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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%84" title="كرل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84_(%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="کرل (نرم‌افزار) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرل (نرم‌افزار)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curl_(datorprogram)" title="Curl (datorprogram) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Curl (datorprogram)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CURL" title="CURL – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="CURL" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q286306#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Free URL data transfer client software</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Length" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">lead section</a> <b>may be too short to adequately <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">summarize</a> the key points</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider expanding the lead to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Provide_an_accessible_overview" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">provide an accessible overview</a> of all important aspects of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Curl_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Curl (disambiguation)">Curl</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Curl_(programming_language)" title="Curl (programming language)">Curl (programming language)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">curl</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Curl-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Curl-logo.svg/120px-Curl-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Curl-logo.svg/180px-Curl-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Curl-logo.svg/240px-Curl-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="129" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CURL_downloading_CURL_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/CURL_downloading_CURL_screenshot.png/250px-CURL_downloading_CURL_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/CURL_downloading_CURL_screenshot.png/330px-CURL_downloading_CURL_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/CURL_downloading_CURL_screenshot.png/500px-CURL_downloading_CURL_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="57" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Example output from <code>curl -O</code></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Stenberg" title="Daniel Stenberg">Daniel Stenberg</a><sup id="cite_ref-17yearhistory_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17yearhistory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curl.se/docs/thanks.html">Contributors to the curl project</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1996<span class="noprint">; 29 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1996</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-history_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">8.13.0<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-477675aec415b802d3b49000146c70942af182ef-v18_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-477675aec415b802d3b49000146c70942af182ef-v18-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286306?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 2 April 2025</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/curl/curl">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/curl<wbr />/curl</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286306#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_client" class="mw-redirect" title="Web client">web client</a> (supports e.g. <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/FTP_client" class="mw-redirect" title="FTP client">FTP</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">curl license<sup id="cite_ref-spdx_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spdx-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-license_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-license-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (inspired on the <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a><sup id="cite_ref-license_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-license-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), also <a href="/wiki/ISC_license" title="ISC license">ISC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">3-clause BSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSD_licenses" title="BSD licenses">4-clause BSD</a><sup id="cite_ref-licenses_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-licenses-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curl.se/">curl<wbr />.se</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286306#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>cURL</b> (pronounced like "curl",<sup id="cite_ref-FAQ,_haxx.se_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQ,_haxx.se-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a computer software project providing a <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a> (<b>libcurl</b>) and <a href="/wiki/Command-line_tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line tool">command-line tool</a> (<b>curl</b>) for transferring data using various network <a href="/wiki/Protocol_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (computing)">protocols</a>. The name stands for "Client for <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Stenberg,_haxx.se,_2018_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stenberg,_haxx.se,_2018-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CURL&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>curl was first released in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-RelFirst_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RelFirst-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally named <i>httpget</i> and then became <i>urlget</i> before adopting the current name of curl<sup id="cite_ref-cURL_changelog,_2020_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cURL_changelog,_2020-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stenberg,_Haxx_SE,_2020_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stenberg,_Haxx_SE,_2020-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original author and lead developer is the Swedish developer <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Stenberg" title="Daniel Stenberg">Daniel Stenberg</a>, who created curl because he wanted to automate the fetching of currency exchange rates for <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">IRC</a> users.