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Hadibasyir</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hamim Zaky Hadibasyir"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hamim Zaky Hadibasyir"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hamim Zaky Hadibasyir"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 15</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hamim Zaky Hadibasyir</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Remote Sensing and GIS Integration for Paddy Production Estimation in Bali Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarono">Sarono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamim%20Zaky%20Hadibasyir"> Hamim Zaky Hadibasyir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dan%20Ridho%20Kurniawan"> dan Ridho Kurniawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Estimation of paddy production is one of the areas that can be examined using the techniques of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) in the field of agriculture. The purpose of this research is to know the amount of the paddy production estimation and how remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) are able to perform analysis of paddy production estimation in Tegalallang and Payangan Sub district, Bali Province, Indonesia. The method used is the method of land suitability. This method associates a physical parameters which are to be embodied in the smallest unit of a mapping that represents a mapping unit in a particular field and connecting with its field productivity. Analysis of estimated production using standard land suitability from FAO using matching technique. The parameters used to create the land unit is slope (FAO), climate classification (Oldeman), landform (Prapto Suharsono), and soil type. Land use map consist of paddy and non paddy field information obtained from Geo-eye 1 imagery using visual interpretation technique. Landsat image of the Data used for the interpretation of the landform, the classification of the slopes obtained from high point identification with method of interpolation spline, whereas climate data, soil, use secondary data originating from institutions-related institutions. The results of this research indicate Tegallalang and Payangan Districts in known wetland suitability consists of S1 (very suitable) covering an area of 2884,7 ha with the productivity of 5 tons/ha and S2 (suitable) covering an area of 482,9 ha with the productivity of 3 tons/ha. The sum of paddy production estimation as a results in both districts are 31.744, 3 tons in one year. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20estimation" title="production estimation">production estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paddy" title=" paddy"> paddy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geography%20information%20system" title=" geography information system"> geography information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20suitability" title=" land suitability"> land suitability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9550/remote-sensing-and-gis-integration-for-paddy-production-estimation-in-bali-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Marketing Research and Analysis Improvement Effect on Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Zaky%20Sarofim%20Zaky">Mina Zaky Sarofim Zaky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experiential marketing is a form of marketing that offers a unique integration of experiential and entertainment elements into a product or service. Experiential marketing is defined as an unforgettable experience that penetrates the customer's mind. Customer satisfaction is also defined as the emotional response to the experience provided with the purchased product or service. Experiential marketing activities can, therefore, affect the level of customer satisfaction and loyalty. In this context, the study aims to determine the relationship between experiential marketing, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in cosmetic products in Konya. The least squares method (PLS) was used to analyze the research data. Existing research has shown that experiential marketing is a significant predictor of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, and that experiential marketing has a positive impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet" title="internet">internet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20management%20corporate%20responsibility" title=" tourism management corporate responsibility"> tourism management corporate responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20organizational%20performance" title=" employee organizational performance"> employee organizational performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20marketing" title=" internal marketing"> internal marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20customer%20experiential%20marketing" title=" internal customer experiential marketing"> internal customer experiential marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20satisfaction" title=" customer satisfaction"> customer satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20loyalty" title=" customer loyalty"> customer loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sciences" title=" social sciences"> social sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185809/marketing-research-and-analysis-improvement-effect-on-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185809.