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id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etymology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Auncient_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auncient_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Auncient period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auncient_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clessical_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clessical_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Clessical period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clessical_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Islamic era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modren_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modren_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Modren era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modren_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-unthirldom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-unthirldom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Post-unthirldom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-unthirldom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geografie </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geografie subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Ecology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_an_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_an_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politics an government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_an_government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics an government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_an_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lairgest_ceeties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lairgest_ceeties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Lairgest ceeties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lairgest_ceeties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Admeenistrative_diveesions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Admeenistrative_diveesions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Admeenistrative diveesions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Admeenistrative_diveesions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Demografics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Faur_readin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Faur_readin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Faur readin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Faur_readin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Jordan</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 252 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-252" aria-hidden="true" > 252 leids </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Иорданиа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Иорданиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdun" title="Urdun – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Urdun" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Иордание – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Иордание" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jordanië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanien" title="Jordanien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jordanien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AE%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B3%E1%8A%96%E1%88%B5" title="ዮርዳኖስ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዮርዳኖስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordania" title="Chordania – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chordania" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hascemisc_Cyner%C4%ABce_%C3%BE%C3%A6s_Iordanes" title="Hascemisc Cynerīce þæs Iordanes – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hascemisc Cynerīce þæs Iordanes" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodan" title="Jodan – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Jodan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जॉर्डन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जॉर्डन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featurt airticles"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="الأردن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الأردن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%AA%DC%95%DC%A2%DC%A2" title="ܝܘܪܕܢܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܘܪܕܢܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="لأردن – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لأردن" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="الاردن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الاردن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জৰ্ডান – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জৰ্ডান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xordania" title="Xordania – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xordania" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Урдун – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Урдун" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जोर्डन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="जोर्डन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ordaniya" title="İordaniya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İordaniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="اوردون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوردون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иордания" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Yordania" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanien" title="Jordanien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jordanien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juordan%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Juordanėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Juordanėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordanya" title="Yordanya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Yordanya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іарданія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іарданія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ярданія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ярданія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdun" title="Urdun – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Urdun" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Йордания – Bulgairien" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йордания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgairien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जॉर्डन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जॉर्डन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Yordania" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordon" title="Ordon – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Ordon" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জর্ডান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জর্ডান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="རྗོར་ཌན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྗོར་ཌན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="জর্ডান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="জর্ডান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%90%E1%A8%9A%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨐᨚᨑᨉᨊᨗᨕ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨐᨚᨑᨉᨊᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Иордани – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Иордани" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord%C3%A0nia" title="Jordània – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jordània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3k-d%C3%A1ng" title="Iók-dáng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iók-dáng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Урдан – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Урдан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordanya" title="Hordanya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Hordanya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="ئوردن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئوردن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdun" title="Urdun – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Urdun" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord%C3%A1nsko" title="Jordánsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jordánsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordani%C3%B4" title="Jordaniô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Jordaniô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Иордани – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иордани" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwlad_Iorddonen" title="Gwlad Iorddonen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlad Iorddonen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Dens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dens" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanien" title="Jordanien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jordanien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdun" title="Urdun – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Urdun" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordaniska" title="Jordaniska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Jordaniska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जोर्डन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="जोर्डन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%8B%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އުރުދުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އުރުދުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ιορδανία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιορδανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Inglis" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inglis" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanio" title="Jordanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jordanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Spainish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spainish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordaania" title="Jordaania – Eastlands" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jordaania" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Eastlands" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="اردن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اردن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydi_Jordan" title="Leydi Jordan – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Leydi Jordan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordaania" title="Jordaania – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Jordaania" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanie" title="Jordanie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jordanie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordaanien" title="Jordaanien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jordaanien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordaanje" title="Jordaanje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jordaanje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iord%C3%A1in" title="An Iordáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Iordáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ordaniya" title="İordaniya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İordaniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordani" title="Jordani – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jordani" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B2rdan_(d%C3%B9thaich)" title="Iòrdan (dùthaich) – Scots Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Iòrdan (dùthaich)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scots Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xordania" title="Xordania – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xordania" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horyt%C3%A1%C3%B1a" title="Horytáña – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Horytáña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जॉर्डन – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जॉर्डन" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Yordania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%89%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%A8" title="જૉર્ડન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="જૉર્ડન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Jordaan" title="Yn Jordaan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Jordaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodan" title="Jodan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jodan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yok-tan" title="Yok-tan – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yok-tan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iored%C4%81ne" title="Ioredāne – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Ioredāne" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F" title="ירדן – Ebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ירדן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जॉर्डन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉर्डन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordaniska" title="Jordaniska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jordaniska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2dani" title="Jòdani – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jòdani" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord%C3%A1nia" title="Jordánia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jordánia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հորդանան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հորդանան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Յորդանան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Յորդանան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yordania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E1%BB%8Ddan" title="Jọdan – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Jọdan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordania" title="Hordania – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hordania" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3rdan%C3%ADa" title="Jórdanía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jórdanía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giordania" title="Giordania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giordania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3" title="ヨルダン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨルダン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaadn" title="Jaadn – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jaadn" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jorgu%27e" title="jorgu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jorgu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yordania" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იორდანია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იორდანია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iordaniya" title="Iordaniya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Iordaniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdun" title="Urdun – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Urdun" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Йордан – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Йордан" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%94%C9%94rdaanii" title="Zɔɔrdaanii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Zɔɔrdaanii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdun" title="Urdun – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Urdun" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Yordania" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иордания" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="ហ្សកដានី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហ្សកដានី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜೋರ್ಡಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೋರ್ಡಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%EB%A5%B4%EB%8B%A8" title="요르단 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요르단" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Иордания" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88%D9%86" title="جورڈن – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جورڈن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdun" title="Urdun – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Urdun" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Иордания" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иордания" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iordania" title="Iordania – Laitin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iordania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Laitin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanien" title="Jordanien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jordanien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Иордания" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdun" title="Urdun – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Urdun" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jordanië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giordannia" title="Giordannia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Giordannia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iordania" title="Iordania – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iordania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giurdania" title="Giurdania – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Giurdania" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zordan%C3%AD" title="Zordaní – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Zordaní" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanija" title="Jordanija – Lithuanie" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jordanija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanie" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord%C4%81nija" title="Jordānija – Letts" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jordānija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letts" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Yordania" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जोर्डन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="जोर्डन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Иордания" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B4rdania" title="Jôrdania – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jôrdania" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Drano" title="Hōrano – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hōrano" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Yordania" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Јордан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јордан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ജോർദാൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോർദാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Йордан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Йордан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯖꯣꯔꯗꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯖꯣꯔꯗꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जॉर्डन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉर्डन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A0ordan" title="Ġordan – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ġordan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord%C3%A1nia" title="Jordánia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Jordánia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဂျော်ဒန်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျော်ဒန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="اوردون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوردون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giurdania" title="Giurdania – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Giurdania" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanien" title="Jordanien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jordanien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जोर्डन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जोर्डन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="जोर्दन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जोर्दन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jordanië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1%C3%A1l%C3%ADn%C3%ADb%C4%85%C4%85h_%C3%81s%C3%A1%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Náálíníbąąh Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Náálíníbąąh Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanii" title="Jordanii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Jordanii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joordaan" title="Joordaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Joordaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଜୋର୍ଡାନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜୋର୍ଡାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Иордани – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иордани" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%A8" title="ਜਾਰਡਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਾਰਡਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordanya" title="Hordanya – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Hordanya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordania" title="Hordania – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hordania" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanie" title="Jordanie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jordanie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जार्डन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="जार्डन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Polls" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polls" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giordania" title="Giordania – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Giordania" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="اردن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اردن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="اردن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اردن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord%C3%A2nia" title="Jordânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jordânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurtha%C3%B1a" title="Hurthaña – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hurthaña" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iordania" title="Iordania – Roumains" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iordania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roumains" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания – Roushien" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иордания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Roushien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Йорданьско – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Йорданьско" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorudani" title="Yorudani – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Yorudani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="जार्डन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जार्डन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Иордания" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱡᱚᱨᱰᱟᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱡᱚᱨᱰᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giord%C3%A0nia" title="Giordània – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Giordània" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giurdania" title="Giurdania – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Giurdania" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="اردن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اردن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurdun" title="Lurdun – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Lurdun" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵျေႃႇတၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵျေႃႇတၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ජෝර්දානය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෝර්දානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord%C3%A1nsko" title="Jordánsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jordánsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="اردن – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اردن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanija" title="Jordanija – Slovein" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jordanija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovein" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorodhani" title="Jorodhani – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Jorodhani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdun" title="Urdun – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Urdun" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania – Albainien" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jordania" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albainien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Јордан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јордан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanikondre" title="Jordanikondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Jordanikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJoridane" title="IJoridane – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IJoridane" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanien" title="Jordanien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Jordanien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yordania" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanien" title="Jordanien – Swaidish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jordanien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swaidish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordani" title="Yordani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yordani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorda%C5%84ijo" title="Jordańijo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Jordańijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜோர்தான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜோர்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="జోర్డాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జోర్డాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jord%C3%A1nia" title="Jordánia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Jordánia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Урдун – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Урдун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศจอร์แดน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศจอร์แดน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iordani%C3%BDa" title="Iordaniýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Iordaniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iordanij%C9%99" title="Iordanijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Iordanijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soatane" title="Soatane – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Soatane" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Crd%C3%BCn" title="Ürdün – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ürdün" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%80%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Үрдүн – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үрдүн" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Иордания – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Иордания" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئىئوردانىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىئوردانىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Йорданія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йорданія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86" title="اردن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اردن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iordaniya" title="Iordaniya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iordaniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zord%C3%A0nia" title="Zordània – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Zordània" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanii" title="Jordanii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jordanii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordani%C3%AB" title="Jordanië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Jordanië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yord%C3%A4n" title="Yordän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Yordän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordanya" title="Hordanya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hordanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordaani" title="Jordaani – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jordaani" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约旦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იორდანია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იორდანია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="יארדאניע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יארדאניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%E1%BB%8D%CC%81rd%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Jọ́rdánì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jọ́rdánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Jordan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordaoni%C3%AB" title="Jordaonië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Jordaonië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B9%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵓⵔⴹⵓⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵓⵔⴹⵓⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦 – Cheenese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约旦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cheenese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%97%A6" title="約旦 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="約旦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iok-t%C3%A0n" title="Iok-tàn – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iok-tàn" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E6%97%A6" title="約旦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="約旦" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sco" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width:22em;font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="adr" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Hashemite Kinrick o Jordan</div> <div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;">المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية (<a href="/wiki/Modren_Staundart_Arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Modren Staundart Arabic">Arabic</a>) Al-Mamlakah Al-Urdunnīyah Al-Ḥāshimīyah</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Jordan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Banner o Jordan"><img alt="Banner o Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/188px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Banner_o_Jordan" title="Banner o Jordan">Banner</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat o airms o Jordan"><img alt="Coat o airms o Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="523" /></a></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Coat_o_airms_o_Jordan" title="Coat o airms o Jordan"> Coat o airms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Motto: "God, Kintra, Keeng" <big style="font-size:115%;">الله، الوطن، الملك</big> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_leid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic leid">Arabic</a>) Allah, Al-Waṭan, Al-Malik<a href="#cite_note-king-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="anthem" style="text-align:center"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Naitional_anthem" title="Naitional anthem">Anthem</a>: (Scots: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ryal_Anthem_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Ryal Anthem o Jordan (page disna exeest)">The Ryal Anthem o Jordan</a>) <big style="font-size:115%;">السلام الملكي الأردني</big> Al-Salam Al-Malaki Al-Urdunni <center><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="37" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_Jordan_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/National_anthem_of_Jordan_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/National_anthem_of_Jordan_instrumental.ogg/National_anthem_of_Jordan_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Jordan_instrumental.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Jordan_instrumental.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Jordan_instrumental.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Jordan_instrumental.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Jordan_instrumental.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Jordan_instrumental.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></center></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Jordan_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Jordan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Jordan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Jordan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Jordan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Jordan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Jordan_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Jordan_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_JOR_-_UNOCHA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Jordan showing influential governorate centers"><img alt="Map of Jordan showing influential governorate centers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Jordan_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_JOR_-_UNOCHA.svg/250px-Jordan_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_JOR_-_UNOCHA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Jordan_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_JOR_-_UNOCHA.svg/375px-Jordan_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_JOR_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Jordan_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_JOR_-_UNOCHA.svg/500px-Jordan_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_JOR_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="254" /></a><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em;">Map of Jordan showing influential governorate centers</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Caipital <div style="font-weight:normal">and largest city</div></th><td><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r840235">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jordan&params=31_57_N_35_56_E_type:city">31°57′N 35°56′E / 31.950°N 35.933°E / 31.950; 35.933</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Offeecial leids</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modren_Standard_Arabic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modren Standard Arabic (page disna exeest)">Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"></div></th><td><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>98% <a href="/wiki/Arab_fowk" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab fowk">Arab</a></li><li>1% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circassians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circassians (page disna exeest)">Circassians</a></li><li>1% <a href="/wiki/Armenies" title="Armenies">Armenies</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_fowk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordanian fowk">Jordanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Govrenment</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitar_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitar state (page disna exeest)">Unitar</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pairlamentar_seestem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pairlamentar seestem (page disna exeest)">pairlamentar</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_keengs_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o