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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>HTTP Tests - Laravel 11.x - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://laravel.com/docs/11.x/http-tests">  <meta name="title" content="Laravel - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans"> <meta name="description" content="Laravel is a PHP web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. We’ve already laid the foundation — freeing you to create without sweating the small things.">  <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://laravel.com/"> <meta property="og:title" content="Laravel - The PHP Framework For Web Artisans"> <meta property="og:description" content="Laravel is a PHP web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. 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<a href="/docs/11.x/upgrade">Upgrade Guide</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/contributions">Contribution Guide</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Getting Started</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/installation">Installation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/configuration">Configuration</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/structure">Directory Structure</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/frontend">Frontend</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/starter-kits">Starter Kits</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/deployment">Deployment</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>Architecture Concepts</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/lifecycle">Request Lifecycle</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/container">Service Container</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/providers">Service Providers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/facades">Facades</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <h2>The Basics</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/routing">Routing</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/11.x/middleware">Middleware</a> </li> <li> <a 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<button id="header__indeterminate" onclick="toDarkMode()" title="Switch to dark mode" class="relative w-10 h-10 focus:outline-none focus:shadow-outline text-gray-500"> <svg style="width:24px;height:24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M12 2A10 10 0 0 0 2 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 22A10 10 0 0 0 22 12A10 10 0 0 0 12 2M12 4A8 8 0 0 1 20 12A8 8 0 0 1 12 20V4Z" /> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="w-full lg:w-40 lg:pl-12"> <div> <label class="text-gray-600 text-xs tracking-widest uppercase dark:text-gray-500" for="version-switcher">Version</label> <div x-data class="relative w-full bg-white transition-all duration-500 focus-within:border-gray-600 dark:bg-gray-800"> <select id="version-switcher" aria-label="Laravel version" class="appearance-none flex-1 w-full px-0 py-1 placeholder-gray-900 tracking-wide bg-white border-transparent focus:outline-none dark:bg-dark-700 dark:text-gray-400 dark:placeholder-gray-500" @change="window.location = $event.target.value" > <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/master/http-tests">Master</option> <option selected value="https://laravel.com/docs/11.x/http-tests">11.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/10.x/http-tests">10.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/9.x/http-tests">9.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/http-tests">8.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/7.x/http-tests">7.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/6.x/http-tests">6.x</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/http-tests">5.8</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.7/http-tests">5.7</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.6/http-tests">5.6</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.5/http-tests">5.5</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.4/http-tests">5.4</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.3/http-tests">5.3</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.2/http-tests">5.2</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.1/http-tests">5.1</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/5.0/http-tests">5.0</option> <option value="https://laravel.com/docs/4.2/http-tests">4.2</option> </select> <img class="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 mt-2.5 w-2.5 h-2.5 text-gray-900 pointer-events-none dark:hidden" src="/img/icons/drop_arrow.min.svg" alt="" width="10" height="10"> <img class="absolute inset-y-0 right-0 mt-2.5 w-2.5 h-2.5 text-gray-900 pointer-events-none hidden dark:block" src="/img/icons/drop_arrow.dark.min.svg" alt="" width="10" height="10"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="relative mt-8 flex items-center justify-end w-full h-10 lg:mt-0"> <div class="flex-1 flex items-center"> <button id="docsearch" class="text-gray-800 transition-colors dark:text-gray-400 w-full"></button> </div> </div> </div> <section class="mt-8 md:mt-16"> <section class="docs_main max-w-prose"> <div id="main-content"> <h1>HTTP Tests</h1> <ul> <li> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a> </li> <li> <a href="#making-requests">Making Requests</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#customizing-request-headers">Customizing Request Headers</a> </li> <li> <a href="#cookies">Cookies</a> </li> <li> <a href="#session-and-authentication">Session / Authentication</a> </li> <li> <a href="#debugging-responses">Debugging Responses</a> </li> <li> <a href="#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="#testing-json-apis">Testing JSON APIs</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#fluent-json-testing">Fluent JSON Testing</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="#testing-file-uploads">Testing File Uploads</a> </li> <li> <a href="#testing-views">Testing Views</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#rendering-blade-and-components">Rendering Blade and Components</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="#available-assertions">Available Assertions</a> <ul> <li> <a href="#response-assertions">Response Assertions</a> </li> <li> <a href="#authentication-assertions">Authentication Assertions</a> </li> <li> <a href="#validation-assertions">Validation Assertions</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h2 id="introduction"><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></h2> <p>Laravel provides a very fluent API for making HTTP requests to your application and examining the responses. For example, take a look at the feature test defined below:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">the application returns a successful response</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">200</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_the_application_returns_a_successful_response</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">200</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>The <code>get</code> method makes a <code>GET</code> request into the application, while the <code>assertStatus</code> method asserts that the returned response should have the given HTTP status code. In addition to this simple assertion, Laravel also contains a variety of assertions for inspecting the response headers, content, JSON structure, and more.</p> <h2 id="making-requests"><a href="#making-requests">Making Requests</a></h2> <p>To make a request to your application, you may invoke the <code>get</code>, <code>post</code>, <code>put</code>, <code>patch</code>, or <code>delete</code> methods within your test. These methods do not actually issue a "real" HTTP request to your application. Instead, the entire network request is simulated internally.</p> <p>Instead of returning an <code>Illuminate\Http\Response</code> instance, test request methods return an instance of <code>Illuminate\Testing\TestResponse</code>, which provides a <a href="#available-assertions">variety of helpful assertions</a> that allow you to inspect your application's responses:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">basic request</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">200</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_a_basic_request</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">200</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>In general, each of your tests should only make one request to your application. Unexpected behavior may occur if multiple requests are executed within a single test method.</p> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-purple-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="28" height="40" viewBox="0 0 28 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>lightbulb</title><path d="M12 28h4v-8h-4v8zM8 40h12v-8H8v8zm13.98-14.52c-1.001.705-1.661 1.545-1.98 2.52H8c-.416-.959-1.076-1.799-1.98-2.52A13.99 13.99 0 0 1 0 14C0 6.272 6.272 0 14 0s14 6.272 14 14a13.99 13.99 0 0 1-6.02 11.48z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> For convenience, the CSRF middleware is automatically disabled when running tests.</p> </div> <h3 id="customizing-request-headers"><a href="#customizing-request-headers">Customizing Request Headers</a></h3> <p>You may use the <code>withHeaders</code> method to customize the request's headers before it is sent to the application. This method allows you to add any custom headers you would like to the request:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">interacting with headers</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withHeaders</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">X-Header</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Value</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Sally</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">201</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic functional test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_interacting_with_headers</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withHeaders</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">X-Header</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Value</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ])</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Sally</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">201</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <h3 id="cookies"><a href="#cookies">Cookies</a></h3> <p>You may use the <code>withCookie</code> or <code>withCookies</code> methods to set cookie values before making a request. The <code>withCookie</code> method accepts a cookie name and value as its two arguments, while the <code>withCookies</code> method accepts an array of name / value pairs:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">interacting with cookies</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withCookie</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">color</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">blue</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withCookies</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">color</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">blue</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> //</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_interacting_with_cookies</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withCookie</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">color</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">blue</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withCookies</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">color</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">blue</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ])</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <h3 id="session-and-authentication"><a href="#session-and-authentication">Session / Authentication</a></h3> <p>Laravel provides several helpers for interacting with the session during HTTP testing. First, you may set the session data to a given array using the <code>withSession</code> method. This is useful for loading the session with data before issuing a request to your application:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">interacting with the session</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withSession</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">banned</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> false</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> //</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_interacting_with_the_session</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withSession</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">banned</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">false</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>Laravel's session is typically used to maintain state for the currently authenticated user. Therefore, the <code>actingAs</code> helper method provides a simple way to authenticate a given user as the current user. For example, we may use a <a href="/docs/11.x/eloquent-factories">model factory</a> to generate and authenticate a user:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Models\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">User</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">an