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כלכלית">צמיחה כלכלית</a> בצורה היעילה ביותר על ידי הורדת מיסים, הפחתת הרגולציה והתרת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%97%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A9%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="סחר חופשי">סחר חופשי</a>.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-GoodwinHarris2015-1">[1]</a><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dwivedi2010-2">[2]</a> תומכי התיאוריה הכלכלית הזאת טוענים כי היא גורמת לכך שהצרכנים ייהנו מאספקה גדולה יותר של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="טובין">סחורות ושירותים</a> במחירים נמוכים יותר ובאיכות טובה יותר, והתעסוקה תגדל.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> בסיס לכלכלת צד-ההיצע הוא <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עקומת לאפר">עקומת לאפר</a>, קשר תאורטי בין שיעורי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מס">מיסוי</a> והכנסות ממשלתיות.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> עקומת לאפר מצביעה על כך שכאשר רמת המס גבוהה מדי, שיעורי מס נמוכים יותר יגדילו את הכנסות הממשלה באמצעות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="צמיחה כלכלית">צמיחה כלכלית</a>, משום שלאנשים יהיה תמריץ לעבוד קשה ולשאוף להרוויח כמה שיותר, בידיעה שהממשלה לא תיקח להם חלק גדול מפירות העבודה שלהם. הרמה שבה שיעורי המס נחשבים "גבוהים מדי" שנויה במחלוקת.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> במשך זמן מה היה נחשב שהמונח "כלכלת צד-היצע" נטבע על ידי העיתונאי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%92'%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%99&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ג'וד ואנישקי (הדף אינו קיים)">ג'וד וואנישקי</a> ב-<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1975?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1975">1975</a>, אך לפי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%93._%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="רוברט ד. אטקינסון (הדף אינו קיים)">רוברט ד. אטקינסון</a>, המונח "צד-היצע" שומש לראשונה ב-<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1976?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1976">1976</a> על ידי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="הרברט שטיין (הדף אינו קיים)">הרברט שטיין</a> (היועץ כלכלי של ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="נשיא ארצות הברית">נשיא</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ריצ'רד ניקסון">ריצ'רד ניקסון</a>) ורק מאוחר יותר באותה שנה ג'וד וואנישקי השתמש במושג הזה.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a> המונח דוגל בביטוי הרעיונות של הכלכלנים <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רוברט מנדל">רוברט מנדל</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ארתור לאפר (הדף אינו קיים)">וארתור לאפר</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="he" dir="rtl"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">תוכן עניינים</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99">1 מקור היסטורי</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA">2 הגדרה ועקרונות</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2_%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA">2.1 כלכלת צד-היצע לעומת גישות קודמות למדיניות כלכלית</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D">2.2 תפקידם של שיעורי המס השוליים</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8">2.3 עקומת לאפר</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94">3 היסטוריה</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1_(%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9F)">3.1 רייגנומיקס (השיטה הכלכלית של רייגן)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F">3.2 שנות קלינטון</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4">3.3 שנות טראמפ</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA">4 תאוריית מדיניות פיסקלית</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D">5 השפעה על צמיחה כלכלית והכנסות ממסים</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%AA">6 לקריאה נוספת</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D">7 קישורים חיצוניים</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D">8 הערות שוליים</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="מקור_היסטורי">מקור היסטורי</h2> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "מקור היסטורי"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Rmundell.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rmundell.jpg/220px-Rmundell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="365"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 201px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rmundell.jpg/220px-Rmundell.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="201" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Rmundell.jpg/330px-Rmundell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Rmundell.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רוברט מנדל">רוברט מנדל</a> </figcaption> </figure> כלכלת צד-ההיצע התפתחה בתגובה ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="סטגפלציה">סטגפלציה</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%92%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="הסטגפלציה בשנות השבעים (הדף אינו קיים)">של שנות ה-70</a>.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-case_780-10">[10]</a> הוא התבסס על מגוון מחשבות כלכליות שאינן <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="כלכלה קיינסיאנית">קיינסיאניות</a>, כולל <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%92%D7%95_(%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="אסכולת שיקגו (כלכלה)">אסכולת שיקגו</a> ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="מאקרו כלכלה קלאסית חדשה (הדף אינו קיים)">האסכולה הקלאסית החדשה במקרו-כלכלה</a>.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%98&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ברוס בארטלט (הדף אינו קיים)">ברוס בארטלט</a>, חסיד של כלכלת צד ההיצע, עקב אחר המוצא האינטלקטואלי של אסכולת המחשבה הזו, וייחס אותה לפילוסופים <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%97%27%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אבן ח'לדון">אבן ח'לדון</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="דייוויד יום">ודייוויד יום</a>, הסאטיריקן <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ג'ונתן סוויפט">ג'ונתן סוויפט</a>, הכלכלן הפוליטי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אדם סמית">אדם סמית'</a> ושר האוצר של ארצות הברית <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אלכסנדר המילטון">אלכסנדר המילטון</a>.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a> בארטלט הצהיר ב-2007 כי: <blockquote> <big>"כיום, כמעט אף כלכלן לא מאמין במה שהקיינסיאנים האמינו בשנות ה-70, ורובם מקבלים את הרעיונות הבסיסיים של כלכלת צד-ההיצע - שתמריצים חשובים, ששיעורי מס גבוהים רעים לצמיחה, ושאינפלציה היא ביסודה תופעה מוניטרית. כתוצאה מכך, אין עוד הבדל משמעותי בין כלכלת צד-היצע לכלכלה מיינסטרים".</big> </blockquote> מה שמייחד יותר מכל את כלכלת צד-ההיצע כתופעה מודרנית הוא הטיעון ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תועלתנות">תועלתני</a> שלה בעד שיעורי מס נמוכים בעיקר מסיבות קולקטיביות ולא מסיבות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%93%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אידאולוגיה">אידאולוגיות</a> מסורתיות. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ליברליזם קלאסי">הליברלים הקלאסיים</a> התנגדו למיסים משום שהם התנגדו לממשלה רחבה שפוגעת ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="זכויות האדם">זכות הטבעית של האדם</a> ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%96%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="זכות הקניין">קניין</a>. טענתם הייתה שלכל אדם יש זכויות טבעיות על עצמו ועל רכושו ולכן המיסוי אינו מוסרי משום שהוא מפר אותם.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> מנגד, כלכלנים התומכים בכלכלת צד-היצע טענו שהתועלת הקולקטיבית לכאורה (כלומר הגדלת ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תפוקה">תפוקה</a> וה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="יעילות כלכלית">יעילות הכלכלית</a> של החברה) מספקת את הסיבה העיקרית להפחתת שיעורי המיסים. כלכלת צד ההיצע עלתה בפופולריות בקרב <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פוליטיקאי">פוליטיקאים</a> מה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מפלגה הרפובליקנית">מפלגה הרפובליקנית</a> מ-<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1977?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1977">1977</a> ואילך. לפני 1977, הרפובליקנים היו מפוצלים יותר בנוגע להפחתת המס, וחלקם דאגו שהפחתות המס יעודדו את האינפלציה ויחריפו את הגירעונות.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> ב-1978 פרסם ג'וד וואנישקי את "The Way the World Works", בו פרש את התזה המרכזית של כלכלת צד-ההיצע<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> ופירט את הכישלונות של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מס פרוגרסיבי">מס הכנסה פרוגרסיבי</a>, שיעורי מס גבוהים והמדיניות המוניטרית של ארצות הברית תחת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ריצ'רד ניקסון">ריצ'רד ניקסון</a> ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ג'ימי קרטר">ג'ימי קרטר</a> בשנות השבעים. וואנישקי דגל בשיעורי מס נמוכים יותר והחזרה לסוג של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%96%D7%94%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תקן הזהב">תקן זהב</a>, בדומה למערכת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F-%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הסכם ברטון-וודס">ברטון וודס</a> בשנים 1944–1971 שניקסון נטש. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Laffer-Curve.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Laffer-Curve.svg/220px-Laffer-Curve.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="751"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 177px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Laffer-Curve.svg/220px-Laffer-Curve.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Laffer-Curve.svg/330px-Laffer-Curve.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Laffer-Curve.svg/440px-Laffer-Curve.