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<span>Foreign minister (1990–1992)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_minister_(1990–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_presidential_term_(1992–1996)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_presidential_term_(1992–1996)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>First presidential term (1992–1996)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_presidential_term_(1992–1996)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_presidential_term_(1996–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_presidential_term_(1996–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Second presidential term (1996–2001)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_presidential_term_(1996–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_for_German_refugees_and_for_other_victims_of_ethnic_cleansing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_for_German_refugees_and_for_other_victims_of_ethnic_cleansing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Work for German refugees and for other victims of ethnic cleansing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_for_German_refugees_and_for_other_victims_of_ethnic_cleansing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="لينارت ميري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لينارت ميري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ленарт-Георг Меры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ленарт-Георг Меры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82-%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ленарт-Георг Мэры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ленарт-Георг Мэры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Ленарт Мери – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ленарт Мери" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%9C%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Λέναρτ Μέρι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λέναρτ Μέρι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="لنارت مری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لنارت مری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%8C%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC" title="렌나르트 메리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="렌나르트 메리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99" title="לנארט מרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לנארט מרי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ლენარტ მერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლენარტ მერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennarts_Meri" title="Lennarts Meri – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lennarts Meri" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart-Georg_Meri" title="Lennart-Georg Meri – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lennart-Georg Meri" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="लेनार्ट मेरी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लेनार्ट मेरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89" title="لينارت ميرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لينارت ميرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA" title="レナルト・メリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レナルト・メリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Мери, Леннарт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мери, Леннарт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Леннарт Мери – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Леннарт Мери" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Meri" title="Lennart Meri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lennart Meri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of Estonia from 1992 to 2001</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lennart+Meri%22">"Lennart Meri"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lennart+Meri%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lennart+Meri%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lennart+Meri%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lennart+Meri%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lennart+Meri%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Lennart Meri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lennart_Meri,_Raekoja_platsil_99_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lennart_Meri%2C_Raekoja_platsil_99_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lennart_Meri%2C_Raekoja_platsil_99_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lennart_Meri%2C_Raekoja_platsil_99_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lennart_Meri%2C_Raekoja_platsil_99_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Lennart_Meri%2C_Raekoja_platsil_99_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Lennart_Meri%2C_Raekoja_platsil_99_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="955" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Meri in 1999</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">President of Estonia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />6 October 1992 – 8 October 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mart_Laar" title="Mart Laar">Mart Laar</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Andres_Tarand" title="Andres Tarand">Andres Tarand</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tiit_V%C3%A4hi" title="Tiit Vähi">Tiit Vähi</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mart_Siimann" title="Mart Siimann">Mart Siimann</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mart_Laar" title="Mart Laar">Mart Laar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Konstantin Päts</a><br />(Last President before <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Baltic_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet occupation of Baltic states">Soviet occupation</a> in 1940)<br /><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Mark" title="Heinrich Mark">Heinrich Mark</a><br />(Last <a href="/wiki/Estonian_government-in-exile" title="Estonian government-in-exile">head of state in exile</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel" title="Arnold Rüütel">Arnold Rüütel</a><br />Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel" title="Arnold Rüütel">Arnold Rüütel</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Estonia)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />April 1990 – March 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Savisaar" title="Edgar Savisaar">Edgar Savisaar</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tiit_V%C3%A4hi" title="Tiit Vähi">Tiit Vähi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olev_Olesk" title="Olev Olesk">Olev Olesk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonian_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs in exile">in exile</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jaan_Manitski" title="Jaan Manitski">Jaan Manitski</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Lennart-Georg Meri</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-03-29</span>)</span>29 March 1929<br /><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, Estonia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 March 2006<span style="display:none">(2006-03-14)</span> (aged 76)<br /><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, Estonia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pro_Patria_National_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro Patria National Coalition">Pro Patria National Coalition</a> (1992–1995)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pro_Patria_Union" title="Pro Patria Union">Pro Patria Union</a> (1995–2001)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Regina Ojavere</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1953; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1982)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Helle_Meri" title="Helle Meri">Helle Pihlak</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1992)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Mart_Meri" title="Mart Meri">Mart Meri</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>writer</li><li>film director</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Lennart Georg Meri</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Estonian pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="et-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">[ˈlenːɑrtː<span class="wrap"> </span>keˈorːːk<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈmeri]</a></span>; 29 March 1929 – 14 March 2006) was an Estonian writer, film director, and statesman. He was the country's foreign minister from 1990 to 1992 and <a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">President of Estonia</a> from 1992 to 2001. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meri was born in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, a son of the Estonian diplomat and later <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a> translator <a href="/wiki/Georg_Meri" title="Georg Meri">Georg Meri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Swedes" title="Estonian Swedes">Estonian Swedish</a> mother Alice-Brigitta Engmann. With his family, Lennart left Estonia at an early age and studied abroad, in nine different schools and in four different languages. His warmest memories were from his school years in <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Janson_de_Sailly" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycée Janson de Sailly">Lycée Janson de Sailly</a> in Paris. In addition to his native <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>, Lennart Meri fluently spoke five other languages: Finnish, French, German, English, and Russian. </p><p>Lennart Meri and his family lived in Tallinn when Estonia was invaded and occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Stalinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalinist">Stalinist</a> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in June 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1941, the Meri family was <a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Estonia" title="Soviet deportations from Estonia">deported</a> to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> along with thousands of other Estonians, <a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a> sharing the same fate.<sup id="cite_ref-meridict_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meridict-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heads of the family were separated from their families and shut into concentration camps where only a few survived. At the age of twelve, Lennart Meri worked as a <a href="/wiki/Lumberjack" title="Lumberjack">lumberman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. He also worked as a potato peeler and a rafter to support his family. </p><p>Whilst in exile, Lennart Meri grew interested in the other <a href="/wiki/Finno-Ugric_languages" title="Finno-Ugric languages">Finno-Ugric languages</a> that he heard around him, the language family of which his native Estonian is also a part. His interest in the ethnic and cultural kinship amongst the scattered "Finno-Ugric family" became a lifelong theme within his work. </p><p>The Meri family survived and found their way back to Estonia where Lennart Meri graduated <i><a href="/wiki/Cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Cum laude">cum laude</a></i> from the Faculty of History and Languages of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tartu" title="University of Tartu">University of Tartu</a> in 1953. On 5 March 1953, the day of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Joseph_Stalin" title="Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin">death</a>, he proposed to his first wife Regina Meri, saying "Let us remember this happy day forever." The <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politics of the Soviet Union">politics of the Soviet Union</a> did not allow him to work as a historian, so Meri found work as a dramatist in the <a href="/wiki/Vanemuine" title="Vanemuine">Vanemuine</a>, the oldest theatre of Estonia, and later on as a producer of radio plays in the Estonian broadcasting industry. Several of his films were released and have since gained great critical acclaim. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writer_and_filmmaker">Writer and filmmaker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Writer and filmmaker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Enn_S%C3%A4de_ja_Lennart_Meri_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Enn_S%C3%A4de_ja_Lennart_Meri_2002.jpg/220px-Enn_S%C3%A4de_ja_Lennart_Meri_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Enn_S%C3%A4de_ja_Lennart_Meri_2002.jpg/330px-Enn_S%C3%A4de_ja_Lennart_Meri_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Enn_S%C3%A4de_ja_Lennart_Meri_2002.jpg/440px-Enn_S%C3%A4de_ja_Lennart_Meri_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Enn_S%C3%A4de" title="Enn Säde">Enn Säde</a> and Lennart Meri in 2002</figcaption></figure> <p>After a trip to the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a> Mountains in Central Asia and the old Islamic centres in the <a href="/wiki/Kara_Kum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara Kum">Kara Kum</a> Desert in 1958, Lennart Meri wrote his first book, which met with a warm reception from the public. Already as a student, Lennart Meri had been able to earn his living with his writing, after his father had been arrested by the Soviet authorities for the third time. With the help of his younger brother who had been forced to leave his studies and take a job as a taxi driver, he managed to support their mother and to complete his own studies. The film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winds_of_the_Milky_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="The Winds of the Milky Way">The Winds of the Milky Way</a></i> (Estonian: <i>Linnutee tuuled</i>), shot in co-operation with Finland and Hungary, was banned in the Soviet Union, but won a silver medal at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Festival" title="New York Film Festival">New York Film Festival</a>. In Finnish schools, his films and texts were used as study materials. In 1986, Lennart Meri was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki University">Helsinki University</a>. He became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Writers%27_Union" title="Estonian Writers' Union">Estonian Writers' Union</a> in 1963. In the 1970s, he was elected an Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Literary_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Literary Society">Finnish Literary Society</a>. </p><p><i>Tulemägede Maale</i>, created in 1964, which is translated as <i>To the Land of Fiery Mountains</i>, chronicled Meri's journey to the <a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Peninsula" title="Kamchatka Peninsula">Kamchatka Peninsula</a> in the 1960s. Other members of his expedition group included well known scientists <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Ling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Ling (page does not exist)">Harry Ling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaarel_Orviku" title="Kaarel Orviku">Kaarel Orviku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erast_Parmasto" title="Erast Parmasto">Erast Parmasto</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ants_Raik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ants Raik (page does not exist)">Ants Raik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anto_Raukas" title="Anto Raukas">Anto Raukas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Trass" title="Hans Trass">Hans Trass</a>, the artist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaljo_Polli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaljo Polli (page