action that requires authentication</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">user</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">User</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">factory</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">create</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">actingAs</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">user</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withSession</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">banned</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> false</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> //</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Models\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">User</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_an_action_that_requires_authentication</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$user</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">User</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">factory</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">create</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">actingAs</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$user</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withSession</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">banned</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">false</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>You may also specify which guard should be used to authenticate the given user by passing the guard name as the second argument to the <code>actingAs</code> method. The guard that is provided to the <code>actingAs</code> method will also become the default guard for the duration of the test:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">actingAs</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$user</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">web</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div></code></pre> <h3 id="debugging-responses"><a href="#debugging-responses">Debugging Responses</a></h3> <p>After making a test request to your application, the <code>dump</code>, <code>dumpHeaders</code>, and <code>dumpSession</code> methods may be used to examine and debug the response contents:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">basic test</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">dumpHeaders</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">dumpSession</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">dump</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_basic_test</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">dumpHeaders</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">dumpSession</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">dump</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>Alternatively, you may use the <code>dd</code>, <code>ddHeaders</code>, <code>ddSession</code>, and <code>ddJson</code> methods to dump information about the response and then stop execution:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">basic test</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">ddHeaders</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">ddSession</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">ddJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">dd</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_basic_test</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">ddHeaders</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">ddSession</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">dd</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <h3 id="exception-handling"><a href="#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></h3> <p>Sometimes you may need to test that your application is throwing a specific exception. To accomplish this, you may "fake" the exception handler via the <code>Exceptions</code> facade. Once the exception handler has been faked, you may utilize the <code>assertReported</code> and <code>assertNotReported</code> methods to make assertions against exceptions that were thrown during the request:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Exceptions\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">InvalidOrderException</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">exception is thrown</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fake</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/order/1</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> //</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Assert an exception was thrown...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertReported</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">InvalidOrderException</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> //</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Assert against the exception...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertReported</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">InvalidOrderException</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">e</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">e</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">getMessage</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">===</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">The order was invalid.</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> App\Exceptions\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">InvalidOrderException</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_exception_is_thrown</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fake</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Assert an exception was thrown...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertReported</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">InvalidOrderException</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Assert against the exception...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertReported</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">InvalidOrderException</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$e</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$e</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">getMessage</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">() </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">===</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">The order was invalid.</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> });</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>The <code>assertNotReported</code> and <code>assertNothingReported</code> methods may be used to assert that a given exception was not thrown during the request or that no exceptions were thrown:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertNotReported</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">InvalidOrderException</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Exceptions</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertNothingReported</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> </div> <p>You may totally disable exception handling for a given request by invoking the <code>withoutExceptionHandling</code> method before making your request:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withoutExceptionHandling</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>In addition, if you would like to ensure that your application is not utilizing features that have been deprecated by the PHP language or the libraries your application is using, you may invoke the <code>withoutDeprecationHandling</code> method before making your request. When deprecation handling is disabled, deprecation warnings will be converted to exceptions, thus causing your test to fail:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withoutDeprecationHandling</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>The <code>assertThrows</code> method may be used to assert that code within a given closure throws an exception of the specified type:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertThrows</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> => (</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">new</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ProcessOrder</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">execute</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(),</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">OrderInvalid</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> </div> <p>If you would like to inspect and make assertions against the exception that is thrown, you may provide a closure as the second argument to the <code>assertThrows</code> method:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertThrows</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> => (</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">new</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">ProcessOrder</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">execute</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(),</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">OrderInvalid</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$e</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> => </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$e</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">orderId</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">() </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">===</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">123</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> </div> <h2 id="testing-json-apis"><a href="#testing-json-apis">Testing JSON APIs</a></h2> <p>Laravel also provides several helpers for testing JSON APIs and their responses. For example, the <code>json</code>, <code>getJson</code>, <code>postJson</code>, <code>putJson</code>, <code>patchJson</code>, <code>deleteJson</code>, and <code>optionsJson</code> methods may be used to issue JSON requests with various HTTP verbs. You may also easily pass data and headers to these methods. To get started, let's write a test to make a <code>POST</code> request to <code>/api/user</code> and assert that the expected JSON data was returned:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">making an api request</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">postJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/api/user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Sally</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">201</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">created</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic functional test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_making_an_api_request</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">postJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/api/user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Sally</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">201</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">created</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ]);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>In addition, JSON response data may be accessed as array variables on the response, making it convenient for you to inspect the individual values returned within a JSON response:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">expect</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">created</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">toBeTrue</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertTrue</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">created</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-purple-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="28" height="40" viewBox="0 0 28 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>lightbulb</title><path d="M12 28h4v-8h-4v8zM8 40h12v-8H8v8zm13.98-14.52c-1.001.705-1.661 1.545-1.98 2.52H8c-.416-.959-1.076-1.799-1.98-2.52A13.99 13.99 0 0 1 0 14C0 6.272 6.272 0 14 0s14 6.272 14 14a13.99 13.99 0 0 1-6.02 11.48z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> The <code>assertJson</code> method converts the response to an array to verify that the given array exists within the JSON response returned by the application. So, if there are other properties in the JSON response, this test will still pass as long as the given fragment is present.