartzGail_Pursell_Elliott1999" class="citation book cs1">Noa Davenport, Ruth Distler Schwartz, Gail Pursell Elliott (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JlJoyD84BfAC"><i>Mobbing: Emotional Abuse in the American Workplace</i></a>. Civil Society Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9671803-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9671803-0-4"><bdi>978-0-9671803-0-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101074041/http://books.google.com/books?id=JlJoyD84BfAC">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mobbing%3A+Emotional+Abuse+in+the+American+Workplace&rft.pub=Civil+Society+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-9671803-0-4&rft.au=Noa+Davenport&rft.au=Ruth+Distler+Schwartz&rft.au=Gail+Pursell+Elliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJlJoyD84BfAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPouwelsLansuCillessen2018" class="citation journal cs1">Pouwels JL, Lansu TA, Cillessen AH (2018). "A developmental perspective on popularity and the group process of bullying". <i>Aggression and Violent Behavior</i>. <b>43</b>: 64–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.avb.2018.10.003">10.1016/j.avb.2018.10.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2066%2F196743">2066/196743</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1359-1789">1359-1789</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150289090">150289090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aggression+and+Violent+Behavior&rft.atitle=A+developmental+perspective+on+popularity+and+the+group+process+of+bullying&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=64-70&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2066%2F196743&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150289090%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1359-1789&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.avb.2018.10.003&rft.aulast=Pouwels&rft.aufirst=JL&rft.au=Lansu%2C+TA&rft.au=Cillessen%2C+AH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bennett2006-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bennett2006_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Bennett2006" class="citation book cs1">Elizabeth Bennett (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GF06aB7mLdIC"><i>Peer Abuse Know More!: Bullying from a Psychological Perspective</i></a>. Infinity. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7414-3265-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7414-3265-0"><bdi>978-0-7414-3265-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140914150852/http://books.google.com/books?id=GF06aB7mLdIC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peer+Abuse+Know+More%21%3A+Bullying+from+a+Psychological+Perspective&rft.pub=Infinity&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7414-3265-0&rft.au=Elizabeth+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGF06aB7mLdIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller2017" class="citation book cs1">Fuller RW (2017). "Learning to Seek". <i>Learning in a Dignitarian World</i>. Routledge. pp. 29–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-78742-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-78742-7"><bdi>978-0-203-78742-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Learning+to+Seek&rft.btitle=Learning+in+a+Dignitarian+World&rft.pages=29-40&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-203-78742-7&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=RW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-History_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-History_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clemson.edu/olweus/history.html">"History"</a>. <i>OLWEUS Bullying Prevention Program</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204025/http://www.clemson.edu/olweus/history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OLWEUS+Bullying+Prevention+Program&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clemson.edu%2Folweus%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Besag1989-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Besag1989_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValerie_E._Besag1989" class="citation book cs1">Valerie E. Besag (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t2pHAAAAMAAJ"><i>Bullies and victims in schools: a guide to understanding and management</i></a>. Open University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-335-09542-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-335-09542-1"><bdi>978-0-335-09542-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707234508/http://books.google.com/books?id=t2pHAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bullies+and+victims+in+schools%3A+a+guide+to+understanding+and+management&rft.pub=Open+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-335-09542-1&rft.au=Valerie+E.+Besag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt2pHAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SilentEpidemic-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SilentEpidemic_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SilentEpidemic_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2011" class="citation web cs1">Williams R (3 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20151121235011/https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201105/the-silent-epidemic-workplace-bullying">"The Silent Epidemic: Workplace Bullying"</a>. <i>Psychology Today</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201105/the-silent-epidemic-workplace-bullying">the original</a> on 2015-11-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psychology+Today&rft.atitle=The+Silent+Epidemic%3A+Workplace+Bullying&rft.date=2011-05-03&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fblog%2Fwired-success%2F201105%2Fthe-silent-epidemic-workplace-bullying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Castleberry2022-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Castleberry2022_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastleberry2022" class="citation book cs1">Castleberry CL (2022). <i>The Global Culture of Bullying: Explorations and Recommendations</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-68486-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-68486-5"><bdi>978-1-000-68486-5</bdi></a>. <q>...enacted law to address bullying in colleges and universities, called "ragging."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Culture+of+Bullying%3A+Explorations+and+Recommendations&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-000-68486-5&rft.aulast=Castleberry&rft.aufirst=Carol+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittaker2016" class="citation journal cs1">Whittaker E (2016). "Cyberbullying via social media". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_School_Violence" title="Journal of School Violence">Journal of School Violence</a></i>: 11–29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+School+Violence&rft.atitle=Cyberbullying+via+social+media&rft.pages=11-29&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinfeldtVaughanLaFolletteSteinfeldt2012" class="citation journal cs1">Steinfeldt JA, Vaughan EL, LaFollette JR, Steinfeldt MC (October 2012). "Bullying among adolescent football players: Role of masculinity and moral atmosphere". <i>Psychology of Men and Masculinity</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 340–353. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0026645">10.1037/a0026645</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2022%2F14023">2022/14023</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+of+Men+and+Masculinity&rft.atitle=Bullying+among+adolescent+football+players%3A+Role+of+masculinity+and+moral+atmosphere&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=340-353&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2022%2F14023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fa0026645&rft.aulast=Steinfeldt&rft.aufirst=Jesse+A.&rft.au=Vaughan%2C+Ellen+L.&rft.au=LaFollette%2C+Julie+R.&rft.au=Steinfeldt%2C+Matthew+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2019/08/13/social-media-use-may-harm-teens-mental-health-by-disrupting-positive-activities-study-says/">"Social Media Use May Harm Teens' Mental Health By Disrupting Positive Activities, Study Says"</a>. 2019-08-13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210311022341/https://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2019/08/13/social-media-use-may-harm-teens-mental-health-by-disrupting-positive-activities-study-says/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Social+Media+Use+May+Harm+Teens%27+Mental+Health+By+Disrupting+Positive+Activities%2C+Study+Says&rft.date=2019-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbaltimore.cbslocal.com%2F2019%2F08%2F13%2Fsocial-media-use-may-harm-teens-mental-health-by-disrupting-positive-activities-study-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210026/http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=2753">"The University of Manchester Dignity at Work and Study Policy"</a>. The University of Manchester. January 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=2753">the original</a> on 2013-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+University+of+Manchester+Dignity+at+Work+and+Study+Policy&rft.pub=The+University+of+Manchester&rft.date=2012-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.manchester.ac.uk%2Fdisplay.aspx%3FDocID%3D2753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110304062718/http://www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/HHS_PSA/pdfs/SBN_Tip_6.pdf">"State Laws Related to Bullying Among Children and Youth"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>U.S. Department of Health and Human Services – Health Resources and Services Administration – Maternal and Child Health Bureau</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/HHS_PSA/pdfs/SBN_Tip_6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+%E2%80%93+Health+Resources+and+Services+Administration+%E2%80%93+Maternal+and+Child+Health+Bureau&rft.atitle=State+Laws+Related+to+Bullying+Among+Children+and+Youth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov%2FHHS_PSA%2Fpdfs%2FSBN_Tip_6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrankHoetgerHazen2012" class="citation journal cs1">Brank EM, Hoetger LA, Hazen KP (December 2012). "Bullying". <i><a href="/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Law_and_Social_Science" title="Annual Review of Law and Social Science">Annual Review of Law and Social Science</a></i>. <b>8</b> (1): 213–230. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-lawsocsci-102811-173820">10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102811-173820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Law+and+Social+Science&rft.atitle=Bullying&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=213-230&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-lawsocsci-102811-173820&rft.aulast=Brank&rft.aufirst=Eve+M.&rft.au=Hoetger%2C+Lori+A.&rft.au=Hazen%2C+Katherine+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029215401/http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/childrenandfamilies/parenting/childsbehaviour/bullying.htm">"Children who are bullying or being bullied"</a>. <i>Cambridgeshire County Council: Children and families</i>. Cambridgeshire County Council. 2013-07-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/childrenandfamilies/parenting/childsbehaviour/bullying.htm">the original</a> on 2013-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridgeshire+County+Council%3A+Children+and+families&rft.atitle=Children+who+are+bullying+or+being+bullied&rft.date=2013-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgeshire.gov.uk%2Fchildrenandfamilies%2Fparenting%2Fchildsbehaviour%2Fbullying.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEricson2001" class="citation journal cs1">Ericson N (June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/fs200127.pdf">"Addressing the Problem of Juvenile Bullying"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>OJJDP Fact Sheet #FS-200127</i>. <b>27</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626170748/https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/fs200127.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2015-06-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OJJDP+Fact+Sheet+%23FS-200127&rft.atitle=Addressing+the+Problem+of+Juvenile+Bullying&rft.volume=27&rft.date=2001-06&rft.aulast=Ericson&rft.aufirst=Nels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncjrs.gov%2Fpdffiles1%2Fojjdp%2Ffs200127.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2016" class="citation journal cs1">Meyer D (2016). "The Gentle Neoliberalism of Modern Anti-bullying Texts: Surveillance, Intervention, and Bystanders in Contemporary Bullying Discourse". <i>Sexuality Research and Social Policy</i>. <b>13</b> (4): 356–370. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13178-016-0238-9">10.1007/s13178-016-0238-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148471672">148471672</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexuality+Research+and+Social+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Gentle+Neoliberalism+of+Modern+Anti-bullying+Texts%3A+Surveillance%2C+Intervention%2C+and+Bystanders+in+Contemporary+Bullying+Discourse&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=356-370&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13178-016-0238-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148471672%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Doug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bully">"bully"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>. Douglas Harper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195402/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bully">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=bully&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dbully&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shapell.org/manuscript/theodore-roosevelt-bully-for-you"><i>TR Correspondence 27 September 1907</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416024951/http://www.shapell.org/manuscript/theodore-roosevelt-bully-for-you">Archived</a> 16 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "bully for you" in the positive sense</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shapell.org/manuscript/theodore-roosevelt-bully-for-you/">"Teddy Roosevelt Writes "Bully for You"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230929001955/https://www.shapell.org/manuscript/theodore-roosevelt-bully-for-you/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teddy+Roosevelt+Writes+%22Bully+for+You%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shapell.org%2Fmanuscript%2Ftheodore-roosevelt-bully-for-you%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politicaldictionary.com/?s=bully+pulpit">"Political Dictionary"</a>. <i>Political Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240221172343/https://politicaldictionary.com/?s=bully+pulpit">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Political+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Political+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoliticaldictionary.com%2F%3Fs%3Dbully%2Bpulpit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2007" class="citation book cs1">McGrath MJ (2007). <i>School Bullying: Tools for Avoiding Harm and Liability</i>. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-1571-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-1571-7"><bdi>978-1-4129-1571-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=School+Bullying%3A+Tools+for+Avoiding+Harm+and+Liability&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Corwin+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-1571-7&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Mary+Jo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/hatecrimes/learn-about-hate-crimes">"Hate Crimes | United States Department of Justice | Hate Crimes | Learn More"</a>. <i>www.justice.gov</i>. 2022-11-01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240406093758/https://www.justice.gov/hatecrimes/learn-about-hate-crimes">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.justice.gov&rft.atitle=Hate+Crimes+%7C+United+States+Department+of+Justice+%7C+Hate+Crimes+%7C+Learn+More&rft.date=2022-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fhatecrimes%2Flearn-about-hate-crimes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglander2007" class="citation journal cs1">Englander E (October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764207306052">"Is Bullying a Junior Hate Crime? Implications for Interventions"</a>. <i>American Behavioral Scientist</i>. <b>51</b> (2): 205–212. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0002764207306052">10.1177/0002764207306052</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7642">0002-7642</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240404192048/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002764207306052">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Behavioral+Scientist&rft.atitle=Is+Bullying+a+Junior+Hate+Crime%3F+Implications+for+Interventions&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=205-212&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0002764207306052&rft.issn=0002-7642&rft.aulast=Englander&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0002764207306052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWangNanselIannotti2011" class="citation journal cs1">Wang J, Nansel TR, Iannotti RJ (April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058261">"Cyber and Traditional Bullying: Differential Association With Depression"</a>. <i>Journal of Adolescent Health</i>. <b>48</b> (4): 415–417. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2010.07.012">10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.07.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1054-139X">1054-139X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058261">3058261</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21402273">21402273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Cyber+and+Traditional+Bullying%3A+Differential+Association+With+Depression&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=415-417&rft.date=2011-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3058261%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1054-139X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21402273&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2010.07.012&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jing&rft.au=Nansel%2C+Tonja+R.&rft.au=Iannotti%2C+Ronald+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3058261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://respect2all.org/bullying-definitions/">"Bullying Definitions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304140405/http://respect2all.org/bullying-definitions/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bullying+Definitions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frespect2all.org%2Fbullying-definitions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2014" class="citation book cs1">Berger KS (2014). <i>Invitation to the Life Span</i>. New York: Worth Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4641-7205-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4641-7205-2"><bdi>978-1-4641-7205-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invitation+to+the+Life+Span&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Worth+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4641-7205-2&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+Stassen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201023450/https://nobullying.com/physical-bullying/">"no bullying"</a>. <i>nobullying.com/physical-bullying/</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nobullying.com/physical-bullying/">the original</a> on 1 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nobullying.com%2Fphysical-bullying%2F&rft.atitle=no+bullying&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnobullying.com%2Fphysical-bullying%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/verbal-bullying.html">"What is Verbal Bullying and How to Handle Verbal Bullies – Bullying Statistics"</a>. <i>Bullying Statistics</i>. 2015-07-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161125110622/http://www.bullyingstatistics.org/content/verbal-bullying.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-11-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bullying+Statistics&rft.atitle=What+is+Verbal+Bullying+and+How+to+Handle+Verbal+Bullies+%E2%80%93+Bullying+Statistics&rft.date=2015-07-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bullyingstatistics.org%2Fcontent%2Fverbal-bullying.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreakstoneDreiblattDreiblatt2009" class="citation book cs1">Breakstone S, Dreiblatt M, Dreiblatt K (2009). <i>How to Stop Bullying and Social Aggression: Elementary Grade Lessons and Activities That Teach Empathy, Friendship, and Respect</i>. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-5810-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-5810-3"><bdi>978-1-4129-5810-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+Stop+Bullying+and+Social+Aggression%3A+Elementary+Grade+Lessons+and+Activities+That+Teach+Empathy%2C+Friendship%2C+and+Respect&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Corwin+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-5810-3&rft.aulast=Breakstone&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Dreiblatt%2C+Michael&rft.au=Dreiblatt%2C+Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton" class="citation news cs1">Norton C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://antibullyingsoftware.com/what-is-the-definition-of-relational-bullying-social-bullying/">"What is the Definition of Relational Bullying / Social Bullying – BRIM Anti-Bullying Software"</a>. <i>BRIM Anti-Bullying Software</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201080421/https://antibullyingsoftware.com/what-is-the-definition-of-relational-bullying-social-bullying/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BRIM+Anti-Bullying+Software&rft.atitle=What+is+the+Definition+of+Relational+Bullying+%2F+Social+Bullying+%E2%80%93+BRIM+Anti-Bullying+Software&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fantibullyingsoftware.com%2Fwhat-is-the-definition-of-relational-bullying-social-bullying%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cyberbullying.html">"Cyberbullying"</a>. <i>kidshealth.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201165708/http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cyberbullying.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kidshealth.org&rft.atitle=Cyberbullying&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkidshealth.org%2Fen%2Fparents%2Fcyberbullying.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it">"What Is Cyberbullying"</a>. <i>StopBullying.gov</i>. Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs. 2019-09-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927152338/https://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StopBullying.gov&rft.atitle=What+Is+Cyberbullying&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stopbullying.gov%2Fcyberbullying%2Fwhat-is-it&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mobbing: Emotional Abuse in the American Workplace by Noa Davenport, Ruth D. Schwartz and Gail Pursell Elliott.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Einarsen2003-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Einarsen2003_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStåle_Einarsen2003" class="citation book cs1">Ståle Einarsen (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dQhz3uFOuaYC"><i>Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace: International Perspectives in Research and Practice</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25359-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25359-8"><bdi>978-0-415-25359-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102040519/http://books.google.com/books?id=dQhz3uFOuaYC">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-01-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bullying+and+Emotional+Abuse+in+the+Workplace%3A+International+Perspectives+in+Research+and+Practice&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25359-8&rft.au=St%C3%A5le+Einarsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdQhz3uFOuaYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardemilCardemilO'Donnell2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cardemil AR, Cardemil EV, O'Donnell EH (August 2010). "Self-Esteem in Pure Bullies and Bully/Victims: A Longitudinal Analysis". <i>Journal of Interpersonal Violence</i>. <b>25</b> (8): 1489–1502. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0886260509354579">10.1177/0886260509354579</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20040706">20040706</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26698674">26698674</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interpersonal+Violence&rft.atitle=Self-Esteem+in+Pure+Bullies+and+Bully%2FVictims%3A+A+Longitudinal+Analysis&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1489-1502&rft.date=2010-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A26698674%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20040706&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0886260509354579&rft.aulast=Cardemil&rft.aufirst=Alisha+R.&rft.au=Cardemil%2C+Esteban+V.&rft.au=O%27Donnell%2C+Ellen+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bkn-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bkn_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatscheKnoff1994" class="citation journal cs1">Batsche GM, Knoff HM (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faculty.buffalostate.edu/hennesda/BULLIES_AND_THEIR_VICTIMS.doc">"Bullies and their victims: Understanding a pervasive problem in the schools"</a>. <i>School Psychology Review</i>. <b>23</b> (2): 165–175. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02796015.1994.12085704">10.1080/02796015.1994.12085704</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120302213726/http://faculty.buffalostate.edu/hennesda/BULLIES_AND_THEIR_VICTIMS.doc">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-03-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=School+Psychology+Review&rft.atitle=Bullies+and+their+victims%3A+Understanding+a+pervasive+problem+in+the+schools&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-175&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02796015.1994.12085704&rft.aulast=Batsche&rft.aufirst=George+M.&rft.au=Knoff%2C+Howard+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.buffalostate.edu%2Fhennesda%2FBULLIES_AND_THEIR_VICTIMS.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bullyonline.org/workbully/faq.htm">"Those who can, do. Those who can't, bully"</a>. <i>Bully OnLine</i>. Tim Field. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130707153041/http://www.bullyonline.org/workbully/faq.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bully+OnLine&rft.atitle=Those+who+can%2C+do.+Those+who+can%27t%2C+bully.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bullyonline.org%2Fworkbully%2Ffaq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyiasha" class="citation web cs1">Syiasha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/7882659/Presentation-Bullying">"Presentation Bullying"</a>. <i>Scribd</i>. Scribd Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029215602/http://www.scribd.com/doc/7882659/Presentation-Bullying">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scribd&rft.atitle=Presentation+Bullying&rft.au=Syiasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F7882659%2FPresentation-Bullying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevinsonLevinson2004" class="citation journal cs1">Levinson EM, Levinson EM (2004). "Assessment of Bullying: A Review of Methods and Instruments". <i>Journal of Counseling & Development</i>. <b>82</b> (4): 496–503. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1556-6678.2004.tb00338.x">10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00338.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Counseling+%26+Development&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+Bullying%3A+A+Review+of+Methods+and+Instruments&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=496-503&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1556-6678.2004.tb00338.x&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Edward+M.&rft.au=Levinson%2C+Edward+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roy Baumeister. <i>Evil: Inside Human Violence and Cruelty</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson_G2005" class="citation journal cs1">Patterson G (December 2005). "The bully as victim?". <i>Paediatric Nursing</i>. <b>17</b> (10): 27–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7748%2Fpaed2005.12.17.10.27.c981">10.7748/paed2005.12.17.10.27.c981</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16372706">16372706</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34334649">34334649</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paediatric+Nursing&rft.atitle=The+bully+as+victim%3F&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=27-30&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A34334649%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16372706&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7748%2Fpaed2005.12.17.10.27.c981&rft.au=Patterson+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumpulainen2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kumpulainen K (2008). "Psychiatric conditions associated with bullying". <i>International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health</i>. <b>20</b> (2): 121–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fijamh.2008.20.2.121">10.1515/ijamh.2008.20.2.121</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18714551">18714551</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32858078">32858078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Adolescent+Medicine+and+Health&rft.atitle=Psychiatric+conditions+associated+with+bullying&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=121-132&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32858078%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18714551&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fijamh.2008.20.2.121&rft.aulast=Kumpulainen&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vari2-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vari2_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazlerrCarneyGreenPowell1997" class="citation journal cs1">Hazlerr RJ, Carney JV, Green S, Powell R, Jolly LS (1997). "Areas of Expert Agreement on Identification of School Bullies and Victims". <i>School Psychology International</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 5–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0143034397181001">10.1177/0143034397181001</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144789919">144789919</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=School+Psychology+International&rft.atitle=Areas+of+Expert+Agreement+on+Identification+of+School+Bullies+and+Victims&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-14&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0143034397181001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144789919%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Hazlerr&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft.au=Carney%2C+J.+V.&rft.au=Green%2C+S.&rft.au=Powell%2C+R.&rft.au=Jolly%2C+L.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig1998" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Craig_(psychologist)" title="Wendy Craig (psychologist)">Craig W</a> (1998). "The relationship among bullying, victimization, depression, anxiety, and aggression in elementary school children". <i>Personality and Individual Differences</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 123–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0191-8869%2897%2900145-1">10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00145-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.atitle=The+relationship+among+bullying%2C+victimization%2C+depression%2C+anxiety%2C+and+aggression+in+elementary+school+children&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=123-130&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0191-8869%2897%2900145-1&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=W.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferguson,_2011-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferguson,_2011_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ferguson CJ (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120525061300/http://www.tamiu.edu/~cferguson/Video%20Games%201%20Year.pdf">"Video Games and Youth Violence: A Prospective Analysis in Adolescents"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Youth and Adolescence</i>. <b>40</b> (4): 377–391. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10964-010-9610-x">10.1007/s10964-010-9610-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21161351">21161351</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207206722">207206722</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tamiu.edu/~cferguson/Video%20Games%201%20Year.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-05-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Youth+and+Adolescence&rft.atitle=Video+Games+and+Youth+Violence%3A+A+Prospective+Analysis+in+Adolescents&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=377-391&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A207206722%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21161351&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10964-010-9610-x&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Christopher+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tamiu.edu%2F~cferguson%2FVideo%2520Games%25201%2520Year.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBall2008" class="citation journal cs1">Ball H (Jan 2008). "Genetic and environmental influences on victims, bullies and bully-victims in childhood". <i>Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry</i>. <b>49</b> (1): 104–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7610.2007.01821.x">10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01821.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18181884">18181884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Child+Psychology+and+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+environmental+influences+on+victims%2C+bullies+and+bully-victims+in+childhood&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=104-112&rft.date=2008-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7610.2007.01821.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18181884&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=H.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APS2010-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APS2010_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APS2010_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APS2010_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookWilliamsGuerraKim2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cook CR, Williams KR, Guerra NG, Kim TE, Sadek S (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/spq-25-2-65.pdf">"Predictors of Bullying and Victimization in Childhood and Adolescence: A Meta-analytic Investigation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>School Psychology Quarterly</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 65–83. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.617.7810">10.1.1.617.7810</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0020149">10.1037/a0020149</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10818%2F11372">10818/11372</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140307231300/http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/spq-25-2-65.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2014-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=School+Psychology+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Predictors+of+Bullying+and+Victimization+in+Childhood+and+Adolescence%3A+A+Meta-analytic+Investigation&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=65-83&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.617.7810%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10818%2F11372&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fa0020149&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Clayton+R.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Kirk+R.&rft.au=Guerra%2C+Nancy+G.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Tia+E.&rft.au=Sadek%2C+Shelly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fpubs%2Fjournals%2Freleases%2Fspq-25-2-65.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Juvonen (2003) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/112/6/1231.abstract"><i>Bullying Among Young Adolescents: The Strong, the Weak and the Troubled</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818110341/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/112/6/1231.abstract">Archived</a> 2011-08-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in <i>Pediatrics</i>, December 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928054438/http://www.kimberlyswygert.com/archives/001765.html">"The benefits of bullying"</a>. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kimberlyswygert.com/archives/001765.html">the original</a> on 2011-09-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+benefits+of+bullying&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kimberlyswygert.com%2Farchives%2F001765.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/564923.stm">"Bullies are the healthiest pupils"</a>. Education. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC. 1999-12-14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030192122/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/education/564923.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Bullies+are+the+healthiest+pupils&rft.date=1999-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Feducation%2F564923.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brodsky1976-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brodsky1976_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll_M._Brodsky1976" class="citation book cs1">Carroll M. Brodsky (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MZEeAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Harassed Worker</i></a>. Lexington Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-669-01041-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-669-01041-1"><bdi>978-0-669-01041-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708002355/http://books.google.com/books?id=MZEeAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Harassed+Worker&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-669-01041-1&rft.au=Carroll+M.+Brodsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMZEeAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshforth1994" class="citation journal cs1">Ashforth B (1994). "Petty Tyranny in Organizations". <i>Human Relations</i>. <b>47</b> (7): 755–778. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F001872679404700701">10.1177/001872679404700701</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145699243">145699243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Relations&rft.atitle=Petty+Tyranny+in+Organizations&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=755-778&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F001872679404700701&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145699243%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ashforth&rft.aufirst=Blake&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o_56-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perpetration_and_victimization_in_o_56-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurger,_C.Bachmann,_L.2021" class="citation journal cs1">Burger, C., Bachmann, L. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508291">"Perpetration and victimization in offline and cyber contexts: A variable- and person-oriented examination of associations and differences regarding domain-specific self-esteem and school adjustment"</a>. <i>Int J Environ Res Public Health</i>. <b>18</b> (19): 10429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph181910429">10.3390/ijerph181910429</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508291">8508291</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34639731">34639731</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Int+J+Environ+Res+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Perpetration+and+victimization+in+offline+and+cyber+contexts%3A+A+variable-+and+person-oriented+examination+of+associations+and+differences+regarding+domain-specific+self-esteem+and+school+adjustment.&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=19&rft.pages=10429&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8508291%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34639731&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fijerph181910429&rft.au=Burger%2C+C.&rft.au=Bachmann%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8508291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7714072.stm">"Bullying tendency wired in brain"</a>. 2008-11-07. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515223622/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/7714072.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bullying+tendency+wired+in+brain&rft.date=2008-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fhealth%2F7714072.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bystander_attitudes-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bystander_attitudes_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.athealth.com/Consumer/issues/BulliesVictimsBystanders3.html">"Bullies, Victims, and Bystanders"</a>. <i>athealth.com: Consumer: Issues</i>. Athealth.