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> שלוש <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עקומת לאפר">עקומות לאפר</a> שונות: ציר ה-X מציג את שיעור המס *t, וציר ה-Y את סך הכנסות המדינה. הנקודה שבה הכנסות המדינה הן מרביות יכולה להימצא בנקודות שונות, וצורת העקומה לא חייבת להיות סימטרית </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="הגדרה_ועקרונות">הגדרה ועקרונות</h2> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "הגדרה ועקרונות"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> ג'יימס ד' גוורטני וריצ'רד ל. סטרופ סיפקו הגדרה לכלכלת צד-היצע כ"אמונה שלהתאמות בשיעורי ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מס שולי">מס השוליים</a> יש השפעות משמעותיות על ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="היצע">היצע</a> הכולל".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-17">[17]</a> גוורטני וסטרופ אמרו "שכלכלת צד-ההיצע היוותה את הבסיס למדיניות המס של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רונלד רייגן">רייגן</a>, שהובילה להפחתה משמעותית בשיעורי המס השוליים ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ארצות הברית">ארצות הברית</a> במהלך שנות ה-80".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-17">[17]</a> בארי פ. בוסוורת' סיפק הגדרה נוספת על ידי הצגת כלכלת צד-ההיצע משתי נקודות מבט: <ol> <li>"עניין רחב בגורמי ההיצע המצרפי - היקף ואיכות תשומות ההון והתעסוקה, והיעילות שבה נעשה בהן שימוש".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-18">[18]</a></li> <li>"התמקדות צרה יותר בהפחתות מס כאמצעי להגדלת היצע החסכונות, ההשקעות והעבודה".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-18">[18]</a></li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="כלכלת_צד-היצע_לעומת_גישות_קודמות_למדיניות_כלכלית"><span id=".D7.9B.D7.9C.D7.9B.D7.9C.D7.AA_.D7.A6.D7.93-.D7.94.D7.99.D7.A6.D7.A2_.D7.9C.D7.A2.D7.95.D7.9E.D7.AA_.D7.92.D7.99.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.A7.D7.95.D7.93.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.9C.D7.9E.D7.93.D7.99.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.9B.D7.9C.D7.9B.D7.9C.D7.99.D7.AA">כלכלת צד-היצע לעומת גישות קודמות למדיניות כלכלית</h3> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "כלכלת צד-היצע לעומת גישות קודמות למדיניות כלכלית"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> כלכלת צד-היצע נוצרה כחלופה ל<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="כלכלה קיינסיאנית">כלכלה הקיינסיאנית</a>, אשר מיקדה מדיניות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95-%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מקרו-כלכלה">מקרו-כלכלית</a> בניהול הביקוש הסופי.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> כלכלת צד הביקוש מסתמכת על תפיסה שבה לביקוש תפקיד מרכזי בהגדרת צמיחת ההיצע העתידי, מה שמאפשר גם השלכות תמריץ של השקעה.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-18">[18]</a> גישות המדיניות הקיינסיאניות מתמקדות בניהול ביקושים כמכשיר מרכזי להשפעה על הייצור המצרפי וה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9C%22%D7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="תל"ג">תל"ג</a>, בעוד שה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מוניטריזם">מוניטריזם</a> מתמקד בניהול המצרפים המוניטריים והאשראי. בניגוד לכלכלת צד-ההיצע, כלכלת צד הביקוש מבוססת על ההנחה שהעליות בתוצר נובעות מגידול בהוצאות.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:4-20">[20]</a> מדיניויות כלכליות מסורתיות אותגרו על ידי התיאוריה של כלכלת צד-ההיצע כפי שהתבטאה ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רונלד רייגן">ממשל רייגן</a> בשנות ה-80. הלה טוענת שמדיניות פיסקלית עשויה להוביל לשינויים בהיצע וגם בביקוש.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> לכן, כאשר שיעורי המס השוליים גבוהים, הצרכנים רודפים אחר תוספת פנאי וצריכה שוטפת במקום לרדוף אחר הכנסה שוטפת והכנסה נוספת בעתיד. לכן ישנה ירידה במאמץ ובהשקעה בעבודה, אשר בתורה גורמת לירידה בייצור ובתל"ג, ללא קשר לרמות הביקוש הכלליות. על סמך הנחות אלו, כלכלני צד-היצע מנסחים את הרעיון כי לקיצוץ בשיעורי המס השוליים יש השפעה חיובית על הצמיחה הכלכלית של החברה. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="תפקידם_של_שיעורי_המס_השוליים">תפקידם של שיעורי המס השוליים</h3> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "תפקידם של שיעורי המס השוליים"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> המטרה העיקרית של כלכלת צד-ההיצע הוא קידום <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="צמיחה כלכלית">צמיחה כלכלית</a>. בהקשר זה, כמה מחקרים הציעו לשקול שני מחירים חברתיים-כלכליים יחסיים. הראשון משפיע על החלטות של יחידים על חלוקת הכנסתם בין צריכה לחיסכון.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:5-22">[22]</a> (רוברטס, 1984, עמ' 36) עלות ההחלטה של הפרט להקצות יחידת הכנסה לצריכה או לחיסכון היא ערך עתידי של היחידה, אשר וותרה על ידי הבחירה בצריכה או חיסכון. יחידת ערך ההכנסה מוגדרת על ידי שיעורי המס השוליים. לפיכך, שיעורי מס גבוהים יותר יפחיתו את עלות הצריכה, מה שיגרום לירידה בהשקעות ובחיסכון. במקביל, שיעורי מס נמוכים יותר יגרמו לעלייה ברמות ההשקעה והחיסכון, בעוד שרמות הצריכה ירדו.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:4-20">[20]</a> המחיר השני משפיע על החלטות של יחידים על חלוקת זמנם בין עבודה לפנאי.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:5-22">[22]</a> עלות ההחלטה של הפרט להקצות יחידת זמן לעבודה או פנאי עומדת על פי ההכנסה השוטפת, אשר וותרה על ידי בחירה בעבודה או פנאי. העלות כוללת גם את ההכנסה העתידית, שהופתנה למטרות פנאי במקום להגביר את הכישורים המקצועיים. ערך הפסדי ההכנסה מוגדר לפי שיעור המס שנקבע להכנסה הנוספת. לכן, העלייה בשיעורי המס השולי מביאה לירידת מחיר הפנאי. עם זאת, אם שיעור המס השולי יורד, עלות הפנאי עולה.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:4-20">[20]</a> הן גובהן של ההכנסה הלא ממוסה ושל ההכנסה הממוסה נקבעות לפי שיעור ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מס שולי">מס השולי</a>.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:4-20">[20]</a> זו הסיבה שמבחינת כלכלנים בצד-ההיצע, שיעורי המס השוליים ממלאים תפקיד משמעותי בקביעת התפתחות המשק. בשל תפקיד מכריע בקביעת כמה זמן יבזבזו העובדים על עבודה ופנאי או כמה הכנסה תוקדש לצריכה ולחסכון, כלכלני צד-ההיצע מתעקשים להפחית את שיעורי המס מכיוון שהם מאמינים שזה יכול לשפר את שיעורי הצמיחה של המשק. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="עקומת_לאפר">עקומת לאפר</h3> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "עקומת לאפר"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עקומת לאפר">עקומת לאפר</a> ממחישה קשר מתמטי בין הכנסות ממסים ושיעורי מס, ונעשתה פופולרית על ידי הכלכלן ארתור ב. לאפר ב-1974.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:4-20">[20]</a> כלכלת צד-ההיצע תלויה מאוד בהשלכות הנובעות מהקשר שמציגה העקומה. הוא מראה כי שיעורי מס גבוהים יכולים לעיתים להקטין את <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="בסיס המס">בסיס המס</a>, מה שיוביל לירידה בהכנסות ממסים.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-17">[17]</a> בשל ההשפעה שמפעילים המיסים על ההכנסה הממוסה, ייתכן שהתאמת שיעורי המס לא תוביל לשינויים יחסיים בהכנסות ממסים. לכן, חלק מהכלכלנים מצד-ההיצע מתעקשים כי הורדת שיעורי מס גבוהים תגרום לגידול בהכנסות ממסים. עקומת לאפר מגלמת עמדה של כלכלת צד-ההיצע: ששיעורי מס והכנסות ממסים הם שונים, כאשר הכנסות הממשלה ממסים זהות בשיעור מס של 100% כפי שהן בשיעור מס של 0%, וההכנסה מקסימלית איפשהו בין שני אלה, לאו דווקא בשיעור של 50%. כלכלני צד-היצע טענו כי בסביבת שיעורי מס גבוהים הורדת שיעורי המס תגרום להגדלת ההכנסות או להפסדי הכנסה קטנים יותר ממה שניתן היה לצפות בהסתמך על אומדנים סטטיים בלבד של בסיס המס הקודם.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Laffer,_A.-23">[23]</a><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bartlett-24">[24]</a> זה הוביל את תומכי צד-ההיצע לעודד הפחתות גדולות בשיעורי מס ההכנסה השולית ורווחי הון כדי לעודד השקעות גדולות יותר, מה שייצר יותר היצע. ג'וד וואנישקי ורבים אחרים דוגלים בביטול מוחלט של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מס רווח הון">מס רווחי הון</a>.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> ההיצע המצרפי המוגדל אמור לגרום לביקוש מצרפי מוגבר, ומכאן המונח "כלכלת צד-היצע". </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="היסטוריה">היסטוריה</h2> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "היסטוריה"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="רייגנומיקס_(השיטה_הכלכלית_של_רייגן)">רייגנומיקס (השיטה הכלכלית של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רונלד רייגן">רייגן</a>)</h3> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "רייגנומיקס (השיטה הכלכלית של רייגן)"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> בארצות הברית, פרשנים לעיתים קרובות משווים כלכלת צד-היצע עם <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A1&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="רייגנומיקס (הדף אינו קיים)">רייגנומיקס</a>. ממשלו של הנשיא <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="המפלגה הרפובליקנית">הרפובליקני</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רונלד רייגן">רונלד רייגן</a> קידם את ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מדיניות פיסקלית">מדיניות הפיסקלית</a> שלו כמבוססת על כלכלת צד-היצע. רייגן הפך את כלכלת צד-ההיצע לביטוי שגור בכל משק בית, והבטיח הפחתה כללית בשיעורי מס ההכנסה והפחתה גדולה עוד יותר בשיעורי מס רווחי הון.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> במהלך <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A2_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9F,_1980&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="מסע הבחירות לנשיאות רונלד רייגן, 1980 (הדף אינו קיים)">מסע הבחירות של רייגן לנשיאות ב-1980</a>, הדאגה הכלכלית המרכזית הייתה <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אינפלציה">אינפלציה</a> דו ספרתית, אותה תיאר רייגן כ"יותר מדי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="דולר אמריקאי">דולרים</a> רודפים אחרי מעט מדי סחורות". הוא הבטיח דרך הדרגתית ולא כואבת להילחם באינפלציה.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a> במעבר ממדיניות מוניטריסטית קודמת, יו"ר ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פדרל ריזרב">פדרל ריזרב</a>, <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פול וולקר">פול וולקר</a>, יישם <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מדיניות מוניטרית">מדיניות מוניטרית</a> הדוקה יותר, כולל צמיחה נמוכה יותר של היצע הכסף כדי לשבור את הפסיכולוגיה האינפלציונית ולסחוט את הציפיות האינפלציוניות מהמערכת הכלכלית.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a> לכן, תומכי צד-ההיצע טוענים כי הרייגנומיקס התבססה רק באופן חלקי על כלכלת צד-היצע. ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הקונגרס של ארצות הברית">קונגרס</a> תחת רייגן העביר תוכנית שתפחית מיסים בשווי עצום של 749 מיליארד דולר במשך חמש שנים. המבקרים טוענים כי הפחתת המיסים הגדילה את הגירעונות התקציביים של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הממשלה הפדרלית של ארצות הברית">הממשלה הפדרלית</a> בעוד שתומכי רייגן טענו כי הגירעון התקציבי היה פוחת אלמלא הגדלות מסיביות בהוצאות הצבאיות, שהיו הכרחיות בתקופת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="המלחמה הקרה">המלחמה הקרה</a>.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-capx-29">[29]</a> כתוצאה מכך, ג'ייסון הימוביץ' תיאר את רייגן - יחד עם <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A7_%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ג'ק קמפ">ג'ק קמפ</a> - כתומך גדול בכלכלת צד-היצע בפוליטיקה, ושיבח שוב ושוב את מנהיגותו.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> מבקרי הרייגנומיקס טוענים שהיא לא הצליחה לייצר הרבה מהרווחים המוגזמים שהבטיחו חלק מתומכי צד-ההיצע. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פול קרוגמן">פול קרוגמן</a> סיכם מאוחר יותר את המצב: "כשנבחר רונלד רייגן, לשוחרי צד-ההיצע הייתה הזדמנות לנסות את הרעיונות שלהם. למרבה הצער, הם נכשלו". למרות שהוא זיכה את כלכלת צד ההיצע על היותה מוצלחת יותר מה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מוניטריזם">מוניטריזם</a>, שלטענתו "הותירה את הכלכלה בהריסות", הוא הצהיר שכלכלת צד-ההיצע הניבה תוצאות "שלא הגשימו את מה שהיא הבטיחה", ותיאר את תאוריית צד-היצע בתור "ארוחות צהריים חינם, אגדה".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="שנות_קלינטון">שנות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ביל קלינטון">קלינטון</a></h3> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "שנות קלינטון"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Average_US_Federal_Tax_Rates_1979_to_2013.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Average_US_Federal_Tax_Rates_1979_to_2013.png/450px-Average_US_Federal_Tax_Rates_1979_to_2013.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="242" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1036" data-file-height="556"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 450px;height: 242px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Average_US_Federal_Tax_Rates_1979_to_2013.png/450px-Average_US_Federal_Tax_Rates_1979_to_2013.png" data-width="450" data-height="242" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Average_US_Federal_Tax_Rates_1979_to_2013.png/675px-Average_US_Federal_Tax_Rates_1979_to_2013.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Average_US_Federal_Tax_Rates_1979_to_2013.png/900px-Average_US_Federal_Tax_Rates_1979_to_2013.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> התרשים מציג את שיעורי המס הפדרליים הממוצעים המשולמים לפי רמות שונות של חלוקת ההכנסה. בתקופת קלינטון, המיסים על ההכנסות העליונות היו גבוהים יותר מאשר בתקופת רייגן.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CBO_2013-32">[32]</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פול קרוגמן">פול קרוגמן</a> טען כיצד מיסים גבוהים יותר על אנשים בעלי הכנסה גבוהה יותר, בשילוב עם יצירת מקומות עבודה גבוהים יותר תחת ממשל קלינטון, מייצגים דוגמה נגדית לדוקטרינת קיצוץ המס בתאוריית צד-ההיצע.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Krugman_Zombies17-33">[33]</a> קרוגמן קישר את הגרסה שלו לתרשים זה למאמר הקודם, והמחיש את שיעור מס ההכנסה הממוצע על המאיון העליון.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Krugman_TwitterChart-34">[34]</a> </figcaption> </figure> קלינטון חתם על "חוק איחוד התקציבים של אומניבוס משנת 1993", אשר העלה את שיעורי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מס הכנסה">מס ההכנסה</a> על הכנסות מעל 115,000 דולר, יצר מדרגות מס גבוהות נוספות עבור הכנסות תאגידיות מעל 335,000 דולר, הסיר את המגבלה על מיסי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מדיקר">מדיקר</a>, העלה את מיסי הדלק והגדיל את דמי הביטוח הלאומי, ועוד העלאות מס שונות. פרנקל ואורזג תיארו את "השמרנות הפיסקלית הפרוגרסיבית" של חבילת 1993: "<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="שמרנות">שמרנות</a> פיסקלית פרוגרסיבית כזו משלבת ניסיונות צנועים של חלוקה מחדש (המרכיב הפרוגרסיבי) ומשמעת תקציבית (המרכיב השמרני הפיסקאלי). כך כללה חבילת 1993 הפחתת הוצאות משמעותית והעלאות מס. אבל היא ריכזה את העלאות המס על משלמי המס בעלי ההכנסה הגבוהה, תוך הרחבת משמעותית של הזיכוי למס הכנסה, "Head Start" ותוכניות ממשלתיות אחרות המיועדות למשתכרים נמוכים יותר". העלאות המס הובילו להכנסות גדולות יותר (ביחס לקו בסיס ללא העלאת מס).<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-CBO_1999-35">[35]</a> הצעת החוק זכתה להתנגדות נחרצת על ידי ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="המפלגה הרפובליקנית">רפובליקנים</a>, במיוחד על ידי <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ג'ון קייסיק">ג'ון קייסיק</a> ו<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מצליף">מצליף המיעוט</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A5%27?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ניוט גינגריץ'">ניוט גינגריץ'</a>, שיצאו בהתקפה נחרצת על כך שהחוק עלול לגרום לאובדן מקומות עבודה ולהורדת הכנסות הממשלה הפדרלית.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kornacki-2011-36">[36]</a> ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="כלכלן">כלכלן</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="פול קרוגמן">פול קרוגמן</a> כתב ב-<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2017?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2017">2017</a> שהעלאות המס של קלינטון על העשירים היוו דוגמה נגדית לדוקטרינת הפחתת המס בצד ההיצע: "ביל קלינטון סיפק מבחן ברור, על ידי העלאת המיסים על העשירים. הרפובליקנים חזו אסון, אבל במקום זאת הכלכלה פרחה ויצרה יותר מקומות עבודה מאשר תחת רייגן".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Krugman_Zombies17-33">[33]</a> כלכלן צד-ההיצע אלן ריינולדס טען שעידן קלינטון מייצג המשך של מדיניות מס נמוך (משנות ה-80): "במציאות, מדיניות המס לא הייתה חד משמעית טובה יותר בשנות השמונים מאשר בשנות התשעים. שיעור מס ההכנסה הגבוה ביותר היה 50 אחוזים מ-1983 עד 1986, אך מתחת ל-40 אחוזים לאחר 1993. ומס רווחי הון היה 28 אחוזים מ-1987 עד 1997, אך רק 20 אחוז בשנים הפורחות של 1997-2000. בכנות, היו דברים טובים ורעים בשתי התקופות. אבל גם בשנות השמונים וגם בשנות התשעים הייתה מדיניות מס הרבה יותר חכמה מזו שהייתה לנו מ-1968 עד 1982".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="שנות_טראמפ">שנות <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="דונלד טראמפ">טראמפ</a></h3> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "שנות טראמפ"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> תומכי צד-היצע, לאפר והפרשנים הכלכליים <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="סטיבן מור">סטיבן מור</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="לורנס קדלו">ולארי קדלו</a> מילאו תפקידים בולטים בגיבוש המדיניות הכלכלית של טראמפ בכך שייעצו לו לגבי הפחתת המס שלו, כמו גם עידודם להוריד חסמי סחר.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a> לאפר ומור כתבו ספר משנת 2018 על המדיניות, Trumponomics. הכלכלן <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="גרגורי מנקיוב (הדף אינו קיים)">גרגורי מנקיוב</a> סקר את הספר ב-<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foreign_Affairs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>, ואפיין את ההצהרות סביב מדיניותו של טראמפ כ"כלכלה של הונאה". הוא מתח ביקורת על המחברים על כך שהם חוזרים "כמו תוכי", ללא בושה, על טענותיו של הנשיא על שיעורי הצמיחה השנתיים בתקופתו, שלטענתו של טראמפ היו טובים אך הנתונים הראו ששיעורי הצמיחה היו נמוכים מהצפוי, אך גרגורי גם מזכה אותם על כך שהם ממשיכים לתמוך בתפיסת הקונצנזוס הכלכלי שסחר חופשי טוב לכולם, בניגוד לדעות ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מרקנטיליזם">מרקנטיליסטיות</a> של הנשיא.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mankiw_SO_2-39">[39]</a> טראמפ יישם קיצוץ מס הכנסה של יחידים וחברות שנכנס לתוקף ב-2018. הפרופסור לכלכלה של רוטגרס, פארוק לנגדנה, טען כי הפחתות המס של טראמפ הן דוגמה למדיניות מס של תאוריית צד-היצע, תוך ציון מכתב תמיכה של כלכלנים הקשורים זה מכבר לתאוריית צד-היצע, המתאר אותן ככאלה.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> חלק מהתומכים בהורדת המיסים ב-2017 שיישם ממשל טראמפ טענו כי הפחתות המס יהיו נייטרליות, כלומר לא ישפיעו על הכנסות הממשלה הפדרלית. התומכים טענו זאת לפני העברת הפחתות המס והמשיכו לטעון כי הפחתות המס החזירו את עצמן בשנים שלאחר הפחתות המס; ה-CBO העריך ב-2017 כי הפחתות המס יגדילו את הגירעונות, וניתוחים שפורסמו בהמשך הראו כי הפחתות המס אכן הגדילו את הגירעונות.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="הניו יורק טיימס">הניו יורק טיימס</a> דיווח באוגוסט <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019">2019</a> כי: "הרמות הגוברות של 'דיו אדום' (ביטוי ציורי לגירעון) נובעות מירידה חדה בהכנסות הפדרליות לאחר הפחתות המס של מר טראמפ ב-2017, שהורידו את שיעורי המס של יחידים ותאגידים, וכתוצאה מכך זרמו הרבה פחות כספי מס למשרד האוצר. ההכנסות ממסים עבור 2018 ו-2019 נפלו ביותר מ-430 מיליארד דולר ממה שמשרד התקציבים חזה שיהיו ביוני 2017, לפני אישור חוק המס באותו דצמבר".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="תאוריית_מדיניות_פיסקלית">תאוריית מדיניות פיסקלית</h2> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "תאוריית מדיניות פיסקלית"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> מדיניויות פיסקליות בצד-היצע נועדו להגדיל את <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%94%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ההיצע המצרפי (הדף אינו קיים)">ההיצע המצרפי</a>, בניגוד <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ביקוש מצרפי">לביקוש המצרפי</a>, ובכך להרחיב את התפוקה והתעסוקה תוך הורדת מחירים. ישנן כמה סוגים כלליים של מדיניויות מהסוג הזה: <ol> <li>השקעות בהון אנושי, כגון חינוך, בריאות, ועידוד העברת טכנולוגיות ותהליכים עסקיים, לשיפור הפריון (תפוקה לעובד). עידוד סחר חופשי גלובלי באמצעות מכולות הוא דוגמה חשובה לאחרונה.</li> <li>הפחתת מס, כדי לתת תמריצים לעבוד, להשקיע ולקחת סיכונים. הורדת שיעורי מס הכנסה וביטול או הורדת תעריפים הם דוגמאות למדיניויות מסוג זה.</li> <li>השקעות בציוד הון חדש ובמחקר ופיתוח (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%22%D7%A4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מו"פ">מו"פ</a>), כדי לשפר עוד יותר את הפריון. מתן אפשרות לעסקים לרכוש ציוד הון מהר יותר (למשל, שנה לעומת עשר שנים), מעודד אותם לרכוש ציוד כזה.</li> <li>צמצום וביטול רגולציות וביורוקרטיות ממשלתיות, כדי לעדוד היווצרות והרחבה של עסקים.