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data-work-id="126586305"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/126586305/Historical_and_Archaeological_Investigation_into_the_Triangle_Land_in_South_Bends_West_Washington_District"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Historical and Archaeological Investigation into the "Triangle Land" in South Bend's West Washington District" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Historical and Archaeological Investigation into the "Triangle Land" in South Bend's West Washington District</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The 81st Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span 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SUBSISTENCE PATTERNS AS MARKERS OF CULTURAL EXCHANGE: EUROPEAN AND TAÍNO INTERACTIONS IN ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Page 1. SUBSISTENCE PATTERNS AS MARKERS OF CULTURAL EXCHANGE: EUROPEAN AND TAÍNO INTERACTIONS IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC James M. 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Most important, it avoids the neotraditionalist romanticism, the unrealistic desire for a meditative village retreat, that bedevils so much of the voluntary-simplicity movement. Along with its companion volume, Confronting Consumption (2002), which Princen edited with colleagues Michael Maniates and Ken Conca, it provides a starting place for social scientists to begin thinking about how to use what we have learned to face the challenge of building a more sustainable future. 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The site's features...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">is a major Taíno site that we believe served as a regional ceremonial center. The site's features include a flooded sinkhole and four stone-lined plazas similar to contact-period plazas used for ball games and dances. This paper uses data derived from instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of ceramics from the sinkhole and plazas to evaluate hypotheses about La Aleta's importance and internal organization. The INAA data are not inconsistent with the interpretation that La Aleta served a regional, rather than local, population, but the results to date are probably best described as equivocal. The data do not support the hypothesis that each of the four plazas was used by people from a different locality. Instead, the data are more consistent with alternative hypotheses about the use of the plazas and/or the manufacture of the ceramics found therein.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2c697125d83a153ac1801dc3606d6cb1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83612769,"asset_id":74686094,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83612769/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74686094"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74686094"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74686094; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74686094]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74686094]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74686094; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='74686094']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2c697125d83a153ac1801dc3606d6cb1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=74686094]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":74686094,"title":"Compositional Analysis of Ceramics from la Aleta, Dominican Republic","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"dialnet.unirioja.es","ai_title_tag":"Ceramic Analysis at La Aleta, Dominican Republic","grobid_abstract":"is a major Taíno site that we believe served as a regional ceremonial center. 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" This article narrates the history ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sometimes, archaeology illuminates the history of " big men. " This article narrates the history through archaeological investigation of one city corner in South Bend, Indiana, and the contribution of the businesses that occupied it in the city's most formative years. Manufacturing successes within South Bend such as the Oliver Plow Works, and Studebaker, are well known and researched. What is less well known are the supporting businesses and people that made up the representative sample of this influential city. This article sheds light on the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses it housed, supported by extensive archival research, and recovered artifacts. A humble tinsmith became the proprietor of the area's largest hardware and lumberyards. A German immigrant and his friend established one of the area's largest and longest-running grocery stores that would propel both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests, forming a neighborhood.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-37321495-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-37321495-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896860/figure-1-sometimes-the-lives-of-the-everyday-people-can-be"><img alt="Sometimes the lives of the everyday people can be erased in addition to being ignored. This seems to be the case at one city corner in South Bend, Indiana. During archaeological excavation conducted by IU South Bend in the summer of 2015 at site 12-Sj-0497 (see Figure 1). it was found that buildings in an entire block were razed in a very short window of time (Finnigan and VanderVeen 2016). In the attempt to flatten part of a neighborhood, the contributions of the businesses that occupied it were at risk of being lost forever. Without their buildings, and the potential for the resulting loss of artifacts, these people who were not as distinguished in the business and civic fields were all but removed from the archaeological record. Little evidence existed of the supporting businesses and business people that made up the representative sample of a city. This article investigates the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses that the missing neighborhood housed, supported by extensive archival research and recovered artifacts. As it turns out, a German immigrant and his friend established one of the area’s largest, and longest-running grocery stores that would prope! both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests forming a vibrant if short-lived neighborhood. The West Washington neighborhood was one of gaslights and trolley cars, nouveau-rich, and the fruits of American industrial expansion in the early 1900s. The mansions and extant structures in the district are recognized on the National Register of Historic Places. Contributions from the wealthy helped build opera houses and churches, but it was the corner businessmen that formed the heart and soul of South Bend. Figure 1. Detail of South Bend West, Ind. 1:24000 topographic map, showing Section 11. Site 12-Sj-0497, highlighted here with a triangle, is on the northwest corner of La Porte Ave and West Washington Street (not labeled). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896871/figure-2-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896883/figure-3-the-oliver-family-house-called-copshaholm"><img alt="Figure 3. The Oliver family house, called ““Copshaholm.” (Photograph by author VanderVeen.) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896892/figure-4-details-of-fire-insurance-maps-sanborn-map-and"><img alt="Figure 4. Details of fire insurance maps (Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1875-1949) showing the property at the corner of LaPorte and Washington in 1891 (above) and 1917 (below). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896902/figure-5-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896914/figure-6-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896923/figure-5-detail-from-drawing-of-metal-ring-and-chain-link"><img alt="Figure 5. Detail from a drawing of metal ring and chain link from Unit D, approximately 120-130 cm below surface. The ring ends in a threaded rod and nut (too corroded to photograph well) and any remaining chain links were absent. (Drawing by author VanderVeen.) This story cannot be verified, but it seems that Frank Baker, and to a greater degree, Solomon Fox, had an expansive and powerful network of business associates. Later ventures indicate that Fox had acquired an admirable reputation, and he was considered quite trustworthy. Archaeological evidence of the safe is inconclusive, but a large D-shaped handle was found with a heavy bolt protruding from the bottom of it (Figure 5). A large nut was screwed onto the distal aspect of the bolt, and if it had been tightened with the bolt running through something, it would nave left a large amount of space for a thick timber or support beam. A small section of chain with incredibly thick links was attached to the D-ring, suggesting something very large and valuable was chained and bolted to something else quite substantive. This D-ring was found where the back left corner of the store would have been, very near an area where we found direct svidence of an incinerator that was well-used. In fact, the incinerator may be related to the adjacent smokehouse, tying the many uses of buildings on the block together. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896930/figure-8-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896938/figure-7-tin-spoon-excavated-from-unit-cm-below-surface"><img alt="Figure 7. Tin spoon excavated from Unit G, 20-30 cm below surface. (Photograph by author VanderVeen.) 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Manufacturing successes within South Bend such as the Oliver Plow Works, and Studebaker, are well known and researched. What is less well known are the supporting businesses and people that made up the representative sample of this influential city. This article sheds light on the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses it housed, supported by extensive archival research, and recovered artifacts. A humble tinsmith became the proprietor of the area’s largest hardware and lumberyards. A German immigrant and his friend established one of the area’s largest and longest-running grocery stores that would propel both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests, forming a neighborhood.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-35496068-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-35496068-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662216/figure-1-indiana-department-of-natural-resources-division-of"><img alt="Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662225/figure-2-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662236/figure-3-mission-statement-the-division-of-historic"><img alt="Mission Statement: The Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology promotes the conservation of Indiana’s cultural resources through public education efforts, financial incentives including several grant and tax credit programs, and the administration of state and federally mandated legislation. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662248/figure-1-james-and-mary-anderson-property-in-an-atlas-of"><img alt="Figure 1. James V. and Mary Anderson property in An Atlas of Switzerland and Ohio Counties published in 1883 (Lake 1883). into individual farms. An 1883 plat map shows the house and barn’s location on the 159-acre property (Figure 1). The hay press barn investigated in this study is labeled a “Tobaccc Warehouse,” and the atlas lists Anderson’s position as a “Tobacco Dealer” (Lake 1883). The 1884 Indiana Gazetteer lists Anderson’s business focus as “tobacco and grain” (Polk & Co 1884). The 1860, 1870, and 1880 population census forms show Anderson (b. 1830 in Ohio) anc his wife Mary (b. 1837 in Indiana) residing in the house with their five daughters and three sons. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662253/figure-5-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662263/figure-3-plan-of-central-hall-house-illustration-by-pan"><img alt="Figure 3. Plan of a central-hall house. Illustration by Pan Jiang based on Roberts (1996:143). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662280/figure-4-north-and-west-facades-of-the-johnston-house"><img alt="Figure 4. North and west facades of the Johnston House looking southeast. Photo from ThinkGIS (2017) The timber constructed portion of the Johnston House is now nestled in a multi-roomed structure of presumably piecemeal additions. A one-and-one-half story kitchen and bedroom expansion has been added to the west wall of the log structure, and two one-story shed, bedroom additions are located on the south wall (Figures 4 and 5). A 1940s depiction of the house’s plan provided by the current owners shows an alternative location for the stairs, and oral history confirms the historic location of a fireplace on the east wall of the log structure (Figure 6). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662289/figure-8-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662293/figure-6-plan-of-anderson-house-in-the-based-on-the-oral"><img alt="Figure 6. Plan of Anderson House in the 1940s based on the 2016 oral history of Sonny Reed and a 2016 sketch of the house. Illustration by Pan Jiang. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662296/figure-7-anderson-barn-plan-with-dendroarchaeological-sample"><img alt="Figure 7. Anderson Barn plan with dendroarchaeological sample locations based on fieldwork completed in 2016. Refer to Table 3 for provenience of each sample. Illustration by Pan Jiang. A major goal of our research is to understand if regional farmers transformed an existing barn type to accommodate the beater press and its operations (for instance, the raised version of the English Barn), or if the form was an invention along with the press. As a potential “missing link,” Anderson’s barn is important to illustrating the barn type’s evolution because it has all the spatial forms and components of a Mormon Beater Hay Press Barn except for the timber bents and the space in between these bents that holds the press. To date, this is the only identified and documented example of this type of structure (Figures 7-11). A construction date established by tree-ring analysis allows this barn to be compared to other hay press barns by both form and time of construction. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662298/figure-11-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662301/figure-12-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662303/figure-13-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662305/figure-11-anderson-barn-interior-showing-timber-construction"><img alt="Figure 11. Anderson barn interior showing timber construction typical to hay press barns: stone foundation, horizontal sill with a shiplap connection, and a vertical post. Photo courtesy of Christopher Baas. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662311/figure-12-core-samples-were-obtained-using-drill-and-dry"><img alt="Figure 12. Core samples were obtained using a drill and dry wood boring bit. Photo courtesy of Christopher Baas. the samples’ tree-ring series are considered floating since individual rings were simply assigned years and not calendar dates. Assignment of calendar dates to individual rings was performed by crossdating the samples taken from a structure to regional tree-ring chronologies (series of accurately dated and measured tree rings compiled from studying living trees or other historically erected buildings). Crossdating is a method of pattern matching that utilizes the pattern of small and large rings in tree-ring series with known dates to samples of unknown age. Crossdating was performed using graphical methods (skeleton plots) and with a computer once each of the tree rings was measured to the nearest 0.01 mm (0.0004 in). A more detailed explanation of methodology (and pertinent references) can be found in Baas’ and Rubino’s (2012:42-47) successful dating of a Switzerland County barn and Community House No.2 in New Harmony (2013:13-20) previously published in Indiana Archaeology. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662314/figure-16-the-likely-construction-date-of-building-can-be"><img alt="The likely construction date of a building can be determined if numerous timbers from throughout a structure share a common (or comparable) death or harvest date. The outermost ring in a timber can be considered a tree’s death date if bark or wane is present, since the ring would have been the last formed growth increment prior to death. Wane is identified by a uniform, rounded outer timber surface that is free of any tool marks; it is simply the outermost ring that was adjacent to the bark. Bark is often stripped prior to construction or sloughs off over time or from handling during construction. Since the main goal of this investigation was to determine the construction date of the house and barn, sampling focused on timbers that either had a bark or wane edge. Additionally, sampling was performed throughout each of the buildings (i.e., cellar, main floor, etc.) so that original timbers and subsequent additions could be accurately identified and dated. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662319/figure-14-mean-annual-growth-of-ash-white-oak-and-black"><img alt="Figure 14. Mean annual growth of ash, white oak, and black walnut samples obtained from the Anderson barn and the Johnston house. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662321/figure-15-anderson-house-corner-notch-located-in-the-roof"><img alt="Figure 15. Anderson house corner V-notch located in the roof space over the porch of the original log structure. Photo courtesy of Christopher Baas. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662324/figure-16-anderson-house-stone-chinking-located-in-the-roof"><img alt="Figure 16. Anderson house stone chinking located in the roof space over the porch. Photo courtesy of Christopher Baas. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662330/figure-20-portion-of-the-east-village-and-mound-were"><img alt="portion of the East Village and Mound F were excavated. Eleven mounds (A-K) were identified, in addition to more than two kilometers of palisade walls extending around the site. There are two segments, an “outer” and an “inner” palisade, both of which include bastions (Black 1967; Krus et al. 2013). Houses were distributed within neighborhoods around the site, with the eastern village being the most populous (Peterson 2011). Radiometric dating, as compiled by Monaghan and Peebles (2010), suggests that the bases of the mounds were first constructed around A.D. 1100 and the site was abandoned by A.D. 1450. The East Village, the area of the site where the majority of the painted daub was found, had structures that date somewhat late in the site’s history with a mean range of A.D. 1281-1382 (Krus et al. 2013; Monaghan and Peebles 2010). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662339/figure-21-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662344/figure-22-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662353/figure-23-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662359/figure-5-piece-of-painted-daub-from-left-artifact"><img alt="Figure 5. A piece of painted daub from (left; Artifact association: W-10-D/17100) showing a similar motif to Angel Negative Painted Pottery (right) with the zig-zag, cross-in-circle, and line-filled triangle motifs. All artifacts curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and photographed by the author. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662364/figure-7-examples-of-painted-daub-where-negative-space-is"><img alt="Figure 7. Examples of painted daub where negative space is used as part of the design element. Artifacts curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and photographed by the author. (Artifact associations from left to right: W-10-D/16429, W-10-D/9015, W-10-D/16615). Figure 6. Painted daub with woven or layered designs from the East Village of the Angel Site (Artifact association: W-10- D/8680). Artifact curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and photographed by the author. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662370/figure-8-map-of-the-east-village-divisions-and-with-blocks"><img alt="Figure 8. Map of the East Village divisions W-10-C and W-10-D with blocks shaded yellow to indicate the areas where painted daub with circular motifs was recovered. Modified from maps curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology. myths and the four corners of the world, red, black, white, and blue also symbolize the four cardinal directions (Hall 1997; Hilgeman 2000). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662378/figure-9-examples-of-painted-daub-with-circular-motifs-in"><img alt="Figure 9. Examples of painted daub with circular motifs in black and grey, red and steel blue, as well as red and tan. Artifacts curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and photographed by the author. (Artifact associations from left to right: W-10-D/15415, W-10-D/16704, W-10-D/17100). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662385/figure-10-an-example-of-painted-daub-from-the-angel-site"><img alt="Figure 10. An example of painted daub from the Angel Site with a circular motif in black and steel blue with the original field specimen label and collection bag from 1946. Artifacts curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and photographed by the author. (Artifact association: W-10-D/15014). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662392/figure-29-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662399/figure-2-aerial-photograph-of-mound-following-the-removal-of"><img alt="Figure 2. Aerial photograph of Mound F following the removal of the secondary mound construction stage (Photo courtesy of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662402/figure-3-elemental-composition-of-copper-artifacts-from"><img alt="Figure 3. Elemental composition of copper artifacts from Albee (red) and Angel (blue). Two samples of copper (both housed in GBL collection) from secure archaeological contexts were analyzed using the XRF in order to provide an example of elements that should be present in native copper (Figure 3). A piece of copper from the Late Woodland (ca. A.D. 700-1200) Albee Mound (12Su1) and another from Angel were used. The sample from Albee is nearly pure copper—no other elemental spectra were visible. The sample from Angel is also primarily copper, with trace amounts of iron and calcium. This difference in the elemental composition of the two samples may be due to their particular source materials or due to the particulars of the soil geology at the different sites (1.e., the soils at Angel might have naturally occurring iron present). As noted earlier, archaeometric analyses of native copper have recorded trace amounts of lead; no lead is present in the Angel or Albee copper spectra. Zinc can be a trace element in copper, however, there is no zinc present in the spectra from the two archaeological copper samples. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662409/figure-32-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662411/figure-5-elemental-composition-of-burial-from-angel"><img alt="Figure 5. Elemental composition of Burial 23 from Angel. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662418/figure-6-elemental-composition-of-burial-from-angel"><img alt="Figure 6. Elemental composition of Burial 39 from Angel. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662420/figure-7-elemental-composition-of-burial-from-angel"><img alt="Figure 7. Elemental composition of Burial 45 from Angel. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662427/figure-1-overview-of-site-facing-northwest-photograph-by"><img alt="Figure 1. Overview of site 12P0340, facing northwest. Photograph by Mark Doperalski. The 2014 arc haeological investigation of site 12P0340 resulted in the identification of a very dense prehistoric period artifact scatter at this location. The artifact scatter was identified on a slight rise within an actively cultivated agricultural field (Figure 1). At the time of survey the site area exhibited remnant soybean detritus from the previous season that had been subsequently tilled under and subjected to a number of heavy precipitation events, allowing for conditions that presented 80 o 95 percent ground surface visibility. Due to the large size of the site area and high artifact density, survey along 10 meter (m) interval transects was conducted to establish an initial site boundary. Subsequently, survey along 5 m interval transects was conducted along the initial site boundary to refine and define the final site boundary presented herein. During the surface survey, collection of prehistoric-period artifacts was limited to those observed within ¢ one-half-meter wide swath along each 10 m interval transect due to the incredible density of the artifact scatter. A total of 463 prehistoric period artifacts were collected at the site during the surface survey. The collected artifacts represent approximately five percent of the total surface scatter. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662433/figure-2-chipped-stone-raw-material-type-by-percent-count"><img alt="Figure 2. Chipped stone raw material type by percent count and mass at 12P0340. Figure by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662446/figure-38-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662450/figure-3-projectile-points-identified-at-unclassified-point"><img alt="Figure 3. Projectile points identified at 12P0340: a) unclassified point, Wyandotte chert (PSF 9); b) c.f. Bakers Creek point, Burlington chert (PSF 22); and c) c.f. Bakers Creek point, Wyandotte chert (PSF 23). Photograph by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662457/figure-4-bladelets-identified-at-utilized-medial-blade"><img alt="Figure 4. Bladelets identified at 12P0340: a) utilized medial blade, Wyandotte chert (PSF432); b) utilized distal blade, Wyandotte chert (PSF 408); c) utilized medial blade, Wyandotte chert (PSF453); d) utilized proximal blade, Wyandotte chert (PSF 372); e) utilized medial blade, Flint Ridge chert (PSF 263); f) utilized medial blade, Burlington chert (PSF 314); g) utilized complete blade, Wyandotte chert (PSF 69). Photograph by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662462/figure-5-blade-cores-wyandotte-chert-and-burlington-chert"><img alt="Figure 5. Blade cores, Wyandotte chert and Burlington chert (PSF 250 & PSF 383) identified at 12P0340. Photograph by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662466/figure-6-ground-stone-tool-psf-identified-at-photograph-by"><img alt="Figure 6. Ground stone tool (PSF 2) identified at 12P0340. Photograph by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662475/figure-43-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662488/figure-8-ceramic-body-sherds-identified-at-plain-smoothed"><img alt="Figure 8. Ceramic body sherds identified at 12P0340: a) plain, smoothed-over surface treatment with grog, limestone-I and sand temper (PSF 331); b) cord-marked surface treatment with grog, limestone-o, and sand temper (PSF 134). Photograph by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662495/figure-1-sometimes-the-lives-of-the-everyday-people-can-be"><img alt="Sometimes the lives of the everyday people can be erased in addition to being ignored. This seems to be the case at one city corner in South Bend, Indiana. During archaeological excavation conducted by IU South Bend in the summer of 2015 at site 12-Sj-0497 (see Figure 1). it was found that buildings in an entire block were razed in a very short window of time (Finnigan and VanderVeen 2016). In the attempt to flatten part of a neighborhood, the contributions of the businesses that occupied it were at risk of being lost forever. Without their buildings, and the potential for the resulting loss of artifacts, these people who were not as distinguished in the business and civic fields were all but removed from the archaeological record. Little evidence existed of the supporting businesses and business people that made up the representative sample of a city. This article investigates the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses that the missing neighborhood housed, supported by extensive archival research and recovered artifacts. As it turns out, a German immigrant and his friend established one of the area’s largest, and longest-running grocery stores that would prope! both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests forming a vibrant if short-lived neighborhood. The West Washington neighborhood was one of gaslights and trolley cars, nouveau-rich, and the fruits of American industrial expansion in the early 1900s. The mansions and extant structures in the district are recognized on the National Register of Historic Places. Contributions from the wealthy helped build opera houses and churches, but it was the corner businessmen that formed the heart and soul of South Bend. Figure 1. Detail of South Bend West, Ind. 1:24000 topographic map, showing Section 11. Site 12-Sj-0497, highlighted here with a triangle, is on the northwest corner of La Porte Ave and West Washington Street (not labeled). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662505/figure-46-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662510/figure-3-the-oliver-family-house-called-copshaholm"><img alt="Figure 3. The Oliver family house, called ““Copshaholm.” (Photograph by author VanderVeen.) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662518/figure-4-details-of-fire-insurance-maps-sanborn-map-and"><img alt="Figure 4. Details of fire insurance maps (Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1875-1949) showing the property at the corner of LaPorte and Washington in 1891 (above) and 1917 (below). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662524/figure-49-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662539/figure-50-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662549/figure-5-detail-from-drawing-of-metal-ring-and-chain-link"><img alt="Figure 5. Detail from a drawing of metal ring and chain link from Unit D, approximately 120-130 cm below surface. The ring ends in a threaded rod and nut (too corroded to photograph well) and any remaining chain links were absent. (Drawing by author VanderVeen.) This story cannot be verified, but it seems that Frank Baker, and to a greater degree, Solomon Fox, had an expansive and powerful network of business associates. Later ventures indicate that Fox had acquired an admirable reputation, and he was considered quite trustworthy. Archaeological evidence of the safe is inconclusive, but a large D-shaped handle was found with a heavy bolt protruding from the bottom of it (Figure 5). A large nut was screwed onto the distal aspect of the bolt, and if it had been tightened with the bolt running through something, it would nave left a large amount of space for a thick timber or support beam. A small section of chain with incredibly thick links was attached to the D-ring, suggesting something very large and valuable was chained and bolted to something else quite substantive. This D-ring was found where the back left corner of the store would have been, very near an area where we found direct svidence of an incinerator that was well-used. In fact, the incinerator may be related to the adjacent smokehouse, tying the many uses of buildings on the block together. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662560/figure-52-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662568/figure-7-tin-spoon-excavated-from-unit-cm-below-surface"><img alt="Figure 7. Tin spoon excavated from Unit G, 20-30 cm below surface. (Photograph by author VanderVeen.) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662581/figure-1-newton-county-within-the-state-of-indiana-based-on"><img alt="Figure 1. Newton County within the state of Indiana (based on Yellowmap World Atlas 2015). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662594/figure-2-chert-outcrop-locations-in-indiana-digitized-by"><img alt="Figure 2. Chert outcrop locations in Indiana (Digitized by Brad Painter from Cantin 2008). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662608/table-1-the-field-survey-recovered-prehistoric-artifacts"><img alt="The field survey recovered 55 prehistoric artifacts (1/16.4 acres) and 1,274 historic ar (1/0.71 acres; see Table 1 and Figure 3 - Figure 10). The majority of prehistoric artifac debitage functioned as expedient tools. Two of the seven formal lithic tools were ifacts Ss consist of lithic debitage. The edge modification of approximately 20 flakes indicates that those pieces projectile points dating to the Late Archaic period (Justice 2006:115-116, 119-121) (Tab e 1). Additionally, a blade-like flake may represent Middle Woodland period activity (Greber et al. 1981; Montet-White 1968). Other stone tools consisted of three expedient groundstone OO s, and flake tools. Historic artifacts included various types of ceramics, various colors and types of glass, metal objects, and brick fragments. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662618/figure-4-matanzas-side-notched-diagnostic-point-from-photo"><img alt="Figure 4. A Matanzas Side-Notched diagnostic point from 12-N-284 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662627/figure-5-an-unidentified-point-from-site-photo-by-felicia"><img alt="Figure 5. An unidentified point from site 12-N-273 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662632/figure-6-representative-historic-glass-artifacts-from-survey"><img alt="Figure 6. Representative historic glass artifacts from Survey Area 5 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662636/figure-60-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662647/figure-61-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662651/figure-62-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662658/figure-10-metal-cat-urine-recovered-from-in-survey-area"><img alt="Figure 10. Metal cat figurine recovered from 12-N-93 in Survey Area 5 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662660/figure-11-ceramics-from-the-carlson-collection-newton-county"><img alt="Figure 11. Ceramics from the Carlson Collection, Newton County Library, Morocco, Indiana (Photo by Erin A. Steinwachs, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662665/figure-1-jasper-county-has-an-area-of-acres-hectares"><img alt="Jasper County (Figure 1) has an area of 359,321 acres (145,412 hectares) (Smallwood and Osterholz 1990:1). For the proposed research, we targeted areas surrounding the Iroquois River in the southern half of the county, as well as locations that were noted in IPFW-AS’s FY2013 HPF Grant report (Smith and Sanchez 2013) to include historical churches or schoolhouses. Due to the lack of landowner permissions we did not survey any land parcels that included or were adjacent to churches or historic school houses in Jasper County. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662669/figure-2-indiana-chert-outcrop-locations-digitized-by-brad"><img alt="Figure 2. Indiana chert outcrop locations (Digitized by Brad Painter from Cantin 2008). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662676/figure-3-late-woodland-triangular-cluster-point-from-site-js"><img alt="Figure 3. Late Woodland Triangular Cluster point from site 12Js297 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662689/figure-5-part-of-raddatz-side-notched-point-diagnostic-from"><img alt="Figure 5. Part of a Raddatz Side Notched point diagnostic from site 12Js340 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662692/figure-4-part-of-jack-reef-pentagonal-point-diagnostic-from"><img alt="Figure 4. Part of a Jack's Reef Pentagonal point diagnostic from site 12Js340 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662695/figure-6-late-archaic-brewerton-side-notched-point-from-site"><img alt="Figure 6. Late Archaic Brewerton Side Notched point from site 12Js286 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662699/figure-71-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662704/figure-72-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662708/figure-9-portion-of-the-private-collection-documented-prior"><img alt="Figure 9. A portion of the private collection documented prior to examination. The collector was very interested in our survey and shared with us what information he could remember regarding the “best hunting grounds,” which undoubtedly correspond to archaeological sites. He had good recollection of s except for a few cases, did not recall which artifacts pecific areas where he had collected, but were collected from which locations. The collection areas (parcels) were identified and documented during the visit using three separate media (see Macleod et al. 2015:Appendix H). O her cultural resources were documented verbally. The notes of this meeting documented approximate site locations using landmarks and maps as well as artifacts and features associated with hose sites. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662714/figure-10-sample-of-the-prehistoric-ceramics-from-the"><img alt="Figure 10. A sample of the prehistoric ceramics from the private collection. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662724/figure-1-contained-in-the-site-records-is-therefore-of"><img alt="contained in the site records is therefore of variable reliability in regard to temporal associations based on projectile point and pottery styles, although most of these identifications were made by professional archaeologists after viewing private collections. For the purposes of this study, temporal affiliations listed in the SHAARD database were taken at face value, except where inconsistencies (e.g., data transcription errors) appeared. Figure 1. Location map of the Big Bend study area. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662733/figure-2-satellite-views-of-the-ohio-river-down-stream-from"><img alt="Figure 2. Satellite views of the Ohio River down-stream from Evansville, Indiana, captured by NASA’s Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper, reproduced under allowable fair use described in the copyright terms of The Watchers (2016). Typical conditions on April 14, 2010 (top), and during flooding on May 3, 2011 (bottom). The Big Bend stretch of the Ohio River valley has characteristics intermediate between hose of flat and convex floodplains. Specifically, it lacks cut-off meanders and oxbow lakes ypical of convex floodplains. Also, the valley profile in this area is not convex. However, the floodplain does contain gathering streams and, to some extent, Bayou Creek flows as a yazoo- ype stream parallel to the main axis of the valley. Also, while not particularly prominent, natural evees are present, as are long, narrow sloughs that serve as backswamps. Like flat floodplains, he entire valley bottom periodically receives deposits of flood-borne silts. This happened in April and May of 2011 when the Big Bend was completely inundated (Figure 2). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662736/figure-3-the-pattern-of-reported-sites-in-the-big-bend"><img alt="The pattern of reported sites in the Big Bend demonstrates that this surface was habitable during the Paleoindian Period (Figure 3). One of these sites produced a Clovis point; anothet reportedly produced an “unfluted Clovis” point base. Site 12Vg50 reportedly produced “Planc blades.” All of these sites are multicomponent, even site 12Vg289 where side-notched points anc a grooved axe were found, although the site form does not assign a cultural affiliation to these other items. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_077.