keengs o Jordan (page disna exeest)">Keeng</a> </div></th><td><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_o_Jordan" title="Abdullah II o Jordan">Abdullah II</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prime_Meenister_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prime Meenister o Jordan (page disna exeest)">Prime Meenister</a> </div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisher_Al-Khasawneh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisher Al-Khasawneh (page disna exeest)">Bisher Al-Khasawneh</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Legislatur</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pairlament_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pairlament o Jordan (page disna exeest)">Pairlament</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_house&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Upper house (page disna exeest)">Upper house</a></div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanian_Senate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanian Senate (page disna exeest)">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_house&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower house (page disna exeest)">Lower house</a></div></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanian_Hoose_o_Representatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanian Hoose o Representatives (page disna exeest)">Hoose o Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Unthirldom" title="Unthirldom">Unthirldom</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;">frae <a href="/wiki/Unitit_Kinrick" title="Unitit Kinrick">Breetain</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Emirate_o_Transjordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Emirate o Transjordan (page disna exeest)">The Emirate o Transjordan</a> </div></th><td>11 Apryle 1921</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=League_o_Naitions_mandate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="League o Naitions mandate (page disna exeest)">The Hashemite Kinrick o Jordan</a> </div></th><td>25 May 1946</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;">Aurie</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Total</div></th><td>89,341 km2 (34,495 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/Leet_o_kintras_an_dependencies_bi_aurie" class="mw-redirect" title="Leet o kintras an dependencies bi aurie">112t</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 2018 estimate</div></th><td>10,171,480<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leet_o_kintras_an_dependencies_bi_population" class="mw-redirect" title="Leet o kintras an dependencies bi population">88t</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 2015 census</div></th><td>9,531,712<a href="#cite_note-census-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Density</div></th><td>114/km2 (295.3/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/Leet_o_kintras_an_territories_bi_population_density" title="Leet o kintras an territories bi population density">106t</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Purchasin_pouer_parity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purchasin pouer parity (page disna exeest)">PPP</a>)</th><td>2018 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Total</div></th><td>$93.159 billion<a href="#cite_note-GDP-4">[4]</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_kintras_bi_GDP_(PPP)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o kintras bi GDP (PPP) (page disna exeest)">87t</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Per capita</div></th><td>$9,406<a href="#cite_note-GDP-4">[4]</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_kintras_bi_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o kintras bi GDP (PPP) per capita (page disna exeest)">86t</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> (nominal)</th><td>2018 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Tot</div></th><td>$41.869 billion<a href="#cite_note-GDP-4">[4]</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_kintras_bi_GDP_(nominal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o kintras bi GDP (nominal) (page disna exeest)">92nt</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Per capita</div></th><td>$4,228<a href="#cite_note-GDP-4">[4]</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_kintras_bi_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o kintras bi GDP (nominal) per capita (page disna exeest)">95th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gini_coefficient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gini coefficient (page disna exeest)">Gini</a> (2011)</th><td>35.4<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> medium · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_kintras_bi_income_equality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o kintras bi income equality (page disna exeest)">79t</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2017)</th><td><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.735<a href="#cite_note-HDI-6">[6]</a> heich · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_kintras_bi_Human_Development_Index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o kintras bi Human Development Index (page disna exeest)">95t</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Currency</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanian_dinar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanian dinar (page disna exeest)">Dinar</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">JOD</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row">Time zone</th><td><a href="/wiki/Coordinatit_Universal_Time" title="Coordinatit Universal Time">UTC</a>+2 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastren_European_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastren European Time (page disna exeest)">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylicht_savin_time" title="Daylicht savin time">DST</a>)</div></th><td><a href="/wiki/Coordinatit_Universal_Time" title="Coordinatit Universal Time">UTC</a>+3 (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastren_European_Simmer_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastren European Simmer Time (page disna exeest)">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caur-_an_richt-haund_traffic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caur- an richt-haund traffic (page disna exeest)">Drivin side</a></th><td>ri ht</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Cawin code</th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephone_nummers_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telephone nummers in Jordan (page disna exeest)">+962</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166 (page disna exeest)">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:JO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:JO (page disna exeest)">JO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kintra_code_tap-level_domain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kintra code tap-level domain (page disna exeest)">Internet TLD</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/.jo" class="mw-redirect" title=".jo">.jo</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=.%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".الاردن (page disna exeest)">.الاردن</a>‎</td></tr></tbody></table> Jordan (/ˈdʒɔrdən/), offeecially the Hashemite Kinrick o Jordan, an forby kent as the JK (short for The Jordanian Kinrick), is a kinrick on the East Bank o the <a href="/wiki/River_Jordan" title="River Jordan">River Jordan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wastren_Asie" class="mw-redirect" title="Wastren Asie">Wastren Asie</a>. It haes mairches wi <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabie" title="Saudi Arabie">Saudi Arabie</a> sooth-eastlins, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> eastlins, <a href="/wiki/Sirie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirie">Sirie</a> norlins an <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> an <a href="/wiki/State_o_Palestine" title="State o Palestine">Palestine</a> tae the wast, sharin control o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dead_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dead Sea (page disna exeest)">Dead Sea</a>. Jordan's anerlie port is at its soothren tip, at the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_o_Aqaba" title="Gulf o Aqaba">Gulf o Aqaba</a>, whilk is skared wi Israel, <a href="/wiki/Egyp" title="Egyp">Egyp</a>, an Saudi Arabie. Hantle o Jordan is kivered bi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabian_Desert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabian Desert (page disna exeest)">Arabian Desert</a>. Housomeivver, the north-wastren pairt o Jordan is pairt o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fertile_Crescent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fertile Crescent (page disna exeest)">Fertile Crescent</a>. The caipital ceety is <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>. Throu its <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History o Jordan (page disna exeest)">history</a>, Jordan haes seen a thrang o ceevilizations, includin sic auncient near eastren anes as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canaan (page disna exeest)">Canaanites</a> an later ither <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semitic (page disna exeest)">Semitic</a> fowks lik the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edomite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edomite (page disna exeest)">Edomites</a>, an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moab (page disna exeest)">Moabites</a>. Ither ceevilizations possessin poleetical sovereignty an influence in Jordan wur: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akkadian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akkadian Empire (page disna exeest)">Akkadian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Assyrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Assyrie (page disna exeest)">Assyrian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Israelite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israelite (page disna exeest)">Israelite</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Judean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judean (page disna exeest)">Judean</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Babylonian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Babylonian (page disna exeest)">Babylonian</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Persian Empire (page disna exeest)">Persian</a> empires. The lands o Jordan wur for a time unner the rule o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharaonic_Egyp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharaonic Egyp (page disna exeest)">Pharaonic Egyp</a>, componed pairt o the greater <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Israel_(unitit_monarchy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Israel (unitit monarchy) (page disna exeest)">Kinrick o Israel</a> (includin the later <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Judah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Judah (page disna exeest)">Judaean Kinrick</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasmonean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasmonean (page disna exeest)">Hasmonaen Kinrick o Israel</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herodian_Dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herodian Dynasty (page disna exeest)">Herodian Dynasty</a>), an notably, the region o Jordan gied birth tae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabataean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabataean (page disna exeest)">Nabataean</a> ceevilisation an aw, whilk left rich airchaeological remains at <a href="/wiki/Petra" title="Petra">Petra</a>, ane o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Seiven_Wonders_o_the_Warld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Seiven Wonders o the Warld (page disna exeest)">New Seiven Wonders o the Warld</a> locatit in the <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_Govrenorate" title="Ma'an Govrenorate">Ma'an Govrenorate</a>. Cultur faurer wast left their mark an aa, like the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Macedonian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hellenistic (page disna exeest)">Hellenistic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Turkis</a> empires. Syne the seivent century C.E., the area haes been unner the primary rule o <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> an <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> cultur, wi the exceptions briefly for the area in wastren Jordan that wis pairt o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crusades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crusades (page disna exeest)">Crusader</a> <a href="/wiki/Kinrick_o_Jerusalem" title="Kinrick o Jerusalem">Kinrick o Jerusalem</a>, an for the hale region in the early-mid twintiet century C.E. unner <a href="/wiki/Breetish_Empire" title="Breetish Empire">Breetish rule</a> whilk led tae Jordan's establishment as an autonomous state. The <a href="/wiki/Hashemite" title="Hashemite">Hashemite</a> Kinrick o Jordan is a constitutional monarchy wi representative govrenment. The reignin monarch is the chief executive an the commander-in-chief o the airmed forces. The king exercises his executive authority through the prime meenisters an the Cooncil o Meenisters, or cabinet. The cabinet, atween hauns, is responsible afore the democratically elect Hoose o Deputies whilk, alang wi the Hoose o Notables (Senate), constitutes the legislative branch o the govrenment. The judicial branch is an independent branch o the govrenment. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Eedit section: Etymology" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etymology">eedit soorce</a>]</div> Jordan taks its name frae the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> that forms muckle o the kintra's northwastren mairch.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_factbook-7">[7]</a> While several theories for the oreegin o the river's name hae been proponed, it is maist plausible that it derives frae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semitic_leids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semitic leids (page disna exeest)">Semitic</a> wird Yarad, meanin "the descender", reflectin the river's declivity.<a href="#cite_note-etm1-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Eedit section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: History">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main airticle: <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History o Jordan (page disna exeest)">History o Jordan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auncient_period">Auncient period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Eedit section: Auncient period" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Auncient period">eedit soorce</a>]</div> The auldest evidence o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hominid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hominid (page disna exeest)">hominid</a> habitation in Jordan dates back at least 200,000 year.<a href="#cite_note-KOJ-9">[9]</a> Jordan is rich in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paleolithic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paleolithic (page disna exeest)">Paleolithic</a> (up tae 20,000 year agae) remeens due tae its location within the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> whaur expansions o hominids oot o Africae converged.<a href="#cite_note-chap-paleolithic-10">[10]</a> Past lakeshore environments attracted different hominids, and several remains of tools have been found from this period.<a href="#cite_note-chap-paleolithic-10">[10]</a> The warld's auldest evidence o breid-makin wis foond in a 14,500 year auld <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natufian_cultur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natufian cultur (page disna exeest)">Natufian</a> steid in Jordan's northeastren desert.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The transeetion frae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunter-gaitherer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunter-gaitherer (page disna exeest)">hunter-gaitherer</a> tae establishin populous agricultural veelages occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period (10,000–4,500 BC).<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27Ain_Ghazal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'Ain Ghazal (page disna exeest)">'Ain Ghazal</a>, ane sic veelage locatit in the day's eastren <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, is ane o the lairgest kent prehistoric settlements in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Near_East&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near East (page disna exeest)">Near East</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Fortifee'd touns an urban centres first emerged in the soothren Levant early on in the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> (3600–1200 BC).<a href="#cite_note-atlas11-14">[14]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_Feynan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi Feynan (page disna exeest)">Wadi Feynan</a> becam a regional centre for capper extraction, that wis exploitit on a lairge-scale tae produce bronze.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Tred an muivement o fowk in the Middle East peaked, spreidin an refinin ceevilisations.<a href="#cite_note-atlas12-16">[16]</a> Veelages in Transjordan expandit fest in areas wi reliable watter resoorces an agricultural laund.<a href="#cite_note-atlas12-16">[16]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auncient_Egyp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auncient Egyp (page disna exeest)">Auncient Egyptians</a> expandit taewart the Levant an controlled baith banks o the Jordan River.