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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plate_tectonics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Plate tectonics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plate_tectonics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Water resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistical_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistical_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Statistical data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistical_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Map" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Map"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Map</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Map-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">West Asia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 122 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">122 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Asia Barat" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes-Asi%C3%AB" title="Wes-Asië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wes-Asië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="غرب آسيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غرب آسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90_%DC%A1%DC%A5%DC%AA%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܐܣܝܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܣܝܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Occidental" title="Asia Occidental – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Asia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarahyreike_%C3%81sia" title="Kuarahyreike Ásia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarahyreike Ásia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%82%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="БакътӀерхьул Азия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="БакътӀерхьул Азия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96n_Asiya" title="Ön Asiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ön Asiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="باتی آسیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باتی آسیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Kauh" title="Asia Kauh – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Asia Kauh" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="পশ্চিম এশিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পশ্চিম এশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_A-chiu" title="Sai A-chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sai A-chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D2%93%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алғы Азия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Алғы Азия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Пярэдняя Азія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пярэдняя Азія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Паўднёва-Заходняя Азія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Паўднёва-Заходняя Азія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Югозападна Азия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Югозападна Азия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugozapadna_Azija" title="Jugozapadna Azija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jugozapadna Azija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azia_ar_Mervent" title="Azia ar Mervent – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Azia ar Mervent" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80sia_occidental" title="Àsia occidental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Àsia occidental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Малти Ази – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Малти Ази" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihoz%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Asie" title="Jihozápadní Asie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jihozápadní Asie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezhiya_ye_Madokero" title="Ezhiya ye Madokero – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ezhiya ye Madokero" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-orllewin_Asia" title="De-orllewin Asia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="De-orllewin Asia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestasien" title="Vestasien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vestasien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorderasien" title="Vorderasien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vorderasien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ees-Aasia" title="Ees-Aasia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ees-Aasia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δυτική Ασία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτική Ασία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Occidental" title="Asia Occidental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcidenta_Azio" title="Okcidenta Azio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okcidenta Azio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hego-mendebaldeko_Asia" title="Hego-mendebaldeko Asia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hego-mendebaldeko Asia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="غرب آسیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غرب آسیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asie_de_l%27Ouest" title="Asie de l'Ouest – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Asie de l'Ouest" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Occidental" title="Asia Occidental – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Asia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Хьалхара Ази – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хьалхара Ази" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-%C3%82" title="Sî-Â – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sî-Â" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="서아시아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서아시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yammacin_Asiya" title="Yammacin Asiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yammacin Asiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B4%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Հարավարևմտյան Ասիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հարավարևմտյան Ասիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="पश्चिमी एशिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पश्चिमी एशिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugozapadna_Azija" title="Jugozapadna Azija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jugozapadna Azija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akinlaud_nga_Asia" title="Akinlaud nga Asia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Akinlaud nga Asia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asia Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C3%B0vestur-As%C3%ADa" title="Suðvestur-Asía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Suðvestur-Asía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_occidentale" title="Asia occidentale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Asia occidentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="דרום-מערב אסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרום-מערב אסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Kidul-kulon" title="Asia Kidul-kulon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Asia Kidul-kulon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE_%E0%B2%8F%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE" title="ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಏಷ್ಯಾ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಏಷ್ಯಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დასავლეთი აზია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დასავლეთი აზია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%A3%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Оңтүстік-Батыс Азия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оңтүстік-Батыс Азия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_ya_Magharibi" title="Asia ya Magharibi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Asia ya Magharibi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taltefa_Asia" title="Taltefa Asia – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Taltefa Asia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%BA-%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Түштүк-Батыш Азия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Түштүк-Батыш Азия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Анзыл Ази – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Анзыл Ази" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asya_Oksidentala" title="Asya Oksidentala – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Asya Oksidentala" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dienvidrietum%C4%81zija" title="Dienvidrietumāzija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dienvidrietumāzija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakar%C5%B3_Azija" title="Vakarų Azija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vakarų Azija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%ADa_ya_L%C3%ADmbe" title="Azía ya Límbe – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Azía ya Límbe" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_sude-ueste" title="Asia sude-ueste – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Asia sude-ueste" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9lnyugat-%C3%81zsia" title="Délnyugat-Ázsia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Délnyugat-Ázsia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Југозападна Азија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Југозападна Азија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azia_Andrefana" title="Azia Andrefana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Azia Andrefana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="പശ്ചിമേഷ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പശ്ചിമേഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="पश्चिम आशिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पश्चिम आशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბჟადალი აზია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბჟადალი აზია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asia Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Barat" title="Asia Barat – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Asia Barat" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83%CC%A4-%C4%81" title="Să̤-ā – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Să̤-ā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Баруун Ази – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Баруун Ази" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuidwest-Azi%C3%AB" title="Zuidwest-Azië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zuidwest-Azië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="पश्चिमी एसिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पश्चिमी एसिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2" title="西アジア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西アジア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Хьалхара Ази – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хьалхара Ази" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6%C3%B6raasien" title="Fööraasien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fööraasien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest-Asia" title="Vest-Asia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vest-Asia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8rvest-Asia" title="Sørvest-Asia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sørvest-Asia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Occidentala" title="Asia Occidentala – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Asia Occidentala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%CA%BBarbiy_Osiyo" title="Gʻarbiy Osiyo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gʻarbiy Osiyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لہندا ایشیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لہندا ایشیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%DA%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="لويديځه اسيا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لويديځه اسيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%85" title="អាស៊ីខាងលិច – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាស៊ីខាងលិច" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azja_Zachodnia" title="Azja Zachodnia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azja Zachodnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudoeste_Asi%C3%A1tico" title="Sudoeste Asiático – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sudoeste Asiático" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubla-bat%C4%B1s_Aziya" title="Qubla-batıs Aziya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qubla-batıs Aziya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_de_Vest" title="Asia de Vest – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Asia de Vest" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Передняя Азия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Передняя Азия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastren_Aisie" title="Wastren Aisie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wastren Aisie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azia_Jugper%C3%ABndimore" title="Azia Jugperëndimore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Azia Jugperëndimore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="බටහිර ආසියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බටහිර ආසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Asia" title="Western Asia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Western Asia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DA%BE_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اولھ ايشيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اولھ ايشيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhoz%C3%A1padn%C3%A1_%C3%81zia" title="Juhozápadná Ázia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Juhozápadná Ázia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ڕۆژاوای ئاسیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژاوای ئاسیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Југозападна Азија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Југозападна Азија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugozapadna_Azija" title="Jugozapadna Azija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jugozapadna Azija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Kulon" title="Asia Kulon – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Asia Kulon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etu-Aasia" title="Etu-Aasia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Etu-Aasia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydv%C3%A4stasien" title="Sydvästasien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sydvästasien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanlurang_Asya" title="Kanlurang Asya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanlurang Asya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="மேற்கு ஆசியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேற்கு ஆசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8B_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алгы Азия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алгы Азия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89" title="เอเชียตะวันตกเฉียงใต้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอเชียตะวันตกเฉียงใต้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B8_%D2%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D3%A3" title="Осиёи Ғарбӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Осиёи Ғарбӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Asya" title="Batı Asya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Asya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnbatar_Azi%C3%BDa" title="Günbatar Aziýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Günbatar Aziýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1siya_Jenshyung" title="A̱siya Jenshyung – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱siya Jenshyung" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Західна Азія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західна Азія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مغربی ایشیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغربی ایشیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="غەربىي ئاسىيا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="غەربىي ئاسىيا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80zia_osidenta%C5%82e" title="Àzia osidentałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Àzia osidentałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2y_%C3%81" title="Tây Á – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây Á" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="西亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Azi%C3%AB" title="West-Azië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="West-Azië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katundan_nga_Asya" title="Katundan nga Asya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katundan nga Asya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="西亞 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西亞" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%90%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A2" title="מערב אזיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מערב אזיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cw%E1%BB%8D%C3%B2r%C3%B9n_%C3%81s%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Ìwọòrùn Ásíà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìwọòrùn Ásíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="西亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asyay_Rocawani" title="Asyay Rocawani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Asyay Rocawani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia_Lawok" title="Asia Lawok – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Asia Lawok" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subregion