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662740/figure-4-reported-early-archaic-and-middle-archaic-sites-in"><img alt="Reported Early Archaic and Middle Archaic sites in the Big Bend are restricted to the two terraces, with the exception of two anomalous sites reported to the south (Figure 4). Site 12Vg407 reportedly contains an Early Archaic component based on the presence of “serrated points.” Site 12Vg122 reportedly produced Early and Middle Archaic points of unspecified stylistic type. Both sites contain multiple later components, so it is entirely possible that later point types were mistaken for earlier ones. Given the characteristics of the floodplain ridges where these sites were reported, it seems unlikely that the sites are located on landforms that were once islands in the Ohio River paleochannel. The presence of Early and Middle Archaic components at these two sites needs to be confirmed, but that may not be possible since both reports are based on private collections that were examined at least 30 years ago and the current disposition of which are unknown. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_078.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662755/figure-79-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="Indiana Archaeology 12(2) 2017 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_079.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662763/figure-9-located-riverward-of-that-line-and-only-younger"><img alt="located riverward of that line and only younger sites (Late Woodland or Mississippian) should be found in a riverward position. This indeed appears to be the case (Figures 7 and 8). Locally, the Mississippian Period began around A.D. 1000, and another isochrone can be traced to depict that date (Figure 9). The section riverward of that line marks an area in which no prehistoric sites of Late Woodland age or older should be located (Figure 8). This is again supported by previously reported site data and our survey results. Soil data from our auger cores in this area also exhibited more sandy and stratified sediments, which is typical of very Late Holocene/Historic alluvium (Stafford 2004). Sere GOS DS tees SS eMee se RSS Sis Sees a a i SSS Sara CARS A complicating factor in the construction of isochrones is related to the development of mid-stream islands on the Ohio River channel. Because islands could have been habitable for hundreds of years before they became welded to much younger point bar formations, theit presence has the potential to create disjunctions in the reconstruction of channel shift rates. For the purposes of the land-use predictions presented here, the geomorphological context of any anomalously older prehistoric sites must be closely examined to determine if the setting is part of a former mid-channel island. Some auger core results from the central floodplain ridges show that soil horizon development was variable among floodplain ridges. More advanced soil horizonation may be an indicator for the presence of welded islands. There are also three reported sites with anomalous Archaic components, and the artifacts from these sites need to be " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_080.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662770/figure-7-indiana-archaeology-reported-middle-woodland-site"><img alt="Indiana Archaeology 12(2) 2017 Figure 7. Reported Middle Woodland site components (squares), edges of the High and Low Terraces, an isochrones in the Big Bend Study Area. [Editors’ note: Site location information is not shown in this figure i the public version of this electronic document. Qualified professional archaeologists may contact the DHP/ for access to this information for professional research purposes. ] " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_081.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662788/figure-82-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_082.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662798/figure-83-summary-in-general-the-rate-of-channel-migration"><img alt="Summary In general, the rate of channel migration in the Big Bend appears to have been fairly constant from Late Archaic times through the beginning of the historic period. The Ohio River channel migrated south toward Kentucky, reworking valley bottom sediments and destroying any prehistoric sites that might have been present on the south side of the river. The unidirectional channel shift created new land in its wake. That landscape became inhabited prehistorically and the patterning of dated sites confirms the ages of various sections of the ridge-and-swale topography in the Big Bend. jes ef iz es pe tag " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_083.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662812/table-1-timber-types-analyzed-from-the-johnston-house-and"><img alt="Table 1. Timber types analyzed from the Johnston house and Anderson barn. More than one species of tree may be called by a single timber type because identification to the species level is not always possible for various timber types. A species is considered possible and is listed below if its natural distribution occurs in Switzerland County, Indiana. Species distributions are based on Jackson (2004); taxonomy and nomenclature follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991). Table 2. Chronologies (series of measured and dated tree rings) created from dendroarchaeological samples collected from the Johnston house and Anderson barn. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662825/table-2-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662836/table-3-series-data-for-each-of-the-samples-dated-from-the"><img alt="Table 3. Series data for each of the samples dated from the Anderson barn and Johnston house. “First” and “Jast’’ refer to the first and last years measured or present in a series. “Outer” refers to the outermost ring present in a sample; ‘“w” indicates the presence of wane, “‘b’’ indicates bark, “‘s’’ indicates several years of sapwood are present but bark and/or wane is absent thus the outermost date is near the death date of the tree, and “‘v’’ indicates the outermost ring is very near to the outermost ring present in the sample based on observations in the field (outer ring destroyed by sampling, beetle damage, etc.). See text for an explanation regarding the identification code of individual series obtained from a provenience. See Figures 5 and 7 for provenience location. All samples have been archived in the Hanover College botanical collection. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662847/table-4-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662859/table-4-series-and-segment-year-segments-overlapping-by"><img alt="Table 4. Series and segment (50-year segments overlapping by 25 years) correlation analysis and mean and standard deviation (mm) of each dated series from the Johnston house and Anderson barn. In each column headed by a set of dates the correlation coefficient found by correlating each of the series’ segments against all other series of that timber type is given. A correlation coefficient greater than 0.33 indicates a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01). “Series r-value” is the correlation coefficient obtained by correlating each individual series (in its entirety) against all other series for a particular timber type. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662867/table-6-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662879/table-5-correlation-results-of-year-segments-overlapping-by"><img alt="Table 5. Correlation results of 50-year segments (overlapping by 25 years) for the composite ash chronology compared to regional ash chronologies. Correlations are significant (P < 0.01) if the correlation coefficients are greater than 0.33. Parenthetical dates below each of the chronologies are the start and stop date of that chronology. The Thiebaud barn is a hay press barn located approximately 3 miles east of the Anderson farmstead. Table 6. Correlation results of 50-year segments (overlapping by 25 years) for the composite white oak chronology compared to regional white oak chronologies. Correlations are significant (P < 0.01) if the correlation coefficients are greater than 0.33. Parenthetical dates below each of the chronologies are the start and stop date of that chronology. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662888/table-7-correlation-results-of-year-segments-overlapping-by"><img alt="Table 7. Correlation results of 50-year segments (overlapping by 25 years) for the composite black walnut chronology compared to various regional chronologies. Correlations are significant (P < 0.01) if the correlation coefficients are greater than 0.33. Parenthetical dates below each of the chronologies are the start and stop date of that chronology. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662902/table-9-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662911/table-10-within-the-last-decade-the-development-of-porx-ray"><img alt="Within the last decade, the development of portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers has provided archaeologists with the means to bring elemental analysis to non- transportable or difficult-to-study archaeological materials (e.g., Shugar and Mass 2012; Tantrakarn et al. 2009:121). The XRF analyzer emits X-ray radiation, which excites the constituent elements in samples, producing fluorescent radiation. The reflection of the fluorescent energy is recorded. This non-destructive, handheld device has allowed for the in situ elemental analysis of materials found during excavations and has aided in the assessment of material culture (Bardelli et al. 2011:3148; Gersch et al. 1998:85; Yekutieli et al. 2005:3). Analyzing the physical properties and chemical composition of artifacts has allowed archaeologists to assign objects to particular contexts, provenances, and_ technological manufacturing categories (Mantler and Schreiner 2000:3; Schreiner et al. 2004:1). This technology has also been brought to bear on questions of possible contamination of older collections with preservatives such as arsenic (Odegaard et al. 2005; Robbins 2014; Shugar and Sirois 2012), especially for collections that may be repatriated to federally recognized tribes. The XRF instrument used in this analysis was a Bruker Elemental Tracer IV, owned by the Indiana TInivercatyu Office af NAGPRA and hoiced at the GRIT The camnlec received no " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662919/table-1-artifact-assemblage-by-type-and-count-at-by-mark"><img alt="Table 1. Artifact assemblage by type and count at 12P0340. Table by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662928/table-2-chipped-stone-raw-material-representation-by-count"><img alt="Table 2. Chipped stone raw material representation by count and mass at 12P0340. Table by Mark Doperalski. The artifact assemblage indicates a heavy reliance on local raw materials at the site. The geologic distribution of Wyandotte chert appears to be limited to Harrison and Crawford counties, Indiana and Meade, Breckinridge, and Hardin counties, Kentucky (Cantin 2008:71). Wyandotte chert can be obtained in tabular form at exposed outcrops and in nodular form at numerous stream beds and residual exposures within these counties as well as in Ohio River gravel bars. Holland Dark-Phase chert has been identified just east of Evansville at outcrops in Dubois and Spencer counties, Indiana (Cantin 2008:35-37). Muldraugh chert is geologically distributed along the Ohio River in Harrison County, Indiana (Cantin 2008:56-57). MRA wennnwnnn ~£f T1wnt+ DIA RR Ab net need Doaselien wtnn nh net NDanwmnrwunntuentan nnnwnnntinnn tr nthnuw " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662933/table-3-cores-identified-at-by-raw-material-type-by-mark"><img alt="Table 3. Cores identified at 12P0340 by raw material type. Table by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662943/table-14-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662950/table-5-presence-of-shatter-by-raw-material-type-at-by-mark"><img alt="Table 5. Presence of shatter by raw material type at 12P0340. Table by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662960/table-6-ceramic-artifact-assemblage-by-morphology-surface"><img alt="Table 6. Ceramic artifact assemblage by morphology, surface treatment and temper at 12P0340. Table by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662967/table-17-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662977/table-1-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="Table 1. Artifacts Recovered. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662987/table-2-chert-raw-materials"><img alt="Table 2. Chert Raw Materials. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662996/table-3-site-components-recorded-as-result-of-survey"><img alt="Table 3. Site Components Recorded as a Result of Survey. Prehistoric Sites. The frequency of sites with prehistoric components encountered in the project area as a result of survey was not similar to what had already been identified in Newton County. The only similarity that could be identified was the frequency of which prehistoric sites are recorded as unidentified prehistoric components. Of the diagnostic prehistoric components, only Late Archaic diagnostic materials (12-N-75, and 284) were encountered and recorded. This " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663012/table-4-distribution-of-base-types-and-chert-types-for-the"><img alt="Table 4: Distribution of Base Types and Chert Types for the Carlson Collection from the Newton County Public Library. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663022/table-5-number-of-site-components-added-precontact"><img alt="Table 5. Number of Site Components Added. Precontact settlement within Newton County is only very sparsely known with only 27 (15.5%) sites identified to a period of occupation (Table 5). Late Archaic (N = 9) and Late Woodland (N = 8) occupations are the most well represented. Very little information has been recovered for the Early and Middle Archaic, Early and Middle Woodland, and Paleoindian periods. After our survey, the same biasing factors noted above still apply, but we are left with an intriguing absence of sites distinct from most other similar surveys conducted by AAL (Macleod and Donovan 2014; Macleod et al. 2015; Miller et al. 2012; Murray et al. 2011). Likely factors include chance with the distribution of permissions, and the nature of the wetlands environment. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663038/table-6-projectile-point-site-numbers-and-cultural-periods"><img alt="Table 6. Projectile Point Site Numbers and Cultural Periods Per Landform. Table 7. Site Densities and Distributions By Landform. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663047/table-8-number-of-artifacts-per-landform"><img alt="Table 8. Number of Artifacts per Landform. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663061/table-25-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663073/table-9-survey-area-mean-dates-for-historic-artifacts"><img alt="Table 9. Survey Area Mean Dates for Historic Artifacts. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663087/table-1-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="Table 1. Artifacts Recovered. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663102/table-2-distribution-of-artifact-classes-within-the-general"><img alt="Table 2. Distribution of Artifact Classes within the General Collection. The preponderance of side notched points in the private collection compared to only one Middle Archaic site in SHAARD, in addition to the large number of stemmed points to the only three previously documented Early Woodland sites are both surprising findings. The proportion of side notched points is, however, roughly consistent with the results of our survey which documented one Middle Archaic site, accounting for 25% of the diagnostic prehistoric materials. These numbers, while important, should be viewed cautiously as there are a relatively low number of documented diagnostic prehistoric sites in Jasper County and as a result of this survey. This means that only coarse comparisons based on these samples is warranted. Potential collection bias is another reason for caution in comparing results; however, the results should at the very least stimulate interesting and provocative research questions in years to come. What we can clearly state unequivocally is that the “official” archaeological record is possibly a poor representative of the actual history of occupation in the county. In addition to the coarse classification, several other materials were documented, including what appeared to be additional drills, as well as possible burins, awls, prehistoric ceramics, and one historic gunflint. 2) a a: ee: a i ie a a i a: | i. ey eS en, | " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663113/table-3-site-components-recorded-as-result-of-survey"><img alt="Table 3. Site Components Recorded as a Result of Survey. Hypsithermal. The distribution of Middle Archaic sites and activity areas could help in reconstructing the Mid-Holocene fluctuations in the extent and structure of the hydric conditions. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663122/table-4-cultural-components-added-as-result-of-this-survey"><img alt="Table 4. Cultural Components Added as a Result of this Survey. Thirteen of the sites added were multicomponent sites. The multicomponent sites all had both Historic and Unidentified Prehistoric components. One of the multicomponent sites contained both Middle Archaic and Late Woodland components, and one other multicomponent site contained an additional Late Woodland component. All projectile point types recovered in this survey have been previously documented in Jasper County. This project has added considerably to the cultural chronology of the county. Fifty-nine Unidentified Prehistoric components were added along with two Archaic components (Middle Archaic and Late Archaic), two Woodland components (Late Woodland), and sixty-five Historic components (Table 4). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663135/table-8-all-of-the-sites-in-this-survey-were-discovered-on"><img alt="All of the sites in this survey were discovered on loamy texture soils. The majority of these (70.54%) were on loams soil complexes (Table 8). For this reason soil texture for these areas could not be precisely determined; however, the high degree of fine-scale variability in sediment may have a behaviorally meaningful implication. Overall poorly drained soils predominate at locations of the sites identified (Table 9). This is in keeping with the marshy nature of the county prehistorically and is also reflective of the predominant soil types in the survey areas. Due to the propensity for poorly drained soils in the area, the majority of surveyed soils were poorly drained. For this reason, identified sites may be skewed towards poorly drained soils as opposed to better draining soils regardless of preference. Table 6. Site Densities and Distributions By Landform. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663148/table-9-drainage-classes-of-site-soils"><img alt="Table 9. Drainage Classes of Site Soils. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663161/table-33-historic-settlement-patterns"><img alt="Historic Settlement Patterns " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663174/table-1-reported-cultural-affiliations-for-big-bend"><img alt="Table 1. Reported Cultural Affiliations for Big Bend Prehistoric Sites. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663185/table-35-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663200/table-36-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_036.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-35496068-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="00691f4ca1fe056929175dead33e9d20" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55359237,"asset_id":35496068,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55359237/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35496068"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35496068"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35496068; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35496068]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35496068]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35496068; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35496068']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "00691f4ca1fe056929175dead33e9d20" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35496068]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35496068,"title":"A Misplaced Neighborhood: Investigating the People and Structures Missing From the West Washington District, South Bend, Indiana.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"2","volume":"12","abstract":"Sometimes, archaeology illuminates the history of “big men.” This article narrates the history through archaeological investigation of one city corner in South Bend, Indiana, and the contribution of the businesses that occupied it in the city’s most formative years. Manufacturing successes within South Bend such as the Oliver Plow Works, and Studebaker, are well known and researched. What is less well known are the supporting businesses and people that made up the representative sample of this influential city. This article sheds light on the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses it housed, supported by extensive archival research, and recovered artifacts. A humble tinsmith became the proprietor of the area’s largest hardware and lumberyards. A German immigrant and his friend established one of the area’s largest and longest-running grocery stores that would propel both families into more prosperous circles. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-35496068-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37321705"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321705/Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through_a_Technology_Enabled_Active_Learning_Anthropology_Curriculum"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278899/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321705/Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through_a_Technology_Enabled_Active_Learning_Anthropology_Curriculum">Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Promoting Global Literacy Skills through Technology-Infused Teaching and Learning</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and unive...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and university educators face daunting tasks to help their students develop competencies with both human and machine attributes of the modern world. This chapter presents the historical foundations, the pedagogical theoretical underpinnings, and illustrative examples from the implementation of a curriculum of technology-enabled active learning within the undergraduate anthropology program at a moderately sized, commuter campus in the Midwestern United States. Technology-enabled active learning has demonstrably improved the experience of undergraduate students who enroll in anthropology classes as majors, minors, or general education students by affording them new abilities, including the recognition of global information resources, the contextualization of their education in spatiotemporal terms, the development of an understanding of sociocultural and politico-economic connective webs, and the skilled capacity to productively create and critically analyze information with a peer cohort through networked information technologies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="978e47c99e5e1ed4a514e34e989e553f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57278899,"asset_id":37321705,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278899/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37321705"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37321705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37321705]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37321705]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321705; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37321705']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "978e47c99e5e1ed4a514e34e989e553f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37321705]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37321705,"title":"Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-6347-3.ch002","abstract":"The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and university educators face daunting tasks to help their students develop competencies with both human and machine attributes of the modern world. This chapter presents the historical foundations, the pedagogical theoretical underpinnings, and illustrative examples from the implementation of a curriculum of technology-enabled active learning within the undergraduate anthropology program at a moderately sized, commuter campus in the Midwestern United States. Technology-enabled active learning has demonstrably improved the experience of undergraduate students who enroll in anthropology classes as majors, minors, or general education students by affording them new abilities, including the recognition of global information resources, the contextualization of their education in spatiotemporal terms, the development of an understanding of sociocultural and politico-economic connective webs, and the skilled capacity to productively create and critically analyze information with a peer cohort through networked information technologies.","page_numbers":"23-45","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Promoting Global Literacy Skills through Technology-Infused Teaching and Learning"},"translated_abstract":"The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and university educators face daunting tasks to help their students develop competencies with both human and machine attributes of the modern world. This chapter presents the historical foundations, the pedagogical theoretical underpinnings, and illustrative examples from the implementation of a curriculum of technology-enabled active learning within the undergraduate anthropology program at a moderately sized, commuter campus in the Midwestern United States. Technology-enabled active learning has demonstrably improved the experience of undergraduate students who enroll in anthropology classes as majors, minors, or general education students by affording them new abilities, including the recognition of global information resources, the contextualization of their education in spatiotemporal terms, the development of an understanding of sociocultural and politico-economic connective webs, and the skilled capacity to productively create and critically analyze information with a peer cohort through networked information technologies.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37321705/Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through_a_Technology_Enabled_Active_Learning_Anthropology_Curriculum","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-08-31T07:31:45.699-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":31841243,"work_id":37321705,"tagging_user_id":10183,"tagged_user_id":2754708,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***s@iusb.edu","affiliation":"Indiana University South Bend","display_order":1,"name":"Josh Wells","title":"Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57278899,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278899/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Wells_and_VanderVeen_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278899/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57278899/Wells_and_VanderVeen_2015-libre.pdf?1535726578=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDeveloping_Global_Sensibilities_through.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=e1JoMR3kjYhJnuIaoD8LXRBFCVppnJMykPoocqCtIsU4o6EL3Bi26KRwaD-AULDeFTdhRwwPvH07q163HmsNlL4eKBJ6qYSZ7M-vgHOhD2EwCtz9cRRLXXFqOPRkDHARitd5IN3WP7NnhF2AHskeC8dMNBCyqSNfTYXQlrPTMuE9oBC7Gjez6Gsnz9WrMSbKmIH0phxpMDhx3Q-7LHyPXLJNWY-4W~zJEVDyXuKapb2MaqEwK1Bt3fZYPQbll1jUnK2fMBWQASxYIvaO1bOXgOf44evTCEpR44059E5P7Us4tAg~KNAMxdKGUf2-q50erkEY3kLXvPvCAL3P6ueaIA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through_a_Technology_Enabled_Active_Learning_Anthropology_Curriculum","translated_slug":"","page_count":36,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and university educators face daunting tasks to help their students develop competencies with both human and machine attributes of the modern world. This chapter presents the historical foundations, the pedagogical theoretical underpinnings, and illustrative examples from the implementation of a curriculum of technology-enabled active learning within the undergraduate anthropology program at a moderately sized, commuter campus in the Midwestern United States. Technology-enabled active learning has demonstrably improved the experience of undergraduate students who enroll in anthropology classes as majors, minors, or general education students by affording them new abilities, including the recognition of global information resources, the contextualization of their education in spatiotemporal terms, the development of an understanding of sociocultural and politico-economic connective webs, and the skilled capacity to productively create and critically analyze information with a peer cohort through networked information technologies.","owner":{"id":10183,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"VanderVeen","page_name":"JayVanderVeen","domain_name":"iusb","created_at":"2008-10-23T10:17:47.235-07:00","display_name":"James M VanderVeen","url":"https://iusb.academia.edu/JayVanderVeen"},"attachments":[{"id":57278899,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278899/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Wells_and_VanderVeen_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278899/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57278899/Wells_and_VanderVeen_2015-libre.pdf?1535726578=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDeveloping_Global_Sensibilities_through.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=e1JoMR3kjYhJnuIaoD8LXRBFCVppnJMykPoocqCtIsU4o6EL3Bi26KRwaD-AULDeFTdhRwwPvH07q163HmsNlL4eKBJ6qYSZ7M-vgHOhD2EwCtz9cRRLXXFqOPRkDHARitd5IN3WP7NnhF2AHskeC8dMNBCyqSNfTYXQlrPTMuE9oBC7Gjez6Gsnz9WrMSbKmIH0phxpMDhx3Q-7LHyPXLJNWY-4W~zJEVDyXuKapb2MaqEwK1Bt3fZYPQbll1jUnK2fMBWQASxYIvaO1bOXgOf44evTCEpR44059E5P7Us4tAg~KNAMxdKGUf2-q50erkEY3kLXvPvCAL3P6ueaIA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1003,"name":"Educational Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Technology"},{"id":1014,"name":"Scholarship of Teaching and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scholarship_of_Teaching_and_Learning"},{"id":4803,"name":"Active Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_Learning"},{"id":1371802,"name":"Anthropology of Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Higher_Education"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-37321705-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37321499"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321499/CONTROL_OF_THEIR_BODIES_CONTROL_OF_THEIR_VOTES_PINS_AND_PROPHYLACTICS_TELL_THE_SUFFRAGETTE_STORY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of CONTROL OF THEIR BODIES, CONTROL OF THEIR VOTES: PINS AND PROPHYLACTICS TELL THE SUFFRAGETTE STORY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278712/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321499/CONTROL_OF_THEIR_BODIES_CONTROL_OF_THEIR_VOTES_PINS_AND_PROPHYLACTICS_TELL_THE_SUFFRAGETTE_STORY">CONTROL OF THEIR BODIES, CONTROL OF THEIR VOTES: PINS AND PROPHYLACTICS TELL THE SUFFRAGETTE STORY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iusb.academia.edu/JayVanderVeen">James M VanderVeen</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://american.academia.edu/RebeccaGibson">Rebecca Gibson</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indiana Archaeology</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The study of material culture regularly provides insight into the lives of working-class and ethn...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The study of material culture regularly provides insight into the lives of working-class and ethnically diverse people, groups for whom documentary information is often found lacking. The objects found in their places of work or near the households in which they lived can help illuminate their daily concerns and affairs. These are topics not regularly discussed in the historical record and, as such, are explored through historical archaeology instead. Likewise, there are important issues taking place both within the home and in wider society that are not openly addressed in newspapers, novels, or governmental records. For instance, because they are seen as taboo, sexual relations are often kept under cover. Yet, the interpretation of specific classes of artifacts related to marital (and extramarital) practices can provide a possible reconstruction of the social lives of those that used them. The political dynamics of an era also influences the ways in which members of all gender present themselves (and are represented) in the public sphere.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-37321499-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-37321499-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521512/figure-1-leaving-only-duplex-on-the-lot-david-bainbridge"><img alt="leaving only duplex on the lot. David Bainbridge, Senior Curator for the Center for History indicates that the Oliver family decided to clear the property completely in the 1930s (persona communication, 2010). Maps from 1949 on support this information, showing the lot as vacant Further, although the soil in the excavation units did not show a clear stratigraphy, it was eviden' that the site had not been significantly disturbed since being backfilled. Therefore, the artifacts, with few exceptions, were most likely used and ultimately deposited before the end of the 1930s. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521519/figure-2-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521525/figure-3-illustration-of-unsafe-hatpins-san-francisco-call"><img alt="Figure 3. Illustration of “unsafe” hatpins (San Francisco Call, 15 January 1904). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521530/figure-4-two-views-of-hatpin-found-in-excavation-unit-at-the"><img alt="Figure 4. Two views of hatpin found in excavation unit at the site (photos by Rebecca Gibson). Figure 4. Two views of hatpin found in excavation unit at the site (photos by Rebecca Gibson). What interested us first about As mentioned earlier, the two that su was white or clear. If so, the three co the hatpin are the two paste jewels and the space for a third. rvived are green and violet. The authors posit that the third ors together symbolize the English suffragists, specifically the Women’s Social and Political Union. This union, and the women who spoke for it, were committed to active participation in t their symbol in 1908 because, “purp every suffragette .. . white stands fo he fight for women’s rights and adopted the three colors as e... stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of r purity in private and public life . . . green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring” (Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, quoted in the Museum of Edinburgh V otes for Women Exhibition 2009). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521535/figure-5-ma-began-far-bef-was-soon-to-fal-in-ma-sen-uni-wins"><img alt="ma began far bef was soon to Fal in ma. Sen Uni Wins their “‘specia freedom f 897, bot Holton 1994). Women i eca. Eve ntually, America passed ted Kingdom passed the Represen h countries organized themselves withi ny delegates at Seneca Falls wou movement ( ton Churchill famously said that England and America mu relationship,” a sort of agreeme rom socialist and communist tyranny, and nufacturing (Churchill 1946). Although he did not ore that time, and where one country w follow. The same was very much true re s Convention in 1848, and the Bri ish National U d go on to be nt that both countries stood for say these words until ent in politics, trade, o garding suffrage. With friend, and assist, the n several states in America already the 19th amendment to its constitution in 1920, while the tation of the People Actin 1928. tually benefited from Western democracy, that both countries shared ideas on trade and 946, the relationship r expansion, the other the American Seneca nion of Women’s Suffrage Societies formed n mere decades of each other. Additionally, eaders of the British had the vote, before r ey eat " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521548/figure-6-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521558/figure-7-the-merry-widow-brand-however-was-one-of-the-more"><img alt="The Merry Widow brand, however, was one of the more popular versions of condoms during early 1900s (Collier 2007). The brand was known for its u colored, coin-shaped ti tucked inside waxy w 1930s and widely avai were sold by barbers, (Collier 2007). Trojan n with three condoms made first of rubber ceme rappings. The brand was produced from before ilable. Cheaper than Trojans, a competing bran bartenders, shoeshine boys, gas station attendan niqu S were specifically marketed to pharmacists ru like the one at the si available there as well. _r 1 | 1 1 ae fal te, but Merry Widows, labeled as disease preven nnin e pac nd later dd War I to the mid- ins of Merry Widows kaging: a gold of liquid latex nd even door-to-door g com tives, er drug stores, were probably r The of the demo tin was not found on the drug store portion of the plot, rather it was in the foundation ished duplex. Excavated from Unit C, nearest to the street, the package could have been used by the inhabitants of the building or pushed into the foundation from nearby as backfill. It was from one of the lowest levels, 90 cm below surface, so it is unlikely to have been deposited af piece of refu ter the property was razed in the 1930s. Still, it was remarkably well preserved for a se almost 100 years old. It still holds a story, even with the contents now gone. OR NK BNA REL DEE NII: DENY NARA NEN BREE ARENA RR ULE og NNER LR UREN IN EEE AEN Ee made il material crusader relationships betwee considered to cover moral crusade exten motivation behind the law may have started with Comstock’s relocation to New k boarded near the infamous Tenderloin district, w all forms of ascivious th con ded the Civil War. Comstoc prostitutes offered their services freely distributed. Condo himself to chase away as many of the “riff raff’ as he could with an open umbrella, but Comstock could do much more after gaining the attention of magnates like Sam tracepti to porn on and the information conceming how it was ography, abortion, and even general discussio MS, as to the general public and racy newspapers and p one can imagine, were peddled on the street. ling the distribu First, the presence of a marketed prophylactic device reflects the changing social n the sexes in the early 20th century. The distribution of con egal in the United States with the Comstock Act of 1873. Named for the anti Anthony Comstock, the bill was part of legislation contro rough the U.S. Mail. Comstock’s definition was broad enough to be used. ns of traceptives was SEX. Yor k City a here pimps anc hotographs were He took it upon ti- obscenity tion of any His The [ter uel Colgate and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521570/figure-8-illustration-depicting-tin-button-advertising-the"><img alt="Figure 8. Illustration depicting a tin button advertising the Merry Widow brand condom (from Elliott, et al. 1998: 142). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-37321499-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47556ed66ebbbed221f08d1f9304c9a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57278712,"asset_id":37321499,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278712/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37321499"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37321499"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321499; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37321499]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37321499]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321499; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37321499']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "47556ed66ebbbed221f08d1f9304c9a5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37321499]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37321499,"title":"CONTROL OF THEIR BODIES, CONTROL OF THEIR VOTES: PINS AND PROPHYLACTICS TELL THE SUFFRAGETTE STORY","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"1","volume":"8","abstract":"The study of material culture regularly provides insight into the lives of working-class and ethnically diverse people, groups for whom documentary information is often found lacking. 