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</a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paleontology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleontology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Paleontology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleontology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Administrative divisions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Urban areas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Oil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Trade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_and_technological_development_zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_and_technological_development_zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Economic and technological development zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_and_technological_development_zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_development_strategies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_development_strategies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Regional development strategies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_development_strategies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central_Liaoning_City_Cluster_(Shenyang_Metro_Area)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Liaoning_City_Cluster_(Shenyang_Metro_Area)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7.1</span> <span>Central Liaoning City Cluster (Shenyang Metro Area)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Liaoning_City_Cluster_(Shenyang_Metro_Area)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liaoning_Coastal_Economic_Belt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liaoning_Coastal_Economic_Belt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7.2</span> <span>Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liaoning_Coastal_Economic_Belt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colleges_and_universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges_and_universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Colleges and universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges_and_universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Liaoning</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA" title="لياونينغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لياونينغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82" title="লিয়াওনিং – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিয়াওনিং" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A2u-l%C3%AAng-s%C3%A9ng" title="Liâu-lêng-séng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Liâu-lêng-séng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ляанін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ляанін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ляонин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ляонин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ལའུ་ཉིང་ཞིང་ཆེན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལའུ་ཉིང་ཞིང་ཆེན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning_Sheng" title="Liaoning Sheng – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Liaoning Sheng" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao-ning" title="Liao-ning – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liao-ning" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Λιαονίνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιαονίνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lja%C5%ADningo" title="Ljaŭningo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ljaŭningo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="لیائونینگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیائونینگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%AF%A7" title="遼寧 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="遼寧" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A0u-n%C3%A8n" title="Liàu-nèn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Liàu-nèn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%8B%9D%EC%84%B1" title="랴오닝성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="랴오닝성" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Լյաոնին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լյաոնին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="लियाओनिंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लियाओनिंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinco_Liaoning" title="Provinco Liaoning – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Provinco Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ляонин – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ляонин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92" title="ליאונינג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליאונינג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლიაონინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიაონინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatonia" title="Leatonia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Leatonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaonina" title="Liaonina – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Liaonina" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prov%C3%ABnz_Liaoning" title="Provënz Liaoning – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Provënz Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoningas" title="Liaoningas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liaoningas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Лиаонинг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лиаонинг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="ल्याओनिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ल्याओनिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლიაონინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლიაონინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="لیائونینگ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لیائونینگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯂ꯭ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯤꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂ꯭ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A8u-n%C3%ACng" title="Lièu-nìng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lièu-nìng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6" title="Ляонин муж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ляонин муж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="လျောင်းနင်ပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျောင်းနင်ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99" title="लिओनिङ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिओनिङ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%AF%A7%E7%9C%81" title="遼寧省 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="遼寧省" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ляонин – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ляонин" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyaonin" title="Lyaonin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lyaonin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਲੀਆਓਨਿੰਗ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੀਆਓਨਿੰਗ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="لیاوننگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیاوننگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoningue" title="Liaoningue – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liaoningue" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2oni%C3%B1" title="Lâoniñ – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Lâoniñ" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning_pruwinsya" title="Liaoning pruwinsya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Liaoning pruwinsya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ляонин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ляонин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ляонин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ляонин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88" title="لئائوننگ صوبو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لئائوننگ صوبو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="لیاوۆنینگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیاوۆنینگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%89%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Љаонинг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Љаонинг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D" title="லியாவோனிங் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லியாவோனிங்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="มณฑลเหลียวหนิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มณฑลเหลียวหนิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лиаонин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лиаонин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Ляонін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ляонін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="لیاؤننگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لیاؤننگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%DB%8B%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%A6%DB%86%D9%84%D9%83%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="لياۋنىڭ ئۆلكىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لياۋنىڭ ئۆلكىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laeuzningz" title="Laeuzningz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Laeuzningz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAu_Ninh" title="Liêu Ninh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liêu Ninh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%AF%A7%E7%9C%81" title="遼寧省 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="遼寧省" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Liaoning" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%AF%A7%E7%9C%81" title="遼寧省 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="遼寧省" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Liaoning&params=41.1_N_122.3_E_type:adm1st_region:CN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">122°18′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.1°N 122.3°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.1; 122.3</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province of China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a province of China. For the first Chinese aircraft carrier, see <a href="/wiki/Chinese_aircraft_carrier_Liaoning" title="Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning">Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Liaoning_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Liaoning (disambiguation)">Liaoning (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province in China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Liaoning</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辽宁</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Province of Liaoning</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Name transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">Chinese</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辽宁省</span></span> (<span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Liáoníng Shěng</i></span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">Abbreviation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">LN / <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BD#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:辽">辽</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Liáo</span></i>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:280px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Manchu_Forbidden_City_Dazheng_Hall_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/2014_Manchu_Forbidden_City_Dazheng_Hall_05.jpg/139px-2014_Manchu_Forbidden_City_Dazheng_Hall_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/2014_Manchu_Forbidden_City_Dazheng_Hall_05.jpg/209px-2014_Manchu_Forbidden_City_Dazheng_Hall_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/2014_Manchu_Forbidden_City_Dazheng_Hall_05.jpg/278px-2014_Manchu_Forbidden_City_Dazheng_Hall_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xinghai_Square_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Xinghai_Square_.jpg/139px-Xinghai_Square_.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Xinghai_Square_.jpg/209px-Xinghai_Square_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Xinghai_Square_.jpg/278px-Xinghai_Square_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5904" data-file-height="3850" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dandong_and_Yalu_River.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dandong_and_Yalu_River.jpg/139px-Dandong_and_Yalu_River.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dandong_and_Yalu_River.jpg/209px-Dandong_and_Yalu_River.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Dandong_and_Yalu_River.jpg/278px-Dandong_and_Yalu_River.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heishijiao,_Shahekou,_Dalian,_Liaoning,_China,_116000_-_panoramio_(7).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Heishijiao%2C_Shahekou%2C_Dalian%2C_Liaoning%2C_China%2C_116000_-_panoramio_%287%29.jpg/139px-Heishijiao%2C_Shahekou%2C_Dalian%2C_Liaoning%2C_China%2C_116000_-_panoramio_%287%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Heishijiao%2C_Shahekou%2C_Dalian%2C_Liaoning%2C_China%2C_116000_-_panoramio_%287%29.jpg/209px-Heishijiao%2C_Shahekou%2C_Dalian%2C_Liaoning%2C_China%2C_116000_-_panoramio_%287%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Heishijiao%2C_Shahekou%2C_Dalian%2C_Liaoning%2C_China%2C_116000_-_panoramio_%287%29.jpg/278px-Heishijiao%2C_Shahekou%2C_Dalian%2C_Liaoning%2C_China%2C_116000_-_panoramio_%287%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2056" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>Clockwise:</b> <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xinghai_Square" title="Xinghai Square">Xinghai Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, Dalian coast, <a href="/wiki/Yalu_River" title="Yalu River">Yalu River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liaoning_in_China_(%2Ball_claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Liaoning Province"><img alt="Map showing the location of Liaoning Province" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Liaoning_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/275px-Liaoning_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Liaoning_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/413px-Liaoning_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Liaoning_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/550px-Liaoning_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="940" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map showing the location of Liaoning Province</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Liaoning&params=41.1_N_122.3_E_type:adm1st_region:CN"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°06′N</span> <span class="longitude">122°18′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.1°N 122.3°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.1; 122.3</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">China</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BD#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:辽">辽</a></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Liáo</i></span>—"<a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao (River)</a>" <br /><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%81#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:宁">宁</a></span> <span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">níng</i></span>—"pacification" <br />"Pacified of the Liao (River)"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(and largest city)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Divisions</th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b>14 <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">prefectures</a>, 100 <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_China" title="Counties of China">counties</a>, 1511 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_China" title="Townships of China">townships</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning_Provincial_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liaoning Provincial People's Congress (page does not exist)">Liaoning Provincial People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hao_Peng_(PRC)" title="Hao Peng (PRC)">Hao Peng</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning_Provincial_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liaoning Provincial People's Congress (page does not exist)">Congress</a> chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Hao Peng</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_(China)" title="Governor (China)">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Li_Lecheng" title="Li Lecheng">Li Lecheng</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> chairman</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Bo_(born_1962)" title="Zhou Bo (born 1962)">Zhou Bo</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/National_People%27s_Congress" title="National People's Congress">National People's Congress</a> Representation</th><td class="infobox-data">94 deputies</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mofcom_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mofcom-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">145,900 km<sup>2</sup> (56,300 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_area" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by area">21st</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Huabozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Huabozi (page does not exist)">Mount Huabozi</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,336 m (4,383 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">42,591,407</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population">14th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">290/km<sup>2</sup> (760/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density">15th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnic composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a> – 84% <br /> <a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a> – 13% <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a> – 2% <br /> <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a> – 0.6% <br /> <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Korean</a> – 0.6% <br /> <a href="/wiki/Xibe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Xibe people">Xibe</a> – 0.3%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Languages and dialects</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Mandarin" title="Northeastern Mandarin">Northeastern Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiaoliao_Mandarin" title="Jiaoliao Mandarin">Jiaoliao Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing_dialect" title="Beijing dialect">Beijing Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyongan_dialect" title="Pyongan dialect">Pyongan Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2023)</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-GDPdata_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDPdata-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/CN%C2%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="CN¥">CN¥</a> 3,021 billion (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP">16th</a>) <br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 429 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 72,107 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita">19th</a>) <br />US$ 10,233</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">CN-GD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2022)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.794<sup id="cite_ref-SHDI_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHDI-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_administrative_divisions_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI">10th</a>) – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#090">high</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ln.gov.cn">ln.gov.cn</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Liaoning</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Liaoning_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Liaoning_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/100px-Liaoning_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Liaoning_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/150px-Liaoning_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Liaoning_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/200px-Liaoning_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="535" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Liaoning" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">辽宁</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">遼寧</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"Pacified of the <a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao (River)</a>"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Liáoníng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄌㄧㄠˊ   ㄋㄧㄥˊ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Liauning</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Liao<sup>2</sup>-ning<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[ljǎʊ.nǐŋ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/Zh-Liaoning.ogg\/Zh-Liaoning.