of the Asian continent</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">West Asia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Western_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">5,994,935 km<sup>2</sup> (2,314,657 sq mi)<sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">313,450,000 (2018) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_continents_by_population#Regional_and_continental_.28sub.29totals_in_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="List of continents by population">9th</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2019_2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2019_2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population density</th><td class="infobox-data">50.1/km<sup>2</sup> (130/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">$9.063 trillion (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP (nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">$3.383 trillion (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">$10,793 (2019; nominal)<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />$28,918 (2019; PPP)<sup id="cite_ref-IMF_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">HDI</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>0.699 (<i><span style="color:orange">medium</span></i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baloch_people" title="Baloch people">Baloch</a>, etc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druzism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, etc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">West Asian<br />Western Asian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">20 recognized</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (except for a small portion of territory north of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus" title="Greater Caucasus">Greater Caucasus</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (only <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> (except for a small portion of territory north of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus" title="Greater Caucasus">Greater Caucasus</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (except <a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">Turkish Thrace</a>) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> (except <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a>) </li></ul> </div><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><b>3 unrecognized</b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></i> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <i><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></i> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dependencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Official languages</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Arabic</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language">Abkhaz</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Hebrew</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish languages">Kurdish</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><b>Other languages</b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afroasiatic</a></b>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Aramaic_languages" title="Neo-Aramaic languages">Neo-Aramaic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amharic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Amharic language">Amharic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_South_Arabian_languages" title="Modern South Arabian languages">South Arabian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_language" title="Balochi language">Balochi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gilaki_language" title="Gilaki language">Gilaki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luri_language" title="Luri language">Luri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mazanderani_language" title="Mazanderani language">Mazanderani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_language" title="Rohingya language">Rohingya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shabaki_language" title="Shabaki language">Shabaki language</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_language" title="Talysh language">Talysh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zaza_language" title="Zaza language">Zaza</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Caucasian_languages" title="Northeast Caucasian languages">NE Caucasian</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avar_language" title="Avar language">Avar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_language" title="Chechen language">Chechen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lezgian_language" title="Lezgian language">Lezgian</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Caucasian_languages" title="Northwest Caucasian languages">NW Caucasian</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_languages" title="Circassian languages">Circassian</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_language" title="Qashqai language">Qashqai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_language" title="Turkmen language">Turkmen</a></li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zones</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>5 time zones</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Standard: <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Cyprus" title="Time in Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Standard_Time" title="Israel Standard Time">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Jordan" title="Time in Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Lebanon" title="Time in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Time in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt_Standard_Time" title="Egypt Standard Time">Sinai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Syria" title="Time in Syria">Syria</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:00" title="UTC+03:00">UTC+03:00</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daylight_Saving_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Daylight Saving Time">Daylight</a>: Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria</li><li>Standard: <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Bahrain" title="Time in Bahrain">Bahrain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Iraq" title="Time in Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Kuwait" title="Time in Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Qatar" title="Time in Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia_Standard_Time" title="Saudi Arabia Standard Time">Saudi Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Turkey" title="Time in Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Yemen" title="Time in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:30" title="UTC+03:30">UTC+03:30</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Standard: <a href="/wiki/Iran_Standard_Time" title="Iran Standard Time">Iran</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:00" title="UTC+04:00">UTC+04:00</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Standard: <a href="/wiki/Armenia_Time" title="Armenia Time">Armenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Time" title="Azerbaijan Time">Azerbaijan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Time" title="Georgia Time">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_Oman" title="Time in Oman">Oman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Time in the United Arab Emirates">UAE</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <b><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B04:30" title="UTC+04:30">UTC+04:30</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Daylight: Iran</li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Internet <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.ae" title=".ae">.ae</a>, <a href="/wiki/.am" title=".am">.am</a>, <a href="/wiki/.az" title=".az">.az</a>, <a href="/wiki/.bh" title=".bh">.bh</a>, <a href="/wiki/.cy" title=".cy">.cy</a>, <a href="/wiki/.eg" title=".eg">.eg</a>, <a href="/wiki/.ge" title=".ge">.ge</a>, <a href="/wiki/.il" title=".il">.il</a>, <a href="/wiki/.iq" title=".iq">.iq</a>, <a href="/wiki/.ir" title=".ir">.ir</a>, <a href="/wiki/.jo" title=".jo">.jo</a>, <a href="/wiki/.kw" title=".kw">.kw</a>, <a href="/wiki/.lb" title=".lb">.lb</a>, <a href="/wiki/.om" title=".om">.om</a>, <a href="/wiki/.ps" title=".ps">.ps</a>, <a href="/wiki/.qa" title=".qa">.qa</a>, <a href="/wiki/.sa" title=".sa">.sa</a>, <a href="/wiki/.sy" title=".sy">.sy</a>, <a href="/wiki/.tr" title=".tr">.tr</a>, <a href="/wiki/.ye" title=".ye">.ye</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes" title="List of country calling codes">Zone 9 except Armenia, Cyprus (Zone 3) & Sinai (Zone 2)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List<sup>b</sup></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><img alt="Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><img alt="Kuwait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><img alt="Saudi Arabia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UN_M49" title="UN M49">UN M49</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>145</code> – West Asia<br /><code>142</code> – <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a><br /><code>001</code> – World</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align:left; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><sup>a</sup> Area and population figures include the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a></div><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><sup>b</sup> Among the top 100 <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urban areas by population">urban areas of the world by population</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>West Asia</b>, also called <b>Western Asia</b> or <b>Southwest Asia</b>, is the westernmost region of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. As defined by most academics, <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> bodies and other institutions, the subregion consists of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_highlands" title="Armenian highlands">Armenian highlands</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Island of Cyprus">island of Cyprus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> and the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region is separated from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Suez" title="Isthmus of Suez">Isthmus of Suez</a> in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, and separated from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> by the waterways of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">Turkish Straits</a> and the watershed of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus" title="Greater Caucasus">Greater Caucasus</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> lies to its northeast, while <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> lies to its east. Twelve seas surround the region (clockwise): the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Suez" title="Gulf of Suez">Gulf of Suez</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. West Asia contains the majority of the similarly defined <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>. The Middle East is a political term that has changed many times depending on political and historical context while West Asia is a geographical term with more consistency. It excludes most of Egypt and the northwestern part of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and includes the <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">southern part of the Caucasus</a>. </p><p>West Asia covers an area of 5,994,935 km<sup>2</sup> (2,314,657 sq mi), with a population of about 313 million.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2019_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2019_2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2019_2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the 20 UN member countries fully or partly within the region, 13 are part of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a>. The most populous countries in West Asia are <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/World_Geographical_Scheme_for_Recording_Plant_Distributions" title="World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions">World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions</a> (WGSRPD), West Asia excludes the Arabian Peninsula and includes <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WGSRPD_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WGSRPD-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO) excludes Egypt and includes Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">United Nations Environment Programme</a> excludes <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> from West Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div> <p>The term <i>West Asia</i> is used pragmatically and has no "correct" or generally accepted definition. Its typical definitions overlap substantially, but not entirely, with definitions of the terms <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a> (which is historically familiar but widely deprecated today).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic</a> Style Manual</i> as well as <a href="/wiki/Angus_Maddison" title="Angus Maddison">Maddison</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Economy:_Historical_Statistics" title="The World Economy: Historical Statistics">The World Economy: Historical Statistics</a></i> (2003) by the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> (OECD) include only Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Palestine (called West Bank and Gaza in the latter), Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE, and Yemen as West Asian countries.<sup id="cite_ref-ngs_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngs-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By contrast, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization</a> (UNIDO) in its 2015 yearbook includes Armenia and Azerbaijan, and excludes Israel (as Other) and Turkey (as Europe).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the UNIDO, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Statistics_Division" title="United Nations Statistics Division">United Nations Statistics Division</a> (UNSD) excludes Iran from West Asia and includes Turkey, Georgia, and Cyprus in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Nations geopolitical <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Regional_Groups" title="United Nations Regional Groups">Eastern European Group</a>, Armenia and Georgia are included in Eastern Europe, whereas Cyprus and East Thracian Turkey are in Southern Europe. These three nations are listed in the European category of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific,_and_Cultural_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation">United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation</a> (UNESCO). </p><p>National members of West Asian sports governing bodies are limited to Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Syria, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Council_of_Asia" title="Olympic Council of Asia">Olympic Council of Asia</a>'s multi-sport event <a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Games" title="West Asian Games">West Asian Games</a> are contested by athletes representing these 13 countries. Among the region's sports organisations are the <a href="/wiki/West_Asia_Basketball_Association" title="West Asia Basketball Association">West Asia Basketball Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Billiards_%26_Snooker_Federation" title="West Asian Billiards & Snooker Federation">West Asian Billiards and Snooker Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Football_Federation" title="West Asian Football Federation">West Asian Football Federation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Tennis_Federation" title="West Asian Tennis Federation">West Asian Tennis Federation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_East" title="History of the Middle East">History of the Middle East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="History of the Ottoman Empire">History of the Ottoman Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Gulistan" title="Treaty of Gulistan">Treaty of Gulistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Turkmenchay" title="Treaty of Turkmenchay">Treaty of Turkmenchay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Partitioning_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire">Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire</a></div> <p>"Western Asia" was in use as a geographical term in the early 19th century, before "<a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a>" became current as a geopolitical concept.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the context of the history of <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>, "Western Asia" could mean the part of Asia known in classical antiquity, as opposed to the reaches of "interior Asia", i.e. <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a>, and "Eastern Asia" the easternmost reaches of geographical knowledge in classical authors, i.e. <a href="/wiki/Transoxania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transoxania">Transoxania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indus_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus valley">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 20th century, "Western Asia" was used to denote a rough geographical era in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">ancient history</a>, especially as a shorthand for "the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a> excluding <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>" for the purposes of comparing the early civilizations of Egypt and the former.