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Romany%20Wagih%20Farag%20Zaky">Romany Wagih Farag Zaky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The relationship between development and human rights has long been the subject of academic debate. To understand the dynamics between these two concepts, various principles are adopted, from the right to development to development-based human rights. Despite the initiatives taken, the relationship between development and human rights remains unclear. However, the overlap between these two views and the idea that efforts should be made in the field of human rights have increased in recent years. It is then evaluated whether the right to sustainable development is acceptable or not. The article concludes that the principles of sustainable development are directly or indirectly recognized in various human rights instruments, which is a good answer to the question posed above. This book therefore cites regional and international human rights agreements such as , as well as the jurisprudence and interpretative guidelines of human rights institutions, to prove this hypothesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights"> human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20right%20to%20development" title=" the right to development"> the right to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20human%20rights-based%20approach%20to%20development" title=" the human rights-based approach to development"> the human rights-based approach to development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20rights" title=" environmental rights"> environmental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20development" title=" economic development"> economic development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20sustainability%20human%20rights%20protection" title=" social sustainability human rights protection"> social sustainability human rights protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights%20violations" title=" human rights violations"> human rights violations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workers%E2%80%99%20rights" title=" workers’ rights"> workers’ rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=justice" title=" justice"> justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185111/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-human-rights-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Perovskite Solar Cells Penetration on Electric Grids Based on the Power Hardware in the Loop Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20A.%20Zaky">Alaa A. Zaky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bandar%20Alfaifi"> Bandar Alfaifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Alyahya"> Saleh Alyahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alkistis%20Kontou"> Alkistis Kontou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panos%20Kotsampopoulos"> Panos Kotsampopoulos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we present for the first time the grid-integration of 3rd generation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on nanotechnology in fabrication. The effect of this penetration is analyzed in normal, fault and islanding cases of operation under different irradiation conditions using the power hardware in the loop (PHIL) methodology. The PHL method allows the PSCs connection to the electric grid which is simulated in the real-time digital simulator (RTDS), for laboratory validation of the PSCs behavior under conditions very close to real. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20solar%20cells" title="perovskite solar cells">perovskite solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20hardware%20in%20the%20loop" title=" power hardware in the loop"> power hardware in the loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real-time%20digital%20simulator" title=" real-time digital simulator"> real-time digital simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190176/perovskite-solar-cells-penetration-on-electric-grids-based-on-the-power-hardware-in-the-loop-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">26</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Statistical Analysis to Select Evacuation Route</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaky%20Musyarof">Zaky Musyarof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20Yono%20Sutarto"> Dwi Yono Sutarto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwima%20Rindy%20Atika"> Dwima Rindy Atika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20B.%20Fajriya%20Hakim"> R. B. Fajriya Hakim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Each country should be responsible for the safety of people, especially responsible for the safety of people living in disaster-prone areas. One of those services is provides evacuation route for them. But all this time, the selection of evacuation route is seem doesn’t well organized, it could be seen that when a disaster happen, there will be many accumulation of people on the steps of evacuation route. That condition is dangerous to people because hampers evacuation process. By some methods in Statistical analysis, author tries to give a suggestion how to prepare evacuation route which is organized and based on people habit. Those methods are association rules, sequential pattern mining, hierarchical cluster analysis and fuzzy logic. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=association%20rules" title="association rules">association rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sequential%20pattern%20mining" title=" sequential pattern mining"> sequential pattern mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cluster%20analysis" title=" cluster analysis"> cluster analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evacuation%20route" title=" evacuation route"> evacuation route</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21873/statistical-analysis-to-select-evacuation-route" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">504</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Potential of Grass Silage as a Source of Nutrients in Poultry Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamim%20Abbas">Hamim Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Luc-Hornick"> Jean Luc-Hornick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabelle%20Dufrasne"> Isabelle Dufrasne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Feed costs constitute over 60% of total expenses in organic layer poultry production, with feed protein supply being a significant concern. Alfalfa-based dehydrated silage pellets are mainly diets composed of leaves (ABSP), which are non-conventional protein sources that could enhance profits by reducing feed costs and ensuring consistent availability. This experiment studied the effects on the performances of Novogen Brown light layers of a commercial control diet replaced with 10% ABSP. After a 21-day trial, this diet (ABSP) has improved the laying rate, yolk color of eggs, feed conversion rate, ω−3 (PUFAs) and ω−6/ω−3 ratio (P<0.05) while the body weight and egg weight were degraded with the substitution of the ABSP in the diet(P>0.05). The laying rate showed a tendency to increase (P=0.06). These findings suggest that ABSP can replace at least 10% of the feed in organic layer diets without compromising production parameters negatively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alfalfa" title="alfalfa">alfalfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silage" title=" silage"> silage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pellet" title=" pellet"> pellet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20layers" title=" organic layers"> organic layers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186295/potential-of-grass-silage-as-a-source-of-nutrients-in-poultry-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">49</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Evaluation of Cast-in-Situ Pile Condition Using Pile Integrity Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20I.%20Hossain">Mohammad I. Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20F.%20Hamim"> Omar F. Hamim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a case study on a pile integrity test for assessing the integrity of piles as well as a physical dimension (e.g., cross-sectional area, length), continuity, and consistency of the pile materials. The recent boom in the socio-economic condition of Bangladesh has given rise to the building of high-rise commercial and residential infrastructures. The advantage of the pile integrity test lies in the fact that it is possible to get an approximate indication regarding the quality of the sub-structure before commencing the construction of the super-structure. This paper aims at providing a classification of cast-in-situ piles based on characteristic reflectograms obtained using the Sonic Integrity Testing program for the sub-soil condition of Narayanganj, Bangladesh. The piles have been classified as 'Pile Type-1', 'Pile Type-2', 'Pile Type-3', 'Pile type-4', 'Pile Type-5' or 'Pile Type-6' from the visual observations of reflections from the generated stress waves by striking the pile head with a handheld hammer. With respect to construction quality and integrity, piles have been further classified into three distinct categories, i.e., satisfactory, may be satisfactory, and unsatisfactory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cast-in-situ%20piles" title="cast-in-situ piles">cast-in-situ piles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characteristic%20reflectograms" title=" characteristic reflectograms"> characteristic reflectograms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile%20integrity%20test" title=" pile integrity test"> pile integrity test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sonic%20integrity%20testing%20program" title=" sonic integrity testing program"> sonic integrity testing program</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126450/evaluation-of-cast-in-situ-pile-condition-using-pile-integrity-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Construction Projects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muller%20Salah%20Zaky%20Toudry">Muller Salah Zaky Toudry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The complexity arises in defining the development great due to its notion, based on inherent market situations and their requirements, the diverse stakeholders itself and their desired output. An quantitative survey based totally approach was adopted in this optimistic examine. A questionnaire-primarily based survey was performed for the assessment of production fine belief and expectations within the context of excellent development technique. The survey feedback of experts of the leading creation corporations/companies of Pakistan production industry have been analyzed. The monetary ability, organizational shape, and production revel in of the construction companies shaped basis for their selection. The great belief become located to be venture-scope-orientated and taken into consideration as an extra cost for a production assignment. Any excellent improvement technique changed into expected to maximize the profit for the employer, via enhancing the productiveness in a creation project. The look at is beneficial for the construction specialists to evaluate the prevailing creation great perception and the expectations from implementation of any pleasant improvement approach in production projects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20analysis" title="correlation analysis">correlation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20construction%20tools" title=" lean construction tools"> lean construction tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lean%20construction" title=" lean construction"> lean construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression%20analysis" title=" logistic regression analysis"> logistic regression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20construction%20quality" title=" safety construction