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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Black smokers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_smokers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstruction_of_a_spreading-axis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstruction_of_a_spreading-axis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reconstruction of a spreading-axis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstruction_of_a_spreading-axis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Troodos'_role_in_understanding_modern_mid-ocean_ridge_processes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Troodos'_role_in_understanding_modern_mid-ocean_ridge_processes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Troodos' role in understanding modern mid-ocean ridge processes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Troodos'_role_in_understanding_modern_mid-ocean_ridge_processes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Troodos_Ophiolite" title="Special:EditPage/Troodos Ophiolite">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Troodos+Ophiolite%22">"Troodos Ophiolite"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Troodos+Ophiolite%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Troodos+Ophiolite%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Troodos+Ophiolite%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Troodos+Ophiolite%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Troodos+Ophiolite%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Troodos Ophiolite</b> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> represents a <a href="/wiki/Late_Cretaceous" title="Late Cretaceous">Late Cretaceous</a> spreading axis (<a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">mid-ocean ridge</a>) that has since been uplifted due to its positioning on the overriding <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolian Plate">Anatolian Plate</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyprus arc">Cyprus arc</a> and ongoing <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> to the south of the <a href="/wiki/Eratosthenes_Seamount" title="Eratosthenes Seamount">Eratosthenes Seamount</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stratigraphy">Stratigraphy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troodos_Ophiolite&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Stratigraphy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pillow_Lava_of_Troodos_Ophiolite_in_Cyprus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Pillow_Lava_of_Troodos_Ophiolite_in_Cyprus.jpg/220px-Pillow_Lava_of_Troodos_Ophiolite_in_Cyprus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Pillow_Lava_of_Troodos_Ophiolite_in_Cyprus.jpg/330px-Pillow_Lava_of_Troodos_Ophiolite_in_Cyprus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Pillow_Lava_of_Troodos_Ophiolite_in_Cyprus.jpg/440px-Pillow_Lava_of_Troodos_Ophiolite_in_Cyprus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Pillow lava of the Troodos ophiolite (The red lines have been added to the photo by the photographer to outline the shape of some of the lava pillows)</figcaption></figure> <p>The lowest units of the <a href="/wiki/Ophiolite" title="Ophiolite">ophiolite</a> are the Lower Pillow Lavas, controversially separated from the Upper Pillow Lavas. Filling spaces in between the pillows in the <a href="/wiki/Pillow_lava" title="Pillow lava">pillow lava</a> units are dispersed metal oxide sediments that can also be seen as <a href="/wiki/Vein_(geology)" title="Vein (geology)">veins</a> filling cooling fractures within the lavas. The metal oxides are ferruginous with ferromanganese oxides, <a href="/wiki/Clay_mineral" title="Clay mineral">clays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_mineral" title="Carbonate mineral">carbonates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_glass" title="Volcanic glass">volcanic glass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pelagic_sediment" title="Pelagic sediment">pelagic sediments</a>. </p><p>Above the pillow lava units lies a layer of ferromaganiferous <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clastic_rock" title="Clastic rock">clastic</a> volcanics (the epiclastics). The epiclastites are massive altered <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> fragments in a mud matrix, usually ferromanganiferous. Overlying this is the massive-finely laminated ferromanganese muds. Between the epiclastics and muds lie background accumulations of pelagic sediment. </p><p>To the south there is the Mathiati-Margi <a href="/wiki/Volcanogenic_massive_sulfide_ore_deposit" title="Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit">massive sulfide ore body</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stockwork" title="Stockwork">stockwork</a> mineralisation. The sulfide ore occurs at the same stratigraphic level as the Lower and Upper pillow lava contact, and is overlain by unmineralised lavas.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petrology">Petrology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troodos_Ophiolite&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Petrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dunite" title="Dunite">Dunite</a> bodies (<a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a>) are common in the mantle series of the Troodos, and contain <a href="/wiki/Chromite" title="Chromite">chromite</a> concentrations. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geology_of_Cyprus-Ophiolite_Sheeted_dyke_complex.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Geology_of_Cyprus-Ophiolite_Sheeted_dyke_complex.jpg/220px-Geology_of_Cyprus-Ophiolite_Sheeted_dyke_complex.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Geology_of_Cyprus-Ophiolite_Sheeted_dyke_complex.jpg/330px-Geology_of_Cyprus-Ophiolite_Sheeted_dyke_complex.