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chiang_Macrotext-45">[45]</a></li> </ol> אחד היתרונות של מדיניויות כאלה הוא שהסטת עקומת ההיצע המצרפית כלפי חוץ פירושה שניתן להוריד את המחירים יחד עם הרחבת התפוקה והתעסוקה. זאת בניגוד למדיניויות צד הביקוש (למשל, הוצאות ממשלתיות גבוהות יותר), שגם אם הן לעיתים רחוקות מוצלחות, הן נוטות ליצור לחצים אינפלציוניים (כלומר, להעלות את רמת המחירים המצרפית) כאשר עקומת הביקוש המצרפית זזה כלפי חוץ. השקעה בתשתיות היא דוגמה למדיניות שיש בה אלמנטים בצד הביקוש והן בצד ההיצע.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chiang_Macrotext-45">[45]</a> כלכלת צד-היצע גורסת כי מיסוי מוגבר מפחית בהתמדה את הפעילות הכלכלית בתוך מדינה ומרתיע השקעות. מיסים פועלים כסוג של חסם סחר או <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מכס">מכס</a> שגורם למשתתפים כלכליים לחזור לאמצעים פחות יעילים לסיפוק צורכיהם. ככזה, מיסוי גבוה יותר מוביל לרמות נמוכות יותר של התמחות ומקצועיות, וגורם ליעילות כלכלית נמוכה יותר, כפי שמומחש על ידי עקומת לאפר.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a> לכלכלנים בצד ההיצע יש פחות מה לומר על השפעות הגירעונות ולפעמים מצטטים את עבודתו של<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רוברט בארו">רוברט בארו</a> הקובעת שגורמים כלכליים רציונליים יקנו <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="איגרת חוב">איגרות חוב</a> בכמות מספקת כדי להפחית את שיעורי הריבית לטווח ארוך.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="השפעה_על_צמיחה_כלכלית_והכנסות_ממסים">השפעה על צמיחה כלכלית והכנסות ממסים</h2> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "השפעה על צמיחה כלכלית והכנסות ממסים"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Bottom_90%25_v2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Bottom_90%25_v2.jpg/220px-State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Bottom_90%25_v2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1065" data-file-height="714"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Bottom_90%25_v2.jpg/220px-State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Bottom_90%25_v2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Bottom_90%25_v2.jpg/330px-State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Bottom_90%25_v2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Bottom_90%25_v2.jpg/440px-State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Bottom_90%25_v2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> הפחתות המס על בעלי הכנסה גבוהה בלבד (העשירון העליון) אינן מתואמות עם גידול בתעסוקה, אך הפחתות מס על בעלי הכנסה נמוכה (90%) מתואמות עם גידול בתעסוקה.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Top_10%25.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Top_10%25.jpg/220px-State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Top_10%25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="761"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Top_10%25.jpg/220px-State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Top_10%25.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Top_10%25.jpg/330px-State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Top_10%25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Top_10%25.jpg/440px-State_Employment_growth_and_Tax_Changes_for_the_Top_10%25.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> כלכלני צד-היצע טוענים כי מיסים נמוכים יותר מובילים לצמיחה בתעסוקה. זה נכון כאשר מורידים מיסים לכולם. בגרף זה, לדוגמה, אין מתאם בין הפחתות מס לעשירון העליון לבין גידול בשיעור התעסוקה. </figcaption> </figure> ברוס בארטלט אמר ב-2007 כי "תומכי תאוריית צד-ההיצע טענו שקיצוצי מס מסוימים, בנסיבות מיוחדות מאוד, עשויות להעלות את ההכנסות הפדרליות, אבל היום מקובל לשמוע את מקצצי המיסים טוענים, באופן בלתי סביר, שכל הפחתת המיסים מעלה הכנסות".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bartlett-24">[24]</a> כמה כלכלנים אינם מחשיבים את כלכלת צד-ההיצע כתיאוריה כלכלית בת קיימא. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="אלן בלינדר (הדף אינו קיים)">אלן בלינדר</a> כינה אותה אסכולה ש"מביאה מזל רע" ואפילו "מטופשת", על דפי ספר לימוד משנת 2006.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Blinder-49">[49]</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%92_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="גרג מנקיוב (הדף אינו קיים)">גרג מנקיוו</a>, לשעבר יו"ר <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מועצת היועצים הכלכליים של ארצות הברית">מועצת היועצים הכלכליים</a> של ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="נשיא ארצות הברית">נשיא</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ג'ורג' ווקר בוש">ג'ורג' וו. בוש</a>, העביר ביקורת חריפה דומה על האסכולה במהדורות המוקדמות של ספר המבוא שלו לכלכלה. "קיצוצי מס רק לעיתים רחוקות מחזירים את עצמם. הקריאה שלי בספרות האקדמית גורמת לי להאמין שכשליש מהעלות של הורדת מס טיפוסית מוחזרת עם צמיחה כלכלית מהירה יותר".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a> במאמר משנת 1992 עבור <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="סקירה בינלאומית של הרווארד (הדף אינו קיים)">הרווארד אינטרנשיונל ריוויו</a> כתב <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ג'יימס טובין">ג'יימס טובין</a>: "הרעיון של '<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עקומת לאפר">עקומת לאפר</a>' לפיו קיצוץ מס יגדיל את ההכנסות התברר כראוי ללעג".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tobin-51">[51]</a> קארל קייס וריי פייר כתבו ב-Principles of Economics, כי "ההבטחות הקיצוניות של כלכלת צד-היצע לא התממשו. הנשיא רייגן טען שבגלל ההשפעה המתוארת בעקומת לאפר, הממשלה יכולה לשמור על הוצאות, להוריד את שיעורי המס ולאזן את התקציב. זה לא היה המקרה. הכנסות הממשלה ירדו בחדות מרמות שהיו מתממשות ללא הפחתות המס".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Case_&_Fair-52">[52]</a> תומכי צד-היצע ידועים, טרבנדט ואוהליג, טוענים כי "הניקוד הסטטי מעריך יתר על המידה את אובדן ההכנסות מהפחתות במס עבודה והון" וכי "<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%99&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="ניקוד דינמי (הדף אינו קיים)">ניקוד דינמי</a>" מנבא טוב יותר את השפעות הפחתת המס.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated2-53">[53]</a> מחקר משנת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1999?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1999">1999</a> של הכלכלן <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%99&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="אוסטן גולסבי (הדף אינו קיים)">אוסטן גולסבי</a> מ<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%92%D7%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אוניברסיטת שיקגו">אוניברסיטת שיקגו</a>, שבחן שינויים משמעותיים בשיעורי מס ההכנסה הגבוהים בארצות הברית משנות ה-20 ואילך, הגיע למסקנה שיש שינויים מתונים בלבד בהכנסה המדווחת של אנשים בעלי הכנסה גבוהה, מה שמצביע על כך שלשינויי המס היו השפעה קטנה על כמות האנשים העובדים.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-54">[54]</a><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a> הוא הגיע למסקנה כי התפיסה שממשלות יכולות לגייס יותר כסף על ידי הפחתת שיעורים "לא סביר שתהיה נכונה בשום דבר בהתחשב בשיעורי המס השוליים של היום".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-54">[54]</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9A_%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסמך עמדה">נייר עמדה</a> משנת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2008">2008</a> מצא שבמקרה של <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="רוסיה">רוסיה</a>, "קיצוץ בשיעורי המס יכול להגדיל את ההכנסות על ידי שיפור ציות לפקודת המס".<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PappTakats-56">[56]</a> סקר משנת <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2012?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2012">2012</a> מצא קונצנזוס בקרב כלכלנים מובילים כי הפחתת שיעור מס ההכנסה הפדרלי ב<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ארצות הברית">ארצות הברית</a> תעלה את ה<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תוצר מקומי גולמי">תמ"ג</a> אך לא תגדיל את ההכנסות ממסים.<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-booth-57">[57]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="לקריאה_נוספת">לקריאה נוספת</h2> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "לקריאה נוספת"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li>Sowell, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tsowell.com/images/Hoover%2520Proof.pdf">"Trickle Down" Theory and "Tax Cuts for the Rich"</a>.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36773988">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation .reference-accessdate,.mw-parser-output .citation .reference-archive{unicode-bidi:isolate;direction:rtl}.mw-parser-output .citation .external{unicode-bidi:isolate}.mw-parser-output .reference-accessdate,.mw-parser-output .reference-archive-date{display:none}</style><cite id="CITEREFGwartney2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gwartney, James D. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/SupplySideEconomics.html">"Supply-Side Economics"</a>. In <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_R._Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David R. Henderson (הדף אינו קיים)">David R. Henderson</a> (ed.). <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Concise_Encyclopedia_of_Economics&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Concise Encyclopedia of Economics (הדף אינו קיים)">Concise Encyclopedia of Economics</a> (2nd ed.). Indianapolis: <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Library_of_Economics_and_Liberty&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Library of Economics and Liberty (הדף אינו קיים)">Library of Economics and Liberty</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/978-0865976658?