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Liaoning.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Zh-Liaoning.ogg/Zh-Liaoning.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Liaoning.ogg" title="File:Zh-Liaoning.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Lìuh-nìng</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Liu<sup>4</sup>-ning<sup>4</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[liw˩.nɪŋ˩]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Liâu-lêng</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Manchu name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠯᡳᠶᠣᠣᠮᠨᡳᠩ<br />ᠮᡤᠣᠯᠣ</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Liyoo'ning golo</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Fengtian / Mukden Province</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%89%E5%A4%A9#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:奉天">奉天</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Fèngtiān</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄈㄥˋ   ㄊㄧㄢ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Fenqtian</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Fêng<sup>4</sup>-tʻien<sup>1</sup></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Manchu name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠠᠪᡴᠠᡳ<br />ᠮᡳᠮᡳᠶᠠᠩᡤᠠ<br />ᠮᡤᠣᠯᠣ</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transliterations_of_Manchu" title="Transliterations of Manchu">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Abkai-imiyangga golo</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Liaoning</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a coastal <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a> that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region. With its capital at <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, it is located on the northern shore of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>, and is the northernmost coastal province of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Fengtian_Province"></span> Historically a gateway between <a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>, the modern Liaoning province was established in 1907 as <b>Fengtian</b> or <b>Fengtien</b> province and was renamed Liaoning in 1929. It was also known at that time as <b>Mukden</b> Province for the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_language" title="Manchu language">Manchu</a> name of <i>Shengjing</i>, the former name of Shenyang. Under the Japanese-puppet <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a> regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name, but the name Liaoning was restored for a brief time in 1945 and then again in 1954. </p><p>Liaoning borders the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Korea_Bay" title="Korea Bay">Korea Bay</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a> in the south, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>'s <a href="/wiki/North_Pyongan" class="mw-redirect" title="North Pyongan">North Pyongan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chagang" class="mw-redirect" title="Chagang">Chagang</a> provinces in the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> to the southwest, and <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> to the northwest. The <a href="/wiki/Yalu_River" title="Yalu River">Yalu River</a> marks the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea_border" title="China–North Korea border">province's border with North Korea</a>, emptying into the <a href="/wiki/Korea_Bay" title="Korea Bay">Korea Bay</a> between <a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a> in Liaoning and <a href="/wiki/Sinuiju" title="Sinuiju">Sinuiju</a> in North Korea. Liaoning is also one of China's leading provinces in research and education. As of 2023, two major cities in Liaoning ranked in the world's top 200 cities (<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> 37th and <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a> 124th) by scientific research output, as tracked by <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liaoning is named after the <a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao River</a> that runs through the province. <i>Ning</i> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%81" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:宁">宁</a>, "peace") is used frequently in Chinese place names including <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a>. The current name was first adopted in 1929, and restored in 1954 upon the merging of the <a href="/wiki/Liaoxi" title="Liaoxi">Liaoxi</a> ("West Liao") and <a href="/wiki/Liaodong" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaodong">Liaodong</a> ("East Liao") provinces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to 3rd century BC, <a href="/wiki/Donghu_people" title="Donghu people">Donghu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gojoseon" title="Gojoseon">Gojoseon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemaek" title="Yemaek">Yemaek</a> peoples inhabited Liaoning.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/State_of_Yan" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Yan">state of Yan</a> conquered the area around 300 BC. Two commanderies, <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Commandery" title="Liaodong Commandery">Liaodong</a> ("east of the <a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao River</a>") and <a href="/wiki/Liaoxi_Commandery" title="Liaoxi Commandery">Liaoxi</a> ("west of the Liao River"), were established within the Liaoning region. The Yan city of <a href="/wiki/Xiangping" title="Xiangping">Xiangping</a>, the center of Liaodong, was located on the site of the present <a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a> city.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <a href="/wiki/End_of_the_Han_dynasty" title="End of the Han dynasty">the Han dynasty fell</a>, warlord <a href="/wiki/Gongsun_Du" title="Gongsun Du">Gongsun Du</a> and his family established and maintained a semi-independent state based in Liaodong, until it was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Cao Wei</a> in 238. The state, also known as <a href="/wiki/Yan_(Three_Kingdoms)" title="Yan (Three Kingdoms)">Yan</a>, conducted numerous maritime diplomatic and trade expeditions, and had a lasting influence on Northeast Asian culture despite being short-lived.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the end of <a href="/wiki/Western_Jin" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Jin">Western Jin</a> dynasty, Liaoning was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> states of the <a href="/wiki/Murong" title="Murong">Murong</a> tribe – <a href="/wiki/Former_Yan" title="Former Yan">Former Yan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Later_Yan" title="Later Yan">Later Yan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Yan" title="Northern Yan">Northern Yan</a>. In 436, as <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei" title="Northern Wei">Northern Wei</a> seized the Yan capital, <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a> was taken over by <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tang_dynasty" title="Tang dynasty">Tang dynasty</a> annexed the region during the <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo%E2%80%93Tang_War" title="Goguryeo–Tang War">Goguryeo–Tang War</a>. However, when the <a href="/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="An Lushan Rebellion">An Lushan Rebellion</a> drained Tang's resources away from its frontiers, <a href="/wiki/Balhae" title="Balhae">Bohai</a> gradually expanded into Liaodong. Eventually, Liaoning was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> <a href="/wiki/Liao_dynasty" title="Liao dynasty">Liao dynasty</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Jurchens" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchens">Jurchen</a> <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming Empire</a> took control of Liaoning in 1371,<sup id="cite_ref-Dardess2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dardess2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> just three years after the expulsion of the Mongols from Beijing. Around 1442, a defense wall was constructed to defend the agricultural heartland of the province from a potential threat from the Jurchen-Mongol <a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Oriyanghan</a> (who were Ming's tributaries) from the northwest. Between 1467 and 1468, the wall was expanded to protect the region from the northeast as well, against attacks from <a href="/wiki/Jianzhou_Jurchens" title="Jianzhou Jurchens">Jianzhou Jurchens</a> (who were later to become known as the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu people</a>). Although similar in purpose to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a>, this "Liaodong Wall" was of a lower-cost design. While stones and tiles were used in some parts, most of the wall was in fact simply an earth dike with moats on both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-edmonds38_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edmonds38-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the Liaodong Wall, the <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Jurchens</a> conquered Liaodong, or eastern Liaoning, in the early 17th century, decades before the rest of China fell to them. The Jurchen dynasty, styled "<a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_(1616%E2%80%931636)" title="Later Jin (1616–1636)">Later Jin</a>" before being renamed to <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a>, established its capital in 1616–1621 in <a href="/wiki/Hetu_Ala" title="Hetu Ala">Xingjing</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">兴京</span>), which was located outside of the Liaodong Wall in the eastern part of the modern Liaoning Province.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was moved to Dongjing (east of today's <a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a>, Liaoning),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-edmonds113_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edmonds113-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and finally in 1625 to <a href="/wiki/Shengjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shengjing">Shengjing</a> (now, <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, Liaoning). Although the main Qing capital was moved from Shengjing to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> after it fell to the Qing in 1644, Shengjing retained its importance as a regional capital throughout most of the Qing era. </p><p>The Qing conquest of Liaoning resulted in a significant population loss in the area, as many local Chinese residents were either killed during fighting, or fled south of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Wall">Great Wall</a>, many cities being destroyed by the retreating Ming forces themselves. As late as 1661, the Civil Governor (<i>Fuyin</i>) of Fengtian Province, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Shangxian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Shangxian (page does not exist)">Zhang Shangxian</a> reported that, outside of Fengtian City (Shenyang), <a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a>, all other cities east of the <a href="/wiki/Liaohe" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaohe">Liao River</a> were either abandoned, or hardly had a few hundred residents left. In the Governor's words, "<a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a> only have a few vagrants". West of the Liao, only <a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Ningyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Guangning</a> had any significant populations remaining.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the latter half of the seventeenth century (starting with laws issued in 1651 and 1653), the imperial Qing government recruited migrants from south of the Great Wall (notably, from <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>) to settle the relatively sparsely populated area of Fengtian Province (roughly corresponding to today's Liaoning).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the current residents of Liaoning trace their ancestry to these seventeenth century settlers. The rest of China's Northeast, however, remained officially off-limits to <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> for most of the Manchu era. To prevent the migration of Chinese to those regions (today's <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>, as well as the adjacent parts of <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>), the so-called <a href="/wiki/Willow_Palisade" title="Willow Palisade">Willow Palisade</a> was constructed (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1638</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1672</span>). The Palisade encircled the agricultural heartlands of Fengtian, running in most areas either somewhat outside the old Ming Liaodong Wall, or reusing it, and separating it from the Manchu forests to the northeast and the Mongol grazing lands to the northwest.<sup id="cite_ref-edmonds58_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edmonds58-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later on, the Qing government tried to stop the migrants flow to Fengtian or even to make some settlers return to their original places of residence – or, failing that, to legalize them. For example, an edict issued in 1704 commented on the recent Han Chinese settlers in Fengtian having failed to comply with earlier orders requiring them to leave, and asked them either to properly register and join a local defense group (<span lang="zh-Hans">保</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">bao</span></i>), or to leave the province for their original places within the next ten years. Ten years later, naturally, another edict appeared, reminding of the necessity to do something with illegal migrants ...<sup id="cite_ref-edmonds76_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edmonds76-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any event, the restrictive policy was not as effective as desired by the officials in Beijing, and Fengtian's population doubled between 1683 and 1734.<sup id="cite_ref-edmonds76_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edmonds76-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Qing Dynasty, Manchuria was ruled by three generals, one of whom, the General of <a href="/wiki/Shengjing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shengjing">Shengjing</a> (Mukden i Jiyanggiyūn) ruled much of modern Liaoning. In 1860, the Manchu government began to reopen the region to migration, which quickly resulted in <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> becoming the dominant ethnic group in the region. </p><p>In the 20th century, the province of Fengtian was set up in what is Liaoning today. When <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a> fought the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> in 1904–1905, many key battles took place in Liaoning, including the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Arthur" title="Battle of Port Arthur">Battle of Port Arthur</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mukden" title="Battle of Mukden">Battle of Mukden</a>, which was, to that point, the largest land battle ever fought. During the <a href="/wiki/Warlord_Era" title="Warlord Era">Warlord Era</a> in the early twentieth century, Liaoning was under the <a href="/wiki/Fengtian_clique" title="Fengtian clique">Fengtian clique</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zuolin" title="Zhang Zuolin">Zhang Zuolin</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Chang_Hsueh-liang" class="mw-redirect" title="Chang Hsueh-liang">Zhang Xueliang</a>. The province first received its present name on January 29, 1929; the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_conflict_(1929)" title="Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)">Zhongdong Railway Incident</a> took place later that year. In 1931, Japan invaded and the area came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a>-controlled <a href="/wiki/Puppet_state" title="Puppet state">puppet state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> that took place following Japanese defeat in 1945 had its first major battles (the <a href="/wiki/Liaoshen_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoshen Campaign">Liaoshen Campaign</a>) in and around Liaoning. </p><p>At the founding of the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> in 1949, Liaoning did not exist; instead there were two provinces, <a href="/wiki/Liaodong" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaodong">Liaodong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liaoxi" title="Liaoxi">Liaoxi</a>, as well as five <a href="/wiki/Municipality_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipality of China">municipalities</a>, Shenyang, Lüda (present-day <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>), <a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a>. These were all merged into "Liaoning" in 1954, and parts of former <a href="/wiki/Rehe_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rehe (province)">Rehe</a> province were merged into Liaoning in 1955. During the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> Liaoning also took in a part of <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, though this was reversed later. </p><p>Liaoning was one of the first provinces in China to industrialize, first under Japanese occupation, and then even more in the 1950s and 1960s. The city of Anshan, for example, is home to one of the largest iron and steel complexes in China. In recent years, this early focus on <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a> has become a liability, as many of the large state-run enterprises have experienced economic difficulties. Recognizing the special difficulties faced by Liaoning and other provinces in Northeast China because of their heritage of heavy industry, the Chinese central government recently launched a "<a href="/wiki/Revitalize_the_Northeast" class="mw-redirect" title="Revitalize the Northeast">Revitalize the Northeast</a>" Campaign. