CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135da17a9ac8965',cH: 'uf0VwIWVYeWZIQGKPHppyTmhrgOQ55lu3RozgEVH6h0-1739796089-1.2.1.1-.U3h133vaOIywDdTSaRKR_K9mKOdEDoo0c0HDYQayc7BMeIUEBU5PHtDCm0vmQyE',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Saleem%20%20Akhtar&__cf_chl_tk=omkJRUzKlSPbNKr.DEf63psP5ZY5KQyEmgtTxUgx6Yk-1739796089-1.0.1.1-fLu4q7aeaAc0VAS81pFiHyHu_oI7NlnHEH3pN9YoLUo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739796089',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Saleem%20%20Akhtar&__cf_chl_f_tk=omkJRUzKlSPbNKr.DEf63psP5ZY5KQyEmgtTxUgx6Yk-1739796089-1.0.1.1-fLu4q7aeaAc0VAS81pFiHyHu_oI7NlnHEH3pN9YoLUo",md: "0EuqcjkAS7obWytvD4w3occsVioNHxba0kwzAbfSRbA-1739796089-1.2.1.1-X81TEt1YMNi9TPOqpY4jCY2NhSpoDQtKBdGfvszdq23fml5GKGVmXyDnDuwQbKCXATZsCc9d_TTldOe8epoiIdDBUHA7tyuuZYsMXkyIDXucRwUANiN6QyuR_zgP.HCvVCQSbAj3Vab0_2vZC35rPKUHqXePpP3wVyeIr1Is3lLuIBWS_r6sqQ3D2tWY_4Un8kLhsKmt4djeAJTdQsLIBMbVLEAyBAdFNU3ms4DbFU8sHtNfkXThdsA9wjthleELddbxz3bPZPBz93S8.UyP4mKTXx6p._wTM1CGJfsSOnIC0lM_Oj1txl16W9J2RMCJ6RmjMmpvGn7GP5.z05O_UEDKrECnlR0IpBNjDeXc0jRh4WJLE4Srjn7WW8jbOfVVjYZSZrTVMf2HBF809knpNgzQYJdOiYfkLQBIpLr5wfO5KGYjp0tuE4lYtL9Gk_iaVy7MaNdQbDdU_sRwtvOZA9adPeRhfYDmD5rFtkwdKAKQIlRuHIZFta1AnqFZ9MCZI_KJrnLfPpUawHIrVy2jQJf099LKM5R3uYDNgm4o2Y6I3TmlKI2A8fMfUBGFDnTLJgWlbPzsj242NTpj6Zmz7gKGFm1pOsLJJyh.bMY7TujS.te0PDpbw4Yf_hEPWFh1LfB8B4IXf.Ewzr.jQ4uFaddMwoctUOmhFVHoHO6E25gH2ZAS6oSzwPa8Qat3wm7qCUwwxVG5C03QRv8C6b3VtUoVu5Je8ZBsRRYBlxGR.D_0EeYImYoMlvJX9xzJomhSUg_BiNyTZp_c_AuJ554XnkVzIs9XeXFjGnZBxYvZqh8ovyx8.rBT9XYYASAYQkoL7v_8EKLyR_FfhW_YxwcVcFguByaCeDnMFhYDpSacbxKRq8s3KPmwOUQem4WmKipKChCTF7M4dFeV8YogzpQRfWZCQm2E88ZClLsVP0pm4tgga.LpzaGaB6Unmzen75BvlHr_1orIkOqYYZQ5WV42PZtxqx22RzxkZ99ejKFSxqNaWjWXtrlhVybpslQHliW5pPdDZr4WzUPZMs3sXBZp0.YzcrH7pBp98K6j5L13zo3vP.JMAvjYTsLcWXLd0jiF2FeLd62MzlrBuN2duflV3qc8zauCKWcCL30B7q.BByS4FaqT1F7XZ7I56mMX7hmtFDoRMElZYBDmtHSxmCrFIgXoT1yU6GJfvyRH96aFUmBaDuQxbXqImatXmmsFTbkaRt4SG5J3uLquUKqP97H.NZyPve_JdL9OPoDQH4bgBI62wGc6_qVe6Vt.dJY5f570cljBVfs8GzgNuuZogHGpHoxMMzazw.xxW9q.0hJV.jqHqyRpWvGepI_f70vikR7VfWFjaP5QeLISrgeCs0DSLF9sqeWN.rjla1LMiHbOmOECf1zctGIq0O17h4mNm5MtNOzREobUcAVHryVaGyb5BWvS3W746XmYf5A1eR7j9mSsbSfQHp4M.2aysjtLTKZ7yN9oUEBjpXg3sSdoaPELoY7.tcWXUj3xJWtu82M1j6rWzeuT19R88Qegwq6VlRKS2nucLo9vEGeQO3dIPuYJ2kKR2tE9J04vbl2D5xvy3ilI37zHiefu82TpO9rHp3HlmUisAhPTT0JyYRTOcu_5HYiE5eikY8mObOw7HYjh6YtJzf5H3YMEvlZcJI9kwWb408KpkviB0lL6m_Ksb4CgD5InMNLS87eMvRjnoLgFVs7rgJ.i1a4t8xfrfquEUI7NfNJMDClI3cyduBFNOITbIQNM0J_g7OVjlYwG65po.hg2zHJ05fucHt7FFgbnOg8x4KK6ppjfz.VAJDQDr9TmiFit9mvPBBqrA9xchZQB7TePGAbaLLQpR.LO42._Qr3PXDwK0nF3btowrL9wARLeTuNUX8d7GF2SsHDnrXkJETA9wfduz0A_mrEz4cf2lCiUmCazx9TWd7WNzweT83vnzJlzdLsAeI2sJokb1BHzEYE",mdrd: "Z80wOuu3wHShyUh0_u5WOYcTvRfgIK9zJphJuoi4wUo-1739796089-1.2.1.1-7QngPaNIW3nMgBEdqVET7.owMeutbcvvHC380rL6qPzajsavfdqJpiu90QnK_ZhwjBS0nb_fCUZjhbIIsxlRT5j7BKbKqS.HTtHbzTcoZK6YtpdrgduA_GbpeMygDVgzUHWRDp3ZtNRkIcwD.Bkj2cYLqo04UGi7Sv9lOs0znrcdAILW5TkrmGmALxd6iyDhAa4yBysm2daoG4Dj3Nrj3Ev9y674sat5DHeOZ_BxL39v3lPr3e6Q3Z5PYGV2btguIqAue5o.Jpvm2fegewykpjA_Ub8JC_4KU_AQGE8rWGoqLjx_vQbBhrksYQl8RQtABsCJ8ZA07qaA.wd.I5sg58Alzoy3Q4AKKh_z93qNAbPWTRxMoHKmVHQyRi15u2_8wXa3obsH8FQIaAObAYrzEwBd5Zj5tpvj1geEFKRAERPOoTkXWQpxFlMZhACqpGFx1QUPjeknEN.wGHlPvzOFRrg_5apiQ6OkX2Pr_vS.k.dTdKeQ5LAAT9l3Xsy114k4VCar.Q7nSKJ8lPJONmBPKRrAd5mljPHpmS7xk8CMi51EMRk1b.JtD12futuMznEGTiOmt6J5dMxo1p9X40BZD9P9qHtnaGwL1ZDwQQ7ucoxIg.TBTLiGkP0TZCKYmt_b9zsWq7X48cA2Wyo5BeTzGpbLIzGTG9vqsUlKPJetIU.4RmSKl5S_4kEhkNOCjRMc30RnYYsBspj8WKe9TRzWcF8aZU2M7KbmnZQ_i.5Q.g_sjUYdvjvZkkQJgxjEuexmsG8jjoHd79Qojzacl_ZJ.Yhf7KGzt.O_SJ60uPR3ESQt5LiSWtVQYk4rx0zi7AZMyuOHaw7y9FaIEPHZF0togus1PGRZFvb4HjWqgSalXGoFwAzj3iorKIOU9ADVnqRSYlr2PAfIAOE6MhzbOqpHMP5iUVIkMkT3cQBGFtg_Tv4z9QzfBou7wDwFdZBInKlCt6wG7bzQwCpqCTuS5sV2bZyXeqfBbW4yElNWm7Hf6riwfwHyrbpe.cQpVl9HeJ7PEdJO_FhR9BBZyHMgtNBFCwf2JdTCsIoBII3u5QbHxZiAyjov5tgIbTaRScll6MUaUXT3jSO.nPvVeUqmgcQJCxY5NmkDCGuutvxKJyURiNqYGIKVLVo3mWX3X00UTZfFuMwDWFRTY1sc06PNwwRFNhNkWEUgONduu9YkI233rftbuQ0weTWRp3Xlt.6nK1sjtsxjpAU38XiEwJeXfXFLjm7DSwpnaROyoy57eyT7pl1OLSG7Zh7PiVrxjitpLVktPhTHHbRlnZ7muK5FXfEhGcTgkfawHFTYZsMUgF.b6LZzCXUkVl3Op5kZQMmfRIA9KsnWCVlCC_vL6oY6zMfKezOqzjrXvg6lrNhfG3Fif7qMRDulkI3djaoBOYUbgfLKxDxOAJ58CuMrj2_F6o9DCOHLg9RwTd0Q5Nzdp8vuYQiAwdA9kLpKTq6rjw1S4TIW.M.IogXlKgk7.Sf6.a.Iaa.kFp4iR09m.fX4H21Ad0GQQQF_N7VMB5nX7_pYxdK5Y6BRhjnUVi.6ISNkem1wG0CLTEa5bnHsygHlbRIqr60Q70s8msdXi2YprFp6Pgqwq4x5AlrLBrmA0MwP6.A1xooNBl14bsuFjGR.ij8qVIdv8jcqwwD47WfL9vOsd3GWhapTn2FeDBN2lXmVUNu94gSKxg3LHJjvsk00_MpCfQ7926xFYU3yKTZH.RuE83jBrCE6mqZ.SUllWlB2Hnjbd2Z5DEXJIOZXjbmOllpDhLsLdWE_AqHjCOqfGFHkKAKM9OAUImkKR9jjDt9hxYH83vA8i9tZyXn9bUiBygQGzVEB25nzolsonWtG4pZ_SDNJ1IowxgyHeSHWeEEcLGNbWoa..J_UZ5YXlSOdA3BZCE0YBextHo69xkWOTYj1mY0Y8HixxdvxkI_EwwIrAM4z_wXvzLjsKei16jCFB8YRVQHOtH9ZqmVB94NzfpdZ24sQuhMl74cTdZ7wooVxrA3Eew"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135da17a9ac8965';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Saleem%20%20Akhtar&__cf_chl_rt_tk=omkJRUzKlSPbNKr.DEf63psP5ZY5KQyEmgtTxUgx6Yk-1739796089-1.0.1.1-fLu4q7aeaAc0VAS81pFiHyHu_oI7NlnHEH3pN9YoLUo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>