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The political dynamics of an era also influences the ways in which members of all gender present themselves (and are represented) in the public sphere.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37321499/CONTROL_OF_THEIR_BODIES_CONTROL_OF_THEIR_VOTES_PINS_AND_PROPHYLACTICS_TELL_THE_SUFFRAGETTE_STORY","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-08-31T06:55:03.910-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":31841088,"work_id":37321499,"tagging_user_id":10183,"tagged_user_id":5658996,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"r***o@gmail.com","affiliation":"American University","display_order":1,"name":"Rebecca Gibson","title":"CONTROL OF THEIR BODIES, CONTROL OF THEIR VOTES: PINS AND PROPHYLACTICS TELL THE SUFFRAGETTE STORY"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57278712,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278712/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Indiana_Archaeology_v8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278712/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"CONTROL_OF_THEIR_BODIES_CONTROL_OF_THEIR.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57278712/Indiana_Archaeology_v8-libre.pdf?1535724338=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCONTROL_OF_THEIR_BODIES_CONTROL_OF_THEIR.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=HHAF1gdL2lzb4ACM-~GVpKKYSDPDsVHdPqncJWCSDfHpjwAKff4QlB43XE-Cg5j~4XfbMNpt~KBoNzy7jzfRSnnHn5v2MlsporAKtfrDledyA3CpC1se5TeUSaPcVgtAWEJxdL62Ib8WSdXj8sGYkNgHzN4Rt7gH59Vk9qnJbSQg8i0x-MSv96KhlctBsZuU~5Y26KdSYV1VHYlqcIcXkyx3IiwWoIGUBlh9GUtnV7K0F8KfbXM4q38xOeF0YJUQj9fSeVWiMjhP3GwowxM0pWOkwwhLeKWczt5FhEBDU52iy3L1xNRVMYuWaXBxooU3Sc0J8BLfqo75Za9Vdwl90A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"CONTROL_OF_THEIR_BODIES_CONTROL_OF_THEIR_VOTES_PINS_AND_PROPHYLACTICS_TELL_THE_SUFFRAGETTE_STORY","translated_slug":"","page_count":16,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The study of material culture regularly provides insight into the lives of working-class and ethnically diverse people, groups for whom documentary information is often found lacking. The objects found in their places of work or near the households in which they lived can help illuminate their daily concerns and affairs. These are topics not regularly discussed in the historical record and, as such, are explored through historical archaeology instead. Likewise, there are important issues taking place both within the home and in wider society that are not openly addressed in newspapers, novels, or governmental records. For instance, because they are seen as taboo, sexual relations are often kept under cover. Yet, the interpretation of specific classes of artifacts related to marital (and extramarital) practices can provide a possible reconstruction of the social lives of those that used them. The political dynamics of an era also influences the ways in which members of all gender present themselves (and are represented) in the public sphere.","owner":{"id":10183,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"VanderVeen","page_name":"JayVanderVeen","domain_name":"iusb","created_at":"2008-10-23T10:17:47.235-07:00","display_name":"James M VanderVeen","url":"https://iusb.academia.edu/JayVanderVeen"},"attachments":[{"id":57278712,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278712/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Indiana_Archaeology_v8.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278712/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"CONTROL_OF_THEIR_BODIES_CONTROL_OF_THEIR.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57278712/Indiana_Archaeology_v8-libre.pdf?1535724338=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCONTROL_OF_THEIR_BODIES_CONTROL_OF_THEIR.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=HHAF1gdL2lzb4ACM-~GVpKKYSDPDsVHdPqncJWCSDfHpjwAKff4QlB43XE-Cg5j~4XfbMNpt~KBoNzy7jzfRSnnHn5v2MlsporAKtfrDledyA3CpC1se5TeUSaPcVgtAWEJxdL62Ib8WSdXj8sGYkNgHzN4Rt7gH59Vk9qnJbSQg8i0x-MSv96KhlctBsZuU~5Y26KdSYV1VHYlqcIcXkyx3IiwWoIGUBlh9GUtnV7K0F8KfbXM4q38xOeF0YJUQj9fSeVWiMjhP3GwowxM0pWOkwwhLeKWczt5FhEBDU52iy3L1xNRVMYuWaXBxooU3Sc0J8BLfqo75Za9Vdwl90A__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology"},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies"},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality"},{"id":6367,"name":"Woman Suffrage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Woman_Suffrage"}],"urls":[{"id":8576084,"url":"https://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/files/hp-2013_indiana_archaeology_jnl.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-37321499-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5907656"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5907656/Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their_Votes_Pins_and_Prophylactics_Tell_the_Suffragette_Story"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Control of Their Bodies, Control of Their Votes: Pins and Prophylactics Tell the Suffragette Story" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32890457/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5907656/Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their_Votes_Pins_and_Prophylactics_Tell_the_Suffragette_Story">Control of Their Bodies, Control of Their Votes: Pins and Prophylactics Tell the Suffragette Story</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://american.academia.edu/RebeccaGibson">Rebecca Gibson</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iusb.academia.edu/JayVanderVeen">James M VanderVeen</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>INDIANA ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 8 Number 1 2013</span><span>, Dec 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-5907656-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-5907656-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215107/figure-31-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215046/figure-1-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215047/figure-2-this-article-reports-the-first-known-use-of-den"><img alt="This article reports the first known use of den techniques for th modification of b museums and indi framework of inte Wilkie 2009). university setting viduals interpreting historic structu rpretive archaeology (Baas and Rubi droarchaeology (application of tree-ring e dating of historically erected buildings) to date the construction and uildings in New Harmony. Knowing these dates help preservationists make informed management and interpretive decisions. For the authors, who work closely with local res in public history, public schools, and s, the dendroarchaeology of historic structures is approached within a no 2012, 2013; Rubino and Hanson 2009; " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215049/figure-3-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215050/figure-3-historic-american-building-survey-for-community"><img alt="Figure 3. Historic American Building Survey for Community House No. 2, 1933. The red ovals show third story wall sample locations. The blue ovals show attic truss sample locations (Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, HABS IND, 65-NEHAR, 2). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215052/figure-4-historic-american-building-survey-for-community"><img alt="Figure 4. Historic American Building Survey for Community House No. 2, 1933 showing section through attic and third story (Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, HABS IND, 65-NEHAR, 2). The atti truss is illustrated in the two views within the red ovals. tulip poplar, a species that frequently has missing rings. Missing rings (years when no tree ring forms over the entire trunk or formed at all in a given year) are caused by extreme stress, such as a drought, or injury. By taking two samples from a timber, the likelihood of obtaining a sample without a missing ring increases. Also, replicate samples help in ensuring that a timber did in fact exhibit a wane edge. In addition to the cores taken from the building, two additional samples (CHS17A and CHS18A) were analyzed. These two samples were cross sections obtained from stored timbers that were too damaged to be reused in the most recent renovation of the building (Figure 8). However, their exact location within the structure is unknown. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215054/figure-6-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215056/figure-7-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215058/figure-8-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215059/figure-9-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215062/figure-9-west-attic-truss-looking-north-roof-rafters-are"><img alt="Figure 9. West attic truss looking north. Roof rafters are visible behind the truss and HVAC equipment (photo courtesy of Christopher Baas). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215064/figure-11-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215065/figure-12-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215067/figure-13-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215068/figure-14-rd-floor-interior-wall-looking-north-sample"><img alt="3rd Floor Interior Wall (Looking North): Sample Locations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215069/figure-15-rd-floor-west-exterior-wall-sample-locations"><img alt="3rd Floor West Exterior Wall: Sample Locations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215070/figure-13-community-house-no-third-floor-wall-sample"><img alt="Figure 13. Community House No. 2-Third floor wall sample locations (illustration courtesy of Christopher Baas). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215072/figure-17-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215073/figure-18-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215075/figure-15-mean-annual-growth-of-tulip-poplar-and-red-oak"><img alt="Figure 15. Mean annual growth of tulip poplar and red oak samples obtained from Community House 2. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215076/figure-20-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215078/figure-1-location-of-floyd-county-indiana-map-by-corn-island"><img alt="Figure 1. Location of Floyd County, Indiana. Map by Corn Island LLC. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215080/figure-22-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215083/figure-4-twentieth-visit-to-th-ghosts-of-tannery-an-their"><img alt="T twentieth visit to th ghosts of e tannery (Figure 4, 5, an their profiles on adjacent buildings. One of he site occupies a significant portion of the upper terrace within an early to mid- century built environment. A number of v d 6). Several of the buildings have been demolished, leaving acant buildings were documented on a site these, at least, had burned and subsequently been torn down, and another was modified due to the construction of a floodwall. Several supporting structures were noted tl filtration Figure 7). hat were the locations of specialized activities such as water " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215087/figure-4-westernmost-tannery-building-with-the-moser-leather"><img alt="Figure 4. Westernmost tannery building with “THE MOSER LEATHER CO.”, facing southeast (photo by Anne Tobbe Bader). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215089/figure-5-vacant-tannery-buildings-near-water-tower-facing"><img alt="Figure 5. Vacant tannery buildings near water tower, facing southwest (photo by Anne Tobbe Bader). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215093/figure-6-additional-vacant-buildings-at-the-tannery-facing"><img alt="Figure 6. Additional vacant buildings at the tannery, facing southeast (photo by Anne Tobbe Bader). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215095/figure-27-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215098/figure-28-wooden-drying-racks-overhead-rollers-items-out-al"><img alt="wooden drying racks, overhead rollers, items, out, al decom The current owner has confirmed that there are “buildings full” of tanning equipment, anning pits, and wooden drums for “stuffing” hides with oils and waxes. He has salvaged some of this equipment, but there is more remaining. These coupled with the well-documented processes that occurred within until a fairly recent date, may provide additional data specifically related to process. While the landowner has documented the si products, more focused study on the artifacts themselves would be advised. In addition, there are many individuals living in the area that worked in the addition to the study of this industry. Additional arc recommended to ensure there are no associated nding the buildings, is not expected at this ti ong with the artifacts in the possession of the posing leather, which was tossed over the recom mended for any invasive investigation. the material culture used in the tanning te in terms of its history, operations, and plant. Oral histories would be a welcome haeological investigation, however, while buried remains beneath graveled areas me to be the most productive means of ring study at this site. Rather, the photographic documentation of the buildings, inside and andowner, would allow a more thorough understanding of the processes associated with this industry. A very deep pile of slowly hillside towards the large pond, is not " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215100/figure-29-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215103/figure-30-site-fl-and-site-fl"><img alt="Site 12 Fl 117 and Site 12 Fl 118 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215110/figure-32-eae-eh-dates-derived-for-diagnostic-artifacts"><img alt="eae eh Dates derived for diagnostic artifacts recovered from site 12 Fl 117 indicate a period of use from 1869 through 1920. by the early brown transferprint date (1829 to Although some patterns were pattern or manufacturer, the transferprinted vessel may have the Moir formula indicate a da most appropriate for the site. made through tl been a curated heirloom item. W te of 1913-1914. The early twen The earlier Mean Ceramic Date (MCD) appears to be influenced 1839 maximum popularity range) (Stelle 2001). he late nineteenth century, without knowing the maximum popularity range appears to most appropriate. The indow glass dates derived using tieth century dates appear to be " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215113/figure-11-concrete-foundation-posts-photo-by-anne-tobbe"><img alt="Figure 11. Concrete foundation posts (photo by Anne Tobbe Bader). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215120/figure-12-cinder-pile-adjacent-to-south-end-of-structure"><img alt="Figure 12. Cinder pile adjacent to south end of structure (photo by Anne Tobbe Bader). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215125/figure-13-site-fl-was-located-south-east-and-slightly"><img alt="Site 12 Fl 118 was located south, east, and slightly downhill of site 12 Fl 117. The site was identified as two concentrations of demolished structures an apparent. The first, Structure 1, was situated on a slight rise further to the east, was on a lower landform at the base of tl ocation of Structure 2, reflecting demolition. Ground distu acres (0.10 hectares). concrete, fence posts depressions), and artifact scatters. At least two possible stru ower structure (Figure 13). The site measured 50 meters by 30 meters and encom d debris (dressed limes or terrace while Structu tone blocks, ctures were re 2, located he terrace beyond which the ground dropped dramatically into the wetlands of the floodplain below. Push piles were present in the rbance was noted in the area of the passed 0.25 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215133/figure-36-this-in-braci-generally-ranged-from-twenti-truss"><img alt="This in m braci generally ranged from 50 twenti truss, patented in 1848 by two ost other truss forms, using ng units than load-bearing sys supp the Warren truss was frequen anted pins as the preferred con and deck trusses are rare [M&H Arch tems. Th to 400 feet. Warre tieth century and were frequently used in India nection for structu tly used in a pony configuration; Warren through itecture 2007:75]. e span of n trusses were popular in the early na once bolts and rivets The most common truss type used in the twentieth century was the Warren truss. British engineers, eliminated verticals found diagonals to witl compressive forces. Warren trusses can include vertical hstand both tensile and s, but they serve more as this truss configuration ral members. In Indiana, " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215138/figure-37-leaving-only-duplex-on-the-lot-david-bainbridge"><img alt="leaving only duplex on the lot. David Bainbridge, Senior Curator for the Center for History indicates that the Oliver family decided to clear the property completely in the 1930s (persona communication, 2010). Maps from 1949 on support this information, showing the lot as vacant Further, although the soil in the excavation units did not show a clear stratigraphy, it was eviden' that the site had not been significantly disturbed since being backfilled. Therefore, the artifacts, with few exceptions, were most likely used and ultimately deposited before the end of the 1930s. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215144/figure-38-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215147/figure-3-illustration-of-unsafe-hatpins-san-francisco-call"><img alt="Figure 3. Illustration of “unsafe” hatpins (San Francisco Call, 15 January 1904). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215151/figure-4-two-views-of-hatpin-found-in-excavation-unit-at-the"><img alt="Figure 4. Two views of hatpin found in excavation unit at the site (photos by Rebecca Gibson). Figure 4. Two views of hatpin found in excavation unit at the site (photos by Rebecca Gibson). What interested us first about As mentioned earlier, the two that su was white or clear. If so, the three co the hatpin are the two paste jewels and the space for a third. rvived are green and violet. The authors posit that the third ors together symbolize the English suffragists, specifically the Women’s Social and Political Union. This union, and the women who spoke for it, were committed to active participation in t their symbol in 1908 because, “purp every suffragette .. . white stands fo he fight for women’s rights and adopted the three colors as e ... stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of r purity in private and public life . . . green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring” (Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, quoted in the Museum of Edinburgh V otes for Women Exhibition 2009). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215154/figure-41-ma-began-far-bef-was-soon-to-fal-in-ma-sen-uni"><img alt="ma. began far bef: was soon to Fal in ma Sen Uni Wins their “specia freedom f. 897, bot rom socialist and communist tyrann nufacturing (Churchill 1946). Although he did not say t ore that time, and where one country went in s Convention in 1848, and the British Nati ny delegates at Seneca Falls wou movement ( relationship,” a sort of agreeme follow. The same was very much eca. Eve ton Churchill famously said that England and America mu nt that both countries stood for y, and that both countries sh hese words until politics, trade, o true regardin g suffrage. With f the People Act in 1928. tually benefited from Western democracy, ared ideas on trade and 946, the relationship r expansion, the other the American Seneca ional Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies formed h countries organized themselves within mere decades of each d go on to befriend, and assist, the Holton 1994). Women in several states in America already ntually, America passed the 19th amendment to its constitution in 1920, while the ted Kingdom passed the Representation o other. Additionally, eaders of the British had the vote, before r | eat " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215160/figure-42-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215163/figure-43-the-merry-widow-brand-however-was-one-of-the-more"><img alt="The Merry Widow brand, however, was one of the more popular versions of condoms during early 1900s (Collier 2007). The brand was known for its u colored, coin-shaped ti tucked inside waxy w 1930s and widely avai were sold by barbers, (Collier 2007). Trojan n with three condoms made first of rubber ceme rappings. The brand was produced from before ilable. Cheaper than Trojans, a competing bran bartenders, shoeshine boys, gas station attendan niqu S were specifically marketed to pharmacists ru like the one at the si available there as well. _r 1 | 1 1 ae fal te, but Merry Widows, labeled as disease preven nnin e pac nd later dd War I to the mid- ins of Merry Widows kaging: a gold of liquid latex nd even door-to-door g com tives, er drug stores, were probably r The of the demo tin was not found on the drug store portion of the plot, rather it was in the foundation ished duplex. Excavated from Unit C, nearest to the street, the package could have been used by the inhabitants of the building or pushed into the foundation from nearby as backfill. It was from one of the lowest levels, 90 cm below surface, so it is unlikely to have been deposited af piece of refu ter the property was razed in the 1930s. Still, it was remarkably well preserved for a se almost 100 years old. It still holds a story, even with the contents now gone. OR NK BNA REL DEE NII: DENY NARA NEN BREE ARENA RR ULE og NNER LR UREN IN EEE AEN Ee made il material crusader relationships betwee considered to cover moral crusade exten motivation behind the law may have started with Comstock’s relocation to New k boarded near the infamous Tenderloin district, w all forms of ascivious th con ded the Civil War. Comstoc prostitutes offered their services freely distributed. Condo himself to chase away as many of the “riff raff’ as he could with an open umbrella, but Comstock could do much more after gaining the attention of magnates like Sam tracepti to porn on and the information conceming how it was ography, abortion, and even general discussio MS, as to the general public and racy newspapers and p one can imagine, were peddled on the street. amed for the an ling the distribu First, the presence of a marketed prophylactic device reflects the changing social n the sexes in the early 20th century. The distribution of con egal in the United States with the Comstock Act of 1873. N Anthony Comstock, the bill was part of legislation contro rough the U.S. Mail. Comstock’s definition was broad enough to be used. ns of traceptives was ti- obscenity tion of any SEX. Yor k City a here pimps anc hotographs were He took it upon His The [ter uel Colgate and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215166/figure-8-illustration-depicting-tin-button-advertising-the"><img alt="Figure 8. Illustration depicting a tin button advertising the Merry Widow brand condom (from Elliott, et al. 1998: 142). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215168/figure-1-he-fresh-water-sea-of-lake-michigan-lures-us-li"><img alt="he fresh water sea of Lake Michigan lures us li e below. We are still entranced by the folklore, spresent. Indiana’s waters possess much more of ke a mythical siren, deep into the mysteries t the history, and the adventu this maritime history than is re that shipwrec often realized ¢ iclude shipwrecks that are over 100 years old, such as the Muskegon (Peerless), the F. | Vheeler, and the J. D. Marshall. These p 1emorials to Indiana’s maritime history, but > th ceanic and Atmospheric Association (NO CP) coordinated archaeological investigatio fichigan during 2011 and 2012 (Figure 1 RG) was contracted to perform the investiga LM 20 e potential for historical information th UZZ at nd ndiana State Museums and Historic Sites (ISMHS) (Kau . Commonweal tions, with o they contain. AA), Indiana’s ns of shipwrecks i es embedded in Lake th Cu With fu Fmann 20 nding the lake floor are not o1 also archaeological resources whose true va from the Natio Michigan Coastal Progr: in th e Indiana waters of Lz 1). tural Resources Group, I versight by the State Archaeoloc Figure 1. Indiana Lake Michigan historic shipwreck survey project area (Kaufmann 2011:8). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215170/figure-46-the-ma-rshall-is-now-famous-in-indiana-history-not"><img alt="The J. D. Ma rshall is now famous in Indiana history not only for its historical significance, but also because the attempted salvage of this vessel was the initial impetus for the state’s efforts to survey, document, and evaluate historic vessels in Indiana’s state waters. A 1982 salvage attempt of 14-3-3-4, Section was re-floated, m and it crashed back to tl divers to state au apprehended by attempt and other within an archaeological context that vessel’s attributes were damaged, artifac hull integrity compromised (Ellis 1987a: 7) (E oved, lis 1987a:1; Gantz and the prop was cu he bottom (Ellis ca. thorities. Salvage activi officers from the Division activities which have rem this vessel was illegal according to Indiana S 982). At the time of the ai t off. Then the means of refloating the vessel failed 987a:1). This salvage atte ties were stopped when the of Law Enforcement. A oved artifacts from this si is disturbed. According to e ). s displaced, deck and internal tate Preservation laws (IC ttempted salvage, the ship mpt was reported by local individuals involved were s a result of this salvage te, the J. D. Marshall lies arly 1980s accounts, the equipment scattered, and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215176/figure-47-towed-out-of-the-harbor-to-be-scuttled-no-lives"><img alt="towed out of the harbor to be scuttled. No lives were lost when the ship bummed. The Indiana Transportation Company salvaged some of the sand-sucking machinery (Ellis 1986a:36). The Muskegon was a steamer vessel type and a package-freighter property type. This vessel was built at Cleveland, Ohio. The ship measured 211 ft (64.3 m) in length by 39.9 ft (12.2 m) abeam with a draft of 12.5 ft (3.8 m) and onginally weighed 941 gross tons (955.9 mt) (Merchant Vessel List 1909). This vessel was first operated by Leopold and Austrian out of Chicago (BGSU 2012; Milwaukee Public Library 1959). When the Muskegon was the Peerless, the vessel was equipped with a large reciprocating engine and dual boilers. The Peerless was re- named as the Muskegon in 1907 after the Muskegon and Chicago Navigation Company purchased the ship (C. Patrick Labadie Collection 2012). js ee oe a «€ " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215184/figure-4-the-wheeler-was-stranded-on-december-during-winter"><img alt="The F. W. Wheeler was stranded on December 3, 1893, during a winter storm while carrying a cargo of coal from Buffalo, New Y ork (Milwaukee Public Library 1959). The local lifesaving station under the direction of Captain Finch was credited with saving all of the 16 crew members who were on board the vessel (City News [CN], 25 September 1935). The F. W. Wheeler was under the command of Captain Trotter at the time of its foundering near Michigan City (Cavinder 1978:1; CN, 25 September 1935). An attempt was made to aid the vessel before it sank and broke apart, but one of the tugs, the Crowell, sank on its way to assist the F. W. Wheeler (CN, 25 September 1935). The crew of the Crowell was rescued by another tug on its way to assist the F. W. Wheeler. In addition, two tug boats assisted with lightening the ship’s cargo by removing some coal. However, within two days, the back of the F. W. Wheeler was broken and it was considered a total loss. The vessel was reported to have been carrying a cargo that in total weighed over 2000 tons (2032.1 mt). At the time of its sinking, it was still carrying 1200 tons (1219.3 mt) of coal (Cavinder 1978:1). It was reported that wreckage from the F. W. History. This ship was built in 1887 by F. W. Wheeler at West Bay City (now Bay City), Michigan, for David Whitney of Detroit (Ellis 1986a:51; Milwaukee Public Library 1959) (Figure 4). This vessel was most likely operated by David Whitney because there was no record of ownership changes (BGSU 2012). The vessel could carry over 70,000 bushels (1524 mt) of wheat, which it transported from Chicago to Buffalo (Milwaukee Public Library 1959). It was also used to transport coal. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215189/figure-49-the-vessel-lies-mostly-buried-with-the-port"><img alt="The vessel lies mostly buried with the port foreship sidewall present but detached from the main frame. The port midship sidewall is also still standing and extrudes slightly from the lakebed. The lower portion of the starboard sidewall lies collapsed on top of the main frame. The upper portion of the starboard wall, noted as missing in 1986 (Ellis 1986b:26), was not relocated as part of this survey. The bow section of the main frame and metal-covered keelson were fairly buried in sand. The bow appears to be intact, to the north and east of the port sidewall section. The stem section was more exposed, revealing the engine stand, engine support futtocks (separate curved or vertical wood used to make a nib or frame piece), and propeller. Some of the sub-keelsons were evident, where they were exposed from sand cover. Ribs and floor frames along the starboard side were also observed. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215196/figure-50-the-holds-are-exposed-and-open-on-the-deck-the"><img alt="The holds are exposed and open on the deck. The deck and remaining super structure at the stern are fairly close to the water’s surface. The sidewalls are intact but with several cracks that penetrate through the hull to the interior of the hold. The deck appears to be deteriorating through oxidation and weakening of the hull. The stem portion is missing most of the pilot house. Most of the surfaces of the wreck are extensively coated with zebra mussels and algae in the sunlit areas. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215199/figure-51-reina-png-nie-rna-are-nina-rana-don-old-nner-nn"><img alt="REINA PNG NIE RNA ARE NINA: RANA DON: old NNER NN Bee Ny UNNI fe T were lost operation Lifesavin water in Another tug, Lifesavin reportedly remained afloat with th g Se breakwater (H farther out on vessel in August 1907 (Hi of Captain O. C. Olso was operated by Captain W. H. We g Service 1907:45-46). its hold so that the Cap the Perfection, came After keel upward rvice 1907:45-46). ilton 1962:195). 1 tain ch to e Apparently, Car of theJ.C.A mes was concermed for assist, but not before Car Ferry losing the train cars to the botto he Car Ferry No. 2 sank in 1906 when it capsized from a northeast gale; three lives (Hilton 1962:188-194; U.S. Lifesaving Service 1907:45-46). This barge, under the n, capsized after being released by er (Hilton 1962:194; Milwau the tugboat J. C. Ames, which kee Public Library 1959; U.S. Ferry No. 2 had taken on a fair amount of the safety of his vessel. No. 2 overturned (U.S. m of the lake, the vessel for a short time and then stranded near the The next spring, the Army Corps of En gineers towed the barge to the lake to remove it as a navigation hazard and final ton 1962:195). y dynamited part of the " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215202/figure-52-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215205/figure-2-doll-fragments-from-site-bl-and-partially-complete"><img alt="Figure 2. Doll fragments from site 12 Bl] 219 and a partially complete figure of a soapstone statue from site 12 BI 320 (photo by Kristin Kjeldsen). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215215/figure-3-assorted-decorated-ceramics-from-sites-bl-bl-and-bl"><img alt="Figure 3. Assorted decorated ceramics from sites 12 Bl 219; 12 Bl 220; and 12 Bl 302 (photo by Kristin Kjeldsen). Numerous examples of whiteware, stoneware, porcelain, and ironstone were encountered in the surveys, several of which were decorated in some fashion. Figure 3 and 4 show a date between 1800 and 1890 (Feldhues WwW WwW an decoration tl d 1890 (1 hiteware ri 12 Bl] 219-15 is a piece of whiteware body m with red sponge decoration Feldhues 1995). Finally, 12 995). The rest of the i hiteware and date from the 1820s to the present (Sutton and Arku that dates between 1840 and 1860 (Feld with a green transfer print which dates be sh 2009). 12 Bl Bl 220-10 is a piece of hat dates between 1825 and 1862 (IMACS 1992). sampling of the variety of ceramics that were found and the types of decoration present. 12 Bl 219-40 is ironstone with flow blue decoration and 12 Bl 219-41 is hand-painted ironstone; both tems featured are decorated 219-04 is a hues 1995). tween 1830 whiteware with blue flow " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215223/figure-55-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215227/figure-56-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215231/figure-6-middle-archaic-raddatz-projectile-point-from-site"><img alt="Figure 6. A Middle Archaic Raddatz projectile point from site 12 Bl 289 (photo by Kristin Kjeldsen) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215235/figure-7-late-archaic-matanzas-projectile-point-from-site-bl"><img alt="Figure 7. A Late Archaic Matanzas projectile point from site 12 Bl 185 (photo by Kristin Kjeldsen). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215239/figure-59-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215244/figure-60-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215246/table-3-the-lithic-artifacts-were-dominated-by-liston-creek"><img alt="The lithic artifacts were dominated by Liston Creek cherts (37.50 percent) (Table 3). There are no naturally occurring Liston Creek chert outcrops in Blackford County, but Cantin shows Liston Creek chert occurring in nearby Huntington, Wabash, and Miami Counties (Cantin 2008:9). Only four of the projectile points were identified as being Liston Creek (12 Bl 276-01, 12 Bl 300-01, 12 B] 311-01, and 12 Bl 322-01) =—=—s! Jefferson Jeffersonville ch are a significant third most com outcrop in Harn ——————=E——— oe ville chert was the second highest identified in Decatur, Bartholomew, Jennings and Jefferson counties and tl draugh chert is the Muldraugh chert is only know this is a signif mon type of son Coun Blackford Coun of chert material the state ty (>275 km) of Indiana in the extreme ert outcrops distance (>130 km) from the project area (Can chert material (6.25 pe ndiana along the Ohio Dj Ly, (Cal nt) ( (5.29 perce significant distai projectile points 293-01). Exotic represent eXC nce from Blackfo were made from eS OES I OE OO EOE OE ntin Tab southwest part of tl rd County (>300 ney (12 Bl 142- Di cherts, chert that 48.07 percent of the total lithic material luded, exotic cherts represent 43.25 percent of c @) hemeitiaiain tinal 2008:9, 56). le 3). Ditney c K utcrops more th hert materi tin 2008). rcent). d urs in only on in tin 2008:9). Bl 233-01, 12 an 80 kilometers fro Mu rt is the fourth icant distance f material (7.21 percent) (Table 3). NeSe n to rom most common type ty and this is al Four of the recove Bl 235-01, and 12 m Blackford Coun collected. With unk e reported location Warrick Coun in so a red. Bl ly, nown chert materials al collected. Local cherts (Lis ton Creek, Fall Creek, Laurel, and Kenneth) represent 51.93 percent of the total lithic material col ected. With Liston Creek excluded, local cherts only represent 10.58 percent of the total. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215252/figure-62-blackford-county-is-predominantly-comprised-of"><img alt="Blackford County is predominantly comprised of Till Plain and Moraine landform, and all of the parcels of land investigated in this project were found on this landform. Floodplains also exist in the county, but only along the Salamonie River and the Big and Little Lick Creeks K luess 1986). We attempted to gain landowner permission to survey along the Salamonie River and four landowners granted permission for a total of 526 acres; however, none of these parcels had the visibility necessary to conduct surveys. Three landowners granted permission in the properties adjacent to the northern section of the Godfroy Reserve (Survey Areas 7, 8, and 9) and this was the closest that we came to the Salamonie River and floodplain landforms. Further testing along the Salamonie River is recommended if these landowners will grant permission and f other landowners on the southern side of the river would grant permission. The general project area of Blackford County is worthy of additional investigation and study. rr i ie ie " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215256/figure-63-ee-inc-representative-of-newly-discovered-sites"><img alt="ee t inc representative of newly discovered sites were avai resentation which i aeology laws (Figu nded ndiana a A ee Nae ee: n April 17, 20 iety by AAL archaeologist Ch er, Tori Kiefer, and Kristin Kj uding backgro the p rch n surveys from heir prope he auth t became apparent that were deep istory and landowne ors the typ —————— 2 a public presentation was given at ristine Keller and Department of An eldsen. The hour long presen and results. 2 a und, methodology, an ncluded a qu re 11). Thro rty were very en y interested in the in Euro-American rs who expressed great es of artifacts that Blackford County has a the residents of Black thusi types of contact. Numerous personal ph —— esti ugh had bee in —_—_——— ilable for the at on and answer —— rhe Bl Both histori tation c and preh SeSSI c and eager out this project ford County. Landowners w asti there was broad ho gran to have tl “iw ackford County Historical thropology students Joseph reviewed all aspects of the istoric artifacts ttendees to view. Over 50 people on, and a sh ort discussion support for the ted permission heir fields surveyed. f artifacts we found and how thei one cal r property was ls were made terest in participating in the survey and shared n surface collected on thei n active and involved Historical Society and a arge collector community fascinated with their county’s prehistory and past. r property in the past. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215261/figure-64-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215264/figure-2-fifty-four-test-units-were-hand-excavated-across"><img alt="Fifty-four 1-x-1 m test units were hand excavated across the site (Figure 2). Thirty-five units were excavated to assess the horizontal and vertical extent of the site, while 17 units were excavated to assess the potential for subsurface features based on the results of the magnetometer survey. As a result, two features were identified and 1,918 artifacts were recovered. Artifact densities were quite variable across the site and were used to reassess the overall site boundaries. Based on test unit excavations, site boundaries were reduced from 20,700 m? to 12,231 m? (Trader et al. 2010:41). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215270/figure-3-accepc-dates-obtained-from-features"><img alt="Figure 3. Acceptable “C dates obtained from features. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215272/figure-67-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215274/figure-5-middle-woodland-late-woodland-and-late-prehistoric"><img alt="Figure 5. Middle Woodland, Late Woodland and Late Prehistoric projectile points: a. Lowe Flared Base; b Jack’s Reef Cluster point; c. Serrated Triangular point; d. Possible Cahokia Cluster point; e. Triangula point type. Photo by Kim Starbuck, Gray & Pape, Inc. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215277/figure-69-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215279/figure-1-our-most-recent-acquisition-undertaken-in-fort-in"><img alt="Our most recent acquisition -- undertaken in Fort” in Dearborn County, Known as the Oberting-Glenn Earthwork (12 an earth and stone wall enclosing about 20 ac feet in diameter, is located w the walls, and another four hought to be only such arc D 25) res. A ithin the earthwo were noted in th e€ Caf today. To create the preserve, thirty acres encompassi $300,000 with an additional 0 acres of wooded slope don Figure 1), conical bu rk. Three smaller buri y 19" cen Nnaco summer 2012 -- ogical site remaining in Indiana. the rial ng th tury, but have not been reloca e earthwork were purchased ated by tl is a Hopewell Culture “Hill hilltop enclosure is formed by mound, six feet high and sixty al mounds are present outside ted for he Glenn family. As Indiana’s population grows, its economy expands, and its urbanization increases, its arch aeological sites will come under greater than ever threats of destruction. The Archaeological Conservancy is actively seeking additional archaeological sites to acquire as permanent research preserves. Any archaeological site on private and that an archaeologist might want to investigate in the future is a potential candidate for acquisition as a permanent research preserve. Persons with information about archaeological sites on private land or who wish further information about the organization can visit our website www.americanarchaeology.com or write Paul Gardner, Midwest Regional Director, The Archaeological Conservancy, 3620 N. High St, Suite 307, Columbus, OH 43214. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215281/figure-71-the-monument-and-grounds-are-now-part-of-the"><img alt="The monument and grounds are now part of the George Rogers Cla Park, administered by the National Park Service. Sadly, no professional archaeological investigations appear to have been conducted prior to when the site for e excavation preparations for conducted in the 1930s. Bearss (1970:Chapter 6 (C) (2)), citing an unda the spri cleared of other existing structures, from Vincennes, reports that when rapidly deteriorate. Local historians investigations, attempting to locate have, however, been conducted in th the earth had not been disturbed [ probably those of a soldier or Indian bu remains of the fort and e area (Tomak 1972). O investigations (e.g. Bringelson 2010; Frost 1988, 1990; Kauf. -s and th specula [by mo nument construc Ruby 1997) have been made in the v cinity. ried in the 18” fter being exposed, they tion related activities], th information from that tim nes were deep in the gravel, whe rk National Historical the monument was the monument we ted newspaper artic nkler system for the memorial grounds w installed, human remains were recovered, and that “soon a ted that as the bo as bein began Sadaoaod ey we century.” Modern archaeological e period ther discoveries and archaeological mann et al. 2012; Lagemann 1975; " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215284/figure-72-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215286/figure-73-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215287/figure-74-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215289/figure-4-records-indicate-that-prior-toe-his-troops-arrived"><img alt="~ Records indicate that prior toe his troops arrived at Corn Island at the Falls of the Ohio area. T island, a blockhouse and cabins were built, and land was planted i 131, 471; Indiana Historical Bureau valuable archaeological evidence regarding this launching poi campaign. Unfortunately, the geograp damage in later periods, prevent any cu location. rrent archaeology from bei N COM 997:9). Remnants of these type nt loca — mbarking on the campaign to take Vincennes, Clark and roops and settlers occupied the Figure 4; English 1897: s of features would be tion for the Vincennes hy of the island (in a river setting), and its subsequent ng con ducted at this important Coming back to the Fa and mill (Barnhart and Riker not still stand. Today there is the general area (Figure 5). A by several individuals (Ansli 971:254) there on the property, but a reconstruction of what is thought rchaeological excavations have been White 2003) investigations h prehistory of the area. e, Indiana. He sadly the orig to be the style ave resulted in additional data to conducted in th nger 2001:1-2; Janzen 1972), and more recent Is of the Ohio area in 1803, Clark settled on land (Clark’s Point) in what is now part of the Falls of the Ohio State Park in Clarksvil had a log cabin inal cabin does of his cabin in e general area archaeological help interpret th e history and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215291/figure-76-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215294/table-1-timber-types-analyzed-from-community-house-no-more"><img alt="Table 1. Timber types analyzed from Community House No. 2. More than one species of tree may be called by a single timber type because identification to the species level is not always possible for various timber types. A species is considered possible and is listed below if its natural distribution occurs in Posey County, Indiana. Species distributions are based on Jackson (2004); taxonomy and nomenclature follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215303/table-2-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215304/table-3-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215307/table-4-series-and-segment-year-segments-overlapping-by"><img alt="Table 4. Series and segment (50-year segments overlapping by 25 years) correlation analysis and mean and standard deviation (mm) of each dated series from Community House No. 2. In each column headed by a set of dates the correlation coefficient found by correlating each of the series’ segments against all other series of that species is given. A correlation coefficient greater than 0.328 indicates a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215311/table-5-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215312/table-6-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215315/table-7-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="Discussion " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215317/table-1-surveys-were-field-investigated-as-part-of-this"><img alt="surveys were field investigated as part of this multi-year survey effort and were re-surveyed as part of the current project (Table 1). In conjunction with the MCRS survey was the development of a program called Indiana Submerged A rtifact and Vessel Evaluation (SAVE). This program was launched in 1983 by the IDNR as a response to an individual who attempted to salvage the wreck of the J. D. Marshall in Porter County (Ellis 1987a:1). The goal of the SAVE program was to incorporate professional expertise within the IDNR from the DHPA and the Division of Law Enforcement (DLE) to effectively document and evaluate submerged cultural resources. This program was diminished the late 1980s because of other agency obligations. aie om) <a cee: 7 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215319/table-9-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215321/table-10-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215323/table-11-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215325/table-12-the-frequency-of-identified-components-encountered"><img alt="The frequency of identified components encountered in the project area was similar to what had already been identified in Blackford County. One new cultural period (Middle A rchaic) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215326/table-13-cultural-were-added-along-ww-upon-co-late-archaic"><img alt="cultural were added along Ww Upon co Late Archaic), s Woodland), and pe Ohio River Val procurement strategies that focus on local resources and long-term base camps (Jefferies 2008 Th e Great Lakes region by contrast evinces long-distance mobility and resource gathering, with six Woodland sites (two Early Woodland, two Middle Woodland and two La ley evinces settlement patterns that favor valley and riverine settings an 47 historic sites. Prior to this survey project the Middle Archaic period was not represented in the SHAARD database for Blackford County. In general, the Middle Archai riod is not well understood in the state of Indiana (Jones and Johnson 2008:5). The Lower mpletion of fieldwork and artifact processing, we have been able to add to the chronology of the county. One hundred and thirty-nine Unidentified Prehistoric sites ith eight Archaic sites (three Early Archaic, one Middle Archaic and four Le C d ). short-term base camps located near water sources (Lovis et al. 2005). In the Tipton Till Plain the Mi is difficult and presumptuous ddle A rchaic with the site. period is not well known, and Wepler and Cochran (1982) attribute this lack of knowledge to a misidentification of point types and a lack in clear archaeological reporting. Blackford County lies in the center of these three sub-regions and with only one site identified ss eee it to ascribe any kind of cultural behavior that might be associated but we were unsuccessful in obtaining the necessary permission or ground surface visibility. Floodplains only occurred along the Salamonie River and Big and Little Lick Creeks. Therefore, settlement patterns for the different cultural contexts are difficult to ascertain. Without a differentiation in landform type, Blackford County is predominantly only representative of one history of taphonomic, geomorphic, and pedogenic processes. 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The research delves into historical narratives surrounding the suffrage movement, contrasting the personal experiences of women with the broader societal implications of their struggle for control over their bodies and votes.","ai_title_tag":"Suffragette Symbols: Autonomy and Agency","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":12,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"INDIANA ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 8 Number 1 2013"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5907656/Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their_Votes_Pins_and_Prophylactics_Tell_the_Suffragette_Story","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-31T22:32:42.626-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":5658996,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":6597438,"work_id":5907656,"tagging_user_id":5658996,"tagged_user_id":10183,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***r@iusb.edu","affiliation":"Indiana University South Bend","display_order":1,"name":"James M VanderVeen","title":"Control of Their Bodies, Control of Their Votes: Pins and Prophylactics Tell the Suffragette Story"},{"id":31858406,"work_id":5907656,"tagging_user_id":10183,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6744519,"email":"d***a@dnr.in.gov","display_order":4194304,"name":"Indiana Shpo","title":"Control of Their Bodies, Control of Their Votes: Pins and Prophylactics Tell the Suffragette Story"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32890457,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32890457/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2013_Journal.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32890457/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32890457/2013_Journal-libre.pdf?1391650146=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DControl_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=E5miKarJd2BzToBFXawMTXM2~cbR7xg0W~fDWr~uxbABMN6FNiaseDlTxS6cjt91844YpwD1ZoWEWUMMRAwkvoSHqBR14A5YvSXAep14kd-dF5x1-IiemZEE1TJMM1gvMwYAzO6B3dT9S~SVb0zoa8o~d~jkKL47MFgKNX1dwPKQ7jexdSnoxxzow9D8X3Hq~IuEBifVtx3U-L9fhJQVqNrgtBGjW6Sy1TKcEWvSaamDQfM~MYvm7YYewfiAyiayBRBt2COxuLUgYOXbhk0EJkEQmyLV5bZGDnvB8XiZZwBIvLASIjwj6MmLCw9fbJBQIICaFgzF2vWQkXK~Ny0izA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their_Votes_Pins_and_Prophylactics_Tell_the_Suffragette_Story","translated_slug":"","page_count":161,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":5658996,"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gibson","page_name":"RebeccaGibson","domain_name":"american","created_at":"2013-09-20T08:56:59.215-07:00","display_name":"Rebecca Gibson","url":"https://american.academia.edu/RebeccaGibson"},"attachments":[{"id":32890457,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32890457/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2013_Journal.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32890457/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32890457/2013_Journal-libre.pdf?1391650146=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DControl_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=E5miKarJd2BzToBFXawMTXM2~cbR7xg0W~fDWr~uxbABMN6FNiaseDlTxS6cjt91844YpwD1ZoWEWUMMRAwkvoSHqBR14A5YvSXAep14kd-dF5x1-IiemZEE1TJMM1gvMwYAzO6B3dT9S~SVb0zoa8o~d~jkKL47MFgKNX1dwPKQ7jexdSnoxxzow9D8X3Hq~IuEBifVtx3U-L9fhJQVqNrgtBGjW6Sy1TKcEWvSaamDQfM~MYvm7YYewfiAyiayBRBt2COxuLUgYOXbhk0EJkEQmyLV5bZGDnvB8XiZZwBIvLASIjwj6MmLCw9fbJBQIICaFgzF2vWQkXK~Ny0izA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-5907656-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37321738"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321738/Finding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non_Destructive_Protocol_for_Absorbed_Residue_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Finding Food While Protecting Pots: A Non-Destructive Protocol for Absorbed Residue Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278935/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321738/Finding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non_Destructive_Protocol_for_Absorbed_Residue_Analysis">Finding Food While Protecting Pots: A Non-Destructive Protocol for Absorbed Residue Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Archaeometry</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The technique of absorbed residue analysis is now used in archaeology to extract and identify foo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The technique of absorbed residue analysis is now used in archaeology to extract and identify food compounds from pottery sherds in order to reconstruct the diet of people in the past.  Often, this method can be used to decribe particular species of plants or animals processed within the vessel due to the recovery of their specific biomarkers even after hundreds of years of burial.  The analytical procedure, however, has involved irrevocably destroying at least small samples of the ceramic material.  Therefore museum pieces, complete vessels, or irreplaceable sherds are poor choices for this technique.  This study developed and tested an alternative protocol that would be able to remove organic compounds from within pottery sherds without causing any detectable damage.  The new technique was successfully tested on a small number of ceramic fragments from in and around the site of La Isabela in the Dominican Republic, the first European town in the New World.  The protocol yeilded similar results to the standard method of residue extraction, and can be utilized on many different types of ceramic vessels.  This new method will be of considerable benefit to researchers seeking to gather data concerning subsistence patterns and the use of organic material by early people while doing the least harm to valuable artifacts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f4d174c683d7395d29908d0bcd73b13f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57278935,"asset_id":37321738,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278935/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37321738"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37321738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321738; 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Often, this method can be used to decribe particular species of plants or animals processed within the vessel due to the recovery of their specific biomarkers even after hundreds of years of burial. The analytical procedure, however, has involved irrevocably destroying at least small samples of the ceramic material. Therefore museum pieces, complete vessels, or irreplaceable sherds are poor choices for this technique. This study developed and tested an alternative protocol that would be able to remove organic compounds from within pottery sherds without causing any detectable damage. The new technique was successfully tested on a small number of ceramic fragments from in and around the site of La Isabela in the Dominican Republic, the first European town in the New World. The protocol yeilded similar results to the standard method of residue extraction, and can be utilized on many different types of ceramic vessels. 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Therefore museum pieces, complete vessels, or irreplaceable sherds are poor choices for this technique. This study developed and tested an alternative protocol that would be able to remove organic compounds from within pottery sherds without causing any detectable damage. The new technique was successfully tested on a small number of ceramic fragments from in and around the site of La Isabela in the Dominican Republic, the first European town in the New World. The protocol yeilded similar results to the standard method of residue extraction, and can be utilized on many different types of ceramic vessels. 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Yet sailors often complained of hunger and even starvation. The historical texts, indirectly supported by a lack of faunal and floral remains in the archaeological record, suggest the Europeans refused to eat the same foods that sustained the Taínos. Recent evidence collected from domestic vessels, however, tells a different story. Fatty acids and other organic molecules preserved within the walls of cooking pots show how the subsistence patterns of both cultures were rapidly and significantly influenced by their contact. The foods eaten by the Europeans were much the same as those in a typical Taíno meal, and the Taíno integrated at least one Old World resource into their own diets. This previously unknown interchange of foodways results in a revision of our understanding about the behaviors of colonizing and colonized peoples. Résumé: Bien que les documents historiques témoignent de l'abondance de ressources vivrières découvertes dans le Nouveau Monde, les colons, eux, se plaignaient de la faim qui ravageait. Les quelques restes/vestiges végétaux et animaux qui ont été préservés amènent à soupçonner que les Européens refusaient de manger la même nourriture que les indigènes. Cependant, les indices collectes des pots céramiques racontent une histoire différente. Les molécules organiques préservées dans les pots de cuisine montrent que les habitudes culinaires des deux cultures se sont influencées mutuellement à leur contact. La nourriture des Européens était la même que la nourriture typiquement Taino, et les Taino ont emprunte au moins une recette de l'Ancien Monde. Cet échange de nourriture qui n'était pas connue jusqu'ici met en question notre compréhension des comportements des colons et des peuples colonisés. Resumen: Mientras que los documentos históricos celebran la cantidad de los primeros recursos de alimento encontrados en el nuevo mundo, los colonos se quejaron del hambre. Los pocos restos de animales y plantas sugieren que los europeos rechazaban comer los mismos alimentos que comía la gente local. La evidencia reciente recogida de los platos de cerámica domésticos cuenta una diversa historia. Las moléculas orgánicas preservadas en dichos platos de demuestran que los patrones dietéticos de ambas culturas fueron influenciadas enormemente por su contacto. Los alimentos comidos por los europeos eran muy parecidos a los de una comida típica de los taínos, y los taínos agregaron rápidamente por lo menos un recurso del Viejo Mundo en sus propias comidas. Este intercambio previamente desconocido de alimentos revisa nuestra comprensión de los comportamientos de la colonización y de la gente colonizada.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="37899c06caa8e77e9c92f36407f7211d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57279029,"asset_id":37321822,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57279029/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37321822"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37321822"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321822; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37321822]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37321822]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321822; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37321822']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "37899c06caa8e77e9c92f36407f7211d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37321822]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37321822,"title":"Food Choices at First Contact: Testing the Colombian Exchange in Hispaniola","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The chroniclers of the European exploration of the Greater Antilles lauded the abundance of edible resources they encountered. Yet sailors often complained of hunger and even starvation. The historical texts, indirectly supported by a lack of faunal and floral remains in the archaeological record, suggest the Europeans refused to eat the same foods that sustained the Taínos. Recent evidence collected from domestic vessels, however, tells a different story. Fatty acids and other organic molecules preserved within the walls of cooking pots show how the subsistence patterns of both cultures were rapidly and significantly influenced by their contact. The foods eaten by the Europeans were much the same as those in a typical Taíno meal, and the Taíno integrated at least one Old World resource into their own diets. This previously unknown interchange of foodways results in a revision of our understanding about the behaviors of colonizing and colonized peoples. Résumé: Bien que les documents historiques témoignent de l'abondance de ressources vivrières découvertes dans le Nouveau Monde, les colons, eux, se plaignaient de la faim qui ravageait. Les quelques restes/vestiges végétaux et animaux qui ont été préservés amènent à soupçonner que les Européens refusaient de manger la même nourriture que les indigènes. Cependant, les indices collectes des pots céramiques racontent une histoire différente. Les molécules organiques préservées dans les pots de cuisine montrent que les habitudes culinaires des deux cultures se sont influencées mutuellement à leur contact. La nourriture des Européens était la même que la nourriture typiquement Taino, et les Taino ont emprunte au moins une recette de l'Ancien Monde. Cet échange de nourriture qui n'était pas connue jusqu'ici met en question notre compréhension des comportements des colons et des peuples colonisés. Resumen: Mientras que los documentos históricos celebran la cantidad de los primeros recursos de alimento encontrados en el nuevo mundo, los colonos se quejaron del hambre. Los pocos restos de animales y plantas sugieren que los europeos rechazaban comer los mismos alimentos que comía la gente local. La evidencia reciente recogida de los platos de cerámica domésticos cuenta una diversa historia. Las moléculas orgánicas preservadas en dichos platos de demuestran que los patrones dietéticos de ambas culturas fueron influenciadas enormemente por su contacto. Los alimentos comidos por los europeos eran muy parecidos a los de una comida típica de los taínos, y los taínos agregaron rápidamente por lo menos un recurso del Viejo Mundo en sus propias comidas. Este intercambio previamente desconocido de alimentos revisa nuestra comprensión de los comportamientos de la colonización y de la gente colonizada.","ai_title_tag":"Food Interchange in the Colombian Exchange","page_numbers":"767-775","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the Twenty-third Congress of the International Association for Caribbean Archaeology"},"translated_abstract":"The chroniclers of the European exploration of the Greater Antilles lauded the abundance of edible resources they encountered. Yet sailors often complained of hunger and even starvation. The historical texts, indirectly supported by a lack of faunal and floral remains in the archaeological record, suggest the Europeans refused to eat the same foods that sustained the Taínos. Recent evidence collected from domestic vessels, however, tells a different story. Fatty acids and other organic molecules preserved within the walls of cooking pots show how the subsistence patterns of both cultures were rapidly and significantly influenced by their contact. The foods eaten by the Europeans were much the same as those in a typical Taíno meal, and the Taíno integrated at least one Old World resource into their own diets. This previously unknown interchange of foodways results in a revision of our understanding about the behaviors of colonizing and colonized peoples. Résumé: Bien que les documents historiques témoignent de l'abondance de ressources vivrières découvertes dans le Nouveau Monde, les colons, eux, se plaignaient de la faim qui ravageait. Les quelques restes/vestiges végétaux et animaux qui ont été préservés amènent à soupçonner que les Européens refusaient de manger la même nourriture que les indigènes. Cependant, les indices collectes des pots céramiques racontent une histoire différente. Les molécules organiques préservées dans les pots de cuisine montrent que les habitudes culinaires des deux cultures se sont influencées mutuellement à leur contact. La nourriture des Européens était la même que la nourriture typiquement Taino, et les Taino ont emprunte au moins une recette de l'Ancien Monde. Cet échange de nourriture qui n'était pas connue jusqu'ici met en question notre compréhension des comportements des colons et des peuples colonisés. Resumen: Mientras que los documentos históricos celebran la cantidad de los primeros recursos de alimento encontrados en el nuevo mundo, los colonos se quejaron del hambre. Los pocos restos de animales y plantas sugieren que los europeos rechazaban comer los mismos alimentos que comía la gente local. La evidencia reciente recogida de los platos de cerámica domésticos cuenta una diversa historia. Las moléculas orgánicas preservadas en dichos platos de demuestran que los patrones dietéticos de ambas culturas fueron influenciadas enormemente por su contacto. Los alimentos comidos por los europeos eran muy parecidos a los de una comida típica de los taínos, y los taínos agregaron rápidamente por lo menos un recurso del Viejo Mundo en sus propias comidas. Este intercambio previamente desconocido de alimentos revisa nuestra comprensión de los comportamientos de la colonización y de la gente colonizada.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37321822/Food_Choices_at_First_Contact_Testing_the_Colombian_Exchange_in_Hispaniola","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-08-31T07:59:46.769-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57279029,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57279029/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IACA_2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57279029/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Food_Choices_at_First_Contact_Testing_th.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57279029/IACA_2011-libre.pdf?1535727878=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFood_Choices_at_First_Contact_Testing_th.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578626\u0026Signature=BAjMkWV4aBGe2lyBTAiqUiSs6OEFTO4Wb7afC1mMiX3DdSZQ-9TFwqWJwIueg6bNa15oQP8p-VbQGgpzBAeTE~MQ6nzsfVDx1mSMDDR30HCGEQLxdzjj0G0c4yWzmrAk3VtEmZCwSVuf0hX0M3GsFSStUtTjbZZ5ff7OCXnaxEkR5GZJbhLizr4G96ExYi22xcEKzHBknCVgRjJguqpezQ6~5~w2xfgBCfLkPvxcgZaVE-9Wudtk4JEY3oiwBo26wfu4YIbU3vv~rydDoAcpEgkMC687lBI83fr60gQKw42~koNdGgeptI~wa2fKGNfg3Zogn1H2stUKUoNL-DX3GQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Food_Choices_at_First_Contact_Testing_the_Colombian_Exchange_in_Hispaniola","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The chroniclers of the European exploration of the Greater Antilles lauded the abundance of edible resources they encountered. Yet sailors often complained of hunger and even starvation. The historical texts, indirectly supported by a lack of faunal and floral remains in the archaeological record, suggest the Europeans refused to eat the same foods that sustained the Taínos. Recent evidence collected from domestic vessels, however, tells a different story. Fatty acids and other organic molecules preserved within the walls of cooking pots show how the subsistence patterns of both cultures were rapidly and significantly influenced by their contact. The foods eaten by the Europeans were much the same as those in a typical Taíno meal, and the Taíno integrated at least one Old World resource into their own diets. This previously unknown interchange of foodways results in a revision of our understanding about the behaviors of colonizing and colonized peoples. Résumé: Bien que les documents historiques témoignent de l'abondance de ressources vivrières découvertes dans le Nouveau Monde, les colons, eux, se plaignaient de la faim qui ravageait. Les quelques restes/vestiges végétaux et animaux qui ont été préservés amènent à soupçonner que les Européens refusaient de manger la même nourriture que les indigènes. Cependant, les indices collectes des pots céramiques racontent une histoire différente. Les molécules organiques préservées dans les pots de cuisine montrent que les habitudes culinaires des deux cultures se sont influencées mutuellement à leur contact. La nourriture des Européens était la même que la nourriture typiquement Taino, et les Taino ont emprunte au moins une recette de l'Ancien Monde. Cet échange de nourriture qui n'était pas connue jusqu'ici met en question notre compréhension des comportements des colons et des peuples colonisés. Resumen: Mientras que los documentos históricos celebran la cantidad de los primeros recursos de alimento encontrados en el nuevo mundo, los colonos se quejaron del hambre. Los pocos restos de animales y plantas sugieren que los europeos rechazaban comer los mismos alimentos que comía la gente local. La evidencia reciente recogida de los platos de cerámica domésticos cuenta una diversa historia. Las moléculas orgánicas preservadas en dichos platos de demuestran que los patrones dietéticos de ambas culturas fueron influenciadas enormemente por su contacto. Los alimentos comidos por los europeos eran muy parecidos a los de una comida típica de los taínos, y los taínos agregaron rápidamente por lo menos un recurso del Viejo Mundo en sus propias comidas. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-79675917-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78638252"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/78638252/Finding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non_Destructive_Protocol_for_Absorbed_Residue_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Finding Food While Protecting Pots: A Non-Destructive Protocol for Absorbed Residue Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/85616979/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/78638252/Finding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non_Destructive_Protocol_for_Absorbed_Residue_Analysis">Finding Food While Protecting Pots: A Non-Destructive Protocol for Absorbed Residue Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Archaeometry, 13th - 16th May 2008, Siena, Italy</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b7679fcefa7e6b9646433ea6d7c1b90d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":85616979,"asset_id":78638252,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85616979/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78638252"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78638252"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78638252; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-78638252-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78638251"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78638251/New_Perspectives_on_Migration_and_Culture_Change"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of New Perspectives on Migration and Culture Change" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">New Perspectives on Migration and Culture Change</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">individual to the world capitalist system, charting a cautiously optimistic course with a sober t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">individual to the world capitalist system, charting a cautiously optimistic course with a sober tone. Most important, it avoids the neotraditionalist romanticism, the unrealistic desire for a meditative village retreat, that bedevils so much of the voluntary-simplicity movement. Along with its companion volume, Confronting Consumption (2002), which Princen edited with colleagues Michael Maniates and Ken Conca, it provides a starting place for social scientists to begin thinking about how to use what we have learned to face the challenge of building a more sustainable future. Now, perhaps, anthropologists will use their impressive skills and knowledge to take the next step.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78638251"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78638251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78638251; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78638251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78638251]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78638251; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78638251']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78638251]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78638251,"title":"New Perspectives on Migration and Culture Change","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"individual to the world capitalist system, charting a cautiously optimistic course with a sober tone. 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Along with its companion volume, Confronting Consumption (2002), which Princen edited with colleagues Michael Maniates and Ken Conca, it provides a starting place for social scientists to begin thinking about how to use what we have learned to face the challenge of building a more sustainable future. Now, perhaps, anthropologists will use their impressive skills and knowledge to take the next step.","owner":{"id":10183,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"VanderVeen","page_name":"JayVanderVeen","domain_name":"iusb","created_at":"2008-10-23T10:17:47.235-07:00","display_name":"James M VanderVeen","url":"https://iusb.academia.edu/JayVanderVeen"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-78638251-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78638250"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78638250/People_Pots_and_Prosperity_The_Ceramic_Value_Index_and_an_Assumption_of_Economic_Class"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of People, Pots, and Prosperity: The Ceramic Value Index and an Assumption of Economic Class" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">People, Pots, and Prosperity: The Ceramic Value Index and an Assumption of Economic Class</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The ceramic value index is a powerful empirical tool used in historical archaeology to assess the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The ceramic value index is a powerful empirical tool used in historical archaeology to assess the required economic access necessary for a family or individual to accumulate specific household goods. The focus of this method is primarily on the status of the artifact assemblage itself, however, and not the people who acquired the objects. Since this measure of socioeconomic status is quantified only through the pottery used by the site occupants, it may not take into account the various perspectives of the occupants have towards their domestic vessels, nor does it consider the wider social context of the study area. Although the formula has been used extensively in historic archaeology, this has been done without significant critique. Sites from 19th-century Indiana are used here as examples of the potential successes and failures of a formula built on the assumption that consumers utilize archaeological objects for all the same reasons.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78638250"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78638250"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78638250; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78638250]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78638250]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78638250; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78638250']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78638250]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78638250,"title":"People, Pots, and Prosperity: The Ceramic Value Index and an Assumption of Economic Class","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The ceramic value index is a powerful empirical tool used in historical archaeology to assess the required economic access necessary for a family or individual to accumulate specific household goods. 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Sites from 19th-century Indiana are used here as examples of the potential successes and failures of a formula built on the assumption that consumers utilize archaeological objects for all the same reasons.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78638250/People_Pots_and_Prosperity_The_Ceramic_Value_Index_and_an_Assumption_of_Economic_Class","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-05-06T18:12:52.349-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"People_Pots_and_Prosperity_The_Ceramic_Value_Index_and_an_Assumption_of_Economic_Class","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The ceramic value index is a powerful empirical tool used in historical archaeology to assess the required economic access necessary for a family or individual to accumulate specific household goods. The focus of this method is primarily on the status of the artifact assemblage itself, however, and not the people who acquired the objects. Since this measure of socioeconomic status is quantified only through the pottery used by the site occupants, it may not take into account the various perspectives of the occupants have towards their domestic vessels, nor does it consider the wider social context of the study area. Although the formula has been used extensively in historic archaeology, this has been done without significant critique. Sites from 19th-century Indiana are used here as examples of the potential successes and failures of a formula built on the assumption that consumers utilize archaeological objects for all the same reasons.","owner":{"id":10183,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"VanderVeen","page_name":"JayVanderVeen","domain_name":"iusb","created_at":"2008-10-23T10:17:47.235-07:00","display_name":"James M VanderVeen","url":"https://iusb.academia.edu/JayVanderVeen"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology"},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies"},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class"},{"id":383579,"name":"Prosperity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prosperity"},{"id":649066,"name":"Ceramic Analysis Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramic_Analysis_Archaeology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-78638250-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78638249"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78638249/Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through_a_Technology_Enabled_Active_Learning_Anthropology_Curriculum"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title">Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum</div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Promoting Global Literacy Skills through Technology-Infused Teaching and Learning</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and unive...