</p> </div> <h4 id="verifying-exact-match"><a href="#verifying-exact-match">Asserting Exact JSON Matches</a></h4> <p>As previously mentioned, the <code>assertJson</code> method may be used to assert that a fragment of JSON exists within the JSON response. If you would like to verify that a given array <strong>exactly matches</strong> the JSON returned by your application, you should use the <code>assertExactJson</code> method:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">asserting an exact json match</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">postJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Sally</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">201</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertExactJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">created</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic functional test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_asserting_an_exact_json_match</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">postJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Sally</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">201</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertExactJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">created</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ]);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="verifying-json-paths"><a href="#verifying-json-paths">Asserting on JSON Paths</a></h4> <p>If you would like to verify that the JSON response contains the given data at a specified path, you should use the <code>assertJsonPath</code> method:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">asserting a json path value</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">postJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Sally</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">201</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonPath</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">team.owner.name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Darian</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic functional test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_asserting_a_json_paths_value</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">postJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Sally</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">201</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonPath</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">team.owner.name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Darian</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>The <code>assertJsonPath</code> method also accepts a closure, which may be used to dynamically determine if the assertion should pass:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonPath</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">team.owner.name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">string</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> => </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">strlen</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">) </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">>=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">3</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h3 id="fluent-json-testing"><a href="#fluent-json-testing">Fluent JSON Testing</a></h3> <p>Laravel also offers a beautiful way to fluently test your application's JSON responses. To get started, pass a closure to the <code>assertJson</code> method. This closure will be invoked with an instance of <code>Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson</code> which can be used to make assertions against the JSON that was returned by your application. The <code>where</code> method may be used to make assertions against a particular attribute of the JSON, while the <code>missing</code> method may be used to assert that a particular attribute is missing from the JSON:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">fluent json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">getJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/users/1</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">=></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">id</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Victoria Faith</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">string</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> str</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">email</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">is</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="8ef8e7edfae1fce7efcee9e3efe7e2a0ede1e3">[email protected]</a></span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">))</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">whereNot</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">status</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">pending</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">missing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">password</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">etc</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">/**</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> * A basic functional test example.</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;"> </span><span style="color: #697098;">*/</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_fluent_json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">getJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/users/1</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">id</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Victoria Faith</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">string</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> => </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">str</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">email</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">is</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="d7a1beb4a3b8a5beb697b0bab6bebbf9b4b8ba">[email protected]</a></span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">))</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">whereNot</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">status</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">pending</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">missing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">password</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">etc</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> );</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <h4>Understanding the <code>etc</code> Method</h4> <p>In the example above, you may have noticed we invoked the <code>etc</code> method at the end of our assertion chain. This method informs Laravel that there may be other attributes present on the JSON object. If the <code>etc</code> method is not used, the test will fail if other attributes that you did not make assertions against exist on the JSON object.</p> <p>The intention behind this behavior is to protect you from unintentionally exposing sensitive information in your JSON responses by forcing you to either explicitly make an assertion against the attribute or explicitly allow additional attributes via the <code>etc</code> method.</p> <p>However, you should be aware that not including the <code>etc</code> method in your assertion chain does not ensure that additional attributes are not being added to arrays that are nested within your JSON object. The <code>etc</code> method only ensures that no additional attributes exist at the nesting level in which the <code>etc</code> method is invoked.</p> <h4 id="asserting-json-attribute-presence-and-absence"><a href="#asserting-json-attribute-presence-and-absence">Asserting Attribute Presence / Absence</a></h4> <p>To assert that an attribute is present or absent, you may use the <code>has</code> and <code>missing</code> methods:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">has</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">data</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">missing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">message</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>In addition, the <code>hasAll</code> and <code>missingAll</code> methods allow asserting the presence or absence of multiple attributes simultaneously:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">hasAll</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">status</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">data</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">missingAll</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">message</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">code</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>You may use the <code>hasAny</code> method to determine if at least one of a given list of attributes is present:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">has</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">status</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">hasAny</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">data</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">message</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">code</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="asserting-against-json-collections"><a href="#asserting-against-json-collections">Asserting Against JSON Collections</a></h4> <p>Often, your route will return a JSON response that contains multiple items, such as multiple users:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Route</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/users</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">User</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">all</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> <p>In these situations, we may use the fluent JSON object's <code>has</code> method to make assertions against the users included in the response. For example, let's assert that the JSON response contains three users. Next, we'll make some assertions about the first user in the collection using the <code>first</code> method. The <code>first</code> method accepts a closure which receives another assertable JSON string that we can use to make assertions about the first object in the JSON collection:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">has</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">3</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">first</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">id</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Victoria Faith</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">string</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> => </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">str</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">email</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">is</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="dea8b7bdaab1acb7bf9eb9b3bfb7b2f0bdb1b3">[email protected]</a></span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">))</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">missing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">password</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">etc</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> )</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> );</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="scoping-json-collection-assertions"><a href="#scoping-json-collection-assertions">Scoping JSON Collection Assertions</a></h4> <p>Sometimes, your application's routes will return JSON collections that are assigned named keys:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Route</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/users</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">meta</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">...</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">],</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">users</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">User</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">all</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(),</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ];</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">})</span></div></code></pre> <p>When testing these routes, you may use the <code>has</code> method to assert against the number of items in the collection. In addition, you may use the <code>has</code> method to scope a chain of assertions:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">has</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">meta</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">has</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">users</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">3</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">has</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">users.0</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">id</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Victoria Faith</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">string</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> => </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">str</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">email</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">is</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="d3a5bab0a7bca1bab293b4beb2babffdb0bcbe">[email protected]</a></span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">))</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">missing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">password</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">etc</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> )</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> );</span></div></code></pre> <p>However, instead of making two separate calls to the <code>has</code> method to assert against the <code>users</code> collection, you may make a single call which provides a closure as its third parameter. When doing so, the closure will automatically be invoked and scoped to the first item in the