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305091427/http://www.athealth.com/Consumer/issues/BulliesVictimsBystanders3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-03-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=athealth.com%3A+Consumer%3A+Issues&rft.atitle=Bullies%2C+Victims%2C+and+Bystanders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.athealth.com%2FConsumer%2Fissues%2FBulliesVictimsBystanders3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090125193150.htm">"New Tactics To Tackle Bystander's Role In Bullying"</a>. Science News. <i>Science Daily</i>. Science Daily, LLC. 2009-01-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029184804/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090125193150.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Daily&rft.atitle=New+Tactics+To+Tackle+Bystander%27s+Role+In+Bullying&rft.date=2009-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2009%2F01%2F090125193150.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/419/petty-tyrant">"419: Petty Tyrant"</a>. <i>This American Life: Radio Archive</i>. Chicago Public Media & Ira Glass. 2010-11-12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131010093611/http://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/419/petty-tyrant">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+American+Life%3A+Radio+Archive&rft.atitle=419%3A+Petty+Tyrant&rft.date=2010-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisamericanlife.org%2Fradio-archives%2Fepisode%2F419%2Fpetty-tyrant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502001344/http://tbo.com/pasco-county/pasco-students-get-hero-training-to-stop-bullying-24060">"Pasco students get 'hero' training to stop bullying"</a>. Pasco County. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tampa_Tribune" title="The Tampa Tribune">The Tampa Tribune</a></i>. Tampa Media Group, LLC. 2010-10-12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tbo.com/pasco-county/pasco-students-get-hero-training-to-stop-bullying-24060">the original</a> on 2014-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tampa+Tribune&rft.atitle=Pasco+students+get+%27hero%27+training+to+stop+bullying&rft.date=2010-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftbo.com%2Fpasco-county%2Fpasco-students-get-hero-training-to-stop-bullying-24060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winningharmony.com/News_and_Events.php">"Program Helps Students Combat Bullying – Students participate with enthusiasm"</a>. <i>Winning Harmony Counselling</i>. 2010-10-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513031048/http://www.winningharmony.com/News_and_Events.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-05-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winning+Harmony+Counselling&rft.atitle=Program+Helps+Students+Combat+Bullying+%E2%80%93+Students+participate+with+enthusiasm&rft.date=2010-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winningharmony.com%2FNews_and_Events.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThornbergTenenbaumVarjasMeyers2012" class="citation journal cs1">Thornberg R, Tenenbaum L, Varjas K, Meyers J, Jungert T, Vanegas G (August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3415829">"Bystander Motivation in Bullying Incidents: To Intervene or Not to Intervene?"</a>. <i>Western Journal of Emergency Medicine</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 247–252. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5811%2Fwestjem.2012.3.11792">10.5811/westjem.2012.3.11792</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3415829">3415829</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22900122">22900122</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Western+Journal+of+Emergency+Medicine&rft.atitle=Bystander+Motivation+in+Bullying+Incidents%3A+To+Intervene+or+Not+to+Intervene%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=247-252&rft.date=2012-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3415829%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22900122&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5811%2Fwestjem.2012.3.11792&rft.aulast=Thornberg&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Tenenbaum%2C+Laura&rft.au=Varjas%2C+Kris&rft.au=Meyers%2C+Joel&rft.au=Jungert%2C+Tomas&rft.au=Vanegas%2C+Gina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3415829&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensenAlipourHagbergJensen2013" class="citation journal cs1">Jensen IB, Alipour A, Hagberg J, Jensen IB (August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3722445">"The impact of bystanding to workplace bullying on symptoms of depression among women and men in industry in Sweden: an empirical and theoretical longitudinal study"</a>. <i>International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health</i>. <b>86</b> (6): 709–716. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013IAOEH..86..709E">2013IAOEH..86..709E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00420-012-0813-1">10.1007/s00420-012-0813-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1432-1246">1432-1246</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3722445">3722445</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22940902">22940902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+bystanding+to+workplace+bullying+on+symptoms+of+depression+among+women+and+men+in+industry+in+Sweden%3A+an+empirical+and+theoretical+longitudinal+study&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=709-716&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3722445%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013IAOEH..86..709E&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22940902&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00420-012-0813-1&rft.issn=1432-1246&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=I.+B.&rft.au=Alipour%2C+A.&rft.au=Hagberg%2C+J.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+I.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3722445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/bystander-effect">"Bystander Effect"</a>. <i>www.psychologytoday.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422214413/https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/bystander-effect">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.psychologytoday.com&rft.atitle=Bystander+Effect&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fus%2Fbasics%2Fbystander-effect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/bystander-effect">"Bystander Effect"</a>. <i>www.psychologytoday.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422214413/https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/bystander-effect">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.psychologytoday.com&rft.atitle=Bystander+Effect&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fus%2Fbasics%2Fbystander-effect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanderbiltAugustyn2010" class="citation journal cs1">Vanderbilt D, Augustyn M (2010). "The effects of bullying". <i>Paediatrics and Child Health</i>. <b>20</b> (7): 315–320. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.paed.2010.03.008">10.1016/j.paed.2010.03.008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paediatrics+and+Child+Health&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+bullying&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=315-320&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.paed.2010.03.008&rft.aulast=Vanderbilt&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.au=Augustyn%2C+Marilyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreou_E.2000" class="citation journal cs1">Andreou E. (2000). "Bully/victim problems and their association with psychological constructs in 8-to 12-year-old Greek schoolchildren". <i>Aggressive Behavior</i>. <b>26</b> (1): 49–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-2337%282000%2926%3A1%3C49%3A%3AAID-AB4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-M">10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(2000)26:1<49::AID-AB4>3.0.CO;2-M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aggressive+Behavior&rft.atitle=Bully%2Fvictim+problems+and+their+association+with+psychological+constructs+in+8-to+12-year-old+Greek+schoolchildren.&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-56&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291098-2337%282000%2926%3A1%3C49%3A%3AAID-AB4%3E3.0.CO%3B2-M&rft.au=Andreou+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustin_S.Joseph_S.1996" class="citation journal cs1">Austin S., Joseph S. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1996.tb01211.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed">"Assessment of bully/victim problems in 8 to 11 year-olds"</a>. <i>British Journal of Educational Psychology</i>. <b>66</b> (4): 447–456. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.2044-8279.1996.tb01211.x">10.1111/j.2044-8279.1996.tb01211.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9008423">9008423</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022201452/https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1996.tb01211.x?sid=nlm:pubmed">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Educational+Psychology&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+bully%2Fvictim+problems+in+8+to+11+year-olds.&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=447-456&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.2044-8279.1996.tb01211.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9008423&rft.au=Austin+S.&rft.au=Joseph+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1111%2Fj.2044-8279.1996.tb01211.x%3Fsid%3Dnlm%253Apubmed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallaghan_S.Joseph_S.1995" class="citation journal cs1">Callaghan S., Joseph S. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/019188699400127E">"Self-concept and peer victimization among schoolchildren"</a>. <i>Personality and Individual Differences</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 161–163. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0191-8869%2894%2900127-E">10.1016/0191-8869(94)00127-E</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022201450/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/019188699400127E">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.atitle=Self-concept+and+peer+victimization+among+schoolchildren.&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=161-163&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0191-8869%2894%2900127-E&rft.au=Callaghan+S.&rft.au=Joseph+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2F019188699400127E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeary_A.Joseph_S.1994" class="citation journal cs1">Neary A., Joseph S. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0191886994901228">"Peer victimization and its relationship to self-concept and depression among schoolgirls"</a>. <i>Personality and Individual Differences</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 183–186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0191-8869%2894%2990122-8">10.1016/0191-8869(94)90122-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022201454/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0191886994901228">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.atitle=Peer+victimization+and+its+relationship+to+self-concept+and+depression+among+schoolgirls.&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=183-186&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0191-8869%2894%2990122-8&rft.au=Neary+A.&rft.au=Joseph+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2F0191886994901228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurger2022" class="citation journal cs1">Burger C (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517355">"Humor styles, bullying victimization and psychological school adjustment: Mediation, moderation and person-oriented analyses"</a>. <i>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</i>. <b>19</b> (18): 11415. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph191811415">10.3390/ijerph191811415</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1661-7827">1661-7827</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517355">9517355</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36141686">36141686</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Research+and+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Humor+styles%2C+bullying+victimization+and+psychological+school+adjustment%3A+Mediation%2C+moderation+and+person-oriented+analyses&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=11415&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9517355%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1661-7827&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36141686&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fijerph191811415&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9517355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131125190018/http://www.abc.tcd.ie/">"Anti-Bullying Centre"</a>. <i>Trinity College Dublin</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.tcd.ie/">the original</a> on 2013-11-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trinity+College+Dublin&rft.atitle=Anti-Bullying+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.tcd.ie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WilliamsForgas2013-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WilliamsForgas2013_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKipling_D._WilliamsJoseph_P._ForgasWilliam_Von_Hippel2013" class="citation book cs1">Kipling D. Williams, Joseph P. Forgas, William Von Hippel (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FHWhtvCm5LAC&pg=PR2"><i>The Social Outcast: Ostracism, Social Exclusion, Rejection, and Bullying</i></a>. Psychology Press. pp. 2–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-42338-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-42338-4"><bdi>978-1-135-42338-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103014229/http://books.google.com/books?id=FHWhtvCm5LAC&pg=PR2">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Social+Outcast%3A+Ostracism%2C+Social+Exclusion%2C+Rejection%2C+and+Bullying&rft.pages=2-&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-135-42338-4&rft.au=Kipling+D.+Williams&rft.au=Joseph+P.+Forgas&rft.au=William+Von+Hippel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFHWhtvCm5LAC%26pg%3DPR2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArsenaultWalsh,_ElizabethTrzesniewski,_Kali2006" class="citation journal cs1">Arsenault LP, Walsh, Elizabeth, Trzesniewski, Kali, et al. (July 2006). "Bullying Victimization Uniquely Contributes to Adjustment Problems in Young Children: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study". <i>Pediatrics</i>. <b>118</b> (1): 130–138. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2005-2388">10.1542/peds.2005-2388</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-4005">0031-4005</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16818558">16818558</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28961503">28961503</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Bullying+Victimization+Uniquely+Contributes+to+Adjustment+Problems+in+Young+Children%3A+A+Nationally+Representative+Cohort+Study&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=130-138&rft.date=2006-07&rft.issn=0031-4005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28961503%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16818558&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.2005-2388&rft.aulast=Arsenault&rft.aufirst=Louise+PhD&rft.au=Walsh%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Trzesniewski%2C+Kali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brandwatch.com/reports/uk-mental-health-study/">"UK Mental Health Study"</a>. <i>Brandwatch</i>. Brandwatch, Ditch the Label. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180515043712/https://www.brandwatch.com/reports/uk-mental-health-study/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brandwatch&rft.atitle=UK+Mental+Health+Study&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brandwatch.com%2Freports%2Fuk-mental-health-study%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim_YSLeventhal_B2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kim YS, Leventhal B (2008). "Bullying and suicide. A review". <i>International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health</i>. <b>20</b> (2): 133–154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2FIJAMH.2008.20.2.133">10.1515/IJAMH.2008.20.2.133</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18714552">18714552</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41651943">41651943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Adolescent+Medicine+and+Health&rft.atitle=Bullying+and+suicide.+A+review&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=133-154&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A41651943%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18714552&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2FIJAMH.2008.20.2.133&rft.au=Kim+YS&rft.au=Leventhal+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050217152258/http://www.coastkid.org/si-sob.html">"coastkid.org"</a>. <i>www.coastkid.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coastkid.org/si-sob.html">the original</a> on February 17, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.coastkid.org&rft.atitle=coastkid.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coastkid.org%2Fsi-sob.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120072457/http://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects">"Effects of Bullying"</a>. <i>www.stopbullying.gov</i>. September 24, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stopbullying.gov/bullying/effects">the original</a> on November 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stopbullying.gov&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Bullying&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stopbullying.gov%2Fbullying%2Feffects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunstein_KlomekMarroccoKleinmanSschonfeld2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anat_Brunstein_Klomek" title="Anat Brunstein Klomek">Brunstein Klomek A</a>, Marrocco F, Kleinman M, Sschonfeld IS, Gould MS (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_pubs/309">"Bullying, Depression, and Suicidality in Adolescents"</a>. <i>Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry</i>. <b>46</b> (1): 40–49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.chi.0000242237.84925.18">10.1097/01.chi.0000242237.84925.18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0890-8567">0890-8567</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17195728">17195728</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515223720/https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_pubs/309/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Academy+of+Child+%26+Adolescent+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Bullying%2C+Depression%2C+and+Suicidality+in+Adolescents&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=40-49&rft.date=2007-01&rft.issn=0890-8567&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17195728&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.chi.0000242237.84925.18&rft.aulast=Brunstein+Klomek&rft.aufirst=Anat&rft.au=Marrocco%2C+Frank&rft.au=Kleinman%2C+Marjorie&rft.au=Sschonfeld%2C+Irvin+S.&rft.au=Gould%2C+Madelyn+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademicworks.cuny.edu%2Fcc_pubs%2F309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaltiala-HeinoFröjdMarttunen2009" class="citation journal cs1">Kaltiala-Heino R, Fröjd S, Marttunen M (2009-07-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/20289">"Involvement in bullying and depression in a 2-year follow-up in middle adolescence"</a>. <i>European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 45–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00787-009-0039-2">10.1007/s00787-009-0039-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1018-8827">1018-8827</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19588185">19588185</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23077909">23077909</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515225116/https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/20289">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Child+%26+Adolescent+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=Involvement+in+bullying+and+depression+in+a+2-year+follow-up+in+middle+adolescence&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-55&rft.date=2009-07-09&rft.issn=1018-8827&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23077909%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19588185&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00787-009-0039-2&rft.aulast=Kaltiala-Heino&rft.aufirst=Riittakerttu&rft.au=Fr%C3%B6jd%2C+Sari&rft.au=Marttunen%2C+Mauri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssoar.info%2Fssoar%2Fhandle%2Fdocument%2F20289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_82-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFekkesPijpersVerloove-Vanhorick2005" class="citation journal cs1">Fekkes M, Pijpers FI, Verloove-Vanhorick SP (2005-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fher%2Fcyg100">"Bullying: who does what, when and where? Involvement of children, teachers and parents in bullying behavior"</a>. <i>Health Education Research</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 81–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fher%2Fcyg100">10.1093/her/cyg100</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0268-1153">0268-1153</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15253993">15253993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Education+Research&rft.atitle=Bullying%3A+who+does+what%2C+when+and+where%3F+Involvement+of+children%2C+teachers+and+parents+in+bullying+behavior&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-91&rft.date=2005-02-01&rft.issn=0268-1153&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15253993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fher%2Fcyg100&rft.aulast=Fekkes&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Pijpers%2C+F.