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Use of the term in the context of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitics</a> or <a href="/wiki/World_economy" title="World economy">world economy</a> appears to date from at least the mid-1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Asia" title="Geography of Asia">Geography of Asia</a></div> <p>The region is surrounded by eight major seas; the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. </p><p>To the northwest and north, the region is delimited from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Straits" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Straits">Turkish Straits</a> and drainage divide of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus" title="Greater Caucasus">Greater Caucasus</a>, to the southwest, it is delimited from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Suez" title="Isthmus of Suez">Isthmus of Suez</a>, while to the northeast and east, the region adjoins <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. The region is located east of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a> and south of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Kavir" title="Dasht-e Kavir">Dasht-e Kavir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Lut" title="Dasht-e Lut">Dasht-e Lut</a> deserts in eastern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> naturally delimit the region from <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a> and South Asia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plate_tectonics">Plate tectonics</h4></div> <p>Three major <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonic plates</a> converge on West Asia, including the <a href="/wiki/African_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="African Plate">African</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian Plate">Eurasian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian Plate">Arabian</a> plates. The boundaries between the tectonic plates make up the <a href="/wiki/Azores%E2%80%93Gibraltar_Transform_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault">Azores-Gibraltar Ridge</a>, extending across <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, and into Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-beaumont-pg22_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beaumont-pg22-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The Arabian Plate is moving northward into the <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolian Plate">Anatolian plate</a> (Turkey) at the <a href="/wiki/East_Anatolian_Fault" title="East Anatolian Fault">East Anatolian Fault</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the boundary between the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegean Sea Plate">Aegean</a> and Anatolian plate in eastern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> is also <a href="/wiki/Seismic" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismic">seismically</a> active.<sup id="cite_ref-beaumont-pg22_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beaumont-pg22-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water_resources">Water resources</h4></div> <p>Several major <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifers</a> provide <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> to large portions of West Asia. In Saudi Arabia, two large aquifers of <a href="/wiki/Palaeozoic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeozoic">Palaeozoic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> origins are located beneath the <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Tuwayq" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Tuwayq">Jabal Tuwayq</a> mountains and areas west to the Red Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-beaumont-86_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beaumont-86-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a>-origin aquifers are located beneath large portions of central and eastern Saudi Arabia, including Wasia and Biyadh which contain amounts of both <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saline_water" title="Saline water">saline water</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-beaumont-86_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beaumont-86-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flood or furrow irrigation, as well as sprinkler methods, are extensively used for <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a>, covering nearly 90,000 km<sup>2</sup> (35,000 sq mi) across West Asia for agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> rivers contribute very well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cedars_in_Lebanon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cedars_in_Lebanon.jpg/240px-Cedars_in_Lebanon.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cedars_in_Lebanon.jpg/360px-Cedars_in_Lebanon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Cedars_in_Lebanon.jpg/480px-Cedars_in_Lebanon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Forest" title="Cedar Forest">Cedar Forest</a> in winter</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/West_Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png/240px-West_Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/West_Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png/360px-West_Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/West_Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png/480px-West_Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="1182" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> map of West Asia</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Asia" title="Climate of Asia">Climate of Asia</a></div> <p>West Asia is primarily <a href="/wiki/Arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid climate">arid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-arid">semi-arid</a>, and can be subject to <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a>, but it also contains vast expanses of forest and fertile valleys. The region consists of <a href="/wiki/Grassland" title="Grassland">grasslands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangeland" title="Rangeland">rangelands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">deserts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountains">mountains</a>. <a href="/wiki/Water_shortage" class="mw-redirect" title="Water shortage">Water shortages</a> are a problem in many parts of West Asia, with rapidly growing <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">populations</a> increasing demands for water, while <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a> threaten water supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-ipcc-1997_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipcc-1997-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major rivers, including the <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euphrates_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates River">Euphrates</a>, provide sources for <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> water to support <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>. </p><p>There are two wind phenomena in West Asia: the <i>sharqi</i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Shamal_(wind)" title="Shamal (wind)">shamal</a></i>. The <i>sharqi</i> (or <i>sharki</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Wind" title="Wind">wind</a> that comes from the south and southeast. It is seasonal, lasting from April to early June, and comes again between late September and November. The winds are dry and dusty, with occasional gusts up to 80 kilometres per hour (50 miles per hour) and often kick up violent sand and dust storms that can carry sand a few thousand meters high, and can close down airports for short periods of time. These winds can last for a full day at the beginning and end of the season, and for several days during the middle of the season. The <i>shamal</i> is a summer northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states (including Saudi Arabia and Kuwait), often strong during the day, but decreasing at night. This weather effect occurs anywhere from once to several times a year.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3></div> <p>West Asia contains large areas of mountainous terrain. The <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatolian Plateau">Anatolian Plateau</a> is sandwiched between the <a href="/wiki/Pontus_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontus Mountains">Pontus Mountains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Ararat" title="Mount Ararat">Mount Ararat</a> in Turkey rises to 5,137 m (16,854 ft). The <a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a> are located in Iran, in areas along its border with Iraq. The Central Plateau of Iran is divided into two <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basins</a>. The northern basin is <a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Kavir" title="Dasht-e Kavir">Dasht-e Kavir</a> (Great Salt Desert), and <a href="/wiki/Dasht-e-Lut" class="mw-redirect" title="Dasht-e-Lut">Dasht-e-Lut</a> is the southern basin. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>, elevations exceed 3,700 m (12,100 ft) in many areas, and <a href="/wiki/Highland_(geography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Highland (geography)">highland</a> areas extend north along the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> coast and north into <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Geologic_fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologic fault">fault</a> zone also exists along the Red Sea, with continental <a href="/wiki/Rifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifting">rifting</a> creating <a href="/wiki/Trough_(geology)" title="Trough (geology)">trough</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> with areas located well below <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a>, located on the border between the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, is situated at 418 m (1,371 ft) below sea level, making it the <a href="/wiki/Extremes_on_Earth" title="Extremes on Earth">lowest point</a> on the surface of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rub%27_al_Khali" title="Rub' al Khali">Rub' al Khali</a>, one of the world's largest sand deserts, spans the southern third of the Arabian Peninsula in Saudi Arabia, parts of Oman, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> and Yemen. <a href="/wiki/Jebel_Akhdar_(Oman)" title="Jebel Akhdar (Oman)">Jebel al Akhdar</a> is a small range of mountains located in northeastern Oman, bordering the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Middle_East" title="Demographics of the Middle East">Demographics of the Middle East</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Middle_East" title="Ethnic groups in the Middle East">Ethnic groups in the Middle East</a></div> <p>The population of West Asia was estimated at 272 million as of 2008, projected to reach 370 million by 2030 by Maddison (2007; the estimate excludes the Caucasus and Cyprus). This corresponds to an annual growth rate of 1.4% (or a <a href="/wiki/Doubling_time" title="Doubling time">doubling time</a> of 50 years), well above the <a href="/wiki/World_population_estimates" class="mw-redirect" title="World population estimates">world average</a> of 0.9% (doubling time 75 years). The population of West Asia is estimated at 4% of <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world population</a>, up from about 39 million at the beginning of the 20th century, or about 2% of world population at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most populous countries in the region are <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, each with around 79 million people, followed by <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> with around 33 million people each, and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> with around 29 million people. </p><p>Numerically, West Asia is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a>, and the dominating languages are correspondingly <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, each with of the order of 70 million speakers, followed by smaller communities of <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Language">Kurdish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani Language">Azerbaijani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Language">Armenian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Aramaic">Neo-Aramaic</a>. The dominance of Arabic and Turkish is the result of the medieval <a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Arab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turkic_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkic expansion">Turkic</a> invasions beginning with the Islamic conquests of the 7th century AD, which displaced the formerly dominant <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">region of Syria</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> in Anatolia, although <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> became the dominant language in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> in the second half of the 20th century, and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Aramaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Aramaic">Neo-Aramaic</a> (spoken by modern <a href="/wiki/Modern_Arameans" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Arameans">Arameans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Assyrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Assyrians">Assyrians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Modern_Chaldeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Chaldeans">Chaldeans</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> both remain present in their respective territories as minority languages. </p><p>Significant native minorities include, in alphabetical order: <a href="/wiki/Modern_Arameans" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Arameans">Arameans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_Assyrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Assyrians">Assyrians</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaing-Marshall2005149–150_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaing-Marshall2005149–150-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Modern_Chaldeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Chaldeans">Chaldeans</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lurs" title="Lurs">Lurs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandeans">Mandeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shabaks" title="Shabaks">Shabaks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yezidis" class="mw-redirect" title="Yezidis">Yezidis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Red; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Gold; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Chartreuse; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 39788.651997137px; border-left-color:Darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Darkorange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 4420.2166334856px; border-left-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1043.8865759986px; border-left-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 442.15150700495px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 199.03552293361px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in West Asia (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (92.59%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (3.87%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkBlue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (2.02%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a> (1.16%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Darkorange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (0.32%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Chartreuse; color:black;"> </span> Other religions (0.25%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Gold; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.15%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religions</a> (0.06%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Four <a href="/wiki/Major_religious_groups" title="Major religious groups">major religious groups</a> (i.e. the two largest religions in the world: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Islam" title="Christianity and Islam">Christianity and Islam</a>, plus <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Druze_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Druze faith">Druze faith</a>) originated in West Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> is the largest religion in West Asia, but other faiths that originated there, such as <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are also well represented. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in Armenia">Armenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Christianity in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> respectively are the predominant religions,<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there are still different ancient communities of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Azerbaijan" title="Christianity in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are still large ancient communities of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christians</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_East" title="Christianity in the Middle East">Middle Eastern Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Lebanon" title="Christianity in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iraq" title="Christianity in Iraq">Iraq</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iran" title="Christianity in Iran">Iran</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Farsinet_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farsinet-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Jordan" title="Christianity in Jordan">Jordan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel" title="Christianity in Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestine</a> numbering more than 3 million in West Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Global_Christianity-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also large populations of expatriate workers which include sizeable Christian communities living in the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> numbering more than 3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_East" title="Christianity in the Middle East">Christian communities</a> have <a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">played a vital role</a> in West Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> is the predominant religion in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and there are small ancient Jewish communities in West Asia such as in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey" title="History of the Jews in Turkey">Turkey</a> (14,300),<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> (9,100),<sup id="cite_ref-mashke2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mashke2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_Jews#Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Jews">Iran</a> (8,756).