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="libcurl">libcurl</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CURL&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: libcurl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>libcurl is a free client-side URL transfer <a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">library</a> that powers curl,<sup id="cite_ref-BlueOne_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlueOne-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supporting <a href="/wiki/Cookie_(web)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cookie (web)">cookies</a>, <a href="/wiki/DICT" title="DICT">DICT</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTP" class="mw-redirect" title="FTP">FTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTPS" title="FTPS">FTPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)" title="Gopher (protocol)">Gopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP/1</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stenberg,_GitHub,_2019_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stenberg,_GitHub,_2019-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (with <a href="/wiki/HTTP/2" title="HTTP/2">HTTP/2</a> and <a href="/wiki/HTTP/3" title="HTTP/3">HTTP/3</a> support), <a href="/wiki/HTTP_POST" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP POST">HTTP POST</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTTP_PUT" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP PUT">HTTP PUT</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTTP_proxy" class="mw-redirect" title="HTTP proxy">HTTP proxy</a> tunneling, <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IMAP" class="mw-redirect" title="IMAP">IMAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(protocol)" title="Kerberos (protocol)">Kerberos</a>, <a href="/wiki/LDAP" class="mw-redirect" title="LDAP">LDAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT">MQTT</a>, <a href="/wiki/POP3" class="mw-redirect" title="POP3">POP3</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTSP" class="mw-redirect" title="RTSP">RTSP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real-Time_Messaging_Protocol" title="Real-Time Messaging Protocol">RTMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secure_copy" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure copy">SCP</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMTP" class="mw-redirect" title="SMTP">SMTP</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">SMB</a>. The library supports the <a href="/wiki/File_URI_scheme" title="File URI scheme">file URI scheme</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="SSH File Transfer Protocol">SFTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trivial_File_Transfer_Protocol" title="Trivial File Transfer Protocol">TFTP</a>, file transfer resume, FTP uploading, HTTP form-based upload, HTTPS certificates, LDAPS, proxies, and user-plus-password authentication.<sup id="cite_ref-curl1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curl1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The libcurl library is portable, as it builds and works identically on most platforms, including <a href="/wiki/AIX" class="mw-redirect" title="AIX">AIX</a>, <a href="/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Tablet_OS" title="BlackBerry Tablet OS">BlackBerry Tablet OS</a> and <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Blackberry,_GitHub_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackberry,_GitHub-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">OpenVMS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a>, <a href="/wiki/HURD" class="mw-redirect" title="HURD">HURD</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/IRIX" title="IRIX">IRIX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/NetWare" title="NetWare">NetWare</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>, <a href="/wiki/QNX_Neutrino" class="mw-redirect" title="QNX Neutrino">QNX Neutrino</a>, <a href="/wiki/RISC_OS" title="RISC OS">RISC OS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tru64" class="mw-redirect" title="Tru64">Tru64</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultrix" title="Ultrix">Ultrix</a>, <a href="/wiki/UnixWare" title="UnixWare">UnixWare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Microsoft_Techcommunity_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Microsoft_Techcommunity-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The libcurl library is <a href="/wiki/Thread-safe" class="mw-redirect" title="Thread-safe">thread-safe</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a> compatible. <a href="/wiki/Language_binding" title="Language binding">Bindings</a> are available for more than 50 <a href="/wiki/Computer_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer languages">languages</a>, including <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>/<a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a> (is bundled with), <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The libcurl library supports <a href="/wiki/GnuTLS" title="GnuTLS">GnuTLS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mbed_TLS" title="Mbed TLS">mbed TLS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Network_Security_Services" title="Network Security Services">NSS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gskit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gskit (page does not exist)">gskit</a> on <a href="/wiki/IBM_i" title="IBM i">IBM i</a>, <a href="/wiki/Security_Support_Provider_Interface" title="Security Support Provider Interface">SChannel</a> on Windows, <a href="/wiki/Secure_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Transport">Secure Transport</a> on macOS and iOS, <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">SSL/TLS</a> through <a href="/wiki/OpenSSL" title="OpenSSL">OpenSSL</a>, <a href="/wiki/BoringSSL" class="mw-redirect" title="BoringSSL">BoringSSL</a>, <a href="/wiki/LibreSSL" title="LibreSSL">libreSSL</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AmiSSL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AmiSSL (page does not exist)">AmiSSL</a>, <a href="/wiki/WolfSSL" title="WolfSSL">wolfSSL</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=BearSSL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BearSSL (page does not exist)">BearSSL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rustls" title="Rustls">rustls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="curl">curl</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CURL&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: curl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>curl is a command-line tool for getting or sending data including files using <a href="/wiki/URL" title="URL">URL</a> syntax. curl provides an interface to the libcurl library; it supports every protocol libcurl supports.<sup id="cite_ref-curl1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curl1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>curl supports <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a> and performs SSL certificate verification by default when a secure protocol is specified such as HTTPS. When curl connects to a remote server via HTTPS, it will obtain the remote server certificate, then check against its <a href="/wiki/CA_certificate" class="mw-redirect" title="CA certificate">CA certificate</a> store the validity of the remote server to ensure the remote server is the one it claims to be. Some curl packages are bundled with CA certificate store file. There are several options to specify a CA certificate such as <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">--cacert</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">--capath</span>. The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">--cacert</span> option can be used to specify the location of the CA certificate store file. In the Windows platform, if a CA certificate file is not specified, curl will look for a CA certificate file name “curl-ca-bundle.crt” in the following order: </p> <ol><li>Directory where the curl program is located.</li> <li>Current working directory.</li> <li>Windows system directory.</li> <li>Windows directory.</li> <li>Directories specified in the %PATH% environment variables.