does not exist)">Kaljo Polli</a>, and filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Hans_Roosipuu" title="Hans Roosipuu">Hans Roosipuu</a>. "Traveling is the only passion that doesn't need to feel shy in front of intellect," wrote Meri. Urban people still have an inner urge to see the world, hunger for nature. Meri did not underestimate the drawbacks of mass tourism but concluded that "science will liberate us from the chains of big cities and lead us back to nature". </p><p>Meri's travel book of his journey to the northeast passage, <i>Virmaliste Väraval</i> (At the Gate of the Northern Lights) (1974), won him huge success in the Soviet Union. It was translated into Finnish in 1977 in the Soviet Writers series, which also introduced to Finnish readers works by the Estonian writers <a href="/wiki/Mats_Traat" title="Mats Traat">Mats Traat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lilli_Promet" title="Lilli Promet">Lilli Promet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clo_Tuulik" title="Ülo Tuulik">Ülo Tuulik</a>. In the book Meri combined the present with a perspective into history, and used material from such explorers as <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">Cook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Reinhold_Forster" title="Johann Reinhold Forster">Forster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Wrangel" title="Ferdinand von Wrangel">Wrangel</a>, Dahl, Sauer, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Middendorff" title="Alexander von Middendorff">Middendorff</a>, Cochran, and others. When he sees a mountain rising against the stormy sky of the Bering Strait, he realizes that <a href="/wiki/Vitus_Bering" title="Vitus Bering">Vitus Bering</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> had looked at the same mountain, but from the other side of the strait. </p><p>Meri's best known work is perhaps <i>Hõbevalge</i>, which translates into <i>Silver White</i> and was published in 1976. It reconstructs the history of Estonia (largely refuted by modern geneticists<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and the Baltic Sea region. As in his other works, Meri combines documentary sources and scientific research with his imagination. "If geography is prose, maps are iconography," Meri writes. <i>Hõbevalge</i> is based on a wide-ranging ancient seafaring sources, and carefully unveils the secret of the legendary <a href="/wiki/Thule" title="Thule">Ultima Thule</a>. The name was given in classical times to the most northerly land, reputedly six days' voyage from Britain. Several alternative places for its location have been suggested, among them the Shetland Islands, Iceland, and Norway. According to Meri, it is possible that Thule derives from the ancient Estonian folk poetry, which depicts the birth of the <a href="/wiki/Kaali_crater" title="Kaali crater">Kaali crater</a> lake in <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a>. In the essay <i>Tacituse tahtel</i> (2000), Meri examined ancient contacts between Estonia and the Roman empire and notes that furs, amber, and especially Livonian kiln-dried, disease-free grain may have been Estonia's biggest contribution to the common culture of Europe – in lean years, it provided seed grain for Europe. </p><p>Meri founded the non-governmental <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Institute" title="Estonian Institute">Estonian Institute</a> (<i>Eesti Instituut</i>) in 1988 to promote cultural contacts with the West and to send Estonian students to study abroad. He appeared in the documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Singing_Revolution" title="The Singing Revolution">The Singing Revolution</a></i> as an interviewee discussing the collapse of the Soviet regime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_activity">Political activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Political activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lennart_Meri_1929-2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lennart_Meri_1929-2006.jpg/220px-Lennart_Meri_1929-2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lennart_Meri_1929-2006.jpg/330px-Lennart_Meri_1929-2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lennart_Meri_1929-2006.jpg/440px-Lennart_Meri_1929-2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2194" /></a><figcaption>Meri in <a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a>, Germany, in 1998, 350 years after the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After more than twenty years of refusals, the Soviet administration finally gave permission for Lennart Meri to travel beyond the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a> in the late 1970s, and Meri persistently used the opportunities open to him in Finland to remind the Western world of the existence of Estonia. He established close relationships with politicians, journalists and Estonians who had fled from the occupation. He was the first Estonian to publicize abroad the protests against the Soviet plan of mining <a href="/wiki/Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">phosphorite</a> in Estonia (known as the <a href="/wiki/Phosphorite_War" title="Phosphorite War">Phosphorite War</a>), which would have rendered a portion of the country uninhabitable. </p><p>In Estonia, environmental protests soon grew into a general revolt against Soviet rule: the "<a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a>", which was led by Estonian intellectuals. Meri's speech <i>Do Estonians Have Hope</i> focused on the existential problems of the nation and had strong repercussions abroad. </p><p>In 1988, Meri became a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Rahvarinne" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahvarinne">Estonian Popular Front</a>, which cooperated with its counterparts in Latvia and Lithuania. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_minister_(1990–1992)"><span id="Foreign_minister_.281990.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Foreign minister (1990–1992)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Foreign minister (1990–1992)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the first non-communist-style <a href="/wiki/1990_Estonian_Supreme_Soviet_election" title="1990 Estonian Supreme Soviet election">multi-party election in 1990</a>, Meri was appointed to the post of Foreign Minister. As <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a>, Lennart Meri's first task was to create the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Estonia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>. He developed around him a group of well educated young people, many English speaking, to establish an open communication channel to the West, and at the same time to represent Estonia more widely on the international scene. He participated in the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" title="Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe">CSCE</a> Conferences in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, New York, Paris, Berlin and Moscow, and the foundation conference of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Council of the Baltic Sea Countries</a>. He also had several meetings with American and European Heads of State and Foreign Ministers, and was the first Eastern European guest to give a presentation at <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>. </p><p>In 1992, Lennart Meri, together with 9 Baltic Ministers of Foreign Affairs and an EU commissioner, founded the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Baltic_Sea_States" title="Council of the Baltic Sea States">Council of the Baltic Sea States</a> (CBSS) and the <a href="/wiki/EuroFaculty" title="EuroFaculty">EuroFaculty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_presidential_term_(1992–1996)"><span id="First_presidential_term_.281992.E2.80.931996.29"></span>First presidential term (1992–1996)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: First presidential term (1992–1996)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a brief period as Ambassador of Estonia to Finland, on 6 October 1992 he became the 2nd President of Estonia, and the first since the breakup of the Soviet Union. Meri was the candidate of the <a href="/wiki/Pro_Patria_Union" title="Pro Patria Union">Pro Patria Union</a>. For the only time since the restoration of independence, the <a href="/wiki/1992_Estonian_presidential_election" title="1992 Estonian presidential election">election</a> had a popular vote component. <a href="/wiki/Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel" title="Arnold Rüütel">Arnold Rüütel</a>, a former leading communist and chairman of the Supreme Council (as the Estonian Supreme Soviet had been renamed following independence), led the field with 42 per cent to Meri's 29 percent. With no candidate receiving a majority, the election was decided in the newly elected <a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu">Riigikogu</a>, which was dominated by the Pro Patria Alliance. During the campaign, some of his opponents tried to bring up questions about Meri's alleged former links with the <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a>. However, these allegations did not harm Meri's reputation and public image. Lennart Meri was sworn in as the President on 6 October 1992. </p><p>Meri made public remarks against the <a href="/wiki/Karaganov_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Karaganov Doctrine">Karaganov Doctrine</a> on 25 February 1994 in a festival speech to the good <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburgers</a>, who descended from the trade barons of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-meriaud_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meriaud-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-meridict_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meridict-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karaganov generated his doctrine in about 1992, and it states that Moscow should pose as the defender of human rights of ethnic Russians living in the 'near abroad' for the purpose of gaining political influence in these regions.<sup id="cite_ref-mm_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mm-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pugn14_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pugn14-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moore17_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moore17-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gg16_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gg16-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already in 1992 this idea was brought into <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> politics by <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mm_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mm-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-djs17_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-djs17-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1994, the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Newspaper_Association" title="Estonian Newspaper Association">Estonian Newspaper Association</a> declared Meri the Year's Press Friend. This was the first time this award was given; since that, it has been a yearly occurrence.<sup id="cite_ref-press-friend-1998_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-press-friend-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, Meri was given the complementary award and titled the Year's Press Friend.<sup id="cite_ref-press-friend-1998_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-press-friend-1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_presidential_term_(1996–2001)"><span id="Second_presidential_term_.281996.E2.80.932001.29"></span>Second presidential term (1996–2001)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second presidential term (1996–2001)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 20 September 1996, he was re-elected for a second and final term. </p><p>In 1999, Meri was once again given the Press Friend award.<sup id="cite_ref-friend-1999_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-friend-1999-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was a member of <a href="/wiki/Club_of_Madrid" title="Club of Madrid">Club of Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work_for_German_refugees_and_for_other_victims_of_ethnic_cleansing">Work for German refugees and for other victims of ethnic cleansing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Work for German refugees and for other victims of ethnic cleansing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lennart Meri was engaged in the work for the human rights of German refugees from Central and Eastern Europe and other victims of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> in Europe, and was a member of the jury of the <a href="/wiki/Franz_Werfel_Human_Rights_Award" title="Franz Werfel Human Rights Award">Franz Werfel Human Rights Award</a>, which was awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Against_Expulsions" title="Centre Against Expulsions">Centre Against Expulsions</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Zentrum gegen Vertreibungen</i></span>). In 1999 he received the highest distinction of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Expellees" title="Federation of Expellees">Federation of Expellees</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Bund der Vertriebenen</i></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meri was married twice. His second wife <a href="/wiki/Helle_Meri" title="Helle Meri">Helle Meri</a> (1949−2024) worked as an actress in the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Drama_Theatre" title="Estonian Drama Theatre">Estonian Drama Theatre</a> until 1992. Lennart Meri's first wife Regina Meri (1932−2020) emigrated to Canada in 1987. Lennart Meri was survived by three children: sons <a href="/wiki/Mart_Meri" title="Mart Meri">Mart Meri</a> (born in 1959) and Kristjan Meri (1966–2022) and daughter Tuule Meri (born in 1985), and five grandchildren. </p><p>His first cousin was the Estonian Soviet soldier <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Meri" title="Arnold Meri">Arnold Meri</a>, who spent the last 2 years of his life on trial under charges of <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocide</a> for his involvement in <a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Estonia" title="Soviet deportations from Estonia">deportations of Estonians</a>, but died in 2009 before a verdict was given.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meri was chosen the European of the Year in 1998 by French newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/La_Vie_(magazine)" title="La Vie (magazine)">La Vie</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lennart_Merin_muistopaikka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lennart_Merin_muistopaikka.jpg/220px-Lennart_Merin_muistopaikka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lennart_Merin_muistopaikka.jpg/330px-Lennart_Merin_muistopaikka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Lennart_Merin_muistopaikka.jpg/440px-Lennart_Merin_muistopaikka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Meri's grave at <a href="/wiki/Metsakalmistu" title="Metsakalmistu">Forest Cemetery</a> in Tallinn.