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Geology_of_Cyprus-Ophiolite_Sheeted_dyke_complex.jpg/440px-Geology_of_Cyprus-Ophiolite_Sheeted_dyke_complex.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Sheeted dyke complex of the Troodos ophiolite</figcaption></figure> <p>The sheeted dykes show a general <a href="/wiki/Tholeiitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Tholeiitic">tholeiitic</a> trend, of basalts, <a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">andesites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">dacites</a>. There is no obvious boundary for the compositional differences, but the lower lavas are generally more enriched and evolved (<a href="/wiki/Silicic" title="Silicic">silicic</a>) while the upper lavas are less evolved and depleted. </p><p>The geochemical evidence implies that the Troodos ophiolite has come from <a href="/wiki/Mantle_(geology)" title="Mantle (geology)">mantle</a> that has already been depleted, with extraction of mid ocean ridge <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>, but then subsequently enriched in certain <a href="/wiki/Trace_element" title="Trace element">trace elements</a> as well as water. Along with the alkaline character of the <a href="/wiki/Plagiogranites" class="mw-redirect" title="Plagiogranites">plagiogranites</a> it can be assumed that the spreading ridge of the Troodos was situated above a <a href="/wiki/Subduction_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Subduction zone">subduction zone</a>, but the mantle from which lavas were extruded was that of mantle that had recently lost a melt fraction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metallogenesis_of_the_Troodos_Ophiolite">Metallogenesis of the Troodos Ophiolite</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troodos_Ophiolite&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Metallogenesis of the Troodos Ophiolite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Troodos is a unique ophiolite in terms of observing <a href="/wiki/Metasomatism#Alteration_assemblages" title="Metasomatism">hydrothermal alteration</a>, because it has not been <a href="/wiki/Metamorphism" title="Metamorphism">metamorphosed</a> to a high extent or deformed extensively. Therefore, it is easy to see the successions and relationships of the hydrothermal processes to the structure of the ridge. This is difficult to observe in modern ridges due to accessibility problems, and so the Troodos gives a unique view into these processes. The fact that the same kinds of alteration can be seen in modern axes implies the same processes happened at the Troodos, even though it was formed in a supra-subduction zone. </p><p>Alteration of the lavas is related to both axial hydrothermal systems and crustal aging in a submarine environment.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fluid can be shown to have penetrated at least to the base of the <a href="/wiki/Plutonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutonic">plutonic</a> sequence where high temperature and secondary phases in the plutonics and cumulates imply alteration close to the ridge axis. </p><p>The presence of alteration in all of the extrusive levels but the very highest imply a succession of numerous hydrothermal convection cells active during eruption.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the crustal sequence gradually moved off of the spreading axis, there was cessation of the main metalliferous deposition and progressive restriction of water/rock action and eventually water interaction was restricted to within rock units as the crust was sealed off. This caused precipitation of late stage zeolites and carbonates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Black_smokers">Black smokers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troodos_Ophiolite&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Black smokers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The massive sulfide deposits can also be shown to have formed at the same temperature as modern day <a href="/wiki/Black_smokers" class="mw-redirect" title="Black smokers">black smokers</a>, which provides evidence that these could be formed from the smokers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstruction_of_a_spreading-axis">Reconstruction of a spreading-axis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troodos_Ophiolite&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reconstruction of a spreading-axis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In terms of the physical mechanism of spreading the Troodos spreading axis is broadly comparable to that of a modern intermediate spreading ridge.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eruption rates along the ridge are high so there is little time for sediment accumulation during active periods. In terms of lava geochemistry and stratigraphy, however, Troodos is more likely to have formed in a subduction initiation setting <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Troodos'_role_in_understanding_modern_mid-ocean_ridge_processes"><span id="Troodos.27_role_in_understanding_modern_mid-ocean_ridge_processes"></span>Troodos' role in understanding modern mid-ocean ridge processes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troodos_Ophiolite&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Troodos' role in understanding modern mid-ocean ridge processes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research on the Troodos flourished after the late 1960s revolution on the fact that ophiolites represented fragments of ocean crust, where then petrologic and secondly structural studies were done on various ophiolites around the world. Interpretations of the Troodos have advanced understandings of the construction of ocean <a href="/wiki/Lithosphere" title="Lithosphere">lithosphere</a>, the nature of the seismic layering of the oceanic crust and the magmatic, structural and hydrothermal processes at the ridges. Also, importantly it has helped with understandings of the mechanisms associated with plate collision. </p><p>In the early 1970s it began to be widely accepted that the ophiolite represented sea-floor spreading, and subsequently that the Troodos showed geochemical signatures like that of arc volcanics.