quality"> safety construction quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expectation" title=" expectation"> expectation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improvement" title=" improvement"> improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception%20client%20loyalty" title=" perception client loyalty"> perception client loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPS" title=" NPS"> NPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-construction" title=" pre-construction"> pre-construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schedule%20reduction" title=" schedule reduction"> schedule reduction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192802/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-construction-projects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Islamic Research Methodology (I-Restmo): Eight Series Research Module with Islamic Value Concept</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraizah%20Abu%20Bakar">Noraizah Abu Bakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayati%20Alais"> Norhayati Alais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurdiana%20Azizan"> Nurdiana Azizan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatimah%20Alwi"> Fatimah Alwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zaky%20Razaly"> Muhammad Zaky Razaly</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This is a concise research module with the Islamic values concept proposed to a group of researches, potential researchers, PhD and Master Scholars to prepare themselves for their studies. The intention of designing this module is to help and guide Malaysian citizens to undergone their postgraduate’s studies. This is aligned with the 10th Malaysian plan- MyBrain 15. MyBrain 15 is a financial aid to Malaysian citizens to pursue PhD and Master programs. The program becomes one of Ministry of Education Strategic Plan to ensure by year 2013, there will be 60,000 PhD scholars in Malaysia. This module is suitable for the social science researchers; however it can be useful tool for science technology researchers such as Engineering and Information Technology disciplines too. The module consists of eight (8) series that provides a proper flow of information in doing research with the Islamic Value Application provided in each of the series. This module is designed to produce future researchers with a comprehensive knowledge of humankind and the hereafter. The uniqueness about this research module is designed based on Islamic values concept. Researchers were able to understand the proper research process and simultaneously be able to open their minds to understand Islam more closely. Application of Islamic values in each series could trigger a broader idea for researchers to examine in greater depth of knowledge related to humanities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eight%20Series%20Research%20Module" title="Eight Series Research Module">Eight Series Research Module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20Values%20concept" title=" Islamic Values concept"> Islamic Values concept</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teaching%20Methodology" title="Teaching Methodology">Teaching Methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flow%20of%20Information" title=" Flow of Information"> Flow of Information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Epistemology%20of%20research" title=" Epistemology of research "> Epistemology of research </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35993/islamic-research-methodology-i-restmo-eight-series-research-module-with-islamic-value-concept" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Tocotrienol Rich Fraction in Nicotine-Induced Embryos: Cytoskeletal Changes of Actin and Tubulin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Hamirah%20Kamsani">Nurul Hamirah Kamsani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Hamim%20Rajikin"> Mohd Hamim Rajikin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nor%20Ashikin%20Mohamed%20Noor%20Khan"> Nor Ashikin Mohamed Noor Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharaniza%20Abdul%20Rahim"> Sharaniza Abdul Rahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cytoskeletal structures, in particular actin and tubulin, provide a fundamental framework in all cells, including embryos. Under influence of nicotine, the cytoskeletal organization may be subjected to oxidative stress (OS) insult and cause alteration. Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) is proven to enhance fertility better than the other sub-group of Vitamin E, tocopherols (TCPs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of TRF on 1) actin and tubulin of 2- and 8-cell murine embryos and 2) the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes; induced by nicotine. Twenty four female Balb/C were subjected to either subcutaneous (sc) injection of 0.9% NaCl; sc injection of 3.0 mg/kg bw/day nicotine; sc injection of 3.0 mg/kg bw/day nicotine + oral gavage (OG) of 60 mg/kg bw/day TRF; or OG of 60 mg/kg bw/day TRF for 7 consecutive days. After superovulation and mating, animals were euthanized. 2-cell developing embryos were retrieved. 50% of the retrieved embryos were visualized under confocal laser staining microscopy (CLSM) for alterations of actin and tubulin. The remaining amount of embryos was cultured in vitro until 8-cell stage followed by CLSM visualization. Blood plasma was subjected to OS assays. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined and analysed accordingly. At both 2- and 8-cell developing stages, actin intensities were significantly reduced in the nicotine group (p<0.001). After the intervention, actin intensity was significantly increased compared to that of the nicotine group (p<0.001). The same trend was seen in tubulin at both cell stages. TRF has minimized the deleterious effects of nicotine in actin and tubulin of both 2- and 8-cell developmental stages during pre-implantation embryonic development in mice in vitro. Levels of endogenous anti-oxidative enzymes were sustained close to control accompanied by decreased levels of OS biomarker. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=actin" title="actin">actin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nicotine" title=" nicotine"> nicotine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-implantation%20embryos" title=" pre-implantation embryos"> pre-implantation embryos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tocotrienol%20rich%20fraction" title=" tocotrienol rich fraction"> tocotrienol rich fraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubulin" title=" tubulin"> tubulin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89395/tocotrienol-rich-fraction-in-nicotine-induced-embryos-cytoskeletal-changes-of-actin-and-tubulin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Nitrous Oxide Wastage: Putting Strategies “In the Pipeline” to Reduce Carbon Emissions from Nitrous Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Gallop">F. Gallop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Ward"> C. Ward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zaky"> M. Zaky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Vaghela"> M. Vaghela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sabaratnam"> R. Sabaratnam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nitrous oxide (N₂O) has been used in anaesthesia for over 150 years owing to advantageous physical and pharmacological properties. However, with a global warming potential of 310, we have an urgent responsibility to reduce its usage and emission. Anecdotal evidence in our hospital trust suggests minimal N₂O usage, yet our theatres receive a staggering supply. This warranted further investigation. We used a data collection tool to prospectively capture quantitative and qualitative data regarding N₂O cases during one week: this recorded demographics, N₂O indications, clinical management, and total N₂O consumption in litres. In addition, N₂O usage in dental sedation suites and paediatric theatres was separately quantified. Pipeline supply data was acquired from British Oxygen Company accounts. We captured 490 cases. 4% (n=19) used N₂O, 63% (n=12) of these in dental theatres. Common N₂0 indications were induction speed (37%) and rapidly increasing anaesthesia depth (32%). In adult cases, N₂O was always used intraoperatively rather than solely at induction. 74% (n=14) of anaesthetists reported environmental concern over using N₂O. The week’s total N₂O usage was 8109 litres, amounting to 421,668 litres annually. However, the annual N₂O pipeline supply is 2,997,000 litres; an enormous 1.8 million Kg of CO₂. Our results supportively demonstrate that the N₂O pipeline supply greatly exceeds its clinical use. Acknowledging clinical areas not audited, the discrepancy between supply and usage suggests approximately 2.5 million litres of yearly wastage. We consequently recommend terminating the N₂O pipeline supply in minimally used areas, eliminating 1.5 million Kg of CO₂ emissions. High usage clinical areas could consider portable N₂O cylinders as an alternative. In Sweden, N₂O destruction technology is routinely used to minimise CO₂ emissions. Our results support National Health System investment in similar infrastructure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaesthesia" title="anaesthesia">anaesthesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20gases" title=" medical gases"> medical gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrous%20oxide" title=" nitrous oxide"> nitrous oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142352/nitrous-oxide-wastage-putting-strategies-in-the-pipeline-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-from-nitrous-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Imaging Features of Hepatobiliary Histiocytosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayda%20Youssef">Ayda Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Rafaat"> Tarek Rafaat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20zaky"> Iman zaky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (LCH) is not uncommon pathology that implies aberrant proliferation of a specific dendritic (Langerhans) cell. These atypical but mature cells of monoclonal origin can infiltrate many sites of the body and may occur as localized lesions or as widespread systemic disease. Liver is one of the uncommon sites of affection. The twofold objective of this study is to illustrate the radiological presentation of this disease, and to compare these results with previously reported series. Methods and Materials: Between 2007 and 2012, 150 patients with biopsy-proven LCH were treated in our hospital, a paediatric cancer tertiary care center. A retrospective review of radiographic images and reports was performed. There were 33 patients with liver affection are stratified. All patients underwent imaging studies, mostly US and CT. A chart review was performed to obtain demographic, clinical and radiological data. They were analyzed and compared to other published series. Results: Retrospective assessment of 150 patients with LCH was performed, among them 33 patients were identified who had liver involvement. All these patients developed multisystemic disease; They were 12 females and 21 males with (n= 32), seven of them had marked hepatomegaly. Diffuse hypodense liver parenchyma was encountered in five cases, the periportal location has a certain predilection in cases of focal affection where three cases has a hypodense periportal soft tissue sheets, one of them associated with dilated biliary radicals, only one case has multiple focal lesions unrelated to portal tracts. On follow up of the patients, two cases