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> Faith or Druzism originated in West Asia. It is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of figures like <a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn-%27Ali_ibn-Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamza ibn-'Ali ibn-Ahmad">Hamza ibn-'Ali ibn-Ahmad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a> and Greek <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>. The number of <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> people worldwide is around one million, with about 45% to 50% living in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, 35% to 40% living in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and less than 10% living in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>; recently there has been a growing Druze diaspora.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also important minority religions like the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Fuccaro_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuccaro-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shabak_people#Religious_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabak people">Shabakism</a>. </p> <div align="center"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Religions in West Asia</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pilgrims in the annual Hajj at the Kaaba in Mecca."><img alt="Pilgrims in the annual Hajj at the Kaaba in Mecca." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/150px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/225px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg/300px-Kaaba_mirror_edit_jj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pilgrims in the annual <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D4%B7%D5%BB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etchmiadzin Cathedral, first cathedral in the world, the mother church of all Armenians"><img alt="Etchmiadzin Cathedral, first cathedral in the world, the mother church of all Armenians" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%D4%B7%D5%BB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80.jpg/150px-%D4%B7%D5%BB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%D4%B7%D5%BB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80.jpg/225px-%D4%B7%D5%BB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/%D4%B7%D5%BB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80.jpg/300px-%D4%B7%D5%BB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2893" data-file-height="1961" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Etchmiadzin_Cathedral" title="Etchmiadzin Cathedral">Etchmiadzin Cathedral</a>, first cathedral in the world, the mother church of all <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qozhaya01072003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monastery of Saint Anthony of Qozhaya in Lebanon."><img alt="Monastery of Saint Anthony of Qozhaya in Lebanon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Qozhaya01072003.jpg/150px-Qozhaya01072003.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Qozhaya01072003.jpg/225px-Qozhaya01072003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Qozhaya01072003.jpg/300px-Qozhaya01072003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monastery of Saint Anthony of Qozhaya in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Elijah_Maronite_Cathedral,_Aleppo_(4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral of Saint Elijah, Aleppo."><img alt="Cathedral of Saint Elijah, Aleppo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Saint_Elijah_Maronite_Cathedral%2C_Aleppo_%284%29.jpg/150px-Saint_Elijah_Maronite_Cathedral%2C_Aleppo_%284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Saint_Elijah_Maronite_Cathedral%2C_Aleppo_%284%29.jpg/225px-Saint_Elijah_Maronite_Cathedral%2C_Aleppo_%284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Saint_Elijah_Maronite_Cathedral%2C_Aleppo_%284%29.jpg/300px-Saint_Elijah_Maronite_Cathedral%2C_Aleppo_%284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="1453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Saint_Elijah,_Aleppo" title="Cathedral of Saint Elijah, Aleppo">Cathedral of Saint Elijah, Aleppo</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Wall,_Jerusalem,_(16037897867).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jews praying at the Western Wall."><img alt="Jews praying at the Western Wall." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Western_Wall%2C_Jerusalem%2C_%2816037897867%29.jpg/150px-Western_Wall%2C_Jerusalem%2C_%2816037897867%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Western_Wall%2C_Jerusalem%2C_%2816037897867%29.jpg/225px-Western_Wall%2C_Jerusalem%2C_%2816037897867%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Western_Wall%2C_Jerusalem%2C_%2816037897867%29.jpg/300px-Western_Wall%2C_Jerusalem%2C_%2816037897867%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> praying at the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_Nebi_Shueib_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Druze dignitaries celebrating the Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb festival at the tomb of the prophet in Hittin"><img alt="Druze dignitaries celebrating the Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb festival at the tomb of the prophet in Hittin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Nebi_Shueib_Festival.jpg/150px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Nebi_Shueib_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Nebi_Shueib_Festival.jpg/225px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Nebi_Shueib_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Nebi_Shueib_Festival.jpg/300px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Nebi_Shueib_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2984" data-file-height="2104" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Druze" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Druze">Druze</a> dignitaries celebrating the <a href="/wiki/Ziyarat_al-Nabi_Shu%27ayb" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb">Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb</a> festival at the tomb of the prophet in <a href="/wiki/Hittin" title="Hittin">Hittin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yazidi pilgrims celebrating the Yazidi new year festival at the ancient holy temple of Lalish, Iraq"><img alt="Yazidi pilgrims celebrating the Yazidi new year festival at the ancient holy temple of Lalish, Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg/134px-Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg/201px-Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg/268px-Pilgrims_and_festival_at_Lalish_on_the_day_of_the_Yezidi_New_Year_in_2017_06_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3584" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yazidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazidi">Yazidi</a> pilgrims celebrating the Yazidi new year festival at the ancient holy temple of <a href="/wiki/Lalish" title="Lalish">Lalish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Middle_East" title="Economy of the Middle East">Economy of the Middle East</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economy</a> of West Asia is diverse and the region experiences high economic growth. Turkey has the largest economy in the region, followed by <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and Iran. <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a> is the major <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">industry</a> in the regional economy, as more than half of the world's <a href="/wiki/Oil_reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil reserves">oil reserves</a> and around 40 percent of the world's <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_proven_reserves" title="List of countries by natural gas proven reserves">reserves</a> are located in the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistical_data">Statistical data</h2></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ececec;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">Country</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">flag</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by area">Area</a><br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">Population</a><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(2021) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population density">Density</a><br />(per km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">Nominal GDP</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(2012) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">Per capita</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(2012) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currency</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official languages</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="background:#eee;"><b><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a></b>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">783,562 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">84,775,404 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">94.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> </td> <td>$788.042 billion </td> <td>$10,523 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">Presidential republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="background:#eee;"><b><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></b>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Bahrain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bahrain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">780 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,463,265 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,646.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a> </td> <td>$30.355 billion </td> <td>$26,368 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_dinar" title="Bahraini dinar">Bahraini dinar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Kuwait.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuwait.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,820 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,250,114 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">167.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_City" title="Kuwait City">Kuwait City</a> </td> <td>$184.540 billion </td> <td>$48,761 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_dinar" title="Kuwaiti dinar">Kuwaiti dinar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">212,460 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,520,471 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muscat,_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat, Oman">Muscat</a> </td> <td>$78.290 billion </td> <td>$25,356 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Omani_rial" title="Omani rial">Omani rial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute monarchy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/23px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/35px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg/46px-Flag_of_Qatar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="550" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,437 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,688,235 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">123.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a> </td> <td>$192.402 billion </td> <td>$104,756 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qatari_riyal" title="Qatari riyal">Qatari riyal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute monarchy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,149,690 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35,950,396 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a> </td> <td>$733.956 billion </td> <td>$25,139 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_riyal" title="Saudi riyal">Saudi riyal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute monarchy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82,880 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,365,145 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">97 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a> </td> <td>$383.799 billion </td> <td>$43,774 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UAE_dirham" class="mw-redirect" title="UAE dirham">UAE dirham</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">Federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">527,970 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">32,981,641 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44.7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sana%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Sana'a">Sana'a</a> (<a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthi</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2015%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)">government</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Temporary_capital" title="Temporary capital">Seat of government</a>) </td> <td>$35.05 billion </td> <td>$1,354 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_rial" title="Yemeni rial">Yemeni rial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Provisional_government" title="Provisional government">Provisional</a> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">presidential republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="background:#eee;"><b><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></b>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Abkhazia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> (unrecognized) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,660 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">242,862 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a> </td> <td>$500 million </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Georgian lari</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_language" title="Abkhaz language">Abkhaz</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29,800 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,790,974 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">108.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a> </td> <td>$9.950 billion </td> <td>$3,033 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_dram" title="Armenian dram">Armenian dram</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">86,600 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,312,992 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">105.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a> </td> <td>$68.700 billion </td> <td>$7,439 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_manat" title="Azerbaijani manat">Azerbaijani manat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">Presidential republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">69,700 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,757,980 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">68.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> </td> <td>$15.847 billion </td> <td>$3,523 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Georgian lari</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Ossetia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a> (unrecognized) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,900 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">53,532 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a> </td> <td>$500 million </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">Georgian lari</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Ossetian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="background:#eee;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a></b>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">438,317 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">43,533,592 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">73.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> </td> <td>$216.044 billion </td> <td>$6,410 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_dinar" title="Iraqi dinar">Iraqi dinar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">Parliamentary republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">20,770 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,900,059 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">365.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a><sup>1</sup> </td> <td>$353.65 billion </td> <td>$39,106 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">Israeli new shekel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">Parliamentary republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">92,300 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11,148,278 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">68.