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Liaodong_Wall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ming Liaodong Wall (in purple)"><img alt="The Ming Liaodong Wall (in purple)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Map_of_the_Liaodong_Wall.jpg/200px-Map_of_the_Liaodong_Wall.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Map_of_the_Liaodong_Wall.jpg/300px-Map_of_the_Liaodong_Wall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Map_of_the_Liaodong_Wall.jpg/400px-Map_of_the_Liaodong_Wall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Ming Liaodong Wall (in purple)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CEM-36-NE-corner.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The late-Ming Liaodong (eastern Liaoning) separated by the wall from the "Kingdom of the Jurchen" (Regno di Niuche). The map was created during the early Qing, and mentions that "presently" the Jurchen (Tartari del Kin) have already conquered the rest of China"><img alt="The late-Ming Liaodong (eastern Liaoning) separated by the wall from the "Kingdom of the Jurchen" (Regno di Niuche). The map was created during the early Qing, and mentions that "presently" the Jurchen (Tartari del Kin) have already conquered the rest of China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CEM-36-NE-corner.jpg/200px-CEM-36-NE-corner.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CEM-36-NE-corner.jpg/300px-CEM-36-NE-corner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/CEM-36-NE-corner.jpg/400px-CEM-36-NE-corner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The late-Ming Liaodong (eastern Liaoning) separated by the wall from the "Kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jurchen</a>" (<i>Regno di Niuche</i>). The map was created during the early Qing, and mentions that "presently" the Jurchen (<i>Tartari del <a href="/wiki/Jin_Dynasty_(1115-1234)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)">Kin</a></i>) have already conquered the rest of China</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E8%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE1734.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="The full picture of Shengjing area 1734"><img alt="The full picture of Shengjing area 1734" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E8%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE1734.jpeg/166px-%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E8%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE1734.jpeg" decoding="async" width="166" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E8%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE1734.jpeg/249px-%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E8%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE1734.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E8%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE1734.jpeg/333px-%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E8%88%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BE1734.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2230" data-file-height="2681" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The full picture of Shengjing area 1734</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CEM-44-La-Chine-la-Tartarie-Chinoise-et-le-Thibet-1734-Liaodong-2755.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liaodong (Leao-Tong) in the early Qing, surrounded by the Willow Palisade. This map, published in 1734, was based on data collected by Jesuits in the early 18th century. The capital is in Shenyang (Chinyang); most other cities mentioned in Governor Zhang's report are shown as well"><img alt="Liaodong (Leao-Tong) in the early Qing, surrounded by the Willow Palisade. This map, published in 1734, was based on data collected by Jesuits in the early 18th century. The capital is in Shenyang (Chinyang); most other cities mentioned in Governor Zhang's report are shown as well" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/CEM-44-La-Chine-la-Tartarie-Chinoise-et-le-Thibet-1734-Liaodong-2755.jpg/200px-CEM-44-La-Chine-la-Tartarie-Chinoise-et-le-Thibet-1734-Liaodong-2755.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/CEM-44-La-Chine-la-Tartarie-Chinoise-et-le-Thibet-1734-Liaodong-2755.jpg/300px-CEM-44-La-Chine-la-Tartarie-Chinoise-et-le-Thibet-1734-Liaodong-2755.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/CEM-44-La-Chine-la-Tartarie-Chinoise-et-le-Thibet-1734-Liaodong-2755.jpg/400px-CEM-44-La-Chine-la-Tartarie-Chinoise-et-le-Thibet-1734-Liaodong-2755.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Liaodong (<i>Leao-Tong</i>) in the early Qing, surrounded by the Willow Palisade. This map, published in 1734, was based on data collected by <a href="/wiki/Jesuit_missions_in_China" title="Jesuit missions in China">Jesuits</a> in the early 18th century. The capital is in Shenyang (<i>Chinyang</i>); most other cities mentioned in Governor Zhang's report are shown as well</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Liaoning" title="Special:EditPage/Liaoning">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2014</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liaoning_L7_2000-10-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Liaoning_L7_2000-10-02.jpg/220px-Liaoning_L7_2000-10-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Liaoning_L7_2000-10-02.jpg/330px-Liaoning_L7_2000-10-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Liaoning_L7_2000-10-02.jpg/440px-Liaoning_L7_2000-10-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Landsat_7" title="Landsat 7">Landsat 7</a> image of western Liaoning</figcaption></figure> <p>It is possible to think of Liaoning as three approximate geographical regions: the highlands in the west, <a href="/wiki/Plain" title="Plain">plains</a> in the middle, and hills in the east. </p><p>The highlands in the west are dominated by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nulu%27erhu_Mountains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nulu'erhu Mountains (page does not exist)">Nulu'erhu Mountains</a>, which roughly follow the border between Liaoning and <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>. The entire region is dominated by low hills. A narrow strip of coastal plains, known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoxi_Corridor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liaoxi Corridor (page does not exist)">Liaoxi Corridor</a>, connects the Liao River Basin to the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a>, ending at the <a href="/wiki/Shanhai_Pass" title="Shanhai Pass">Shanhai Pass</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Wall">Great Wall</a>. </p><p>The central part of Liaoning consists of a basin drained by rivers such as the <a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daliao_River" title="Daliao River">Daliao</a>, and their tributaries. This region is mostly flat and low-lying. </p><p>The eastern part of Liaoning is dominated by the Changbai Mountains and Qianshan Mountains which extend into the sea to form the <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a>. The highest point in Liaoning, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Huabozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Huabozi (page does not exist)">Mount Huabozi</a> (1336 m), is found in this region. </p><p>Liaoning has a <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental</a> <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> climate, and <a href="/wiki/Rainfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainfall">rainfall</a> averages to about 440 to 1130 mm annually. Summer is rainy while the other seasons are dry. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Anping_Creek" title="Anping Creek">Anping Creek</a></div> <p>Major cities: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleontology">Paleontology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Paleontology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jehol_Biota" title="Jehol Biota">Jehol Biota</a></div> <p>Liaoning contains some of the foremost paleontological sites in the world. Known collectively as the <a href="/wiki/Jehol_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehol Group">Jehol Group</a>, they include the <a href="/wiki/Yixian_Formation" title="Yixian Formation">Yixian Formation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiufotang_Formation" title="Jiufotang Formation">Jiufotang Formation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiaojishan_Formation" title="Tiaojishan Formation">Tiaojishan Formation</a>. The name <i><a href="/wiki/Jehol_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehol Province">Jehol</a></i> derives from a now defunct provincial division of that name, which covered an area that is now Western Liaoning, Eastern Hebei, and a small part of Inner Mongolia. Fossils were first found there during the 1920s. During the Japanese occupation of the area through the 1930s and early 1940s, more fossils were found, but records of them were lost after World War II ended. The area remained relatively unexplored until the 1990s. It was in 1996 that Liaoning made the headlines with the announcement of the discovery of <i><a href="/wiki/Sinosauropteryx_prima" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinosauropteryx prima">Sinosauropteryx prima</a></i>, the first example of a filamented "feathered" <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaur</a>. <i>Sinosauropteryx prima</i> was a small feathered meat-eating dinosaur, from the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Cretaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Cretaceous">Lower Cretaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Yixian_Formation" title="Yixian Formation">Yixian Formation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chen1998_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chen1998-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This discovery pushed the evolution of feathers back in time and showed that dinosaurs, not only birds, had feathers. It also showed a direct evolutionary link between theropod dinosaurs and modern birds. </p><p>Since then, dozens of ground-breaking finds have been discovered throughout the Jehol group. These including the earliest flower, earliest <a href="/wiki/Eutherian" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutherian">eutherian</a> <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammal</a>, known as <i><a href="/wiki/Eomaia" title="Eomaia">Eomaia</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Vaughan_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaughan-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the earliest known <a href="/wiki/Metatherian" class="mw-redirect" title="Metatherian">metatherian</a>, an intact <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryo</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Pterosaur" title="Pterosaur">pterosaur</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Repenomamus_robustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Repenomamus robustus">Repenomamus robustus</a></i>—a 15 kg heavy mammal that ate dinosaurs, <i><a href="/wiki/Sinornithosaurus_millenii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinornithosaurus millenii">Sinornithosaurus millenii</a></i>, as well as many birds and <a href="/wiki/Feathered_dinosaur" title="Feathered dinosaur">feathered dinosaurs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Selden_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selden-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discoveries such as <i><a href="/wiki/Dilong_paradoxus" title="Dilong paradoxus">Dilong paradoxus</a></i>, another feathered theropod, date to the early Cretaceous Period. This is some 60 million years before <i>Tyrannosaurus</i>, and thus these discoveries push the evolution of feathers earlier than previously thought.<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Liaoning fossils are noted for their high degree of preservation—often including soft body tissues, which is rare.<sup id="cite_ref-Brusatte_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brusatte-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from the famous birds and feathered dinosaurs, the Liaoning fossils include insects, fish, aquatic arthropods, and plants.<sup id="cite_ref-Norell_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norell-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Liaoning deposit is widely considered to be one of the world's premier fossil sites.<sup id="cite_ref-Brusatte_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brusatte-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high level of preservation is believed to be due to how the animals died. The area was volcanically active, and large plumes of volcanic dust repeatedly covered the area, instantly killing and burying any living thing in the area. The extremely fine grain of the sediment and the chemical composition of the ash prevented the usual bacterial decay.<sup id="cite_ref-Norell_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norell-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some specimens, extremely fine details can be seen such as the proboscis of the bee <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florinemestruis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florinemestruis (page does not exist)">Florinemestruis</a></i> used to drink nectar from the earliest flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-Manning_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manning-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other specimens, colours are still visible, including stripes on fish and spots on turtles.<sup id="cite_ref-Norell_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Norell-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Liaoning" title="Politics of Liaoning">Politics of Liaoning</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_leaders_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China">List of provincial leaders of the People's Republic of China</a></div> <p>The politics of Liaoning is structured in a <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">single party-government system</a> like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The Governor of Liaoning (<span lang="zh-Hans">辽宁省省长</span>) is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Liaoning. However, in the province's single party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> Liaoning Provincial Committee Secretary (<span lang="zh-Hans">辽宁省委书记</span> for short), colloquially termed the "Liaoning Party Chief". </p><p>Prior to 1949 and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Revolution" title="Chinese Communist Revolution">Chinese Communist Revolution</a>, Liaoning was governed by the <a href="/wiki/Fengtian_clique" title="Fengtian clique">Fengtian clique</a> of warlords and interchangeably officials of the <a href="/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> bureaucracy. During the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a> Liaoning was known as the province of <b>Fengtian</b> (<span lang="zh">奉天</span>), and was governed by a zǒngdū or Viceroy (The Viceroy of the Three Eastern Provinces, <span lang="zh-Hans">东三省总督</span>), along with the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>. The province itself also had a governor (<span lang="zh-Hans">巡抚</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">xúnfǔ</span></i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Liaoning" title="List of administrative divisions of Liaoning">List of administrative divisions of Liaoning</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_township-level_divisions_of_Liaoning" title="List of township-level divisions of Liaoning">List of township-level divisions of Liaoning</a></div> <p>Liaoning is divided into fourteen <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China#Prefectural_level" title="Administrative divisions of China">prefecture-level divisions</a>, all <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">prefecture-level cities</a> (including two <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_divisions_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China">sub-provincial cities</a>): </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:smaller; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9">Administrative divisions of Liaoning </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="font-size:larger"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 654px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Administrative_Division_Liaoning.svg/654px-Administrative_Division_Liaoning.svg.png" decoding="async" width="654" height="600" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Administrative_Division_Liaoning.svg/981px-Administrative_Division_Liaoning.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Administrative_Division_Liaoning.svg/1308px-Administrative_Division_Liaoning.