</figcaption></figure> <p>Diagnosed with a brain tumor in mid-2005 after experiencing strong headaches, Meri underwent surgery in August. The tumor was found to be malignant and he died on the morning of 14 March 2006, fifteen days before his 77th birthday, after being hospitalized in Tallinn for months. In a televised national speech, his successor, President <a href="/wiki/Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel" title="Arnold Rüütel">Arnold Rüütel</a>, said, "In his nine years as head of state, Meri both restored the presidency and built up the Republic of Estonia in the widest sense." Finnish President <a href="/wiki/Tarja_Halonen" title="Tarja Halonen">Tarja Halonen</a> stated, "The Finnish nation lost in Lennart Meri a close and sincere friend and the world, a great statesman who was one of the leading architects of the post-Cold War world." Latvian President <a href="/wiki/Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga" title="Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga">Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga</a> said, "the world has lost a great Estonian, a great statesman and a true European."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meri's funeral was attended by former Swedish premier <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bildt" title="Carl Bildt">Carl Bildt</a>, among other figures. He was buried at <a href="/wiki/Metsakalmistu" title="Metsakalmistu">Forest Cemetery</a> in the Tallinn district of <a href="/wiki/Pirita" title="Pirita">Pirita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:15-08-14-Tallinn-RalfR-063.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/15-08-14-Tallinn-RalfR-063.jpg/150px-15-08-14-Tallinn-RalfR-063.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/15-08-14-Tallinn-RalfR-063.jpg/225px-15-08-14-Tallinn-RalfR-063.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/15-08-14-Tallinn-RalfR-063.jpg/300px-15-08-14-Tallinn-RalfR-063.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Meri at the <a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Airport" title="Tallinn Airport">Tallinn Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Lennart Meri was one of the most popularly respected presidents in Estonian history.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tallinn Airport was renamed in 2009 <a href="/wiki/Lennart_Meri_Tallinn_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Lennart Meri Tallinn Airport">Lennart Meri Tallinn International Airport</a> in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_decorations">Awards and decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Awards and decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Merited Writer of Estonian SSR (1979)</li> <li>Correspondent member of the European Academy of Science, Art and Literature (1989)</li> <li>Honorary Doctor of Helsinki University (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_International" title="Liberal International">Liberal International</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Coudenhove-Kalergi" title="Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi">Coudenhove-Kalergi</a> award</li> <li>Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> presented by Awards Council member and President of Latvia, <a href="/wiki/Vaira_V%C4%AB%C4%B7e-Freiberga" title="Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga">Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga</a> (2002)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Tallinn_Coat_of_Arms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of the Tallinn Coat of Arms (page does not exist)">Order of the Tallinn Coat of Arms</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinna_vapim%C3%A4rk" class="extiw" title="et:Tallinna vapimärk">et</a>]</span> (2006)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>: Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_National_Coat_of_Arms" title="Order of the National Coat of Arms">Order of the National Coat of Arms</a> (Posthumous 2008)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>: 1st Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_National_Coat_of_Arms" title="Order of the National Coat of Arms">Order of the National Coat of Arms</a> (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> : Collar of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Cross_of_Terra_Mariana" title="Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana">Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana</a> (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_Jordanian_Revival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of Jordanian Revival (page does not exist)">Order of Jordanian Revival</a> (1993)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>: Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Elephant" title="Order of the Elephant">Order of the Elephant</a> (1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Rose" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the White Rose">Order of the White Rose</a> with collar (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>: Knight of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Seraphim" title="Order of the Seraphim">Order of the Seraphim</a> (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Aztec_Eagle" title="Order of the Aztec Eagle">Order of the Aztec Eagle</a> (1995)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>: 1st Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Three_Stars" title="Order of the Three Stars">Order of the Three Stars</a> with collar (1996)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Republic_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary">Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary</a> (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>: Knight of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_of_the_Golden_Star_of_Liberty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order of the Golden Star of Liberty (page does not exist)">Order of the Golden Star of Liberty</a> (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a> (1997)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Vytautas_the_Great" title="Order of Vytautas the Great">Order of Vytautas the Great</a> (19 August 1997)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lennart_Meri_grafiti_Tartus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lennart_Meri_grafiti_Tartus.jpg/220px-Lennart_Meri_grafiti_Tartus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lennart_Meri_grafiti_Tartus.jpg/330px-Lennart_Meri_grafiti_Tartus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Lennart_Meri_grafiti_Tartus.jpg/440px-Lennart_Meri_grafiti_Tartus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Graffiti of Meri in <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>, 2015</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>: Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St._Olav" title="Order of St. Olav">Order of St. Olav</a> (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Falcon" title="Order of the Falcon">Order of the Falcon</a> (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Eagle_(Poland)" title="Order of the White Eagle (Poland)">Order of the White Eagle (Poland)</a> (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Saviour" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of the Saviour">Order of the Saviour</a> (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: Grand Cross Special Class of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany">Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany</a> (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Order_of_Merit_of_the_Republic_of_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Order of Merit of the Republic of Malta (page does not exist)">National Order of Merit of the Republic of Malta</a> with collar (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> (2001)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1964 – "Tulemägede maale" (To the Land of Fiery Mountains)</li> <li>1974 – "Virmaliste väraval" (At the Gate of Northern Light)</li> <li>1976 – "Hõbevalge" (Silverwhite)</li> <li>1977 – "Lähenevad rannad" (Nearing Shores)</li> <li>1984 – "Hõbevalgem"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balticguide.ee/index.php/a641">Entisen presidentin serkkua syytetään neuvostoajan kyydityksistä</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060516180039/http://www.balticguide.ee/index.php/a641">Archived</a> 16 May 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Finnish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meridict-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-meridict_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-meridict_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeri1994" class="citation news cs1">Meri, Lennart (25 February 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vp1992-2001.president.ee/eng/k6ned/K6ne.asp?ID=9401">"Address by H.E. Lennart Meri, President of the Republic of Estonia, at a Matthiae-Supper in Hamburg on February 25, 1994"</a>. Office of the President of the Republic of Estonia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Address+by+H.E.