<sup id="cite_ref-SSL,_haxx.se_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSL,_haxx.se-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>curl will return an error message if the remote server is using a self-signed certificate, or if the remote server certificate is not signed by a CA listed in the CA cert file. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">-k</span> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">--insecure</span> option can be used to skip certificate verification. Alternatively, if the remote server is trusted, the remote server CA certificate can be added to the CA certificate store file. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CURL&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Basic use of curl involves simply typing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734" /><span class="monospaced">curl</span> at the command line, followed by the URL of the output to retrieve: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>www.example.com </pre></div> <p>curl defaults to displaying the output it retrieves to the standard output specified on the system (usually the terminal window). So running the command above, on most systems, displays the HTML contents of www.example.com in plain text on the active terminal window. The -o flag can be used to store the output in a file instead: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-console mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span>example.html<span class="w"> </span>www.example.com </pre></div> <p>More options that change the tool's behavior are available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CURL&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curl-loader" title="Curl-loader">curl-loader</a> – an open-source testing tool based on curl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libwww" title="Libwww">libwww</a> – an early library that comes with a command line interface</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a> – the <i>iwr</i> (Invoke-WebRequest) Windows PowerShell had functionality similar to curl; class Web-client too.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryan,_Ryandel,_2018_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryan,_Ryandel,_2018-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_crawler" title="Web crawler">Web crawler</a> – an internet bot that can crawl the web</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wget" title="Wget">Wget</a> – similar command-line tool with no associated library but capable of recursive downloading</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CURL&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17yearhistory-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17yearhistory_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStenberg2015" class="citation web cs1">Stenberg, Daniel (20 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2015/03/20/curl-17-years-old-today/">"curl, 17 years old today"</a>. <i>daniel.haxx.se</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=daniel.haxx.se&rft.atitle=curl%2C+17+years+old+today&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft.aulast=Stenberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaniel.haxx.se%2Fblog%2F2015%2F03%2F20%2Fcurl-17-years-old-today%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930163727/https://curl.se/docs/history.html">"History of curl - How curl Became Like This"</a>. curl. 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He then came up with the idea to make currency-exchange calculations available to Internet Relay Chat (IRC) users.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+curl+-+How+curl+Became+Like+This&rft.pub=curl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcurl.se%2Fdocs%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-477675aec415b802d3b49000146c70942af182ef-v18-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-477675aec415b802d3b49000146c70942af182ef-v18_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Stenberg" class="citation web cs1">Daniel Stenberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curl.se/mail/archive-2025-04/0000.html">"Curl: [RELEASE] curl 8.13.0"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=curl.se&rft.atitle=curl+-+copyright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcurl.se%2Fdocs%2Fcopyright.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-licenses-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-licenses_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMehlStenberg2022" class="citation web cs1">Mehl, Max; Stenberg, Daniel (June 13, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/curl/curl/commit/ad9bc5976d6661cd5b03ebc379313bf657701c14">"Commit "copyright: make repository REUSE compliant"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>GitHub.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub.com&rft.atitle=Commit+%22copyright%3A+make+repository+REUSE+compliant%22&rft.date=2022-06-13&rft.aulast=Mehl&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.au=Stenberg%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcurl%2Fcurl%2Fcommit%2Fad9bc5976d6661cd5b03ebc379313bf657701c14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAQ,_haxx.se-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FAQ,_haxx.se_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curl.se/docs/faq.html">"curl - Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <i>curl.se</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=curl.se&rft.atitle=curl+-+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcurl.se%2Fdocs%2Ffaq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stenberg,_haxx.se,_2018-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stenberg,_haxx.se,_2018_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStenberg" class="citation web cs1">Stenberg, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://everything.curl.dev/project/name">"Origin of the name"</a>. <i>curl.se</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IBM+Developerworks&rft.atitle=Conversing+through+the+Internet+with+cURL+and+libcurl+-+Using+libcurl+with+C+and+Python&rft.date=2009-09-08&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=M.+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdeveloperworks%2Flibrary%2Fos-curl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stenberg,_GitHub,_2019-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stenberg,_GitHub,_2019_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStenberg2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Stenberg" title="Daniel Stenberg">Stenberg, Daniel</a> (5 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190805160316/https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/4191/commits/2723285b39a19151808c92efa859d3afae46898e">"http09: disable HTTP/0.9 by default in both tool and library"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/curl/curl/pull/4191/commits/2723285b39a19151808c92efa859d3afae46898e">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(html)</span> on 5 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2019</span>. <q>As the plan has been laid out in Deprecated. Update docs accordingly and verify in test 1174.