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> </td> <td>$30.98 billion </td> <td>$4,843 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_dinar" title="Jordanian dinar">Jordanian dinar</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,452 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,592,631 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">404 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> </td> <td>$42.519 billion </td> <td>$10,425 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_pound" title="Lebanese pound">Lebanese pound</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">Parliamentary republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Palestine"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,220 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,133,392 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">667 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a><sup>2</sup> </td> <td>$6.6 billion </td> <td>$1,600 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pound" title="Egyptian pound">Egyptian pound</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_dinar" title="Jordanian dinar">Jordanian dinar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">Israeli new shekel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">Semi-presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">185,180 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,324,367 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">118.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syrian_pound" title="Syrian pound">Syrian pound</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">Presidential republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="background:#eee;"><b><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Plateau">Iranian Plateau</a></b>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,648,195 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">87,923,432 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> </td> <td>$548.590 billion </td> <td>$7,207 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rial" title="Iranian rial">Iranian rial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_republic" title="Islamic republic">Islamic republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="background:#eee;"><b><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></b>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a><sup>3</sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">254 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,700 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi</a> </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>N/A </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stratocracy" title="Stratocracy">Stratocratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependency</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,250 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,244,188 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">117 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a> </td> <td>$22.995 billion </td> <td>$26,377 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">Presidential republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a> (unrecognized) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,355 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">313,626 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">93 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a> </td> <td>$4.032 billion </td> <td>$15,109 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Turkish lira</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_republic" title="Semi-presidential republic">Semi-presidential republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" style="background:#eee;"><b><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a></b>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">60,000 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">109,262,178 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> </td> <td>$262.26 billion </td> <td>$3,179 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pound" title="Egyptian pound">Egyptian pound</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">Presidential republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Notes:</b><small><br /><sup>1</sup> Ramallah is the actual location of the government, whereas the proclaimed capital of Palestine is <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, which is <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">disputed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jerusalem_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">proclaimed capital of Israel</a> and the actual location of the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Supreme Court">Israeli Supreme Court</a>, etc. Due to its <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">disputed</a> status, most embassies are in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jerusalem_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><sup>3</sup> <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Tennis_Federation" title="West Asian Tennis Federation">West Asian Tennis Federation</a> regulates the championships and leagues in the region.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Billiards_%26_Snooker_Federation" title="West Asian Billiards & Snooker Federation">West Asian Billiards & Snooker Federation</a> regulates the championships related to billiards and snooker, amongst which an annual tournament.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Games" title="West Asian Games">West Asian Games</a> have been held in 1997, 2002 and 2005.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Football_Federation" title="West Asian Football Federation">West Asian Football Federation</a> was founded in 2001 and is one of the regional federations of the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Football_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Football Federation">Asian Football Federation</a>. They organize the <a href="/wiki/WAFF_Championship" title="WAFF Championship">WAFF Championship</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/West_Asia_Basketball_Association" title="West Asia Basketball Association">West Asia Basketball Association</a> organizes the <a href="/wiki/WABA_Championship" title="WABA Championship">WABA Championship</a> since 1999.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Map">Map</h2></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 550px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Western_Asia_2.png/550px-Western_Asia_2.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="552" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Western_Asia_2.png 1.5x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:246px; top:124.3px"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><span style="color:black;">Arm.</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:268.4px; top:124.3px"><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan"><span style="color:black;">Azerbaijan</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:335.6px; top:317.5px"><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain"><span style="color:black;">Bah.</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:122.1px; top:195px"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><span style="color:black;">Cyprus</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:92px; top:307px"><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt"><span style="color:black;">Egypt</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:225px; top:102.6px"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><span style="color:black;">Georgia</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:365.7px; top:231.4px"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><span style="color:black;">Iran</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:243.2px; top:221.6px"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq"><span style="color:black;">Iraq</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:149.4px; top:234.9px"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><span style="color:black;">Isr.</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:168.3px; top:248.2px"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><span style="color:black;">Jordan</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:290.1px; top:272.7px"><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait"><span style="color:black;">Kuwait</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:155px; top:210.4px"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><span style="color:black;">Leb.</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:257.9px; top:138.3px"><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic"><span style="color:black;">(Az.)</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:409.1px; top:393.8px"><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman"><span style="color:black;">Oman</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:143.8px; top:244px"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><span style="color:black;">Pal.</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:162.7px; top:239.1px"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><span style="color:black;">Pal.</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:344px; top:327.3px"><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar"><span style="color:black;">Qatar</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:246px; top:342px"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia"><span style="color:black;">Saudi Arabia</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:186.5px; top:196.4px"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria"><span style="color:black;">Syria</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:141px; top:142.5px"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><span style="color:black;">Turkey</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:380.4px; top:352.5px"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><span style="color:black;">UAE</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:302px; top:458.9px"><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen"><span style="color:black;">Yemen</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:11.5px; top:160px"><i><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:452.5px; top:457.5px"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:385.3px; top:60.6px"><i><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:113px; top:86.5px"><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:297.8px; top:107.5px"><i><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:296.4px; top:502.3px"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:424.5px; top:340.6px"><i><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:43px; top:216px"><i><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:330.7px; top:307.7px"><i><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:186.5px; top:391px"><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:127px; top:48px"><i><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Azov" title="Sea of Azov">Sea of Azov</a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:483.3px; top:481.3px"><span style="color:black;"></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:71px; top:405px"><span style="color:white;">AFRICA</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:474.9px; top:148.8px"><span style="color:white;">ASIA</span></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:29.7px; top:36.8px"><span style="color:white;">EUROPE</span></div> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_West_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of West Asia">Cinema of West Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Western_Asia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Western Asia">List of World Heritage Sites in Western Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Games" title="West Asian Games">West Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WABA_Champions_Cup" title="WABA Champions Cup">West Asian Basketball League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asia_Basketball_Association" title="West Asia Basketball Association">West Asia Basketball Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Billiards_%26_Snooker_Federation" title="West Asian Billiards & Snooker Federation">West Asian Billiards & Snooker Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Tennis_Federation" title="West Asian Tennis Federation">West Asian Tennis Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asian_Football_Federation" title="West Asian Football Federation">West Asian Football Federation</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The figures for Turkey includes <a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a>, which is not a part of Anatolia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UN observer state.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The area and population figures for Egypt only include the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jerusalem-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jerusalem_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jerusalem_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerusalem is Israel's <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> capital under <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Israeli law</a>, as well as its <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> capital by the location of the presidential residence, government offices, supreme court and parliament (<a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a>). Jerusalem is the State of Palestine's <i>de jure</i> capital under its <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="BasicLawPal-T1A3" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestinianbasiclaw.org/basic-law/2003-amended-basic-law">"2003 Amended Basic Law"</a>. 17 February 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2003+Amended+Basic+Law&rft.date=2008-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestinianbasiclaw.org%2Fbasic-law%2F2003-amended-basic-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span>, but not its <i>de facto</i> capital as its government branches are based in <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>. The UN and most <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovereign states">sovereign states</a> do not recognize Jerusalem as either state's <i>de jure</i> capital under the position that Jerusalem's status is pending future negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. In practice, therefore, most maintain their embassies in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> and its suburbs, or else in suburbs such as <a href="/wiki/Mevaseret_Zion" title="Mevaseret Zion">Mevaseret Zion</a> outside Jerusalem proper. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/">CIA Factbook</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/israel.pdf">"Map of Israel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2FCartographic%2Fmap%2Fprofile%2Fisrael.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span> and <a href="/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem" title="Status of Jerusalem">Status of Jerusalem</a> for more information.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP_2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2019_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2019_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population prospects – Population division"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190205234912/https://population.un.org/wpp/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+prospects+%E2%80%93+Population+division&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP_2019_2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2019_2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2019_2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx">"Overall total population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(xlsx)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.+20540+USA&rft.atitle=Western+Asia.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F2021668676%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125135239/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tdwg/TDWG_geo2.pdf">"World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Paris, France: <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> (OECD) (published 2003). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-64-10412-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-64-10412-9"><bdi>978-92-64-10412-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2004371607">2004371607</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53465560">53465560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Economy%3A+Historical+Statistics&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.series=Development+Centre+Studies&rft.pub=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development+%28OECD%29&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53465560&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2004371607&rft.isbn=978-92-64-10412-9&rft.aulast=Maddison&rft.aufirst=Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization_Vienna_(UNIDO)2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">United Nations Industrial Development Organization Vienna (UNIDO)</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FAKMBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA14"><i>International Yearbook of Industrial Statistics 2015</i></a>. Cheltenham, UK: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Elgar_Publishing" title="Edward Elgar Publishing">Edward Elgar Publishing</a>. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781784715502" title="Special:BookSources/9781784715502"><bdi>9781784715502</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Yearbook+of+Industrial+Statistics+2015&rft.place=Cheltenham%2C+UK&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781784715502&rft.au=United+Nations+Industrial+Development+Organization+Vienna+%28UNIDO%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFAKMBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49.htm">"Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use"</a>. Millenniumindicators.un.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-25</span></span>. <q>The UNSD notes that the "assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is merely for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Country+or+Area+Codes+for+Statistical+Use&rft.pub=Millenniumindicators.un.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fmethods%2Fm49%2Fm49.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035427/http://www.wabsf.net/en/information.php">"WABSF Member Countries"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wabsf.net/en/information.php">the original</a> on 2017-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WABSF+Member+Countries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wabsf.net%2Fen%2Finformation.