+Lennart+Meri%2C+President+of+the+Republic+of+Estonia%2C+at+a+Matthiae-Supper+in+Hamburg+on+February+25%2C+1994&rft.date=1994-02-25&rft.aulast=Meri&rft.aufirst=Lennart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvp1992-2001.president.ee%2Feng%2Fk6ned%2FK6ne.asp%3FID%3D9401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20170915021525/http://news.postimees.ee/4206443/scientists-overturn-meri-s-5-000-years-hypothesis">"Scientists overturn Meri's 5,000 years hypothesis"</a>. 10 August 2017. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.postimees.ee/4206443/scientists-overturn-meri-s-5-000-years-hypothesis">the original</a> on 15 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scientists+overturn+Meri%27s+5%2C000+years+hypothesis&rft.date=2017-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.postimees.ee%2F4206443%2Fscientists-overturn-meri-s-5-000-years-hypothesis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kristensen, Gustav N. 2010. Born into a Dream. EuroFaculty and the Council of the Baltic Sea States. Berliner Wissentshafts-Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8305-1769-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8305-1769-6">978-3-8305-1769-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-meriaud-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-meriaud_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeri" class="citation news cs1">Meri, Lennart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lennart-meri-speech-hamburg-germany-february-25-1994/id1489492475?i=1000549578895">"Lennart Meri Speech Hamburg, Germany February 25, 1994, Matthiae-Supper of Hansa Cities"</a>. History of Estonia Podcast. Apple Podcasts<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lennart+Meri+Speech+Hamburg%2C+Germany+February+25%2C+1994%2C+Matthiae-Supper+of+Hansa+Cities&rft.aulast=Meri&rft.aufirst=Lennart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpodcasts.apple.com%2Fus%2Fpodcast%2Flennart-meri-speech-hamburg-germany-february-25-1994%2Fid1489492475%3Fi%3D1000549578895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mm-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mm_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mm_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilosevich2021" class="citation news cs1">Milosevich, Mira (8 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-westpolitik-and-european-union">"Russia's Westpolitik and the European Union"</a>. Center for Strategic and International Studies. <q>In 1992, Yeltsin introduced the term "compatriot abroad" (which was suggested by the analyst Sergey Karaganov) to refer to ethnic Russians who now found themselves outside the formal borders of the Russian Federation but had cultural and linguistic ties with Russia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Westpolitik+and+the+European+Union&rft.date=2021-07-08&rft.aulast=Milosevich&rft.aufirst=Mira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csis.org%2Fanalysis%2Frussias-westpolitik-and-european-union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pugn14-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pugn14_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKinnon2014" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_MacKinnon" title="Mark MacKinnon">MacKinnon, Mark</a> (30 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/sergey-karaganov-the-man-behind-putins-pugnacity/article17734125/">"Sergey Karaganov: The man behind Putin's pugnacity"</a>. The Globe and Mail Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sergey+Karaganov%3A+The+man+behind+Putin%27s+pugnacity&rft.date=2014-03-30&rft.aulast=MacKinnon&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fsergey-karaganov-the-man-behind-putins-pugnacity%2Farticle17734125%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moore17-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-moore17_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2017" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Kevin R. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/a35a1206bd0a55b023cf8468d0c5bd83/"><i>Will the Karaganov Doctrine Turn South? The Potential for Russian Intervention in Northern Kazakhstan</i></a>. University of Colorado at Denver.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Will+the+Karaganov+Doctrine+Turn+South%3F+The+Potential+for+Russian+Intervention+in+Northern+Kazakhstan&rft.pub=University+of+Colorado+at+Denver&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Kevin+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2Fa35a1206bd0a55b023cf8468d0c5bd83%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gg16-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gg16_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGigitashvili2016" class="citation news cs1">Gigitashvili, Givi (30 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lai.lv/viedokli/russian-world-concept-and-securitization-of-collective-identity-545">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Russian World" Concept and Securitization of Collective Identity"</a>. Latvijas Ārpolitikas Institūts.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22Russian+World%22+Concept+and+Securitization+of+Collective+Identity&rft.date=2016-09-30&rft.aulast=Gigitashvili&rft.aufirst=Givi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lai.lv%2Fviedokli%2Frussian-world-concept-and-securitization-of-collective-identity-545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-djs17-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-djs17_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithLanePabriksPurs2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, David James; Lane, Thomas; <a href="/wiki/Artis_Pabriks" title="Artis Pabriks">Pabriks, Artis</a>; Purs, Aldis (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YaYbzQQN97EC&q=karaganov+doctrine&pg=PA161"><i>The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415285803" title="Special:BookSources/9780415285803"><bdi>9780415285803</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+States%3A+Estonia%2C+Latvia+and+Lithuania&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780415285803&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David+James&rft.au=Lane%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Pabriks%2C+Artis&rft.au=Purs%2C+Aldis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYaYbzQQN97EC%26q%3Dkaraganov%2Bdoctrine%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-press-friend-1998-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-press-friend-1998_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-press-friend-1998_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eesti Ajalehtede Liit 3 December 1998: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eall.ee/uudised/1998/3_12.html">Ajalehtede Liit valis viiendaks pressisőbraks president Meri</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204644/http://www.eall.ee/uudised/1998/3_12.html">Archived</a> 3 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-friend-1999-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-friend-1999_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eesti Ajalehtede Liit 3 December 1999: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eall.ee/uudised/1999/3_12.html">Ajalehtede Liit pidas täiskogu, valis pressisőbra</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208052335/http://www.eall.ee/uudised/1999/3_12.html">Archived</a> 8 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clubmadrid.org">The Club of Madrid</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLobjakas2009" class="citation web cs1">Lobjakas, Ahto (30 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/Estonias_Double_Date_With_History/1564394.html">"Estonia's Double Date With History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RFE/RL" class="mw-redirect" title="RFE/RL">RFE/RL</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estonia%27s+Double+Date+With+History&rft.pub=RFE%2FRL&rft.date=2009-03-30&rft.aulast=Lobjakas&rft.aufirst=Ahto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2FEstonias_Double_Date_With_History%2F1564394.