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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-정의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#정의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>정의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-정의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-유래" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#유래"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>유래</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-유래-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-자연환경_체계" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#자연환경_체계"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>자연환경 체계</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-자연환경_체계-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>자연환경 체계 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-자연환경_체계-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-자연계의_분류" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#자연계의_분류"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>자연계의 분류</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-자연계의_분류-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-먹이_사슬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#먹이_사슬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>먹이 사슬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-먹이_사슬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">생태학</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 176개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Аекологиа – 압카즈어" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аекологиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="압카즈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologie" title="Ekologie – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ekologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kologie" title="Ökologie – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ökologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%90_%E1%88%9D%E1%88%85%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%AD" title="ስነ ምህዳር – 암하라어" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስነ ምህዳር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="암하라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoloch%C3%ADa" title="Ecolochía – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ecolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="परिस्थिति-विज्ञान – 앙가어" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="परिस्थिति-विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="앙가어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9" title="علم البيئة – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم البيئة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ايكولوجيا – 이집트 아랍어" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايكولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="이집트 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="추천 항목"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পৰিস্থিতি বিজ্ঞান – 아삼어" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰিস্থিতি বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="아삼어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolox%C3%ADa" title="Ecoloxía – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ecoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologiya" title="Ekologiya – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ekologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="اکولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اکولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologie" title="Ekologie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ekologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekuoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Ekuoluogėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ekuoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ekolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Экалогія – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Экалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Экалёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Экалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Екология – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Екология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इकोलॉजी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इकोलॉजी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9F%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဂေဟဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂေဟဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungodon" title="Kungodon – 밤바라어" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Kungodon" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="밤바라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="বাস্তুবিজ্ঞান – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাস্তুবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologiezh" title="Ekologiezh – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ekologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ekologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ekologi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Экологи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ecologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95ng-t%C3%A1i" title="Sĕng-tái – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕng-tái" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи – 체첸어" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Экологи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="체첸어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya – 세부아노어" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ekolohiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="세부아노어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A1%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎡᎧᎶᎩ – 체로키어" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎡᎧᎶᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="체로키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ژینگەناسی – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژینگەناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eculugia" title="Eculugia – 코르시카어" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Eculugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="코르시카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologie" title="Ekologie – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ekologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи – 추바시어" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Экологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="추바시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoleg" title="Ecoleg – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ecoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Økologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kologie" title="Ökologie – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ökologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolociye" title="Ekolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ekolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%AE%DE%8D%DE%AE%DE%96%DE%A9" title="އިކޮލޮޖީ – 디베히어" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިކޮލޮޖީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="디베히어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Οικολογία – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οικολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ecology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologio" title="Ekologio – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolog%C3%ADa" title="Ecología – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ecología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96koloogia" title="Ökoloogia – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ökoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologia" title="Ekologia – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بوم‌شناسی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوم‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologia" title="Ekologia – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ekologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96koloogia" title="Ökoloogia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ökoloogia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Vistfrøði – 페로어" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vistfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="페로어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cologie" title="Écologie – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologjie" title="Ecologjie – 프리울리어" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ecologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="프리울리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekology" title="Ekology – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ekology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89iceola%C3%ADocht" title="Éiceolaíocht – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éiceolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89koloji" title="Ékoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ékoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eag-e%C3%B2las" title="Eag-eòlas – 스코틀랜드 게일어" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eag-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드 게일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolox%C3%ADa" title="Ecoloxía – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ecoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekohakuaa" title="Tekohakuaa – 과라니어" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekohakuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="과라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi – 고론탈로어" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Ekologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="고론탈로어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggoaylleeaght" title="Eggoaylleeaght – 맹크스어" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eggoaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="맹크스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology – 하우사어" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ecology" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="하우사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ng-thai-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Sâng-thai-ho̍k – 하카어" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sâng-thai-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="하카어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81laikaiaola" title="Kālaikaiaola – 하와이어" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālaikaiaola" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="하와이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="אקולוגיה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="पारिस्थितिकी – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पारिस्थितिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology – 피지 힌디어" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ecology" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="피지 힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ekologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekoloji" title="Ekoloji – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kol%C3%B3gia" title="Ökológia – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ökológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Էկոլոգիա – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էկոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ecologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie – 인테르링구에" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ecologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="인테르링구에" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolohia" title="Ekolohia – 이로코어" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ekolohia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="이로코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи – 인귀시어" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Экологи" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="인귀시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologio" title="Ekologio – 이도어" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ekologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="이도어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Vistfræði – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vistfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ecologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生態学 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生態学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikalaji" title="Ikalaji – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ikalaji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89kologi" title="Ékologi – 자바어" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ékologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="자바어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ეკოლოგია – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეკოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologiya" title="Ekologiya – 카라칼파크어" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ekologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="카라칼파크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusnazdu%C9%A3t" title="Tusnazduɣt – 커바일어" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tusnazduɣt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="커바일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%89%C9%A9ja%C9%A3y%C9%9B_kp%C9%9Bl%C9%9Bk%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Ɖɩjaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɖɩjaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi – 그린란드어" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Økologi" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="그린란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="បរិស្ថានវិទ្យា – 크메르어" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បរិស្ថានវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="크메르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekoloj%C3%AE" title="Ekolojî – 쿠르드어" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ekolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologieth" title="Ekologieth – 콘월어" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ekologieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="콘월어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oecologia" title="Oecologia – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oecologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolojiya" title="Ekolojiya – 