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=http09%3A+disable+HTTP%2F0.9+by+default+in+both+tool+and+library&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft.aulast=Stenberg&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcurl%2Fcurl%2Fpull%2F4191%2Fcommits%2F2723285b39a19151808c92efa859d3afae46898e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-curl1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-curl1_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curl1_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curl.se/docs/manpage.html">"curl - How To Use"</a>. <i>curl.se</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=curl.se&rft.atitle=curl+-+How+To+Use&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcurl.se%2Fdocs%2Fmanpage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blackberry,_GitHub-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blackberry,_GitHub_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130127102233/http://blackberry.github.com/ndk/components.html">"Open Source Components for the Native SDK for BlackBerry Tablet OS"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blackberry.github.com/ndk/components.html">the original</a> on 2013-01-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+Source+Components+for+the+Native+SDK+for+BlackBerry+Tablet+OS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblackberry.github.com%2Fndk%2Fcomponents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gitee.com/openharmony/third_party_curl">"Third-party open-source software Curl"</a>. <i>Gitee</i>. OpenAtom OpenHarmony<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gitee&rft.atitle=Third-party+open-source+software+Curl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgitee.com%2Fopenharmony%2Fthird_party_curl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/openharmony/third_party_curl">"Third-party open-source software Curl"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>. OpenAtom OpenHarmony<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Third-party+open-source+software+Curl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fopenharmony%2Fthird_party_curl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Microsoft_Techcommunity-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Microsoft_Techcommunity_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/containers/tar-and-curl-come-to-windows/ba-p/382409">"Tar and Curl Come to Windows!"</a>. <i>techcommunity.microsoft.com</i>. March 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=techcommunity.microsoft.com&rft.atitle=Tar+and+Curl+Come+to+Windows%21&rft.date=2019-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcommunity.microsoft.com%2Ft5%2Fcontainers%2Ftar-and-curl-come-to-windows%2Fba-p%2F382409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curl.se/libcurl/bindings.html">"libcurl bindings"</a>. curl.se.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=libcurl+bindings&rft.pub=curl.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcurl.se%2Flibcurl%2Fbindings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daniel.haxx.se/blog/2021/02/09/curl-supports-rustls/">"curl supports rustls | daniel.haxx.se"</a>. 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=curl+supports+rustls+%7C+daniel.haxx.se&rft.date=2021-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaniel.haxx.se%2Fblog%2F2021%2F02%2F09%2Fcurl-supports-rustls%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SSL,_haxx.se-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SSL,_haxx.se_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html">"curl - SSL CA Certificates"</a>. <i>curl.se</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=curl.se&rft.atitle=curl+-+SSL+CA+Certificates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcurl.se%2Fdocs%2Fsslcerts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ryan,_Ryandel,_2018-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ryan,_Ryandel,_2018_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDel2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Del, Ryan (2 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ryadel.com/curl-wget-comandi-equivalenti-alternative-windows-command-line-prompt-powershell/">"Comandi equivalenti a cURL e Wget per Windows command-line con Powershell"</a> [cURL and Wget equivalent commands for Windows command-line with Powershell] <span class="cs1-format">(html)</span>. <i>Ryadel</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>. <q>Per emulare il comportamento del comando Linux cURL, è sufficiente creare un file cURL.ps1 contenente la seguente riga di codice</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ryadel&rft.atitle=Comandi+equivalenti+a+cURL+e+Wget+per+Windows+command-line+con+Powershell&rft.date=2018-03-02&rft.aulast=Del&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ryadel.com%2Fcurl-wget-comandi-equivalenti-alternative-windows-command-line-prompt-powershell%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACURL" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=CURL&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> 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colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">Client software</a> for downloading <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">computer files</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">Freeware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CryptLoad" title="CryptLoad">CryptLoad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashGet" title="FlashGet">FlashGet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Studio" title="Free Studio">Free Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealDownloader" class="mw-redirect" title="RealDownloader">RealDownloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_DownloadHelper" title="Video DownloadHelper">Video DownloadHelper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunlei" title="Xunlei">Xunlei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shareware" title="Shareware">Shareware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DownloadStudio" title="DownloadStudio">DownloadStudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freemake_Video_Downloader" title="Freemake Video Downloader">Freemake Video Downloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GetRight" title="GetRight">GetRight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go!Zilla" title="Go!Zilla">Go!Zilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Download_Manager" title="Internet Download Manager">Internet Download Manager</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orbit_Downloader" title="Orbit Downloader">Orbit Downloader</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KGet" class="mw-redirect" title="KGet">KGet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multi-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-platform">Multi-platform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ClipGrab" title="ClipGrab">ClipGrab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">cURL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DownThemAll!" title="DownThemAll!">DownThemAll!