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4806218.stm">"Europe | Estonia mourns ex-president Meri"</a>. BBC News. 14 March 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Europe+%26%23124%3B+Estonia+mourns+ex-president+Meri&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2006-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4806218.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><i>www.washingtonpost.com</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/14/AR2006031400074.html">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/14/AR2006031400074.html</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.washingtonpost.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F03%2F14%2FAR2006031400074.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bildt.blogspot.com/2006/03/aith-lennart-ja-huvasti.html">"Bildt Comments: Aitäh, Lennart! Ja huvasti"</a>. Bildt.blogspot.com. 26 March 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bildt+Comments%3A+Ait%C3%A4h%2C+Lennart%21+Ja+huvasti&rft.pub=Bildt.blogspot.com&rft.date=2006-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbildt.blogspot.com%2F2006%2F03%2Faith-lennart-ja-huvasti.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://estonianworld.com/people/lennart-meri-the-president-many-loved-and-everybody-respected/">Lennart Meri, the president many loved, and everybody respected – Estonian World</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Ekspress" title="Eesti Ekspress">Eesti Ekspress</a> 19 March 2009:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ekspress.ee/2009/03/19/eesti-uudised/40464-lennart-meri-nimi-lennujaama-katusel-maksnuks-miljon-krooni">Lennart Meri nimi lennujaama katusel maksnuks miljon krooni</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090322193356/http://www.ekspress.ee/2009/03/19/eesti-uudised/40464-lennart-meri-nimi-lennujaama-katusel-maksnuks-miljon-krooni">Archived</a> 22 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"</a>. <i>www.achievement.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Achievement" class="mw-redirect" title="American Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.achievement.org&rft.atitle=Golden+Plate+Awardees+of+the+American+Academy+of+Achievement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachievement.org%2Four-history%2Fgolden-plate-awards%2F%23public-service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALennart+Meri" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrp.lt/lt/prezidento_veikla/apdovanojimai/apdovanojimai_256/p40.html">Lithuanian Presidency</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140419212238/http://www.lrp.lt/lt/prezidento_veikla/apdovanojimai/apdovanojimai_256/p40.html">Archived</a> 19 April 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Lithuanian Orders searching form</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081028020352/http://www.balticsww.com/news/features/meri__portrait.htm">Lennart Meri, portrait of a President – Baltic States City Paper</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9218415">Encyclopædia Britannica Lennart Meri</a></li> <li><i>Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations</i>, Volume 6: World Leaders, 10th ed. Gale Group, 2001.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4806218.stm">BBC article "Estonia mourns ex-president Meri"</a></li> <li>Petri Liukkonen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authorscalendar.info/lmeri.htm">"Lennart Meri"</a>. <i>Books and Writers</i>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Olev_Olesk" title="Olev Olesk">Olev Olesk</a> (in exile)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Estonia)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1990–1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jaan_Manitski" title="Jaan Manitski">Jaan Manitski</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Mark" title="Heinrich Mark">Heinrich Mark</a> (Prime Minister in the duties of the President in Exile)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">President of Estonia</a> </b><br />1992–2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel" title="Arnold Rüütel">Arnold Rüütel</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="position:relative; bottom:1px; left:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/113px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><br /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Prime Ministers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Prime Minister<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">in Duties of the State Elder</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Päts</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Päts</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Riigihoidja" class="mw-redirect" title="Riigihoidja">President-Regent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Päts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_P%C3%A4ts" title="Konstantin Päts">Päts</a><sup>1</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Government_in_Exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Government in Exile">Prime Ministers<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">in Duties of the President</span></a><sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Uluots" title="Jüri Uluots">Uluots</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/August_Rei" title="August Rei">Rei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Sikkar" title="Johannes Sikkar">Sikkar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Warma" title="Aleksander Warma">Warma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B5nis_Kint" title="Tõnis Kint">Kint</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Mark" title="Heinrich Mark">Mark</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Meri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel" title="Arnold Rüütel">Rüütel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toomas_Hendrik_Ilves" title="Toomas Hendrik Ilves">Ilves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kersti_Kaljulaid" title="Kersti Kaljulaid">Kaljulaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alar_Karis" title="Alar Karis">Karis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> later Soviet prisoner</li> <li><sup>2</sup> <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Government_in_Exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Government in Exile">Government in exile</a></li> <li><sup>3</sup> President-elect</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Restoration_of_the_independence_of_the_Baltic_states" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Restoration_of_Baltic_independence" title="Template:Restoration of 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a> (1944–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lithuanian_Freedom_Fighters" title="Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters">Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Priboi" title="Operation Priboi">Operation Priboi</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Jungle" title="Operation