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.topendsports.com/events/games/asian-games/west-asian/index.htm">"The West Asian Games"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The-Waff.com&rft.atitle=WAFF+Member+Associations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-waff.com%2Fen%2Fchampionships%2F29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. James Rennell, <i>A treatise on the comparative geography of western Asia</i>, 1831.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Rennell, <i>The Geographical System of Herodotus Examined and Explained</i>, 1800, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geographicalsys00renn/page/210">p. 210</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugh Murray, <i>Historical Account of Discoveries and Travels in Asia</i> (1820).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel Whelpley, <i>A compend of history, from the earliest times</i>, 1808, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6jkNAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA9">p. 9</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221120055307/https://books.google.ch/books?id=6jkNAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA9">Archived</a> 2022-11-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. Petrus Van Der Meer, <i>The Chronology of Ancient Western Asia and Egypt</i>, 1955. Karl W. Butzer, <i>Physical Conditions in Eastern Europe, Western Asia and Egypt Before the Period of Agricultural and Urban Settlement</i>, 1965.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Tobacco Industry of Western Asia</i>, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, 1964.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beaumont-pg22-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beaumont-pg22_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beaumont-pg22_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beaumont (1988), p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuehlberger,_Bill" class="citation web cs1">Muehlberger, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070706103125/http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/handbooks/arabianpages/mainframe.htm">"The Arabian Plate"</a>. NASA, Johnson Space Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/handbooks/arabianpages/mainframe.htm">the original</a> on 2007-07-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Arabian+Plate&rft.pub=NASA%2C+Johnson+Space+Center&rft.au=Muehlberger%2C+Bill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feol.jsc.nasa.gov%2Fhandbooks%2Farabianpages%2Fmainframe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beaumont-86-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beaumont-86_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beaumont-86_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beaumont (1988), p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/land-water/en/">"Land & Water"</a>. <i>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.atitle=Land+%26+Water&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fland-water%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ipcc-1997-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ipcc-1997_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201222/http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_sr/?src=%2Fclimate%2Fipcc%2Fregional%2Findex.htm">"Chapter 7: Middle East and Arid Asia"</a>. <i>IPCC Special Report on The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability</i>. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grida.no/publications/other/ipcc_sr/?src=/climate/ipcc/regional/index.htm">the original</a> on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IPCC+Special+Report+on+The+Regional+Impacts+of+Climate+Change%3A+An+Assessment+of+Vulnerability&rft.atitle=Chapter+7%3A+Middle+East+and+Arid+Asia&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grida.no%2Fpublications%2Fother%2Fipcc_sr%2F%3Fsrc%3D%2Fclimate%2Fipcc%2Fregional%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahlM_H_Syed2003" class="citation book cs1">Bahl, Taru; M H Syed, eds. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2x4jq4bXrq0C&q=%22Sharqi%22+wind&pg=PA20"><i>Encyclopaedia of the Muslim World</i></a>. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-261-1419-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-261-1419-1"><bdi>978-81-261-1419-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+Muslim+World&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Anmol+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-261-1419-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2x4jq4bXrq0C%26q%3D%2522Sharqi%2522%2Bwind%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSweeney,_Jerry_J.Walter1998" class="citation web cs1">Sweeney, Jerry J.; Walter, William R. (December 1, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071127184404/http://www.llnl.gov/tid/lof/documents/pdf/235042.pdf">"Region #4 — Red Sea Continental Rift Zone"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Preliminary Definition of Geophysical Regions for the Middle East and North Africa</i>. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. p. 8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llnl.gov/tid/lof/documents/pdf/235042.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on November 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Preliminary+Definition+of+Geophysical+Regions+for+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa&rft.atitle=Region+%234+%E2%80%94+Red+Sea+Continental+Rift+Zone&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1998-12-01&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+Jerry+J.&rft.au=Walter%2C+William+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.llnl.gov%2Ftid%2Flof%2Fdocuments%2Fpdf%2F235042.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060830064747/http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery-detail.asp?name=deadsea">"ASTER Image Gallery: The Dead Sea"</a>. NASA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery-detail.asp?name=deadsea">the original</a> on 2006-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASTER+Image+Gallery%3A+The+Dead+Sea&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasterweb.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fgallery-detail.asp%3Fname%3Ddeadsea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data for "15 West Asian countries", from Maddison (2003, 2007).Angus Maddison, 2003, <i><a href="//archive.org/details/worldeconomyhist0000madd" class="extiw" title="iarchive:worldeconomyhist0000madd">The World Economy: Historical Statistics</a></i>, Vol. 2, OECD, Paris, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/92-64-10412-7" title="Special:BookSources/92-64-10412-7">92-64-10412-7</a>. <i>Statistical Appendix</i> (2007, ggdc.net) "The historical data were originally developed in three books: Monitoring the World Economy 1820–1992, OECD, Paris 1995; The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2001; The World Economy: Historical Statistics, OECD Development Centre, Paris 2003. All these contain detailed source notes." Estimates for 2008 by country (in millions): Turkey (71.9), Iran (70.2), Iraq (28.2), Saudi Arabia (28.1), Yemen (23.0), Syria (19.7), Israel (6.5), Jordan (6.2), Palestine (4.1), Lebanon (4.0), Oman (3.3), United Arab Emirates (2.7), Kuwait (2.6), Qatar (0.9), Bahrain (0.7).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaing-Marshall2005149–150-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaing-Marshall2005149–150_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaing-Marshall2005">Laing-Marshall 2005</a>, p. 149–150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7271828.stm">"Who are the Chaldean Christians?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. March 13, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Chaldean+Christians%3F&rft.date=2008-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F7271828.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._Held2008" class="citation book cs1">C. Held, Colbert (2008). <i>Middle East Patterns: Places, People, and Politics</i>. Routledge. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429962004" title="Special:BookSources/9780429962004"><bdi>9780429962004</bdi></a>. <q>Worldwide, they number 1 million or so, with about 45 to 50 percent in Syria, 35 to 40 percent in Lebanon, and less than 10 percent in Israel. Recently there has been a growing Druze diaspora.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East+Patterns%3A+Places%2C+People%2C+and+Politics&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780429962004&rft.aulast=C.+Held&rft.aufirst=Colbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191221014350/https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/">"Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050"</a>. <i>www.pewforum.org</i>. 2 April 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/">the original</a> on 2019-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pewforum.org&rft.atitle=Religious+Composition+by+Country%2C+2010%E2%80%932050&rft.date=2015-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2015%2F04%2F02%2Freligious-projection-table%2F2020%2Fpercent%2Fall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/381192/Middle-East">"Middle East (region, Asia)"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Middle+East+%28region%2C+Asia%29&rft.btitle=Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F381192%2FMiddle-East&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacQueen2013" class="citation book cs1">MacQueen, Benjamin (2013). <i>An Introduction to Middle East Politics: Continuity, Change, Conflict and Co-operation</i>. SAGE. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781446289761" title="Special:BookSources/9781446289761"><bdi>9781446289761</bdi></a>. <q>The Middle East is the cradle of the three monotheistic faiths of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Middle+East+Politics%3A+Continuity%2C+Change%2C+Conflict+and+Co-operation&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781446289761&rft.aulast=MacQueen&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakacs2015" class="citation book cs1">Takacs, Sarolta (2015). <i>The Modern World: Civilizations of Africa, Civilizations of Europe, Civilizations of the Americas, Civilizations of the Middle East and Southwest Asia, Civilizations of Asia and the Pacific</i>. Routledge. p. 552. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317455721" title="Special:BookSources/9781317455721"><bdi>9781317455721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+World%3A+Civilizations+of+Africa%2C+Civilizations+of+Europe%2C+Civilizations+of+the+Americas%2C+Civilizations+of+the+Middle+East+and+Southwest+Asia%2C+Civilizations+of+Asia+and+the+Pacific&rft.pages=552&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781317455721&rft.aulast=Takacs&rft.aufirst=Sarolta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2020" class="citation book cs1">Jenkins, Philip (2020). <i>The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Christianity in the Middle East</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. XLVIII. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538124185" title="Special:BookSources/9781538124185"><bdi>9781538124185</bdi></a>. <q>The Middle East still stands at the heart of the Christian world. After all, it is the birthplace, and the death place, of Christ, and the cradle of the Christian tradition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Handbook+of+Christianity+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=XLVIII&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781538124185&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Global_Christianity-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Global_Christianity_41-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf">"Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pew Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Global+Christianity+%E2%80%93+A+Report+on+the+Size+and+Distribution+of+the+World%27s+Christian+Population&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.pewresearch.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F11%2F2011%2F12%2FChristianity-fullreport-web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Farsinet-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Farsinet_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2002" class="citation web cs1">Price, Massoume (December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farsinet.com/iranbibl/christians_in_iran_history.html">"History of Christians and Christianity in Iran"</a>. <i>Christianity in Iran</i>. FarsiNet Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christianity+in+Iran&rft.atitle=History+of+Christians+and+Christianity+in+Iran&rft.date=2002-12&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Massoume&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farsinet.com%2Firanbibl%2Fchristians_in_iran_history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allaboutturkey.com/hristiyan.htm">"Christianity in Turkey"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christianity+in+Turkey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allaboutturkey.com%2Fhristiyan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-15239529">"BBC News – Guide: Christians in the Middle East"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 11 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+News+%E2%80%93+Guide%3A+Christians+in+the+Middle+East&rft.date=2011-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-15239529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2017" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Michael (2017). <i>Jews, Antisemitism, and the Middle East</i>. Routledge. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351510721" title="Special:BookSources/9781351510721"><bdi>9781351510721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jews%2C+Antisemitism%2C+and+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781351510721&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpr.org.uk/countries/how-many-jews-in-turkey">"How many Jews live in Turkey?"</a>. Institute for Jewish Policy Research. 10 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+many+Jews+live+in+Turkey%3F&rft.pub=Institute+for+Jewish+Policy+Research&rft.date=2022-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpr.org.uk%2Fcountries%2Fhow-many-jews-in-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mashke2-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mashke2_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pop-stat.mashke.org/azerbaijan-ethnic2009.htm">"Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan 2009"</a>. Pop-stat.mashke.org. 7 April 1971. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207161726/http://pop-stat.mashke.org/azerbaijan-ethnic2009.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnic+composition+of+Azerbaijan+2009&rft.pub=Pop-stat.mashke.org&rft.date=1971-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpop-stat.mashke.org%2Fazerbaijan-ethnic2009.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw">"Jewish woman brutally murdered in Iran over property dispute"</a>. <i>The Times of Israel</i>. 28 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102713/http://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2014</span>. <q>A government census published earlier this year indicated there were a mere 8,756 Jews left in Iran</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Jewish+woman+brutally+murdered+in+Iran+over+property+dispute&rft.date=2012-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fjewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute%2F%23ixzz3Ac6duaqw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span> See</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._Held2008" class="citation book cs1">C. Held, Colbert (2008). <i>Middle East Patterns: Places, People, and Politics</i>. Routledge. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429962004" title="Special:BookSources/9780429962004"><bdi>9780429962004</bdi></a>. <q>Worldwide, they number 1 million or so, with about 45 to 50 percent in Syria, 35 to 40 percent in Lebanon, and less than 10 percent in Israel. Recently there has been a growing Druze diaspora.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East+Patterns%3A+Places%2C+People%2C+and+Politics&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780429962004&rft.aulast=C.+Held&rft.aufirst=Colbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fuccaro-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fuccaro_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuccaro1999" class="citation book cs1">Fuccaro, Nelida (1999). <i>The Other Kurds: Yazidis in Colonial Iraq</i>. London & New York: I. B. Tauris. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1860641709" title="Special:BookSources/1860641709"><bdi>1860641709</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Kurds%3A+Yazidis+in+Colonial+Iraq&rft.place=London+%26+New+York&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1860641709&rft.aulast=Fuccaro&rft.aufirst=Nelida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx">"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XSLX)</span> ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022%3A+Demographic+indicators+by+region%2C+subregion+and+country%2C+annually+for+1950-2100&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_General%2FWPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=93&pr.y=3&sy=2012&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=NGDP_R&grp=0&a=">"GDP"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP&rft.pub=IMF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2014%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D93%26pr.y%3D3%26sy%3D2012%26ey%3D2012%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D512%252C668%252C914%252C672%252C612%252C946%252C614%252C137%252C311%252C962%252C213%252C674%252C911%252C676%252C193%252C548%252C122%252C556%252C912%252C678%252C313%252C181%252C419%252C867%252C513%252C682%252C316%252C684%252C913%252C273%252C124%252C868%252C339%252C921%252C638%252C948%252C514%252C943%252C218%252C686%252C963%252C688%252C616%252C518%252C223%252C728%252C516%252C558%252C918%252C138%252C748%252C196%252C618%252C278%252C624%252C692%252C522%252C694%252C622%252C142%252C156%252C449%252C626%252C564%252C628%252C565%252C228%252C283%252C924%252C853%252C233%252C288%252C632%252C293%252C636%252C566%252C634%252C964%252C238%252C182%252C662%252C453%252C960%252C968%252C423%252C922%252C935%252C714%252C128%252C862%252C611%252C135%252C321%252C716%252C243%252C456%252C248%252C722%252C469%252C942%252C253%252C718%252C642%252C724%252C643%252C576%252C939%252C936%252C644%252C961%252C819%252C813%252C172%252C199%252C132%252C733%252C646%252C184%252C648%252C524%252C915%252C361%252C134%252C362%252C652%252C364%252C174%252C732%252C328%252C366%252C258%252C734%252C656%252C144%252C654%252C146%252C336%252C463%252C263%252C528%252C268%252C923%252C532%252C738%252C944%252C578%252C176%252C537%252C534%252C742%252C536%252C866%252C429%252C369%252C433%252C744%252C178%252C186%252C436%252C925%252C136%252C869%252C343%252C746%252C158%252C926%252C439%252C466%252C916%252C112%252C664%252C111%252C826%252C298%252C542%252C927%252C967%252C846%252C443%252C299%252C917%252C582%252C544%252C474%252C941%252C754%252C446%252C698%252C666%26s%3DNGDP_R%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=28&pr.y=10&sy=2012&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a=">"GDP per capita"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GDP+per+capita&rft.pub=IMF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2014%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D28%26pr.y%3D10%26sy%3D2012%26ey%3D2012%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D512%252C668%252C914%252C672%252C612%252C946%252C614%252C137%252C311%252C962%252C213%252C674%252C911%252C676%252C193%252C548%252C122%252C556%252C912%252C678%252C313%252C181%252C419%252C867%252C513%252C682%252C316%252C684%252C913%252C273%252C124%252C868%252C339%252C921%252C638%252C948%252C514%252C943%252C218%252C686%252C963%252C688%252C616%252C518%252C223%252C728%252C516%252C558%252C918%252C138%252C748%252C196%252C618%252C278%252C624%252C692%252C522%252C694%252C622%252C142%252C156%252C449%252C626%252C564%252C628%252C565%252C228%252C283%252C924%252C853%252C233%252C288%252C632%252C293%252C636%252C566%252C634%252C964%252C238%252C182%252C662%252C453%252C960%252C968%252C423%252C922%252C935%252C714%252C128%252C862%252C611%252C135%252C321%252C716%252C243%252C456%252C248%252C722%252C469%252C942%252C253%252C718%252C642%252C724%252C643%252C576%252C939%252C936%252C644%252C961%252C819%252C813%252C172%252C199%252C132%252C733%252C646%252C184%252C648%252C524%252C915%252C361%252C134%252C362%252C652%252C364%252C174%252C732%252C328%252C366%252C258%252C734%252C656%252C144%252C654%252C146%252C336%252C463%252C263%252C528%252C268%252C923%252C532%252C738%252C944%252C578%252C176%252C537%252C534%252C742%252C536%252C866%252C429%252C369%252C433%252C744%252C178%252C186%252C436%252C925%252C136%252C869%252C343%252C746%252C158%252C926%252C439%252C466%252C916%252C112%252C664%252C111%252C826%252C298%252C542%252C927%252C967%252C846%252C443%252C299%252C917%252C582%252C544%252C474%252C941%252C754%252C446%252C698%252C666%26s%3DNGDPDPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaing-Marshall2005" class="citation book cs1">Laing-Marshall, Andrea (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yXYKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA149">"Assyrians"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities</i>. Vol. 1. New York-London: Routledge. pp. 149–150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-19388-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-19388-1"><bdi>978-1-135-19388-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Assyrians&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+World%27s+Minorities&rft.place=New+York-London&rft.pages=149-150&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-135-19388-1&rft.aulast=Laing-Marshall&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyXYKAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWest+Asia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>West Asia</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/West_Asia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/West Asia">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/West_Asia" class="extiw" title="c:West Asia">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/West_Asia" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/West Asia">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/West_Asia" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/West Asia">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/West_Asia" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/West Asia">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/West_Asia" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/West Asia">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/West_Asia" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/West Asia">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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aria-labelledby="Asia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topics" title="Template:Asia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topics" title="Template talk:Asia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Asia-related_articles" title="Index of Asia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asia" title="History of Asia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Chronology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_trade" title="Indian Ocean trade">Indian Ocean trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia" title="Western imperialism in Asia">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonisation_of_Asia" title="Decolonisation of Asia">Decolonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War_in_Asia" title="Cold War in Asia">Cold War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Asia" title="List of conflicts in Asia">Military conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_by_date_of_formation#Asia" title="List of sovereign states by date of formation">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Asia" title="Geography of Asia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cities_in_Asia" title="Lists of cities in Asia">Cities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Asia" title="List of metropolitan areas in Asia">metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Asia" title="List of tallest buildings in Asia">tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_agglomerations_in_Asia" title="List of urban agglomerations in Asia">urban agglomerations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Countries and territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_population" title="List of Asian countries by population">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Asia" title="Extreme points of Asia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Asia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes#Asia" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#Asia" title="List of mountain ranges">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Asia" title="List of rivers of Asia">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">Geopolitical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries" title="List of transcontinental countries">Transcontinental regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East,_and_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe, the Middle East, and Africa">EMEA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean world">Mediterranean world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MENASA" class="mw-redirect" title="MENASA">MENASA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mediterranean" title="Indo-Mediterranean">Indo-Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean world">Indian Ocean world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Intracontinental regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia/Asia Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Indochina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_world" title="Malay world">Malay world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_heartland" title="Mongol heartland">Greater Mongolia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southeast" title="Global Southeast">Global Southeast</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>/<a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Levant" title="Southern Levant">Southern Levant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkestan" title="Turkestan">Turkestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkestan" title="Afghan Turkestan">Afghan Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Turkestan" title="Chinese Turkestan">Chinese Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Turkestan" title="Russian Turkestan">Russian Turkestan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Subregion#Asia" title="Subregion">Continental subregions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Asia" title="Soviet Central Asia">Soviet Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland Southeast Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">West Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_geography" title="Cultural geography">Cultural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Indosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">Sinosphere</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_(region)" title="Nanyang (region)">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_and_southern_China" title="Northern and southern China">Northern and southern China</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">Supercontinents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Afro-Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asia" title="Afro-Asia">Afro-Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Continent#Subcontinents" title="Continent">Subcontinents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">Plateaus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_plateau" title="Anatolian plateau">Anatolian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">Peninsulas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Indochinese Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korean Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">Archipelagos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Archipelago">Japanese Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Indonesian Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Islands" title="Sunda Islands">Sunda Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sunda_Islands" title="Greater Sunda Islands">Greater Sunda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">Philippine Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayan Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergui_Archipelago" title="Mergui Archipelago">Mergui Archipelago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeographic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Asia_(WGSRPD)" title="Eastern Asia (WGSRPD)">Eastern Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">Tropical Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Asia" title="Politics of Asia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_government_in_Asia" title="Category:Heads of government in Asia">Heads of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state_in_Asia" title="Category:Heads of state in Asia">Heads of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elections_in_Asia" title="Category:Elections in Asia">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Asia" title="Category:Political parties in Asia">political parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Asia" title="Democracy in Asia">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Asia" title="Human rights in Asia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_systems_in_Asia" title="Legal systems in Asia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_Asia" title="Category:Military in Asia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Intergovernmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Cooperation_Dialogue" title="Asia Cooperation Dialogue">Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation" title="Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation">Bay of Bengal Initiative (BIMSTEC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union" title="Eurasian Economic Union">Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization" title="Collective Security Treaty Organization">Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf">Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG / GCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekong%E2%80%93Ganga_Cooperation" title="Mekong–Ganga Cooperation">Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Asia" title="Economy of Asia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_average_wage" title="List of Asian countries by average wage">Countries by average wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_and_Pacific_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (PPP)">Countries by GDP (PPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_Asia_and_Oceania_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in Asia and Oceania by Human Development Index">Countries by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currencies_in_Asia" title="List of currencies in Asia">Currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Asia" title="Science and technology in Asia">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Asia" title="Renewable energy in Asia">renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_Asia" title="Category:Transport in Asia">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Asia">airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="High-speed rail in Asia">high-speed rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_East_Asian_and_Hong_Kong_property_markets" title="South East Asian and Hong Kong property markets">Property markets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Asia" title="Demographics of Asia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Asia" title="Education in Asia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Asia" title="Etiquette in Asia">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_Asia" title="Category:Health in Asia">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Asian countries by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Asia" title="Ethnic groups in Asia">ethnic groups</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Asia" title="Culture of Asia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_art" title="History of Asian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_cuisine" title="Asian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_literature" title="Asian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Asia" title="Music of Asia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Asia" title="Sports in Asia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Century" title="Asian Century">Asian Century</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Century" title="Chinese Century">Chinese Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Century" title="Indian Century">Indian Century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Century" title="Pacific Century">Pacific Century</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Asia" title="Outline of Asia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Asia-related_articles" title="Index of Asia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_present-day_countries_and_dependencies" title="Maps of present-day countries and dependencies">Maps</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_Asia" title="Template:Regions of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Regions of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Subregion#Asia" title="Subregion">Regions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Asia" title="Soviet Central Asia">The 'stans</a></b>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roof_of_the_World" title="Roof of the World">Roof of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Middle_East" title="Greater Middle East">Greater Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aralkum_Desert" title="Aralkum Desert">Aralkum Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartary" title="Tartary">Tartary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turan" title="Turan">Turan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Greater Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariana" title="Ariana">Ariana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachosia" title="Arachosia">Arachosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwarazm" title="Khwarazm">Khwarazm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan" title="Sistan">Sistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstania" title="Kazakhstania">Kazakhstania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Steppe" title="Kazakh Steppe">Kazakh Steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betpak-Dala" title="Betpak-Dala">Betpak-Dala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Steppe" title="Eurasian Steppe">Eurasian Steppe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Steppe" title="Kazakh Steppe">Kazakh Steppe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian%E2%80%93Manchurian_grassland" title="Mongolian–Manchurian grassland">Mongolian–Manchurian grassland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamir_Mountains" title="Pamir Mountains">Pamir Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badakhshan" title="Badakhshan">Badakhshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">Wakhan Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhjir_Pass" title="Wakhjir Pass">Wakhjir Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Imeon" title="Mount Imeon">Mount Imeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Regions" title="Western Regions">Western Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taklamakan_Desert" title="Taklamakan Desert">Taklamakan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Archipelago">Japanese Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Japan_Arc" title="Northeastern Japan Arc">Northeastern