<a href="#cite_note-atlas13-17">[17]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Airn_Age" title="Airn Age">Airn Age</a> (1200–332 BC) efter the widrawal o the Egyptians, Transjordan wis hame tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ammon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ammon (page disna exeest)">Ammon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edom (page disna exeest)">Edom</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moab (page disna exeest)">Moab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AEM-18">[18]</a> Thay spaik Semitic leids o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canaanite_leids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canaanite leids (page disna exeest)">Canaanite group</a>, an are conseedert tae be tribal kinricks raither nor states.<a href="#cite_note-AEM-18">[18]</a> Ammon wis locatit in the Amman plateau; Moab in the hielands east o the Deid Sea; an Edom in the aera aroond <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_Araba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi Araba (page disna exeest)">Wadi Araba</a> doun sooth.<a href="#cite_note-AEM-18">[18]</a> Thir Transjordanian kinricks war in continuous conflict wi the neebourin Ebreu kinricks o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Israel_(Samarie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Israel (Samarie) (page disna exeest)">Israel</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Judah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Judah (page disna exeest)">Judah</a>, centred wast o the Jordan River–tho the umwhile wis kent tae hae at times controlled smaw pairts east o the river.<a href="#cite_note-harrison-19">[19]</a> Ane record o this is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesha_Stele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesha Stele (page disna exeest)">Mesha Stele</a> erectit bi the Moabite king <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesha (page disna exeest)">Mesha</a> in 840 BC on that he lauds himsel for the biggin projects that he initiatit in Moab an commemorates his glory an veectory against the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Israelites&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israelites (page disna exeest)">Israelites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-rollston-20">[20]</a> The stele constitutes ane o the maist important direct accoonts o Biblical history.<a href="#cite_note-mesha-louvre-21">[21]</a> Aroond 700 BC, the kinricks benefitit frae tred atween Sirie an Arabie whan the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Assirian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-Assirian Empire (page disna exeest)">Assirian Empire</a> controlled the Levant.<a href="#cite_note-chap-iron-22">[22]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neo-Babylonian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire (page disna exeest)">Babylonians</a> teuk ower the empire efter its disintegration in 627 BC.<a href="#cite_note-chap-iron-22">[22]</a> Awtho the kinricks supportit the Babylonians against Judah in the 597 BC <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_o_Jerusalem_(597_BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege o Jerusalem (597 BC) (page disna exeest)">sack o Jerusalem</a>, they rebelled against them a decade later.<a href="#cite_note-chap-iron-22">[22]</a> The kinricks war reduced tae vassals, an thay remeened tae be sae unner the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(auncient_kinrick)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macedonia (auncient kinrick) (page disna exeest)">Hellenic</a> Empires.<a href="#cite_note-chap-iron-22">[22]</a> Houiver, bi the time o <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman rule</a> aroond 63 BC, Ammon, Edom an Moab haed lost thair distinct identities, an war assimilatit intae Roman cultur.<a href="#cite_note-AEM-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clessical_period">Clessical period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Eedit section: Clessical period" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Clessical period">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Khazneh_Petra_edit_2_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Al_Khazneh_Petra_edit_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Al_Khazneh_Petra_edit_2_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Al_Khazneh_Petra_edit_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Al_Khazneh_Petra_edit_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Al_Khazneh_Petra_edit_2_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Al_Khazneh_Petra_edit_2_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1683" data-file-height="2517" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khazneh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Khazneh (page disna exeest)">Al-Khazneh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Petra" title="Petra">Petra</a> (c. 1st century AD), is believed tae be the mausoleum o the Arab <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabataean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabataean (page disna exeest)">Nabataean</a> Keeng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aretas_IV_Philopatris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aretas IV Philopatris (page disna exeest)">Aretas IV</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wars_o_Alexander_the_Great&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wars o Alexander the Great (page disna exeest)">conquest</a> o the Persie Empire in 332 BC introduced <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_period&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hellenistic period (page disna exeest)">Hellenistic</a> cultur tae the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199810-23">[23]</a> Efter Alexander's daith in 323 BC, the empire split amang his generals, an in the end muckle o Transjordan wis disputit atween the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemaic_kinrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ptolemaic kinrick (page disna exeest)">Ptolemies</a> based in Egyp an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seleucids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seleucids (page disna exeest)">Seleucids</a> based in Sirie.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199810-23">[23]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabataeans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabataeans (page disna exeest)">Nabataeans</a>, nomadic Arabs based sooth o Edom, managed tae establish an independent kinrick in 169 BC bi exploitin the struggle atween the twa Greek pouers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199810-23">[23]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nabataean_Kinrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nabataean Kinrick (page disna exeest)">Nabataean Kinrick</a> controlled muckle o the tred routes o the region, an it stretched sooth alang the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reid_Sea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reid Sea (page disna exeest)">Reid Sea</a> coast intae the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> desert, up tae as faur north as <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, that it controlled for a short period (85–71) BC.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200151-24">[24]</a> The Nabataeans massed a fortune from their control of the trade routes, often drawing the envy of their neighbors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200130-25">[25]</a> <a href="/wiki/Petra" title="Petra">Petra</a>, Nabataea's barren caipital, floorished in the 1st century AD, driven bi its extensive watter irrigation sestems an agricultur.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200170-26">[26]</a> The Nabataeans war an aw talentit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stane_cairvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stane cairvin (page disna exeest)">stane cairvers</a>, biggin thair maist elaborate structur, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khazneh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Khazneh (page disna exeest)">Al-Khazneh</a>, in the first century AD.<a href="#cite_note-petra-27">[27]</a> It is believed tae be the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> o the Arab Nabataean King <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aretas_IV_Philopatris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aretas IV Philopatris (page disna exeest)">Aretas IV</a>.<a href="#cite_note-petra-27">[27]</a> Roman legions unner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pompey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pompey (page disna exeest)">Pompey</a> conquered muckle o the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> in 63 BC, inauguratin a period o Roman rule that lastit fower centuries.<a href="#cite_note-roman-28">[28]</a> In 106 AD, Emperor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trajan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trajan (page disna exeest)">Trajan</a> annexed Nabataea unopponed, an rebiggit the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keeng%27s_Heichwey_(auncient)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keeng's Heichwey (auncient) (page disna exeest)">Keeng's Heichwey</a> that becam kent as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Traiana_Nova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Traiana Nova (page disna exeest)">Via Traiana Nova</a> road.<a href="#cite_note-roman-28">[28]</a> The Romans gae the Greek ceeties o Transjordan–Philadelphia (Amman), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerash (page disna exeest)">Gerasa</a> (Jerash), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_Qays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm Qays (page disna exeest)">Gedara</a> (Umm Qays), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pella (page disna exeest)">Pella</a> (Tabaqat Fahl) an <a href="/wiki/Irbid" title="Irbid">Arbila</a> (Irbid)–an ither Hellenistic ceeties in Palestine an soothren Sirie, a level o autonomy bi formin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decapolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decapolis (page disna exeest)">Decapolis</a>, a ten-ceety league.<a href="#cite_note-atlas15-29">[29]</a> Jerash is ane o the best preserved Roman ceeties in the East; it wis even veesitit bi Emperor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hadrian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hadrian (page disna exeest)">Hadrian</a> in his jurney tae Palestine.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerash_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jerash_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Jerash_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jerash_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Jerash_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Jerash_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Jerash_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2484" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>The Oval Forum o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerash (page disna exeest)">Jerash</a> (c. 1st century AD), then pairt o the ten-ceety Roman league, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decapolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decapolis (page disna exeest)">Decapolis</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 324 AD, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> split, an the Eastren Roman Empire–later kent as the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>–conteena'd to control or influence the region till 636 AD.<a href="#cite_note-byzantine-31">[31]</a> Christianity haed become legal within the empire in 313 AD an the offeecial state releegion in 390 AD, efter Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a> convertit tae Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-byzantine-31">[31]</a> Transjordan prospered in the Byzantine era, an Christian kirks war biggit iverywhaur.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199814-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aqaba_Kirk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aqaba Kirk (page disna exeest)">Aqaba Kirk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Ayla</a> wis biggit in this era, it is conseedert tae be the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leet_o_auldest_kirk_biggins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leet o auldest kirk biggins (page disna exeest)">warld's first purpose biggit Christian kirk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_ar-Rasas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm ar-Rasas (page disna exeest)">Umm ar-Rasas</a> in soothren Amman conteens at least 16 Byzantine kirks.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Meanwhile, Petra's importance declined as sea tred routes emerged, an efter a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galilee_yirdquauk_o_363&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galilee yirdquauk o 363 (page disna exeest)">363 yirdquauk</a> destroyed mony structurs, till it becam an abandoned place.<a href="#cite_note-petra-27">[27]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sassanian_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sassanian Empire (page disna exeest)">Sassanian Empire</a> in the east becam the Byzantines' rivals, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Byzantine%E2%80%93Sasanian_wars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Byzantine–Sasanian wars (page disna exeest)">frequent confrontations</a> whiles led tae the Sassanids controllin some pairts o the region, includin Transjordan.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_era">Islamic era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Eedit section: Islamic era" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Islamic era">eedit soorce</a>]</div> In 629 AD, in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Mu%27tah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Mu'tah (page disna exeest)">Battle o Mu'tah</a> in whit is the day <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Karak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Karak (page disna exeest)">Al-Karak</a>, the Byzantines an thair Arab Christian clients, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghassanids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghassanids (page disna exeest)">Ghassanids</a>, staved aff an attack bi a Muslim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rashidun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rashidun (page disna exeest)">Rashidun</a> force that mairched northwart taewart the Levant frae the Hejaz (in modren-day Saudi Arabie).<a href="#cite_note-Bowersock-36">[36]</a> The Byzantines houiver war defeatit bi the Muslims in 636 AD at the decisive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Yarmouk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Yarmouk (page disna exeest)">Battle o Yarmouk</a> juist north o Transjordan.<a href="#cite_note-Bowersock-36">[36]</a> Transjordan wis an essential territory for the conquest o Damascus.<a href="#cite_note-mus-37">[37]</a> The first, or Rashidun, <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliphate</a> wis follaed bi that o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ummayad_Caliphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ummayad Caliphate (page disna exeest)">Ummayads</a> (661–750).<a href="#cite_note-mus-37">[37]</a> Unner the Umayyad Caliphate, several <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desert_castles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desert castles (page disna exeest)">desert castles</a> war constructit in Transjordan, includin: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasr_Al-Mshatta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qasr Al-Mshatta (page disna exeest)">Qasr Al-Mshatta</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasr_Al-Hallabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qasr Al-Hallabat (page disna exeest)">Qasr Al-Hallabat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mus-37">[37]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>'s campaign tae tak ower the Umayyad's begoud in Transjordan.<a href="#cite_note-atlas-38">[38]</a> A pouerfu 747 AD yirdquauk is thocht tae have contreibutit tae the Umayyads defeat tae the Abbasids, that muived the caliphate's caipital frae Damascus tae Baghdad.<a href="#cite_note-atlas-38">[38]</a> In Abbasid rule (750–969), several Arab tribes muived northwart an settled in the Levant.<a href="#cite_note-mus-37">[37]</a> Concurrently, growthe o maritime tred diminished Transjordan's central poseetion, an the area becam increasinly povereesed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199821-39">[39]</a> Efter the decline o the Abbasids, Transjordan wis ruled bi the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid Caliphate</a> (969–1070), then bi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crusades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crusades (page disna exeest)">Crusader</a> <a href="/wiki/Kinrick_o_Jerusalem" title="Kinrick o Jerusalem">Kinrick o Jerusalem</a> (1115–1187).