라디노어" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Ekolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="라디노어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologie" title="Ekologie – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ekologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – 레즈기안어" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="레즈기안어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolojia" title="Ecolojia – 링구아 프랑카 노바" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ecolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="링구아 프랑카 노바" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entababutonde" title="Entababutonde – 간다어" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Entababutonde" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="간다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ecologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eculugia" title="Eculugia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Eculugia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ນິເວດສາດ – 라오어" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນິເວດສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="라오어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ekologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apleiczineiba" title="Apleiczineiba – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Apleiczineiba" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolo%C4%A3ija" title="Ekoloģija – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ekoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इकोलोजी – 마이틸리어" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इकोलोजी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="마이틸리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Экологиясь – 모크샤어" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Экологиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="모크샤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolojia" title="Ekolojia – 말라가시어" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ekolojia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="말라가시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Экологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Экологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81tauranga_taupuhi_kaiao" title="Mātauranga taupuhi kaiao – 마오리어" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mātauranga taupuhi kaiao" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="마오리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Екологија – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Екологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ആവാസ വിജ്ഞാനം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആവാസ വിജ്ഞാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Экологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ekologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolo%C4%A1ija" title="Ekoloġija – 몰타어" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ekoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="몰타어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9F%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဂေဟဗေဒ – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂေဟဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kologie" title="Ökologie – 저지 독일어" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ökologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="저지 독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekology" title="Ekology – 저지 색슨어" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ekology" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="저지 색슨어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इकोलोजी – 네팔어" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इकोलोजी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="네팔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इकोलोजी – 네와르어" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इकोलोजी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="네와르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ecologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Økologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Økologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologia" title="Ekologia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ekologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Acologie" title="Êcologie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êcologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ecologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiinnaannoo" title="Xiinnaannoo – 오로모어" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xiinnaannoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="오로모어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolojii" title="Ekolojii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Ekolojii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologia" title="Ekologia – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ekologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="ایکولوجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایکولوجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="چاپېريالپوهنه – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چاپېريالپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ecologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsay_pacha_yachay" title="Kawsay pacha yachay – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsay pacha yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Еколоґія – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Еколоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="परिसरविज्ञानम् – 산스크리트어" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="परिसरविज्ञानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="산스크리트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolugg%C3%ACa" title="Ecoluggìa – 시칠리아어" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ecoluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="시칠리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ecologie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ماحوليات – 신디어" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ماحوليات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="신디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ekologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="පරිසර විද්‍යාව – 싱할라어" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිසර විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="싱할라어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ecology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekol%C3%B3gia" title="Ekológia – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ekológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ekologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruambanhanga" title="Ruambanhanga – 쇼나어" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ruambanhanga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="쇼나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologjia" title="Ekologjia – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ekologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Екологија – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Екологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89kologi" title="Ékologi – 