collection:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">has</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">meta</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">has</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">users</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">3</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">id</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">1</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Victoria Faith</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">where</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">string</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> => </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">str</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">email</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">is</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="2b5d42485f4459424a6b4c464a424705484446">[email protected]</a></span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">))</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">missing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">password</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">etc</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> )</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> );</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="asserting-json-types"><a href="#asserting-json-types">Asserting JSON Types</a></h4> <p>You may only want to assert that the properties in the JSON response are of a certain type. The <code>Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson</code> class provides the <code>whereType</code> and <code>whereAllType</code> methods for doing just that:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">whereType</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">id</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">integer</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">whereAllType</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">users.0.name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">string</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">meta</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">array</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ])</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>You may specify multiple types using the <code>|</code> character, or passing an array of types as the second parameter to the <code>whereType</code> method. The assertion will be successful if the response value is any of the listed types:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">fn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">AssertableJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> =></span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$json</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">whereType</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">string|null</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">whereType</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">id</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">string</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">integer</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>The <code>whereType</code> and <code>whereAllType</code> methods recognize the following types: <code>string</code>, <code>integer</code>, <code>double</code>, <code>boolean</code>, <code>array</code>, and <code>null</code>.</p> <h2 id="testing-file-uploads"><a href="#testing-file-uploads">Testing File Uploads</a></h2> <p>The <code>Illuminate\Http\UploadedFile</code> class provides a <code>fake</code> method which may be used to generate dummy files or images for testing. This, combined with the <code>Storage</code> facade's <code>fake</code> method, greatly simplifies the testing of file uploads. For example, you may combine these two features to easily test an avatar upload form:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Http\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">UploadedFile</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Storage</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatars can be uploaded</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Storage</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fake</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatars</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">file</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">UploadedFile</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fake</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">image</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatar.jpg</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/avatar</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatar</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">file</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Storage</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">disk</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatars</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertExists</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">file</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">hashName</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">());</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Http\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">UploadedFile</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Storage</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_avatars_can_be_uploaded</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Storage</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fake</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatars</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$file</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">UploadedFile</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fake</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">image</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatar.jpg</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">post</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/avatar</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatar</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$file</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Storage</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">disk</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatars</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertExists</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$file</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">hashName</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">());</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>If you would like to assert that a given file does not exist, you may use the <code>assertMissing</code> method provided by the <code>Storage</code> facade:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Storage</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fake</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatars</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> ...</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Storage</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">disk</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatars</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertMissing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">missing.jpg</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="fake-file-customization"><a href="#fake-file-customization">Fake File Customization</a></h4> <p>When creating files using the <code>fake</code> method provided by the <code>UploadedFile</code> class, you may specify the width, height, and size of the image (in kilobytes) in order to better test your application's validation rules:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">UploadedFile</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fake</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">image</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">avatar.jpg</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$width</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$height</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">)</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">size</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">100</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>In addition to creating images, you may create files of any other type using the <code>create</code> method:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">UploadedFile</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fake</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">create</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">document.pdf</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$sizeInKilobytes</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>If needed, you may pass a <code>$mimeType</code> argument to the method to explicitly define the MIME type that should be returned by the file:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">UploadedFile</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">fake</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">create</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">document.pdf</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$sizeInKilobytes</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">application/pdf</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h2 id="testing-views"><a href="#testing-views">Testing Views</a></h2> <p>Laravel also allows you to render a view without making a simulated HTTP request to the application. To accomplish this, you may call the <code>view</code> method within your test. The <code>view</code> method accepts the view name and an optional array of data. The method returns an instance of <code>Illuminate\Testing\TestView</code>, which offers several methods to conveniently make assertions about the view's contents:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">a welcome view can be rendered</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">view</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #FF5572;">this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">view</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">welcome</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;"> </span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">$</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">view</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSee</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #D3423E;"><?php</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">namespace</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\Feature;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Tests\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">TestCase</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB6B;">ExampleTest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">extends</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #A9C77D;">TestCase</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">public</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">test_a_welcome_view_can_be_rendered</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">:</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">void</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$view</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">view</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">welcome</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$view</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSee</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>The <code>TestView</code> class provides the following assertion methods: <code>assertSee</code>, <code>assertSeeInOrder</code>, <code>assertSeeText</code>, <code>assertSeeTextInOrder</code>, <code>assertDontSee</code>, and <code>assertDontSeeText</code>.</p> <p>If needed, you may get the raw, rendered view contents by casting the <code>TestView</code> instance to a string:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$contents</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> (</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">string</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">) </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">view</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">welcome</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="sharing-errors"><a href="#sharing-errors">Sharing Errors</a></h4> <p>Some views may depend on errors shared in the <a href="/docs/11.x/validation#quick-displaying-the-validation-errors">global error bag provided by Laravel</a>. To hydrate the error bag with error messages, you may use the <code>withViewErrors</code> method:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$view</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">withViewErrors</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Please provide a valid name.</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">view</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">form</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$view</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSee</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Please provide a valid name.