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199822-40">[40]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kerak_BW_1_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kerak_BW_1_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Kerak_BW_1_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kerak_BW_1_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Kerak_BW_1_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kerak_BW_1_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Kerak_BW_1_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3098" data-file-height="2074" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerak_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerak Castle (page disna exeest)">Karak Castle</a> (c. 12t century AD) biggit bi the <a href="/wiki/Kinrick_o_Jerusalem" title="Kinrick o Jerusalem">Crusaders</a>, an later expandit unner the Muslim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayyubids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayyubids (page disna exeest)">Ayyubids</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamluks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamluks (page disna exeest)">Mamluks</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Crusaders constructit several Crusader castles as pairt o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lairdship_o_Oultrejordain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lairdship o Oultrejordain (page disna exeest)">Lairdship o Oultrejordain</a>, includin thae o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montreal_(Crusader_castle)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montreal (Crusader castle) (page disna exeest)">Montreal</a> an Al-Karak.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The Ayyubids biggit the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajloun_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajloun Castle (page disna exeest)">Ajloun Castle</a> an rebiggit aulder castles, tae be uised as militar ootposts against the Crusaders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199823-42">[42]</a> In the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Hattin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Hattin (page disna exeest)">Battle o Hattin</a> (1187) near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loch_Tiberias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loch Tiberias (page disna exeest)">Loch Tiberias</a> juist north o Transjordan, the Crusaders lost tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saladin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saladin (page disna exeest)">Saladin</a>, the foonder o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayyubid_dynasty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayyubid dynasty (page disna exeest)">Ayyubid dynasty</a> (1187–1260).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199823-42">[42]</a> Veelages in Transjordan unner the Ayyubids becam important staps for Muslim pilgrims gaein tae <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> that traivelled alang the route that connected Sirie tae the Hejaz.<a href="#cite_note-atlas1-43">[43]</a> Several o the Ayyubid castles war uised an expandit bi the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) (page disna exeest)">Mamluks</a> (1260–1516), that dividit Transjordan atween the provinces o Karak an Damascus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199825-44">[44]</a> In the next century Transjordan experienced Mongol attacks, but the Mongols war ultimately repelled bi the Mamluks efter the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Ain_Jalut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Ain Jalut (page disna exeest)">Battle o Ain Jalut</a> (1260).<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In 1516, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Caliphate</a>'s forces <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman%E2%80%93Mamluk_War_(1516%E2%80%9317)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17) (page disna exeest)">conquered Mamluk territory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199826-46">[46]</a> Agricultural veelages in Transjordan witnessed a period o relative prosperity in the 16t century, but war later abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-VSS-47">[47]</a> Transjordan wis o mairginal importance tae the Ottoman authorities.<a href="#cite_note-atlas10-48">[48]</a> As a result, Ottoman presence wis virtually absent an reduced tae annual tax collection veesits.<a href="#cite_note-VSS-47">[47]</a> Mair Arab bedouin tribes muived intae Transjordan frae Sirie an the Hejaz in the first three centuries o Ottoman rule, includin the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adwan (page disna exeest)">Adwan</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bani_Sakhr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bani Sakhr (page disna exeest)">Bani Sakhr</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Howeitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howeitat (page disna exeest)">Howeitat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199826,_27-49">[49]</a> Thir tribes laid claims tae different pairts o the region, an wi the absence o a meaninfu Ottoman authority, Transjordan slid intae a state o anarchy that conteena'd till the 19t century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199827-50">[50]</a> This led tae a short-leeved occupation bi the <a href="/wiki/Wahhabi" title="Wahhabi">Wahhabi</a> forces (1803–1812), an ultra-orthodox Islamic muivement that emerged in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_o_Diriyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emirate o Diriyah (page disna exeest)">Najd</a> (in modren-day Saudi Arabie).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199830-51">[51]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibrahim_Pasha_o_Egyp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibrahim Pasha o Egyp (page disna exeest)">Ibrahim Pasha</a>, son o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Ali_o_Egyp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhammad Ali o Egyp (page disna exeest)">govrenor</a> o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyp_Eyalet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyp Eyalet (page disna exeest)">Egyp Eyalet</a> unner the request o the Ottoman sultan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman%E2%80%93Wahhabi_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottoman–Wahhabi War (page disna exeest)">ruitit oot the Wahhabis</a> bi 1818.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199831-52">[52]</a> In 1833 Ibrahim Pasha turned on the Ottomans an established his rule ower the Levant.<a href="#cite_note-cup-53">[53]</a> His oppressive policies led tae the unsuccessfu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peasants%27_revolt_in_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peasants' revolt in Palestine (page disna exeest)">peasants' revolt in Palestine</a> in 1834.<a href="#cite_note-cup-53">[53]</a> Transjordanian ceeties o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Salt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Salt (page disna exeest)">Al-Salt</a> an Al-Karak war <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_o_Al-Karak_(1834)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege o Al-Karak (1834) (page disna exeest)">destroyed</a> bi Ibrahim Pasha's forces for herbourin a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qasim_al-Ahmad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qasim al-Ahmad (page disna exeest)">paisants' revolt leader</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cup-53">[53]</a> Egyptian rule wis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Egyptian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1839%E2%80%9341)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–41) (page disna exeest)">forcibly endit</a> in 1841, wi Ottoman rule restored.<a href="#cite_note-cup-53">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ajloun_Castle_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ajloun_Castle_1.jpg/220px-Ajloun_Castle_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ajloun_Castle_1.jpg/330px-Ajloun_Castle_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ajloun_Castle_1.jpg/440px-Ajloun_Castle_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6011" data-file-height="3115" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajloun_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajloun Castle (page disna exeest)">Ajloun Castle</a> (c. 12t century AD) biggit bi the Ayyubid leader <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saladin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saladin (page disna exeest)">Saladin</a> for uise against the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Crusades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crusades (page disna exeest)">Crusades</a>.</figcaption></figure> Anerly after Ibrahim Pasha's campaign did the Ottoman Empire try tae solitifee its presence in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syria_Vilayet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syria Vilayet (page disna exeest)">Syria Vilayet</a>, that Transjordan wis pairt o.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199837-54">[54]</a> A series o tax an laund reforms (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanzimat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanzimat (page disna exeest)">Tanzimat</a>) in 1864 brocht some prosperity back tae agricultur an tae abandoned veelages, while it provoked a backlash in ither areas o Transjordan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199837-54">[54]</a> Muslim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circassians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circassians (page disna exeest)">Circassians</a> an <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a>, fleein Roushie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_cleansin_o_Circassians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethnic cleansin o Circassians (page disna exeest)">persecution</a>, socht refuge in the Levant.<a href="#cite_note-leg-55">[55]</a> In Transjordan an wi Ottoman support, Circassians first settled in the lang-abandoned vicinity o Amman in 1867, an later in the surroondin veelages.<a href="#cite_note-leg-55">[55]</a> Efter haein established its admeenistration, conscription an hivy taxation policies bi the Ottoman authorities, led tae revolts in the areas it controlled.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199838-56">[56]</a> Transjordan's tribes in pairteecular revoltit in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoubak_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoubak Revolt (page disna exeest)">Shoubak</a> (1905) an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karak_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karak Revolt (page disna exeest)">Karak Revolts</a> (1910), that war brutally suppressed.<a href="#cite_note-leg-55">[55]</a> The construction o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_Railwey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hejaz Railwey (page disna exeest)">Hejaz Railwey</a> in 1908–stretchin athort the lenth o Transjordan an airtin Mecca wi <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>–helped the population economically as Transjordan becam a stapower for pilgrimers.<a href="#cite_note-leg-55">[55]</a> Houiver, increasin policies o Turkification an centralisation adoptit bi the Ottoman Empire disenchantit the Arabs o the Levant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199833-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modren_era">Modren era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Eedit section: Modren era" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Modren era">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main airticle: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_of_Transjordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emirate of Transjordan (page disna exeest)">Emirate of Transjordan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:030Arab_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/030Arab_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-030Arab_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/030Arab_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-030Arab_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/030Arab_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-030Arab_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Sodgers o the Hashemite-led <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Airmy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Airmy (page disna exeest)">Arab Airmy</a> haudin the <a href="/wiki/Banner_o_the_Arab_Revolt" title="Banner o the Arab Revolt">banner</a> o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Revolt (page disna exeest)">Great Arab Revolt</a> in 1916.</figcaption></figure> Fower centuries o stagnation in Ottoman rule cam tae an end in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="World War I">World War I</a> bi the 1916 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Revolt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Revolt (page disna exeest)">Arab Revolt</a>; driven bi lang-term resentment taewart the Ottoman authorities, an growin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_naitionalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab naitionalism (page disna exeest)">Arab naitionalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-leg-55">[55]</a> The revolt wis led bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharif_o_Mecca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharif o Mecca (page disna exeest)">Sharif</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hussein_bin_Ali,_Sharif_o_Mecca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hussein bin Ali, Sharif o Mecca (page disna exeest)">Hussein</a> o <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, an his sons <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_o_Jordan" title="Abdullah I o Jordan">Abdullah</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faisal_I_o_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faisal I o Iraq (page disna exeest)">Faisal</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_o_Hejaz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali o Hejaz (page disna exeest)">Ali</a>, members o the <a href="/wiki/Hashemites" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemites">Hashemite dynasty</a> o the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a>, descendants o the Prophet <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-leg-55">[55]</a> Locally, the revolt gained the support o the Transjordanian tribes, includin Bedouins, Circassians an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanian_Christians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanian Christians (page disna exeest)">Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199841-58">[58]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allies_o_World_War_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Allies o World War I (page disna exeest)">Allies o World War I</a>, includin Breetain an Fraunce, that's imperial interests converged wi the Arabist cause, offered support.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199840-59">[59]</a> The revolt stairtit on 5 Juin 1916 frae <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> an pushed northwart till the fechting reached Transjordan in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Aqaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Aqaba (page disna exeest)">Battle o Aqaba</a> on 6 Julie 1917.<a href="#cite_note-revolt-60">[60]</a> The revolt reached its climax whan Faisal entered <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> in October 1918, an established the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Kinrick_o_Sirie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Kinrick o Sirie (page disna exeest)">Arab Kinrick o Sirie</a>, that Transjordan wis pairt o.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199841-58">[58]</a> The nascent Hashemite Kinrick wis forced tae surrender tae French truips on 24 Julie 1920 in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Maysalun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Maysalun (page disna exeest)">Battle o Maysalun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Arab aspirations failed tae gain internaitional recogneetion, due mainly tae the saicret 1916 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Greement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sykes–Picot Greement (page disna exeest)">Sykes–Picot Greement</a>, that dividit the region intae French an Breetish spheres o influence, an the 1917 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balfour_Declaration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balfour Declaration (page disna exeest)">Balfour Declaration</a>, that promised Palestine tae Jews.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199834-62">[62]</a> This wis seen bi the Hashemites an the Arabs as a betrayal o thair previous greements wi the Breetish,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199871-63">[63]</a> includin the 1915 <a href="/w/index.php?title=McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence (page disna exeest)">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a>, in that the Breetish stated thair willinness tae recognise the unthirldom of a unifee'd Arab state stretchin frae <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> tae <a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a> unner the rule o the Hashemites.<a href="#cite_note-tell2013-64">[64]</a>:55 Abdullah, the seicont son o Sharif Hussein, arrived frae Hejaz bi train in <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an" title="Ma'an">Ma'an</a> in soothren Transjordan on 21 November 1920 tae redeem the Kinrick his brither haed lost.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199882-65">[65]</a> Transjordan then wis in disarray; widely conseedert tae be ungovrenable wi its dysfunctional local govrenments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199891-66">[66]</a> Abdullah then moved tae Amman an established the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emirate_o_Transjordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emirate o Transjordan (page disna exeest)">Emirate o Transjordan</a> on 11 Apryle 1921.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199893-67">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_high_commissioner%27s_first_visit_to_Transjordan,_in_Es-Salt..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_high_commissioner%27s_first_visit_to_Transjordan%2C_in_Es-Salt..jpg/220px-The_high_commissioner%27s_first_visit_to_Transjordan%2C_in_Es-Salt..