+I.+M.&rft.au=Verloove-Vanhorick%2C+S.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fher%252Fcyg100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHepburnAzraelMolnarMiller2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hepburn L, Azrael D, Molnar B, Miller M (July 2012). "Bullying and Suicidal Behaviors Among Urban High School Youth". <i>Journal of Adolescent Health</i>. <b>51</b> (1): 93–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2011.12.014">10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.014</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1054-139X">1054-139X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22727083">22727083</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Bullying+and+Suicidal+Behaviors+Among+Urban+High+School+Youth&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=93-95&rft.date=2012-07&rft.issn=1054-139X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22727083&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2011.12.014&rft.aulast=Hepburn&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.au=Azrael%2C+Deborah&rft.au=Molnar%2C+Beth&rft.au=Miller%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fine-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fine_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/men-who-tormented-suicide-waitress-brodie-panlock-fined/news-story/45a1de04af03cae09f0b6afc9ebd76c2">"Men who tormented suicide waitress Brodie Panlock fined"</a>. <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. 2010-02-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170827090418/http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/men-who-tormented-suicide-waitress-brodie-panlock-fined/news-story/45a1de04af03cae09f0b6afc9ebd76c2">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Men+who+tormented+suicide+waitress+Brodie+Panlock+fined&rft.date=2010-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fmen-who-tormented-suicide-waitress-brodie-panlock-fined%2Fnews-story%2F45a1de04af03cae09f0b6afc9ebd76c2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jessicahaffer.com/">"Jessica Kassandra Haffer"</a>. Keith & Jeralyn Haffer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104102027/http://jessicahaffer.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jessica+Kassandra+Haffer&rft.pub=Keith+%26+Jeralyn+Haffer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jessicahaffer.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/bc2/hamed/">"Hamed Nastoh"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029222924/http://www.angelfire.com/bc2/hamed/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamed+Nastoh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.angelfire.com%2Fbc2%2Fhamed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrzegorek2010" class="citation web cs1">Grzegorek V (2010-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2010/08/23/family-of-sladjana-vidovic-16-year-old-who-committed-suicide-suing-mentor-schools">"Family of Sladjana Vidovic, 16-Year-Old Who Committed Suicide, Suing Mentor Schools"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211127165514/https://www.clevescene.com/scene-and-heard/archives/2010/08/23/family-of-sladjana-vidovic-16-year-old-who-committed-suicide-suing-mentor-schools">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Family+of+Sladjana+Vidovic%2C+16-Year-Old+Who+Committed+Suicide%2C+Suing+Mentor+Schools&rft.date=2010-08-23&rft.aulast=Grzegorek&rft.aufirst=Vince&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clevescene.com%2Fscene-and-heard%2Farchives%2F2010%2F08%2F23%2Ffamily-of-sladjana-vidovic-16-year-old-who-committed-suicide-suing-mentor-schools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaruso" class="citation web cs1">Caruso K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suicide.org/memorials/april-himes.html">"April Himes Memorial"</a>. <i>Suicide.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121227145112/http://www.suicide.org/memorials/april-himes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-12-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Suicide.org&rft.atitle=April+Himes+Memorial&rft.aulast=Caruso&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suicide.org%2Fmemorials%2Fapril-himes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2013" class="citation news cs1">McLaughlin EC (2013-08-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/30/us/montana-teacher-rape-victim-profile/index.html">"Montana teen loved pit bulls, poetry before rape and suicide"</a>. U.S. <i>CNN</i>. Cable News Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017010102/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/30/us/montana-teacher-rape-victim-profile/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Montana+teen+loved+pit+bulls%2C+poetry+before+rape+and+suicide&rft.date=2013-08-30&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Elliot+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2013%2F08%2F30%2Fus%2Fmontana-teacher-rape-victim-profile%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearce2013" class="citation news cs1">Pearce M (2013-09-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-florida-cyberbullying-20130912,0,1429218.story#axzz2j8q54wL8">"Florida girl, 12, found dead after bullies said 'kill yourself'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. U.S.: Nation Now. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030125706/http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-florida-cyberbullying-20130912%2C0%2C1429218.story#axzz2j8q54wL8">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Florida+girl%2C+12%2C+found+dead+after+bullies+said+%27kill+yourself%27&rft.date=2013-09-12&rft.aulast=Pearce&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fnationnow%2Fla-na-nn-florida-cyberbullying-20130912%2C0%2C1429218.story%23axzz2j8q54wL8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180315013632/https://nobullying.com/bullying-suicide-statistics/">"bullying suicide statistics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobullying.com/bullying-suicide-statistics/">the original</a> on 2018-03-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=bullying+suicide+statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobullying.com%2Fbullying-suicide-statistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110160827/http://www.careforkids.com.au/childcarenews/2010/july/bullying.html">"Positive Anti-Bullying Strategies"</a>. <i>CareforKids.com.au®</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.careforkids.com.au/childcarenews/2010/july/bullying.html">the original</a> on November 10, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CareforKids.com.au%C2%AE&rft.atitle=Positive+Anti-Bullying+Strategies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.careforkids.com.au%2Fchildcarenews%2F2010%2Fjuly%2Fbullying.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaillancourt2009" class="citation journal cs1">Vaillancourt T (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fab.20288">"Androgen dynamics in the context of children's peer relations: an examination of the links between testosterone and peer victimization"</a>. <i>Aggressive Behavior</i>. <b>35</b> (1): 103–113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fab.20288">10.1002/ab.20288</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19021234">19021234</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aggressive+Behavior&rft.atitle=Androgen+dynamics+in+the+context+of+children%27s+peer+relations%3A+an+examination+of+the+links+between+testosterone+and+peer+victimization&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103-113&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fab.20288&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19021234&rft.aulast=Vaillancourt&rft.aufirst=T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fab.20288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChabrol_H.Van_Leeuwen_N.Rodgers_R.Séjourné_S.2009" class="citation journal cs1">Chabrol H., Van Leeuwen N., Rodgers R., Séjourné S. (2009). "Contributions of psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic personality traits to juvenile delinquency". <i>Personality and Individual Differences</i>. <b>47</b> (7): 734–739. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.paid.2009.06.020">10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.atitle=Contributions+of+psychopathic%2C+narcissistic%2C+Machiavellian%2C+and+sadistic+personality+traits+to+juvenile+delinquency&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=734-739&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.paid.2009.06.020&rft.au=Chabrol+H.&rft.au=Van+Leeuwen+N.&rft.au=Rodgers+R.&rft.au=S%C3%A9journ%C3%A9+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_95-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaughmanDearingGiammarcoVernon2012" class="citation journal cs1">Baughman HM, Dearing S, Giammarco E, Vernon PA (2012-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886911005423">"Relationships between bullying behaviours and the Dark Triad: A study with adults"</a>. <i>Personality and Individual Differences</i>. <b>52</b> (5): 571–575. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.paid.2011.11.020">10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.020</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0191-8869">0191-8869</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150813201653/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886911005423">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-08-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.atitle=Relationships+between+bullying+behaviours+and+the+Dark+Triad%3A+A+study+with+adults&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=571-575&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.paid.2011.11.020&rft.issn=0191-8869&rft.aulast=Baughman&rft.aufirst=Holly+M.&rft.au=Dearing%2C+Sylvia&rft.au=Giammarco%2C+Erica&rft.au=Vernon%2C+Philip+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0191886911005423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodboyMartin2015" class="citation journal cs1">Goodboy AK, Martin MM (2015-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563215001739">"The personality profile of a cyberbully: Examining the Dark Triad"</a>. <i>Computers in Human Behavior</i>. <b>49</b>: 1–4. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chb.2015.02.052">10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.052</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0747-5632">0747-5632</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422214530/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0747563215001739">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+in+Human+Behavior&rft.atitle=The+personality+profile+of+a+cyberbully%3A+Examining+the+Dark+Triad&rft.volume=49&rft.pages=1-4&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.chb.2015.02.052&rft.issn=0747-5632&rft.aulast=Goodboy&rft.aufirst=Alan+K.&rft.au=Martin%2C+Matthew+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0747563215001739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Gilbert, <i>Overcoming Depression</i> (1999) pp.<span class="nowrap"> </span>185–186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-micro_and_macro_projection-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-micro_and_macro_projection_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl G. Jung ed., <i>Man and his Symbols</i> (London 1978) pp.<span class="nowrap"> </span>181–182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayerRobertsBarasade2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mayer J, Roberts R, Barasade S (2008). "Human abilities: Emotional intelligence". <i><a href="/wiki/Annual_Review_of_Psychology" title="Annual Review of Psychology">Annual Review of Psychology</a></i>. <b>59</b> (1): 507–536. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.psych.59.103006.093646">10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093646</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17937602">17937602</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11801336">11801336</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Human+abilities%3A+Emotional+intelligence&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=507-536&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11801336%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17937602&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.psych.59.103006.093646&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+R.D&rft.au=Barasade%2C+S.G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tolegenova-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tolegenova_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolegenovaJakupovChungSaduova2012" class="citation journal cs1">Tolegenova A, Jakupov S, Chung MC, Saduova S, Jakupov M (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sbspro.2012.12.142">"A Theoretical Formation of Emotional Intelligence and Childhood Trauma among Adolescents"</a>. <i>Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences</i>. <b>69</b>: 1891–1894. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sbspro.2012.12.142">10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.142</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Procedia+%E2%80%93+Social+and+Behavioral+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+Theoretical+Formation+of+Emotional+Intelligence+and+Childhood+Trauma+among+Adolescents&rft.volume=69&rft.pages=1891-1894&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.sbspro.2012.12.142&rft.aulast=Tolegenova&rft.aufirst=A.A.&rft.au=Jakupov%2C+S.M.&rft.au=Chung%2C+Man+Cheung&rft.au=Saduova%2C+S.&rft.au=Jakupov%2C+M.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.sbspro.2012.12.142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMckennaWebb2013" class="citation journal cs1">Mckenna J, Webb J (2013). "Emotional intelligence". <i>British Journal of Occupational Therapy</i>. <b>76</b> (12): 560. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030802261307601202">10.1177/030802261307601202</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:208741104">208741104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Occupational+Therapy&rft.atitle=Emotional+intelligence&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=560&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F030802261307601202&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A208741104%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mckenna&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Webb%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKokkinosAntoniadouAsdreVoulgaridou2016" class="citation journal cs1">Kokkinos CM, Antoniadou N, Asdre A, Voulgaridou K (2016). "Parenting and internet behavior predictors of cyber-bullying and cyber-victimization among preadolescents". <i>Deviant Behavior</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 439–455. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01639625.2015.1060087">10.1080/01639625.2015.1060087</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0163-9625">0163-9625</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146951404">146951404</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deviant+Behavior&rft.atitle=Parenting+and+internet+behavior+predictors+of+cyber-bullying+and+cyber-victimization+among+preadolescents&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=439-455&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146951404%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0163-9625&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01639625.2015.1060087&rft.aulast=Kokkinos&rft.aufirst=CM&rft.au=Antoniadou%2C+N&rft.au=Asdre%2C+A&rft.au=Voulgaridou%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarlettDeWittMaronnaJohnson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Barlett CP, DeWitt CC, Maronna B, Johnson K (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2Fvio.2017.0057">"Social media use as a tool to facilitate or reduce cyberbullying perpetration: A review focusing on anonymous and nonanonymous social media platforms"</a>. <i>Violence and Gender</i>. <b>5</b> (vio.2017.0057): 147–152. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1089%2Fvio.2017.0057">10.1089/vio.2017.0057</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2326-7836">2326-7836</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240271795">240271795</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Violence+and+Gender&rft.atitle=Social+media+use+as+a+tool+to+facilitate+or+reduce+cyberbullying+perpetration%3A+A+review+focusing+on+anonymous+and+nonanonymous+social+media+platforms&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=vio.2017.0057&rft.pages=147-152&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240271795%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2326-7836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1089%2Fvio.2017.0057&rft.aulast=Barlett&rft.aufirst=CP&rft.au=DeWitt%2C+CC&rft.au=Maronna%2C+B&rft.au=Johnson%2C+K&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1089%252Fvio.2017.0057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BoltonGraeve2005-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BoltonGraeve2005_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJose_BoltonStan_Graeve2005" class="citation book cs1">Jose Bolton, Stan Graeve (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noroomforbullies0000bolt"><i>No Room for Bullies: From the Classroom to Cyberspace</i></a></span>. Boys Town Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-889322-67-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-889322-67-4"><bdi>978-1-889322-67-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Room+for+Bullies%3A+From+the+Classroom+to+Cyberspace&rft.pub=Boys+Town+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-889322-67-4&rft.au=Jose+Bolton&rft.au=Stan+Graeve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnoroomforbullies0000bolt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuxtonJuneFairall2012" class="citation journal cs1">Luxton DD, June JD, Fairall JM (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3477910">"Social media and suicide: a public health perspective"</a>. <i>Am J Public Health</i>. <b>102</b> (Suppl 2): S195–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2011.300608">10.2105/AJPH.2011.300608</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3477910">3477910</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22401525">22401525</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am+J+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Social+media+and+suicide%3A+a+public+health+perspective&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.pages=S195-200&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3477910%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22401525&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2FAJPH.2011.300608&rft.aulast=Luxton&rft.aufirst=DD&rft.au=June%2C+JD&rft.au=Fairall%2C+JM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3477910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quarmby2011-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Quarmby2011_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatherine_Quarmby2011" class="citation book cs1">Katherine Quarmby (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lglMYgEACAAJ"><i>Scapegoat: Why We Are Failing Disabled People</i></a>. Portobello Books Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84627-321-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84627-321-6"><bdi>978-1-84627-321-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101120453/http://books.google.com/books?id=lglMYgEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scapegoat%3A+Why+We+Are+Failing+Disabled+People&rft.pub=Portobello+Books+Limited&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84627-321-6&rft.au=Katherine+Quarmby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlglMYgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sainsbury2009-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sainsbury2009_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClare_Sainsbury2009" class="citation book cs1">Clare Sainsbury (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TbGwEaH8eAIC"><i>Martian in the Playground: Understanding the Schoolchild with Asperger's Syndrome</i></a>. Sage Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4462-4398-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4462-4398-5"><bdi>978-1-4462-4398-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101120424/http://books.google.com/books?id=TbGwEaH8eAIC">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Martian+in+the+Playground%3A+Understanding+the+Schoolchild+with+Asperger%27s+Syndrome&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4462-4398-5&rft.au=Clare+Sainsbury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTbGwEaH8eAIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Attwood2006-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Attwood2006_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTony_Attwood2006" class="citation book cs1">Tony Attwood (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoa00attw"><i>The Complete Guide to Asperger's Syndrome</i></a></span>. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeguidetoa00attw/page/95">95</a>–111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84310-495-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84310-495-7"><bdi>978-1-84310-495-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Asperger%27s+Syndrome&rft.pages=95-111&rft.pub=Jessica+Kingsley+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84310-495-7&rft.au=Tony+Attwood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteguidetoa00attw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirby2002-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kirby2002_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmanda_Kirby2002" class="citation book cs1">Amanda Kirby (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=so-3-vIf0lkC"><i>Dyspraxia: The Hidden Handicap</i></a>. Souvenir Press. pp. 106–113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-285-63512-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-285-63512-8"><bdi>978-0-285-63512-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101120440/http://books.google.com/books?id=so-3-vIf0lkC">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dyspraxia%3A+The+Hidden+Handicap&rft.pages=106-113&rft.pub=Souvenir+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-285-63512-8&rft.au=Amanda+Kirby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dso-3-vIf0lkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brookes2005-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brookes2005_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoff_Brookes2005" class="citation book cs1">Geoff Brookes (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wZDqe-SckjIC"><i>Dyspraxia</i></a>. Continuum. pp. 43–46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7581-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7581-7"><bdi>978-0-8264-7581-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101120352/http://books.google.com/books?id=wZDqe-SckjIC">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dyspraxia&rft.pages=43-46&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-7581-7&rft.au=Geoff+Brookes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwZDqe-SckjIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berlan_et_al.,_2010-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Berlan_et_al.,_2010_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerlanCorlissFieldGoodman2010" class="citation journal cs1">Berlan ED, Corliss HL, Field AE, Goodman E, Austin SB (2010-01-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/jah/article/S1054-139X(09)00647-8/fulltext">"Sexual Orientation and Bullying Among Adolescents in the Growing Up Today Study"</a>. <i>Journal of Adolescent Health</i>. <b>46</b> (4): 366–371. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2009.10.015">10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.10.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2844864">2844864</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20307826">20307826</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422214404/https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(09)00647-8/abstract">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adolescent+Health&rft.atitle=Sexual+Orientation+and+Bullying+Among+Adolescents+in+the+Growing+Up+Today+Study&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=366-371&rft.date=2010-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2844864%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20307826&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2009.10.015&rft.aulast=Berlan&rft.aufirst=Elise+D.&rft.au=Corliss%2C+Heather+L.&rft.au=Field%2C+Alison+E.&rft.au=Goodman%2C+Elizabeth&rft.au=Austin%2C+S.+Bryn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.elsevierhealth.com%2Fperiodicals%2Fjah%2Farticle%2FS1054-139X%2809%2900647-8%2Ffulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2017" class="citation journal cs1">Meyer D (2017). "The Disregarding of Heteronormativity: Emphasizing a Happy Queer Adulthood and Localizing Anti-Queer Violence to Adolescent Schools". <i>Sexuality Research & Social Policy</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 331–344. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13178-016-0272-7">10.1007/s13178-016-0272-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151482192">151482192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexuality+Research+%26+Social+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Disregarding+of+Heteronormativity%3A+Emphasizing+a+Happy+Queer+Adulthood+and+Localizing+Anti-Queer+Violence+to+Adolescent+Schools&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=331-344&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13178-016-0272-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151482192%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Doug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDannatt2008" class="citation book cs1">Dannatt SR (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130817150435/http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/v_s_of_the_british_army.pdf">"Lawful: Paragraph 20"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Values and Standards of the British Army</i>. British Army. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/v_s_of_the_british_army.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-08-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lawful%3A+Paragraph+20&rft.btitle=Values+and+Standards+of+the+British+Army&rft.pub=British+Army&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Dannatt&rft.aufirst=Sir+Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.mod.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fgeneral%2Fv_s_of_the_british_army.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CallaghanKernic2003-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CallaghanKernic2003_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_M._CallaghanFranz_Kernic2003" class="citation book cs1">Jean M. Callaghan, Franz Kernic (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tvnCKuSdOEwC&pg=PA19">"Chapter 2: "Social Psychology" of the Individual Soldier"</a>. <i>Armed Forces and International Security: Global Trends and Issues</i>. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 19–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-7227-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-7227-4"><bdi>978-3-8258-7227-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101120837/http://books.google.com/books?id=tvnCKuSdOEwC&pg=PA19">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+%22Social+Psychology%22+of+the+Individual+Soldier&rft.btitle=Armed+Forces+and+International+Security%3A+Global+Trends+and+Issues&rft.pages=19-&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag+M%C3%BCnster&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-8258-7227-4&rft.au=Jean+M.+Callaghan&rft.au=Franz+Kernic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtvnCKuSdOEwC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-parent_bullying-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-parent_bullying_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPriesnitz" class="citation web cs1">Priesnitz W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031134551/http://www.naturalchildmagazine.com/news/parental_bullying_creates_bullies.htm">"Parental Bullying Creates Bullies"</a>. <i>Natural Child Magazine</i>. Wendy Priesnitz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naturalchildmagazine.com/news/parental_bullying_creates_bullies.htm">the original</a> on 2013-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Natural+Child+Magazine&rft.atitle=Parental+Bullying+Creates+Bullies&rft.aulast=Priesnitz&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naturalchildmagazine.com%2Fnews%2Fparental_bullying_creates_bullies.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APA_on_parental_bullying-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APA_on_parental_bullying_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/bullying.aspx">"Bullying: How parents, teachers, and kids can take action to prevent bullying"</a>. <i>American Psychological Association</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128164004/http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/bullying.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Psychological+Association&rft.atitle=Bullying%3A+How+parents%2C+teachers%2C+and+kids+can+take+action+to+prevent+bullying&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fhelpcenter%2Fbullying.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dx.doi.org-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dx.doi.org_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dx.doi.org_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dx.doi.org_117-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgerStrohmeierKollerová2022" class="citation journal cs1">Burger C, Strohmeier D, Kollerová L (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9596519">"Teachers can make a difference in bullying: Effects of teacher interventions on students' adoption of bully, victim, bully-victim or defender roles across time"</a>. <i>Journal of Youth and Adolescence</i>. <b>51</b> (12): 2312–2327. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10964-022-01674-6">10.1007/s10964-022-01674-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2891">0047-2891</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9596519">9596519</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36053439">36053439</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252009527">252009527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Youth+and+Adolescence&rft.atitle=Teachers+can+make+a+difference+in+bullying%3A+Effects+of+teacher+interventions+on+students%27+adoption+of+bully%2C+victim%2C+bully-victim+or+defender+roles+across+time&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2312-2327&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9596519%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252009527%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10964-022-01674-6&rft.issn=0047-2891&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36053439&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Strohmeier%2C+D&rft.au=Kollerov%C3%A1%2C+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9596519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoonKerber2003" class="citation journal cs1">Yoon JS, Kerber K (2003). "Bullying: Elementary teachers' attitudes and intervention strategies". <i>Research in Education</i>. <b>69</b> (1): 27–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7227%2Frie.69.3">10.7227/rie.69.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0034-5237">0034-5237</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219984495">219984495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+Education&rft.atitle=Bullying%3A+Elementary+teachers%27+attitudes+and+intervention+strategies&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-35&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219984495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0034-5237&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7227%2Frie.69.3&rft.aulast=Yoon&rft.aufirst=JS&rft.au=Kerber%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GarbarinodeLara2003-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GarbarinodeLara2003_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_GarbarinoEllen_deLara2003" class="citation book cs1">James Garbarino, Ellen deLara (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/andwordscanhurtf00garb"><i>And Words Can Hurt Forever: How to Protect Adolescents from Bullying, Harassment, and Emotional Violence</i></a></span>. Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2899-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2899-2"><bdi>978-0-7432-2899-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=And+Words+Can+Hurt+Forever%3A+How+to+Protect+Adolescents+from+Bullying%2C+Harassment%2C+and+Emotional+Violence&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-2899-2&rft.au=James+Garbarino&rft.au=Ellen+deLara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fandwordscanhurtf00garb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitted2005" class="citation cs2">Witted KS (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3874&context=utk_graddiss">"Student Reports of Physical and Psychological Maltreatment in Schools: An Under Explored Aspect of Student Victimization in Schools"</a>, <i>PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031121558/http://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3874&context=utk_graddiss">archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PhD+dissertation%2C+University+of+Tennessee&rft.atitle=Student+Reports+of+Physical+and+Psychological+Maltreatment+in+Schools%3A+An+Under+Explored+Aspect+of+Student+Victimization+in+Schools&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Witted&rft.aufirst=Kathryn+Suzanne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrace.tennessee.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D3874%26context%3Dutk_graddiss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittedDupper2007" class="citation journal cs1">Whitted KS, Dupper DR (2007). "Do Teachers Bully Students?: Findings From a Survey of Students in an Alternative Education Setting". <i>Education and Urban Society</i>. <b>40</b> (3): 329–341. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0013124507304487">10.1177/0013124507304487</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143894407">143894407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Education+and+Urban+Society&rft.atitle=Do+Teachers+Bully+Students%3F%3A+Findings+From+a+Survey+of+Students+in+an+Alternative+Education+Setting&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=329-341&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0013124507304487&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143894407%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Whitted&rft.aufirst=K.+S.&rft.au=Dupper%2C+D.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ottawacommunitynews.com/news-story/6773614-family-wins-precedent-setting-case-against-public-school-board/">"Ottawa News | Latest Information, Updates & Articles | Ottawa Citizen"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170210080755/http://www.ottawacommunitynews.com/news-story/6773614-family-wins-precedent-setting-case-against-public-school-board/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ottawa+News+%26%23124%3B+Latest+Information%2C+Updates+%26+Articles+%26%23124%3B+Ottawa+Citizen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ottawacommunitynews.com%2Fnews-story%2F6773614-family-wins-precedent-setting-case-against-public-school-board%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NSPCC02-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NSPCC02_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://w1.qehs.net/moodle2/pluginfile.php/10744/mod_resource/content/1/Sexual%20bullying.pdf">"The NSPCC working definition of Sexual Bullying"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Society_for_the_Prevention_of_Cruelty_to_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children">NSPCC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220065205/http://w1.qehs.net/moodle2/pluginfile.php/10744/mod_resource/content/1/Sexual%20bullying.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+NSPCC+working+definition+of+Sexual+Bullying&rft.pub=NSPCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fw1.qehs.net%2Fmoodle2%2Fpluginfile.php%2F10744%2Fmod_resource%2Fcontent%2F1%2FSexual%2520bullying.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,20774504-5005961,00.html">Guilty plea over transsexual bashing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080502173830/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0%2C21985%2C20774504-5005961%2C00.html">Archived</a> 2008-05-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By Mariza O'Keefe in <i>Herald Sun</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayner, C. & Keashley, L. (2005). Bullying at work: A perspective from Britain and North America. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (eds.) Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 271-296). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rayner, C., & Cooper, C. L. (2006). Workplace Bullying. In Kelloway, E., Barling, J. & Hurrell Jr., J. (eds.), Handbook of workplace violence (pp. 47-90). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=workplace+bullying&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1990&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4;,workplace+bullying;,c0;,s0;;workplace+bullying;,c0;;Workplace+Bullying;,c0;;Workplace+bullying;,c0">"Google Books Ngram Viewer"</a>. <i>books.google.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220121060835/https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=workplace+bullying&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1990&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2Cworkplace+bullying%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bworkplace+bullying%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BWorkplace+Bullying%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BWorkplace+bullying%3B%2Cc0">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=books.google.com&rft.atitle=Google+Books+Ngram+Viewer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fngrams%2Fgraph%3Fcontent%3Dworkplace%2Bbullying%26case_insensitive%3Don%26year_start%3D1990%26year_end%3D2008%26corpus%3D15%26smoothing%3D3%26share%3D%26direct_url%3Dt4%3B%2Cworkplace%2Bbullying%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bworkplace%2Bbullying%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BWorkplace%2BBullying%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BWorkplace%2Bbullying%3B%2Cc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Adams" title="Andrea Adams">Adams, Andrea</a> with contributions from Crawford, Neil <i>Bullying at Work: How to Confront and Overcome It</i> (1992)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ramsay, S., Troth, A & Branch, S. (2010). Work-place bullying: A group processes framework <i>Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(4), 799-816.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillenSinclairKernohanBegley2017" class="citation journal cs1">Gillen PA, Sinclair M, Kernohan WG, Begley CM, Luyben AG (2017-01-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464940">"Interventions for prevention of bullying in the workplace"</a>. <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>1</b> (1): CD009778. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.cd009778.pub2">10.1002/14651858.cd009778.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6464940">6464940</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28134445">28134445</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Interventions+for+prevention+of+bullying+in+the+workplace&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=CD009778&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6464940%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28134445&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.cd009778.pub2&rft.aulast=Gillen&rft.aufirst=Patricia+A&rft.au=Sinclair%2C+Marlene&rft.au=Kernohan%2C+W+George&rft.au=Begley%2C+Cecily+M&rft.au=Luyben%2C+Ans+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6464940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeashlyNeuman2010" class="citation journal cs1">Keashly L, Neuman JH (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccas.net/files/ADVANCE/Keashly_Bullying.pdf">"Faculty Experiences with Bullying in Higher Education – Causes, Consequences, and Management"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Administrative Theory & Praxis</i>. <b>32</b> (1): 48–70. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2753%2FATP1084-1806320103">10.2753/ATP1084-1806320103</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142766958">142766958</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031193910/http://www.ccas.net/files/ADVANCE/Keashly_Bullying.