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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="حركة رسالة الحرير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حركة رسالة الحرير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8" title="রেশমি রুমাল আন্দোলন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রেশমি রুমাল আন্দোলন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B6%D8%AA_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C" title="نهضت نامه‌های ابریشمی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نهضت نامه‌های ابریشمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="रेशमी पत्र आन्दोलन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रेशमी पत्र आन्दोलन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_della_lettera_di_seta" title="Movimento della lettera di seta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Movimento della lettera di seta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="സിൽക്ക് ലെറ്റർ പ്രസ്ഥാനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിൽക്ക് ലെറ്റർ പ്രസ്ഥാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95" title="ਰੇਸ਼ਮੀ ਰੁਮਾਲ ਤਹਿਰੀਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਸ਼ਮੀ ਰੁਮਾਲ ਤਹਿਰੀਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="ریشمی رومال تحریک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریشمی رومال تحریک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%88%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Движение шёлковых писем – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Движение шёлковых писем" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%AA" title="ريشمي رومال تحريڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ريشمي رومال تحريڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பட்டுக் கடித இயக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பட்டுக் கடித இயக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1913-1920 Indian movement for independence</div> <p> The <b>Silk Letter Movement</b> ('Tehreek-e-Reshmi Rumal') refers to a movement organised by <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a> leaders between 1913 and 1920, aimed at gaining Indian independence from <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a> by forming an alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>. This plot was uncovered by the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a> <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department" title="Criminal Investigation Department">CID</a> with the capture of letters from <a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a>, one of the Deobandi leaders then in <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a>, another leader then in Hejaz. The letters were written on <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> cloth, hence the name.<sup id="cite_ref-Qureshi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qureshi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silk_Letter_Movement_-_India_Stamp_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Silk_Letter_Movement_-_India_Stamp_2013.jpg/220px-Silk_Letter_Movement_-_India_Stamp_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Silk_Letter_Movement_-_India_Stamp_2013.jpg/330px-Silk_Letter_Movement_-_India_Stamp_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Silk_Letter_Movement_-_India_Stamp_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="470" /></a><figcaption>India Stamp 2013</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silk_Letter_Movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a> went to Hejaz with Mahmood Hasan in September 1915. He returned to India in April 1916 with Ghalib Nama (Silk Letter) which he showed to freedom fighters in India and the autonomous areas, and then took to Kabul where he arrived in June 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the onset of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mehmud Hasan</a> (principal of the <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a>) had travelled to Kabul and Hejaz respectively in October 1915 with plans to initiate a Muslim insurrection in the tribal belt of India. For this purpose, Ubaid'Allah was to propose that the <a href="/wiki/Habibullah_Khan" title="Habibullah Khan">Amir of Afghanistan</a> declare war on <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a>, while Mahmud al Hasan sought German and Turkish help. Hasan proceeded to the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Vilayet">Hejaz Vilayet</a>. Ubaid Allah, in the meantime, was able to establish friendly relations with Amir. As the plans unfolded in what came to be called the Silk Letter Movement, <a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaid'Allah</a> was able to establish friendly relations with Amir. At Kabul, <a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaid'Allah</a>, along with some students who had preceded him to <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Turkey</a> to join the <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">Caliph</a>'s "<i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></i>" against Britain, decided that the pan-Islamic cause would be best served by focussing on the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Freedom_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Freedom Movement">Indian Freedom Movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Berlin_committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin committee">Berlin-Indian committee</a> (which became the <i>Indian Independence Committee</i> after 1915) also produced an <a href="/wiki/Niedermayer-Hentig_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Niedermayer-Hentig mission">Indo-German-Turkish mission</a> to the Indo-Iranian border, with the purpose of encouraging the local tribes to attack British interests.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strachan788_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strachan788-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This group met the Deobandis in <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> in December 1915. The mission, along with bringing members of the Indian movement right to India's border, also brought messages from the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser" title="Kaiser">Kaiser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enver_Pasha" title="Enver Pasha">Enver Pasha</a> and Abbas Hilmi, the displaced <a href="/wiki/Khedive" title="Khedive">Khedive</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, expressing support for Pratap's mission and inviting the Amir to move against British India<sup id="cite_ref-Sims-Williams120_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sims-Williams120-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mission's immediate aim was to rally the Amir against <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sims-Williams120_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sims-Williams120-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to obtain from the Afghan Government a right of free passage.