Japan Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Island_Arc" title="Sakhalin Island Arc">Sakhalin Island Arc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taklamakan_Desert" title="Taklamakan Desert">Taklamakan Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Khingan" title="Greater Khingan">Greater Khingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Mongolia" title="Outer Mongolia">Outer Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_China_Plain" title="Northeast China Plain">Northeast China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian%E2%80%93Manchurian_grassland" title="Mongolian–Manchurian grassland">Mongolian–Manchurian grassland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Mountains" title="Yan Mountains">Yan Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaodong_Peninsula" title="Liaodong Peninsula">Liaodong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-mountain_Asia" title="High-mountain Asia">High-mountain Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunlun_Mountains" title="Kunlun Mountains">Kunlun Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilian_Mountains" title="Qilian Mountains">Qilian Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengduan_Mountains" title="Hengduan Mountains">Hengduan Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarim_Basin" title="Tarim Basin">Tarim Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinling_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinling Mountains">Qinling Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Basin" title="Sichuan Basin">Sichuan Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Silk_Road" title="Northern Silk Road">Northern Silk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexi_Corridor" title="Hexi Corridor">Hexi Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunnan%E2%80%93Guizhou_Plateau" title="Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau">Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan" title="Lingnan">Lingnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangguang" title="Liangguang">Liangguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianghuai" title="Jianghuai">Jianghuai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanzhong" title="Guanzhong">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou,_Anhui" title="Huizhou, Anhui">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_(region)" title="Wu (region)">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_(region)" title="Jiaozhou (region)">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan" title="Zhongyuan">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Shaanxi" title="Southern Shaanxi">Shaannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Plateau" title="Ordos Plateau">Ordos Loop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loess_Plateau" title="Loess Plateau">Loess Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Shaanxi" title="Northern Shaanxi">Shaanbei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamgyong_Mountains" title="Hamgyong Mountains">Hamgyong Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Mountain_Range" title="Central Mountain Range">Central Mountain Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Alps" title="Japanese Alps">Japanese Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuka_Mountains" title="Suzuka Mountains">Suzuka Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou_Peninsula" title="Leizhou Peninsula">Leizhou Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze" title="Yangtze">Yangtze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta" title="Pearl River Delta">Pearl River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisey" title="Yenisey">Yenisey Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">Wakhan Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhjir_Pass" title="Wakhjir Pass">Wakhjir Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">Tropical Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Mountains" title="Ural Mountains">Ural Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhotsk%E2%80%93Manchurian_taiga" title="Okhotsk–Manchurian taiga">Okhotsk–Manchurian taiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beringia" title="Beringia">Beringia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Peninsula" title="Chukchi Peninsula">Chukchi Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Extreme North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartary" title="Tartary">Tartary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baikalia" title="Baikalia">Baikalia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Baikal" title="Lake Baikal">Lake Baikal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraba_steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Baraba steppe">Baraba steppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatanga_Gulf" title="Khatanga Gulf">Khatanga Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transbaikal" title="Transbaikal">Transbaikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Siberia" title="Western Siberia">West</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur" title="Amur">Amur Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisey_Gulf" title="Yenisey Gulf">Yenisey Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisey" title="Yenisey">Yenisey Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhote-Alin" title="Sikhote-Alin">Sikhote-Alin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolyma" title="Kolyma">Kolyma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bering_Strait" title="Bering Strait">Bering Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Manchuria" title="Outer Manchuria">Outer Manchuria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundaland" title="Sundaland">Sundaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland/Indochina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Triangle_temperate_forests" title="Northern Triangle temperate forests">Northern Triangle temperate forests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime</a>/<a href="/wiki/Malay_Archipelago" title="Malay Archipelago">Malay Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Islands" title="Sunda Islands">Sunda Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Sunda_Islands" title="Greater Sunda Islands">Greater Sunda Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Indonesia" title="List of islands of Indonesia">Indonesian Archipelago</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(archipelago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nusantara (archipelago)">Nusantara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wallacea" title="Wallacea">Wallacea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Philippines" title="List of islands of the Philippines">Philippine Archipelago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayas" title="Visayas">Visayas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyte_Gulf" title="Leyte Gulf">Leyte Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_(region)" title="Nanyang (region)">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpide_belt" title="Alpide belt">Alpide belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">Tropical Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian Subcontinent</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_South_Asia" title="Eastern South Asia">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_South_Asia" title="Northern South Asia">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_South_Asia" title="Northwestern South Asia">Northwestern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_South_Asia" title="Southern South Asia">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orient" title="Orient">Orient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kangchenjunga" title="Kangchenjunga">Kangchenjunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Devi" title="Nanda Devi">Nanda Devi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Kush" title="Hindu Kush">Hindu Kush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bactria" title="Bactria">Bactria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_region" title="Carnatic region">Carnatic region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilakam" title="Tamilakam">Tamilakam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ghats" title="Eastern Ghats">Eastern Ghats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Basin" title="Ganges Basin">Ganges Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganges_Delta" title="Ganges Delta">Ganges Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guzgan" title="Guzgan">Guzgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gedrosia" title="Gedrosia">Gedrosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makran" title="Makran">Makran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathwada" title="Marathwada">Marathwada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Panjal_Range" title="Pir Panjal Range">Pir Panjal Range</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Thar Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_River_Delta" title="Indus River Delta">Indus River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Desert" title="Indus Valley Desert">Indus Valley Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern Coastal Plains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western Coastal Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya_subtropical_forests" title="Meghalaya subtropical forests">Meghalaya subtropical forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Gangetic_Plains_moist_deciduous_forests" title="Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests">Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Himalayan_alpine_shrub_and_meadows" title="Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows">Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagar_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagar tract">Bagar tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Rann_of_Kutch" title="Great Rann of Kutch">Great Rann of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Rann_of_Kutch" title="Little Rann of Kutch">Little Rann of Kutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coromandel_Coast" title="Coromandel Coast">Coromandel Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_Divi_Point" title="False Divi Point">False Divi Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_Belt" title="Hindi Belt">Hindi Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigar_Valley" title="Shigar Valley">Shigar Valley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-mountain_Asia" title="High-mountain Asia">High-mountain Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram" title="Karakoram">Karakoram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saltoro_Mountains" title="Saltoro Mountains">Saltoro Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Khambhat" title="Gulf of Khambhat">Gulf of Khambhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Kutch" title="Gulf of Kutch">Gulf of Kutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halar" title="Halar">Halar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mannar" title="Gulf of Mannar">Gulf of Mannar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palk_Strait" title="Palk Strait">Palk Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">Wakhan Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhjir_Pass" title="Wakhjir Pass">Wakhjir Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laccadive_Islands" title="Laccadive Islands">Laccadive Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminidivi" title="Aminidivi">Aminidivi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paropamisadae" title="Paropamisadae">Paropamisadae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Nicobar Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpide_belt" title="Alpide belt">Alpide belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Asia" title="Tropical Asia">Tropical Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">West</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanish_Islands" title="Hanish Islands">Hanish Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate Coast">Pirate Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Hormuz" title="Strait of Hormuz">Strait of Hormuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs" title="Greater and Lesser Tunbs">Greater and Lesser Tunbs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faw_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Faw Peninsula">Al-Faw Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Oman" title="Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aqaba" title="Gulf of Aqaba">Gulf of Aqaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden" title="Gulf of Aden">Gulf of Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yamama" title="Al-Yamama">Al-Yamama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tihamah" title="Tihamah">Tihamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Arabia" title="Eastern Arabia">Eastern Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Arabia" title="South Arabia">South Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadhramaut" title="Hadhramaut">Hadhramaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula_coastal_fog_desert" title="Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert">Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharat" title="Al-Sharat">Al-Sharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigris%E2%80%93Euphrates_river_system" title="Tigris–Euphrates river system">Tigris–Euphrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Mesopotamia" title="Lower Mesopotamia">Lower Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawad" title="Sawad">Sawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains" title="Nineveh Plains">Nineveh Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkad_(city)" title="Akkad (city)">Akkad (region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhum" title="Suhum">Suhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber-Nari" title="Eber-Nari">Eber-Nari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria region</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transjordan_(region)" title="Transjordan (region)">Transjordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Rift_Valley" title="Jordan Rift Valley">Jordan Rift Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">Philistia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula_Valley" title="Hula Valley">Hula Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead" title="Gilead">Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabah" title="Arabah">Arabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_(region)" title="Aram (region)">Aram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aram-Naharaim" title="Aram-Naharaim">Aram-Naharaim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retjenu" title="Retjenu">Retjenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lebanon_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Lebanon Mountains">Anti-Lebanon Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekaa_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekaa valley">Bekaa valley</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Desert" title="Arabian Desert">Arabian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)" title="Azerbaijan (Iran)">Iranian Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauran" title="Hauran">Hauran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Kavir" title="Dasht-e Kavir">Dasht-e Kavir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Highlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian Highlands">Armenian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Mountains" title="Caucasus Mountains">Caucasus Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Caucasus" title="Greater Caucasus">Greater Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Caucasus" title="Lesser Caucasus">Lesser Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shirvan" title="Shirvan">Shirvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kur-Araz_Lowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Kur-Araz Lowland">Kur-Araz Lowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lankaran_Lowland" title="Lankaran Lowland">Lankaran Lowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">Alborz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absheron_Peninsula" title="Absheron Peninsula">Absheron Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartli" title="Kartli">Kartli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolis" title="Aeolis">Aeolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphlagonia" title="Paphlagonia">Paphlagonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phasiane_(historical_region)" title="Phasiane (historical region)">Phasiane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isauria" title="Isauria">Isauria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bithynia" title="Bithynia">Bithynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corduene" class="mw-redirect" title="Corduene">Corduene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldia" title="Chaldia">Chaldia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doric_Hexapolis" title="Doric Hexapolis">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaonia" title="Lycaonia">Lycaonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycia" title="Lycia">Lycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisidia" title="Pisidia">Pisidia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(region)" title="Pontus (region)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">Mysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arzawa" title="Arzawa">Arzawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speri_(region)" title="Speri (region)">Speri </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophene" title="Sophene">Sophene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biga_Peninsula" title="Biga Peninsula">Biga Peninsula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyana#Neo-Hittite_period" title="Tyana">Tuwana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpide_belt" title="Alpide belt">Alpide belt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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