순다어" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ékologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="순다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ekologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolojia" title="Ekolojia – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ekolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சூழலியல் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சூழலியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="జీవావరణ శాస్త్రము – 텔루구어" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవావరణ శాస్త్రము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="텔루구어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – 타지크어" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="타지크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="นิเวศวิทยา – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิเวศวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi%C3%BDa" title="Ekologiýa – 투르크멘어" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ekologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="투르크멘어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ekolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolosi" title="Ekolosi – 토크 피신어" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ekolosi" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="토크 피신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekoloji" title="Ekoloji – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ekoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – 타타르어" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="타타르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Екологія – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA(%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="ماحولیات(نظام) – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماحولیات(نظام)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologiya" title="Ekologiya – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ekologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologii" title="Ekologii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ekologii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="좋은 글"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_th%C3%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Sinh thái học – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh thái học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6olog" title="Köolog – 볼라퓌크어" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Köolog" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="볼라퓌크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolodjeye" title="Ecolodjeye – 왈론어" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ecolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="왈론어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ekolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生态学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-ecology" title="I-ecology – 코사어" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-ecology" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="코사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ეკოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ეკოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="עקאלאגיע – 이디시어" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עקאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="이디시어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生态学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng-th%C3%A0i-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Seng-thài-ha̍k – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seng-thài-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="生態學 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生態學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7150#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="언어 간 링크 편집" class="wbc-editpage">링크 편집</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border:2px solid #90db90"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분류:생물학">분류:생물학</a>의 일부</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;font-size:175%;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="생물학">생물학</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:DNA_simple.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/DNA_simple.svg/45px-DNA_simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/DNA_simple.svg/68px-DNA_simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/DNA_simple.svg/90px-DNA_simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="270" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><b>생명의 과학</b></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="background:#ddddff;display:block; margin-bottom:0.55em; background-color: #e7f4e7;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biology_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of biology articles">색인 (영어)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EA%B0%9C%EC%9A%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생물학의 개요 (없는 문서)">개요</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of biology">용어집 (영어)</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="생물학의 역사">역사</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99_%EB%B0%8F_%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%B0%EB%8C%80%ED%91%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생물학 및 유기화학의 연대표 (없는 문서)">연대표</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#e7f4e7;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#90db90;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;">주요 구성 요소</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="세포 이론">세포설</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계">생태계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="진화">진화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5%EC%88%98" title="계통수">계통수</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85" title="생명">생명</a>의 특성</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%91" title="적응">적응</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC" title="물질대사">물질대사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="발생생물학">생장</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%83%81%EC%84%B1" title="항상성">항상성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9D" title="생식">생식</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EA%B7%B9_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="자극 (생물학) (없는 문서)">자극에 대한 반응</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>생물의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="역 (생물학)">역</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="계 (생물학)">계</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EA%B7%A0" title="세균">세균역</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B7%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="고균">고세균역</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%95%B5%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="진핵생물">진핵생물역</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="동물">동물계</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%A0%EA%B3%84" title="균계">균계</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="식물">식물계</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%83%9D%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="원생생물">원생생물계</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#e7f4e7;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#90db90;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;">분야</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99" title="해부학">해부학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0" title="생명공학기술">생명공학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="식물학">식물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="세포생물학">세포생물학</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">생태학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="진화생물학">진화생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="유전학">유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="해양생물학">해양생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="미생물학">미생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분자생물학">분자생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%A0%ED%95%99" title="균학">균학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="신경과학">신경과학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="고생물학">고생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99_(%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="조류학 (식물학)">조류학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생리학">생리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%83%9D%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="원생생물학">원생생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%99" title="바이러스학">바이러스학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="동물학">동물학</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#e7f4e7;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#90db90;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;">연구</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="생물학자">생물학자</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="생물학자 목록">목록)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biology_awards" class="extiw" title="en:List of biology awards">생물학상 목록 (영어)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biology_journals" class="extiw" title="en:List of biology journals">저널 목록 (영어)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_research_methods_in_biology" class="extiw" title="en:List of research methods in biology">연구방법 목록 (영어)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EB%AF%B8%ED%95%B4%EA%B2%B0_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="생물학의 미해결 문제 목록">미해결 문제 목록</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#e7f4e7;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#90db90;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;">응용</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="농업과학">농업과학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%98%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="의생명과학 (없는 문서)">의생명과학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EA%B1%B4%EC%9D%98%EB%A3%8C%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0" title="보건의료기술">보건의료기술</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A0%9C%EC%95%BD%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="제약농업 (없는 문서)">제약농업</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Nuvola_apps_biology.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nuvola_apps_biology.png/16px-Nuvola_apps_biology.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nuvola_apps_biology.png/24px-Nuvola_apps_biology.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Nuvola_apps_biology.png/32px-Nuvola_apps_biology.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="포털:생물학">생물학 포털</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="분류"><img alt="분류" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분류:생물학">분류</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311309">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99_%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%94" title="틀:생물학 사이드바"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99_%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%94" title="틀토론:생물학 사이드바"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99_%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C%EB%B0%94" title="특수:문서편집/틀:생물학 사이드바"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311307">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#aaaaaa">생태학</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Ecologia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ecologia.jpg/220px-Ecologia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ecologia.jpg/330px-Ecologia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ecologia.jpg/440px-Ecologia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">학문명</th><td class="infobox-data">생태학</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">연구 분야</th><td class="infobox-data">생물과 환경의 상호작용</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">학문 분야</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="생물학">생물학</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>생태학</b>(生態學, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">ecology</span>)이란 생물과 환경의 상호작용을 연구하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="생물학">생물학</a>의 한 분야이다. 환경은 생물의 주변을 구성하는 생물적, 비생물적 요소를 모두 포함한다. </p><p>영어로 <i>ecology</i>, 독일어로 <i>Ökologie</i>라 하는 생태학의 어원은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="고대 그리스어">고대 그리스어</a>로 <b>"사는 곳"</b>, <b>"집안 살림"</b>을 뜻하는 <i>oikos</i>와 <b>"학문"</b>을 의미하는 <i>logos</i>의 합성어이다. <b>"집안 살림 관리"</b>를 뜻하는 경제학과 어원이 같다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="정의"><span id=".EC.A0.95.EC.9D.98"></span>정의</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 정의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:ErnstHaeckel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ErnstHaeckel.jpg/150px-ErnstHaeckel.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ErnstHaeckel.jpg/225px-ErnstHaeckel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/ErnstHaeckel.jpg/300px-ErnstHaeckel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>에른스트 헤켈</figcaption></figure> <p>생태학이 환경(environment)과 환경보호주의(environmentalism) 등의 용어와 혼동되는 경우가 있지만, 생태학은 둘 다 아니다. 생태학은 과학이고 행동주의적으로 규정된 목표가 없다.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_ecology_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_ecology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>생태학이란 낱말은 1866년 독일 생물학자 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%ED%97%A4%EC%BC%88" title="에른스트 헤켈">에른스트 헤켈</a>(Ernst Haeckel)에 의해 처음 사용되었다 (생물체의 일반 형태론, <i>Generelle Morphologie der Organismen</i>, 1866 Berlin). 1869년 헤켈은 예나 잡지에 기고한 논문에서 이 낱말을 다음과 같이 설명하였다. </p> <table align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="color:#90B5F0; width: 20px; vertical-align: top; font-size:40px;font-family:Georgia;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;">“ </td> <td style="padding:10px; vertical-align: top;"> <p>생태학이라는 낱말을 우리는 자연계의 질서와 조직에 관한 전체 지식으로 이해한다. 즉 동물과 생물적인 그리고 비생물적인 외부세계와의 전반적인 관계에 대한 연구이며, 한걸음 더 나가서는 외부세계와 동물 그리고 식물이 직접 또는 간접적으로 갖는 친화적 혹은 불화적 관계에 대한 연구라고 볼 수 있다. </p> </td> <td style="color:#A0B7F2; width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; font-size:40px;font-family:Georgia;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td valign="top"><div style="line-height:1em;text-align: right"><cite style="font-style:normal;">— 〈동물학의 진화 과정과 그 문제점에 관하여〉, <i>Über die Entwicklungsgang und Aufgabe der Zoologie, Jenaische Zeitung</i> 5, 1869, 353-370. </cite></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>헤켈이 내린 생태학의 정의는 오늘날까지 생물학자에 의해 인정되고 있다. </p><p>찰스 엘튼의 동물생태학(Animal Ecology) (1927), 유진 오덤(Eugene Odum) (1963)을 거쳐 생태학의 정의는 다듬어져 왔다. 