show abnormal morphology of liver with bossy outline. Conclusion: LCH is a not infrequent disease. A high-index suspicion should be raised in the context of diagnosis of liver affection. A biopsy is recommended in the presence of radiological suspicion. Chemotherapy is the preferred therapeutic modality. Liver histiocytosis are not disease specific features but should be interpreted in conjunction with the clinical history and the results of biopsy. Clinical Relevance/Application: Radiologist should be aware of different patterns of hepatobiliary histiocytosis, Thus early diagnosis and proper management of patient can be conducted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=langerhans%E2%80%99%20cell%20histiocytosis" title="langerhans’ cell histiocytosis">langerhans’ cell histiocytosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liver" title=" liver"> liver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20and%20health%20sciences" title=" medical and health sciences"> medical and health sciences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiology" title=" radiology"> radiology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22957/imaging-features-of-hepatobiliary-histiocytosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Evaluating Daylight Performance in an Office Environment in Malaysia, Using Venetian Blind Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Deldarabdolmaleki">Fatemeh Deldarabdolmaleki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Fakri%20Zaky%20Bin%20Ja%27afar"> Mohamad Fakri Zaky Bin Ja'afar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents fenestration analysis to study the balance between utilizing daylight and eliminating the disturbing parameters in a private office room with interior venetian blinds taking into account different slat angles. Mean luminance of the scene and window, luminance ratio of the workplane and window, work plane illumination and daylight glare probability(DGP) were calculated as a function of venetian blind design properties. Recently developed software, analyzing High Dynamic Range Images (HDRI captured by CCD camera), such as radiance based evalglare and hdrscope help to investigate luminance-based metrics. A total of Eight-day measurement experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different venetian blind angles in an office environment under daylight condition in Serdang, Malaysia. Detailed result for the selected case study showed that artificial lighting is necessary during the morning session for Malaysian buildings with southwest windows regardless of the venetian blind’s slat angle. However, in some conditions of afternoon session the workplane illuminance level exceeds the maximum illuminance of 2000 lx such as 10° and 40° slat angles. Generally, a rising trend is discovered toward mean window luminance level during the day. All the conditions have less than 10% of the pixels exceeding 2000 cd/m² before 1:00 P.M. However, 40% of the selected hours have more than 10% of the scene pixels higher than 2000 cd/m² after 1:00 P.M. Surprisingly in no blind condition, there is no extreme case of window/task ratio, However, the extreme cases happen for 20°, 30°, 40° and 50° slat angles. As expected mean window luminance level is higher than 2000 cd/m² after 2:00 P.M for most cases except 60° slat angle condition. Studying the daylight glare probability, there is not any DGP value higher than 0.35 in this experiment, due to the window’s direction, location of the building and studied workplane. Specifically, this paper reviews different blind angle’s response to the suggested metrics by the previous standards, and finally conclusions and knowledge gaps are summarized and suggested next steps for research are provided. Addressing these gaps is critical for the continued progress of the energy efficiency movement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daylighting" title="daylighting">daylighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=office%20environment" title=" office environment"> office environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20simulation" title=" energy simulation"> energy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=venetian%20blind" title=" venetian blind"> venetian blind</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67236/evaluating-daylight-performance-in-an-office-environment-in-malaysia-using-venetian-blind-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Evaluating Daylight Performance in an Office Environment in Malaysia, Using Venetian Blind System: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Deldarabdolmaleki">Fatemeh Deldarabdolmaleki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Fakri%20Zaky%20Bin%20Ja%27afar"> Mohamad Fakri Zaky Bin Ja'afar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Having a daylit space together with view results in a pleasant and productive environment for office employees. A daylit space is a space which utilizes daylight as a basic source of illumination to fulfill user’s visual demands and minimizes the electric energy consumption. Malaysian weather is hot and humid all over the year because of its location in the equatorial belt. however, because most of the commercial buildings in Malaysia are air-conditioned, huge glass windows are normally installed in order to keep the physical and visual relation between inside and outside. As a result of climatic situation and mentioned new trend, an ordinary office has huge heat gain, glare, and discomfort for occupants. Balancing occupant’s comfort and energy conservation in a tropical climate is a real challenge. This study concentrates on evaluating a venetian blind system using per pixel analyzing tools based on the suggested cut-out metrics by the literature. Workplace area in a private office room has been selected as a case study. Eight-day measurement experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different venetian blind angles in an office area under daylight conditions in Serdang, Malaysia. The study goal was to explore daylight comfort of a commercially available venetian blind system, its’ daylight sufficiency and excess (8:00 AM to 5 PM) as well as Glare examination. Recently developed software, analyzing High Dynamic Range Images (HDRI captured by CCD camera), such as radiance based Evalglare and hdrscope help to investigate luminance-based metrics. The main key factors are illuminance and luminance levels, mean and maximum luminance, daylight glare probability (DGP) and luminance ratio of the selected mask regions. The findings show that in most cases, morning session needs artificial lighting in order to achieve daylight comfort. However, in some conditions (e.g. 10° and 40° slat angles) in the second half of day the workplane illuminance level exceeds the maximum of 2000 lx. Generally, a rising trend is discovered toward mean window luminance and the most unpleasant cases occur after 2 P.M. Considering the luminance criteria rating, the uncomfortable conditions occur in the afternoon session. Surprisingly in no blind condition, extreme case of window/task ratio is not common. Studying the daylight glare probability, there is not any DGP value higher than 0.35 in this experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daylighting" title="daylighting">daylighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20simulation" title=" energy simulation"> energy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=office%20environment" title=" office environment"> office environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venetian%20blind" title=" Venetian blind"> Venetian blind</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63214/evaluating-daylight-performance-in-an-office-environment-in-malaysia-using-venetian-blind-system-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Generating Ideas to Improve Road Intersections Using Design with Intent Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Faruqe%20Hamim">Omar Faruqe Hamim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shamsul%20Hoque"> M. Shamsul Hoque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rich%20C.%20McIlroy"> Rich C. McIlroy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katherine%20L.%20Plant"> Katherine L. Plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neville%20A.%20Stanton"> Neville A. Stanton</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road safety has become an alarming issue, especially in low-middle income developing countries. The traditional approaches lack the out of the box thinking, making engineers confined to applying usual techniques in making roads safer. A socio-technical approach has recently been introduced in improving road intersections through designing with intent. This Design With Intent (DWI) approach aims to give practitioners a more nuanced approach to design and behavior, working with people, people’s understanding, and the complexities of everyday human experience. It's a collection of design patterns —and a design and research approach— for exploring the interactions between design and people’s behavior across products, services, and environments, both digital and physical. Through this approach, it can be seen that how designing with people in behavior change can be applied to social and environmental problems, as well as commercially. It has a total of 101 cards across eight different lenses, such as architectural, error-proofing, interaction, ludic, perceptual, cognitive, Machiavellian, and security lens each having its own distinct characteristics of extracting ideas from the participant of this approach. For this research purpose, a three-legged accident blackspot intersection of a national highway has been chosen to perform the DWI workshop. Participants from varying fields such as civil engineering, naval architecture and marine engineering, urban and regional planning, and sociology actively participated for a day long workshop. While going through the workshops, the participants were given a preamble of the accident scenario and a brief overview of DWI approach. Design cards of varying lenses were distributed among 10 participants and given an hour and a half for brainstorming and generating ideas to improve the safety of the selected intersection. After the brainstorming session, the participants spontaneously went through roundtable discussions regarding the ideas they have come up with. According to consensus of the forum, ideas were accepted or rejected. These generated ideas were then synthesized and agglomerated to bring about an improvement scheme for the intersection selected in our study. To summarize the improvement ideas from DWI approach, color coding of traffic lanes for separate vehicles, channelizing the existing bare intersection, providing advance warning traffic signs, cautionary signs and educational signs motivating road users to drive safe, using textured surfaces at approach with rumble strips before the approach of intersection were the most significant one. The motive of this approach is to bring about new ideas from the road users and not just depend on traditional schemes to increase the efficiency, safety of roads as well and to ensure the compliance of road users since these features are being generated from the minds of users themselves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20with%20intent" title="design with intent">design with intent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20experience" title=" human experience"> human experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121571/generating-ideas-to-improve-road-intersections-using-design-with-intent-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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