<sup id="cite_ref-Ansari516_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ansari516-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But after the leakage of the plan, the top Deobandi leaders were arrested — <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan</a> was arrested in Makkah and together with <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmad_Madani" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussain Ahmad Madani">Husayn Ahmad</a>, was exiled to Malta, later being released on account of advanced <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">T.B</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silk_Letter_Movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pranab_Mukherjee_releasing_the_Commemorative_Postage_Stamp_on_Shaikhul_Hind%E2%80%99s_%E2%80%9CSilk_Letter_Movement%E2%80%9D_%26_60th_Session_of_Shaikhul_Hind%E2%80%99s_Silk_Letter_Movement_Centenary,_at_a_function.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pranab_Mukherjee_releasing_the_Commemorative_Postage_Stamp_on_Shaikhul_Hind%E2%80%99s_%E2%80%9CSilk_Letter_Movement%E2%80%9D_%26_60th_Session_of_Shaikhul_Hind%E2%80%99s_Silk_Letter_Movement_Centenary%2C_at_a_function.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pranab_Mukherjee_releasing_the_Commemorative_Postage_Stamp_on_Shaikhul_Hind%E2%80%99s_%E2%80%9CSilk_Letter_Movement%E2%80%9D_%26_60th_Session_of_Shaikhul_Hind%E2%80%99s_Silk_Letter_Movement_Centenary%2C_at_a_function.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Pranab_Mukherjee_releasing_the_Commemorative_Postage_Stamp_on_Shaikhul_Hind%E2%80%99s_%E2%80%9CSilk_Letter_Movement%E2%80%9D_%26_60th_Session_of_Shaikhul_Hind%E2%80%99s_Silk_Letter_Movement_Centenary%2C_at_a_function.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1254" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a>, the former President of India, releasing commemorative stamp on the Silk Letter Movement.</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 2013, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> released a <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">commemorative postage stamp</a> on the Silk Letter Movement, to commemorate the sacrifices these groups made for the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indian author and historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ela_Mishra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ela Mishra (page does not exist)">Ela Mishra</a> wrote <i>Reshmi Rumaal Sharyantra: Ek Muslim Kraantikari Aandoloan</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silk_Letter_Movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSyed_Muhammad_Miyan_Deobandi/Muhammadullah_Qasmi2013" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Syed_Muhammad_Miyan_Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Muhammad Miyan Deobandi">Syed Muhammad Miyan Deobandi</a>/Muhammadullah Qasmi, Moulana (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deoband.net/4/post/2013/02/darul-uloom-publishes-english-version-of-silk-letter-movement.html"><i>Silk Letter Movement (2013)</i></a>, Manak Publications, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-7831-322-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-7831-322-6"><bdi>978-93-7831-322-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Silk+Letter+Movement+%282013%29&rft.pub=Manak+Publications%2C+Pvt.+Ltd.+New+Delhi&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-93-7831-322-6&rft.aulast=Syed+Muhammad+Miyan+Deobandi%2FMuhammadullah+Qasmi&rft.aufirst=Moulana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deoband.net%2F4%2Fpost%2F2013%2F02%2Fdarul-uloom-publishes-english-version-of-silk-letter-movement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilk+Letter+Movement" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silk_Letter_Movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silk_Letter_Movement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Qureshi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Qureshi_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918-1924.(Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia). M. Naeem Qureshi. p79,80,81,82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947.Sarah F. D. Ansari.p82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darululoom-deoband.com/urdu/books/tmp/1388990860%20Silk%20Letter%20Movement.pdf">"Silken Letters Movement"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.darululoom-deoband.com</i>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.darululoom-deoband.com&rft.atitle=Silken+Letters+Movement&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darululoom-deoband.com%2Furdu%2Fbooks%2Ftmp%2F1388990860%2520Silk%2520Letter%2520Movement.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilk+Letter+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnsari1986">Ansari 1986</a>, p. 515</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnsari1986">Ansari 1986</a>, p. 514</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strachan788-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strachan788_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrachan2001">Strachan 2001</a>, p. 788</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sims-Williams120-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sims-Williams120_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sims-Williams120_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSims-Williams1980">Sims-Williams 1980</a>, p. 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeidt2001">Seidt 2001</a>, p. 1,3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ansari516-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ansari516_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnsari1986">Ansari 1986</a>, p. 516</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=91529">"President releases a commemorative postage stamp on 'silk letter movement'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>pib.gov.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pib.gov.in&rft.atitle=President+releases+a+commemorative+postage+stamp+on+%27silk+letter+movement%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpib.gov.in%2Fnewsite%2FPrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D91529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilk+Letter+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookganga.com/ebooks/Books/details/5223713935060661228?BookName=Reshami%20Rumal%20Shadyantra">"रेशमी रुमाल षडयंत्र एक मुस्लीम क्रान्तिकारी आंदोलन"</a>. <i>bookganga.