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2013-10-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Administrative+Theory+%26+Praxis&rft.atitle=Faculty+Experiences+with+Bullying+in+Higher+Education+%E2%80%93+Causes%2C+Consequences%2C+and+Management&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=48-70&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2753%2FATP1084-1806320103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142766958%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Keashly&rft.aufirst=Loraleigh&rft.au=Neuman%2C+Joel+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccas.net%2Ffiles%2FADVANCE%2FKeashly_Bullying.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNotelaersVermuntBaillienEinarsen2011" class="citation journal cs1">Notelaers G, Vermunt JK, Baillien E, Einarsen S, De Witte H (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unimaas.academia.edu/GuyNotelaers/Papers/278637/Exploring_Risk_Groups_and_Risk_Factors_for_Workplace_Bullying">"Exploring Risk Groups Workplace Bullying with Categorical Data"</a>. <i>Industrial Health</i>. <b>49</b> (1): 73–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2486%2Findhealth.ms1155">10.2486/indhealth.ms1155</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20823631">20823631</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425093442/http://unimaas.academia.edu/GuyNotelaers/Papers/278637/Exploring_Risk_Groups_and_Risk_Factors_for_Workplace_Bullying">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Exploring+Risk+Groups+Workplace+Bullying+with+Categorical+Data&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-88&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2486%2Findhealth.ms1155&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20823631&rft.aulast=Notelaers&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.au=Vermunt%2C+Jeroen+K.&rft.au=Baillien%2C+Elfi&rft.au=Einarsen%2C+St%C3%A5le&rft.au=De+Witte%2C+Hans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funimaas.academia.edu%2FGuyNotelaers%2FPapers%2F278637%2FExploring_Risk_Groups_and_Risk_Factors_for_Workplace_Bullying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson" class="citation web cs1">Thomson R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/IT-profession-blighted-by-bullying">"IT profession blighted by bullying"</a>. <i>ComputerWeekly.com: Feature</i>. TechTarget. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029225711/http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/IT-profession-blighted-by-bullying">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ComputerWeekly.com%3A+Feature&rft.atitle=IT+profession+blighted+by+bullying&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerweekly.com%2Ffeature%2FIT-profession-blighted-by-bullying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RichardsEdwards2008-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RichardsEdwards2008_134-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RichardsEdwards2008_134-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnn_RichardsSharon_L._Edwards2008" class="citation book cs1">Ann Richards, Sharon L. Edwards (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ytmEHQjia0AC"><i>A Nurse's Survival Guide to the Ward</i></a>. Churchill Livingstone. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-443-06897-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-443-06897-3"><bdi>978-0-443-06897-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140101122142/http://books.google.com/books?id=ytmEHQjia0AC">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nurse%27s+Survival+Guide+to+the+Ward&rft.pub=Churchill+Livingstone&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-443-06897-3&rft.au=Ann+Richards&rft.au=Sharon+L.+Edwards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DytmEHQjia0AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001112/http://www.unswlawjournal.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/t1_le_mire_and_owens.pdf">"Le Mire, Suzanne; Owens, Rosemary <i>A propitious moment?: Workplace bullying and regulation of the legal profession</i> University of New South Wales Law Journal, The Volume 37 Issue 3 (Dec 2014)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unswlawjournal.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/t1_le_mire_and_owens.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 1, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Mire%2C+Suzanne%3B+Owens%2C+Rosemary+A+propitious+moment%3F%3A+Workplace+bullying+and+regulation+of+the+legal+profession+University+of+New+South+Wales+Law+Journal%2C+The+Volume+37+Issue+3+%28Dec+2014%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unswlawjournal.unsw.edu.au%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ft1_le_mire_and_owens.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journalonline.co.uk/News/1009923.aspx">Society publishes guidance on tackling bullying in solicitor profession</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001313/http://www.journalonline.co.uk/News/1009923.aspx">Archived</a> 2015-02-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Journal of the Law Society of Scotland 27 June 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nursingworld.org/Bullying-Workplace-Violence">"Violence, Incivility, & Bullying"</a>. American Nurses Association. 14 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211085028/http://www.nursingworld.org/Bullying-Workplace-Violence">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Violence%2C+Incivility%2C+%26+Bullying&rft.pub=American+Nurses+Association&rft.date=2017-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nursingworld.org%2FBullying-Workplace-Violence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDellasega2009" class="citation journal cs1">Dellasega CA (2009). "Bullying Among Nurses". <i>American Journal of Nursing</i>. <b>109</b> (1): 52–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F01.NAJ.0000344039.11651.08">10.1097/01.NAJ.0000344039.11651.08</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19112267">19112267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Nursing&rft.atitle=Bullying+Among+Nurses&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=52-58&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F01.NAJ.0000344039.11651.08&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19112267&rft.aulast=Dellasega&rft.aufirst=Cheryl+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/kids-attack-bully-robot-japanese-mall-danger-avoidance-ai-2015-8?IR=T">"Scientists are teaching robots to avoid children – because kids can be surprisingly mean"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220404190414/https://www.businessinsider.com/kids-attack-bully-robot-japanese-mall-danger-avoidance-ai-2015-8?IR=T">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Scientists+are+teaching+robots+to+avoid+children+%E2%80%93+because+kids+can+be+surprisingly+mean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fkids-attack-bully-robot-japanese-mall-danger-avoidance-ai-2015-8%3FIR%3DT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine2016" class="citation book cs1">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2016). Rivara F, Suzanne LM (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/catalog/23482/preventing-bullying-through-science-policy-and-practice"><i>Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_Press" title="National Academies Press">National Academies Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F23482">10.17226/23482</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-44067-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-44067-7"><bdi>978-0-309-44067-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27748087">27748087</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:156853266">156853266</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160518032731/http://www.nap.edu/catalog/23482/preventing-bullying-through-science-policy-and-practice">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preventing+Bullying+Through+Science%2C+Policy%2C+and+Practice&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F23482&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A156853266%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27748087&rft.isbn=978-0-309-44067-7&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fcatalog%2F23482%2Fpreventing-bullying-through-science-policy-and-practice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossHorner2009" class="citation journal cs1">Ross SW, Horner RH (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791686">"Bully prevention in positive behavior support"</a>. <i>Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis</i>. <b>42</b> (4): 747–759. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1901%2Fjaba.2009.42-747">10.1901/jaba.2009.42-747</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2791686">2791686</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20514181">20514181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Behavior+Analysis&rft.atitle=Bully+prevention+in+positive+behavior+support.&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=747-759&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2791686%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20514181&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1901%2Fjaba.2009.42-747&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=SW&rft.au=Horner%2C+RH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2791686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.txabc.org/">"TXABC"</a>. <i>TXABC</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231109151722/https://www.txabc.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-11-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TXABC&rft.atitle=TXABC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.txabc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWölferSchultze-KrumbholzZagorscakJäkel2014" class="citation journal cs1">Wölfer R, Schultze-Krumbholz A, Zagorscak P, Jäkel A, Göbel K, Scheithauer H (December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11121-013-0438-y">"Prevention 2.0: Targeting Cyberbullying @ School"</a>. <i>Prevention Science</i>. <b>15</b> (6): 879–887. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11121-013-0438-y">10.1007/s11121-013-0438-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1389-4986">1389-4986</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24122481">24122481</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22915480">22915480</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422214504/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-013-0438-y">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prevention+Science&rft.atitle=Prevention+2.0%3A+Targeting+Cyberbullying+%40+School&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=879-887&rft.date=2014-12&rft.issn=1389-4986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22915480%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24122481&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11121-013-0438-y&rft.aulast=W%C3%B6lfer&rft.aufirst=Ralf&rft.au=Schultze-Krumbholz%2C+Anja&rft.au=Zagorscak%2C+Pavle&rft.au=J%C3%A4kel%2C+Anne&rft.au=G%C3%B6bel%2C+Kristin&rft.au=Scheithauer%2C+Herbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2Fs11121-013-0438-y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWölferSchultze-KrumbholzZagorscakJäkel2014" class="citation journal cs1">Wölfer R, Schultze-Krumbholz A, Zagorscak P, Jäkel A, Göbel K, Scheithauer H (2014-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4869203e-568d-4ee3-973c-6c1cac275bb5">"Prevention 2.0: Targeting Cyberbullying @ School"</a>. <i>Prevention Science</i>. <b>15</b> (6): 879–887. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11121-013-0438-y">10.1007/s11121-013-0438-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-6695">1573-6695</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24122481">24122481</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22915480">22915480</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231008085752/https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4869203e-568d-4ee3-973c-6c1cac275bb5">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prevention+Science&rft.atitle=Prevention+2.0%3A+Targeting+Cyberbullying+%40+School&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=879-887&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.issn=1573-6695&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22915480%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24122481&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11121-013-0438-y&rft.aulast=W%C3%B6lfer&rft.aufirst=Ralf&rft.au=Schultze-Krumbholz%2C+Anja&rft.au=Zagorscak%2C+Pavle&rft.au=J%C3%A4kel%2C+Anne&rft.au=G%C3%B6bel%2C+Kristin&rft.au=Scheithauer%2C+Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fora.ox.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Fuuid%3A4869203e-568d-4ee3-973c-6c1cac275bb5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Craig et al., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0143034307084136">"Responding to bullying, what works"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515223942/http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0143034307084136">Archived</a> 2021-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Ci, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carleton.ca/economics/wp-content/uploads/bullying_paper_1-6.pdf">"What can be done to stop bullying among children? Evidence from Canada"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413193733/https://carleton.ca/economics/wp-content/uploads/bullying_paper_1-6.pdf">Archived</a> 2021-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bully-zero Australia Foundation, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bzaf.org.au/respond-to-bullying/">"Respond to bullying"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180526185909/http://bzaf.org.au/respond-to-bullying/">Archived</a> 2018-05-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stopbullying.gov/prevention/on-the-spot">"Respond to Bullying"</a>. <i>www.stopbullying.gov</i>. September 24, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240330191038/https://www.stopbullying.gov/prevention/on-the-spot">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stopbullying.gov&rft.atitle=Respond+to+Bullying&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stopbullying.gov%2Fprevention%2Fon-the-spot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Safe work Australia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/doc/guide-preventing-and-responding-workplace-bullying">"Guide for preventing and responding to workplace bullying"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318083255/https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/doc/guide-preventing-and-responding-workplace-bullying">Archived</a> 2021-03-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Veronica Birkett, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/bullied-dont-tell-the-teacher-1361862.html">"Bullied? Don't tell the teacher"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200528201334/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/bullied-dont-tell-the-teacher-1361862.html">Archived</a> 2020-05-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethicsinvolunteering.wordpress.com/responding-to-bullying-in-arc-unsw-sports/">"Responding to bullying in Arc UNSW sports"</a>. May 28, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515224023/https://ethicsinvolunteering.wordpress.com/responding-to-bullying-in-arc-unsw-sports/">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Responding+to+bullying+in+Arc+UNSW+sports&rft.date=2017-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fethicsinvolunteering.wordpress.com%2Fresponding-to-bullying-in-arc-unsw-sports%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABullying" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-field03-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-field03_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Field, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/house_of_representatives_committees?url=ee/bullying/subs/sub58.pdf">"The prevalence of workplace bullying in Australia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140306154727/http://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/house_of_representatives_committees?url=ee%2Fbullying%2Fsubs%2Fsub58.pdf">Archived</a> 2014-03-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Kohut MR The Complete Guide to Understanding, Controlling, and Stopping Bullies & Bullying: A Complete Guide for Teachers & Parents (2007)</li> <li><i>Bullies and Victims in Schools: a guide to understanding and management</i> by Valerie E. Besag (1989)</li> <li><i>The Fight That Never Ends</i> by Tim Brown</li> <li><i>Odd Girl Out: The Hidden Culture of Aggression in Girls</i> by Rachel Simmons <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-602734-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-602734-8">0-15-602734-8</a></li> <li><i>Bullycide, Death at Playtime</i> by Neil Marr and <a href="/wiki/Tim_Field" title="Tim Field">Tim Field</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9529121-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9529121-2-0">0-9529121-2-0</a></li> <li><i>Bullycide in America: Moms Speak Out about the Bullying/Suicide Connection</i> – by Brenda High, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bullycide.org">Bullycide.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180807172430/http://outofbullying.com/"><i>A Journey Out of Bullying: From Despair to Hope</i></a> by Patricia L. Scott</li> <li>"Peer Abuse Know More! Bullying From A Psychological Perspective" By Elizabeth Bennett</li> <li><i>New Perspectives on Bullying</i> by Ken Rigby</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Garbarino" title="James Garbarino">Garbarino, J.</a> & de Lara, E. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enotalone.com/article/5451.html"><i>And Words </i>Can<i> Hurt Forever: How to Protect Adolescents from Bullying, Harassment, and Emotional Violence.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927130613/http://www.enotalone.com/article/5451.html">Archived</a> 2011-09-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Free Press: New York.</li> <li>Joanne Scaglione, Arrica Rose Scaglione <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED493726&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED493726"><i>Bully-proofing children: a practical, hands-on guide to stop bullying</i> 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED410007&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED410007"><i>Why Is Everybody Always Picking on Me: A Guide to Handling Bullies for Young People.</i></a> by Terrence Webster-Doyle. Book and Teaching curriculum.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paulgraham.com/nerds.html">"Why Nerds are Unpopular"</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Graham_(computer_programmer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Graham (computer programmer)">Paul Graham</a>. This essay is an example of how even medium differences, in a hierarchical, zero-sum, or negative environments, can lead to ostracism or persecution.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Flies" title="Lord of the Flies">Lord of the Flies</a></i> by William Golding (1954). A famous work describing how a group of schoolboys trapped on an island descends into savagery.