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:369px; top:175px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:306px; top:472px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:348px; top:316px"><b><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:516px; top:211px"><b><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:522px; top:286px"><b><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:507px; top:361px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:243px; top:247px"><b><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:330px; top:382px"><b><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:279px; top:148px"><b><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:387px; top:268px"><b><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:282px; top:298px"><b><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:486px; top:106px"><b><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:102px; top:250px"><b><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:108px; top:355px"><b><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></b></div> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division_codes_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China">Division code</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Division </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Area in km<sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-nj2013_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nj2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Population 2010<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Seat </th> <th scope="col" colspan="4">Divisions<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">Districts</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of the People's Republic of China">Counties</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_counties_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous counties of the People's Republic of China">Aut. counties</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="45"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">CL cities</a> </th></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold"> <th>210000</th> <th>Liaoning Province </th> <td>145,900.00</td> <td>43,746,323</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a> city</td> <td>59</td> <td>17</td> <td>8</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#98FB98"> <th>210100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a> city </th> <td>12,860.00</td> <td>8,106,171</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan District">Hunnan District</a></td> <td>10</td> <td>2</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#98FB98"> <th>210200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> city </th> <td>12,573.85</td> <td>6,690,432</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xigang_District,_Dalian" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigang District, Dalian">Xigang District</a></td> <td>7</td> <td>1</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>210300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a> city </th> <td>9,252.00</td> <td>3,645,884</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiedong_District,_Anshan" title="Tiedong District, Anshan">Tiedong District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>210400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a> city </th> <td>11,272.00</td> <td>2,138,090</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shuncheng_District" title="Shuncheng District">Shuncheng District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>210500</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a> city </th> <td>8,420.00</td> <td>1,709,538</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pingshan_District,_Benxi" title="Pingshan District, Benxi">Pingshan District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>2</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>210600</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a> city </th> <td>15,289.61</td> <td>2,444,697</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhenxing_District" title="Zhenxing District">Zhenxing District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>210700</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a> city </th> <td>9,890.62</td> <td>3,126,463</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taihe_District" title="Taihe District">Taihe District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>210800</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a> city </th> <td>5,365.46</td> <td>2,428,534</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhanqian_District" title="Zhanqian District">Zhanqian District</a></td> <td>4</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>210900</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a> city </th> <td>10,354.99</td> <td>1,819,339</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xihe_District" title="Xihe District">Xihe District</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>211000</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a> city </th> <td>4,743.24</td> <td>1,858,768</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baita_District" title="Baita District">Baita District</a></td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th>211100</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a> city </th> <td>4,071.10</td> <td>1,392,493</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinglongtai_District" title="Xinglongtai District">Xinglongtai District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>1</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td bgcolor="grey"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>211200</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a> city </th> <td>12,979.69</td> <td>2,717,732</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yinzhou_District,_Tieling" title="Yinzhou District, Tieling">Yinzhou District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>211300</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a> city </th> <td>19,698.00</td> <td>3,044,641</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shuangta_District" title="Shuangta District">Shuangta District</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th>211400</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a> city </th> <td>10,414.94</td> <td>2,623,541</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Longgang_District,_Huludao" title="Longgang District, Huludao">Longgang District</a></td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td bgcolor="grey"></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#98FB98; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_divisions_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial divisions in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial cities</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Administrative divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations </th></tr> <tr> <th>English</th> <th>Chinese</th> <th>Pinyin </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Liaoning Province</b></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辽宁省</span></span></td> <td><b>Liáoníng Shěng</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳市</span></span></td> <td>Shěnyáng Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">大连市</span></span></td> <td>Dàlián Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鞍山市</span></span></td> <td>Ānshān Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">抚顺市</span></span></td> <td>Fǔshùn Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">本溪市</span></span></td> <td>Běnxī Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">丹东市</span></span></td> <td>Dāndōng Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">锦州市</span></span></td> <td>Jǐnzhōu Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">营口市</span></span></td> <td>Yíngkǒu Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">阜新市</span></span></td> <td>Fùxīn Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辽阳市</span></span></td> <td>Liáoyáng Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">盘锦市</span></span></td> <td>Pánjǐn Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">铁岭市</span></span></td> <td>Tiělǐng Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">朝阳市</span></span></td> <td>Cháoyáng Shì </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a> city</td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">葫芦岛市</span></span></td> <td>Húludǎo Shì </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>These prefecture-level cities are in turn divided into 100 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#County_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">county-level divisions</a> (56 <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a>, 17 <a href="/wiki/County-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level cities">county-level cities</a>, 19 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a>, and 8 <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_counties" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous counties">autonomous counties</a>), which are then further subdivided into 1511 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">township-level divisions</a> (613 <a href="/wiki/Town_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Town of China">towns</a>, 301 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Townships of the People's Republic of China">townships</a>, 77 <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_township" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic township">ethnic townships</a>, and 520 <a href="/wiki/Subdistricts_of_China" title="Subdistricts of China">subdistricts</a>). At the end of the year 2017, the total population is 43.69 million.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_areas">Urban areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Urban areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities </th></tr> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>Cities</th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2020 Urban area<sup id="cite_ref-2020PRCcensus_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2020PRCcensus-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #aaaaff;">2010 Urban area<sup id="cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010PRCcensus-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th style="background-color: #ffaaaa;">2020 City proper </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></b></td> <td>7,229,320</td> <td>5,718,232<sup id="cite_ref-Shenyang_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shenyang-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>9,070,093 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></td> <td>5,286,743</td> <td>3,902,467<sup id="cite_ref-Dalian_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalian-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>7,450,785 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></td> <td>1,480,332</td> <td>1,504,996</td> <td>3,325,372 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></td> <td>1,228,890</td> <td>1,318,808</td> <td>1,861,372 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></td> <td>1,027,117</td> <td>880,412</td> <td>2,328,582 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></td> <td>1,021,478</td> <td>946,098</td> <td>2,703,853 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></td> <td>980,422</td> <td>663,445<sup id="cite_ref-Panjin_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panjin-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1,389,691 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></td> <td>808,221</td> <td>1,000,128</td> <td>1,326,018 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></td> <td>764,504</td> <td>735,047</td> <td>1,604,580 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></td> <td>764,241</td> <td>646,482</td> <td>2,434,194 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></td> <td>748,983</td> <td>775,787</td> <td>2,188,436 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></td> <td>742,318</td> <td>750,283</td> <td>1,647,280 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></td> <td>680,033</td> <td>687,223</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Anshan</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></td> <td>580,995</td> <td>477,610</td> <td>2,872,857 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></td> <td>454,388</td> <td>413,921</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Dalian</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></td> <td>424,200</td> <td>396,505</td> <td>2,388,294 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></td> <td>357,229</td> <td>290,957</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Dandong</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></td> <td>348,028</td> <td>304,233</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Dalian</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></td> <td>309,066</td> <td>330,328</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yingkou</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></td> <td>257,822</td> <td>242,412</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Tieling</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></td> <td>252,921</td> <td>247,219</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Dandong</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></td> <td>247,488</td> <td>200,354</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Chaoyang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></td> <td>228,059</td> <td>218,478</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Yingkou</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></td> <td>219,545</td> <td>178,291</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Huludao</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></td> <td>218,041</td> <td>484,287</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Shenyang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></td> <td>190,315</td> <td>168,620</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Chaoyang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></td> <td>185,623</td> <td>163,064</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Liaoyang</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></td> <td>179,480</td> <td>195,673</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Tieling</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></td> <td>167,909</td> <td>134,716</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jinzhou</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></td> <td>152,033</td> <td>127,101</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Jinzhou</i></span> </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="lightgrey"> <td>—</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pulandian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulandian District">Pulandian</a></td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Dalian</i></span></td> <td>319,942</td> <td><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>see Dalian</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/Zh-Liaoning.ogg\/Zh-Liaoning.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u8fbd\u5b81"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Liaoning.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Zh-Liaoning.ogg/Zh-Liaoning.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">辽宁</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Liaoning.ogg" title="File:Zh-Liaoning.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shenyang-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shenyang_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Liaozhong_District" title="Liaozhong District">Liaozhong (Liaozhong County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dalian-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dalian_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Pulandian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulandian District">Pulandian (Pulandian CLC)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Panjin-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Panjin_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New district established after 2010 census: <a href="/wiki/Dawa_District" title="Dawa District">Dawa (Dawa County)</a>. The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Most populous cities in Liaoning</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Source: <i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i> Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shenyang"><img alt="Shenyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg/120px-Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg/180px-Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg/240px-Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DalianSkyline.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Dalian"><img alt="Dalian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/DalianSkyline.JPG/120px-DalianSkyline.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/DalianSkyline.JPG/180px-DalianSkyline.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/DalianSkyline.JPG/240px-DalianSkyline.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,651,200</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">728,700 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Anshan_on_Shengli_Plaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anshan"><img alt="Anshan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/View_of_Anshan_on_Shengli_Plaza.jpg/120px-View_of_Anshan_on_Shengli_Plaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/View_of_Anshan_on_Shengli_Plaza.jpg/180px-View_of_Anshan_on_Shengli_Plaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/View_of_Anshan_on_Shengli_Plaza.jpg/240px-View_of_Anshan_on_Shengli_Plaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IM000196_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fushun"><img alt="Fushun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/IM000196_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-IM000196_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/IM000196_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-IM000196_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/IM000196_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-IM000196_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="466" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,808,300</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">668,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,420,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">590,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,223,500</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">435,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">969,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">348,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">892,800</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">329,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">861,000</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">261,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">847,100</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">244,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">763,600</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">231,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">759,400</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">224,000 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg/220px-Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg/330px-Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg/440px-Shenyang_Wulihe_CBD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, the capital of Liaoning Province</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DalianSkyline.