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/978-0865976658"><bdi>978-0865976658</bdi></a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/237794267">237794267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Supply-Side+Economics&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Economics&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Library+of+Economics+and+Liberty&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F237794267&rft.isbn=978-0865976658&rft.aulast=Gwartney&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econlib.org%2Flibrary%2FEnc%2FSupplySideEconomics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.robertmundell.net/NobelLecture/nobel5.asp">"Portion of Mundell's Nobel Prize Lecture"</a> (awarded for unrelated work in <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimum_currency_area" class="extiw" title="en:Optimum currency area">optimum currency area</a>). Claiming that supply side economics was responsible for growth, price stability and the collapse of the Soviet Union.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630011354/http://www.yorktownuniversity.com/grad_libraries_supply_side.cfm">"Supply Side Library"</a>. A collection of essays and studies by Robert Mundell, Paul Craig Roberts, Stephen Entin and <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Reynolds_(economist)" class="extiw" title="en:Alan Reynolds (economist)">Alan Reynolds</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="קישורים_חיצוניים">קישורים חיצוניים</h2> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "קישורים חיצוניים"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/topic/supply-side-economics">כלכלת צד-היצע</a>, באתר <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="אנציקלופדיה בריטניקה">אנציקלופדיה בריטניקה</a> (באנגלית)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36549940">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;font-weight:bold;color:#555}</style></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="הערות_שוליים">הערות שוליים</h2> <a role="button" href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="עריכת פסקה: "הערות שוליים"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> עריכה </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="reflist references-small"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GoodwinHarris2015-1"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-GoodwinHarris2015_1-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFNeva_GoodwinJonathan_M._HarrisJulie_A._NelsonBrian_Roach2015" class="citation book cs1">Neva Goodwin; Jonathan M. Harris; Julie A. Nelson; Brian Roach; Mariano Torras (4 במרץ 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DJvHqBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA286">Principles of Economics in Context</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Routledge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 286. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/978-1-317-46217-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/978-1-317-46217-0"><bdi>978-1-317-46217-0</bdi></a>. <q>supply-side-economics: the macroeconomic theory [...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Economics+in+Context&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.isbn=978-1-317-46217-0&rft.au=Neva+Goodwin&rft.au=Jonathan+M.+Harris&rft.au=Julie+A.+Nelson&rft.au=Brian+Roach&rft.au=Mariano+Torras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJvHqBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Dwivedi2010-2"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dwivedi2010_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFDwivedi2010" class="citation book cs1">Dwivedi (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DChuoPjW9NXcC%26pg%3DPA372">Macroeconomics, 3E</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tata_McGraw-Hill&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tata McGraw-Hill (הדף אינו קיים)">Tata McGraw-Hill</a> Education. p. 372. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/978-0-07-009145-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/978-0-07-009145-0"><bdi>978-0-07-009145-0</bdi></a>. <q>The supply-side economics is the most recent macroeconomic thought.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macroeconomics%2C+3E&rft.pages=372&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-07-009145-0&rft.au=Dwivedi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DChuoPjW9NXcC%26pg%3DPA372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFWanniski1978" class="citation book cs1">Wanniski, Jude (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/wayworldworks00jude">The Way the World Works: How Economies Fail—and Succeed</a>. New York: Basic Books. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/0-465-09095-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/0-465-09095-8"><bdi>0-465-09095-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Way+the+World+Works%3A+How+Economies+Fail%E2%80%94and+Succeed&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-465-09095-8&rft.aulast=Wanniski&rft.aufirst=Jude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwayworldworks00jude&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1998" class="citation web cs1">Campbell, John L. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/657900">"Institutional Analysis and the Role of Ideas in Political Economy"</a>. Theory and Society. pp. 377–409. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%94%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מזהה עצם דיגיטלי">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1023%252FA%253A1006871114987">10.1023/A:1006871114987</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0304-2421">0304-2421</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/657900">657900</a>. <q>The Laffer curve became a powerful pedagogical symbol that many supply siders used when presenting their position.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theory+and+Society&rft.atitle=Institutional+Analysis+and+the+Role+of+Ideas+in+Political+Economy&rft.pages=377-409&rft.date=1998&rft.issn=0304-2421&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F657900%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1006871114987&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F657900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFKyerMaggs1994" class="citation journal cs1">Kyer, Ben L.; Maggs, Gary E. (1994). "A Macroeconomic Approach to Teaching Supply-Side Economics". The Journal of Economic Education. 25 (1): 44–48. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%94%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מזהה עצם דיגיטלי">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F1182895">10.2307/1182895</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0485">0022-0485</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1182895">1182895</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Economic+Education&rft.atitle=A+Macroeconomic+Approach+to+Teaching+Supply-Side+Economics&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=44-48&rft.date=1994&rft.issn=0022-0485&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1182895%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1182895&rft.aulast=Kyer&rft.aufirst=Ben+L.&rft.au=Maggs%2C+Gary+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFKolb2018" class="citation book cs1">Kolb, Robert W. (27 במרץ 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DeHxTDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522supply-side%2Beconomics%2522%2Btenet%26pg%3DPA3303">The SAGE Encyclopedia of Business Ethics and Society</a> (באנגלית). SAGE Publications. p. 3303. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/978-1-4833-8151-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/978-1-4833-8151-0"><bdi>978-1-4833-8151-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SAGE+Encyclopedia+of+Business+Ethics+and+Society&rft.pages=3303&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2018-03-27&rft.isbn=978-1-4833-8151-0&rft.aulast=Kolb&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeHxTDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522supply-side%2Beconomics%2522%2Btenet%26pg%3DPA3303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFMankiw2020" class="citation book cs1">Mankiw, N. Gregory (1 בינואר 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DKQfFDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522supply-side%2Beconomics%2522%2B%2522revenue%2522%26pg%3DPP1">Principles of Economics</a> (באנגלית). Cengage Learning. pp. 161–162. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/978-0-357-13380-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/978-0-357-13380-4"><bdi>978-0-357-13380-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Economics&rft.pages=161-162&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-357-13380-4&rft.aulast=Mankiw&rft.aufirst=N.+Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKQfFDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522supply-side%2Beconomics%2522%2B%2522revenue%2522%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> "the U.S. marginal top rate is far from the top of the Laffer curve." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFSaezSlemrodGiertz2009" class="citation web cs1">Saez, Emmanuel; Slemrod, Joel; Giertz, Seth (1 בינואר 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/econfacpub/54">"The Elasticity of Taxable Income with Respect to Marginal Tax Rates: A Critical Review"</a>. Economics Department Faculty Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economics+Department+Faculty+Publications&rft.atitle=The+Elasticity+of+Taxable+Income+with+Respect+to+Marginal+Tax+Rates%3A+A+Critical+Review&rft.date=2009-01-01&rft.aulast=Saez&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft.au=Slemrod%2C+Joel&rft.au=Giertz%2C+Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.unl.edu%2Feconfacpub%2F54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_D._Atkinson2007" class="citation book cs1">Robert D. Atkinson (29 באוקטובר 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dlv0GSig8CAAC">Supply-Side Follies: Why Conservative Economics Fails, Liberal Economics Falters, and Innovation Economics Is the Answer</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 50. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/978-0-7425-5107-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/978-0-7425-5107-7"><bdi>978-0-7425-5107-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supply-Side+Follies%3A+Why+Conservative+Economics+Fails%2C+Liberal+Economics+Falters%2C+and+Innovation+Economics+Is+the+Answer&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2007-10-29&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-5107-7&rft.au=Robert+D.+Atkinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlv0GSig8CAAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-case_780-10"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-case_780_10-0">^</a> Case, Karl E. & Fair, Ray C. (1999). Principles of Economics (5th ed.), p. 780. Prentice-Hall. ISBN <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/0-13-961905-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/0-13-961905-4">0-13-961905-4</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtRittaler1989" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt, I.; Rittaler, J. B. (28 בפברואר 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D-zVTD8v_qlsC%26q%3Dsupply%2520side%2520economics%2520chicago%2520school%26pg%3DPA105">A Critical Evaluation of the Chicago School of Antitrust Analysis</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/9789024737925?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/9789024737925"><bdi>9789024737925</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Critical+Evaluation+of+the+Chicago+School+of+Antitrust+Analysis&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=1989-02-28&rft.isbn=9789024737925&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.au=Rittaler%2C+J.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-zVTD8v_qlsC%26q%3Dsupply%2520side%2520economics%2520chicago%2520school%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFGandhiEbrillShomeAnton1987" class="citation book cs1">Gandhi, Mr Ved P.; Ebrill, Mr Liam P.; Shome, Mr Parthasrathi; Anton, Mr Luis A. Manas; Modi, Jitendra R.; Sanchez-Ugarte, Mr Fernando J.; Mackenzie, Mr G. A. (15 ביוני 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Ds8SEaWZrSEQC">Supply-Side Tax Policy: Its Relevance to Developing Countries</a>. International Monetary Fund. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/9781455271962?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/9781455271962"><bdi>9781455271962</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supply-Side+Tax+Policy%3A+Its+Relevance+to+Developing+Countries&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=1987-06-15&rft.isbn=9781455271962&rft.aulast=Gandhi&rft.aufirst=Mr+Ved+P.&rft.au=Ebrill%2C+Mr+Liam+P.&rft.au=Shome%2C+Mr+Parthasrathi&rft.au=Anton%2C+Mr+Luis+A.+Manas&rft.au=Modi%2C+Jitendra+R.&rft.au=Sanchez-Ugarte%2C+Mr+Fernando+J.&rft.au=Mackenzie%2C+Mr+G.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds8SEaWZrSEQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFBartlett" class="citation web cs1">Bartlett, Bruce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.uconn.edu/cunningham/econ309/lafferpdf.pdf">"Supply-Side Economics: "Voodoo Economics" or Lasting Contribution?"</a> (PDF). Laffer Associates: Supply-Side Investment Research. נבדק ב-17 בנובמבר 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Laffer+Associates%3A+Supply-Side+Investment+Research&rft.atitle=Supply-Side+Economics%3A+%22Voodoo+Economics%22+or+Lasting+Contribution%3F&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.uconn.edu%2Fcunningham%2Fecon309%2Flafferpdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> Gray, pp. 26–7 Liberalism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995. ISBN <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/0-8166-2801-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/0-8166-2801-7">0-8166-2801-7</a></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsTaylor2000" class="citation journal cs1">Burns, John W.; Taylor, Andrew J. (2000). "The Mythical Causes of the Republican Supply-Side Economics Revolution". Party Politics (באנגלית). 6 (4): 419–440. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%94%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מזהה עצם דיגיטלי">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1177%252F1354068800006004002">10.1177/1354068800006004002</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1354-0688">1354-0688</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Party+Politics&rft.atitle=The+Mythical+Causes+of+the+Republican+Supply-Side+Economics+Revolution&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=419-440&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1354068800006004002&rft.issn=1354-0688&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Andrew+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFGrossMedvetzRussell2011" class="citation journal cs1">Gross, Neil; Medvetz, Thomas; Russell, Rupert (11 באוגוסט 2011). "The Contemporary American Conservative Movement". Annual Review of Sociology (באנגלית). 37 (1): 325–354. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%94%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מזהה עצם דיגיטלי">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1146%252Fannurev-soc-081309-150050">10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150050</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0360-0572">0360-0572</a>. <q>Jude Wanniski, who wrote the supply-side economics bible, The Way the World Works (1978), while an AEI scholar-in-residence</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Sociology&rft.atitle=The+Contemporary+American+Conservative+Movement&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=325-354&rft.date=2011-08-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev-soc-081309-150050&rft.issn=0360-0572&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft.au=Medvetz%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Russell%2C+Rupert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_journal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-:1-17">^ <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_17-0">1</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_17-1">2</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_17-2">3</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFGwartneyStroup1987" class="citation book cs1">Gwartney, James D.; Stroup, Richard L. (1987). Macroeconomics, 4th ed. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 253.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macroeconomics%2C+4th+ed.&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Gwartney&rft.aufirst=James+D.&rft.au=Stroup%2C+Richard+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:3-18">^ <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:3_18-0">1</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:3_18-1">2</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:3_18-2">3</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFP.1984" class="citation book cs1">P., Bosworth, Barry (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://worldcat.org/oclc/797160531">Tax incentives and economic growth</a>. Brookings Institution. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/0-8157-1035-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/0-8157-1035-6"><bdi>0-8157-1035-6</bdi></a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/797160531">797160531</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tax+incentives+and+economic+growth&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F797160531&rft.isbn=0-8157-1035-6&rft.aulast=P.&rft.aufirst=Bosworth%2C+Barry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F797160531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFFeldstein1986" class="citation web cs1">Feldstein, Martin (בינואר 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1792">"Supply Side Economics: Old Truths and New Claims"</a>. Cambridge, MA. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%94%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מזהה עצם דיגיטלי">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.3386%252Fw1792">10.3386/w1792</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supply+Side+Economics%3A+Old+Truths+and+New+Claims&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.date=1986-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3386%2Fw1792&rft.aulast=Feldstein&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3386%2Fw1792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-:4-20">^ <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:4_20-0">1</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:4_20-1">2</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:4_20-2">3</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:4_20-3">4</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:4_20-4">5</a> Son, Hyung Chan. 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Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34831">http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34831</a></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> Fink, Richeard H., Supply-Side Economics, University Publications of Amer - ica, Inc., 1982.</li> <li id="cite_note-:5-22">^ <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:5_22-0">1</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:5_22-1">2</a> Roberts, Paul C., The Supply-Side Revolution, Harvard University, 1984.</li> <li id="cite_note-Laffer,_A.-23"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Laffer,_A._23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFLaffer2004" class="citation web cs1">Laffer, Arthur (1 ביוני 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.heritage.org/Research/Taxes/bg1765.cfm">"The Laffer Curve, Past, Present and Future"</a>. The Heritage Foundation. נבדק ב-11 בדצמבר 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Laffer+Curve%2C+Past%2C+Present+and+Future.&rft.pub=The+Heritage+Foundation&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.aulast=Laffer&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2FResearch%2FTaxes%2Fbg1765.