</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h3 id="rendering-blade-and-components"><a href="#rendering-blade-and-components">Rendering Blade and Components</a></h3> <p>If necessary, you may use the <code>blade</code> method to evaluate and render a raw <a href="/docs/11.x/blade">Blade</a> string. Like the <code>view</code> method, the <code>blade</code> method returns an instance of <code>Illuminate\Testing\TestView</code>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$view</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">blade</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;"><x-component :name="$name" /></span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$view</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSee</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>You may use the <code>component</code> method to evaluate and render a <a href="/docs/11.x/blade#components">Blade component</a>. The <code>component</code> method returns an instance of <code>Illuminate\Testing\TestComponent</code>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$view</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">component</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Profile</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">class</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, [</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$view</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSee</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h2 id="available-assertions"><a href="#available-assertions">Available Assertions</a></h2> <h3 id="response-assertions"><a href="#response-assertions">Response Assertions</a></h3> <p>Laravel's <code>Illuminate\Testing\TestResponse</code> class provides a variety of custom assertion methods that you may utilize when testing your application. These assertions may be accessed on the response that is returned by the <code>json</code>, <code>get</code>, <code>post</code>, <code>put</code>, and <code>delete</code> test methods:</p> <style> .collection-method-list > p { columns: 14.4em 2; -moz-columns: 14.4em 2; -webkit-columns: 14.4em 2; } .collection-method-list a { display: block; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <div class="collection-method-list" markdown="1"> <p><a href="#assert-accepted">assertAccepted</a> <a href="#assert-bad-request">assertBadRequest</a> <a href="#assert-conflict">assertConflict</a> <a href="#assert-cookie">assertCookie</a> <a href="#assert-cookie-expired">assertCookieExpired</a> <a href="#assert-cookie-not-expired">assertCookieNotExpired</a> <a href="#assert-cookie-missing">assertCookieMissing</a> <a href="#assert-created">assertCreated</a> <a href="#assert-dont-see">assertDontSee</a> <a href="#assert-dont-see-text">assertDontSeeText</a> <a href="#assert-download">assertDownload</a> <a href="#assert-exact-json">assertExactJson</a> <a href="#assert-exact-json-structure">assertExactJsonStructure</a> <a href="#assert-forbidden">assertForbidden</a> <a href="#assert-found">assertFound</a> <a href="#assert-gone">assertGone</a> <a href="#assert-header">assertHeader</a> <a href="#assert-header-missing">assertHeaderMissing</a> <a href="#assert-internal-server-error">assertInternalServerError</a> <a href="#assert-json">assertJson</a> <a href="#assert-json-count">assertJsonCount</a> <a href="#assert-json-fragment">assertJsonFragment</a> <a href="#assert-json-is-array">assertJsonIsArray</a> <a href="#assert-json-is-object">assertJsonIsObject</a> <a href="#assert-json-missing">assertJsonMissing</a> <a href="#assert-json-missing-exact">assertJsonMissingExact</a> <a href="#assert-json-missing-validation-errors">assertJsonMissingValidationErrors</a> <a href="#assert-json-path">assertJsonPath</a> <a href="#assert-json-missing-path">assertJsonMissingPath</a> <a href="#assert-json-structure">assertJsonStructure</a> <a href="#assert-json-validation-errors">assertJsonValidationErrors</a> <a href="#assert-json-validation-error-for">assertJsonValidationErrorFor</a> <a href="#assert-location">assertLocation</a> <a href="#assert-method-not-allowed">assertMethodNotAllowed</a> <a href="#assert-moved-permanently">assertMovedPermanently</a> <a href="#assert-content">assertContent</a> <a href="#assert-no-content">assertNoContent</a> <a href="#assert-streamed">assertStreamed</a> <a href="#assert-streamed-content">assertStreamedContent</a> <a href="#assert-not-found">assertNotFound</a> <a href="#assert-ok">assertOk</a> <a href="#assert-payment-required">assertPaymentRequired</a> <a href="#assert-plain-cookie">assertPlainCookie</a> <a href="#assert-redirect">assertRedirect</a> <a href="#assert-redirect-contains">assertRedirectContains</a> <a href="#assert-redirect-to-route">assertRedirectToRoute</a> <a href="#assert-redirect-to-signed-route">assertRedirectToSignedRoute</a> <a href="#assert-request-timeout">assertRequestTimeout</a> <a href="#assert-see">assertSee</a> <a href="#assert-see-in-order">assertSeeInOrder</a> <a href="#assert-see-text">assertSeeText</a> <a href="#assert-see-text-in-order">assertSeeTextInOrder</a> <a href="#assert-server-error">assertServerError</a> <a href="#assert-server-unavailable">assertServiceUnavailable</a> <a href="#assert-session-has">assertSessionHas</a> <a href="#assert-session-has-input">assertSessionHasInput</a> <a href="#assert-session-has-all">assertSessionHasAll</a> <a href="#assert-session-has-errors">assertSessionHasErrors</a> <a href="#assert-session-has-errors-in">assertSessionHasErrorsIn</a> <a href="#assert-session-has-no-errors">assertSessionHasNoErrors</a> <a href="#assert-session-doesnt-have-errors">assertSessionDoesntHaveErrors</a> <a href="#assert-session-missing">assertSessionMissing</a> <a href="#assert-status">assertStatus</a> <a href="#assert-successful">assertSuccessful</a> <a href="#assert-too-many-requests">assertTooManyRequests</a> <a href="#assert-unauthorized">assertUnauthorized</a> <a href="#assert-unprocessable">assertUnprocessable</a> <a href="#assert-unsupported-media-type">assertUnsupportedMediaType</a> <a href="#assert-valid">assertValid</a> <a href="#assert-invalid">assertInvalid</a> <a href="#assert-view-has">assertViewHas</a> <a href="#assert-view-has-all">assertViewHasAll</a> <a href="#assert-view-is">assertViewIs</a> <a href="#assert-view-missing">assertViewMissing</a></p> </div> <h4 id="assert-bad-request"><a href="#assert-bad-request">assertBadRequest</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a bad request (400) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertBadRequest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-accepted"><a href="#assert-accepted">assertAccepted</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has an accepted (202) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertAccepted</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-conflict"><a href="#assert-conflict">assertConflict</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a conflict (409) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertConflict</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-cookie"><a href="#assert-cookie">assertCookie</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response contains the given cookie:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertCookie</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$cookieName</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-cookie-expired"><a href="#assert-cookie-expired">assertCookieExpired</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response contains the given cookie and it is expired:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertCookieExpired</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$cookieName</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-cookie-not-expired"><a href="#assert-cookie-not-expired">assertCookieNotExpired</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response contains the given cookie and it is not expired:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertCookieNotExpired</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$cookieName</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-cookie-missing"><a href="#assert-cookie-missing">assertCookieMissing</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response does not contain the given cookie:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertCookieMissing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$cookieName</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-created"><a href="#assert-created">assertCreated</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a 201 HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertCreated</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-dont-see"><a href="#assert-dont-see">assertDontSee</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given string is not contained within the response returned by the application. This assertion will automatically escape the given string unless you pass a second argument of <code>false</code>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertDontSee</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$escaped</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-dont-see-text"><a href="#assert-dont-see-text">assertDontSeeText</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given string is not contained within the response text. This assertion will automatically escape the given string unless you pass a second argument of <code>false</code>. This method will pass the response content to the <code>strip_tags</code> PHP function before making the assertion:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertDontSeeText</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$escaped</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-download"><a href="#assert-download">assertDownload</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response is a "download". Typically, this means the invoked route that returned the response returned a <code>Response::download</code> response, <code>BinaryFileResponse</code>, or <code>Storage::download</code> response:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertDownload</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <p>If you wish, you may assert that the downloadable file was assigned a given file name:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertDownload</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">image.jpg</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-exact-json"><a href="#assert-exact-json">assertExactJson</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response contains an exact match of the given JSON data:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertExactJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$data</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-exact-json-structure"><a href="#assert-exact-json-structure">assertExactJsonStructure</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response contains an exact match of the given JSON structure:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertExactJsonStructure</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$data</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>This method is a more strict variant of <a href="#assert-json-structure">assertJsonStructure</a>. In contrast with <code>assertJsonStructure</code>, this method will fail if the response contains any keys that aren't explicitly included in the expected JSON structure.</p> <h4 id="assert-forbidden"><a href="#assert-forbidden">assertForbidden</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a forbidden (403) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertForbidden</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-found"><a href="#assert-found">assertFound</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a found (302) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertFound</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-gone"><a href="#assert-gone">assertGone</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a gone (410) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertGone</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-header"><a href="#assert-header">assertHeader</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given header and value is present on the response:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertHeader</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$headerName</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-header-missing"><a href="#assert-header-missing">assertHeaderMissing</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given header is not present on the response:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertHeaderMissing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$headerName</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-internal-server-error"><a href="#assert-internal-server-error">assertInternalServerError</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has an "Internal Server Error" (500) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertInternalServerError</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-json"><a href="#assert-json">assertJson</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response contains the given JSON data:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJson</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$data</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$strict</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">false</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>The <code>assertJson</code> method converts the response to an array to verify that the given array exists within the JSON response returned by the application. So, if there are other properties in the JSON response, this test will still pass as long as the given fragment is present.