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashGot" title="FlashGot">FlashGot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Download_Manager" title="Free Download Manager">Free Download Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JDownloader" title="JDownloader">JDownloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediathekView" title="MediathekView">MediathekView</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wget" title="Wget">Wget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youtube-dl" title="Youtube-dl">youtube-dl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_download_managers" title="Comparison of download managers">Comparison of download managers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalink" title="Metalink">Metalink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins413" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Windows_commands" title="Template:Windows commands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Windows_commands" title="Template talk:Windows commands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Windows_commands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Windows commands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Windows_command-line_programs_and_shell_builtins413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-line</a> programs and <a href="/wiki/Shell_builtin" title="Shell builtin">shell builtins</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ecosystem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interpreter" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-line interpreter">Interpreters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">Terminals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Windows Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Windows Terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File system navigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cd_(command)" title="Cd (command)">cd</a> (chdir)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dir_(command)" title="Dir (command)">dir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushd_and_popd" title="Pushd and popd">popd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushd_and_popd" title="Pushd and popd">pushd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_(command)" title="Tree (command)">tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATTRIB" title="ATTRIB">attrib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacls" title="Cacls">cacls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">cipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact (computing)">compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_(command)" title="Copy (command)">copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_(command)" title="Del (command)">del</a> (erase)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltree" class="mw-redirect" title="Deltree">deltree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacls#icacls" title="Cacls">icacls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mkdir" title="Mkdir">mkdir</a> (md)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mklink" class="mw-redirect" title="Mklink">mklink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Move_(command)" title="Move (command)">move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Openfiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Openfiles">openfiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recover_(command)" title="Recover (command)">recover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_(command)" title="Ren (command)">ren</a> (rename)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replace_(command)" title="Replace (command)">replace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rmdir" title="Rmdir">rmdir</a> (rd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robocopy" title="Robocopy">robocopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeown" class="mw-redirect" title="Takeown">takeown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCOPY" title="XCOPY">xcopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archiving</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">expand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extrac32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">extract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(file_format)" title="Cabinet (file format)">makecab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_(command)" title="Pax (command)">pax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_(computing)" title="Tar (computing)">tar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disk management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHKDSK" title="CHKDSK">chkdsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convert_(command)" title="Convert (command)">convert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Defragmenter_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk Defragmenter (Windows)">defrag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskcomp" title="Diskcomp">diskcomp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskcopy" title="Diskcopy">diskcopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskpart" title="Diskpart">diskpart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diskraid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diskraid">diskraid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">diskshadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drvspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Drvspace">drvspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fdisk" title="Fdisk">fdisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Format_(command)" title="Format (command)">format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Fsutil">fsutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_(command)" title="Label (command)">label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLocker" title="BitLocker">manage-bde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSCDEX" title="MSCDEX">MSCDEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refsutil" class="mw-redirect" title="Refsutil">refsutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUBST" title="SUBST">subst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">scandisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SYS_(command)" title="SYS (command)">sys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vol_(command)" title="Vol (command)">vol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">vssadmin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At_(command)" title="At (command)">at</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_(command)" title="Exit (command)">exit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_(command)" title="Kill (command)">kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runas" title="Runas">runas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">sc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">schtasks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutdown_(computing)" title="Shutdown (computing)">shutdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_(command)" title="Start (command)">start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskkill" class="mw-redirect" title="Taskkill">taskkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasklist" title="Tasklist">tasklist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Registry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_association" title="File association">assoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ftype" title="Ftype">ftype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry#Command_line_editing" title="Windows Registry">reg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry#Command_line_editing" title="Windows Registry">regini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regsvr32" title="Regsvr32">regsvr32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">User environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CHCP_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHCP (command)">chcp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmdkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Cmdkey">cmdkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DATE_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DATE (command)">date</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graftabl" class="mw-redirect" title="Graftabl">graftabl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mode (command)">mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(variable)" title="PATH (variable)">path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable#DOS,_OS/2_and_Windows_(Command_Prompt)" title="Environment variable">set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setver" class="mw-redirect" title="Setver">setver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_variable#DOS,_OS/2_and_Windows_(Command_Prompt)" title="Environment variable">setx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIME_(command)" title="TIME (command)">time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_(command)" title="Title (command)">title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ver_(command)" title="Ver (command)">ver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Where (command)">where</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoami" title="Whoami">whoami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">File contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comp_(command)" title="Comp (command)">comp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_Editor" title="MS-DOS Editor">edit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edlin" title="Edlin">edlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Compare" title="File Compare">fc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Find_(Windows)" title="Find (Windows)">find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Findstr" title="Findstr">findstr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRINT_(command)" title="PRINT (command)">print</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TYPE_(DOS_command)" title="TYPE (DOS command)">type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">Scripting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choice_(command)" title="Choice (command)">choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipboard_(computing)" title="Clipboard (computing)">clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">cscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOSKEY" title="DOSKEY">doskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(command)" title="Echo (command)">echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_loop" title="For loop">for</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forfiles" title="Forfiles">forfiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goto" title="Goto">goto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_(computer_programming)" title="Conditional (computer programming)">if</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/More_(command)" title="More (command)">more</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pause_(command)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pause (command)">pause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface#Command_prompt" title="Command-line interface">prompt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comment_(computer_programming)" title="Comment (computer programming)">rem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeout_(computing)" title="Timeout (computing)">timeout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol" title="Address Resolution Protocol">arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">bitsadmin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAC_address" title="MAC address">getmac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname">hostname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipconfig" title="Ipconfig">ipconfig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nbtstat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nbtstat">nbtstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_(command)" title="Net (command)">net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netsh" title="Netsh">netsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netstat" title="Netstat">netstat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nslookup" title="Nslookup">nslookup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PathPing" title="PathPing">PathPing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping_(networking_utility)" title="Ping (networking utility)">ping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rpcping" class="mw-redirect" title="Rpcping">rpcping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_(command)" title="Route (command)">route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_copy_protocol" title="Secure copy protocol">scp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setspn" class="mw-redirect" title="Setspn">setspn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_file_transfer_program" title="Secure file transfer program">sftp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh-add</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssh-agent" title="Ssh-agent">ssh-agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ssh-keygen" title="Ssh-keygen">ssh-keygen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">ssh-keyscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traceroute" title="Traceroute">tracert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Remote_Management" title="Windows Remote Management">winrs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maintenance and care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditpol" class="mw-redirect" title="Auditpol">auditpol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Assessment_and_Deployment_Kit" title="Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit">dism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispdiag" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispdiag">dispdiag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_Manager#Driverquery_command" title="Device Manager">driverquery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventcreate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">eventtriggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpresult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">gpupdate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logman" class="mw-redirect" title="Logman">logman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofcomp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mofcomp">mofcomp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">msiexec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTBackup" title="NTBackup">ntbackup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_FDIV_bug#Software_patches" title="Pentium FDIV bug">pentnt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnpunattend" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnpunattend">pnpunattend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnputil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pnputil">pnputil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REAgentC" class="mw-redirect" title="REAgentC">REAgentC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relog" class="mw-redirect" title="Relog">relog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_File_Checker" title="System File Checker">sfc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sxstrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Sxstrace">sxstrace</a></li> 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