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Bartlett-24">^ <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bartlett_24-0">1</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bartlett_24-1">2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFBartlett2007" class="citation news cs1">Bartlett, Bruce (6 באפריל 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/06/opinion/06bartlett.html">"How Supply-Side Economics Trickled Down"</a>. New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Supply-Side+Economics+Trickled+Down&rft.date=2007-04-06&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F06%2Fopinion%2F06bartlett.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_news?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_Reynolds1999" class="citation web cs1">Alan Reynolds (ביולי 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050718013109/http://www.asx.com.au/about/pdf/cgt.pdf">"Capital gains tax: Analysis of reform options for Australia"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hudson_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hudson Institute (הדף אינו קיים)">Hudson Institute</a>. אורכב מ-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.asx.com.au/about/pdf/cgt.pdf">המקור</a> (PDF) ב-18 ביולי 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Capital+gains+tax%3A+Analysis+of+reform+options+for+Australia&rft.pub=Hudson+Institute&rft.date=1999-07&rft.au=Alan+Reynolds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asx.com.au%2Fabout%2Fpdf%2Fcgt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> (Karl Case ad Ray Fair, 1999: pp. 781–2).</li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a> Case & Fair, pp. 781–2.</li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a> Malabre, Jr., pp. 170–1.</li> <li id="cite_note-capx-29"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-capx_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://capx.co/busting-the-lefts-myths-about-reaganomics/">"Busting the Left's myths about Reaganomics"</a>. CapX. 22 ביוני 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CapX&rft.atitle=Busting+the+Left%27s+myths+about+Reaganomics&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcapx.co%2Fbusting-the-lefts-myths-about-reaganomics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a> Malabre, Jr., p. 188.</li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> Malabre, Jr., p. 195.</li> <li id="cite_note-CBO_2013-32"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CBO_2013_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://cbo.gov/publication/44604">"The Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 2010"</a>. The US Congressional Budget Office (CBO). 4 בדצמבר 2013. נבדק ב-6 בינואר 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Distribution+of+Household+Income+and+Federal+Taxes%2C+2010&rft.pub=The+US+Congressional+Budget+Office+%28CBO%29&rft.date=2013-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcbo.gov%2Fpublication%2F44604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Krugman_Zombies17-33">^ <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Krugman_Zombies17_33-0">1</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Krugman_Zombies17_33-1">2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/24/opinion/zombies-of-voodoo-economics.html">"Zombies of Voodoo Economics"</a>. nytimes.com. 24 באפריל 2017. נבדק ב-6 במרץ 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nytimes.com&rft.atitle=Zombies+of+Voodoo+Economics&rft.date=2017-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F04%2F24%2Fopinion%2Fzombies-of-voodoo-economics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_news?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Krugman_TwitterChart-34"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Krugman_TwitterChart_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://twitter.com/paulkrugman/status/855902141751238657">"Twitter post: Tax rate chart"</a>. Paul Krugman. 22 באפריל 2017. נבדק ב-6 במרץ 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Twitter+post%3A+Tax+rate+chart&rft.pub=Paul+Krugman&rft.date=2017-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fpaulkrugman%2Fstatus%2F855902141751238657&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-CBO_1999-35"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-CBO_1999_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/106th-congress-1999-2000/reports/eb0199.pdf">"The Economic and Budget Outlook: Fiscal years 2000-2009"</a> (PDF). cbo.gov. בינואר 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbo.gov&rft.atitle=The+Economic+and+Budget+Outlook%3A+Fiscal+years+2000-2009&rft.date=1999-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbo.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F106th-congress-1999-2000%2Freports%2Feb0199.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Kornacki-2011-36"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kornacki-2011_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFKornacki2011" class="citation news cs1">Kornacki, Steve (19 באפריל 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.salon.com/2011/04/19/republicans_deficit_taxes/">"The decade the GOP hopes you've forgotten"</a>. Salon. נבדק ב-22 בדצמבר 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+decade+the+GOP+hopes+you%27ve+forgotten&rft.date=2011-04-19&rft.aulast=Kornacki&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2011%2F04%2F19%2Frepublicans_deficit_taxes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_news?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307578425">Supply Side Economics After 30 years, Presentation at Vanderbilt University</a>". <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Research_Gate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Research Gate">Research Gate</a>. 23 January 2003. Retrieved 5 March 2020.</li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFSchreckinger" class="citation web cs1">Schreckinger, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/04/22/reagan-trump-economy-226704/">"Reagan's Supply-Side Warriors Blaze a Comeback Under Trump"</a>. POLITICO Magazine. <q>Members of the tight-knit group have shaped Trump’s signature tax cut, helped install each other in posts with vast influence over the global economy, and are working to channel Trump’s mercantilist instincts into pro-trade policies. ... The supply-siders began pushing Trump on trade, advising him to encourage a lowering of trade barriers on all sides, rather than raising them. Last June, Kudlow persuaded Trump to float the idea of the world governments eliminating all tariffs at a G-7 summit in Quebec.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=POLITICO+Magazine&rft.atitle=Reagan%27s+Supply-Side+Warriors+Blaze+a+Comeback+Under+Trump&rft.aulast=Schreckinger&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2019%2F04%2F22%2Freagan-trump-economy-226704%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Mankiw_SO_2-39"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mankiw_SO_2_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFMankiw2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gregory_Mankiw&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gregory Mankiw (הדף אינו קיים)">Mankiw, Gregory</a> (2019-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/mankiw/files/snake-oil_economics.pdf">"Snake-Oil Economics - The Bad Math Behind Trump's Policies"</a> (PDF). <q>One might reasonably argue that Trump’s tax cuts will increase growth over the next decade by as much as half a percentage point per year. But that is a long way from the one - to four-percentage-point boost that the president and his associates have bragged of, and that Moore and Laffer quote without explanation, caveat, or apology.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snake-Oil+Economics+-+The+Bad+Math+Behind+Trump%27s+Policies&rft.date=2019-02-01&rft.aulast=Mankiw&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.harvard.edu%2Ffiles%2Fmankiw%2Ffiles%2Fsnake-oil_economics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.business.rutgers.edu/business-insights/supply-side-economic-theory-powers-trump-tax-plan">"Supply-side economic theory powers Trump tax plan"</a>. Rutgers Business School-Newark and New Brunswick.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rutgers+Business+School-Newark+and+New+Brunswick&rft.atitle=Supply-side+economic+theory+powers+Trump+tax+plan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business.rutgers.edu%2Fbusiness-insights%2Fsupply-side-economic-theory-powers-trump-tax-plan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFPramuk2017" class="citation web cs1">Pramuk, Jacob (8 בנובמבר 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/08/house-tax-reform-plan-would-raise-deficit-by-1-point-7-trillion-cbo.html">"GOP tax cut plan would add $1.7 trillion to the deficit, CBO projects"</a>. CNBC (באנגלית). נבדק ב-16 ביוני 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=GOP+tax+cut+plan+would+add+%241.7+trillion+to+the+deficit%2C+CBO+projects&rft.date=2017-11-08&rft.aulast=Pramuk&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2017%2F11%2F08%2Fhouse-tax-reform-plan-would-raise-deficit-by-1-point-7-trillion-cbo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFGore2018" class="citation web cs1">Gore, D'Angelo (2 באוגוסט 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.factcheck.org/2018/08/cbo-didnt-say-tax-cuts-were-virtually-paid-for/">"CBO Didn't Say Tax Cuts Were 'Virtually Paid For'"</a>. FactCheck.org (באנגלית אמריקאית). נבדק ב-16 ביוני 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FactCheck.org&rft.atitle=CBO+Didn%27t+Say+Tax+Cuts+Were+%27Virtually+Paid+For%27&rft.date=2018-08-02&rft.aulast=Gore&rft.aufirst=D%27Angelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2018%2F08%2Fcbo-didnt-say-tax-cuts-were-virtually-paid-for%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFKiely2019" class="citation web cs1">Kiely, Eugene (12 במרץ 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.factcheck.org/2019/03/larry-kudlows-revenue-deception/">"Larry Kudlow's Revenue Deception"</a>. FactCheck.org (באנגלית אמריקאית). נבדק ב-16 ביוני 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FactCheck.org&rft.atitle=Larry+Kudlow%27s+Revenue+Deception&rft.date=2019-03-12&rft.aulast=Kiely&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2019%2F03%2Flarry-kudlows-revenue-deception%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFTankersleyCochrane2019" class="citation news cs1">Tankersley, Jim; Cochrane, Emily (21 באוגוסט 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/21/us/politics/deficit-will-reach-1-trillion-next-year-budget-office-predicts.html">"Deficit Will Reach $1 Trillion Next Year, Budget Office Predicts"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Deficit+Will+Reach+%241+Trillion+Next+Year%2C+Budget+Office+Predicts&rft.date=2019-08-21&rft.aulast=Tankersley&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Cochrane%2C+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F08%2F21%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdeficit-will-reach-1-trillion-next-year-budget-office-predicts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_news?