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This last fact was first pushed by <a href="/wiki/Akiho_Miyashiro" title="Akiho Miyashiro">Akiho Miyashiro</a> in 1973 who challenged the common conception of Troodos Ophiolite and proposed an <a href="/wiki/Island_arc" title="Island arc">island arc</a> origin for it.<sup id="cite_ref-YildirimFurnes2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YildirimFurnes2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was done arguing that numerous lavas and dykes in the ophiolite had <a href="/wiki/Calc-alkaline_magma_series" title="Calc-alkaline magma series">calc-alkaline chemistries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-YildirimFurnes2011_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YildirimFurnes2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1980s the term supra-subduction zone was coined to infer the formation of lavas above a subducting lithospheric slab, with no specification of where in relation to the subducting slab they form. From subsequent studies of other ophiolites it has been found that these generally have a similar geochemical signature, and so it is inferred that most are supra-subduction zone related.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the Troodos ophiolite it was observed from the variation in magma types, which can be seen to go from evolved to less evolved <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> rocks in localised cross cutting field relationships implying the presence of more than one magma chamber that cuts other exhausted ones. This has now been shown to be supported from other ophiolite bodies such as Oman. </p><p>In terms of ophiolite emplacement, there was a problem of how to uplift dense oceanic lithosphere through 5–6 km of water and onto continents.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This process, however it happened, was coined obduction. The processes could possibly vary depending on the active or passive type of margin encountered, such as <a href="/wiki/Tethyan_Trench" title="Tethyan Trench">Tethyan</a> or <a href="/wiki/American_Cordillera" title="American Cordillera">Cordilleran</a> margins. In Tethyan passive margins gravity sliding over <a href="/wiki/Accretionary_wedge" title="Accretionary wedge">accretionary terranes</a> via low angle thrust faults was proposed. On the Cordilleran margin, lithospheric fragments are incorporated into accretionary terranes. In the Troodos, <a href="/wiki/Gravity_anomaly" title="Gravity anomaly">gravity surveys</a> have implied that the ophiolite is underlain by continental crust whose relative buoyancy uplifted the ocean crust, which in some circumstances could eventually lead to sliding onto the accretionary wedge (or now Eratostines seamount subducted for Troodos). </p><p>In the supra-subduction zone, spreading is not controlled like in mid-ocean ridge settings, as the extension is mainly facilitated by <a href="/wiki/Slab_rollback" class="mw-redirect" title="Slab rollback">slab rollback</a> that creates space independently of the availability of magma. Therefore, the fastest spreading rates are caused by the most rapid rollback and thus favours a magmatic spreading as in many cases the mantle may not be able to keep up with the spreading. Therefore, there is unusually thinned crust, large low-angle extensional faults are common and much crustal rotation.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troodos_Ophiolite&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Cyprus" title="Geology of Cyprus">Geology of Cyprus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troodos_Ophiolite&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobertson1998" class="citation journal cs1">Robertson, Alastair H.F (1998). "Tectonic significance of the Eratosthenes Seamount: a continental fragment in the process of collision with a subduction zone in the eastern Mediterranean (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 160)". <i>Tectonophysics</i>. <b>298</b> (<span class="nowrap">1–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">63–</span>82. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Tectp.298...63R">1998Tectp.298...63R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0040-1951%2898%2900178-4">10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00178-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tectonophysics&rft.atitle=Tectonic+significance+of+the+Eratosthenes+Seamount%3A+a+continental+fragment+in+the+process+of+collision+with+a+subduction+zone+in+the+eastern+Mediterranean+%28Ocean+Drilling+Program+Leg+160%29&rft.volume=298&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E82&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0040-1951%2898%2900178-4&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998Tectp.298...63R&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Alastair+H.F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroodos+Ophiolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoyleRobertson1984" class="citation journal cs1">Boyle, J. 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"Petrology and oxygen isotope geochemistry of a fossil seawater hydrothermal system within the Solea graben, northern Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus". <i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i>. <b>93</b> (B5): 4612. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988JGR....93.4612S">1988JGR....93.4612S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2FJB093iB05p04612">10.1029/JB093iB05p04612</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Petrology+and+oxygen+isotope+geochemistry+of+a+fossil+seawater+hydrothermal+system+within+the+Solea+graben%2C+northern+Troodos+ophiolite%2C+Cyprus&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=B5&rft.pages=4612&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2FJB093iB05p04612&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988JGR....93.4612S&rft.aulast=Schiffman&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroodos+Ophiolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHamelinDupreBrevartAllegre1988" class="citation journal cs1">Hamelin, B; Dupre, B; Brevart, O; Allegre, C (1988). 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"Spreading structure of the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus". <i>Geology</i>. <b>13</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">846–</span>850. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985Geo....13..846V">1985Geo....13..846V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281985%2913%3C846%3Assotto%3E2.0.co%3B2">10.1130/0091-7613(1985)13<846:ssotto>2.0.co;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology&rft.atitle=Spreading+structure+of+the+Troodos+ophiolite%2C+Cyprus&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E846-%3C%2Fspan%3E850&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0091-7613%281985%2913%3C846%3Assotto%3E2.0.co%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985Geo....13..846V&rft.aulast=Varga1&rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&rft.au=Moores%2C+Eldridge+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroodos+Ophiolite" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPearceRobinson2010" class="citation journal cs1">Pearce, J.A.; Robinson, P.T. 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"Ophiolite genesis and global tectonics: Geochemical and tectonic fingerprinting of ancient oceanic lithosphere". <i>Geological Society of America Bulletin</i>. <b>123</b> (3/4): <span class="nowrap">387–</span>411. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011GSAB..123..387D">2011GSAB..123..387D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2FB30446.1">10.1130/B30446.1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geological+Society+of+America+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Ophiolite+genesis+and+global+tectonics%3A+Geochemical+and+tectonic+fingerprinting+of+ancient+oceanic+lithosphere&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E387-%3C%2Fspan%3E411&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2FB30446.1&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011GSAB..123..387D&rft.aulast=Yildirim&rft.aufirst=Dilek&rft.au=Furnes%2C+Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroodos+Ophiolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobertson1977" class="citation journal cs1">Robertson, A.H.F. 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"Tertiary uplift history of the Troodos massif, Cyprus". <i>GSA Bulletin</i>. <b>88</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">1763–</span>1772. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977GSAB...88.1763R">1977GSAB...88.1763R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0016-7606%281977%2988%3C1763%3Atuhott%3E2.0.co%3B2">10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<1763:tuhott>2.0.co;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GSA+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Tertiary+uplift+history+of+the+Troodos+massif%2C+Cyprus&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1763-%3C%2Fspan%3E1772&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0016-7606%281977%2988%3C1763%3Atuhott%3E2.0.co%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1977GSAB...88.1763R&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=A.H.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroodos+Ophiolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllertonVine1987" class="citation journal cs1">Allerton, Simon; Vine, F. 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"Spreading structure of the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus: Some paleomagnetic constraints". <i>Geology</i>. <b>15</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">593–</span>597. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987Geo....15..593A">1987Geo....15..593A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281987%2915%3C593%3Assotto%3E2.0.co%3B2">10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<593:ssotto>2.0.co;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology&rft.atitle=Spreading+structure+of+the+Troodos+ophiolite%2C+Cyprus%3A+Some+paleomagnetic+constraints&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E593-%3C%2Fspan%3E597&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0091-7613%281987%2915%3C593%3Assotto%3E2.0.co%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1987Geo....15..593A&rft.aulast=Allerton&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Vine%2C+F.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATroodos+Ophiolite" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Troodos_Ophiolite&oldid=1246013033">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Troodos_Ophiolite&oldid=1246013033</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_Cyprus" title="Category:Geology of Cyprus">Geology of Cyprus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ophiolites" title="Category:Ophiolites">Ophiolites</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2014" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2014">Articles needing additional references from May 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 September 2024, at 11:44<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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