Jungle">Operation Jungle</a> (1949–55)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freedom fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_Sabbe" title="August Sabbe">August Sabbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_P%C4%ABnups" title="Jānis Pīnups">Jānis Pīnups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranas_Kon%C4%8Dius" title="Pranas Končius">Pranas Končius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juozas_Luk%C5%A1a" title="Juozas Lukša">Juozas Lukša</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolfas_Ramanauskas" title="Adolfas Ramanauskas">Adolfas Ramanauskas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Soviet dissident era</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups and events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Helsinki_Group" title="Lithuanian Helsinki Group">Lithuanian Helsinki Group</a> (1977–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Liberty_League" title="Lithuanian Liberty League">Lithuanian Liberty League</a> (1978–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Appeal" title="Baltic Appeal">Baltic Appeal</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_of_40_Intellectuals" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter of 40 Intellectuals">Letter of 40 Intellectuals</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorite_War" title="Phosphorite War">Phosphorite War</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRP-AEG" title="MRP-AEG">MRP-AEG</a> (1987–88)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dissidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun%C4%81rs_Astra" title="Gunārs Astra">Gunārs Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romas_Kalanta" title="Romas Kalanta">Romas Kalanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Kukk" title="Jüri Kukk">Jüri Kukk</a></li> <li>Tiit Madisson</li> <li>Mart Niklus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagle_Parek" title="Lagle Parek">Lagle Parek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enn_Tarto" title="Enn Tarto">Enn Tarto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomas_Venclova" title="Tomas Venclova">Tomas Venclova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Political activism era</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusliku_S%C3%B5ltumatuse_Partei" class="mw-redirect" title="Eesti Rahvusliku Sõltumatuse Partei">ERSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahvarinne" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahvarinne">Popular Front of Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_Latvia" title="Popular Front of Latvia">Popular Front of Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%85j%C5%ABdis" title="Sąjūdis">Sąjūdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Citizens%27_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Citizens' Committee">Estonian Citizens' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Estonia" title="Congress of Estonia">Congress of Estonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunne_Kelam" title="Tunne Kelam">Tunne Kelam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis">Vytautas Landsbergis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lennart Meri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirvepark_meeting" title="Hirvepark meeting">Hirvepark meeting</a> (1987)</li> <li>Night Song Festivals (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Way" title="Baltic Way">Baltic Way</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alo_Mattiisen" title="Alo Mattiisen">Alo Mattiisen</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Baltics_Are_Waking_Up" title="The Baltics Are Waking Up">The Baltics Are Waking Up</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key decisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sovereignty_Declaration" title="Estonian Sovereignty Declaration">Sovereignty Declaration of the Estonian SSR</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Restoration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Latvia" title="On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia">On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia</a> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Final confrontations</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_economic_blockade_of_Lithuania" title="Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania">Soviet economic blockade of Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">January 1991 events in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_1991_events_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1991 events in Latvia">January 1991 events in Latvia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-independence crises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pullap%C3%A4%C3%A4_crisis" title="Pullapää crisis">Pullapää crisis</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_the_Volunteers" title="Coup of the Volunteers">Coup of the Volunteers</a> (1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153149#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153149#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q153149#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000078320195">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/84153775">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/226445/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmDqjp3jwRcc3vh4bFtKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11930063X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Meri, Lennart"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88622494">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122482332">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122482332">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2003190730&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1029995">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070005389">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90264114">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000015183&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810564199805606">Poland</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810611048005606">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000052250">Finland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11930063X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11930063X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031225608">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10571584">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/21px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/42px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Estonia" title="Portal:Estonia">Estonia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&oldid=1257586840">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lennart_Meri&oldid=1257586840</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1929_births" title="Category:1929 births">1929 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2006_deaths" title="Category:2006 deaths">2006 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politicians_from_Tallinn" title="Category:Politicians from Tallinn">Politicians from Tallinn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Tallinn" title="Category:Writers from Tallinn">Writers from Tallinn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Estonian_people_of_Swedish_descent" title="Category:Estonian people of Swedish descent">Estonian people of Swedish descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_of_Estonia" title="Category:Presidents of Estonia">Presidents of Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_Estonia" title="Category:Ministers of foreign affairs of Estonia">Ministers of foreign affairs of Estonia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ambassadors_of_Estonia_to_Finland" 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