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/DalianSkyline.JPG/220px-DalianSkyline.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/DalianSkyline.JPG/330px-DalianSkyline.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/DalianSkyline.JPG/440px-DalianSkyline.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, second largest city in Liaoning Province</figcaption></figure> <p>Liaoning has the largest and wealthiest provincial economy of Northeast China. Its <a href="/wiki/Nominal_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal GDP">nominal GDP</a> for 2017 was 2.39 trillion yuan (ca. US$354 billion), making it the 14th largest in China (out of 31 provinces). Its per capita GDP was 54,745 yuan (US$8,108). Among the three provinces of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a>, Liaoning is the largest in terms of GDP and GDP per capita. </p><p>In 2008, Liaoning was the region with the highest GDP growth among global <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701081702/http://velopment.de/wiki/Executive_Introduction#Global_Number_One_Growth_Province">G8x8</a>, the eight provinces or states below national level with the highest GDP of the top eight GDP nations. According to preliminary statistics, Liaoning maintained its GDP growth rate of 13.1 percent in 2009 and held its position as the province with the highest economic growth. Economic growth has since slowed down, with the economy expanding 3% in 2015 and contracting 1.3% in the first quarter of 2016.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Leading industries include petrochemicals, metallurgy, electronics telecommunications, and machinery.<sup id="cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On a national level, Liaoning is a major producer of pig iron, steel and metal-cutting machine tools, all of whose production rank among the top three in the nation. Liaoning is one of the most important raw materials production bases in China. Industries such as mining, quarrying, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, petroleum and natural gas extraction, are all of great significance. </p><p>Meanwhile, Liaoning is an important production base of equipment and machinery manufacturing, with Shenyang and Dalian being the industrial centers. Enterprises such as Shenyang Jinbei Co. Ltd., Daxian Group Co. Ltd., and Shenyang Machine Tool Co. Ltd., are leaders in their sectors. The province's light industry mainly focuses on textiles and clothing industries which include cotton and wool spinning, chemical fiber production, knitting, silk production, and the manufacturing of both garments and textile machinery. </p><p>In 2008, its tertiary industry accounted for 34.5 percent of total GDP. In the future, Liaoning will continue its efforts to restructure large and medium-sized state enterprises. Meanwhile, the province will concentrate in developing its four pillar industries – petrochemicals, metallurgy, machinery and electronics. </p><p>Liaoning is the place of origin of the <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang_index" title="Li Keqiang index">Li Keqiang index</a>, an alternative measure of economic performance where GDP figures are unreliable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Main <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a> products of Liaoning include <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sorghum" title="Sorghum">sorghum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>. The region around <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> produces three-quarters of China's exported <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a> is also produced. </p><p>Liaoning's fruits include apples from Dalian and <a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a>, golden peaches from Dalian, <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pears</a> from Beizhen of <a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a>, white pears from <a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a> and Suizhong, and <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a> from Gushan of <a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining">Mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liaoning has the most <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesite" title="Magnesite">magnesite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">boron</a> deposits among all province-level subdivisions of China. Liaoning is also an important source of <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">Salt</a> is produced along the coast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oil">Oil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Oil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with Liaoning's rich mineral reserves, the province also has abundant deposits of crude oil, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Liaohe_oil_field" title="Liaohe oil field">Liaohe Oilfield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liaoning is one of China's most important industrial bases, covering a wide range of industries, including <a href="/wiki/Machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinery">machinery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> refining, <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">petroleum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemical</a> industries, <a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">construction</a> materials and <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>. </p><p>The sea off <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> abounds with quality <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">abalone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea cucumber (food)">sea cucumber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">scallops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prawn" title="Prawn">prawns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crabs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">sea urchins</a>. The big fish of <a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">clams</a> of <a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a> are known worldwide for their taste fresh from the sea, and in products made for domestic and international export. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade">Trade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Trade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cities of <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a> have been developed as major ports and economic gateways to all of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">northeast China</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_and_technological_development_zones">Economic and technological development zones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economic and technological development zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of the development zones formally recognized by the PRC State Council, 56 are located in Liaoning, including 14 on the national level and 42 on the provincial level. These zones are further grouped into Economic Development Zones,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-Tech Zones,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Free Trade and Export Processing Zones,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Special Development Zones.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Shenyang Cross-Strait Science Industrial Zone</li></ul> <p>In October 1995, the Shenyang Cross-Strait Science Industrial Zone was approved to be established by State Council. The Shenyang Cross-Strait Science Industrial Zone is the only zone established as part of the Shenyang Hunnan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone. It has a total area of 5 km<sup>2</sup> (1.9 sq mi). It welcomes international investment. It focuses on the development of instruments manufacturing, telecommunication, bio-pharmaceuticals, electronics, and new materials.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Liaoning Shenyang Export Processing Zone</li></ul> <p>The Liaoning Shenyang Zhangshi Export Processing Zone was approved to be established by the state government in June 2005. It is located in the national-level Shenyang Economic & Technological Development Zone, with a planned area of 62 km<sup>2</sup> (24 sq mi) and current area of 14.1 km<sup>2</sup> (5.4 sq mi). It encourages and focuses on the development of auto and auto parts, electronics, precision machinery, new energy, new materials, and the fine chemical industry.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Shenyang Economic and Technological Development Zone</li> <li>Shenyang Hunnan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</li></ul> <p>The Shenyang Hunnan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone used to be called the Shenyang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone. Established in 1988, it is a national high-tech development zone approved by the State Council. The zone is located in western Shenyang City with an area of 32 square kilometres (12 sq mi). Its encouraged industries include electronic information, new materials, biological engineering, energy saving, and environmental protection.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Anshan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Development_Area" title="Dalian Development Area">Dalian Economic & Technological Development Zone</a></li></ul> <p>The Dalian Economic & Technological Development Zone (now known as the "Dalian Development Area") was established in September 1984, as one of the first of the China National Economic and Technological Development Zones. The zone had a GDP of 70.31 billion yuan in 2007 and the total volume of its import and export trade was 14.92 billion dollars, which accounts for a quarter of such trade for all of Liaoning Province. Most of the enterprises in Dalian ETDZ are factories owned by foreign enterprises, especially from Japan, South Korea and the United States, such as Canon, Pfizer, Toshiba, and Intel.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Dalian Export Processing Zone</li></ul> <p>The Dalian Export Processing Zone was approved to be set up by the State Council in April 2000, with a planned area of 2.95 km<sup>2</sup> (1.14 sq mi). It is divided into two parts, A Zone and B Zone. A Zone has a construction area of 1.5 km<sup>2</sup> (0.58 sq mi), and started operation in May 2001. All the basic infrastructure is available, which includes road, water, gas, and power supply, telecommunication, and so on. A Zone promotes industries such as home appliances, lighting, machinery, construction materials, and medical instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Dalian Free Trade Zone</li></ul> <p>The Dalian Free Trade Zone was approved to be set up by the government in May, 1992. Policies include duty-free trade. It has attracted some leading industries, such as electronics, machinery, and plastics.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Dalian Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</li></ul> <p>The Dalian Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was approved to be a national-level development zone in 1991. It has a total area of 35.6 square kilometres (13.7 sq mi). It focuses on and encourages the following industries: electronic information, bio-pharmaceuticals, and new materials.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Dandong Border Economic Corporation Zone</li></ul> <p>The Dandong Border Economic Corporation Zone was approved to be a national-level development zone in 1992. It is located in the bank of Yalu River, and opposite <a href="/wiki/Sinuiju" title="Sinuiju">Sinuiju</a>, a North Korean city. It promotes industries such as electronic information, machinery manufacturing, and bio-pharmaceuticals.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Yingkou Economic & Technical Development Zone</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_development_strategies">Regional development strategies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Regional development strategies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Central_Liaoning_City_Cluster_(Shenyang_Metro_Area)"><span id="Central_Liaoning_City_Cluster_.28Shenyang_Metro_Area.29"></span>Central Liaoning City Cluster (Shenyang Metro Area)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Central Liaoning City Cluster (Shenyang Metro Area)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Central Liaoning city cluster is a <a href="/wiki/Megalopolis_(city_type)" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalopolis (city type)">megalopolis</a> centered on <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a> (urban population 4 million). Within its 150 km (93 mi) radius, it includes <a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a> (urban population 1.3 million), <a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a> (1.3 million), <a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a> (1.1 million), <a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a> (0.95 million), <a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a> (0.7 million), and <a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a> (0.4 million). </p><p>In April 2010, the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a> approved a national development strategy for the Shenyang Metro Area. The core of this strategy is innovation in industrial development, integration of the eight cities, integration of urban and rural areas as well as the promotion of more market-oriented development.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Liaoning_Coastal_Economic_Belt">Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Liaoning" title="Special:EditPage/Liaoning">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary</a> of Liaoning, <a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a>, initiated the development of a strategy entitled "5 Points and One Line", which he first proposed on a visit to <a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a> in late 2005. Liaoning Province formally launched the development strategy for the entire Liaoning coastline in early 2006, so as to re-invigorate the provincial economy from its traditional status as a "rustbelt" of Chinese state-owned enterprises. </p><p>The "Five Points" indicate five key development areas in the province and cover seven zones: the Changxing Island Harbor Industrial Zone in <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>; <a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a> Coastal Industrial Base; Liaoxi <a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a> Bay Coastal Economic Zone; <a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a>, and the Zhuanghe Huayuankou Industrial Zone. </p><p>The five zones together cover a planned area of nearly 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi). </p><p>The "One Line" mentioned in the strategy represents a new series of motorways along the coast. The 1,433-kilometer coastline will become the connection between the five above zones, through which 6 provincial cities, 21 counties and 113 towns will be interlinked. Coastal motorways directly connect the entire string of five zones along the Bohai sea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1912<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">12,133,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1928<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,233,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936–37<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">15,254,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1947<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,007,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−34.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1954<sup id="cite_ref-census1954_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1954-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">18,545,147</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+85.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964<sup id="cite_ref-census1964_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1964-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">26,946,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+45.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982<sup id="cite_ref-census1982_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1982-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">35,721,693</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990<sup id="cite_ref-census1990_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census1990-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,459,697</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000<sup id="cite_ref-census2000_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2000-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,824,412</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2010<sup id="cite_ref-census2010_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2010-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">43,746,323</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+4.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">42,591,407</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Liaoning Province was known as Fengtian Province until 1929.<br />Shenyang: part of Liaoning Province until 1947; dissolved in 1954 and incorporated into Liaoning Province.<br />Dalian (Lüda): part of Liaoning Province until 1947; dissolved in 1954 and incorporated into Liaoning Province.<br /><a href="/wiki/Andong_Province" title="Andong Province">Andong Province</a> (Liaodong Province): split from Liaoning Province in 1947; dissolved in 1954 and incorporated into Liaoning Province.<br /><a href="/wiki/Liaobei" title="Liaobei">Liaobei Province</a>: split from Liaoning Province in 1947; dissolved in 1949 and parts were incorporated into Liaoning Province.<br /><a href="/wiki/Rehe_Province" title="Rehe Province">Rehe Province</a>: incorporated into a province in 1928; dissolved in 1955 and parts were incorporated into Liaoning Province.<br /><a href="/wiki/Liaoxi_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoxi Province">Liaoxi Province</a>: split from Liaoning Province in 1949; dissolved in 1954 and incorporated into Liaoning Province.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The population of Liaoning is mostly <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_nationalities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chinese nationalities">minorities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">Koreans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sibe_people" title="Sibe people">Xibe</a>. Liaoning has both the highest absolute number and highest percentage of Manchus in all of China. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" align="center">Ethnic groups in Liaoning, 2000 census </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a></td> <td>35,105,991</td> <td>83.94% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu</a></td> <td>5,385,287</td> <td>12.88% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol">Mongol</a></td> <td>669,972</td> <td>1.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></td> <td>264,407</td> <td>0.632% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a></td> <td>241,052</td> <td>0.576% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xibe_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Xibe people">Xibe</a></td> <td>132,615</td> <td>0.317% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Excludes members of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> in active service.<br /> <b>Source:</b><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northeast_China" title="Religion in Northeast China">Religion in Northeast China</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:GreenYellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:GreenYellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:GreenYellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 7957.3282711643px; border-left-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkOrchid"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3978.035783976px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1589.4544843865px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 490.63900054487px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 164.34184888722px; border-left-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Honeydew"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Liaoning (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-CFPS2012_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Honeydew; color:black;"> </span> Non religious and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">traditional faiths</a> (91.3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhism</a> (5.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestantism</a> (2.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Islam</a> (0.6%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrchid; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> (0.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:GreenYellow; color:black;"> </span> Others (0.1%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>According to a 2012 survey,<sup id="cite_ref-CFPS2012_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CFPS2012-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only around 10% of the population of Liaoning belongs to organised religions, the largest groups being <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_China" title="Buddhism in China">Buddhists</a> with 5.5%, followed by <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_China" title="Protestantism in China">Protestants</a> with 2.2%, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Muslims</a> with 0.6% and <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in China">Catholics</a> with 0.2%. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jade_Buddha_Palace_in_Anshan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jade_Buddha_Palace_in_Anshan.jpg/220px-Jade_Buddha_Palace_in_Anshan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jade_Buddha_Palace_in_Anshan.jpg/330px-Jade_Buddha_Palace_in_Anshan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Jade_Buddha_Palace_in_Anshan.jpg/440px-Jade_Buddha_Palace_in_Anshan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Jade Buddha Temple in <a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The reports did not give figures for other types of religion; around 90% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religions</a> (cults of nature deities and ancestors), <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">folk religious sects</a>. </p><p>The significant <a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a> population, although strongly assimilated to the <a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> and practicing Chinese religions, also retains its own pure <a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu shamanism</a>. At the same time, the <a href="/wiki/Dongbei_folk_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongbei folk religion">local religion of the Han people throughout Manchuria</a> has developed patterns of deities, ideas, and practices inherited from Manchu and <a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungus</a> shamanism, making it quite different from central and southern Chinese folk religion. The <a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongol</a> ethnic minority either follows the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_folk_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian folk religion">Mongolian folk religion</a> and shamanism, or <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Liaoning" title="Special:EditPage/Liaoning">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mukden_palace_Chongzheng_Hall_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Mukden_palace_Chongzheng_Hall_04.jpg/220px-Mukden_palace_Chongzheng_Hall_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Mukden_palace_Chongzheng_Hall_04.jpg/330px-Mukden_palace_Chongzheng_Hall_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Mukden_palace_Chongzheng_Hall_04.jpg/440px-Mukden_palace_Chongzheng_Hall_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Chongzheng Hall in the Mukden Palace</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a> was the palace of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing Dynasty</a> emperors before they conquered the rest of China and moved their capital to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. Though not as large nor as well known as its counterpart (the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a>) in Beijing, the Mukden palace is significant for its representation of palace architecture at the time, and has recently been included on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> as an extension of the Imperial Palace site in Beijing. </p><p>In addition, three imperial tombs dating from the Qing Dynasty are located in Liaoning. These tomb sites have been grouped with other <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty">Ming</a> and Qing Dynasties tombs (such as the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Dynasty_Tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Dynasty Tombs">Ming Dynasty Tombs</a> in Beijing, and the <a href="/wiki/Ming_Xiaoling" class="mw-redirect" title="Ming Xiaoling">Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>) as a combined UNESCO World Heritage Site. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wunu_Mountain_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Wunu Mountain City">Wunu Mountain City</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo">Goguryeo</a> site found in <a href="/wiki/Huanren_Manchu_autonomous_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanren Manchu autonomous county">Huanren Manchu Autonomous County</a>, is part of a combined <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> that also includes sites in <a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a> offers a boat ride through a large <a href="/wiki/Stalactite" title="Stalactite">stalactite</a> filled cave and underground river. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a> hosts the <a href="/wiki/Jade_Buddha_Palace" title="Jade Buddha Palace">Jade Buddha Palace</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> statue made of <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> in the world. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a>, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in northeast China, has a number of historical sites, including the White Pagoda (Baita), that dates to the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuan Dynasty">Yuan Dynasty</a>. </p><p>The port city of <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, located on the tip of the <a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a>, is a tourist destination in its own right, with beaches, resorts, zoos, seafood, shopping, Russian- and Japanese-era heritage architecture, and <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcars</a>, a rare sight in China. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a>, on the border with <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, is a medium-sized city that offers a cross-river view of the North Korean city of <a href="/wiki/Sinuiju" title="Sinuiju">Sinŭiju</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bijia_Mountain" title="Bijia Mountain">Bijia Mountain</a> is an island which joins to the mainland at low tide by a land bridge. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liaoning is also one of China's leading provinces in research and education. As of 2023, two major cities in Liaoning ranked in the world's top 200 cities (Dalian 37th and Shenyang 124th) by scientific research output, as tracked by <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Liaoning" title="List of universities and colleges in Liaoning">List of universities and colleges in Liaoning</a></div> <p>Under the national Ministry of Education: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(Liaoning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern University (Liaoning)">Northeastern University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_University_of_Technology" title="Dalian University of Technology">Dalian University of Technology</a></li></ul> <p>Under various other national agencies: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Police_University_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Police University of China">National Police University of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Maritime_University" title="Dalian Maritime University">Dalian Maritime University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Nationalities_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalian Nationalities University">Dalian Nationalities University</a></li></ul> <p>Under the provincial government: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Medical_University_(PRC)" class="mw-redirect" title="China Medical University (PRC)">China Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Normal_University" title="Shenyang Normal University">Shenyang Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Medical_College" title="Shenyang Medical College">Shenyang Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Medical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoning Medical University">Liaoning Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Normal_University" title="Liaoning Normal University">Liaoning Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Technical_University" title="Liaoning Technical University">Liaoning Technical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_University" title="Liaoning University">Liaoning University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_University_of_Petroleum_and_Chemical_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology">Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Agricultural_University" title="Shenyang Agricultural University">Shenyang Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Institute_of_Aeronautical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering">Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Institute_of_Chemical_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology">Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Jianzhu_University" title="Shenyang Jianzhu University">Shenyang Jianzhu University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Ligong_University" title="Shenyang Ligong University">Shenyang Ligong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Pharmaceutical_University" title="Shenyang Pharmaceutical University">Shenyang Pharmaceutical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_University" title="Shenyang University">Shenyang University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_University_of_Technology" title="Shenyang University of Technology">Shenyang University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan_Normal_University" title="Anshan Normal University">Anshan Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_University" title="Bohai University">Bohai University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Jiaotong_University" title="Dalian Jiaotong University">Dalian Jiaotong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Medical_University" title="Dalian Medical University">Dalian Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_University" title="Dalian University">Dalian University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_University_of_Foreign_Languages" title="Dalian University of Foreign Languages">Dalian University of Foreign Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongbei_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Dongbei University of Finance and Economics">Dongbei University of Finance and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoning Institute of Technology">Liaoning Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning_Radio_and_TV_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liaoning Radio and TV University (page does not exist)">Liaoning Radio and TV University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">辽宁广播电视大学</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shenyang_Polytechnic_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shenyang Polytechnic College (page does not exist)">Shenyang Polytechnic College</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">沈阳职业技术学院</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg/220px-%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg/330px-%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg/440px-%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Sports_Center_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalian Sports Center Stadium">Dalian Sports Center Stadium</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Professional sports teams based in Liaoning include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Flying_Leopards" title="Liaoning Flying Leopards">Liaoning Flying Leopards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Hengye" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoning Hengye">Liaoning Hengye</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Football_Association_Super_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Football Association Super League">Chinese Football Association Super League</a> (Chinese Super League) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_Professional_F.C." title="Dalian Professional F.C.">Dalian Professional F.C.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Football_Association_Jia_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Football Association Jia League">Chinese Football Association Jia League</a> (China League One) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dandong_Tengyue" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandong Tengyue">Dandong Tengyue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Shenyang_Urban" class="mw-redirect" title="Liaoning Shenyang Urban">Liaoning Shenyang Urban</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_National_Games_of_China" title="2013 National Games of China">2013 National Games of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang_North_Tower" title="Chaoyang North Tower">Chaoyang North Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_aircraft_carrier_Liaoning" title="Chinese aircraft carrier Liaoning">Chinese aircraft carrier <i>Liaoning</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Feathered_Dinosaurs_of_China" title="Feathered Dinosaurs of China">Feathered Dinosaurs of China</a></i>, a documentary book</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gojoseon%E2%80%93Yan_War" title="Gojoseon–Yan War">Gojoseon–Yan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_national_historical_and_cultural_sites_(Liaoning)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major national historical and cultural sites (Liaoning)">Major national historical and cultural sites (Liaoning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_Mandarin" title="Shenyang Mandarin">Shenyang Mandarin</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div 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.cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">"Doing Business in China – Survey"</a>. Ministry Of Commerce – People's Republic Of China. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/">the original</a> on 5 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+in+China+%E2%80%93+Survey&rft.pub=Ministry+Of+Commerce+%E2%80%93+People%27s+Republic+Of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.mofcom.gov.cn%2Farticle%2Fzt_business%2Flanmub%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html">"Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. 11 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+Seventh+National+Population+Census+%28No.+3%29&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2FPressRelease%2F202105%2Ft20210510_1817188.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDPdata-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GDPdata_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103">"National Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">China NBS</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=zh%3A+2023%E5%B9%B4%E8%BE%BD%E5%AE%81%E7%9C%81%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=liaoning.gov.cn&rft.date=2024-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftjj.ln.gov.cn%2Ftjj%2Ftjsj%2Ftjgb%2Fndtjgb%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span>. The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html">"Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development"</a> (Press release). China NBS. 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Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 18–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0490-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-0490-4"><bdi>978-1-4422-0490-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ming+China%2C+1368%E2%80%931644%3A+A+Concise+History+of+a+Resilient+Empire&rft.pages=18-&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-0490-4&rft.au=John+W.