</p> <h4 id="assert-json-count"><a href="#assert-json-count">assertJsonCount</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response JSON has an array with the expected number of items at the given key:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonCount</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$count</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$key</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-json-fragment"><a href="#assert-json-fragment">assertJsonFragment</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response contains the given JSON data anywhere in the response:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Route</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">get</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">/users</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">()</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">users</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor Otwell</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ],</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ],</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ];</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonFragment</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor Otwell</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-json-is-array"><a href="#assert-json-is-array">assertJsonIsArray</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response JSON is an array:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonIsArray</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-json-is-object"><a href="#assert-json-is-object">assertJsonIsObject</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response JSON is an object:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonIsObject</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-json-missing"><a href="#assert-json-missing">assertJsonMissing</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response does not contain the given JSON data:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonMissing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$data</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-json-missing-exact"><a href="#assert-json-missing-exact">assertJsonMissingExact</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response does not contain the exact JSON data:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonMissingExact</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$data</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-json-missing-validation-errors"><a href="#assert-json-missing-validation-errors">assertJsonMissingValidationErrors</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has no JSON validation errors for the given keys:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonMissingValidationErrors</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$keys</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-purple-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="28" height="40" viewBox="0 0 28 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>lightbulb</title><path d="M12 28h4v-8h-4v8zM8 40h12v-8H8v8zm13.98-14.52c-1.001.705-1.661 1.545-1.98 2.52H8c-.416-.959-1.076-1.799-1.98-2.52A13.99 13.99 0 0 1 0 14C0 6.272 6.272 0 14 0s14 6.272 14 14a13.99 13.99 0 0 1-6.02 11.48z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> The more generic <a href="#assert-valid">assertValid</a> method may be used to assert that a response does not have validation errors that were returned as JSON <strong>and</strong> that no errors were flashed to session storage.</p> </div> <h4 id="assert-json-path"><a href="#assert-json-path">assertJsonPath</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response contains the given data at the specified path:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonPath</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$path</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$expectedValue</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>For example, if the following JSON response is returned by your application:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="json" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"user"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"name"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #80CBC4;">Steve Schoger</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> <p>You may assert that the <code>name</code> property of the <code>user</code> object matches a given value like so:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonPath</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">user.name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Steve Schoger</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-json-missing-path"><a href="#assert-json-missing-path">assertJsonMissingPath</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response does not contain the given path:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonMissingPath</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$path</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>For example, if the following JSON response is returned by your application:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="json" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"user"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"name"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #80CBC4;">Steve Schoger</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> <p>You may assert that it does not contain the <code>email</code> property of the <code>user</code> object:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonMissingPath</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">user.email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-json-structure"><a href="#assert-json-structure">assertJsonStructure</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a given JSON structure:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonStructure</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$structure</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>For example, if the JSON response returned by your application contains the following data:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="json" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"user"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"name"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #80CBC4;">Steve Schoger</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> <p>You may assert that the JSON structure matches your expectations like so:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonStructure</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ]</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <p>Sometimes, JSON responses returned by your application may contain arrays of objects:</p> <div class="code-container"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="json" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">{</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"user"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"name"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #80CBC4;">Steve Schoger</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"age"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">55</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"location"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #80CBC4;">Earth</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> },</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"name"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #80CBC4;">Mary Schoger</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"age"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">60</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">"location"</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">: </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span><span style="color: #80CBC4;">Earth</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">"</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> }</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ]</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">}</span></div></code></pre> </div> <p>In this situation, you may use the <code>*</code> character to assert against the structure of all of the objects in the array:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonStructure</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">*</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">age</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">location</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ]</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> ]</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-json-validation-errors"><a href="#assert-json-validation-errors">assertJsonValidationErrors</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has the given JSON validation errors for the given keys. This method should be used when asserting against responses where the validation errors are returned as a JSON structure instead of being flashed to the session:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonValidationErrors</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$data</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$responseKey</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">errors</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-purple-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="28" height="40" viewBox="0 0 28 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>lightbulb</title><path d="M12 28h4v-8h-4v8zM8 40h12v-8H8v8zm13.98-14.52c-1.001.705-1.661 1.545-1.98 2.52H8c-.416-.959-1.076-1.799-1.98-2.52A13.99 13.99 0 0 1 0 14C0 6.272 6.272 0 14 0s14 6.272 14 14a13.99 13.99 0 0 1-6.02 11.48z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> The more generic <a href="#assert-invalid">assertInvalid</a> method may be used to assert that a response has validation errors returned as JSON <strong>or</strong> that errors were flashed to session storage.</p> </div> <h4 id="assert-json-validation-error-for"><a href="#assert-json-validation-error-for">assertJsonValidationErrorFor</a></h4> <p>Assert the response has any JSON validation errors for the given key:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertJsonValidationErrorFor</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">string</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$key</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$responseKey</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">errors</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-method-not-allowed"><a href="#assert-method-not-allowed">assertMethodNotAllowed</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a method not allowed (405) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertMethodNotAllowed</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-moved-permanently"><a href="#assert-moved-permanently">assertMovedPermanently</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a moved permanently (301) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertMovedPermanently</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-location"><a href="#assert-location">assertLocation</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has the given URI value in the <code>Location</code> header:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertLocation</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$uri</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-content"><a href="#assert-content">assertContent</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given string matches the response content:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertContent</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-no-content"><a href="#assert-no-content">assertNoContent</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has the given HTTP status code and no content:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertNoContent</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$status</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #F78C6C;">204</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-streamed"><a href="#assert-streamed">assertStreamed</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response was a streamed response:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStreamed</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-streamed-content"><a href="#assert-streamed-content">assertStreamedContent</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given string matches the streamed response content:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStreamedContent</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-not-found"><a href="#assert-not-found">assertNotFound</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a not found (404) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertNotFound</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-ok"><a href="#assert-ok">assertOk</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a 200 HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertOk</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-payment-required"><a