4D Modelling of Low Visibility Underwater Archaeological Excavations Using Multi-Source Photogrammetry in the Bulgarian Black Sea

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>4D Modelling of Low Visibility Underwater Archaeological Excavations Using Multi-Source Photogrammetry in the Bulgarian Black Sea</title> <meta name="description" content="4D Modelling of Low Visibility Underwater Archaeological Excavations Using Multi-Source Photogrammetry in the Bulgarian Black Sea"> <meta name="keywords" content="4D modelling, Black Sea, maritime archaeology, underwater photogrammetry, Bronze Age, low visibility."> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="citation_title" content="4D Modelling of Low Visibility Underwater Archaeological Excavations Using Multi-Source Photogrammetry in the Bulgarian Black Sea"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Jonathan Adams"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Felix Pedrotti"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2018/03/03"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" 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Archaeological Excavations Using Multi-Source Photogrammetry in the Bulgarian Black Sea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rodrigo%20Pacheco-Ruiz">Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jonathan%20Adams"> Jonathan Adams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Felix%20Pedrotti"> Felix Pedrotti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces the applicability of underwater photogrammetric survey within challenging conditions as the main tool to enhance and enrich the process of documenting archaeological excavation through the creation of 4D models. Photogrammetry was being attempted on underwater archaeological sites at least as early as the 1970s’ and today the production of traditional 3D models is becoming a common practice within the discipline. Photogrammetry underwater is more often implemented to record exposed underwater archaeological remains and less so as a dynamic interpretative tool.  Therefore, it tends to be applied in bright environments and when underwater visibility is > 1m, reducing its implementation on most submerged archaeological sites in more turbid conditions. Recent years have seen significant development of better digital photographic sensors and the improvement of optical technology, ideal for darker environments. Such developments, in tandem with powerful processing computing systems, have allowed underwater photogrammetry to be used by this research as a standard recording and interpretative tool. Using multi-source photogrammetry (5, GoPro5 Hero Black cameras) this paper presents the accumulation of daily (4D) underwater surveys carried out in the Early Bronze Age (3,300 BC) to Late Ottoman (17th Century AD) archaeological site of Ropotamo in the Bulgarian Black Sea under challenging conditions (< 0.5m visibility). It proves that underwater photogrammetry can and should be used as one of the main recording methods even in low light and poor underwater conditions as a way to better understand the complexity of the underwater archaeological record. <iframe src="https://publications.waset.org/10008896.pdf" style="width:100%; height:400px;" frameborder="0"></iframe> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=4D%20modelling" title="4D modelling">4D modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Black%20Sea" title=" Black Sea"> Black Sea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=maritime%20archaeology" title=" maritime archaeology"> maritime archaeology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=underwater%20photogrammetry" title=" underwater photogrammetry"> underwater photogrammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bronze%20Age" title=" Bronze Age"> Bronze Age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=low%20visibility." title=" low visibility."> low visibility.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Digital Object Identifier (DOI):</strong> <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1316478" target="_blank">doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1316478</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/4d-modelling-of-low-visibility-underwater-archaeological-excavations-using-multi-source-photogrammetry-in-the-bulgarian-black-sea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008896.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1538</span> </span> <p class="card-text"><strong>References:</strong></p> <br>[1] G. F. Bass, “Archaeology Under Water,” in Ancient peoples and places, New York, 1966. <br>[2] J. Green, “Maritime archaeology: a technical handbook,” 1990. <br>[3] M. Rule, “The Mary Rose: The Excavation and Raising of Henry VIIIs Flagship,” 1982. <br>[4] N. Rule, “Some techniques for cost-effective three-dimensional mapping of underwater sites,” BAR International Series, vol. 598, p. 51, 1995. <br>[5] I. Karayotov, “The Antique and Medieval port at the mouth of the river Ropotamo,” Acta TAB, vol. 5, pp. 64–66, 1990. <br>[6] C. J. Lister, R. N. Hiscott, A. E. Aksu, and P. J. Mudie, “Compositional trends through the Holocene mud succession of the southwestern Black Sea shelf: Implications for sedimentary provenance and water-level history,” Sedimentary Geology, vol. 316, pp. 13–25, 2015. <br>[7] G. Lericolais, J. Bourget, I. Popescu, P. Jermannaud, T. Mulder, S. Jorry, and N. Panin, “Late Quaternary deep-sea sedimentation in the western Black Sea: New insights from recent coring and seismic data in the deep basin,” Global and Planetary Change, vol. 103, no. April 2013, pp. 232–247, apr 2013. <br>[8] H. Br¨uckner, D. Kelterbaum, O. Marunchak, A. Porotov, and A. V¨ott, “The Holocene sea level story since 7500 BP Lessons from the Eastern Mediterranean, the Black and the Azov Seas,” Quaternary International, vol. 225, no. 2, pp. 160–179, oct 2010. <br>[9] V. Yanko-Hombach, A. S. Gilbert, and P. Dolukhanov, “Controversy over the great flood hypotheses in the Black Sea in light of geological, paleontological, and archaeological evidence,” Quaternary International, vol. 167-168, pp. 91–113, jun 2007. <br>[10] I. Popescu, G. Lericolais, N. Panin, A. Normand, C. Dinu, and E. Le Drezen, “The Danube submarine canyon (Black Sea): morphology and sedimentary processes,” Marine Geology, vol. 206, no. 1-4, pp. 249–265, may 2004. <br>[11] A. E. Aksu, H. Gillespie, and P. J. Mudie, “Dino flagellate cysts , freshwater algae and fungal spores as salinity indicators in Late Quaternary cores from Marmara and Black seas,” vol. 190, 2002. <br>[12] A. E. Aksu, R. N. Hiscott, and D. Ya, “Oscillating Quaternary water levels of the Marmara Sea and vigorous outflow into the Aegean Sea from the Marmara Sea Black Sea drainage corridor,” vol. 153, pp. 275–302, 1999. <br>[13] W. B. F. Ryan, W. C. Pitman, C. Major, K. Shimkus, V. Moskalenko, G. A. Jones, P. Dimitrov, N. Goriir, M. Saking, and H. Yiice, “An abrupt drowning of the Black Sea shelf,” vol. 138, pp. 119–126, 1997. <br>[14] J. McCarthy and J. Benjamin, “Multi-image Photogrammetry for Underwater Archaeological Site Recording: An Accessible, Diver-Based Approach,” Journal of Maritime Archaeology, mar 2014. <br>[15] C. Beltrame and E. Costa, “3D survey and modelling of shipwrecks in different underwater environments,” Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2017. <br>[16] O. Barkai and Y. Kahanov, “The Tantura F Shipwreck, Israel,” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, vol. 36, no. 1, p. 21, 2007. <br>[17] M. Eliyahu, O. Barkai, Y. Goren, N. Eliaz, Y. Kahanov, and D. Ashkenazi, “The iron anchors from the Tantura F shipwreck: typological and metallurgical analyses,” Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 233–245, 2011. <br>[18] N. Rule, “The Direct Survey Method (DSM) OF Underwater Survey, And Its Application Underwater,” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 157–162, 1989. </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>

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4D Modelling of Low Visibility Underwater Archaeological Excavations Using Multi-Source Photogrammetry in the Bulgarian Black Sea