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Chiang_Macrotext-45">^ <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chiang_Macrotext_45-0">1</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chiang_Macrotext_45-1">2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFChiang2014" class="citation book cs1">Chiang, Eric (2014). CoreMacroeconomics 3rd ed. Worth Publishers. p. 245. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/978-1-4292-7849-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/978-1-4292-7849-2"><bdi>978-1-4292-7849-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CoreMacroeconomics+3rd+ed.&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=Worth+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4292-7849-2&rft.aulast=Chiang&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> (Karl Case and Ray Fair, 1999: pp. 780–1).</li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090806212202/http://www.treas.gov/offices/economic-policy/round_table_documents/2004/reynolds.pdf">"The "Conventional" Hypothesis: Deficit Estimates, Savings Rates, Twin Deficits and Yield Curves"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cato_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cato Institute (הדף אינו קיים)">Cato Institute</a>. אורכב מ-<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.treas.gov/offices/economic-policy/round_table_documents/2004/reynolds.pdf">המקור</a> (PDF) ב-6 באוגוסט 2009. נבדק ב-19 באוקטובר 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%22Conventional%22+Hypothesis%3A+Deficit+Estimates%2C+Savings+Rates%2C+Twin+Deficits+and+Yield+Curves&rft.pub=Cato+Institute&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treas.gov%2Foffices%2Feconomic-policy%2Fround_table_documents%2F2004%2Freynolds.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/19/tax-cuts-for-job-creators/">"Tax Cuts for Job Creators"</a>. The New York Times. 19 באוקטובר 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tax+Cuts+for+Job+Creators&rft.date=2012-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomix.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F10%2F19%2Ftax-cuts-for-job-creators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_news?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Blinder-49"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Blinder_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFBlinder2006" class="citation book cs1">Blinder, A. S. (2006). "Can fiscal policy improve macro-stabilization". In Kopcke, E.; Tootell, G. M. B.; Triest, R. K. (eds.). The macroeconomics of fiscal policy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pp. 23–62. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/0-262-11295-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/0-262-11295-7"><bdi>0-262-11295-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Can+fiscal+policy+improve+macro-stabilization&rft.btitle=The+macroeconomics+of+fiscal+policy&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=23-62&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-262-11295-7&rft.aulast=Blinder&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFMankiw2017" class="citation news cs1">Mankiw, N. Gregory (2 ביוני 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/02/upshot/a-tax-cut-might-be-nice-but-remember-the-deficit.html">"A Tax Cut Might Be Nice. But Remember the Deficit"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Tax+Cut+Might+Be+Nice.+But+Remember+the+Deficit.&rft.date=2017-06-02&rft.aulast=Mankiw&rft.aufirst=N.+Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F02%2Fupshot%2Fa-tax-cut-might-be-nice-but-remember-the-deficit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_news?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Tobin-51"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tobin_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFTobin1992" class="citation journal cs1">Tobin, J. (1992). "Voodoo curse". Harvard International Review. 14 (4): 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+International+Review&rft.atitle=Voodoo+curse&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Case_&_Fair-52"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Case_&_Fair_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFCaseFair,_R._C.2007" class="citation book cs1">Case, K. E.; Fair, R. C. (2007). Principles of Economics (8th ed.). Upper Saddle Rive, NJ: Prentice Hall. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%AA%22%D7%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מסת"ב">ISBN</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA/978-0-13-228914-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="מיוחד:משאבי ספרות/978-0-13-228914-6"><bdi>978-0-13-228914-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Economics&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+Rive%2C+NJ&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-13-228914-6&rft.aulast=Case&rft.aufirst=K.+E.&rft.au=Fair%2C+R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-53"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated2_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://sfb649.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/papers/pdf/SFB649DP2006-023.pdf">"Microsoft Word – SFB DP Frontpage.doc"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Word+%E2%80%93+SFB+DP+Frontpage.doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfb649.wiwi.hu-berlin.de%2Fpapers%2Fpdf%2FSFB649DP2006-023.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:2-54">^ <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_54-0">1</a> <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_54-1">2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFGoolsbee1999" class="citation journal cs1">Goolsbee, Austan (1999). "Evidence on the High-Income Laffer Curve from Six Decades of Tax Reform". Brookings Papers on Economic Activity. 1999 (2): 1–64. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%94%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="מזהה עצם דיגיטלי">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2307%252F2534678">10.2307/2534678</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISSN">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0007-2303">0007-2303</a>. <a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2534678">2534678</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brookings+Papers+on+Economic+Activity&rft.atitle=Evidence+on+the+High-Income+Laffer+Curve+from+Six+Decades+of+Tax+Reform&rft.volume=1999&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-64&rft.date=1999&rft.issn=0007-2303&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2534678%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2534678&rft.aulast=Goolsbee&rft.aufirst=Austan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/02/20/a-new-crop-of-candidates-discovers-the-father-of-supply-side-economics/">"A new crop of candidates discovers the father of supply side economics"</a>. The Washington Post. 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+new+crop+of+candidates+discovers+the+father+of+supply+side+economics&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2015%2F02%2F20%2Fa-new-crop-of-candidates-discovers-the-father-of-supply-side-economics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-PappTakats-56"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PappTakats_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite id="CITEREFPapp,_TKTakáts,_E" class="citation web cs1">Papp, TK; Takáts, E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2008/wp0807.pdf">"Tax rate cuts and tax compliance—the Laffer curve revisited"</a> (PDF). IMF Working Paper.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tax+rate+cuts+and+tax+compliance%E2%80%94the+Laffer+curve+revisited&rft.pub=IMF+Working+Paper&rft.au=Papp%2C+TK&rft.au=Tak%C3%A1ts%2C+E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fwp%2F2008%2Fwp0807.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-booth-57"><a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-booth_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36773988"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.igmchicago.org/igm-economic-experts-panel/poll-results?SurveyID%3DSV_2irlrss5UC27YXi">"Laffer Curve"</a>. IMG Forum. University of Chicago Booth School of Business. נבדק ב-15 ביוני 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMG+Forum&rft.atitle=Laffer+Curve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.igmchicago.org%2Figm-economic-experts-panel%2Fpoll-results%3FSurveyID%3DSV_2irlrss5UC27YXi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%3A%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%A6%D7%93-%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A2" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="תבנית:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: (<a href="https://he-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#date_auto_xlated" title="עזרה:שגיאות ציטוט">עזרה</a>)</li> </ol> </div> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img 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