href="#assert-payment-required">assertPaymentRequired</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a payment required (402) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertPaymentRequired</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-plain-cookie"><a href="#assert-plain-cookie">assertPlainCookie</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response contains the given unencrypted cookie:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertPlainCookie</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$cookieName</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-redirect"><a href="#assert-redirect">assertRedirect</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response is a redirect to the given URI:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertRedirect</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$uri</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-redirect-contains"><a href="#assert-redirect-contains">assertRedirectContains</a></h4> <p>Assert whether the response is redirecting to a URI that contains the given string:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertRedirectContains</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$string</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-redirect-to-route"><a href="#assert-redirect-to-route">assertRedirectToRoute</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response is a redirect to the given <a href="/docs/11.x/routing#named-routes">named route</a>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertRedirectToRoute</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$parameters</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> []);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-redirect-to-signed-route"><a href="#assert-redirect-to-signed-route">assertRedirectToSignedRoute</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response is a redirect to the given <a href="/docs/11.x/urls#signed-urls">signed route</a>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertRedirectToSignedRoute</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$parameters</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> []);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-request-timeout"><a href="#assert-request-timeout">assertRequestTimeout</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a request timeout (408) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertRequestTimeout</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-see"><a href="#assert-see">assertSee</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given string is contained within the response. This assertion will automatically escape the given string unless you pass a second argument of <code>false</code>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSee</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$escaped</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-see-in-order"><a href="#assert-see-in-order">assertSeeInOrder</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given strings are contained in order within the response. This assertion will automatically escape the given strings unless you pass a second argument of <code>false</code>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSeeInOrder</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$values</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$escaped</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-see-text"><a href="#assert-see-text">assertSeeText</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given string is contained within the response text. This assertion will automatically escape the given string unless you pass a second argument of <code>false</code>. The response content will be passed to the <code>strip_tags</code> PHP function before the assertion is made:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSeeText</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$escaped</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-see-text-in-order"><a href="#assert-see-text-in-order">assertSeeTextInOrder</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given strings are contained in order within the response text. This assertion will automatically escape the given strings unless you pass a second argument of <code>false</code>. The response content will be passed to the <code>strip_tags</code> PHP function before the assertion is made:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSeeTextInOrder</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$values</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$escaped</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">true</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-server-error"><a href="#assert-server-error">assertServerError</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a server error (>= 500 , < 600) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertServerError</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-server-unavailable"><a href="#assert-server-unavailable">assertServiceUnavailable</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a "Service Unavailable" (503) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertServiceUnavailable</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-session-has"><a href="#assert-session-has">assertSessionHas</a></h4> <p>Assert that the session contains the given piece of data:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHas</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$key</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>If needed, a closure can be provided as the second argument to the <code>assertSessionHas</code> method. The assertion will pass if the closure returns <code>true</code>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHas</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$key</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">User</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">->name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">===</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor Otwell</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-session-has-input"><a href="#assert-session-has-input">assertSessionHasInput</a></h4> <p>Assert that the session has a given value in the <a href="/docs/11.x/responses#redirecting-with-flashed-session-data">flashed input array</a>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHasInput</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$key</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>If needed, a closure can be provided as the second argument to the <code>assertSessionHasInput</code> method. The assertion will pass if the closure returns <code>true</code>:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #C792EA;">use</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> Illuminate\Support\Facades\</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Crypt</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHasInput</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$key</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">string</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">Crypt</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">::</span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">decryptString</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">) </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">===</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">secret</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-session-has-all"><a href="#assert-session-has-all">assertSessionHasAll</a></h4> <p>Assert that the session contains a given array of key / value pairs:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHasAll</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$data</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>For example, if your application's session contains <code>name</code> and <code>status</code> keys, you may assert that both exist and have the specified values like so:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHasAll</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor Otwell</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">status</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">active</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-session-has-errors"><a href="#assert-session-has-errors">assertSessionHasErrors</a></h4> <p>Assert that the session contains an error for the given <code>$keys</code>. If <code>$keys</code> is an associative array, assert that the session contains a specific error message (value) for each field (key). This method should be used when testing routes that flash validation errors to the session instead of returning them as a JSON structure:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHasErrors</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$keys</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [], </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$format</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$errorBag</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">default</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>For example, to assert that the <code>name</code> and <code>email</code> fields have validation error messages that were flashed to the session, you may invoke the <code>assertSessionHasErrors</code> method like so:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHasErrors</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <p>Or, you may assert that a given field has a particular validation error message:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHasErrors</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">The given name was invalid.</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-purple-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="28" height="40" viewBox="0 0 28 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>lightbulb</title><path d="M12 28h4v-8h-4v8zM8 40h12v-8H8v8zm13.98-14.52c-1.001.705-1.661 1.545-1.98 2.52H8c-.416-.959-1.076-1.799-1.98-2.52A13.99 13.99 0 0 1 0 14C0 6.272 6.272 0 14 0s14 6.272 14 14a13.99 13.99 0 0 1-6.02 11.48z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> The more generic <a href="#assert-invalid">assertInvalid</a> method may be used to assert that a response has validation errors returned as JSON <strong>or</strong> that errors were flashed to session storage.</p> </div> <h4 id="assert-session-has-errors-in"><a href="#assert-session-has-errors-in">assertSessionHasErrorsIn</a></h4> <p>Assert that the session contains an error for the given <code>$keys</code> within a specific <a href="/docs/11.x/validation#named-error-bags">error bag</a>. If <code>$keys</code> is an associative array, assert that the session contains a specific error message (value) for each field (key), within the error bag:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHasErrorsIn</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$errorBag</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$keys</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [], </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$format</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-session-has-no-errors"><a href="#assert-session-has-no-errors">assertSessionHasNoErrors</a></h4> <p>Assert that the session has no validation errors:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionHasNoErrors</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-session-doesnt-have-errors"><a href="#assert-session-doesnt-have-errors">assertSessionDoesntHaveErrors</a></h4> <p>Assert that the session has no validation errors for the given keys:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionDoesntHaveErrors</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$keys</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> [], </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$format</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$errorBag</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">default</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <div class="mb-10 max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4 py-8 shadow-lg lg:flex lg:items-center callout"> <div class="w-20 h-20 mb-6 flex items-center justify-center shrink-0 lg:mb-0 bg-purple-600"> <div class="opacity-75"><svg width="28" height="40" viewBox="0 0 28 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>lightbulb</title><path d="M12 28h4v-8h-4v8zM8 40h12v-8H8v8zm13.98-14.52c-1.001.705-1.661 1.545-1.98 2.52H8c-.416-.959-1.076-1.799-1.98-2.52A13.99 13.99 0 0 1 0 14C0 6.272 6.272 0 14 0s14 6.272 14 14a13.99 13.99 0 0 1-6.02 11.48z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></svg></div> </div> <p class="mb-0 lg:ml-6 callout"> The more generic <a href="#assert-valid">assertValid</a> method may be used to assert that a response does not have validation errors that were returned as JSON <strong>and</strong> that no errors were flashed to session storage.