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and university educators face daunting tasks to help their students develop competencies with both human and machine attributes of the modern world. This chapter presents the historical foundations, the pedagogical theoretical underpinnings, and illustrative examples from the implementation of a curriculum of technology-enabled active learning within the undergraduate anthropology program at a moderately sized, commuter campus in the Midwestern United States. Technology-enabled active learning has demonstrably improved the experience of undergraduate students who enroll in anthropology classes as majors, minors, or general education students by affording them new abilities, including the recognition of global information resources, the contextualization of their education in spatiotemporal terms, the development of an understanding of sociocultural and politico-economic connective webs, and the s...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="78638249"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78638249"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78638249; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78638249]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78638249]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78638249; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78638249']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=78638249]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":78638249,"title":"Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and university educators face daunting tasks to help their students develop competencies with both human and machine attributes of the modern world. 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78638224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78638224]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78638224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='78638224']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-78638224-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="74686094"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/74686094/Compositional_Analysis_of_Ceramics_from_la_Aleta_Dominican_Republic"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Compositional Analysis of Ceramics from la Aleta, Dominican Republic" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83612769/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/74686094/Compositional_Analysis_of_Ceramics_from_la_Aleta_Dominican_Republic">Compositional Analysis of Ceramics from la Aleta, Dominican Republic</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Caribbean …</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">is a major Taíno site that we believe served as a regional ceremonial center. The site's features...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">is a major Taíno site that we believe served as a regional ceremonial center. The site's features include a flooded sinkhole and four stone-lined plazas similar to contact-period plazas used for ball games and dances. This paper uses data derived from instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of ceramics from the sinkhole and plazas to evaluate hypotheses about La Aleta's importance and internal organization. The INAA data are not inconsistent with the interpretation that La Aleta served a regional, rather than local, population, but the results to date are probably best described as equivocal. The data do not support the hypothesis that each of the four plazas was used by people from a different locality. Instead, the data are more consistent with alternative hypotheses about the use of the plazas and/or the manufacture of the ceramics found therein.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2c697125d83a153ac1801dc3606d6cb1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83612769,"asset_id":74686094,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83612769/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74686094"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74686094"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74686094; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74686094]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74686094]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74686094; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='74686094']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2c697125d83a153ac1801dc3606d6cb1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=74686094]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":74686094,"title":"Compositional Analysis of Ceramics from la Aleta, Dominican Republic","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"dialnet.unirioja.es","ai_title_tag":"Ceramic Analysis at La Aleta, Dominican Republic","grobid_abstract":"is a major Taíno site that we believe served as a regional ceremonial center. 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The site's features include a flooded sinkhole and four stone-lined plazas similar to contact-period plazas used for ball games and dances. This paper uses data derived from instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of ceramics from the sinkhole and plazas to evaluate hypotheses about La Aleta's importance and internal organization. The INAA data are not inconsistent with the interpretation that La Aleta served a regional, rather than local, population, but the results to date are probably best described as equivocal. The data do not support the hypothesis that each of the four plazas was used by people from a different locality. 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" This article narrates the history ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sometimes, archaeology illuminates the history of " big men. " This article narrates the history through archaeological investigation of one city corner in South Bend, Indiana, and the contribution of the businesses that occupied it in the city's most formative years. Manufacturing successes within South Bend such as the Oliver Plow Works, and Studebaker, are well known and researched. What is less well known are the supporting businesses and people that made up the representative sample of this influential city. This article sheds light on the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses it housed, supported by extensive archival research, and recovered artifacts. A humble tinsmith became the proprietor of the area's largest hardware and lumberyards. A German immigrant and his friend established one of the area's largest and longest-running grocery stores that would propel both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests, forming a neighborhood.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-37321495-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-37321495-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896860/figure-1-sometimes-the-lives-of-the-everyday-people-can-be"><img alt="Sometimes the lives of the everyday people can be erased in addition to being ignored. This seems to be the case at one city corner in South Bend, Indiana. During archaeological excavation conducted by IU South Bend in the summer of 2015 at site 12-Sj-0497 (see Figure 1). it was found that buildings in an entire block were razed in a very short window of time (Finnigan and VanderVeen 2016). In the attempt to flatten part of a neighborhood, the contributions of the businesses that occupied it were at risk of being lost forever. Without their buildings, and the potential for the resulting loss of artifacts, these people who were not as distinguished in the business and civic fields were all but removed from the archaeological record. Little evidence existed of the supporting businesses and business people that made up the representative sample of a city. This article investigates the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses that the missing neighborhood housed, supported by extensive archival research and recovered artifacts. As it turns out, a German immigrant and his friend established one of the area’s largest, and longest-running grocery stores that would prope! both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests forming a vibrant if short-lived neighborhood. The West Washington neighborhood was one of gaslights and trolley cars, nouveau-rich, and the fruits of American industrial expansion in the early 1900s. The mansions and extant structures in the district are recognized on the National Register of Historic Places. Contributions from the wealthy helped build opera houses and churches, but it was the corner businessmen that formed the heart and soul of South Bend. Figure 1. Detail of South Bend West, Ind. 1:24000 topographic map, showing Section 11. Site 12-Sj-0497, highlighted here with a triangle, is on the northwest corner of La Porte Ave and West Washington Street (not labeled). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896871/figure-2-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896883/figure-3-the-oliver-family-house-called-copshaholm"><img alt="Figure 3. The Oliver family house, called ““Copshaholm.” (Photograph by author VanderVeen.) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896892/figure-4-details-of-fire-insurance-maps-sanborn-map-and"><img alt="Figure 4. Details of fire insurance maps (Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1875-1949) showing the property at the corner of LaPorte and Washington in 1891 (above) and 1917 (below). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896902/figure-5-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896914/figure-6-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896923/figure-5-detail-from-drawing-of-metal-ring-and-chain-link"><img alt="Figure 5. Detail from a drawing of metal ring and chain link from Unit D, approximately 120-130 cm below surface. The ring ends in a threaded rod and nut (too corroded to photograph well) and any remaining chain links were absent. (Drawing by author VanderVeen.) This story cannot be verified, but it seems that Frank Baker, and to a greater degree, Solomon Fox, had an expansive and powerful network of business associates. Later ventures indicate that Fox had acquired an admirable reputation, and he was considered quite trustworthy. Archaeological evidence of the safe is inconclusive, but a large D-shaped handle was found with a heavy bolt protruding from the bottom of it (Figure 5). A large nut was screwed onto the distal aspect of the bolt, and if it had been tightened with the bolt running through something, it would nave left a large amount of space for a thick timber or support beam. A small section of chain with incredibly thick links was attached to the D-ring, suggesting something very large and valuable was chained and bolted to something else quite substantive. This D-ring was found where the back left corner of the store would have been, very near an area where we found direct svidence of an incinerator that was well-used. In fact, the incinerator may be related to the adjacent smokehouse, tying the many uses of buildings on the block together. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896930/figure-8-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278703/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/30896938/figure-7-tin-spoon-excavated-from-unit-cm-below-surface"><img alt="Figure 7. Tin spoon excavated from Unit G, 20-30 cm below surface. (Photograph by author VanderVeen.) 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Elite families blended interests, forming a neighborhood.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37321495/A_MISPLACED_NEIGHBORHOOD_INVESTIGATING_THE_PEOPLE_AND_STRUCTURES_MISSING_FROM_THE_WEST_WASHINGTON_DISTRICT_SOUTH_BEND_INDIANA","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-08-31T06:52:42.900-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":31841082,"work_id":37321495,"tagging_user_id":10183,"tagged_user_id":62809581,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***1@nd.edu","affiliation":"University of Notre Dame","display_order":1,"name":"Lauren Finnigan","title":"A MISPLACED NEIGHBORHOOD: INVESTIGATING THE PEOPLE AND STRUCTURES MISSING FROM THE WEST WASHINGTON DISTRICT, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57278703,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278703/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278703/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_MISPLACED_NEIGHBORHOOD_INVESTIGATING_T.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57278703/IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2-libre.pdf?1535723989=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_MISPLACED_NEIGHBORHOOD_INVESTIGATING_T.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=QOhvZXY1zryADwdeJNIJ8xVMtA1F56533xgnPrGgedbGUlOV7yUA0QjiRAPHdpm5lKWzvPrmj3QF898jzWI~~4idJzZeuTM63OmaMAIl1Q3ELoFxnh9g8t6qn5VI6Imr9-manVOeRlFgf6-INfCxyZU7fbVAxG4O0EHtmbhNr2NZb00zYGUtuBBRlPS~BG1rMbuA40mucJ6BIBrXiF2h0-xDi2cH18i93d7yLwGSq-eswD9PmkWDPcIbi1erTSrM0nJq86Mq70tEzAko91-bJQoxggF6XFudL9ZkuSqbwAej3lSNW3q0FuUlo3-hVzMod8rvrevYe8nKz8fwLDwidA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_MISPLACED_NEIGHBORHOOD_INVESTIGATING_THE_PEOPLE_AND_STRUCTURES_MISSING_FROM_THE_WEST_WASHINGTON_DISTRICT_SOUTH_BEND_INDIANA","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Sometimes, archaeology illuminates the history of \" big men. \" This article narrates the history through archaeological investigation of one city corner in South Bend, Indiana, and the contribution of the businesses that occupied it in the city's most formative years. 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Elite families blended interests, forming a neighborhood.","owner":{"id":10183,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"VanderVeen","page_name":"JayVanderVeen","domain_name":"iusb","created_at":"2008-10-23T10:17:47.235-07:00","display_name":"James M VanderVeen","url":"https://iusb.academia.edu/JayVanderVeen"},"attachments":[{"id":57278703,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278703/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278703/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_MISPLACED_NEIGHBORHOOD_INVESTIGATING_T.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57278703/IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2-libre.pdf?1535723989=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_MISPLACED_NEIGHBORHOOD_INVESTIGATING_T.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=QOhvZXY1zryADwdeJNIJ8xVMtA1F56533xgnPrGgedbGUlOV7yUA0QjiRAPHdpm5lKWzvPrmj3QF898jzWI~~4idJzZeuTM63OmaMAIl1Q3ELoFxnh9g8t6qn5VI6Imr9-manVOeRlFgf6-INfCxyZU7fbVAxG4O0EHtmbhNr2NZb00zYGUtuBBRlPS~BG1rMbuA40mucJ6BIBrXiF2h0-xDi2cH18i93d7yLwGSq-eswD9PmkWDPcIbi1erTSrM0nJq86Mq70tEzAko91-bJQoxggF6XFudL9ZkuSqbwAej3lSNW3q0FuUlo3-hVzMod8rvrevYe8nKz8fwLDwidA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology"},{"id":3183,"name":"Landscape Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Architecture"},{"id":7655,"name":"Architectural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architectural_History"},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class"}],"urls":[{"id":8576085,"url":"https://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/files/hp-2017_IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-37321495-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35496068"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35496068/A_Misplaced_Neighborhood_Investigating_the_People_and_Structures_Missing_From_the_West_Washington_District_South_Bend_Indiana"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Misplaced Neighborhood: Investigating the People and Structures Missing From the West Washington District, South Bend, Indiana." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55359237/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35496068/A_Misplaced_Neighborhood_Investigating_the_People_and_Structures_Missing_From_the_West_Washington_District_South_Bend_Indiana">A Misplaced Neighborhood: Investigating the People and Structures Missing From the West Washington District, South Bend, Indiana.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nd.academia.edu/LaurenFinnigan">Lauren Finnigan</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iusb.academia.edu/JayVanderVeen">James M VanderVeen</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Indiana Archaeology</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Sometimes, archaeology illuminates the history of “big men.” This article narrates the history th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Sometimes, archaeology illuminates the history of “big men.” This article narrates the history through archaeological investigation of one city corner in South Bend, Indiana, and the contribution of the businesses that occupied it in the city’s most formative years. Manufacturing successes within South Bend such as the Oliver Plow Works, and Studebaker, are well known and researched. What is less well known are the supporting businesses and people that made up the representative sample of this influential city. This article sheds light on the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses it housed, supported by extensive archival research, and recovered artifacts. A humble tinsmith became the proprietor of the area’s largest hardware and lumberyards. A German immigrant and his friend established one of the area’s largest and longest-running grocery stores that would propel both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests, forming a neighborhood.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-35496068-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-35496068-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662216/figure-1-indiana-department-of-natural-resources-division-of"><img alt="Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662225/figure-2-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662236/figure-3-mission-statement-the-division-of-historic"><img alt="Mission Statement: The Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology promotes the conservation of Indiana’s cultural resources through public education efforts, financial incentives including several grant and tax credit programs, and the administration of state and federally mandated legislation. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662248/figure-1-james-and-mary-anderson-property-in-an-atlas-of"><img alt="Figure 1. James V. and Mary Anderson property in An Atlas of Switzerland and Ohio Counties published in 1883 (Lake 1883). into individual farms. An 1883 plat map shows the house and barn’s location on the 159-acre property (Figure 1). The hay press barn investigated in this study is labeled a “Tobaccc Warehouse,” and the atlas lists Anderson’s position as a “Tobacco Dealer” (Lake 1883). The 1884 Indiana Gazetteer lists Anderson’s business focus as “tobacco and grain” (Polk & Co 1884). The 1860, 1870, and 1880 population census forms show Anderson (b. 1830 in Ohio) anc his wife Mary (b. 1837 in Indiana) residing in the house with their five daughters and three sons. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662253/figure-5-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662263/figure-3-plan-of-central-hall-house-illustration-by-pan"><img alt="Figure 3. Plan of a central-hall house. Illustration by Pan Jiang based on Roberts (1996:143). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662280/figure-4-north-and-west-facades-of-the-johnston-house"><img alt="Figure 4. North and west facades of the Johnston House looking southeast. Photo from ThinkGIS (2017) The timber constructed portion of the Johnston House is now nestled in a multi-roomed structure of presumably piecemeal additions. A one-and-one-half story kitchen and bedroom expansion has been added to the west wall of the log structure, and two one-story shed, bedroom additions are located on the south wall (Figures 4 and 5). A 1940s depiction of the house’s plan provided by the current owners shows an alternative location for the stairs, and oral history confirms the historic location of a fireplace on the east wall of the log structure (Figure 6). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662289/figure-8-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662293/figure-6-plan-of-anderson-house-in-the-based-on-the-oral"><img alt="Figure 6. Plan of Anderson House in the 1940s based on the 2016 oral history of Sonny Reed and a 2016 sketch of the house. Illustration by Pan Jiang. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662296/figure-7-anderson-barn-plan-with-dendroarchaeological-sample"><img alt="Figure 7. Anderson Barn plan with dendroarchaeological sample locations based on fieldwork completed in 2016. Refer to Table 3 for provenience of each sample. Illustration by Pan Jiang. A major goal of our research is to understand if regional farmers transformed an existing barn type to accommodate the beater press and its operations (for instance, the raised version of the English Barn), or if the form was an invention along with the press. As a potential “missing link,” Anderson’s barn is important to illustrating the barn type’s evolution because it has all the spatial forms and components of a Mormon Beater Hay Press Barn except for the timber bents and the space in between these bents that holds the press. To date, this is the only identified and documented example of this type of structure (Figures 7-11). A construction date established by tree-ring analysis allows this barn to be compared to other hay press barns by both form and time of construction. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662298/figure-11-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662301/figure-12-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662303/figure-13-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662305/figure-11-anderson-barn-interior-showing-timber-construction"><img alt="Figure 11. Anderson barn interior showing timber construction typical to hay press barns: stone foundation, horizontal sill with a shiplap connection, and a vertical post. Photo courtesy of Christopher Baas. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662311/figure-12-core-samples-were-obtained-using-drill-and-dry"><img alt="Figure 12. Core samples were obtained using a drill and dry wood boring bit. Photo courtesy of Christopher Baas. the samples’ tree-ring series are considered floating since individual rings were simply assigned years and not calendar dates. Assignment of calendar dates to individual rings was performed by crossdating the samples taken from a structure to regional tree-ring chronologies (series of accurately dated and measured tree rings compiled from studying living trees or other historically erected buildings). Crossdating is a method of pattern matching that utilizes the pattern of small and large rings in tree-ring series with known dates to samples of unknown age. Crossdating was performed using graphical methods (skeleton plots) and with a computer once each of the tree rings was measured to the nearest 0.01 mm (0.0004 in). A more detailed explanation of methodology (and pertinent references) can be found in Baas’ and Rubino’s (2012:42-47) successful dating of a Switzerland County barn and Community House No.2 in New Harmony (2013:13-20) previously published in Indiana Archaeology. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662314/figure-16-the-likely-construction-date-of-building-can-be"><img alt="The likely construction date of a building can be determined if numerous timbers from throughout a structure share a common (or comparable) death or harvest date. The outermost ring in a timber can be considered a tree’s death date if bark or wane is present, since the ring would have been the last formed growth increment prior to death. Wane is identified by a uniform, rounded outer timber surface that is free of any tool marks; it is simply the outermost ring that was adjacent to the bark. Bark is often stripped prior to construction or sloughs off over time or from handling during construction. Since the main goal of this investigation was to determine the construction date of the house and barn, sampling focused on timbers that either had a bark or wane edge. Additionally, sampling was performed throughout each of the buildings (i.e., cellar, main floor, etc.) so that original timbers and subsequent additions could be accurately identified and dated. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662319/figure-14-mean-annual-growth-of-ash-white-oak-and-black"><img alt="Figure 14. Mean annual growth of ash, white oak, and black walnut samples obtained from the Anderson barn and the Johnston house. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662321/figure-15-anderson-house-corner-notch-located-in-the-roof"><img alt="Figure 15. Anderson house corner V-notch located in the roof space over the porch of the original log structure. Photo courtesy of Christopher Baas. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662324/figure-16-anderson-house-stone-chinking-located-in-the-roof"><img alt="Figure 16. Anderson house stone chinking located in the roof space over the porch. Photo courtesy of Christopher Baas. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662330/figure-20-portion-of-the-east-village-and-mound-were"><img alt="portion of the East Village and Mound F were excavated. Eleven mounds (A-K) were identified, in addition to more than two kilometers of palisade walls extending around the site. There are two segments, an “outer” and an “inner” palisade, both of which include bastions (Black 1967; Krus et al. 2013). Houses were distributed within neighborhoods around the site, with the eastern village being the most populous (Peterson 2011). Radiometric dating, as compiled by Monaghan and Peebles (2010), suggests that the bases of the mounds were first constructed around A.D. 1100 and the site was abandoned by A.D. 1450. The East Village, the area of the site where the majority of the painted daub was found, had structures that date somewhat late in the site’s history with a mean range of A.D. 1281-1382 (Krus et al. 2013; Monaghan and Peebles 2010). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662339/figure-21-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662344/figure-22-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662353/figure-23-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662359/figure-5-piece-of-painted-daub-from-left-artifact"><img alt="Figure 5. A piece of painted daub from (left; Artifact association: W-10-D/17100) showing a similar motif to Angel Negative Painted Pottery (right) with the zig-zag, cross-in-circle, and line-filled triangle motifs. All artifacts curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and photographed by the author. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662364/figure-7-examples-of-painted-daub-where-negative-space-is"><img alt="Figure 7. Examples of painted daub where negative space is used as part of the design element. Artifacts curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and photographed by the author. (Artifact associations from left to right: W-10-D/16429, W-10-D/9015, W-10-D/16615). Figure 6. Painted daub with woven or layered designs from the East Village of the Angel Site (Artifact association: W-10- D/8680). Artifact curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and photographed by the author. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662370/figure-8-map-of-the-east-village-divisions-and-with-blocks"><img alt="Figure 8. Map of the East Village divisions W-10-C and W-10-D with blocks shaded yellow to indicate the areas where painted daub with circular motifs was recovered. Modified from maps curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology. myths and the four corners of the world, red, black, white, and blue also symbolize the four cardinal directions (Hall 1997; Hilgeman 2000). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662378/figure-9-examples-of-painted-daub-with-circular-motifs-in"><img alt="Figure 9. Examples of painted daub with circular motifs in black and grey, red and steel blue, as well as red and tan. Artifacts curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and photographed by the author. (Artifact associations from left to right: W-10-D/15415, W-10-D/16704, W-10-D/17100). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662385/figure-10-an-example-of-painted-daub-from-the-angel-site"><img alt="Figure 10. An example of painted daub from the Angel Site with a circular motif in black and steel blue with the original field specimen label and collection bag from 1946. Artifacts curated at the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology and photographed by the author. (Artifact association: W-10-D/15014). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662392/figure-29-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662399/figure-2-aerial-photograph-of-mound-following-the-removal-of"><img alt="Figure 2. Aerial photograph of Mound F following the removal of the secondary mound construction stage (Photo courtesy of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662402/figure-3-elemental-composition-of-copper-artifacts-from"><img alt="Figure 3. Elemental composition of copper artifacts from Albee (red) and Angel (blue). Two samples of copper (both housed in GBL collection) from secure archaeological contexts were analyzed using the XRF in order to provide an example of elements that should be present in native copper (Figure 3). A piece of copper from the Late Woodland (ca. A.D. 700-1200) Albee Mound (12Su1) and another from Angel were used. The sample from Albee is nearly pure copper—no other elemental spectra were visible. The sample from Angel is also primarily copper, with trace amounts of iron and calcium. This difference in the elemental composition of the two samples may be due to their particular source materials or due to the particulars of the soil geology at the different sites (1.e., the soils at Angel might have naturally occurring iron present). As noted earlier, archaeometric analyses of native copper have recorded trace amounts of lead; no lead is present in the Angel or Albee copper spectra. Zinc can be a trace element in copper, however, there is no zinc present in the spectra from the two archaeological copper samples. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662409/figure-32-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662411/figure-5-elemental-composition-of-burial-from-angel"><img alt="Figure 5. Elemental composition of Burial 23 from Angel. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662418/figure-6-elemental-composition-of-burial-from-angel"><img alt="Figure 6. Elemental composition of Burial 39 from Angel. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662420/figure-7-elemental-composition-of-burial-from-angel"><img alt="Figure 7. Elemental composition of Burial 45 from Angel. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662427/figure-1-overview-of-site-facing-northwest-photograph-by"><img alt="Figure 1. Overview of site 12P0340, facing northwest. Photograph by Mark Doperalski. The 2014 arc haeological investigation of site 12P0340 resulted in the identification of a very dense prehistoric period artifact scatter at this location. The artifact scatter was identified on a slight rise within an actively cultivated agricultural field (Figure 1). At the time of survey the site area exhibited remnant soybean detritus from the previous season that had been subsequently tilled under and subjected to a number of heavy precipitation events, allowing for conditions that presented 80 o 95 percent ground surface visibility. Due to the large size of the site area and high artifact density, survey along 10 meter (m) interval transects was conducted to establish an initial site boundary. Subsequently, survey along 5 m interval transects was conducted along the initial site boundary to refine and define the final site boundary presented herein. During the surface survey, collection of prehistoric-period artifacts was limited to those observed within ¢ one-half-meter wide swath along each 10 m interval transect due to the incredible density of the artifact scatter. A total of 463 prehistoric period artifacts were collected at the site during the surface survey. The collected artifacts represent approximately five percent of the total surface scatter. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662433/figure-2-chipped-stone-raw-material-type-by-percent-count"><img alt="Figure 2. Chipped stone raw material type by percent count and mass at 12P0340. Figure by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662446/figure-38-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662450/figure-3-projectile-points-identified-at-unclassified-point"><img alt="Figure 3. Projectile points identified at 12P0340: a) unclassified point, Wyandotte chert (PSF 9); b) c.f. Bakers Creek point, Burlington chert (PSF 22); and c) c.f. Bakers Creek point, Wyandotte chert (PSF 23). Photograph by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662457/figure-4-bladelets-identified-at-utilized-medial-blade"><img alt="Figure 4. Bladelets identified at 12P0340: a) utilized medial blade, Wyandotte chert (PSF432); b) utilized distal blade, Wyandotte chert (PSF 408); c) utilized medial blade, Wyandotte chert (PSF453); d) utilized proximal blade, Wyandotte chert (PSF 372); e) utilized medial blade, Flint Ridge chert (PSF 263); f) utilized medial blade, Burlington chert (PSF 314); g) utilized complete blade, Wyandotte chert (PSF 69). Photograph by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662462/figure-5-blade-cores-wyandotte-chert-and-burlington-chert"><img alt="Figure 5. Blade cores, Wyandotte chert and Burlington chert (PSF 250 & PSF 383) identified at 12P0340. Photograph by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662466/figure-6-ground-stone-tool-psf-identified-at-photograph-by"><img alt="Figure 6. Ground stone tool (PSF 2) identified at 12P0340. Photograph by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662475/figure-43-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662488/figure-8-ceramic-body-sherds-identified-at-plain-smoothed"><img alt="Figure 8. Ceramic body sherds identified at 12P0340: a) plain, smoothed-over surface treatment with grog, limestone-I and sand temper (PSF 331); b) cord-marked surface treatment with grog, limestone-o, and sand temper (PSF 134). Photograph by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662495/figure-1-sometimes-the-lives-of-the-everyday-people-can-be"><img alt="Sometimes the lives of the everyday people can be erased in addition to being ignored. This seems to be the case at one city corner in South Bend, Indiana. During archaeological excavation conducted by IU South Bend in the summer of 2015 at site 12-Sj-0497 (see Figure 1). it was found that buildings in an entire block were razed in a very short window of time (Finnigan and VanderVeen 2016). In the attempt to flatten part of a neighborhood, the contributions of the businesses that occupied it were at risk of being lost forever. Without their buildings, and the potential for the resulting loss of artifacts, these people who were not as distinguished in the business and civic fields were all but removed from the archaeological record. Little evidence existed of the supporting businesses and business people that made up the representative sample of a city. This article investigates the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses that the missing neighborhood housed, supported by extensive archival research and recovered artifacts. As it turns out, a German immigrant and his friend established one of the area’s largest, and longest-running grocery stores that would prope! both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests forming a vibrant if short-lived neighborhood. The West Washington neighborhood was one of gaslights and trolley cars, nouveau-rich, and the fruits of American industrial expansion in the early 1900s. The mansions and extant structures in the district are recognized on the National Register of Historic Places. Contributions from the wealthy helped build opera houses and churches, but it was the corner businessmen that formed the heart and soul of South Bend. Figure 1. Detail of South Bend West, Ind. 1:24000 topographic map, showing Section 11. Site 12-Sj-0497, highlighted here with a triangle, is on the northwest corner of La Porte Ave and West Washington Street (not labeled). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662505/figure-46-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662510/figure-3-the-oliver-family-house-called-copshaholm"><img alt="Figure 3. The Oliver family house, called ““Copshaholm.” (Photograph by author VanderVeen.) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662518/figure-4-details-of-fire-insurance-maps-sanborn-map-and"><img alt="Figure 4. Details of fire insurance maps (Sanborn Map and Publishing Company 1875-1949) showing the property at the corner of LaPorte and Washington in 1891 (above) and 1917 (below). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662524/figure-49-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662539/figure-50-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662549/figure-5-detail-from-drawing-of-metal-ring-and-chain-link"><img alt="Figure 5. Detail from a drawing of metal ring and chain link from Unit D, approximately 120-130 cm below surface. The ring ends in a threaded rod and nut (too corroded to photograph well) and any remaining chain links were absent. (Drawing by author VanderVeen.) This story cannot be verified, but it seems that Frank Baker, and to a greater degree, Solomon Fox, had an expansive and powerful network of business associates. Later ventures indicate that Fox had acquired an admirable reputation, and he was considered quite trustworthy. Archaeological evidence of the safe is inconclusive, but a large D-shaped handle was found with a heavy bolt protruding from the bottom of it (Figure 5). A large nut was screwed onto the distal aspect of the bolt, and if it had been tightened with the bolt running through something, it would nave left a large amount of space for a thick timber or support beam. A small section of chain with incredibly thick links was attached to the D-ring, suggesting something very large and valuable was chained and bolted to something else quite substantive. This D-ring was found where the back left corner of the store would have been, very near an area where we found direct svidence of an incinerator that was well-used. In fact, the incinerator may be related to the adjacent smokehouse, tying the many uses of buildings on the block together. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662560/figure-52-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662568/figure-7-tin-spoon-excavated-from-unit-cm-below-surface"><img alt="Figure 7. Tin spoon excavated from Unit G, 20-30 cm below surface. (Photograph by author VanderVeen.) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662581/figure-1-newton-county-within-the-state-of-indiana-based-on"><img alt="Figure 1. Newton County within the state of Indiana (based on Yellowmap World Atlas 2015). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662594/figure-2-chert-outcrop-locations-in-indiana-digitized-by"><img alt="Figure 2. Chert outcrop locations in Indiana (Digitized by Brad Painter from Cantin 2008). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662608/table-1-the-field-survey-recovered-prehistoric-artifacts"><img alt="The field survey recovered 55 prehistoric artifacts (1/16.4 acres) and 1,274 historic ar (1/0.71 acres; see Table 1 and Figure 3 - Figure 10). The majority of prehistoric artifac debitage functioned as expedient tools. Two of the seven formal lithic tools were ifacts Ss consist of lithic debitage. The edge modification of approximately 20 flakes indicates that those pieces projectile points dating to the Late Archaic period (Justice 2006:115-116, 119-121) (Tab e 1). Additionally, a blade-like flake may represent Middle Woodland period activity (Greber et al. 1981; Montet-White 1968). Other stone tools consisted of three expedient groundstone OO s, and flake tools. Historic artifacts included various types of ceramics, various colors and types of glass, metal objects, and brick fragments. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662618/figure-4-matanzas-side-notched-diagnostic-point-from-photo"><img alt="Figure 4. A Matanzas Side-Notched diagnostic point from 12-N-284 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662627/figure-5-an-unidentified-point-from-site-photo-by-felicia"><img alt="Figure 5. An unidentified point from site 12-N-273 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662632/figure-6-representative-historic-glass-artifacts-from-survey"><img alt="Figure 6. Representative historic glass artifacts from Survey Area 5 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662636/figure-60-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662647/figure-61-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662651/figure-62-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662658/figure-10-metal-cat-urine-recovered-from-in-survey-area"><img alt="Figure 10. Metal cat figurine recovered from 12-N-93 in Survey Area 5 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662660/figure-11-ceramics-from-the-carlson-collection-newton-county"><img alt="Figure 11. Ceramics from the Carlson Collection, Newton County Library, Morocco, Indiana (Photo by Erin A. Steinwachs, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662665/figure-1-jasper-county-has-an-area-of-acres-hectares"><img alt="Jasper County (Figure 1) has an area of 359,321 acres (145,412 hectares) (Smallwood and Osterholz 1990:1). For the proposed research, we targeted areas surrounding the Iroquois River in the southern half of the county, as well as locations that were noted in IPFW-AS’s FY2013 HPF Grant report (Smith and Sanchez 2013) to include historical churches or schoolhouses. Due to the lack of landowner permissions we did not survey any land parcels that included or were adjacent to churches or historic school houses in Jasper County. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662669/figure-2-indiana-chert-outcrop-locations-digitized-by-brad"><img alt="Figure 2. Indiana chert outcrop locations (Digitized by Brad Painter from Cantin 2008). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662676/figure-3-late-woodland-triangular-cluster-point-from-site-js"><img alt="Figure 3. Late Woodland Triangular Cluster point from site 12Js297 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662689/figure-5-part-of-raddatz-side-notched-point-diagnostic-from"><img alt="Figure 5. Part of a Raddatz Side Notched point diagnostic from site 12Js340 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662692/figure-4-part-of-jack-reef-pentagonal-point-diagnostic-from"><img alt="Figure 4. Part of a Jack's Reef Pentagonal point diagnostic from site 12Js340 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662695/figure-6-late-archaic-brewerton-side-notched-point-from-site"><img alt="Figure 6. Late Archaic Brewerton Side Notched point from site 12Js286 (Photo by Felicia Konrad, Ball State University). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662699/figure-71-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662704/figure-72-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662708/figure-9-portion-of-the-private-collection-documented-prior"><img alt="Figure 9. A portion of the private collection documented prior to examination. The collector was very interested in our survey and shared with us what information he could remember regarding the “best hunting grounds,” which undoubtedly correspond to archaeological sites. He had good recollection of s except for a few cases, did not recall which artifacts pecific areas where he had collected, but were collected from which locations. The collection areas (parcels) were identified and documented during the visit using three separate media (see Macleod et al. 2015:Appendix H). O her cultural resources were documented verbally. The notes of this meeting documented approximate site locations using landmarks and maps as well as artifacts and features associated with hose sites. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662714/figure-10-sample-of-the-prehistoric-ceramics-from-the"><img alt="Figure 10. A sample of the prehistoric ceramics from the private collection. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662724/figure-1-contained-in-the-site-records-is-therefore-of"><img alt="contained in the site records is therefore of variable reliability in regard to temporal associations based on projectile point and pottery styles, although most of these identifications were made by professional archaeologists after viewing private collections. For the purposes of this study, temporal affiliations listed in the SHAARD database were taken at face value, except where inconsistencies (e.g., data transcription errors) appeared. Figure 1. Location map of the Big Bend study area. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662733/figure-2-satellite-views-of-the-ohio-river-down-stream-from"><img alt="Figure 2. Satellite views of the Ohio River down-stream from Evansville, Indiana, captured by NASA’s Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper, reproduced under allowable fair use described in the copyright terms of The Watchers (2016). Typical conditions on April 14, 2010 (top), and during flooding on May 3, 2011 (bottom). The Big Bend stretch of the Ohio River valley has characteristics intermediate between hose of flat and convex floodplains. Specifically, it lacks cut-off meanders and oxbow lakes ypical of convex floodplains. Also, the valley profile in this area is not convex. However, the floodplain does contain gathering streams and, to some extent, Bayou Creek flows as a yazoo- ype stream parallel to the main axis of the valley. Also, while not particularly prominent, natural evees are present, as are long, narrow sloughs that serve as backswamps. Like flat floodplains, he entire valley bottom periodically receives deposits of flood-borne silts. This happened in April and May of 2011 when the Big Bend was completely inundated (Figure 2). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662736/figure-3-the-pattern-of-reported-sites-in-the-big-bend"><img alt="The pattern of reported sites in the Big Bend demonstrates that this surface was habitable during the Paleoindian Period (Figure 3). One of these sites produced a Clovis point; anothet reportedly produced an “unfluted Clovis” point base. Site 12Vg50 reportedly produced “Planc blades.” All of these sites are multicomponent, even site 12Vg289 where side-notched points anc a grooved axe were found, although the site form does not assign a cultural affiliation to these other items. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_077.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662740/figure-4-reported-early-archaic-and-middle-archaic-sites-in"><img alt="Reported Early Archaic and Middle Archaic sites in the Big Bend are restricted to the two terraces, with the exception of two anomalous sites reported to the south (Figure 4). Site 12Vg407 reportedly contains an Early Archaic component based on the presence of “serrated points.” Site 12Vg122 reportedly produced Early and Middle Archaic points of unspecified stylistic type. Both sites contain multiple later components, so it is entirely possible that later point types were mistaken for earlier ones. Given the characteristics of the floodplain ridges where these sites were reported, it seems unlikely that the sites are located on landforms that were once islands in the Ohio River paleochannel. The presence of Early and Middle Archaic components at these two sites needs to be confirmed, but that may not be possible since both reports are based on private collections that were examined at least 30 years ago and the current disposition of which are unknown. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_078.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662755/figure-79-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="Indiana Archaeology 12(2) 2017 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_079.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662763/figure-9-located-riverward-of-that-line-and-only-younger"><img alt="located riverward of that line and only younger sites (Late Woodland or Mississippian) should be found in a riverward position. This indeed appears to be the case (Figures 7 and 8). Locally, the Mississippian Period began around A.D. 1000, and another isochrone can be traced to depict that date (Figure 9). The section riverward of that line marks an area in which no prehistoric sites of Late Woodland age or older should be located (Figure 8). This is again supported by previously reported site data and our survey results. Soil data from our auger cores in this area also exhibited more sandy and stratified sediments, which is typical of very Late Holocene/Historic alluvium (Stafford 2004). Sere GOS DS tees SS eMee se RSS Sis Sees a a i SSS Sara CARS A complicating factor in the construction of isochrones is related to the development of mid-stream islands on the Ohio River channel. Because islands could have been habitable for hundreds of years before they became welded to much younger point bar formations, theit presence has the potential to create disjunctions in the reconstruction of channel shift rates. For the purposes of the land-use predictions presented here, the geomorphological context of any anomalously older prehistoric sites must be closely examined to determine if the setting is part of a former mid-channel island. Some auger core results from the central floodplain ridges show that soil horizon development was variable among floodplain ridges. More advanced soil horizonation may be an indicator for the presence of welded islands. There are also three reported sites with anomalous Archaic components, and the artifacts from these sites need to be " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_080.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662770/figure-7-indiana-archaeology-reported-middle-woodland-site"><img alt="Indiana Archaeology 12(2) 2017 Figure 7. Reported Middle Woodland site components (squares), edges of the High and Low Terraces, an isochrones in the Big Bend Study Area. [Editors’ note: Site location information is not shown in this figure i the public version of this electronic document. Qualified professional archaeologists may contact the DHP/ for access to this information for professional research purposes. ] " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_081.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662788/figure-82-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_082.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662798/figure-83-summary-in-general-the-rate-of-channel-migration"><img alt="Summary In general, the rate of channel migration in the Big Bend appears to have been fairly constant from Late Archaic times through the beginning of the historic period. The Ohio River channel migrated south toward Kentucky, reworking valley bottom sediments and destroying any prehistoric sites that might have been present on the south side of the river. The unidirectional channel shift created new land in its wake. That landscape became inhabited prehistorically and the patterning of dated sites confirms the ages of various sections of the ridge-and-swale topography in the Big Bend. jes ef iz es pe tag " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/figure_083.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662812/table-1-timber-types-analyzed-from-the-johnston-house-and"><img alt="Table 1. Timber types analyzed from the Johnston house and Anderson barn. More than one species of tree may be called by a single timber type because identification to the species level is not always possible for various timber types. A species is considered possible and is listed below if its natural distribution occurs in Switzerland County, Indiana. Species distributions are based on Jackson (2004); taxonomy and nomenclature follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991). Table 2. Chronologies (series of measured and dated tree rings) created from dendroarchaeological samples collected from the Johnston house and Anderson barn. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662825/table-2-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662836/table-3-series-data-for-each-of-the-samples-dated-from-the"><img alt="Table 3. Series data for each of the samples dated from the Anderson barn and Johnston house. “First” and “Jast’’ refer to the first and last years measured or present in a series. “Outer” refers to the outermost ring present in a sample; ‘“w” indicates the presence of wane, “‘b’’ indicates bark, “‘s’’ indicates several years of sapwood are present but bark and/or wane is absent thus the outermost date is near the death date of the tree, and “‘v’’ indicates the outermost ring is very near to the outermost ring present in the sample based on observations in the field (outer ring destroyed by sampling, beetle damage, etc.). See text for an explanation regarding the identification code of individual series obtained from a provenience. See Figures 5 and 7 for provenience location. All samples have been archived in the Hanover College botanical collection. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662847/table-4-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662859/table-4-series-and-segment-year-segments-overlapping-by"><img alt="Table 4. Series and segment (50-year segments overlapping by 25 years) correlation analysis and mean and standard deviation (mm) of each dated series from the Johnston house and Anderson barn. In each column headed by a set of dates the correlation coefficient found by correlating each of the series’ segments against all other series of that timber type is given. A correlation coefficient greater than 0.33 indicates a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01). “Series r-value” is the correlation coefficient obtained by correlating each individual series (in its entirety) against all other series for a particular timber type. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662867/table-6-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662879/table-5-correlation-results-of-year-segments-overlapping-by"><img alt="Table 5. Correlation results of 50-year segments (overlapping by 25 years) for the composite ash chronology compared to regional ash chronologies. Correlations are significant (P < 0.01) if the correlation coefficients are greater than 0.33. Parenthetical dates below each of the chronologies are the start and stop date of that chronology. The Thiebaud barn is a hay press barn located approximately 3 miles east of the Anderson farmstead. Table 6. Correlation results of 50-year segments (overlapping by 25 years) for the composite white oak chronology compared to regional white oak chronologies. Correlations are significant (P < 0.01) if the correlation coefficients are greater than 0.33. Parenthetical dates below each of the chronologies are the start and stop date of that chronology. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662888/table-7-correlation-results-of-year-segments-overlapping-by"><img alt="Table 7. Correlation results of 50-year segments (overlapping by 25 years) for the composite black walnut chronology compared to various regional chronologies. Correlations are significant (P < 0.01) if the correlation coefficients are greater than 0.33. Parenthetical dates below each of the chronologies are the start and stop date of that chronology. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662902/table-9-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662911/table-10-within-the-last-decade-the-development-of-porx-ray"><img alt="Within the last decade, the development of portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers has provided archaeologists with the means to bring elemental analysis to non- transportable or difficult-to-study archaeological materials (e.g., Shugar and Mass 2012; Tantrakarn et al. 2009:121). The XRF analyzer emits X-ray radiation, which excites the constituent elements in samples, producing fluorescent radiation. The reflection of the fluorescent energy is recorded. This non-destructive, handheld device has allowed for the in situ elemental analysis of materials found during excavations and has aided in the assessment of material culture (Bardelli et al. 2011:3148; Gersch et al. 1998:85; Yekutieli et al. 2005:3). Analyzing the physical properties and chemical composition of artifacts has allowed archaeologists to assign objects to particular contexts, provenances, and_ technological manufacturing categories (Mantler and Schreiner 2000:3; Schreiner et al. 2004:1). This technology has also been brought to bear on questions of possible contamination of older collections with preservatives such as arsenic (Odegaard et al. 2005; Robbins 2014; Shugar and Sirois 2012), especially for collections that may be repatriated to federally recognized tribes. The XRF instrument used in this analysis was a Bruker Elemental Tracer IV, owned by the Indiana TInivercatyu Office af NAGPRA and hoiced at the GRIT The camnlec received no " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662919/table-1-artifact-assemblage-by-type-and-count-at-by-mark"><img alt="Table 1. Artifact assemblage by type and count at 12P0340. Table by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662928/table-2-chipped-stone-raw-material-representation-by-count"><img alt="Table 2. Chipped stone raw material representation by count and mass at 12P0340. Table by Mark Doperalski. The artifact assemblage indicates a heavy reliance on local raw materials at the site. The geologic distribution of Wyandotte chert appears to be limited to Harrison and Crawford counties, Indiana and Meade, Breckinridge, and Hardin counties, Kentucky (Cantin 2008:71). Wyandotte chert can be obtained in tabular form at exposed outcrops and in nodular form at numerous stream beds and residual exposures within these counties as well as in Ohio River gravel bars. Holland Dark-Phase chert has been identified just east of Evansville at outcrops in Dubois and Spencer counties, Indiana (Cantin 2008:35-37). Muldraugh chert is geologically distributed along the Ohio River in Harrison County, Indiana (Cantin 2008:56-57). MRA wennnwnnn ~£f T1wnt+ DIA RR Ab net need Doaselien wtnn nh net NDanwmnrwunntuentan nnnwnnntinnn tr nthnuw " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662933/table-3-cores-identified-at-by-raw-material-type-by-mark"><img alt="Table 3. Cores identified at 12P0340 by raw material type. Table by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662943/table-14-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662950/table-5-presence-of-shatter-by-raw-material-type-at-by-mark"><img alt="Table 5. Presence of shatter by raw material type at 12P0340. Table by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662960/table-6-ceramic-artifact-assemblage-by-morphology-surface"><img alt="Table 6. Ceramic artifact assemblage by morphology, surface treatment and temper at 12P0340. Table by Mark Doperalski. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662967/table-17-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662977/table-1-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="Table 1. Artifacts Recovered. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662987/table-2-chert-raw-materials"><img alt="Table 2. Chert Raw Materials. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32662996/table-3-site-components-recorded-as-result-of-survey"><img alt="Table 3. Site Components Recorded as a Result of Survey. Prehistoric Sites. The frequency of sites with prehistoric components encountered in the project area as a result of survey was not similar to what had already been identified in Newton County. The only similarity that could be identified was the frequency of which prehistoric sites are recorded as unidentified prehistoric components. Of the diagnostic prehistoric components, only Late Archaic diagnostic materials (12-N-75, and 284) were encountered and recorded. This " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663012/table-4-distribution-of-base-types-and-chert-types-for-the"><img alt="Table 4: Distribution of Base Types and Chert Types for the Carlson Collection from the Newton County Public Library. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663022/table-5-number-of-site-components-added-precontact"><img alt="Table 5. Number of Site Components Added. Precontact settlement within Newton County is only very sparsely known with only 27 (15.5%) sites identified to a period of occupation (Table 5). Late Archaic (N = 9) and Late Woodland (N = 8) occupations are the most well represented. Very little information has been recovered for the Early and Middle Archaic, Early and Middle Woodland, and Paleoindian periods. After our survey, the same biasing factors noted above still apply, but we are left with an intriguing absence of sites distinct from most other similar surveys conducted by AAL (Macleod and Donovan 2014; Macleod et al. 2015; Miller et al. 2012; Murray et al. 2011). Likely factors include chance with the distribution of permissions, and the nature of the wetlands environment. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663038/table-6-projectile-point-site-numbers-and-cultural-periods"><img alt="Table 6. Projectile Point Site Numbers and Cultural Periods Per Landform. Table 7. Site Densities and Distributions By Landform. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663047/table-8-number-of-artifacts-per-landform"><img alt="Table 8. Number of Artifacts per Landform. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663061/table-25-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663073/table-9-survey-area-mean-dates-for-historic-artifacts"><img alt="Table 9. Survey Area Mean Dates for Historic Artifacts. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663087/table-1-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="Table 1. Artifacts Recovered. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663102/table-2-distribution-of-artifact-classes-within-the-general"><img alt="Table 2. Distribution of Artifact Classes within the General Collection. The preponderance of side notched points in the private collection compared to only one Middle Archaic site in SHAARD, in addition to the large number of stemmed points to the only three previously documented Early Woodland sites are both surprising findings. The proportion of side notched points is, however, roughly consistent with the results of our survey which documented one Middle Archaic site, accounting for 25% of the diagnostic prehistoric materials. These numbers, while important, should be viewed cautiously as there are a relatively low number of documented diagnostic prehistoric sites in Jasper County and as a result of this survey. This means that only coarse comparisons based on these samples is warranted. Potential collection bias is another reason for caution in comparing results; however, the results should at the very least stimulate interesting and provocative research questions in years to come. What we can clearly state unequivocally is that the “official” archaeological record is possibly a poor representative of the actual history of occupation in the county. In addition to the coarse classification, several other materials were documented, including what appeared to be additional drills, as well as possible burins, awls, prehistoric ceramics, and one historic gunflint. 2) a a: ee: a i ie a a i a: | i. ey eS en, | " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663113/table-3-site-components-recorded-as-result-of-survey"><img alt="Table 3. Site Components Recorded as a Result of Survey. Hypsithermal. The distribution of Middle Archaic sites and activity areas could help in reconstructing the Mid-Holocene fluctuations in the extent and structure of the hydric conditions. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663122/table-4-cultural-components-added-as-result-of-this-survey"><img alt="Table 4. Cultural Components Added as a Result of this Survey. Thirteen of the sites added were multicomponent sites. The multicomponent sites all had both Historic and Unidentified Prehistoric components. One of the multicomponent sites contained both Middle Archaic and Late Woodland components, and one other multicomponent site contained an additional Late Woodland component. All projectile point types recovered in this survey have been previously documented in Jasper County. This project has added considerably to the cultural chronology of the county. Fifty-nine Unidentified Prehistoric components were added along with two Archaic components (Middle Archaic and Late Archaic), two Woodland components (Late Woodland), and sixty-five Historic components (Table 4). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663135/table-8-all-of-the-sites-in-this-survey-were-discovered-on"><img alt="All of the sites in this survey were discovered on loamy texture soils. The majority of these (70.54%) were on loams soil complexes (Table 8). For this reason soil texture for these areas could not be precisely determined; however, the high degree of fine-scale variability in sediment may have a behaviorally meaningful implication. Overall poorly drained soils predominate at locations of the sites identified (Table 9). This is in keeping with the marshy nature of the county prehistorically and is also reflective of the predominant soil types in the survey areas. Due to the propensity for poorly drained soils in the area, the majority of surveyed soils were poorly drained. For this reason, identified sites may be skewed towards poorly drained soils as opposed to better draining soils regardless of preference. Table 6. Site Densities and Distributions By Landform. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663148/table-9-drainage-classes-of-site-soils"><img alt="Table 9. Drainage Classes of Site Soils. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663161/table-33-historic-settlement-patterns"><img alt="Historic Settlement Patterns " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663174/table-1-reported-cultural-affiliations-for-big-bend"><img alt="Table 1. Reported Cultural Affiliations for Big Bend Prehistoric Sites. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663185/table-35-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/32663200/table-36-misplaced-neighborhood-investigating-the-people-and"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/55359237/table_036.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-35496068-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="00691f4ca1fe056929175dead33e9d20" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55359237,"asset_id":35496068,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55359237/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35496068"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35496068"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35496068; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35496068]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35496068]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35496068; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35496068']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "00691f4ca1fe056929175dead33e9d20" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35496068]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35496068,"title":"A Misplaced Neighborhood: Investigating the People and Structures Missing From the West Washington District, South Bend, Indiana.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"issue":"2","volume":"12","abstract":"Sometimes, archaeology illuminates the history of “big men.” This article narrates the history through archaeological investigation of one city corner in South Bend, Indiana, and the contribution of the businesses that occupied it in the city’s most formative years. Manufacturing successes within South Bend such as the Oliver Plow Works, and Studebaker, are well known and researched. What is less well known are the supporting businesses and people that made up the representative sample of this influential city. This article sheds light on the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses it housed, supported by extensive archival research, and recovered artifacts. A humble tinsmith became the proprietor of the area’s largest hardware and lumberyards. A German immigrant and his friend established one of the area’s largest and longest-running grocery stores that would propel both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests, forming a neighborhood.\n","page_numbers":"102-123","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2017,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Indiana Archaeology"},"translated_abstract":"Sometimes, archaeology illuminates the history of “big men.” This article narrates the history through archaeological investigation of one city corner in South Bend, Indiana, and the contribution of the businesses that occupied it in the city’s most formative years. Manufacturing successes within South Bend such as the Oliver Plow Works, and Studebaker, are well known and researched. What is less well known are the supporting businesses and people that made up the representative sample of this influential city. This article sheds light on the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses it housed, supported by extensive archival research, and recovered artifacts. A humble tinsmith became the proprietor of the area’s largest hardware and lumberyards. A German immigrant and his friend established one of the area’s largest and longest-running grocery stores that would propel both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests, forming a neighborhood.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35496068/A_Misplaced_Neighborhood_Investigating_the_People_and_Structures_Missing_From_the_West_Washington_District_South_Bend_Indiana","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-12-22T17:44:11.869-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":62809581,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":30825625,"work_id":35496068,"tagging_user_id":62809581,"tagged_user_id":10183,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***r@iusb.edu","affiliation":"Indiana University South Bend","display_order":0,"name":"James M VanderVeen","title":"A Misplaced Neighborhood: Investigating the People and Structures Missing From the West Washington District, South Bend, Indiana."},{"id":31864733,"work_id":35496068,"tagging_user_id":10183,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6744519,"email":"d***a@dnr.in.gov","display_order":4194304,"name":"Indiana Shpo","title":"A Misplaced Neighborhood: Investigating the People and Structures Missing From the West Washington District, South Bend, Indiana."}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55359237,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55359237/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"hp-2017_IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55359237/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Misplaced_Neighborhood_Investigating_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55359237/hp-2017_IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2-libre.pdf?1513993811=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Misplaced_Neighborhood_Investigating_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1743577058\u0026Signature=Oo7ylB5Wx63z7g-j8PEzz2MbsXatYJfMM9PZWHUJddoyW276UI~oFCne0-R8X6uxjLVNpT9A8SiLfoIPgSzMCsf8p-SkD~Qsf7ooAqyrg2IzmsFiWi1nPL0qUVjCxSxiu1gYnr21EK7EdpJGLHN~g3e~mj1xn~2RxIUKoiP3pha7x98oDHEvPhObgB5n36S2OfdALJUflTTclOtPRd6tznjpXqFuliqFZxiiHe2KXuT~V431F~YR1BMOeGTKesyKDSiGNncuSvsfKjWMCVUO0hn6WTBn2d2lKLw-0a7i5Ly6fwvVm4GcHwrNJiT~n5BHvxsQY7pGIXghjIYSD9~T8g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_Misplaced_Neighborhood_Investigating_the_People_and_Structures_Missing_From_the_West_Washington_District_South_Bend_Indiana","translated_slug":"","page_count":203,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"Sometimes, archaeology illuminates the history of “big men.” This article narrates the history through archaeological investigation of one city corner in South Bend, Indiana, and the contribution of the businesses that occupied it in the city’s most formative years. Manufacturing successes within South Bend such as the Oliver Plow Works, and Studebaker, are well known and researched. What is less well known are the supporting businesses and people that made up the representative sample of this influential city. This article sheds light on the establishment, growth, and community influence of the businesses it housed, supported by extensive archival research, and recovered artifacts. A humble tinsmith became the proprietor of the area’s largest hardware and lumberyards. A German immigrant and his friend established one of the area’s largest and longest-running grocery stores that would propel both families into more prosperous circles. Elite families blended interests, forming a neighborhood.\n","owner":{"id":62809581,"first_name":"Lauren","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Finnigan","page_name":"LaurenFinnigan","domain_name":"nd","created_at":"2017-04-10T04:56:21.423-07:00","display_name":"Lauren Finnigan","url":"https://nd.academia.edu/LaurenFinnigan"},"attachments":[{"id":55359237,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55359237/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"hp-2017_IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55359237/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Misplaced_Neighborhood_Investigating_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55359237/hp-2017_IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2-libre.pdf?1513993811=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Misplaced_Neighborhood_Investigating_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1743577058\u0026Signature=Oo7ylB5Wx63z7g-j8PEzz2MbsXatYJfMM9PZWHUJddoyW276UI~oFCne0-R8X6uxjLVNpT9A8SiLfoIPgSzMCsf8p-SkD~Qsf7ooAqyrg2IzmsFiWi1nPL0qUVjCxSxiu1gYnr21EK7EdpJGLHN~g3e~mj1xn~2RxIUKoiP3pha7x98oDHEvPhObgB5n36S2OfdALJUflTTclOtPRd6tznjpXqFuliqFZxiiHe2KXuT~V431F~YR1BMOeGTKesyKDSiGNncuSvsfKjWMCVUO0hn6WTBn2d2lKLw-0a7i5Ly6fwvVm4GcHwrNJiT~n5BHvxsQY7pGIXghjIYSD9~T8g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":55359236,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55359236/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"hp-2017_IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55359236/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Misplaced_Neighborhood_Investigating_t.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/55359236/hp-2017_IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2-libre.pdf?1513993814=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Misplaced_Neighborhood_Investigating_t.pdf\u0026Expires=1743577058\u0026Signature=J7rIXAAZp6b5h4w-HFBBrUN~4-RY~-bYBtai6V5LmhYA4ZUXY6FnvtOgWhkgYzDGPWe9O4Glc7el1dRl52KNb-dDmh-U-bB7Lf2-hw25Dhm14ZQw1-VlNI5~AQXYYLOIu3TRhZ9LmR2vKsVVx3U2JwdVGXa0lGJW7fXb52g5HUoHrg0x~UXdNySWzPY8b~t5Qsjkhmt14CnHwtwrtyLZ1ZlsrP9dvOnn8w02gaTYwAADj4eVu~t5aYkbCiT8SxESkp61OkT-xcVynNYP4jBEv5DtEZIwX4YJeVTOFCS6TeVpfkBtaOxJvheaOa5HOEel30Liygha-tQul9ayXWvRlA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5014,"name":"Industrial Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Industrial_Archaeology"},{"id":17805,"name":"Gilded Age and Progressive Era American History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gilded_Age_and_Progressive_Era_American_History"},{"id":25991,"name":"Urban archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_archaeology"},{"id":39240,"name":"Rust Belt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rust_Belt"}],"urls":[{"id":8386216,"url":"http://www.in.gov/dnr/historic/files/hp-2017_IndianaArchaeology_Vol_12_No_2.pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-35496068-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37321705"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321705/Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through_a_Technology_Enabled_Active_Learning_Anthropology_Curriculum"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278899/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321705/Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through_a_Technology_Enabled_Active_Learning_Anthropology_Curriculum">Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Promoting Global Literacy Skills through Technology-Infused Teaching and Learning</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and unive...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and university educators face daunting tasks to help their students develop competencies with both human and machine attributes of the modern world. This chapter presents the historical foundations, the pedagogical theoretical underpinnings, and illustrative examples from the implementation of a curriculum of technology-enabled active learning within the undergraduate anthropology program at a moderately sized, commuter campus in the Midwestern United States. Technology-enabled active learning has demonstrably improved the experience of undergraduate students who enroll in anthropology classes as majors, minors, or general education students by affording them new abilities, including the recognition of global information resources, the contextualization of their education in spatiotemporal terms, the development of an understanding of sociocultural and politico-economic connective webs, and the skilled capacity to productively create and critically analyze information with a peer cohort through networked information technologies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="978e47c99e5e1ed4a514e34e989e553f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57278899,"asset_id":37321705,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278899/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37321705"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37321705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37321705]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37321705]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321705; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37321705']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "978e47c99e5e1ed4a514e34e989e553f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37321705]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37321705,"title":"Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.4018/978-1-4666-6347-3.ch002","abstract":"The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and university educators face daunting tasks to help their students develop competencies with both human and machine attributes of the modern world. This chapter presents the historical foundations, the pedagogical theoretical underpinnings, and illustrative examples from the implementation of a curriculum of technology-enabled active learning within the undergraduate anthropology program at a moderately sized, commuter campus in the Midwestern United States. Technology-enabled active learning has demonstrably improved the experience of undergraduate students who enroll in anthropology classes as majors, minors, or general education students by affording them new abilities, including the recognition of global information resources, the contextualization of their education in spatiotemporal terms, the development of an understanding of sociocultural and politico-economic connective webs, and the skilled capacity to productively create and critically analyze information with a peer cohort through networked information technologies.","page_numbers":"23-45","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Promoting Global Literacy Skills through Technology-Infused Teaching and Learning"},"translated_abstract":"The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and university educators face daunting tasks to help their students develop competencies with both human and machine attributes of the modern world. 