유진 오덤은 '자연의 구조와 기능을 연구하는 학문'이라 정의하였고, 이후 찰스 크랩스(Charles J. Krebs)는 '생물의 분포(distribution)와 수도(abundance)를 결정하는 상호작용에 관한 과학적 연구'라 정의하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-ecology_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>나아가 산업 생태학은 '산업의'라는 말과 '생태학'을 융합한 새로운 학문 분야로, 자원이용을 극대화하고 효율적으로 만듦과 동시에 환경에 대한 나쁜 영향을 극소화하는 것을 목적으로 한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="유래"><span id=".EC.9C.A0.EB.9E.98"></span>유래</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 유래"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>생태학의 뿌리는 자연사부터 시작된다. 인류의 조상은 사냥감을 어디서, 언제 구할 수 있는지 알아야 했고, 농업 혁명 이후에는 가축이나 곡물을 어떻게 기를지 등 생태에 대한 지식이 필요하였다.<sup id="cite_ref-ecology_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 기원전 4세기 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="아리스토텔레스">아리스토텔레스</a>는 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Animals" class="extiw" title="en:History of Animals">Historia Animalium</a>에서 들쥐와 메뚜기떼에 대해 설명을 시도하였다. 유해 동물을 없애기 위한 방안을 생각하던 초기 그리스와 로마인의 생각에서 출발해서 수학과 자연사를 이용하여 현대적인 생태학이 발달하게 되었다. 1968년 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%88%ED%86%A4_%ED%8C%90_%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%9A%B0%EC%97%94%ED%9B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="안톤 판 레이우엔훅">레벤후크</a>(Leeuwenhoek)는 수리적인 계산을 통해 <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%B1%EC%A0%95%EB%B2%8C%EB%A0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="딱정벌레">딱정벌레</a>의 증식률을 계산했고 한쌍의 파리가 3개월에 약 75만 마리의 파리를 생산할 수 있다고 계산했다.<sup id="cite_ref-ecology_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1798년 초기 인구통계학자 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%AC%EB%8D%94%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="맬더스 (없는 문서)">맬더스</a>(Malthus)는 인구론(Essay on Population)을 출판하였고 이는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9C%88" class="mw-disambig" title="다윈">다윈</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EC%84%A0%ED%83%9D" title="자연선택">자연 선택이론</a>에 영향을 미쳐 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="진화론">진화론</a>으로 발달하게 된다. 군집 연구는 식물생태학자 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenius_Warming" class="extiw" title="en:Eugenius Warming">와밍</a>(J. E. B. Warming)에 많은 영향을 받았고, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="개체군">개체군</a>과 군집(무리)의 광범위한 문제들의 인지와 함께 1900년경 생태학은 과학이 되는 길로 들어섰다.<sup id="cite_ref-ecology_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ecology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="자연환경_체계"><span id=".EC.9E.90.EC.97.B0.ED.99.98.EA.B2.BD_.EC.B2.B4.EA.B3.84"></span>자연환경 체계</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 자연환경 체계"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="자연계의_분류"><span id=".EC.9E.90.EC.97.B0.EA.B3.84.EC.9D.98_.EB.B6.84.EB.A5.98"></span>자연계의 분류</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 자연계의 분류"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>기후에 따른 분류</li> <li>지형에 따른 분류</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="먹이_사슬"><span id=".EB.A8.B9.EC.9D.B4_.EC.82.AC.EC.8A.AC"></span>먹이 사슬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 먹이 사슬"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>일단, 첫 번째로 햇빛을 통하여 식물이 자란다.(또는 물) 두 번째로, 초식동물이 햇빛으로 자란 식물을 먹는다. 세 번째로, 육식동물이 초식동물을 잡아먹는다. (육식동물위에 더 큰 육식동물이 있을 수 있다.) 마지막으로, 동물(육식, 초식, 잡식)의 시체가 썩어 식물이 자라는데 쓰인다. 그런 식으로 영원히 돌고도는 것이다(먹이사슬이 붕괴되는 경우도 있다.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%83%89_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="녹색 혁명">녹색 혁명</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%EB%86%8D" title="유기농">유기농</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EB%86%8D%EB%B2%95" title="자연농법">자연농법</a>(NF)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_ecology-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_ecology_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas M. Smith, 강혜순, 오인혜, 정근, 이우신 역, <생태학>, p.3(라이프사이언스 2011).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ecology-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ecology_2-0">가</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ecology_2-1">나</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ecology_2-2">다</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ecology_2-3">라</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles J. Krebs, 이준호, 류문일 역, <생태학>, pp.5~9(바이오사이언스 2011).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>「자연정화처리기술의 실제」, 유기물의 부식화, 박철휘 저, 동화기술교역(2004년, 42~47p)</li> <li>「건강을 살리는 숯」, 숯에는 무엇인가가 살고 있다, 송재만 저, 문예마당(2007년, 46~49p)</li> <li>「창조주의 특별한 선물」, 생체정보를 활용한 기술의 전망, 김용태 저, 건강신문사(2010년, 50~52p)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> 위키미디어 공용에 <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ecology?uselang=ko">생태학</a></span> 관련 미디어 분류가 있습니다.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> 위키인용집에 <a href="https://ko.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/생태학">생태학</a> 관련 문서가 있습니다.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doopedia.co.kr/doopedia/master/master.do?_method=view&MAS_IDX=101013000735188">생태학</a> - <a href="/wiki/%EB%91%90%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84%EB%8C%80%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="두산세계대백과사전">두산세계대백과사전</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110120214527/http://biosites.org/index.php/Ecology">생태학관련 사이트들 - BioSites</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99_%EB%B6%84%EC%95%BC" title="특수:문서편집/틀:생물학 분야"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="생물학의_주요_분야" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="생물학">생물학</a>의 주요 분야</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99#연구_분야" title="생물학">생물학의 분야</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="계생명학">계생명학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="고생물학">고생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="고유전학">고유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%A0%ED%95%99" title="균학">균학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%9D%EC%B6%A9%ED%95%99" title="기생충학">기생충학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="동물학">동물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="면역학">면역학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="미생물학">미생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="발생생물학">발생생물학</a> (발생학)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%91%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="병리학">병리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%A0%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="보전생물학">보전생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99" title="분류학">분류학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분자생물학">분자생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="분자세포유전학">분자세포유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생리학">생리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생물리학">생물리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%ED%95%99" title="생물정보학">생물정보학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%ED%95%99" title="생물통계학">생물통계학</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">생태학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="생화학">생화학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="세포생물학">세포생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="세포유전학">세포유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="수리생물학">수리생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="시간생물학">시간생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="식물학">식물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="신경과학">신경과학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="약리학">약리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_(%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99)" title="역학 (의학)">역학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="우주생물학">우주생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4%ED%95%99" title="유전체학">유전체학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="유전학">유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%EC%83%9D%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="위생학">위생학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="인간생물학">인간생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81%ED%95%99" title="조직학">조직학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="진화생물학">진화생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99" title="해부학">해부학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="해양생물학">해양생물학</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">생물학의 가설들</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D%EC%84%A4" title="자연발생설">자연발생설</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="생물학" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311309"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="틀:생물학"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="틀토론:생물학"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="특수:문서편집/틀:생물학"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="생물학" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="생물학">생물학</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>소개 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99_%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유전학 소개 (없는 문서)">유전학</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94_%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="진화 소개 (없는 문서)">진화</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99_%EA%B0%9C%EC%9A%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생물학 개요 (없는 문서)">개요</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC" title="생물학의 역사">역사</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EA%B3%BC_%EC%9C%A0%EA%B8%B0%ED%99%94%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%B0%ED%91%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생물학과 유기화학의 연표 (없는 문서)">연표</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99_%EA%B8%B0%EC%82%AC_%EC%83%89%EC%9D%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생물학 기사 색인 (없는 문서)">색인</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%9D%98_%EC%9C%84%EA%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생명의 위계 (없는 문서)">생명의 위계</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B6%8C" title="생물권">생물권</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계">생태계</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EA%B5%B0%EC%A7%91" title="생물군집">군집</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="개체군">개체군</a> >  <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="생물">개체</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84" title="기관계">기관계</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80_(%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99)" title="기관 (해부학)">기관</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="조직 (생물학)">조직</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC" title="세포">세포</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%86%8C%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="세포소기관">세포소기관</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%B2%B4%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B3%B5%ED%95%A9%EC%B2%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="생체분자 복합체">생체분자 복합체</a> > <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="분자">분자</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%B2%B4%EA%B3%A0%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="생체고분자">생체고분자</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%B2%B4%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90" title="생체분자">생체분자</a>) > <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9E%90" title="원자">원자</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/140px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/210px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/280px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="2856" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="생물학">기초</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="세포 이론">세포설</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">생태학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="에너지">에너지 전환</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="진화">진화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="유전학">유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%AD%EC%83%81%EC%84%B1" title="항상성">항상성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99" title="분류학">분류학</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">원리</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="진화">진화</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%9D%91" title="적응">적응</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B5%9C%EC%B4%88%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EC%B2%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="최초의 생명체 (없는 문서)">최초의 생명체</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8A%A5_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="기능 (생물학)">기능</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B6%80%EB%8F%99" class="mw-redirect" title="유전자 부동">유전적 부동</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%99" title="유전자 이동">유전자 흐름</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="대진화">대진화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94" title="소진화">소진화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%8C%EC%97%B0%EB%B3%80%EC%9D%B4" title="돌연변이">돌연변이</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EC%84%A0%ED%83%9D" title="자연선택">자연선택</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EB%B6%84%ED%99%94" title="종분화">종분화</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">생태학</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC_%EB%8B%A4%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1" title="생물 다양성">생물 다양성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8_%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="생물 사이의 상호 작용">생물학적 상호작용</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%B0%EC%A7%91_(%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="군집 (생태학) (없는 문서)">군집</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B3%84" title="생태계">생태계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%8B%9D%EC%A7%80" title="서식지">서식지</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EC%A0%81_%EC%A7%80%EC%9C%84" title="생태적 지위">생태적 지위</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="마이크로바이옴 (없는 문서)">마이크로바이옴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4%EA%B5%B0" title="개체군">개체군</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%90%EC%9B%90_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="자원 (생물학) (없는 문서)">자원</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분자생물학">분자생물학</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%EC%8B%A0%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="세포 신호">세포 