+Dardess&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0vLn_IZZVMUC%26q%3Dming%2Byunnan%2Bliaodong%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edmonds38-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edmonds38_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdmonds1985" class="citation book cs1">Edmonds, Richard Louis (1985). <i>Northern Frontiers of Qing China and Tokugawa Japan: A Comparative Study of Frontier Policy</i>. University of Chicago, Department of Geography; Research Paper No. 213. pp. 38–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89065-118-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-89065-118-3"><bdi>0-89065-118-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northern+Frontiers+of+Qing+China+and+Tokugawa+Japan%3A+A+Comparative+Study+of+Frontier+Policy&rft.pages=38-40&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago%2C+Department+of+Geography%3B+Research+Paper+No.+213&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-89065-118-3&rft.aulast=Edmonds&rft.aufirst=Richard+Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304204254/http://history.cultural-china.com/en/46H2732H7936.html">"Xingjing"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.cultural-china.com/en/46H2732H7936.html">the original</a> on 2010-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Xingjing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.cultural-china.com%2Fen%2F46H2732H7936.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304204303/http://history.cultural-china.com/en/46H2732H7937.html">"Dongjing"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.cultural-china.com/en/46H2732H7937.html">the original</a> on 2010-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dongjing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.cultural-china.com%2Fen%2F46H2732H7937.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edmonds113-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edmonds113_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmonds (1985), p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmonds (1985), p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmonds (1985), pp. 74–75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edmonds58-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-edmonds58_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmonds (1985), pp. 58–61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edmonds76-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edmonds76_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edmonds76_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmonds (1985), p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chen1998-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chen1998_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chen, P-J., Dong, Z-M., Zhen, S-N. 1998. An exceptionally well-preserved theropod dinosaur from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature. Vol. 391:14.–152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vaughan-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vaughan_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughanRyanCheshireCzaplewski2011" class="citation book cs1">Vaughan, Terry A; Ryan, James M.; Cheshire, Leonard; Czaplewski, Nicholas J. (2011). <i>Mammalogy</i>. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 114–116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1449644376" title="Special:BookSources/978-1449644376"><bdi>978-1449644376</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammalogy&rft.pages=114-116&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1449644376&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Terry+A&rft.au=Ryan%2C+James+M.&rft.au=Cheshire%2C+Leonard&rft.au=Czaplewski%2C+Nicholas+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manning-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manning_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManning2008" class="citation book cs1">Manning, Phillip Lars (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gravesecretsofdi0000mann"><i>Grave Secrets of Dinosaurs: Soft Tissues and Hard Science</i></a></span>. National Geographic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1426202193" title="Special:BookSources/978-1426202193"><bdi>978-1426202193</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2014</span>. <q>Liaoning dinosaur.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grave+Secrets+of+Dinosaurs%3A+Soft+Tissues+and+Hard+Science&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1426202193&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=Phillip+Lars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgravesecretsofdi0000mann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selden-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Selden_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeldenNudds2012" class="citation book cs1">Selden, Paul; Nudds, John (2012). <i>Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems</i>. Elsevier. pp. 168–182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0124046375" title="Special:BookSources/978-0124046375"><bdi>978-0124046375</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution+of+Fossil+Ecosystems&rft.pages=168-182&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0124046375&rft.aulast=Selden&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Nudds%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brusatte-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brusatte_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brusatte_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrusatte2012" class="citation book cs1">Brusatte, Stephen L. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3z68oumOGOoC&q=Liaoning+dinosaur&pg=PA76"><i>Dinosaur Paleobiology, Volume 1 of TOPA Topics in Paleobiology</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 75–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118273555" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118273555"><bdi>978-1118273555</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dinosaur+Paleobiology%2C+Volume+1+of+TOPA+Topics+in+Paleobiology&rft.pages=75-77&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1118273555&rft.aulast=Brusatte&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3z68oumOGOoC%26q%3DLiaoning%2Bdinosaur%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Norell-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Norell_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norell_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Norell_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorellGaffneyDingus2000" class="citation book cs1">Norell, Mark; Gaffney, Eugene S.; Dingus, Lowell (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveringdinos00nore/page/214"><i>Discovering Dinosaurs: Evolution, Extinction, and the Lessons of Prehistory</i></a></span>. University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveringdinos00nore/page/214">214–216</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520225015" title="Special:BookSources/0520225015"><bdi>0520225015</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+Dinosaurs%3A+Evolution%2C+Extinction%2C+and+the+Lessons+of+Prehistory&rft.pages=214-216&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0520225015&rft.aulast=Norell&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Gaffney%2C+Eugene+S.&rft.au=Dingus%2C+Lowell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveringdinos00nore%2Fpage%2F214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%BF%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffiles2.mca.gov.cn%2Fcws%2F201502%2F20150225163817214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nj2013-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nj2013_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShenzhen_Bureau_of_Statistics" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512184740/http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《深圳统计年鉴2014》</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm">the original</a> on 2015-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42014%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.au=Shenzhen+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sztj.gov.cn%2Fnj2014%2Findexce.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_Office_of_the_State_Council_of_the_People's_Republic_of_ChinaPopulation_and_Employment_Statistics_Division_of_the_National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). <bdi lang="zh">中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料</bdi> (1 ed.). Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6660-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6660-2"><bdi>978-7-5037-6660-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E4%B9%A1%E3%80%81%E9%95%87%E3%80%81%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2&rft.au=Census+Office+of+the+State+Council+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.au=Population+and+Employment+Statistics+Division+of+the+National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Civil_Affairs2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Affairs" title="Ministry of Civil Affairs">Ministry of Civil Affairs</a> (August 2014). <bdi lang="zh">《中国民政统计年鉴2014》</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-7130-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-7130-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42014%E3%80%8B&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2014-08&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-7130-9&rft.au=Ministry+of+Civil+Affairs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexch.htm">http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexch.htm</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2020PRCcensus-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2020PRCcensus_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2022). <bdi lang="zh">中国2020年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-9772-9"><bdi>978-7-5037-9772-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2020%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-9772-9&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010PRCcensus-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010PRCcensus_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). <bdi lang="zh">中国2010年人口普查分县资料</bdi>. Beijing: <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="zh:中国统计出版社">China Statistics Print</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5037-6659-6"><bdi>978-7-5037-6659-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD2010%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%86%E5%8E%BF%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistics+Print&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4%E3%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%E7%BC%96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China(MOHURD)2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban-Rural_Development" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development">Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development</a> of the People's Republic of China(MOHURD) (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02020032722244243052500000.xls"><i>中国城市建设统计年鉴2018</i></a> [<i>China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018</i>] (in Chinese). Beijing: China Statistic Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B9%B4%E9%89%B42018&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=China+Statistic+Publishing+House&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Ministry+of+Housing+and+Urban-Rural+Development+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China%28MOHURD%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohurd.gov.cn%2Fxytj%2Ftjzljsxytjgb%2Fjstjnj%2Fw02020032722244243052500000.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thechinaperspective.com-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thechinaperspective.com_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008045442/http://thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/liaoning-province/">"Liaoning Province: Economic News and Statistics for Liaoning's Economy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thechinaperspective.com/topics/province/liaoning-province/">the original</a> on 2011-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Liaoning+Province%3A+Economic+News+and+Statistics+for+Liaoning%27s+Economy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthechinaperspective.com%2Ftopics%2Fprovince%2Fliaoning-province%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708011806/http://velopment.de/wiki/Liaoning_Economic_Development_Zones">Economic Development Zones</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708011823/http://velopment.de/wiki/Liaoning_High-Tech_Zones">High-Tech Zones</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708011811/http://velopment.de/wiki/Liaoning_Free_Trade_and_Export_Processing_Zones">Free Trade and Export Processing Zones</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708011802/http://velopment.de/wiki/Liaoning_Dalian_Golden_Pebble_Beach_National_Tourist_Resort">Special Development Zones</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100705143015/http://velopment.de/wiki/Main_Page">"China Liaoning Business Guide"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://velopment.de/wiki/Main_Page/">the original</a> on 2010-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Liaoning+Business+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvelopment.de%2Fwiki%2FMain_Page%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/shenyang-cross-strait-science-industrial-zone/">RightSite.asia | Shenyang Cross-Strait Science Industrial Zone</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/liaoning-shenyang-zhangshi-export-processing-zone/">RightSite.asia | Liaoning Shenyang Zhangshi Export Processing Zone</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/shenyang-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/">RightSite.asia | Shenyang Hunnan Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/dalian-economic-and-technological-development-zone/">RightSite.asia | Dalian Economic & Technological Development Zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826060455/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/dalian-economic-and-technological-development-zone">Archived</a> 2011-08-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/dalian-export-processing-zone/">RightSite.asia | Dalian Export Processing Zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826060558/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/dalian-export-processing-zone">Archived</a> 2011-08-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/dalian-free-trade-zone/">RightSite.asia | Dalian Free Trade Zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826060639/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/dalian-free-trade-zone">Archived</a> 2011-08-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/dalian-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/">RightSite.asia | Dalian Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110826060839/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/dalian-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone">Archived</a> 2011-08-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/dandong-border-economic-corporation-zone/">RightSite.asia | Dandong Border Economic Corporation Zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100418215849/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/dandong-border-economic-corporation-zone">Archived</a> 2010-04-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701081708/http://velopment.de/wiki/Investment_in_Liaoning#Development_of_the_Shenyang_Metropolitan_Area">"China Liaoning Business Guide"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://velopment.de/wiki/Investment_in_Liaoning">the original</a> on 2010-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+Liaoning+Business+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvelopment.de%2Fwiki%2FInvestment_in_Liaoning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html"><bdi lang="ja">1912年中国人口</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1912%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1928年中国人口</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1928%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1936–37年中国人口</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1936%E2%80%9337%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm"><bdi lang="ja">1947年全国人口</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1947%E5%B9%B4%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ier.hit-u.ac.jp%2FCOE%2FJapanese%2Fdiscussionpapers%2FDP97.9%2Ffhyo5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1954-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1954_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm">the original</a> on August 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E7%99%BB%E8%AE%B0%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16767.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1964-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1964_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm"><bdi lang="zh">第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm">the original</a> on September 14, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E9%A1%B9%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16768.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1982-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1982_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm">the original</a> on May 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E4%BA%8C%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16769.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census1990-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census1990_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm"><bdi lang="zh">中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm">the original</a> on June 19, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%87%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E6%8A%A5&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020404_16772.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2000-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2000_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm"><bdi lang="zh">现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm">the original</a> on August 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E7%8E%B0%E5%B0%862000%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E5%BF%AB%E9%80%9F%E6%B1%87%E6%80%BB%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjgb%2Frkpcgb%2Fqgrkpcgb%2Ft20020331_15435.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2010-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2010_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm">"Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_China" title="National Bureau of Statistics of China">National Bureau of Statistics of China</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm">the original</a> on July 27, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+of+the+National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+People%27s+Republic+of+China+on+Major+Figures+of+the+2010+Population+Census&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Fenglish%2Fnewsandcomingevents%2Ft20110429_402722516.