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Technology-enabled active learning has demonstrably improved the experience of undergraduate students who enroll in anthropology classes as majors, minors, or general education students by affording them new abilities, including the recognition of global information resources, the contextualization of their education in spatiotemporal terms, the development of an understanding of sociocultural and politico-economic connective webs, and the skilled capacity to productively create and critically analyze information with a peer cohort through networked information technologies.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37321705/Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through_a_Technology_Enabled_Active_Learning_Anthropology_Curriculum","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-08-31T07:31:45.699-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":31841243,"work_id":37321705,"tagging_user_id":10183,"tagged_user_id":2754708,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***s@iusb.edu","affiliation":"Indiana University South Bend","display_order":1,"name":"Josh Wells","title":"Developing Global Sensibilities through a Technology-Enabled Active Learning Anthropology Curriculum"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57278899,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278899/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Wells_and_VanderVeen_2015.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278899/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57278899/Wells_and_VanderVeen_2015-libre.pdf?1535726578=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDeveloping_Global_Sensibilities_through.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=e1JoMR3kjYhJnuIaoD8LXRBFCVppnJMykPoocqCtIsU4o6EL3Bi26KRwaD-AULDeFTdhRwwPvH07q163HmsNlL4eKBJ6qYSZ7M-vgHOhD2EwCtz9cRRLXXFqOPRkDHARitd5IN3WP7NnhF2AHskeC8dMNBCyqSNfTYXQlrPTMuE9oBC7Gjez6Gsnz9WrMSbKmIH0phxpMDhx3Q-7LHyPXLJNWY-4W~zJEVDyXuKapb2MaqEwK1Bt3fZYPQbll1jUnK2fMBWQASxYIvaO1bOXgOf44evTCEpR44059E5P7Us4tAg~KNAMxdKGUf2-q50erkEY3kLXvPvCAL3P6ueaIA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Developing_Global_Sensibilities_through_a_Technology_Enabled_Active_Learning_Anthropology_Curriculum","translated_slug":"","page_count":36,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The current global human environment is a diverse mixture of cultures and technologies, and university educators face daunting tasks to help their students develop competencies with both human and machine attributes of the modern world. 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The objects found in their places of work or near the households in which they lived can help illuminate their daily concerns and affairs. These are topics not regularly discussed in the historical record and, as such, are explored through historical archaeology instead. Likewise, there are important issues taking place both within the home and in wider society that are not openly addressed in newspapers, novels, or governmental records. For instance, because they are seen as taboo, sexual relations are often kept under cover. Yet, the interpretation of specific classes of artifacts related to marital (and extramarital) practices can provide a possible reconstruction of the social lives of those that used them. The political dynamics of an era also influences the ways in which members of all gender present themselves (and are represented) in the public sphere.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-37321499-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-37321499-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521512/figure-1-leaving-only-duplex-on-the-lot-david-bainbridge"><img alt="leaving only duplex on the lot. David Bainbridge, Senior Curator for the Center for History indicates that the Oliver family decided to clear the property completely in the 1930s (persona communication, 2010). Maps from 1949 on support this information, showing the lot as vacant Further, although the soil in the excavation units did not show a clear stratigraphy, it was eviden' that the site had not been significantly disturbed since being backfilled. Therefore, the artifacts, with few exceptions, were most likely used and ultimately deposited before the end of the 1930s. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521519/figure-2-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521525/figure-3-illustration-of-unsafe-hatpins-san-francisco-call"><img alt="Figure 3. Illustration of “unsafe” hatpins (San Francisco Call, 15 January 1904). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521530/figure-4-two-views-of-hatpin-found-in-excavation-unit-at-the"><img alt="Figure 4. Two views of hatpin found in excavation unit at the site (photos by Rebecca Gibson). Figure 4. Two views of hatpin found in excavation unit at the site (photos by Rebecca Gibson). What interested us first about As mentioned earlier, the two that su was white or clear. If so, the three co the hatpin are the two paste jewels and the space for a third. rvived are green and violet. The authors posit that the third ors together symbolize the English suffragists, specifically the Women’s Social and Political Union. This union, and the women who spoke for it, were committed to active participation in t their symbol in 1908 because, “purp every suffragette .. . white stands fo he fight for women’s rights and adopted the three colors as e... stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of r purity in private and public life . . . green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring” (Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, quoted in the Museum of Edinburgh V otes for Women Exhibition 2009). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521535/figure-5-ma-began-far-bef-was-soon-to-fal-in-ma-sen-uni-wins"><img alt="ma began far bef was soon to Fal in ma. Sen Uni Wins their “‘specia freedom f 897, bot Holton 1994). Women i eca. Eve ntually, America passed ted Kingdom passed the Represen h countries organized themselves withi ny delegates at Seneca Falls wou movement ( ton Churchill famously said that England and America mu relationship,” a sort of agreeme rom socialist and communist tyranny, and nufacturing (Churchill 1946). Although he did not ore that time, and where one country w follow. The same was very much true re s Convention in 1848, and the Bri ish National U d go on to be nt that both countries stood for say these words until ent in politics, trade, o garding suffrage. With friend, and assist, the n several states in America already the 19th amendment to its constitution in 1920, while the tation of the People Actin 1928. tually benefited from Western democracy, that both countries shared ideas on trade and 946, the relationship r expansion, the other the American Seneca nion of Women’s Suffrage Societies formed n mere decades of each other. Additionally, eaders of the British had the vote, before r ey eat " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521548/figure-6-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521558/figure-7-the-merry-widow-brand-however-was-one-of-the-more"><img alt="The Merry Widow brand, however, was one of the more popular versions of condoms during early 1900s (Collier 2007). The brand was known for its u colored, coin-shaped ti tucked inside waxy w 1930s and widely avai were sold by barbers, (Collier 2007). Trojan n with three condoms made first of rubber ceme rappings. The brand was produced from before ilable. Cheaper than Trojans, a competing bran bartenders, shoeshine boys, gas station attendan niqu S were specifically marketed to pharmacists ru like the one at the si available there as well. _r 1 | 1 1 ae fal te, but Merry Widows, labeled as disease preven nnin e pac nd later dd War I to the mid- ins of Merry Widows kaging: a gold of liquid latex nd even door-to-door g com tives, er drug stores, were probably r The of the demo tin was not found on the drug store portion of the plot, rather it was in the foundation ished duplex. Excavated from Unit C, nearest to the street, the package could have been used by the inhabitants of the building or pushed into the foundation from nearby as backfill. It was from one of the lowest levels, 90 cm below surface, so it is unlikely to have been deposited af piece of refu ter the property was razed in the 1930s. Still, it was remarkably well preserved for a se almost 100 years old. It still holds a story, even with the contents now gone. OR NK BNA REL DEE NII: DENY NARA NEN BREE ARENA RR ULE og NNER LR UREN IN EEE AEN Ee made il material crusader relationships betwee considered to cover moral crusade exten motivation behind the law may have started with Comstock’s relocation to New k boarded near the infamous Tenderloin district, w all forms of ascivious th con ded the Civil War. Comstoc prostitutes offered their services freely distributed. Condo himself to chase away as many of the “riff raff’ as he could with an open umbrella, but Comstock could do much more after gaining the attention of magnates like Sam tracepti to porn on and the information conceming how it was ography, abortion, and even general discussio MS, as to the general public and racy newspapers and p one can imagine, were peddled on the street. ling the distribu First, the presence of a marketed prophylactic device reflects the changing social n the sexes in the early 20th century. The distribution of con egal in the United States with the Comstock Act of 1873. Named for the anti Anthony Comstock, the bill was part of legislation contro rough the U.S. Mail. Comstock’s definition was broad enough to be used. ns of traceptives was SEX. Yor k City a here pimps anc hotographs were He took it upon ti- obscenity tion of any His The [ter uel Colgate and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/57278712/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/10521570/figure-8-illustration-depicting-tin-button-advertising-the"><img alt="Figure 8. Illustration depicting a tin button advertising the Merry Widow brand condom (from Elliott, et al. 1998: 142). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-37321499-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="5907656"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/5907656/Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their_Votes_Pins_and_Prophylactics_Tell_the_Suffragette_Story"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Control of Their Bodies, Control of Their Votes: Pins and Prophylactics Tell the Suffragette Story" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32890457/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/5907656/Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their_Votes_Pins_and_Prophylactics_Tell_the_Suffragette_Story">Control of Their Bodies, Control of Their Votes: Pins and Prophylactics Tell the Suffragette Story</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://american.academia.edu/RebeccaGibson">Rebecca Gibson</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://iusb.academia.edu/JayVanderVeen">James M VanderVeen</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>INDIANA ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 8 Number 1 2013</span><span>, Dec 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><div class="carousel-container carousel-container--sm" id="profile-work-5907656-figures"><div class="prev-slide-container js-prev-button-container"><button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-5907656-figures-prev"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_back_ios</span></button></div><div class="slides-container js-slides-container"><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215107/figure-31-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_031.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215046/figure-1-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215047/figure-2-this-article-reports-the-first-known-use-of-den"><img alt="This article reports the first known use of den techniques for th modification of b museums and indi framework of inte Wilkie 2009). university setting viduals interpreting historic structu rpretive archaeology (Baas and Rubi droarchaeology (application of tree-ring e dating of historically erected buildings) to date the construction and uildings in New Harmony. Knowing these dates help preservationists make informed management and interpretive decisions. For the authors, who work closely with local res in public history, public schools, and s, the dendroarchaeology of historic structures is approached within a no 2012, 2013; Rubino and Hanson 2009; " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215049/figure-3-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215050/figure-3-historic-american-building-survey-for-community"><img alt="Figure 3. Historic American Building Survey for Community House No. 2, 1933. The red ovals show third story wall sample locations. The blue ovals show attic truss sample locations (Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, HABS IND, 65-NEHAR, 2). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215052/figure-4-historic-american-building-survey-for-community"><img alt="Figure 4. Historic American Building Survey for Community House No. 2, 1933 showing section through attic and third story (Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, HABS IND, 65-NEHAR, 2). The atti truss is illustrated in the two views within the red ovals. tulip poplar, a species that frequently has missing rings. Missing rings (years when no tree ring forms over the entire trunk or formed at all in a given year) are caused by extreme stress, such as a drought, or injury. By taking two samples from a timber, the likelihood of obtaining a sample without a missing ring increases. Also, replicate samples help in ensuring that a timber did in fact exhibit a wane edge. In addition to the cores taken from the building, two additional samples (CHS17A and CHS18A) were analyzed. These two samples were cross sections obtained from stored timbers that were too damaged to be reused in the most recent renovation of the building (Figure 8). However, their exact location within the structure is unknown. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215054/figure-6-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215056/figure-7-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215058/figure-8-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215059/figure-9-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215062/figure-9-west-attic-truss-looking-north-roof-rafters-are"><img alt="Figure 9. West attic truss looking north. Roof rafters are visible behind the truss and HVAC equipment (photo courtesy of Christopher Baas). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215064/figure-11-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215065/figure-12-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215067/figure-13-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215068/figure-14-rd-floor-interior-wall-looking-north-sample"><img alt="3rd Floor Interior Wall (Looking North): Sample Locations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_014.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215069/figure-15-rd-floor-west-exterior-wall-sample-locations"><img alt="3rd Floor West Exterior Wall: Sample Locations " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_015.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215070/figure-13-community-house-no-third-floor-wall-sample"><img alt="Figure 13. Community House No. 2-Third floor wall sample locations (illustration courtesy of Christopher Baas). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_016.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215072/figure-17-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_017.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215073/figure-18-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_018.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215075/figure-15-mean-annual-growth-of-tulip-poplar-and-red-oak"><img alt="Figure 15. Mean annual growth of tulip poplar and red oak samples obtained from Community House 2. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_019.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215076/figure-20-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_020.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215078/figure-1-location-of-floyd-county-indiana-map-by-corn-island"><img alt="Figure 1. Location of Floyd County, Indiana. Map by Corn Island LLC. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_021.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215080/figure-22-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_022.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215083/figure-4-twentieth-visit-to-th-ghosts-of-tannery-an-their"><img alt="T twentieth visit to th ghosts of e tannery (Figure 4, 5, an their profiles on adjacent buildings. One of he site occupies a significant portion of the upper terrace within an early to mid- century built environment. A number of v d 6). Several of the buildings have been demolished, leaving acant buildings were documented on a site these, at least, had burned and subsequently been torn down, and another was modified due to the construction of a floodwall. Several supporting structures were noted tl filtration Figure 7). hat were the locations of specialized activities such as water " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_023.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215087/figure-4-westernmost-tannery-building-with-the-moser-leather"><img alt="Figure 4. Westernmost tannery building with “THE MOSER LEATHER CO.”, facing southeast (photo by Anne Tobbe Bader). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_024.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215089/figure-5-vacant-tannery-buildings-near-water-tower-facing"><img alt="Figure 5. Vacant tannery buildings near water tower, facing southwest (photo by Anne Tobbe Bader). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_025.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215093/figure-6-additional-vacant-buildings-at-the-tannery-facing"><img alt="Figure 6. Additional vacant buildings at the tannery, facing southeast (photo by Anne Tobbe Bader). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_026.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215095/figure-27-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_027.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215098/figure-28-wooden-drying-racks-overhead-rollers-items-out-al"><img alt="wooden drying racks, overhead rollers, items, out, al decom The current owner has confirmed that there are “buildings full” of tanning equipment, anning pits, and wooden drums for “stuffing” hides with oils and waxes. He has salvaged some of this equipment, but there is more remaining. These coupled with the well-documented processes that occurred within until a fairly recent date, may provide additional data specifically related to process. While the landowner has documented the si products, more focused study on the artifacts themselves would be advised. In addition, there are many individuals living in the area that worked in the addition to the study of this industry. Additional arc recommended to ensure there are no associated nding the buildings, is not expected at this ti ong with the artifacts in the possession of the posing leather, which was tossed over the recom mended for any invasive investigation. the material culture used in the tanning te in terms of its history, operations, and plant. Oral histories would be a welcome haeological investigation, however, while buried remains beneath graveled areas me to be the most productive means of ring study at this site. Rather, the photographic documentation of the buildings, inside and andowner, would allow a more thorough understanding of the processes associated with this industry. A very deep pile of slowly hillside towards the large pond, is not " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_028.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215100/figure-29-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_029.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215103/figure-30-site-fl-and-site-fl"><img alt="Site 12 Fl 117 and Site 12 Fl 118 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_030.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215110/figure-32-eae-eh-dates-derived-for-diagnostic-artifacts"><img alt="eae eh Dates derived for diagnostic artifacts recovered from site 12 Fl 117 indicate a period of use from 1869 through 1920. by the early brown transferprint date (1829 to Although some patterns were pattern or manufacturer, the transferprinted vessel may have the Moir formula indicate a da most appropriate for the site. made through tl been a curated heirloom item. W te of 1913-1914. The early twen The earlier Mean Ceramic Date (MCD) appears to be influenced 1839 maximum popularity range) (Stelle 2001). he late nineteenth century, without knowing the maximum popularity range appears to most appropriate. The indow glass dates derived using tieth century dates appear to be " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_032.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215113/figure-11-concrete-foundation-posts-photo-by-anne-tobbe"><img alt="Figure 11. Concrete foundation posts (photo by Anne Tobbe Bader). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_033.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215120/figure-12-cinder-pile-adjacent-to-south-end-of-structure"><img alt="Figure 12. Cinder pile adjacent to south end of structure (photo by Anne Tobbe Bader). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_034.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215125/figure-13-site-fl-was-located-south-east-and-slightly"><img alt="Site 12 Fl 118 was located south, east, and slightly downhill of site 12 Fl 117. The site was identified as two concentrations of demolished structures an apparent. The first, Structure 1, was situated on a slight rise further to the east, was on a lower landform at the base of tl ocation of Structure 2, reflecting demolition. Ground distu acres (0.10 hectares). concrete, fence posts depressions), and artifact scatters. At least two possible stru ower structure (Figure 13). The site measured 50 meters by 30 meters and encom d debris (dressed limes or terrace while Structu tone blocks, ctures were re 2, located he terrace beyond which the ground dropped dramatically into the wetlands of the floodplain below. Push piles were present in the rbance was noted in the area of the passed 0.25 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_035.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215133/figure-36-this-in-braci-generally-ranged-from-twenti-truss"><img alt="This in m braci generally ranged from 50 twenti truss, patented in 1848 by two ost other truss forms, using ng units than load-bearing sys supp the Warren truss was frequen anted pins as the preferred con and deck trusses are rare [M&H Arch tems. Th to 400 feet. Warre tieth century and were frequently used in India nection for structu tly used in a pony configuration; Warren through itecture 2007:75]. e span of n trusses were popular in the early na once bolts and rivets The most common truss type used in the twentieth century was the Warren truss. British engineers, eliminated verticals found diagonals to witl compressive forces. Warren trusses can include vertical hstand both tensile and s, but they serve more as this truss configuration ral members. In Indiana, " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_036.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215138/figure-37-leaving-only-duplex-on-the-lot-david-bainbridge"><img alt="leaving only duplex on the lot. David Bainbridge, Senior Curator for the Center for History indicates that the Oliver family decided to clear the property completely in the 1930s (persona communication, 2010). Maps from 1949 on support this information, showing the lot as vacant Further, although the soil in the excavation units did not show a clear stratigraphy, it was eviden' that the site had not been significantly disturbed since being backfilled. Therefore, the artifacts, with few exceptions, were most likely used and ultimately deposited before the end of the 1930s. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_037.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215144/figure-38-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_038.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215147/figure-3-illustration-of-unsafe-hatpins-san-francisco-call"><img alt="Figure 3. Illustration of “unsafe” hatpins (San Francisco Call, 15 January 1904). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_039.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215151/figure-4-two-views-of-hatpin-found-in-excavation-unit-at-the"><img alt="Figure 4. Two views of hatpin found in excavation unit at the site (photos by Rebecca Gibson). Figure 4. Two views of hatpin found in excavation unit at the site (photos by Rebecca Gibson). What interested us first about As mentioned earlier, the two that su was white or clear. If so, the three co the hatpin are the two paste jewels and the space for a third. rvived are green and violet. The authors posit that the third ors together symbolize the English suffragists, specifically the Women’s Social and Political Union. This union, and the women who spoke for it, were committed to active participation in t their symbol in 1908 because, “purp every suffragette .. . white stands fo he fight for women’s rights and adopted the three colors as e ... stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of r purity in private and public life . . . green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring” (Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, quoted in the Museum of Edinburgh V otes for Women Exhibition 2009). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_040.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215154/figure-41-ma-began-far-bef-was-soon-to-fal-in-ma-sen-uni"><img alt="ma. began far bef: was soon to Fal in ma Sen Uni Wins their “specia freedom f. 897, bot rom socialist and communist tyrann nufacturing (Churchill 1946). Although he did not say t ore that time, and where one country went in s Convention in 1848, and the British Nati ny delegates at Seneca Falls wou movement ( relationship,” a sort of agreeme follow. The same was very much eca. Eve ton Churchill famously said that England and America mu nt that both countries stood for y, and that both countries sh hese words until politics, trade, o true regardin g suffrage. With f the People Act in 1928. tually benefited from Western democracy, ared ideas on trade and 946, the relationship r expansion, the other the American Seneca ional Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies formed h countries organized themselves within mere decades of each d go on to befriend, and assist, the Holton 1994). Women in several states in America already ntually, America passed the 19th amendment to its constitution in 1920, while the ted Kingdom passed the Representation o other. Additionally, eaders of the British had the vote, before r | eat " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_041.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215160/figure-42-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_042.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215163/figure-43-the-merry-widow-brand-however-was-one-of-the-more"><img alt="The Merry Widow brand, however, was one of the more popular versions of condoms during early 1900s (Collier 2007). The brand was known for its u colored, coin-shaped ti tucked inside waxy w 1930s and widely avai were sold by barbers, (Collier 2007). Trojan n with three condoms made first of rubber ceme rappings. The brand was produced from before ilable. Cheaper than Trojans, a competing bran bartenders, shoeshine boys, gas station attendan niqu S were specifically marketed to pharmacists ru like the one at the si available there as well. _r 1 | 1 1 ae fal te, but Merry Widows, labeled as disease preven nnin e pac nd later dd War I to the mid- ins of Merry Widows kaging: a gold of liquid latex nd even door-to-door g com tives, er drug stores, were probably r The of the demo tin was not found on the drug store portion of the plot, rather it was in the foundation ished duplex. Excavated from Unit C, nearest to the street, the package could have been used by the inhabitants of the building or pushed into the foundation from nearby as backfill. It was from one of the lowest levels, 90 cm below surface, so it is unlikely to have been deposited af piece of refu ter the property was razed in the 1930s. Still, it was remarkably well preserved for a se almost 100 years old. It still holds a story, even with the contents now gone. OR NK BNA REL DEE NII: DENY NARA NEN BREE ARENA RR ULE og NNER LR UREN IN EEE AEN Ee made il material crusader relationships betwee considered to cover moral crusade exten motivation behind the law may have started with Comstock’s relocation to New k boarded near the infamous Tenderloin district, w all forms of ascivious th con ded the Civil War. Comstoc prostitutes offered their services freely distributed. Condo himself to chase away as many of the “riff raff’ as he could with an open umbrella, but Comstock could do much more after gaining the attention of magnates like Sam tracepti to porn on and the information conceming how it was ography, abortion, and even general discussio MS, as to the general public and racy newspapers and p one can imagine, were peddled on the street. amed for the an ling the distribu First, the presence of a marketed prophylactic device reflects the changing social n the sexes in the early 20th century. The distribution of con egal in the United States with the Comstock Act of 1873. N Anthony Comstock, the bill was part of legislation contro rough the U.S. Mail. Comstock’s definition was broad enough to be used. ns of traceptives was ti- obscenity tion of any SEX. Yor k City a here pimps anc hotographs were He took it upon His The [ter uel Colgate and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_043.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215166/figure-8-illustration-depicting-tin-button-advertising-the"><img alt="Figure 8. Illustration depicting a tin button advertising the Merry Widow brand condom (from Elliott, et al. 1998: 142). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_044.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215168/figure-1-he-fresh-water-sea-of-lake-michigan-lures-us-li"><img alt="he fresh water sea of Lake Michigan lures us li e below. We are still entranced by the folklore, spresent. Indiana’s waters possess much more of ke a mythical siren, deep into the mysteries t the history, and the adventu this maritime history than is re that shipwrec often realized ¢ iclude shipwrecks that are over 100 years old, such as the Muskegon (Peerless), the F. | Vheeler, and the J. D. Marshall. These p 1emorials to Indiana’s maritime history, but > th ceanic and Atmospheric Association (NO CP) coordinated archaeological investigatio fichigan during 2011 and 2012 (Figure 1 RG) was contracted to perform the investiga LM 20 e potential for historical information th UZZ at nd ndiana State Museums and Historic Sites (ISMHS) (Kau . Commonweal tions, with o they contain. AA), Indiana’s ns of shipwrecks i es embedded in Lake th Cu With fu Fmann 20 nding the lake floor are not o1 also archaeological resources whose true va from the Natio Michigan Coastal Progr: in th e Indiana waters of Lz 1). tural Resources Group, I versight by the State Archaeoloc Figure 1. Indiana Lake Michigan historic shipwreck survey project area (Kaufmann 2011:8). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_045.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215170/figure-46-the-ma-rshall-is-now-famous-in-indiana-history-not"><img alt="The J. D. Ma rshall is now famous in Indiana history not only for its historical significance, but also because the attempted salvage of this vessel was the initial impetus for the state’s efforts to survey, document, and evaluate historic vessels in Indiana’s state waters. A 1982 salvage attempt of 14-3-3-4, Section was re-floated, m and it crashed back to tl divers to state au apprehended by attempt and other within an archaeological context that vessel’s attributes were damaged, artifac hull integrity compromised (Ellis 1987a: 7) (E oved, lis 1987a:1; Gantz and the prop was cu he bottom (Ellis ca. thorities. Salvage activi officers from the Division activities which have rem this vessel was illegal according to Indiana S 982). At the time of the ai t off. Then the means of refloating the vessel failed 987a:1). This salvage atte ties were stopped when the of Law Enforcement. A oved artifacts from this si is disturbed. According to e ). s displaced, deck and internal tate Preservation laws (IC ttempted salvage, the ship mpt was reported by local individuals involved were s a result of this salvage te, the J. D. Marshall lies arly 1980s accounts, the equipment scattered, and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_046.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215176/figure-47-towed-out-of-the-harbor-to-be-scuttled-no-lives"><img alt="towed out of the harbor to be scuttled. No lives were lost when the ship bummed. The Indiana Transportation Company salvaged some of the sand-sucking machinery (Ellis 1986a:36). The Muskegon was a steamer vessel type and a package-freighter property type. This vessel was built at Cleveland, Ohio. The ship measured 211 ft (64.3 m) in length by 39.9 ft (12.2 m) abeam with a draft of 12.5 ft (3.8 m) and onginally weighed 941 gross tons (955.9 mt) (Merchant Vessel List 1909). This vessel was first operated by Leopold and Austrian out of Chicago (BGSU 2012; Milwaukee Public Library 1959). When the Muskegon was the Peerless, the vessel was equipped with a large reciprocating engine and dual boilers. The Peerless was re- named as the Muskegon in 1907 after the Muskegon and Chicago Navigation Company purchased the ship (C. Patrick Labadie Collection 2012). js ee oe a «€ " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_047.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215184/figure-4-the-wheeler-was-stranded-on-december-during-winter"><img alt="The F. W. Wheeler was stranded on December 3, 1893, during a winter storm while carrying a cargo of coal from Buffalo, New Y ork (Milwaukee Public Library 1959). The local lifesaving station under the direction of Captain Finch was credited with saving all of the 16 crew members who were on board the vessel (City News [CN], 25 September 1935). The F. W. Wheeler was under the command of Captain Trotter at the time of its foundering near Michigan City (Cavinder 1978:1; CN, 25 September 1935). An attempt was made to aid the vessel before it sank and broke apart, but one of the tugs, the Crowell, sank on its way to assist the F. W. Wheeler (CN, 25 September 1935). The crew of the Crowell was rescued by another tug on its way to assist the F. W. Wheeler. In addition, two tug boats assisted with lightening the ship’s cargo by removing some coal. However, within two days, the back of the F. W. Wheeler was broken and it was considered a total loss. The vessel was reported to have been carrying a cargo that in total weighed over 2000 tons (2032.1 mt). At the time of its sinking, it was still carrying 1200 tons (1219.3 mt) of coal (Cavinder 1978:1). It was reported that wreckage from the F. W. History. This ship was built in 1887 by F. W. Wheeler at West Bay City (now Bay City), Michigan, for David Whitney of Detroit (Ellis 1986a:51; Milwaukee Public Library 1959) (Figure 4). This vessel was most likely operated by David Whitney because there was no record of ownership changes (BGSU 2012). The vessel could carry over 70,000 bushels (1524 mt) of wheat, which it transported from Chicago to Buffalo (Milwaukee Public Library 1959). It was also used to transport coal. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_048.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215189/figure-49-the-vessel-lies-mostly-buried-with-the-port"><img alt="The vessel lies mostly buried with the port foreship sidewall present but detached from the main frame. The port midship sidewall is also still standing and extrudes slightly from the lakebed. The lower portion of the starboard sidewall lies collapsed on top of the main frame. The upper portion of the starboard wall, noted as missing in 1986 (Ellis 1986b:26), was not relocated as part of this survey. The bow section of the main frame and metal-covered keelson were fairly buried in sand. The bow appears to be intact, to the north and east of the port sidewall section. The stem section was more exposed, revealing the engine stand, engine support futtocks (separate curved or vertical wood used to make a nib or frame piece), and propeller. Some of the sub-keelsons were evident, where they were exposed from sand cover. Ribs and floor frames along the starboard side were also observed. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_049.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215196/figure-50-the-holds-are-exposed-and-open-on-the-deck-the"><img alt="The holds are exposed and open on the deck. The deck and remaining super structure at the stern are fairly close to the water’s surface. The sidewalls are intact but with several cracks that penetrate through the hull to the interior of the hold. The deck appears to be deteriorating through oxidation and weakening of the hull. The stem portion is missing most of the pilot house. Most of the surfaces of the wreck are extensively coated with zebra mussels and algae in the sunlit areas. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_050.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215199/figure-51-reina-png-nie-rna-are-nina-rana-don-old-nner-nn"><img alt="REINA PNG NIE RNA ARE NINA: RANA DON: old NNER NN Bee Ny UNNI fe T were lost operation Lifesavin water in Another tug, Lifesavin reportedly remained afloat with th g Se breakwater (H farther out on vessel in August 1907 (Hi of Captain O. C. Olso was operated by Captain W. H. We g Service 1907:45-46). its hold so that the Cap the Perfection, came After keel upward rvice 1907:45-46). ilton 1962:195). 1 tain ch to e Apparently, Car of theJ.C.A mes was concermed for assist, but not before Car Ferry losing the train cars to the botto he Car Ferry No. 2 sank in 1906 when it capsized from a northeast gale; three lives (Hilton 1962:188-194; U.S. Lifesaving Service 1907:45-46). This barge, under the n, capsized after being released by er (Hilton 1962:194; Milwau the tugboat J. C. Ames, which kee Public Library 1959; U.S. Ferry No. 2 had taken on a fair amount of the safety of his vessel. No. 2 overturned (U.S. m of the lake, the vessel for a short time and then stranded near the The next spring, the Army Corps of En gineers towed the barge to the lake to remove it as a navigation hazard and final ton 1962:195). y dynamited part of the " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_051.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215202/figure-52-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_052.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215205/figure-2-doll-fragments-from-site-bl-and-partially-complete"><img alt="Figure 2. Doll fragments from site 12 Bl] 219 and a partially complete figure of a soapstone statue from site 12 BI 320 (photo by Kristin Kjeldsen). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_053.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215215/figure-3-assorted-decorated-ceramics-from-sites-bl-bl-and-bl"><img alt="Figure 3. Assorted decorated ceramics from sites 12 Bl 219; 12 Bl 220; and 12 Bl 302 (photo by Kristin Kjeldsen). Numerous examples of whiteware, stoneware, porcelain, and ironstone were encountered in the surveys, several of which were decorated in some fashion. Figure 3 and 4 show a date between 1800 and 1890 (Feldhues WwW WwW an decoration tl d 1890 (1 hiteware ri 12 Bl] 219-15 is a piece of whiteware body m with red sponge decoration Feldhues 1995). Finally, 12 995). The rest of the i hiteware and date from the 1820s to the present (Sutton and Arku that dates between 1840 and 1860 (Feld with a green transfer print which dates be sh 2009). 