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Bullying</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bullying" class="extiw" title="wikt:bullying">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bullying" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Bullying">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bullying" class="extiw" title="q:Bullying">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bullying" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Bullying">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240126" class="extiw" title="d:Q240126">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Bullying</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Bullying">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Bullying&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/about-us/how-we-provide-advice/advice/Get-advice/">Citizens Advice in the UK</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020802052441/http://www.bullyingnoway.com.au/">Bullying. No Way! (Australian Education Authorities)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfes.gov.uk/bullying">Bullying in schools (UK – schools)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pbskids.org/itsmylife/friends/bullies/print_books.html">PBSKids.org "Great Books About Bullies"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103113237/http://app.thearit.com/uft-brave/bebraveagainstbullying.html">Be Brave Against Bullying, a UFT project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/simpleSearch.jsp?newSearch=true&eric_sortField=&searchtype=basic&pageSize=10&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=bullying&eric_displayStartCount=1&_pageLabel=ERICSearchResult&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=kw">U.S. Department of Education's Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bullyonline.org/index.php">Bully Online</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bullying" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bullying" title="Template:Bullying"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bullying" title="Template talk:Bullying"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bullying" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bullying"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bullying" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bullying</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abusive_supervision" title="Abusive supervision">Abusive supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">Cyberbullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_abuse" title="Disability abuse">Disability bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Displaced_aggression" title="Displaced aggression">Displaced aggression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doxing" title="Doxing">Doxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_bullying" title="LGBTQ bullying">LGBTQ bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">Hazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_the_military" title="Bullying in the military">Military bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_bullying_of_children" class="mw-redirect" title="Parental bullying of children">Parental bullying of children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_victimization" title="Peer victimization">Peer victimization</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Prison_bullying">Prison bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_aggression" title="Relational aggression">Relational aggression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_bullying" title="School bullying">School bullying</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_of_students_in_higher_education" title="Bullying of students in higher education">Higher education</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_bullying" title="Sexual bullying">Sexual bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_harassment" title="Workplace harassment">Workplace harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_bullying" title="Workplace bullying">Workplace bullying</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_bullying_in_academia" title="Workplace bullying in academia">Academia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_information_technology" title="Bullying in information technology">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_workplace_bullying" title="Legal aspects of workplace bullying">Legal aspects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_the_legal_profession" title="Bullying in the legal profession">Legal profession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_medicine" title="Bullying in medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_nursing" title="Bullying in nursing">Nursing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_teaching" title="Bullying in teaching">Teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_leader" title="Toxic leader">Toxic leader</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_workplace" title="Toxic workplace">Toxic workplace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betrayal" title="Betrayal">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">Blacklisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_and_emotional_intelligence" title="Bullying and emotional intelligence">Bullying and emotional intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_assassination" title="Character assassination">Character assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">Coercion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_fear" title="Culture of fear">Culture of fear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destabilisation" title="Destabilisation">Destabilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Discrediting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embarrassment" title="Embarrassment">Embarrassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_accusation" title="False accusation">False accusation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossip" title="Gossip">Gossip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harassment" title="Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiliation" title="Humiliation">Humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incivility" title="Incivility">Incivility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimidation" title="Intimidation">Intimidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolation_to_facilitate_abuse" title="Isolation to facilitate abuse">Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_up_kick_down" title="Kiss up kick down">Kiss up kick down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_games" title="Mind games">Mind games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_the_goalposts" title="Moving the goalposts">Moving the goalposts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagging" title="Nagging">Nagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_calling" title="Name calling">Name calling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad_hominem" title="Ad hominem">Personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">Physical abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_abuse" title="Psychological abuse">Psychological abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudeness" title="Rudeness">Rudeness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcasm" title="Sarcasm">Sarcasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screaming" title="Screaming">Screaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shame" title="Shame">Shame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Smear campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_undermining" title="Social undermining">Social undermining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swatting" title="Swatting">Swatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunting" title="Taunting">Taunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_incivility" title="Workplace incivility">Workplace incivility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbal_abuse" title="Verbal abuse">Verbal abuse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_Against_Bullying" title="Act Against Bullying">Act Against Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_Bossy" title="Ban Bossy">Ban Bossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_UK" title="Bullying UK">Bullying UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bystander_Revolution" title="Bystander Revolution">Bystander Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Centre_for_Gender_and_Sexual_Diversity" title="Canadian Centre for Gender and Sexual Diversity">Canadian Centre for Gender and Sexual Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditch_the_Label" title="Ditch the Label">Ditch the Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRIN_Campaign" title="GRIN Campaign">GRIN Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Gets_Better_Project" title="It Gets Better Project">It Gets Better Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidscape" title="Kidscape">Kidscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_Against_Violence_in_Education" title="Society Against Violence in Education">Society Against Violence in Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Costanza_Baldry" title="Anna Costanza Baldry">Anna Costanza Baldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Craig_(psychologist)" title="Wendy Craig (psychologist)">Wendy Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Espelage" title="Dorothy Espelage">Dorothy Espelage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_P._Farrington" title="David P. Farrington">David P. Farrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_Hymel" title="Shelley Hymel">Shelley Hymel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Leymann" title="Heinz Leymann">Heinz Leymann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Namie" title="Gary Namie">Gary Namie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Higgins_Norman" title="James O'Higgins Norman">James O'Higgins Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Olweus" title="Dan Olweus">Dan Olweus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_Pepler" title="Debra Pepler">Debra Pepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Salmivalli" title="Christina Salmivalli">Christina Salmivalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Westhues" title="Kenneth Westhues">Kenneth Westhues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Adams" title="Andrea Adams">Andrea Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Burfitt-Dons" title="Louise Burfitt-Dons">Louise Burfitt-Dons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Field" title="Tim Field">Tim Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuEllen_Fried" title="SuEllen Fried">SuEllen Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Hackett" title="Liam Hackett">Liam Hackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Vel%C3%A1squez" title="Lizzie Velásquez">Lizzie Velásquez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bullying_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bullying Day">Anti-Bullying Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bullying_Week" title="Anti-Bullying Week">Anti-Bullying Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-bullying_legislation" title="Anti-bullying legislation">Anti-bullying legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Pink" title="International Day of Pink">International Day of Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Stand_Up_to_Bullying_Day" title="International Stand Up to Bullying Day">International Stand Up to Bullying Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Think_Before_You_Speak_(campaign)" title="Think Before You Speak (campaign)">Think Before You Speak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable <a href="/wiki/Bullying_and_suicide" title="Bullying and suicide">suicides</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_suicides_that_have_been_attributed_to_bullying" class="mw-redirect" title="List of suicides that have been attributed to bullying">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_William_Arthur_Gibbs" title="Suicide of William Arthur Gibbs">William Arthur Gibbs</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Kelly_Yeomans" title="Suicide of Kelly Yeomans">Kelly Yeomans</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Hamed_Nastoh" title="Suicide of Hamed Nastoh">Hamed Nastoh</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Dawn-Marie_Wesley" title="Suicide of Dawn-Marie Wesley">Dawn-Marie Wesley</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Nicola_Ann_Raphael" title="Suicide of Nicola Ann Raphael">Nicola Ann Raphael</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Ryan_Halligan" title="Suicide of Ryan Halligan">Ryan Halligan</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Megan_Meier" title="Suicide of Megan Meier">Megan Meier</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Sladjana_Vidovic" title="Suicide of Sladjana Vidovic">Sladjana Vidovic</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Phoebe_Prince" title="Suicide of Phoebe Prince">Phoebe Prince</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Tyler_Clementi" title="Suicide of Tyler Clementi">Tyler Clementi</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Jamey_Rodemeyer" title="Suicide of Jamey Rodemeyer">Jamey Rodemeyer</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Hubley#Family" title="Allan Hubley">Jamie Hubley</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Kenneth_Weishuhn" title="Suicide of Kenneth Weishuhn">Kenneth Weishuhn</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Audrie_Pott" title="Suicide of Audrie Pott">Audrie Pott</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Amanda_Todd" title="Suicide of Amanda Todd">Amanda Todd</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Jadin_Bell" title="Suicide of Jadin Bell">Jadin Bell</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Rehtaeh_Parsons" title="Suicide of Rehtaeh Parsons">Rehtaeh Parsons</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Rebecca_Sedwick" title="Suicide of Rebecca Sedwick">Rebecca Sedwick</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leelah_Alcorn" title="Leelah Alcorn">Leelah Alcorn</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Conrad_Roy" title="Death of Conrad Roy">Conrad Roy</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Tyrone_Unsworth" title="Suicide of Tyrone Unsworth">Tyrone Unsworth</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Murder%E2%80%93suicide" title="Murder–suicide">Murder–suicides</a><br />(incidents)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Harris_and_Dylan_Klebold" title="Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold">Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbine_High_School_massacre" title="Columbine High School massacre">Columbine</a>, 1999</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Weise" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Weise">Jeff Weise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Lake_shootings" title="Red Lake shootings">Red Lake</a>, 2005</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seung-Hui_Cho" title="Seung-Hui Cho">Seung-Hui Cho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_shooting" title="Virginia Tech shooting">Virginia Tech</a>, 2007</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokela_school_shooting#Perpetrator" title="Jokela school shooting">Pekka-Eric Auvinen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jokela_school_shooting" title="Jokela school shooting">Jokela High School</a>, 2007</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kauhajoki_school_shooting#Perpetrator" title="Kauhajoki school shooting">Matti Juhani Saari</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kauhajoki_school_shooting" title="Kauhajoki school shooting">Kauhajoki School of Hospitality</a>, 2008</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sparks_Middle_School_shooting#Perpetrator" title="2013 Sparks Middle School shooting">Jose Horacio Reyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sparks_Middle_School_shooting" title="2013 Sparks Middle School shooting">Sparks Middle School</a>, 2013</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Rodger" title="Elliot Rodger">Elliot Rodger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Isla_Vista_killings" title="2014 Isla Vista killings">Isla Vista</a>, 2014</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_blackmail" title="Emotional blackmail">Emotional blackmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just-world_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Just-world hypothesis">Just-world hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT-related_suicides" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT-related suicides">List of LGBT-related suicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiavellianism_in_the_workplace" title="Machiavellianism in the workplace">Machiavellianism in the workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism_in_the_workplace" title="Narcissism in the workplace">Narcissism in the workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_boundaries" title="Personal boundaries">Personal boundaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personality_disorder" title="Personality disorder">Personality disorders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playing_the_victim" title="Playing the victim">Playing the victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopathy_in_the_workplace" title="Psychopathy in the workplace">Psychopathy in the workplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-esteem" title="Self-esteem">Self-esteem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dominance_orientation" title="Social dominance orientation">Social dominance orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_among_LGBTQ_youth" title="Suicide among LGBTQ youth">Suicide among LGBTQ youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victim_blaming" title="Victim blaming">Victim blaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimology" title="Victimology">Victimology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Abuse" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Abuse" title="Template:Abuse"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Abuse" title="Template talk:Abuse"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Abuse" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Abuse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Abuse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Abuse" title="Abuse">Abuse</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abuse#Types_and_contexts_of_abuse" title="Abuse">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_childhood_experiences" title="Adverse childhood experiences">Adverse childhood experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour" title="Anti-social behaviour">Anti-social behaviour</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_neglect" title="Child neglect">neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">sexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruelty_to_animals" title="Cruelty to animals">Cruelty to animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_abuse" title="Disability abuse">Disability abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_draft" class="mw-redirect" title="Disability draft">military draft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">Domestic abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_abuse" title="Elder abuse">Elder abuse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elder_financial_abuse" title="Elder financial abuse">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predatory_marriage" title="Predatory marriage">Marriage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harassment" title="Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humiliation" title="Humiliation">Humiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incivility" title="Incivility">Incivility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_abuse" title="Institutional abuse">Institutional abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimidation" title="Intimidation">Intimidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neglect" title="Neglect">Neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_abuse" title="Professional abuse">Professional abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_abuse" title="Psychological abuse">Psychological abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_abuse" title="Physical abuse">Physical abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_abuse" title="Social abuse">Social abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpire_abuse" title="Umpire abuse">Referee and umpire abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_abuse" title="Religious abuse">Religious abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">Sexual abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalking" title="Stalking">Stalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_abuse" title="Structural abuse">Structural abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_abuse" title="Surveillance abuse">Surveillance abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbal_abuse" title="Verbal abuse">Verbal abuse</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abuse#Types_and_contexts_of_abuse" title="Abuse">more...