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Bureau_of_Population_and_Social_Science_and_Technology_Statistics_Division_of_China_(国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)Department_of_Economic_Development_of_the_State_Ethnic_Affairs_Commission_of_China_(国家民族事务委员会经济发展司Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">National Bureau of Population and Social Science and Technology Statistics Division of China (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司</span></span>); Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">国家民族事务委员会经济发展司</span></span>) (2003). <bdi lang="zh">《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》</bdi> (in Chinese (China)). Beijing: <a href="/wiki/Publishing_House_of_Minority_Nationalities" title="Publishing House of Minority Nationalities">Publishing House of Minority Nationalities</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7105054251" title="Special:BookSources/978-7105054251"><bdi>978-7105054251</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A2000%E5%B9%B4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%99%AE%E6%9F%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E3%80%8B&rft.place=Beijing&rft.pub=Publishing+House+of+Minority+Nationalities&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-7105054251&rft.au=National+Bureau+of+Population+and+Social+Science+and+Technology+Statistics+Division+of+China+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%B1%80%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%8F%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rft.au=Department+of+Economic+Development+of+the+State+Ethnic+Affairs+Commission+of+China+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E5%8F%B8%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span>, 2 volumes</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CFPS2012-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CFPS2012_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CFPS2012_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">China Family Panel Studies 2012: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140809051625/http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf"><bdi lang="zh">当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS（2012）调查数据</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/CASS" class="mw-redirect" title="CASS">CASS</a>. 2014-03-03. p. 13. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-08-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8ECFPS%EF%BC%882012%EF%BC%89%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=CASS&rft.date=2014-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiwr.cass.cn%2Fzjwh%2F201403%2FW020140303370398758556.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiaoning" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Liaoning#Q43934" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Liaoning">Liaoning</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511184825/http://www.ln.gov.cn/">Official website of the Liaoning Provincial Government</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.nen.com.cn/">Liaoning Information Guide</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111025234036/http://english.nen.com.cn/">Archived</a> 2011-10-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4448">Complete Map of the Seven Coastal Provinces</a> from 1821 to 1850 <span class="languageicon">(in English and Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/liaoning.htm">Economic profile for Liaoning</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Trade_Development_Council" title="Hong Kong Trade Development Council">HKTDC</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Liaoning" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Liaoning</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Liaoning</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/North_Pyongan" class="mw-redirect" title="North Pyongan">North Pyongan</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></i></td> <td></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Korea_Bay" title="Korea Bay">Korea Bay</a></i></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Liaoning_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liaoning_topics" title="Template:Liaoning topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liaoning_topics" title="Template talk:Liaoning topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liaoning_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liaoning topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Liaoning_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liaoning</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Liaoning" title="Category:Liaoning">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Liaoning" title="Politics of Liaoning">Politics</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Liaoning" title="Category:Geography of Liaoning">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Liaoning" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changbai_Mountains" title="Changbai Mountains">Changbai Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianshan_National_Park" title="Qianshan National Park">Qianshan Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liao_River" title="Liao River">Liao River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Liaoning" title="List of universities and colleges in Liaoning">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_University" title="Liaoning University">Liaoning University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_Normal_University" title="Liaoning Normal University">Liaoning Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_(Shenyang,_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern University (Shenyang, China)">Northeastern University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian_University" title="Dalian University">Dalian University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_cuisine" title="Liaoning cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchu">Manchu People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Palace" title="Mukden Palace">Mukden Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Tombs_of_the_Ming_and_Qing_Dynasties" title="Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties">Early Qing Tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wunu_Mountain_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Wunu Mountain City">Wunu Mountain City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan_Jade_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Anshan Jade Buddha">Anshan Jade Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijia_Mountain" title="Bijia Mountain">Bijia Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Liaoning" title="Category:Liaoning">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liaoning" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Liaoning">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Liaoning_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Liaoning" title="Template:Liaoning"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Liaoning" title="Template talk:Liaoning"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Liaoning" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Liaoning"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Liaoning_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Liaoning" title="List of administrative divisions of Liaoning">County-level divisions</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liaoning</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subdivisions of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenhe_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhe District">Shenhe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huanggu District">Huanggu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heping_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Heping District, Shenyang">Heping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadong District">Dadong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiexi_District,_Shenyang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiexi District, Shenyang">Tiexi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujiatun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sujiatun District">Sujiatun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunnan District">Hunnan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenbei_New_Area" title="Shenbei New Area">Shenbei New Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuhong District">Yuhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaozhong_District" title="Liaozhong District">Liaozhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faku_County" title="Faku County">Faku County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangping_County" title="Kangping County">Kangping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xigang_District,_Dalian" class="mw-redirect" title="Xigang District, Dalian">Xigang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_District,_Dalian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongshan District, Dalian">Zhongshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahekou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahekou District">Shahekou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjingzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganjingzi District">Ganjingzi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshunkou District">Lüshunkou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinzhou District">Jinzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulandian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulandian District">Pulandian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changhai_County" title="Changhai County">Changhai County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiedong_District,_Anshan" title="Tiedong District, Anshan">Tiedong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiexi_District,_Anshan" title="Tiexi District, Anshan">Tiexi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishan_District" title="Lishan District">Lishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianshan_District" title="Qianshan District">Qianshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an_County" title="Tai'an County">Tai'an County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiuyan_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County">Xiuyan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuncheng_District" title="Shuncheng District">Shuncheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinfu_District,_Fushun" title="Xinfu District, Fushun">Xinfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongzhou_District" title="Dongzhou District">Dongzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanghua_District" title="Wanghua District">Wanghua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun_County,_Liaoning" title="Fushun County, Liaoning">Fushun County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinbin_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County">Xinbin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County">Qingyuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pingshan_District,_Benxi" title="Pingshan District, Benxi">Pingshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihu_District,_Benxi" title="Xihu District, Benxi">Xihu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingshan_District,_Benxi" title="Mingshan District, Benxi">Mingshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanfen_District" title="Nanfen District">Nanfen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Benxi Manchu Autonomous County">Benxi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanren_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Huanren Manchu Autonomous County">Huanren County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhenxing_District" title="Zhenxing District">Zhenxing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanbao_District" title="Yuanbao District">Yuanbao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhen%27an_District" title="Zhen'an District">Zhen'an District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuandian_Manchu_Autonomous_County" title="Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County">Kuandian County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taihe_District" title="Taihe District">Taihe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guta_District" title="Guta District">Guta District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghe_District" title="Linghe District">Linghe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heishan_County" title="Heishan County">Heishan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_County,_Liaoning" title="Yi County, Liaoning">Yi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhanqian_District" title="Zhanqian District">Zhanqian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishi_District" title="Xishi District">Xishi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayuquan_District" title="Bayuquan District">Bayuquan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laobian_District" title="Laobian District">Laobian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haizhou_District,_Fuxin" title="Haizhou District, Fuxin">Haizhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinqiu_District" title="Xinqiu District">Xinqiu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_District,_Fuxin" title="Taiping District, Fuxin">Taiping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghemen_District" title="Qinghemen District">Qinghemen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xihe_District" title="Xihe District">Xihe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangwu_County" title="Zhangwu County">Zhangwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin_Mongol_Autonomous_County" title="Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County">Fuxin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baita_District" title="Baita District">Baita District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wensheng_District" title="Wensheng District">Wensheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongwei_District" title="Hongwei District">Hongwei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongchangling_District" title="Gongchangling District">Gongchangling District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizihe_District" title="Taizihe District">Taizihe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang_County" title="Liaoyang County">Liaoyang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglongtai_District" title="Xinglongtai District">Xinglongtai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangtaizi_District" title="Shuangtaizi District">Shuangtaizi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawa_District" title="Dawa District">Dawa District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshan_County" title="Panshan County">Panshan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yinzhou_District,_Tieling" title="Yinzhou District, Tieling">Yinzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghe_District,_Tieling" title="Qinghe District, Tieling">Qinghe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling_County" title="Tieling County">Tieling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xifeng_County,_Liaoning" title="Xifeng County, Liaoning">Xifeng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changtu_County" title="Changtu County">Changtu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuangta_District" title="Shuangta District">Shuangta District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longcheng_District" title="Longcheng District">Longcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang_County" title="Chaoyang County">Chaoyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianping_County" title="Jianping County">Jianping County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harqin_Zuoyi_Mongol_Autonomous_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Harqin Zuoyi Mongol Autonomous County">Harqin Zuoyi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longgang_District,_Huludao" title="Longgang District, Huludao">Longgang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianshan_District" title="Lianshan District">Lianshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanpiao_District" title="Nanpiao District">Nanpiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhong_County" title="Suizhong County">Suizhong County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianchang_County" title="Jianchang County">Jianchang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Template talk:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Province-level divisions of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial-level_divisions_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Province-level_divisions_of_China" title="Province-level divisions of China">Provincial-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_blank_province_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/150px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/225px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/China_blank_province_map.svg/300px-China_blank_province_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipality" title="Direct-administered municipality">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">Disputed province</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size:80%;"><div><sup>1</sup> <a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a> is <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">claimed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> but administered by the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Taiwan" title="Political status of Taiwan">political status of Taiwan</a>).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43934#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43934#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43934#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126672166">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4254136-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80138224">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119823809">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119823809">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00647900">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4800317">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007561911905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/f97624c8-5432-4033-9683-4bce1cd13a2f">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&oldid=1258712314">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liaoning&oldid=1258712314</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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