12 Bl Bl 220-10 is a piece of hat dates between 1825 and 1862 (IMACS 1992). sampling of the variety of ceramics that were found and the types of decoration present. 12 Bl 219-40 is ironstone with flow blue decoration and 12 Bl 219-41 is hand-painted ironstone; both tems featured are decorated 219-04 is a hues 1995). tween 1830 whiteware with blue flow " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_054.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215223/figure-55-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_055.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215227/figure-56-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_056.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215231/figure-6-middle-archaic-raddatz-projectile-point-from-site"><img alt="Figure 6. A Middle Archaic Raddatz projectile point from site 12 Bl 289 (photo by Kristin Kjeldsen) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_057.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215235/figure-7-late-archaic-matanzas-projectile-point-from-site-bl"><img alt="Figure 7. A Late Archaic Matanzas projectile point from site 12 Bl 185 (photo by Kristin Kjeldsen). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_058.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215239/figure-59-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_059.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215244/figure-60-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_060.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215246/table-3-the-lithic-artifacts-were-dominated-by-liston-creek"><img alt="The lithic artifacts were dominated by Liston Creek cherts (37.50 percent) (Table 3). There are no naturally occurring Liston Creek chert outcrops in Blackford County, but Cantin shows Liston Creek chert occurring in nearby Huntington, Wabash, and Miami Counties (Cantin 2008:9). Only four of the projectile points were identified as being Liston Creek (12 Bl 276-01, 12 Bl 300-01, 12 B] 311-01, and 12 Bl 322-01) =—=—s! Jefferson Jeffersonville ch are a significant third most com outcrop in Harn ——————=E——— oe ville chert was the second highest identified in Decatur, Bartholomew, Jennings and Jefferson counties and tl draugh chert is the Muldraugh chert is only know this is a signif mon type of son Coun Blackford Coun of chert material the state ty (>275 km) of Indiana in the extreme ert outcrops distance (>130 km) from the project area (Can chert material (6.25 pe ndiana along the Ohio Dj Ly, (Cal nt) ( (5.29 perce significant distai projectile points 293-01). Exotic represent eXC nce from Blackfo were made from eS OES I OE OO EOE OE ntin Tab southwest part of tl rd County (>300 ney (12 Bl 142- Di cherts, chert that 48.07 percent of the total lithic material luded, exotic cherts represent 43.25 percent of c @) hemeitiaiain tinal 2008:9, 56). le 3). Ditney c K utcrops more th hert materi tin 2008). rcent). d urs in only on in tin 2008:9). Bl 233-01, 12 an 80 kilometers fro Mu rt is the fourth icant distance f material (7.21 percent) (Table 3). NeSe n to rom most common type ty and this is al Four of the recove Bl 235-01, and 12 m Blackford Coun collected. With unk e reported location Warrick Coun in so a red. Bl ly, nown chert materials al collected. Local cherts (Lis ton Creek, Fall Creek, Laurel, and Kenneth) represent 51.93 percent of the total lithic material col ected. With Liston Creek excluded, local cherts only represent 10.58 percent of the total. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_061.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215252/figure-62-blackford-county-is-predominantly-comprised-of"><img alt="Blackford County is predominantly comprised of Till Plain and Moraine landform, and all of the parcels of land investigated in this project were found on this landform. Floodplains also exist in the county, but only along the Salamonie River and the Big and Little Lick Creeks K luess 1986). We attempted to gain landowner permission to survey along the Salamonie River and four landowners granted permission for a total of 526 acres; however, none of these parcels had the visibility necessary to conduct surveys. Three landowners granted permission in the properties adjacent to the northern section of the Godfroy Reserve (Survey Areas 7, 8, and 9) and this was the closest that we came to the Salamonie River and floodplain landforms. Further testing along the Salamonie River is recommended if these landowners will grant permission and f other landowners on the southern side of the river would grant permission. The general project area of Blackford County is worthy of additional investigation and study. rr i ie ie " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_062.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215256/figure-63-ee-inc-representative-of-newly-discovered-sites"><img alt="ee t inc representative of newly discovered sites were avai resentation which i aeology laws (Figu nded ndiana a A ee Nae ee: n April 17, 20 iety by AAL archaeologist Ch er, Tori Kiefer, and Kristin Kj uding backgro the p rch n surveys from heir prope he auth t became apparent that were deep istory and landowne ors the typ —————— 2 a public presentation was given at ristine Keller and Department of An eldsen. The hour long presen and results. 2 a und, methodology, an ncluded a qu re 11). Thro rty were very en y interested in the in Euro-American rs who expressed great es of artifacts that Blackford County has a the residents of Black thusi types of contact. Numerous personal ph —— esti ugh had bee in —_—_——— ilable for the at on and answer —— rhe Bl Both histori tation c and preh SeSSI c and eager out this project ford County. Landowners w asti there was broad ho gran to have tl “iw ackford County Historical thropology students Joseph reviewed all aspects of the istoric artifacts ttendees to view. Over 50 people on, and a sh ort discussion support for the ted permission heir fields surveyed. f artifacts we found and how thei one cal r property was ls were made terest in participating in the survey and shared n surface collected on thei n active and involved Historical Society and a arge collector community fascinated with their county’s prehistory and past. r property in the past. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_063.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215261/figure-64-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_064.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215264/figure-2-fifty-four-test-units-were-hand-excavated-across"><img alt="Fifty-four 1-x-1 m test units were hand excavated across the site (Figure 2). Thirty-five units were excavated to assess the horizontal and vertical extent of the site, while 17 units were excavated to assess the potential for subsurface features based on the results of the magnetometer survey. As a result, two features were identified and 1,918 artifacts were recovered. Artifact densities were quite variable across the site and were used to reassess the overall site boundaries. Based on test unit excavations, site boundaries were reduced from 20,700 m? to 12,231 m? (Trader et al. 2010:41). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_065.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215270/figure-3-accepc-dates-obtained-from-features"><img alt="Figure 3. Acceptable “C dates obtained from features. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_066.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215272/figure-67-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_067.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215274/figure-5-middle-woodland-late-woodland-and-late-prehistoric"><img alt="Figure 5. Middle Woodland, Late Woodland and Late Prehistoric projectile points: a. Lowe Flared Base; b Jack’s Reef Cluster point; c. Serrated Triangular point; d. Possible Cahokia Cluster point; e. Triangula point type. Photo by Kim Starbuck, Gray & Pape, Inc. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_068.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215277/figure-69-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_069.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215279/figure-1-our-most-recent-acquisition-undertaken-in-fort-in"><img alt="Our most recent acquisition -- undertaken in Fort” in Dearborn County, Known as the Oberting-Glenn Earthwork (12 an earth and stone wall enclosing about 20 ac feet in diameter, is located w the walls, and another four hought to be only such arc D 25) res. A ithin the earthwo were noted in th e€ Caf today. To create the preserve, thirty acres encompassi $300,000 with an additional 0 acres of wooded slope don Figure 1), conical bu rk. Three smaller buri y 19" cen Nnaco summer 2012 -- ogical site remaining in Indiana. the rial ng th tury, but have not been reloca e earthwork were purchased ated by tl is a Hopewell Culture “Hill hilltop enclosure is formed by mound, six feet high and sixty al mounds are present outside ted for he Glenn family. As Indiana’s population grows, its economy expands, and its urbanization increases, its arch aeological sites will come under greater than ever threats of destruction. The Archaeological Conservancy is actively seeking additional archaeological sites to acquire as permanent research preserves. Any archaeological site on private and that an archaeologist might want to investigate in the future is a potential candidate for acquisition as a permanent research preserve. Persons with information about archaeological sites on private land or who wish further information about the organization can visit our website www.americanarchaeology.com or write Paul Gardner, Midwest Regional Director, The Archaeological Conservancy, 3620 N. High St, Suite 307, Columbus, OH 43214. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_070.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215281/figure-71-the-monument-and-grounds-are-now-part-of-the"><img alt="The monument and grounds are now part of the George Rogers Cla Park, administered by the National Park Service. Sadly, no professional archaeological investigations appear to have been conducted prior to when the site for e excavation preparations for conducted in the 1930s. Bearss (1970:Chapter 6 (C) (2)), citing an unda the spri cleared of other existing structures, from Vincennes, reports that when rapidly deteriorate. Local historians investigations, attempting to locate have, however, been conducted in th the earth had not been disturbed [ probably those of a soldier or Indian bu remains of the fort and e area (Tomak 1972). O investigations (e.g. Bringelson 2010; Frost 1988, 1990; Kauf. -s and th specula [by mo nument construc Ruby 1997) have been made in the v cinity. ried in the 18” fter being exposed, they tion related activities], th information from that tim nes were deep in the gravel, whe rk National Historical the monument was the monument we ted newspaper artic nkler system for the memorial grounds w installed, human remains were recovered, and that “soon a ted that as the bo as bein began Sadaoaod ey we century.” Modern archaeological e period ther discoveries and archaeological mann et al. 2012; Lagemann 1975; " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_071.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215284/figure-72-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_072.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215286/figure-73-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_073.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215287/figure-74-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_074.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215289/figure-4-records-indicate-that-prior-toe-his-troops-arrived"><img alt="~ Records indicate that prior toe his troops arrived at Corn Island at the Falls of the Ohio area. T island, a blockhouse and cabins were built, and land was planted i 131, 471; Indiana Historical Bureau valuable archaeological evidence regarding this launching poi campaign. Unfortunately, the geograp damage in later periods, prevent any cu location. rrent archaeology from bei N COM 997:9). Remnants of these type nt loca — mbarking on the campaign to take Vincennes, Clark and roops and settlers occupied the Figure 4; English 1897: s of features would be tion for the Vincennes hy of the island (in a river setting), and its subsequent ng con ducted at this important Coming back to the Fa and mill (Barnhart and Riker not still stand. Today there is the general area (Figure 5). A by several individuals (Ansli 971:254) there on the property, but a reconstruction of what is thought rchaeological excavations have been White 2003) investigations h prehistory of the area. e, Indiana. He sadly the orig to be the style ave resulted in additional data to conducted in th nger 2001:1-2; Janzen 1972), and more recent Is of the Ohio area in 1803, Clark settled on land (Clark’s Point) in what is now part of the Falls of the Ohio State Park in Clarksvil had a log cabin inal cabin does of his cabin in e general area archaeological help interpret th e history and " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_075.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215291/figure-76-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/figure_076.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215294/table-1-timber-types-analyzed-from-community-house-no-more"><img alt="Table 1. Timber types analyzed from Community House No. 2. More than one species of tree may be called by a single timber type because identification to the species level is not always possible for various timber types. A species is considered possible and is listed below if its natural distribution occurs in Posey County, Indiana. Species distributions are based on Jackson (2004); taxonomy and nomenclature follows Gleason and Cronquist (1991). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_001.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215303/table-2-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_002.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215304/table-3-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_003.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215307/table-4-series-and-segment-year-segments-overlapping-by"><img alt="Table 4. Series and segment (50-year segments overlapping by 25 years) correlation analysis and mean and standard deviation (mm) of each dated series from Community House No. 2. In each column headed by a set of dates the correlation coefficient found by correlating each of the series’ segments against all other series of that species is given. A correlation coefficient greater than 0.328 indicates a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01). " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_004.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215311/table-5-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_005.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215312/table-6-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_006.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215315/table-7-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="Discussion " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_007.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215317/table-1-surveys-were-field-investigated-as-part-of-this"><img alt="surveys were field investigated as part of this multi-year survey effort and were re-surveyed as part of the current project (Table 1). In conjunction with the MCRS survey was the development of a program called Indiana Submerged A rtifact and Vessel Evaluation (SAVE). This program was launched in 1983 by the IDNR as a response to an individual who attempted to salvage the wreck of the J. D. Marshall in Porter County (Ellis 1987a:1). The goal of the SAVE program was to incorporate professional expertise within the IDNR from the DHPA and the Division of Law Enforcement (DLE) to effectively document and evaluate submerged cultural resources. This program was diminished the late 1980s because of other agency obligations. aie om) <a cee: 7 " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_008.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215319/table-9-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_009.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215321/table-10-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_010.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215323/table-11-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_011.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215325/table-12-the-frequency-of-identified-components-encountered"><img alt="The frequency of identified components encountered in the project area was similar to what had already been identified in Blackford County. One new cultural period (Middle A rchaic) " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_012.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215326/table-13-cultural-were-added-along-ww-upon-co-late-archaic"><img alt="cultural were added along Ww Upon co Late Archaic), s Woodland), and pe Ohio River Val procurement strategies that focus on local resources and long-term base camps (Jefferies 2008 Th e Great Lakes region by contrast evinces long-distance mobility and resource gathering, with six Woodland sites (two Early Woodland, two Middle Woodland and two La ley evinces settlement patterns that favor valley and riverine settings an 47 historic sites. Prior to this survey project the Middle Archaic period was not represented in the SHAARD database for Blackford County. In general, the Middle Archai riod is not well understood in the state of Indiana (Jones and Johnson 2008:5). The Lower mpletion of fieldwork and artifact processing, we have been able to add to the chronology of the county. One hundred and thirty-nine Unidentified Prehistoric sites ith eight Archaic sites (three Early Archaic, one Middle Archaic and four Le C d ). short-term base camps located near water sources (Lovis et al. 2005). In the Tipton Till Plain the Mi is difficult and presumptuous ddle A rchaic with the site. period is not well known, and Wepler and Cochran (1982) attribute this lack of knowledge to a misidentification of point types and a lack in clear archaeological reporting. Blackford County lies in the center of these three sub-regions and with only one site identified ss eee it to ascribe any kind of cultural behavior that might be associated but we were unsuccessful in obtaining the necessary permission or ground surface visibility. Floodplains only occurred along the Salamonie River and Big and Little Lick Creeks. Therefore, settlement patterns for the different cultural contexts are difficult to ascertain. Without a differentiation in landform type, Blackford County is predominantly only representative of one history of taphonomic, geomorphic, and pedogenic processes. " class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_013.jpg" /></a></figure><figure class="figure-slide-container"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/figures/25215327/table-14-control-of-their-bodies-control-of-their-votes-pins"><img alt="" class="figure-slide-image" src="https://figures.academia-assets.com/32890457/table_014.jpg" /></a></figure></div><div class="next-slide-container js-next-button-container"><button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-navigation-button js-profile-work-5907656-figures-next"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">arrow_forward_ios</span></button></div></div></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a698beacd8eb98c4f17a34ad08bb0aa4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":32890457,"asset_id":5907656,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32890457/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="5907656"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5907656"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5907656; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5907656]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5907656]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5907656; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='5907656']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a698beacd8eb98c4f17a34ad08bb0aa4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=5907656]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":5907656,"title":"Control of Their Bodies, Control of Their Votes: Pins and Prophylactics Tell the Suffragette Story","translated_title":"","metadata":{"more_info":"Co-Authored by Jay VanderVeen","ai_abstract":"The paper explores the dual symbolism of suffragette pins and contraceptives in the fight for women's rights, demonstrating how these items represent both bodily autonomy and political agency. The research delves into historical narratives surrounding the suffrage movement, contrasting the personal experiences of women with the broader societal implications of their struggle for control over their bodies and votes.","ai_title_tag":"Suffragette Symbols: Autonomy and Agency","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":12,"year":2013,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"INDIANA ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 8 Number 1 2013"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5907656/Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their_Votes_Pins_and_Prophylactics_Tell_the_Suffragette_Story","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2014-01-31T22:32:42.626-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":5658996,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":6597438,"work_id":5907656,"tagging_user_id":5658996,"tagged_user_id":10183,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"j***r@iusb.edu","affiliation":"Indiana University South Bend","display_order":1,"name":"James M VanderVeen","title":"Control of Their Bodies, Control of Their Votes: Pins and Prophylactics Tell the Suffragette Story"},{"id":31858406,"work_id":5907656,"tagging_user_id":10183,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":6744519,"email":"d***a@dnr.in.gov","display_order":4194304,"name":"Indiana Shpo","title":"Control of Their Bodies, Control of Their Votes: Pins and Prophylactics Tell the Suffragette Story"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32890457,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32890457/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2013_Journal.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32890457/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32890457/2013_Journal-libre.pdf?1391650146=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DControl_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=E5miKarJd2BzToBFXawMTXM2~cbR7xg0W~fDWr~uxbABMN6FNiaseDlTxS6cjt91844YpwD1ZoWEWUMMRAwkvoSHqBR14A5YvSXAep14kd-dF5x1-IiemZEE1TJMM1gvMwYAzO6B3dT9S~SVb0zoa8o~d~jkKL47MFgKNX1dwPKQ7jexdSnoxxzow9D8X3Hq~IuEBifVtx3U-L9fhJQVqNrgtBGjW6Sy1TKcEWvSaamDQfM~MYvm7YYewfiAyiayBRBt2COxuLUgYOXbhk0EJkEQmyLV5bZGDnvB8XiZZwBIvLASIjwj6MmLCw9fbJBQIICaFgzF2vWQkXK~Ny0izA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their_Votes_Pins_and_Prophylactics_Tell_the_Suffragette_Story","translated_slug":"","page_count":161,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":null,"owner":{"id":5658996,"first_name":"Rebecca","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Gibson","page_name":"RebeccaGibson","domain_name":"american","created_at":"2013-09-20T08:56:59.215-07:00","display_name":"Rebecca Gibson","url":"https://american.academia.edu/RebeccaGibson"},"attachments":[{"id":32890457,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/32890457/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"2013_Journal.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32890457/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Control_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/32890457/2013_Journal-libre.pdf?1391650146=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DControl_of_Their_Bodies_Control_of_Their.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578625\u0026Signature=E5miKarJd2BzToBFXawMTXM2~cbR7xg0W~fDWr~uxbABMN6FNiaseDlTxS6cjt91844YpwD1ZoWEWUMMRAwkvoSHqBR14A5YvSXAep14kd-dF5x1-IiemZEE1TJMM1gvMwYAzO6B3dT9S~SVb0zoa8o~d~jkKL47MFgKNX1dwPKQ7jexdSnoxxzow9D8X3Hq~IuEBifVtx3U-L9fhJQVqNrgtBGjW6Sy1TKcEWvSaamDQfM~MYvm7YYewfiAyiayBRBt2COxuLUgYOXbhk0EJkEQmyLV5bZGDnvB8XiZZwBIvLASIjwj6MmLCw9fbJBQIICaFgzF2vWQkXK~Ny0izA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (true) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-5907656-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37321738"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321738/Finding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non_Destructive_Protocol_for_Absorbed_Residue_Analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Finding Food While Protecting Pots: A Non-Destructive Protocol for Absorbed Residue Analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278935/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321738/Finding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non_Destructive_Protocol_for_Absorbed_Residue_Analysis">Finding Food While Protecting Pots: A Non-Destructive Protocol for Absorbed Residue Analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Archaeometry</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The technique of absorbed residue analysis is now used in archaeology to extract and identify foo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The technique of absorbed residue analysis is now used in archaeology to extract and identify food compounds from pottery sherds in order to reconstruct the diet of people in the past.  Often, this method can be used to decribe particular species of plants or animals processed within the vessel due to the recovery of their specific biomarkers even after hundreds of years of burial.  The analytical procedure, however, has involved irrevocably destroying at least small samples of the ceramic material.  Therefore museum pieces, complete vessels, or irreplaceable sherds are poor choices for this technique.  This study developed and tested an alternative protocol that would be able to remove organic compounds from within pottery sherds without causing any detectable damage.  The new technique was successfully tested on a small number of ceramic fragments from in and around the site of La Isabela in the Dominican Republic, the first European town in the New World.  The protocol yeilded similar results to the standard method of residue extraction, and can be utilized on many different types of ceramic vessels.  This new method will be of considerable benefit to researchers seeking to gather data concerning subsistence patterns and the use of organic material by early people while doing the least harm to valuable artifacts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f4d174c683d7395d29908d0bcd73b13f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57278935,"asset_id":37321738,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278935/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37321738"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37321738"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321738; 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Often, this method can be used to decribe particular species of plants or animals processed within the vessel due to the recovery of their specific biomarkers even after hundreds of years of burial. The analytical procedure, however, has involved irrevocably destroying at least small samples of the ceramic material. Therefore museum pieces, complete vessels, or irreplaceable sherds are poor choices for this technique. This study developed and tested an alternative protocol that would be able to remove organic compounds from within pottery sherds without causing any detectable damage. The new technique was successfully tested on a small number of ceramic fragments from in and around the site of La Isabela in the Dominican Republic, the first European town in the New World. The protocol yeilded similar results to the standard method of residue extraction, and can be utilized on many different types of ceramic vessels. This new method will be of considerable benefit to researchers seeking to gather data concerning subsistence patterns and the use of organic material by early people while doing the least harm to valuable artifacts.","ai_title_tag":"Non-Destructive Food Analysis in Archaeology","page_numbers":"473-477","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2011,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Archaeometry"},"translated_abstract":"The technique of absorbed residue analysis is now used in archaeology to extract and identify food compounds from pottery sherds in order to reconstruct the diet of people in the past. Often, this method can be used to decribe particular species of plants or animals processed within the vessel due to the recovery of their specific biomarkers even after hundreds of years of burial. The analytical procedure, however, has involved irrevocably destroying at least small samples of the ceramic material. Therefore museum pieces, complete vessels, or irreplaceable sherds are poor choices for this technique. This study developed and tested an alternative protocol that would be able to remove organic compounds from within pottery sherds without causing any detectable damage. The new technique was successfully tested on a small number of ceramic fragments from in and around the site of La Isabela in the Dominican Republic, the first European town in the New World. The protocol yeilded similar results to the standard method of residue extraction, and can be utilized on many different types of ceramic vessels. This new method will be of considerable benefit to researchers seeking to gather data concerning subsistence patterns and the use of organic material by early people while doing the least harm to valuable artifacts.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37321738/Finding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non_Destructive_Protocol_for_Absorbed_Residue_Analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2018-08-31T07:41:25.477-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":10183,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57278935,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278935/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Proc_Internat_Symp_Arch_2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278935/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Finding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57278935/Proc_Internat_Symp_Arch_2011-libre.pdf?1535726858=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFinding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578626\u0026Signature=Il1TD99LLrR4I4fEEtxoI5pD8R76dilkezucucmqXNwqAQBtYOFmfZK~pwowR4MG~KT2vDsUcTdc8AYQC2lA6ct5JcML6OfeSJjDPveZFGgdRZCjbPC1u~Ipy8u4uMFhYS2sGlsA7jx~WIsHJ1jrIQUC7iMPES3cKoXdkU3jinRg2cwr9TMrazUBNQfFfQ8mruttqCJ2f57wLpTxVjV041rBnCXkRqwpr0vHk6d0o31WxdAOCTyDLfTfCwdXzzD1UXVGvgNm255UE8qT4RlJLCX5PgzHat0S1IhzxGpC1sMjHHuLgkNnai1H1QpOxNEY-~PispCjMbueK4gQDy1wJA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Finding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non_Destructive_Protocol_for_Absorbed_Residue_Analysis","translated_slug":"","page_count":5,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"The technique of absorbed residue analysis is now used in archaeology to extract and identify food compounds from pottery sherds in order to reconstruct the diet of people in the past. Often, this method can be used to decribe particular species of plants or animals processed within the vessel due to the recovery of their specific biomarkers even after hundreds of years of burial. The analytical procedure, however, has involved irrevocably destroying at least small samples of the ceramic material. Therefore museum pieces, complete vessels, or irreplaceable sherds are poor choices for this technique. This study developed and tested an alternative protocol that would be able to remove organic compounds from within pottery sherds without causing any detectable damage. The new technique was successfully tested on a small number of ceramic fragments from in and around the site of La Isabela in the Dominican Republic, the first European town in the New World. The protocol yeilded similar results to the standard method of residue extraction, and can be utilized on many different types of ceramic vessels. This new method will be of considerable benefit to researchers seeking to gather data concerning subsistence patterns and the use of organic material by early people while doing the least harm to valuable artifacts.","owner":{"id":10183,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":"M","last_name":"VanderVeen","page_name":"JayVanderVeen","domain_name":"iusb","created_at":"2008-10-23T10:17:47.235-07:00","display_name":"James M VanderVeen","url":"https://iusb.academia.edu/JayVanderVeen"},"attachments":[{"id":57278935,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57278935/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Proc_Internat_Symp_Arch_2011.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57278935/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Finding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/57278935/Proc_Internat_Symp_Arch_2011-libre.pdf?1535726858=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFinding_Food_While_Protecting_Pots_A_Non.pdf\u0026Expires=1743578626\u0026Signature=Il1TD99LLrR4I4fEEtxoI5pD8R76dilkezucucmqXNwqAQBtYOFmfZK~pwowR4MG~KT2vDsUcTdc8AYQC2lA6ct5JcML6OfeSJjDPveZFGgdRZCjbPC1u~Ipy8u4uMFhYS2sGlsA7jx~WIsHJ1jrIQUC7iMPES3cKoXdkU3jinRg2cwr9TMrazUBNQfFfQ8mruttqCJ2f57wLpTxVjV041rBnCXkRqwpr0vHk6d0o31WxdAOCTyDLfTfCwdXzzD1UXVGvgNm255UE8qT4RlJLCX5PgzHat0S1IhzxGpC1sMjHHuLgkNnai1H1QpOxNEY-~PispCjMbueK4gQDy1wJA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology"},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies"},{"id":14144,"name":"Taíno","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taino"},{"id":24552,"name":"Caribbean Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caribbean_Archaeology"},{"id":43678,"name":"Food Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Studies"},{"id":129538,"name":"Christopher Columbus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christopher_Columbus"},{"id":311941,"name":"Lipid analysis of absorbed residues in archaeological pottery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipid_analysis_of_absorbed_residues_in_archaeological_pottery"},{"id":475500,"name":"Christopher Columbus and Early European Exploration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Christopher_Columbus_and_Early_European_Exploration"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") if (false) { Aedu.setUpFigureCarousel('profile-work-37321738-figures'); } }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="37321822"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321822/Food_Choices_at_First_Contact_Testing_the_Colombian_Exchange_in_Hispaniola"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Food Choices at First Contact: Testing the Colombian Exchange in Hispaniola" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57279029/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37321822/Food_Choices_at_First_Contact_Testing_the_Colombian_Exchange_in_Hispaniola">Food Choices at First Contact: Testing the Colombian Exchange in Hispaniola</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Twenty-third Congress of the International Association for Caribbean Archaeology</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The chroniclers of the European exploration of the Greater Antilles lauded the abundance of edibl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The chroniclers of the European exploration of the Greater Antilles lauded the abundance of edible resources they encountered. Yet sailors often complained of hunger and even starvation. The historical texts, indirectly supported by a lack of faunal and floral remains in the archaeological record, suggest the Europeans refused to eat the same foods that sustained the Taínos. Recent evidence collected from domestic vessels, however, tells a different story. Fatty acids and other organic molecules preserved within the walls of cooking pots show how the subsistence patterns of both cultures were rapidly and significantly influenced by their contact. The foods eaten by the Europeans were much the same as those in a typical Taíno meal, and the Taíno integrated at least one Old World resource into their own diets. This previously unknown interchange of foodways results in a revision of our understanding about the behaviors of colonizing and colonized peoples. Résumé: Bien que les documents historiques témoignent de l'abondance de ressources vivrières découvertes dans le Nouveau Monde, les colons, eux, se plaignaient de la faim qui ravageait. Les quelques restes/vestiges végétaux et animaux qui ont été préservés amènent à soupçonner que les Européens refusaient de manger la même nourriture que les indigènes. Cependant, les indices collectes des pots céramiques racontent une histoire différente. Les molécules organiques préservées dans les pots de cuisine montrent que les habitudes culinaires des deux cultures se sont influencées mutuellement à leur contact. La nourriture des Européens était la même que la nourriture typiquement Taino, et les Taino ont emprunte au moins une recette de l'Ancien Monde. Cet échange de nourriture qui n'était pas connue jusqu'ici met en question notre compréhension des comportements des colons et des peuples colonisés. Resumen: Mientras que los documentos históricos celebran la cantidad de los primeros recursos de alimento encontrados en el nuevo mundo, los colonos se quejaron del hambre. Los pocos restos de animales y plantas sugieren que los europeos rechazaban comer los mismos alimentos que comía la gente local. La evidencia reciente recogida de los platos de cerámica domésticos cuenta una diversa historia. Las moléculas orgánicas preservadas en dichos platos de demuestran que los patrones dietéticos de ambas culturas fueron influenciadas enormemente por su contacto. Los alimentos comidos por los europeos eran muy parecidos a los de una comida típica de los taínos, y los taínos agregaron rápidamente por lo menos un recurso del Viejo Mundo en sus propias comidas. Este intercambio previamente desconocido de alimentos revisa nuestra comprensión de los comportamientos de la colonización y de la gente colonizada.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="37899c06caa8e77e9c92f36407f7211d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57279029,"asset_id":37321822,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57279029/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37321822"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37321822"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321822; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37321822]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37321822]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37321822; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37321822']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "37899c06caa8e77e9c92f36407f7211d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37321822]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37321822,"title":"Food Choices at First Contact: Testing the Colombian Exchange in Hispaniola","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The chroniclers of the European exploration of the Greater Antilles lauded the abundance of edible resources they encountered. 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Las moléculas orgánicas preservadas en dichos platos de demuestran que los patrones dietéticos de ambas culturas fueron influenciadas enormemente por su contacto. Los alimentos comidos por los europeos eran muy parecidos a los de una comida típica de los taínos, y los taínos agregaron rápidamente por lo menos un recurso del Viejo Mundo en sus propias comidas. 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