신호전달</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="발생생물학">발생</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="후성유전학">후성유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90_%EB%B0%9C%ED%98%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88" title="유전자 발현의 조절">유전자 발현의 조절</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EC%88%98_%EB%B6%84%EC%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="감수 분열">감수 분열</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%82%AC_%EB%B6%84%EC%97%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="유사 분열">유사 분열</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%82%AC_%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%98%95" title="전사 후 변형">전사 후 변형</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="생화학">생화학</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EB%B0%B1%EC%A7%88" title="단백질">단백질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC" title="탄수화물">탄수화물</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88" class="mw-disambig" title="지질">지질</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EC%82%B0" title="핵산">핵산</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9A%A8%EC%86%8C" title="효소">효소</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC" title="물질대사">물질대사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC_%ED%98%B8%ED%9D%A1" title="세포 호흡">세포 호흡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1" title="광합성">광합성</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">하위 분야</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EB%B6%80%ED%95%99" title="해부학">해부학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="생화학">생화학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생물지리학">생물지리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="생물역학">생물역학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생물리학">생물리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%ED%95%99" title="생물정보학">생물정보학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%ED%95%99" title="생물통계학">생물통계학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="생명공학">생명공학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="식물학">식물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="세포생물학">세포생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%84%B8%ED%8F%AC%EB%AF%B8%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="세포미생물학 (없는 문서)">세포미생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="시간생물학">시간생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%EC%A7%80%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인지생물학 (없는 문서)">인지생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EC%82%B0%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="계산생물학">계산생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%A0%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="보전생물학">보전생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D_%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="발생 생물학">발생생물학</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">생태학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_(%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99)" title="역학 (의학)">역학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%84%B1%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="후성유전학">후성유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="진화생물학">진화생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EB%B0%9C%EC%83%9D%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="진화발생생물학">진화발생생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%95%99" title="유전학">유전학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%B2%B4%ED%95%99" title="유전체학">유전체학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81%ED%95%99" title="조직학">조직학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="인간생물학">인체생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="면역학">면역학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88%ED%95%99_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="지질학 (생물학)">지질학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="해양생물학">해양생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="수리생물학">수리생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="미생물학">미생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분자생물학">분자생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%A0%ED%95%99" title="균학">균학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%82%98%EB%85%B8%EC%83%9D%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="나노생명공학 (없는 문서)">나노생명공학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="신경과학">신경과학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%91%ED%95%99" title="영양학">영양학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="고생물학">고생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%9D%EC%B6%A9%ED%95%99" title="기생충학">기생충학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%91%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="병리학">병리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%BD%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="약리학">약리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99_(%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="조류학 (식물학)">조류학 (식물학)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생리학">생리학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="양자생물학">양자생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%83%9D%EC%8B%9D%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="생식생물학 (없는 문서)">생식생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="사회생물학">사회생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="구조생물학">구조생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%A9%EC%84%B1%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="합성생물학">합성생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%ED%86%B5%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98%ED%95%99" title="계통분류학">계통분류학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="시스템생물학">시스템생물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="독물학">독물학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%99" title="바이러스학">바이러스학</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="동물학">동물학</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">용어집</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of biology">생물학 용어 (영문)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of botanical terms">식물학 용어 (영문)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_ecology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of ecology">생태학 용어 (영문)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of plant morphology">식물형태학 용어 (영문)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="분류"><img alt="분류" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99" title="분류:생물학">분류</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="위키미디어 공용"><img alt="위키미디어 공용" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/commons:Category:Biology" class="extiw" title="en:commons:Category:Biology">위키미디어</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국가</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Ecología"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4576235">스페인</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119319304">프랑스</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119319304">BnF 데이터</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4043207-5">독일</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531365305171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Ecology"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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