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bookganga.com&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookganga.com%2Febooks%2FBooks%2Fdetails%2F5223713935060661228%3FBookName%3DReshami%2520Rumal%2520Shadyantra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilk+Letter+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silk_Letter_Movement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnsari1986" class="citation cs2">Ansari, K. H. (1986), "Pan-Islam and the Making of the Early Indian Muslim Socialist", <i>Modern Asian Studies</i>, <b>20</b> (3): 509–537, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0026749X00007848">10.1017/S0026749X00007848</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145177112">145177112</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Pan-Islam+and+the+Making+of+the+Early+Indian+Muslim+Socialist&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=509-537&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0026749X00007848&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145177112%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ansari&rft.aufirst=K.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilk+Letter+Movement" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeidt2001" class="citation cs2">Seidt, Hans-Ulrich (2001), "From Palestine to the Caucasus-Oskar Niedermayer and Germany's Middle Eastern Strategy in 1918", <i>German Studies Review</i>, <b>24</b> (1): 1–18, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1433153">10.2307/1433153</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1433153">1433153</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=German+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=From+Palestine+to+the+Caucasus-Oskar+Niedermayer+and+Germany%27s+Middle+Eastern+Strategy+in+1918&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-18&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1433153&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1433153%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Seidt&rft.aufirst=Hans-Ulrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilk+Letter+Movement" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims-Williams1980" class="citation cs2">Sims-Williams, Ursula (1980), "The Afghan Newspaper Siraj al-Akhbar", <i>British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies</i>, <b>7</b> (2): 118–122, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13530198008705294">10.1080/13530198008705294</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Afghan+Newspaper+Siraj+al-Akhbar&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=118-122&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13530198008705294&rft.aulast=Sims-Williams&rft.aufirst=Ursula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilk+Letter+Movement" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrachan2001" class="citation cs2">Strachan, Hew (2001), <i>The First World War. Volume I: To Arms</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-926191-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-926191-1"><bdi>0-19-926191-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+World+War.+Volume+I%3A+To+Arms&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-926191-1&rft.aulast=Strachan&rft.aufirst=Hew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilk+Letter+Movement" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <ul><li>M .E. Yapp, "That Great Mass of Unmixed Mahomedanism": Reflections on the Historical Links between the Middle East and Asia, <i>British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies</i>, Vol. 19, No. 1. (1992), pp. 3–15.</li> <li>M. Naeem Qureshi, The 'Ulamā' of British India and the Hijrat of 1920, <i>Modern Asian Studies</i>, Vol. 13, No. 1. (1979), pp. 41–59.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darululoom-deoband.com/urdu/books/tmp/1388990860%20Silk%20Letter%20Movement.pdf">Silk Letter Movement (PDF)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alipore_Bomb_Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Alipore Bomb Case">Alipore Bomb Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:India_House" title="Category:India House"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg/80px-Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg/120px-Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg/160px-Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="539" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ghadar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Hardayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_Singh_Bhakna" title="Sohan Singh Bhakna">Sohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Sadashiv_Khankhoje" title="Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje">Pandurang Khankhoje</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Ghadar" title="Hindustan Ghadar">Hindustan Ghadar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_di_gunj" title="Ghadar di gunj">Ghadar di gunj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guran_Ditt_Kumar" title="Guran Ditt Kumar">Guran Ditt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Gurdit_Singh" title="Baba Gurdit Singh">Baba Gurdit Singh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komagata_Maru_incident" title="Komagata Maru incident">Komagata Maru</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Singh_Gyanee" title="Bhagwan Singh Gyanee">Bhagwan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai_Parmanand" title="Bhai Parmanand">Bhai Parmanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Bharadwaj" title="Ram Chandra Bharadwaj">Ram Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartar_Singh_Sarabha" title="Kartar Singh Sarabha">Kartar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Ganesh_Pingle" title="Vishnu Ganesh Pingle">Vishnu Pingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandit_Kanshi_Ram" title="Pandit Kanshi Ram">Kanshi Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Smedley" title="Agnes Smedley">Agnes Smedley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ghadar_Party" title="Category:Ghadar Party"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Chatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chempakaraman_Pillai" title="Chempakaraman Pillai">Champak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._R._Pillai" title="A. R. Pillai">A. R. Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._P._T._Acharya" title="M. P. T. Acharya">M. P. T. Acharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hafiz_Mohamed_Barakatullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah">Barkatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendranath_Datta" title="Bhupendranath Datta">Bhupendranath Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhinash_Bhattacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhinash Bhattacharya">Abhinash Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Pratap" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahendra Pratap">Mahendra Pratap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herambalal_Gupta" title="Herambalal Gupta">Herambalal Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyal" title="Sachindra Nath Sanyal">Sachin Sanyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giani_Pritam_Singh_Dhillon" title="Giani Pritam Singh Dhillon">Pritam Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarendranath_Chatterjee" title="Amarendranath Chatterjee">Amarendranath Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atulkrishna_Ghosh" title="Atulkrishna Ghosh">Atulkrishna Ghosh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud al-Hasan">Mahmud al-Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_Amba_Prasad" title="Sufi Amba Prasad">Sufi Amba Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg" title="Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg">Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Zimmermann" title="Arthur Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_for_the_East" title="Intelligence Bureau for the East">Intelligence Bureau for the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Oppenheim" title="Max von Oppenheim">Max von Oppenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Papen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_von_Bernstorff" title="Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff">von Bernstorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rodiek" title="George Rodiek">George Rodiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Otto_von_Hentig" title="Werner Otto von Hentig">Hentig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_von_Niedermayer" title="Oskar von Niedermayer">Niedermayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conspiracy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Larsen_affair" title="Annie Larsen affair">Annie Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Maverick" title="SS Maverick">SS <i>Maverick</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Mutiny" title="Ghadar Mutiny">February plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Conspiracy_Case_trial" title="Lahore Conspiracy Case trial">Lahore Conspiracy Case trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Silk Letter Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niedermayer%E2%80%93Hentig_Expedition" title="Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition">Kabul Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy_Trial" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial">Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_counter-intelligence_against_the_Indian_revolutionary_movement_during_World_War_I" title="British counter-intelligence against the Indian revolutionary movement during World War I">Counter-intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._C._Hopkinson" class="mw-redirect" title="W. C. Hopkinson">W. C. Hopkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wallinger" title="John Wallinger">John Wallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Political_Intelligence_Office" title="Indian Political Intelligence Office">Indian Political Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Thomson" title="Basil Thomson">Basil Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5(g)" title="MI5(g)">MI5(g)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Kell" title="Vernon Kell">Vernon Kell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nathan_(intelligence_officer)" title="Robert Nathan (intelligence officer)">Robert Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirpal_Singh_(spy)" title="Kirpal Singh (spy)">Kirpal Singh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oren_(spy)" title="Oren (spy)">Oren</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Kraft" title="Vincent Kraft">Vincent Kraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Wiseman,_10th_Baronet" title="Sir William Wiseman, 10th Baronet">William Wiseman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tegart" title="Charles Tegart">Charles Tegart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Gaunt" title="Guy Gaunt">Guy Gaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Somerset_Maugham" title="W. Somerset Maugham">W. Somerset Maugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seistan_Force" title="Seistan Force">East Persia Cordon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">Lawrence of Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_India_Act_1915" title="Defence of India Act 1915">Defence of India Act 1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingress_into_India_Ordinance,_1914" title="Ingress into India Ordinance, 1914">Ingress into India Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Rowlatt" title="Sidney Rowlatt">Sidney Rowlatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dyama_Mitsuru" title="Tōyama Mitsuru">Tōyama Mitsuru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Template:Mahmud Hasan Deobandi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mahmud Hasan Deobandi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Religion: <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a></li></ul></li> <li>Jurisprudence: <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a></li> <li>Movement: <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable works and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Silk Letter Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarjuma_Shaykh_al-Hind" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarjuma Shaykh al-Hind">Tarjuma Shaykh al-Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adilla-e-K%C4%81milah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adilla-e-Kāmilah (page does not exist)">Adilla-e-Kāmilah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%AAzah_al-adillah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Īzah al-adillah (page does not exist)">Īzah al-adillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disciples and influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_students_of_Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaikh-Ul-Hind_Maulana_Mahmood_Hasan_Medical_College" title="Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Medical College">Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Medical College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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