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_high_commissioner%27s_first_visit_to_Transjordan%2C_in_Es-Salt..jpg/330px-The_high_commissioner%27s_first_visit_to_Transjordan%2C_in_Es-Salt..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/The_high_commissioner%27s_first_visit_to_Transjordan%2C_in_Es-Salt..jpg/440px-The_high_commissioner%27s_first_visit_to_Transjordan%2C_in_Es-Salt..jpg 2x" data-file-width="4588" data-file-height="3292" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Salt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Salt (page disna exeest)">Al-Salt</a> residents gaither on 20 August 1920 in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breetish_Mandate_for_Palestine_(legal_instrument)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breetish Mandate for Palestine (legal instrument) (page disna exeest)">Breetish</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heich_Commissioners_for_Palestine_an_Transjordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heich Commissioners for Palestine an Transjordan (page disna exeest)">Heich Commissioner</a>'s veesit tae Transjordan.</figcaption></figure> The Breetish reluctantly acceptit Abdullah as ruler o Transjordan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199896-68">[68]</a> Abdullah gained the trust o Tansjordan's tribal leaders afore scrammlin tae convince them o the benefits o an organised govrenment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi1998100-69">[69]</a> Abdullah's successes drew the envy o the Breetish, even whan it wis in thair interest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi1998101-70">[70]</a> In September 1922, the Cooncil o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=League_o_Naitions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="League o Naitions (page disna exeest)">League o Naitions</a> recognised Transjordan as a state unner the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Breetish_Mandate_for_Palestine_(legal_instrument)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Breetish Mandate for Palestine (legal instrument) (page disna exeest)">Breetish Mandate for Palestine</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transjordan_memorandum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transjordan memorandum (page disna exeest)">Transjordan memorandum</a>, an excludit the territories east o the Jordan River frae the provisions o the mandate dealin wi Jewish settlement.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Transjordan remeened a Breetish mandate till 1946, but it haed been grantit a greater level o autonomy nor the region wast o the Jordan River.<a href="#cite_note-protectorate-73">[73]</a> The first organised airmy in Jordan wis established on 22 October 1920, an wis named the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Legion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Legion (page disna exeest)">Arab Legion</a>".<a href="#cite_note-modernjordan-74">[74]</a> The Legion grew frae 150 men in 1920 tae 8,000 in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-encmew-75">[75]</a> Multiple difficulties emerged upon the assumption o pouer in the region bi the Hashemite leadership.<a href="#cite_note-modernjordan-74">[74]</a> In Transjordan, smaw local rebellions at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kura_Rebellion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kura Rebellion (page disna exeest)">Kura</a> in 1921 an 1923 war suppressed bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emir (page disna exeest)">Emir</a> Abdullah wi the help o Breetish forces.<a href="#cite_note-modernjordan-74">[74]</a> Wahhabis frae Najd regained strenth an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikhwan_raids_on_Transjordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikhwan raids on Transjordan (page disna exeest)">repeatitly raidit</a> the soothren pairts o his territory in (1922–1924), seriously threitenin the Emir's poseetion.<a href="#cite_note-modernjordan-74">[74]</a> The Emir wis unable tae repel thae raids withoot the aid o the local Bedouin tribes an the Breetish, that mainteened a militar base wi a smaw <a href="/wiki/Ryal_Air_Force" title="Ryal Air Force">RAF</a> detachment close tae Amman.<a href="#cite_note-modernjordan-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-unthirldom">Post-unthirldom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Eedit section: Post-unthirldom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Post-unthirldom">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Abdullah_I_of_Jordan_declaring_independence,_25_May_1946.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/King_Abdullah_I_of_Jordan_declaring_independence%2C_25_May_1946.jpg/220px-King_Abdullah_I_of_Jordan_declaring_independence%2C_25_May_1946.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/King_Abdullah_I_of_Jordan_declaring_independence%2C_25_May_1946.jpg/330px-King_Abdullah_I_of_Jordan_declaring_independence%2C_25_May_1946.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/King_Abdullah_I_of_Jordan_declaring_independence%2C_25_May_1946.jpg/440px-King_Abdullah_I_of_Jordan_declaring_independence%2C_25_May_1946.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_I_o_Jordan" title="Abdullah I o Jordan">Keeng Abdullah I</a> on 25 Mey 1946 readin the declaration o unthirldom.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_o_London_(1946)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty o London (1946) (page disna exeest)">Treaty o London</a>, signed bi the Breetish Govrenment an the Emir o Transjordan on 22 Mairch 1946, recognised the unthirldom o Transjordan upon ratification bi baith kintras' pairlaments.<a href="#cite_note-FRUS1946-76">[76]</a> On 25 Mey 1946, the day that the treaty wis ratifee'd bi the Transjordan pairlament, Transjordan wis raised tae the status o a kinrick unner the name o the Hashemite Kinrick o Transjordan, wi Abdullah as its first king.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> The name wis shortened tae the Hashemite Kinrick o Jordan on 26 Apryle 1949.<a href="#cite_note-HKJ-78">[78]</a> Jordan becam a member o the Unitit Naitions on 14 December 1955.<a href="#cite_note-HKJ-78">[78]</a> On 15 Mey 1948, as pairt o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War (page disna exeest)">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, Jordan invadit <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> thegither wi ither Arab states.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Follaein the war, Jordan controlled the Wast Bank an on 24 Apryle 1950 Jordan formally <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanian_annexation_o_the_Wast_Bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanian annexation o the Wast Bank (page disna exeest)">annexed thir territories</a> efter the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jericho_conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jericho conference (page disna exeest)">Jericho conference</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> In response, some Arab kintras demandit Jordan's expulsion frae the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-80">[80]</a> On 12 Juin 1950, the Arab League declared that the annexation wis a temporary, practical meisur an that Jordan wis haudin the territory as a "trustee" pendin a futur settlement.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> King Abdullah wis assassinatit at the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque" title="Al-Aqsa Mosque">Al-Aqsa Mosque</a> in 1951 bi a Palestinian militant, amid rumours he intendit tae sign a peace treaty wi Israel.<a href="#cite_note-kaiofh-83">[83]</a> Abdullah wis succeedit bi his son <a href="/w/index.php?title=Talal_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talal o Jordan (page disna exeest)">Talal</a>, that wad suin abdicate due tae illness in favour o his eldest son <a href="/wiki/Hussein_o_Jordan" title="Hussein o Jordan">Hussein</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kojt-84">[84]</a> Talal established the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution o Jordan (page disna exeest)">kintra's modren constitution</a> in 1952.<a href="#cite_note-kojt-84">[84]</a> Hussein ascendit tae the throne in 1953 at the age o 17.<a href="#cite_note-kaiofh-83">[83]</a> Jordan witnessed great poleetical uncertainty in the follaeingperiod.<a href="#cite_note-poinjk-85">[85]</a> The 1950s war a period o poleetical upheaval, as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nasserism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nasserism (page disna exeest)">Nasserism</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan-Arabism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan-Arabism (page disna exeest)">Pan-Arabism</a> swept the Arab Warld.<a href="#cite_note-poinjk-85">[85]</a> On 1 Mairch 1956, King Hussein <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabisation_o_the_Jordanian_Army_command&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabisation o the Jordanian Army command (page disna exeest)">Arabised the command o the Airmy</a> bi dismissin a nummer o senior Breetish officers, an act made tae remuive remeenin furrin influence in the kintra.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> In 1958, Jordan and neighbouring Hashemite <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinrick_o_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinrick o Iraq (page disna exeest)">Iraq</a> formed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Federation (page disna exeest)">Arab Federation</a> as a response tae the formation o the rival <a href="/wiki/Unitit_Arab_Republic" title="Unitit Arab Republic">Unitit Arab Republic</a> atween Nasser's Egyp an Sirie.<a href="#cite_note-jejok-87">[87]</a> The union lastit anerly sax month, bein dissolved efter Iraqi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faisal_II_o_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faisal II o Iraq (page disna exeest)">Keeng Faisal II</a> (Hussein's cuisin) wis deponed bi a bluidy <a href="/w/index.php?title=14_Julie_Revolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14 Julie Revolution (page disna exeest)">militar coup</a> on 14 July 1958.<a href="#cite_note-jejok-87">[87]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karama_aftermath_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Karama_aftermath_1.jpg/220px-Karama_aftermath_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Karama_aftermath_1.jpg/330px-Karama_aftermath_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Karama_aftermath_1.jpg/440px-Karama_aftermath_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hussein_o_Jordan" title="Hussein o Jordan">Keeng Hussein</a> on 21 Mairch 1968 checkin an abandoned <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> tank in the eftermath o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_o_Karameh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle o Karameh (page disna exeest)">Battle o Karameh</a>.</figcaption></figure> Jordan signed a militar pact wi Egyp juist afore <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> launched a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preemptive_war&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preemptive war (page disna exeest)">preemptive strike</a> on Egyp tae begin the <a href="/wiki/Sax-Day_War" title="Sax-Day War">Sax-Day War</a> in Juin 1967, whaur Jordan an Sirie jynt the war.<a href="#cite_note-jowars-88">[88]</a> The Arab states war defeatit an Jordan lost control o the <a href="/wiki/Wast_Bank" title="Wast Bank">Wast Bank</a> tae Israel.<a href="#cite_note-jowars-88">[88]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=War_o_Attrition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War o Attrition (page disna exeest)">War o Attrition</a> wi Israel follaed, that includit the 1968 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Karameh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Karameh (page disna exeest)">Battle of Karameh</a> whaur he combined forces o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanian_Airmed_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanian Airmed Forces (page disna exeest)">Jordanian Airmed Forces</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_Liberation_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestine Liberation Organisation (page disna exeest)">Palestine Liberation Organisation</a> (PLO) repelled an Israeli attack on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karameh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karameh (page disna exeest)">Karameh</a> camp on the Jordanian mairch wi the Wast Bank.<a href="#cite_note-jowars-88">[88]</a> Despite the fact that the Palestinians haed leemitit involvement against the Israeli forces, the events at Karameh gained wide recogneetion an acclaim in the Arab warld.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> As a result, the time period follain the battle witnessed an upsurge o support for Palestinian paramilitar elements (the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_fedayeen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestinian fedayeen (page disna exeest)">fedayeen</a>) within Jordan frae ither Arab kintras.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> The fedayeen activities soon became a threit tae Jordan's rule o law.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> In September 1970, the Jordanian airmy targetit the fedayeen an the resultant fechtin led tae the expulsion o Palestinian fechters frae various PLO groups intae <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, in a conflict that becam kent as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_September&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black September (page disna exeest)">Black September</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> In 1973, Egyp an Sirie waged the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yom_Kippur_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yom Kippur War (page disna exeest)">Yom Kippur War</a> on Israel, an fechtin occurred alang the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> cease-fire line.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> Jordan sent a brigade tae Sirie tae attack Israeli units on Sirie territory but did nae engage Israeli forces frae Jordanian territory.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> At the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabat_summit_conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabat summit conference (page disna exeest)">Rabat summit conference</a> in 1974, Jordan greed, alang wi the rest o the Arab League, that the PLO wis the "sole legitimate representative o the Palestinian fowk".<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> Subsequently, Jordan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanian_disengagement_frae_the_Wast_Bank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanian disengagement frae the Wast Bank (page disna exeest)">renoonced</a> its claims tae the Wast Bank in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> At the 1991 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madrid_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madrid Conference (page disna exeest)">Madrid Conference</a>, Jordan greed tae negotiate a peace treaty sponsored bi the US an the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Israel-Jordan_Treaty_o_Peace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Israel-Jordan Treaty o Peace (page disna exeest)">Israel-Jordan Treaty o Peace</a> wis signed on 26 October 1994.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> In 1997, Israeli agents entered Jordan uisin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_passport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian passport (page disna exeest)">Canadian passports</a> an pushioned <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khaled_Meshal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khaled Meshal (page disna exeest)">Khaled Meshal</a>, a senior <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamas (page disna exeest)">Hamas</a> leader.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> Israel providit an antidote tae the pushion an released dizens o poleetical prisoners, includin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheikh_Ahmed_Yassin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheikh Ahmed Yassin (page disna exeest)">Sheikh Ahmed Yassin</a> efter <a href="/wiki/Hussein_o_Jordan" title="Hussein o Jordan">Keng Hussein</a> threitened tae annul the peace treaty.<a href="#cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">[89]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HabisAlMajali%26WasfiAlTall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/HabisAlMajali%26WasfiAlTall.jpg/220px-HabisAlMajali%26WasfiAlTall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/HabisAlMajali%26WasfiAlTall.jpg/330px-HabisAlMajali%26WasfiAlTall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/HabisAlMajali%26WasfiAlTall.jpg/440px-HabisAlMajali%26WasfiAlTall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Airmy Chief <a href="/w/index.php?title=Habis_Majali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habis Majali (page disna exeest)">Habis Majali</a> an Prime Meenister <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasfi_Tal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasfi Tal (page disna exeest)">Wasfi Tal</a> in a militar parade in 1970, twa widely acclaimed naitional feegurs.</figcaption></figure> On 7 Februar 1999, <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_II_o_Jordan" title="Abdullah II o Jordan">Abdullah II</a> ascendit the throne upon the daith o his faither Hussein.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Abdullah embaurked on economic leeberalisation whan he assumed the throne, an his reforms led tae an economic buim that conteena'd till 2008.