</p> </div> <h4 id="assert-session-missing"><a href="#assert-session-missing">assertSessionMissing</a></h4> <p>Assert that the session does not contain the given key:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSessionMissing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$key</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-status"><a href="#assert-status">assertStatus</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a given HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertStatus</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$code</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-successful"><a href="#assert-successful">assertSuccessful</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a successful (>= 200 and < 300) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertSuccessful</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-too-many-requests"><a href="#assert-too-many-requests">assertTooManyRequests</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has a too many requests (429) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertTooManyRequests</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-unauthorized"><a href="#assert-unauthorized">assertUnauthorized</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has an unauthorized (401) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertUnauthorized</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-unprocessable"><a href="#assert-unprocessable">assertUnprocessable</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has an unprocessable entity (422) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertUnprocessable</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-unsupported-media-type"><a href="#assert-unsupported-media-type">assertUnsupportedMediaType</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has an unsupported media type (415) HTTP status code:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertUnsupportedMediaType</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-valid"><a href="#assert-valid">assertValid</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has no validation errors for the given keys. This method may be used for asserting against responses where the validation errors are returned as a JSON structure or where the validation errors have been flashed to the session:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Assert that no validation errors are present...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertValid</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Assert that the given keys do not have validation errors...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertValid</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-invalid"><a href="#assert-invalid">assertInvalid</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has validation errors for the given keys. This method may be used for asserting against responses where the validation errors are returned as a JSON structure or where the validation errors have been flashed to the session:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertInvalid</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <p>You may also assert that a given key has a particular validation error message. When doing so, you may provide the entire message or only a small portion of the message:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertInvalid</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">The name field is required.</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">valid email address</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-view-has"><a href="#assert-view-has">assertViewHas</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response view contains a given piece of data:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertViewHas</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$key</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>Passing a closure as the second argument to the <code>assertViewHas</code> method will allow you to inspect and make assertions against a particular piece of view data:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertViewHas</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">function</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">(</span><span style="color: #FFCB8B;">User</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$user</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">)</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> {</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">return</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$user</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">->name</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">===</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">;</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">});</span></div></code></pre> <p>In addition, view data may be accessed as array variables on the response, allowing you to conveniently inspect it:</p> <div class="tabbed-code" data-group="1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498"> <div class="tabbed-code-nav"> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button active" data-tab="Pest" onClick="setTab('Pest', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">Pest</button> <button class="tabbed-code-nav-button" data-tab="PHPUnit" onClick="setTab('PHPUnit', '1df3cf502597c6d6b58a6e0bfc806498')">PHPUnit</button> </div> <div class="tabbed-code-body"> <div class="code-container active" data-tab="Pest"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #82AAFF;">expect</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">($</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">])</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">toBe</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> </div> <div class="code-container" data-tab="PHPUnit"> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertEquals</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">[</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="assert-view-has-all"><a href="#assert-view-has-all">assertViewHasAll</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response view has a given list of data:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertViewHasAll</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #C792EA;">array</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$data</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <p>This method may be used to assert that the view simply contains data matching the given keys:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertViewHasAll</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <p>Or, you may assert that the view data is present and has specific values:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertViewHasAll</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">Taylor Otwell</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="493d283025263b092c31282439252c672a2624">[email protected]</a>,</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-view-is"><a href="#assert-view-is">assertViewIs</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given view was returned by the route:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertViewIs</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$value</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-view-missing"><a href="#assert-view-missing">assertViewMissing</a></h4> <p>Assert that the given data key was not made available to the view returned in the application's response:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertViewMissing</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$key</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h3 id="authentication-assertions"><a href="#authentication-assertions">Authentication Assertions</a></h3> <p>Laravel also provides a variety of authentication related assertions that you may utilize within your application's feature tests. Note that these methods are invoked on the test class itself and not the <code>Illuminate\Testing\TestResponse</code> instance returned by methods such as <code>get</code> and <code>post</code>.</p> <h4 id="assert-authenticated"><a href="#assert-authenticated">assertAuthenticated</a></h4> <p>Assert that a user is authenticated:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertAuthenticated</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$guard</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-guest"><a href="#assert-guest">assertGuest</a></h4> <p>Assert that a user is not authenticated:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertGuest</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$guard</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="assert-authenticated-as"><a href="#assert-authenticated-as">assertAuthenticatedAs</a></h4> <p>Assert that a specific user is authenticated:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #FF5572;">$this</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertAuthenticatedAs</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">(</span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$user</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$guard</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #C792EA;">=</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">null</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">);</span></div></code></pre> <h2 id="validation-assertions"><a href="#validation-assertions">Validation Assertions</a></h2> <p>Laravel provides two primary validation related assertions that you may use to ensure the data provided in your request was either valid or invalid.</p> <h4 id="validation-assert-valid"><a href="#validation-assert-valid">assertValid</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has no validation errors for the given keys. This method may be used for asserting against responses where the validation errors are returned as a JSON structure or where the validation errors have been flashed to the session:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Assert that no validation errors are present...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertValid</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">();</span></div><div class='line'> </div><div class='line'><span style="color: #697098;">//</span><span style="color: #697098;"> Assert that the given keys do not have validation errors...</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertValid</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <h4 id="validation-assert-invalid"><a href="#validation-assert-invalid">assertInvalid</a></h4> <p>Assert that the response has validation errors for the given keys. This method may be used for asserting against responses where the validation errors are returned as a JSON structure or where the validation errors have been flashed to the session:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertInvalid</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">, </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre> <p>You may also assert that a given key has a particular validation error message. When doing so, you may provide the entire message or only a small portion of the message:</p> <pre><code data-theme="olaolu-palenight" data-lang="php" class='torchlight' style='background-color: #292D3E; --theme-selection-background: #7580B850;'><div class='line'><span style="color: #BEC5D4;">$response</span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">-></span><span style="color: #82AAFF;">assertInvalid</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">([</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">name</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">The name field is required.</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">email</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #89DDFF;">=></span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;"> </span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #C3E88D;">valid email address</span><span style="color: #D9F5DD;">'</span><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">,</span></div><div class='line'><span style="color: #BFC7D5;">]);</span></div></code></pre><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script> function setTab(tab, group, save) { save = typeof save === 'undefined' ? true : save document .querySelectorAll(`.tabbed-code[data-group="${group}"] .tabbed-code-nav-button`) .forEach(el => el.classList.remove('active')) document .querySelectorAll(`.tabbed-code[data-group="${group}"] .code-container`) .forEach(el => el.classList.remove('active')) document .querySelectorAll(`.tabbed-code[data-group="${group}"] [data-tab="${tab}"]`) .forEach(el => el.classList.add('active')) if (save) { saveTab(tab, group) } } function getTabs() { try { return JSON.parse(localStorage.tabs) } catch { return {} } } function saveTab(tab, group) { localStorage.tabs = JSON.stringify({ ...getTabs(), [group]: tab, }) } function restoreTabs() { Object.entries(getTabs()).forEach(([group, tab]) => setTab(tab, group, false)) } restoreTabs() </script> <script async type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.carbonads.com/carbon.js?serve=CKYILK3E&placement=laravelcom" id="_carbonads_js"></script> </div> </section> </section> </div> </section> </div> </div> <footer class="relative pt-12 dark:bg-dark-700"> <div class="max-w-screen-2xl mx-auto w-full px-8"> <div> <a href="/" class="inline-flex"> <img class="w-16 h-16" src="/img/logomark.min.svg" alt="Laravel" width="64" height="64" loading="lazy"> </a> </div> <div class="mt-6 grid grid-cols-12 md:gap-x-8 gap-y-12 sm:mt-12"> <div class="col-span-12 lg:col-span-4"> <p class="max-w-sm text-xs text-gray-700 sm:text-sm dark:text-gray-500"> Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. 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