</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abusive_supervision" title="Abusive supervision">Abusive supervision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">Abuse of power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlling_behavior_in_relationships" title="Controlling behavior in relationships">Controlling behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_grooming" class="mw-redirect" title="Child grooming">Child grooming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Complex post-traumatic stress disorder">Complex post-traumatic stress disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial" title="Denial">Denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destabilisation" title="Destabilisation">Destabilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exaggeration" title="Exaggeration">Exaggeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolation_to_facilitate_abuse" title="Isolation to facilitate abuse">Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just-world_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Just-world hypothesis">Just-world hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lie" title="Lie">Lying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological manipulation">Manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimisation_(psychology)" title="Minimisation (psychology)">Minimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissism" title="Narcissism">Narcissism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playing_the_victim" title="Playing the victim">Playing the victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_projection" title="Psychological projection">Psychological projection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_trauma" title="Psychological trauma">Psychological trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychopathy" title="Psychopathy">Psychopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationalization_(psychology)" title="Rationalization (psychology)">Rationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traumatic_bonding" title="Traumatic bonding">Traumatic bonding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victim_blaming" title="Victim blaming">Victim blaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimology" title="Victimology">Victimology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manipulation_(psychology)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Template:Manipulation (psychology)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Template talk:Manipulation (psychology)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manipulation (psychology)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manipulation_(psychology)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Manipulation_(psychology)" title="Manipulation (psychology)">Manipulation (psychology)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Positive manipulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_lie" title="Big lie">Big lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainwashing" title="Brainwashing">Brainwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">Bribery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_grooming" class="mw-redirect" title="Child grooming">Child grooming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattery" title="Flattery">Flattery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_bombing" title="Love bombing">Love bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predatory_marriage" title="Predatory marriage">Predatory marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seduction" title="Seduction">Seduction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negative manipulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_assassination" title="Character assassination">Character assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">Coercion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intimidation" title="Intimidation">Intimidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_games" title="Mind games">Mind games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smear_campaign" title="Smear campaign">Smear campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_rejection" title="Social rejection">Social rejection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other manipulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entrapment" title="Entrapment">Entrapment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaslighting" title="Gaslighting">Gaslighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_cop,_bad_cop" title="Good cop, bad cop">Good cop, bad cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence-for-hire" title="Influence-for-hire">Influence-for-hire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interrogation" title="Interrogation">Interrogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spin_(propaganda)" title="Spin (propaganda)">Spin (propaganda)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related manipulation topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_manipulation" title="Crowd manipulation">Crowd manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confidence_trick" class="mw-redirect" title="Confidence trick">Confidence trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_manipulation" title="Internet manipulation">Internet manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_manipulation" title="Market manipulation">Market manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_manipulation" title="Media manipulation">Media manipulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudge_theory" title="Nudge theory">Nudge theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shill" title="Shill">Shill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undue_influence" title="Undue influence">Undue influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Discrimination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination" title="Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination" title="Template talk:Discrimination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Discrimination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Christianity" title="Persecution of Orthodox Tewahedo Christianity">Tewahedo Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discriminatory<br />policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_opposition" title="LGBTQ rights opposition">LGBTQ rights opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus"><i>Numerus clausus</i> (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prejudice_and_discrimination" title="Category:Prejudice and discrimination">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conformity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conformity" title="Template:Conformity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conformity" title="Template talk:Conformity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conformity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conformity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conformity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conformity" title="Conformity">Conformity</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proscription" title="Proscription">Proscription</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae">Damnatio memoriae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident" title="Dissident">Dissident</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dissenter" title="Dissenter">Dissenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">Exile</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sacer" title="Homo sacer">Homo sacer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostracism" title="Ostracism">Ostracism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blacklisting" title="Blacklisting">Blacklisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplatforming" title="Deplatforming">Deplatforming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outcast_(person)" title="Outcast (person)">Outcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw" title="Outlaw">Outlaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_death" title="Civil death">Civil death</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vogelfrei" title="Vogelfrei">Vogelfrei</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Persona_non_grata" title="Persona non grata">Persona non grata</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_enemy" title="Public enemy">Public enemy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_state" title="Enemy of the state">Enemy of the state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunning" title="Shunning">Shunning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyranny_of_the_majority" title="Tyranny of the majority">Tyranny of the majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Group pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwagon_effect" title="Bandwagon effect">Bandwagon effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brainwashing" title="Brainwashing">Brainwashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closure_(sociology)" title="Closure (sociology)">Closure (sociology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_reality" title="Consensus reality">Consensus reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_shock" title="Culture shock">Culture shock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_chamber_(media)" title="Echo chamber (media)">Echo chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_consensus_effect" title="False consensus effect">False consensus effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_missing_out" title="Fear of missing out">Fear of missing out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groupthink" title="Groupthink">Groupthink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazing" title="Hazing">Hazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herd_mentality" title="Herd mentality">Herd mentality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identification_(psychology)" title="Identification (psychology)">Identification (psychology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">Indoctrination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invented_tradition" title="Invented tradition">Invented tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_conformity" title="Memory conformity">Memory conformity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mere_exposure_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Mere exposure effect">Mere exposure effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milieu_control" title="Milieu control">Milieu control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobbing" title="Mobbing">Mobbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normalization_(sociology)" title="Normalization (sociology)">Normalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normative_social_influence" title="Normative social influence">Normative social influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passing_(sociology)" title="Passing (sociology)">Passing (sociology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_pressure" title="Peer pressure">Peer pressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralistic_ignorance" title="Pluralistic ignorance">Pluralistic ignorance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychosocial" title="Psychosocial">Psychosocial issue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purity_spiral" title="Purity spiral">Purity spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operant_conditioning" title="Operant conditioning">Operant conditioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_%27round_the_flag_effect" title="Rally 'round the flag effect">Rally 'round the flag effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contagion" title="Social contagion">Social contagion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_addiction" title="Behavioral addiction">Addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_contagion" title="Behavioral contagion">Behavioral</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_Contagion_Models" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime Contagion Models">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysterical_contagion" title="Hysterical contagion">Hysterical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copycat_suicide" title="Copycat suicide">Suicide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotional_contagion" title="Emotional contagion">Emotional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_influence" title="Social influence">Social influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialization" title="Socialization">Socialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_of_silence" title="Spiral of silence">Spiral of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teasing" title="Teasing">Teasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_positivity" title="Toxic positivity">Toxic positivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_personality" title="Authoritarian personality">Authoritarian personality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_leadership_style" title="Authoritarian leadership style">Authoritarian leadership style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_authoritarian_personality" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing authoritarian personality">Right-wing authoritarian personality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_freak" title="Control freak">Control freak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_personality_disorder" title="Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder">Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conformity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compliance_(psychology)" title="Compliance (psychology)">Compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_reinforcement" title="Communal reinforcement">Communal reinforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countersignaling" title="Countersignaling">Countersignaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creeping_normality" title="Creeping normality">Creeping normality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herd_behavior" title="Herd behavior">Herd behavior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalization_(sociology)" title="Internalization (sociology)">Internalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normalization_of_deviance" title="Normalization of deviance">Normalization of deviance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obedience_(human_behavior)" class="mw-redirect" title="Obedience (human behavior)">Obedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preference_falsification" title="Preference falsification">Preference falsification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_proof" title="Social proof">Social proof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_reality" title="Social reality">Social reality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asch_conformity_experiments" title="Asch conformity experiments">Asch conformity experiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaching_experiment" title="Breaching experiment">Breaching experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milgram_experiment" title="Milgram experiment">Milgram experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment" title="Stanford prison experiment">Stanford prison experiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anticonformity_(psychology)" title="Anticonformity (psychology)">Anticonformity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour" title="Anti-social behaviour">Anti-social behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto-segregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto-segregation">Auto-segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">Counterculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">Culture jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deviance_(sociology)" title="Deviance (sociology)">Deviance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_advocate" title="Devil's advocate">Devil's advocate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissent" title="Dissent">Dissent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_dissent" title="Political dissent">Political</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccentricity_(behavior)" title="Eccentricity (behavior)">Eccentricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism" title="Eclecticism">Eclecticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idiosyncrasy" title="Idiosyncrasy">Idiosyncrasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insubordination" title="Insubordination">Insubordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_clown" title="Pueblo clown">Pueblo clown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion" title="Rebellion">Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_team" title="Red team">Red team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_value" title="Shock value">Shock value</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240126#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh89006054">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01060293">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120093&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000070583&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007536950805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bullying&oldid=1256544527">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bullying&oldid=1256544527</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harassment_and_bullying" title="Category:Harassment and bullying">Harassment and bullying</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Abuse" title="Category:Abuse">Abuse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Aggression" title="Category:Aggression">Aggression</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Injustice" title="Category:Injustice">Injustice</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Interpersonal_conflict" title="Category:Interpersonal conflict">Interpersonal conflict</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Persecution" title="Category:Persecution">Persecution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Psychological_abuse" title="Category:Psychological abuse">Psychological abuse</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_accuracy_disputes" title="Category:All accuracy disputes">All accuracy disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_disputed_statements_from_May_2023" title="Category:Articles with disputed statements from May 2023">Articles with disputed statements from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Middle_High_German_(ca._1050-1500)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text">Articles containing Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_incomplete_citations" title="Category:All articles with incomplete citations">All articles with incomplete citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_incomplete_citations_from_August_2015" title="Category:Articles with incomplete citations from August 2015">Articles with incomplete citations from August 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes_from_May_2014" title="Category:Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from May 2014">Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from May 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes" title="Category:All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes">All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_December_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from December 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 November 2024, at 12:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bullying&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-59bbd5969d-mr725","wgBackendResponseTime":152,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.865","walltime":"2.116","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10413,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":507858,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5386,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":39,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":645788,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1737.817 1 -total"," 44.87% 779.844 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.31% 405.137 60 Template:Cite_journal"," 22.09% 383.891 1 Template:Discrimination_sidebar"," 22.01% 382.483 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 16.60% 288.399 9 Template:Excerpt"," 7.85% 136.427 42 Template:Cite_web"," 5.22% 90.702 22 Template:Cite_book"," 4.90% 85.215 2 Template:Langx"," 3.42% 59.498 1 Template:Sister_project_links"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.233","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":18892086,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","180","14.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","140","11.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","140","11.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","120","9.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","120","9.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","9.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","100","8.2"],["concat","40","3.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","3.3"],["mw.executeModule \u003Cmw.lua:467\u003E","20","1.6"],["[others]","200","16.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-678566b588-pmp45","timestamp":"20241128193913","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Bullying","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bullying","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q240126","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q240126","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-01-16T05:10:57Z","dateModified":"2024-11-10T12:25:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/74\/Bullying_F%C3%ADsico.JPG","headline":"use of force or coercion to abuse or intimidate others"}</script> </body> </html>