<a href="#cite_note-IMFjohk-91">[91]</a> Abdullah II haes been creditit wi increasin furrin investment, impruivin public-preevat pairtnerships an providin the foondation for <a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Aqaba</a>'s free-trede zone an Jordan's floorishin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Information_an_communication_technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Information an communication technology (page disna exeest)">information an communication technology</a> (ICT) sector.<a href="#cite_note-IMFjohk-91">[91]</a> He an aw set up five ither special economic zones.<a href="#cite_note-IMFjohk-91">[91]</a> Houiver, in the follaein years Jordan's economy experienced haurdship as it dealt wi the effects o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Recession&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Recession (page disna exeest)">Great Recession</a> an spillower frae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Ware&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Ware (page disna exeest)">Arab Ware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-instability1-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">Al-Qaeda</a> unner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (page disna exeest)">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a>'s leadership launched <a href="/w/index.php?title=2005_Amman_bombins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2005 Amman bombins (page disna exeest)">coordinatit explosions</a> in three hotel labbies in Amman on 9 November 2005, resultin in 60 daiths an 115 injured.<a href="#cite_note-acbsya-93">[93]</a> The bombins, that tairgetit ceevilians, caused widespreid ootrage amang Jordanians.<a href="#cite_note-acbsya-93">[93]</a> The attack is conseedert tae be a rare event in the kintra, an Jordan's internal siccarity wis dramatically impruived efterwart.<a href="#cite_note-acbsya-93">[93]</a> Na major terrorist attacks hae occurred syne then.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Abdullah an Jordan are viewed wi contempt bi Islamic extremists for the kintra's peace treaty wi Israel an its relationship wi the Wast.<a href="#cite_note-ahbbnyt-95">[95]</a> The Arab Ware war lairge-scale protests that eruptit in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Warld&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Warld (page disna exeest)">Arab Warld</a> in 2011, demandin economic an poleetical reforms.<a href="#cite_note-jkfchh-96">[96]</a> Mony o these protests tore doun regimes in some Arab naitions, leadin tae instability that endit wi veeolent ceevil wars.<a href="#cite_note-jkfchh-96">[96]</a> In Jordan, in response tae <a href="/w/index.php?title=2011%E2%80%9312_Jordanian_protests&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2011–12 Jordanian protests (page disna exeest)">domestic unrest</a>, Abdullah replaced his prime meenister an introduced a nummer o reforms includin: reformin the Constitution, an laws govrenin public freedoms an elections.<a href="#cite_note-jkfchh-96">[96]</a> Proportional representation wis re-introduced tae the Jordanian pairlament in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanian_general_election,_2016&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanian general election, 2016 (page disna exeest)">2016 general election</a>, a muive that he said wad eventually lead tae establishin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pairlamentar_seestem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pairlamentar seestem (page disna exeest)">pairlamentar govrenments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hhjdrp-97">[97]</a> Jordan wks left lakrgely unscathed frae the veeolence that swept the region despite an influx o 1.4 million Sirie refugees intae the naitural resoorces-lackin kintra an the emergence o the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_o_Iraq_an_the_Levant" title="Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant">Islamic State o Iraq an the Levant</a> (ISIL).<a href="#cite_note-hhjdrp-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Eedit section: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mountain_in_Wadi_Rum,_Jordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mountain_in_Wadi_Rum%2C_Jordan.jpg/220px-Mountain_in_Wadi_Rum%2C_Jordan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mountain_in_Wadi_Rum%2C_Jordan.jpg/330px-Mountain_in_Wadi_Rum%2C_Jordan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Mountain_in_Wadi_Rum%2C_Jordan.jpg/440px-Mountain_in_Wadi_Rum%2C_Jordan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3664" data-file-height="2436" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_Rum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi Rum (page disna exeest)">Wadi Rum</a>'s resemblance tae the surface o <a href="/wiki/Maurs" title="Maurs">Maurs</a> haes made it a popular filmin an tourist attraction.</figcaption></figure> Jordan sits strategically at the crossroads o the continents o Asie, Africae an Europe,<a href="#cite_note-mattel-98">[98]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> area o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fertile_Crescent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fertile Crescent (page disna exeest)">Fertile Crescent</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cradle_o_ceevilisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cradle o ceevilisation (page disna exeest)">cradle o ceevilisation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-geo-99">[99]</a> It is 89,341 square kilometre (34,495 sq mi) lairge, an 400 kilometre (250 mi) lang atween its northrenmaist an soothrenmaist points; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_Qais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm Qais (page disna exeest)">Umm Qais</a> an <a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Aqaba</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_factbook-7">[7]</a> The kinrick lies atween <a href="/w/index.php?title=29t_parallel_north&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="29t parallel north (page disna exeest)">29°</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=34t_parallel_north&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="34t parallel north (page disna exeest)">34° N</a>, an <a href="/w/index.php?title=34t_meridian_east&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="34t meridian east (page disna exeest)">34°</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=40t_meridian_east&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="40t meridian east (page disna exeest)">40° E</a>. The east is an arid plateau irrigatit bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oasis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oasis (page disna exeest)">oases</a> an saisonal watter streams.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_factbook-7">[7]</a> Major ceeties are owerwhelminly locatit on the north-wastren pairt o the kinrick due tae its fertile siles an relatively abundant rainfaw.<a href="#cite_note-gbdss-100">[100]</a> Thir include Irbid, Jerash an <a href="/wiki/Zarqa" title="Zarqa">Zarqa</a> in the northwast, the caipital <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Salt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Salt (page disna exeest)">Al-Salt</a> in the central wast, an Madaba, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Karak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Karak (page disna exeest)">Al-Karak</a> an Aqaba in the soothwast.<a href="#cite_note-gbdss-100">[100]</a> Major touns in the eastren pairt o the kintra are the oasis touns o <a href="/wiki/Azraq" title="Azraq">Azraq</a> an <a href="/wiki/Ruwaished" title="Ruwaished">Ruwaished</a>.<a href="#cite_note-geo-99">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Eedit section: Climate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Climate">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main airticle: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Climate_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate o Jordan (page disna exeest)">Climate o Jordan</a></div> The climate in Jordan varies greatly. Generally, the faur inland frae the Mediterranean, greater contrasts in temperatur occur an the less rainfaw thare is.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_factbook-7">[7]</a> The kintra's average elevation is 812 m (2,664 ft) (SL).<a href="#cite_note-CIA_factbook-7">[7]</a> The heichlands abuin the Jordan Valley, muntains o the Deid Sea an Wadi Araba an as faur sooth as Ras Al-Naqab are dominatit bi a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>, while the eastren an northeastren areas o the kintra are arid desert.<a href="#cite_note-majocw-101">[101]</a> Awtho the desert pairts o the kinrick reach heich temperaturs, the heat is uisually moderatit bi law humidity an a daytime breeze, while the nichts are cuil.<a href="#cite_note-obgjo-102">[102]</a> Simmers, lastin frae Mey tae September, are het an dry, wi temperaturs averagin aroond 32 °C (90 °F) an whiles exceedin 40 °C (104 °F) atween Julie an August.<a href="#cite_note-obgjo-102">[102]</a> The winter, lastin frae November tae Mairch, is relatively cuil, wi temperaturs averagin aroond 13 °C (55 °F).<a href="#cite_note-majocw-101">[101]</a> Winter an aw sees frequent shouers an occasional snawfaw in some wastren elevatit areas.<a href="#cite_note-majocw-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Eedit section: Ecology" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Ecology">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main airticle: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wildlife_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wildlife o Jordan (page disna exeest)">Wildlife o Jordan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ajlun_Green.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ajlun_Green.jpg/220px-Ajlun_Green.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ajlun_Green.jpg/330px-Ajlun_Green.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ajlun_Green.jpg/440px-Ajlun_Green.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>A forest in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajloun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajloun (page disna exeest)">Ajloun</a>, northren Jordan.</figcaption></figure> Ower 2,000 plant species hae been recordit in Jordan.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> Mony o the flouerin plants bluim in the ware efter the winter rains an the teepe o vegetation depends lairgely on the levels o precipitation. The muntainous regions in the northwast are claithed in forests, while faur sooth an east the vegetation becomes mair scrubby an transeetions tae steppe-teep vegetation.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Forests kiver 1.5 million <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunums</a> (1,500 km2), less nor 2% o Jordan, makkin Jordan amang the warld's least forestit kintras, the internaitional average bein 15%.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Plant species include, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinus_halepensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinus halepensis (page disna exeest)">Aleppo pine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarcopoterium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarcopoterium (page disna exeest)">Sarcopoterium</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvia_dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvia dominica (page disna exeest)">Salvia dominica</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_iris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black iris (page disna exeest)">black iris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamarix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamarix (page disna exeest)">Tamarix</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anabasis_(plant)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anabasis (plant) (page disna exeest)">Anabasis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemisia_(genus)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemisia (genus) (page disna exeest)">Artemisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">Acacia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupressus_sempervirens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cupressus sempervirens (page disna exeest)">Mediterranean cypress</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juniperus_phoenicea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juniperus phoenicea (page disna exeest)">Phoenecian juniper</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The muntainous regions in the northwast are claithed in naitural forests o <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deciduous&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deciduous (page disna exeest)">deciduous aik</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercus_ilex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quercus ilex (page disna exeest)">evergreen aik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">pistachio</a> an wild <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jordan-107">[107]</a> Mammal an reptile species include, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lang-eared_hedgehog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lang-eared hedgehog (page disna exeest)">lang-eared hedgehog</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nubian_ibex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nubian ibex (page disna exeest)">Nubian ibex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fallae_deer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fallae deer (page disna exeest)">fallae deer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabie_wouf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabie wouf (page disna exeest)">Arabie wouf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desert_monitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desert monitor (page disna exeest)">desert monitor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinnie_badger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinnie badger (page disna exeest)">hinnie badger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gless_snake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gless snake (page disna exeest)">gless snake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caracal" title="Caracal">caracal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gowden_jackal" title="Gowden jackal">gowden jackal</a> an the <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a>, amang ithers.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-Qumsiyeh-110">[110]</a> Bird include the <a href="/wiki/Huidit_craw" title="Huidit craw">huidit craw</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurasian_jay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurasian jay (page disna exeest)">Eurasian jay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lappet-faced_vultur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lappet-faced vultur (page disna exeest)">lappet-faced vultur</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbary_faucon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbary faucon (page disna exeest)">barbary faucon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoopoe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoopoe (page disna exeest)">hoopoe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pharaoh_eagle-oul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pharaoh eagle-oul (page disna exeest)">pharaoh eagle-oul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_cuckoo" title="Common cuckoo">common cuckoo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tristram%27s_starling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tristram's starling (page disna exeest)">Tristram's starling</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestine_sunbird&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestine sunbird (page disna exeest)">Palestine sunbird</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinai_rosefinch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinai rosefinch (page disna exeest)">Sinai rosefinch</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesser_kestrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesser kestrel (page disna exeest)">lesser kestrel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoose_craw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoose craw (page disna exeest)">hoose craw</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=White-spectacled_bulbul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="White-spectacled bulbul (page disna exeest)">white-spectacled bulbul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_an_government">Politics an government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Eedit section: Politics an government" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Politics an government">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main airticle: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politics of Jordan (page disna exeest)">Politics of Jordan</a></div> Jordan is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitar_state&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitar state (page disna exeest)">unitar state</a> unner a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>. Jordan's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitution o Jordan (page disna exeest)">constitution</a>, adoptit in 1952 an amendit a nummer o times syne, is the legal framewirk that govrens the monarch, govrenment, bicameral legislatur an judiciary.<a href="#cite_note-const-112">[112]</a> The king retains wide executive an legislative pouers frae the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Govrenment_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Govrenment o Jordan (page disna exeest)">govrenment</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pairlament_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pairlament o Jordan (page disna exeest)">pairlament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The king exercises his pouers throu the govrenment that he appynts for a fower-year term, that is responsible afore the pairlament that is made up o twa chaumers: the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Jordan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate (Jordan) (page disna exeest)">Senate</a> an the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoose_o_Representatives_(Jordan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoose o Representatives (Jordan) (page disna exeest)">Hoose o Representatives</a>. The judiciar is independent accordin tae the constitution.<a href="#cite_note-const-112">[112]</a> The king is the <a href="/wiki/Heid_o_state" title="Heid o state">heid o state</a> an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Commander-in-chief&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Commander-in-chief (page disna exeest)">commander-in-chief</a> o the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordanian_Airmed_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordanian Airmed Forces (page disna exeest)">airmy</a>. He can declare war an peace, ratifee laws an treaties, convene an close legislative sessions, caw an postpone elections, dismiss the govrenment an dissolve the pairlament.<a href="#cite_note-const-112">[112]</a> The appyntit govrenment can an aw be dismissed throu a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majority_rule&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majority rule (page disna exeest)">majority</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vote_o_na_confidence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vote o na confidence (page disna exeest)">vote o na confidence</a> bi the electit Hoose o Representatives. Efter a bill is proponed bi the govrenment, it maun be appruived bi the Hoose o Representatives then the Senate, an becomes law efter bein ratifee'd bi the king. A ryal veto on legislation can be owerridden bu a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermajority&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermajority (page disna exeest)">twa-thirds vote</a> in a jynt session o baith hooses. The pairlament an aw haes the richt o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interpellation_(politics)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interpellation (politics) (page disna exeest)">interpellation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-const-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lairgest_ceeties">Lairgest ceeties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Eedit section: Lairgest ceeties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Lairgest ceeties">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <table class="navbox"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r862114">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lairgest_ceeties_o_Jordan" title="Template:Lairgest ceeties o Jordan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_collogue:Lairgest_ceeties_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template collogue:Lairgest ceeties o Jordan (page disna exeest)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Lairgest_ceeties_o_Jordan&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Lairgest ceeties or touns in Jordan <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/Jordan.html">[1]</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Leet_o_ceeties_in_Jordan" title="Leet o ceeties in Jordan">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Govrenorates_o_Jordan" title="Govrenorates o Jordan">Govrenorate</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Amman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amman"><img alt="Amman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Amman.jpg/120px-Amman.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Amman.jpg/180px-Amman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Amman.jpg/240px-Amman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Qurtobah,_Az-Zarqa,_Jordan_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zarqa"><img alt="Zarqa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Qurtobah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/120px-Qurtobah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Qurtobah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/180px-Qurtobah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Qurtobah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/240px-Qurtobah%2C_Az-Zarqa%2C_Jordan_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1555" data-file-height="1037" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zarqa" title="Zarqa">Zarqa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amman_Govrenorate" title="Amman Govrenorate">Amman Govrenorate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,349,260 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Irbid1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Irbid"><img alt="Irbid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Irbid1.jpg/120px-Irbid1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Irbid1.jpg/180px-Irbid1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Irbid1.jpg/240px-Irbid1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="222" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Irbid" title="Irbid">Irbid</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Ameriyya_District-Russeifa10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russeifa"><img alt="Russeifa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ameriyya_District-Russeifa10.jpg/120px-Ameriyya_District-Russeifa10.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ameriyya_District-Russeifa10.jpg/180px-Ameriyya_District-Russeifa10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ameriyya_District-Russeifa10.jpg/240px-Ameriyya_District-Russeifa10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2232" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russeifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russeifa (page disna exeest)">Russeifa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zarqa" title="Zarqa">Zarqa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zarqa_Govrenorate" title="Zarqa Govrenorate">Zarqa Govrenorate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">502,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Irbid" title="Irbid">Irbid</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Irbid_Govrenorate" title="Irbid Govrenorate">Irbid Govrenorate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">313,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russeifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russeifa (page disna exeest)">Russeifa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zarqa_Govrenorate" title="Zarqa Govrenorate">Zarqa Govrenorate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">289,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Al_Quwaysimah" title="Al Quwaysimah">Al Quwaysimah</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amman_Govrenorate" title="Amman Govrenorate">Amman Govrenorate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">176,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_as-Ser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi as-Ser (page disna exeest)">Wadi as-Ser</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amman_Govrenorate" title="Amman Govrenorate">Amman Govrenorate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">158,900 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Til%C4%81%27_al-%27Al%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tilā' al-'Alī (page disna exeest)">Tilā' al-'Alī</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amman_Govrenorate" title="Amman Govrenorate">Amman Govrenorate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">147,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajloun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajloun (page disna exeest)">Ajloun</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ajloun_Govrenorate" title="Ajloun Govrenorate">Ajloun Govrenorate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">125,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Aqaba</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Aqaba_Govrenorate" title="Aqaba Govrenorate">Aqaba Govrenorate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">111,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#f0f0f0;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khuraybat_as-S%C5%ABq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khuraybat as-Sūq (page disna exeest)">Khuraybat as-Sūq</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Amman_Govrenorate" title="Amman Govrenorate">Amman Govrenorate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">110,600 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Admeenistrative_diveesions">Admeenistrative diveesions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Eedit section: Admeenistrative diveesions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Admeenistrative diveesions">eedit soorce</a>]</div> The first level subdiveesion in Jordan is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muhafazah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muhafazah (page disna exeest)">muhafazah</a> or <a href="/wiki/Govrenorates_o_Jordan" title="Govrenorates o Jordan">govrenorate</a>. The govrenorates are dividit intae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liwa_(Arabic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liwa (Arabic) (page disna exeest)">liwa</a> or destricts, that are eften faur subdividit intae <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaza (page disna exeest)">qda</a> or sub-destricts.<a href="#cite_note-Muni-114">[114]</a> Control for ilk admeenistrative unit is in a "chief toun" (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrative_centre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrative centre (page disna exeest)">administrative centre</a>) kent as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahias_o_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahias o Jordan (page disna exeest)">nahia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Muni-114">[114]</a> <div class="left"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Map</th> <th></th> <th>Govrenorate</th> <th>Caipital</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="15"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 360px; float: left; clear: left; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative; max-width: 100%; overflow-x: auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jordan_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Jordan_location_map.svg/360px-Jordan_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="396" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Jordan_location_map.svg/540px-Jordan_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Jordan_location_map.svg/720px-Jordan_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1197" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; left:148px; top:14px"><a href="/wiki/Sirie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirie">Sirie</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:324px; top:14px"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:18.2px; top:65.7px"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:258px; top:212px"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabie" title="Saudi Arabie">Saudi Arabie</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:-0.5px; top:117.4px"><a href="/wiki/State_o_Palestine" title="State o Palestine">Palestine</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:64.2px; top:77.68px"><a href="/wiki/Irbid_Govrenorate" title="Irbid Govrenorate">Irbid</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:80.4px; top:110.8px"><a href="/wiki/Jerash_Govrenorate" title="Jerash Govrenorate">Jerash</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:69.6px; top:94.96px"><a href="/wiki/Ajloun_Govrenorate" title="Ajloun Govrenorate">Ajloun</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:199.2px; top:107.2px"><a href="/wiki/Mafraq_Govrenorate" title="Mafraq Govrenorate">Mafraq</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:147px; top:144.28px"><a href="/wiki/Zarqa_Govrenorate" title="Zarqa Govrenorate">Zarqa</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:87.6px; top:155.8px"><a href="/wiki/Amman_Govrenorate" title="Amman Govrenorate">Amman</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:58.8px; top:128.8px"><a href="/wiki/Balqa_Govrenorate" title="Balqa Govrenorate">Balqa</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:62.4px; top:175.6px"><a href="/wiki/Madaba_Govrenorate" title="Madaba Govrenorate">Madaba</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:61.68px; top:209.8px"><a href="/wiki/Kerak_Govrenorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerak Govrenorate">Karak</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:48px; top:240.4px"><a href="/wiki/Tafilah_Govrenorate" title="Tafilah Govrenorate">Tafilah</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:120px; top:269.2px"><a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_Govrenorate" title="Ma'an Govrenorate">Ma'an</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:21px; top:334px"><a href="/wiki/Aqaba_Govrenorate" title="Aqaba Govrenorate">Aqaba</a></div> </div> </td> <th colspan="5">Northren region </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irbid_Govrenorate" title="Irbid Govrenorate">Irbid</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Irbid" title="Irbid">Irbid</a></td> <td>1,770,158 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ajloun_Govrenorate" title="Ajloun Govrenorate">Ajloun</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajloun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajloun (page disna exeest)">Ajloun</a></td> <td>176,080 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jerash_Govrenorate" title="Jerash Govrenorate">Jerash</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerash (page disna exeest)">Jerash</a></td> <td>237,059 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mafraq_Govrenorate" title="Mafraq Govrenorate">Mafraq</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mafraq" title="Mafraq">Mafraq</a></td> <td>549,948 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Central region </th></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Balqa_Govrenorate" title="Balqa Govrenorate">Balqa</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Salt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Salt (page disna exeest)">Al-Salt</a></td> <td>491,709 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Madaba_Govrenorate" title="Madaba Govrenorate">Madaba</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madaba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madaba (page disna exeest)">Madaba</a></td> <td>189,192 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amman_Govrenorate" title="Amman Govrenorate">Amman</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a></td> <td>4,007,256 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zarqa_Govrenorate" title="Zarqa Govrenorate">Zarqa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zarqa" title="Zarqa">Zarqa</a></td> <td>1,364,878 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Soothren region </th></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karak_Govrenorate" title="Karak Govrenorate">Karak</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Karak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Karak (page disna exeest)">Al-Karak</a></td> <td>316,629 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tafilah_Govrenorate" title="Tafilah Govrenorate">Tafila</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tafila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tafila (page disna exeest)">Tafila</a></td> <td>96,291 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_Govrenorate" title="Ma'an Govrenorate">Ma'an</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ma%27an" title="Ma'an">Ma'an</a></td> <td>144,083 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aqaba_Govrenorate" title="Aqaba Govrenorate">Aqaba</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Aqaba</a></td> <td>188,160 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografics">Demografics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Eedit section: Demografics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Demografics">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <table class="toccolours" style="width:15em;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="padding:0.25em;font-size:110%">Historical populations</th></tr><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">200,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1922 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">225,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1948 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">400,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.24%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1952 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">586,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.03%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">900,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+4.89%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,133,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.91%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1994 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,139,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.52%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2004 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,100,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2015 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,531,712</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.85%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,171,480</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.19%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Department of Statistics<a href="#cite_note-census_report-115">[115]</a></td></tr></tbody></table>The 2015 census shawed Jordan's population tae be 9,531,712 (Female: 47%; Males: 53%). Aroond 2.9 million (30%) war non-ceetizens, a feegur includin refugees, an illegal immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-census-3">[3]</a> Thare war 1,977,534 hoosehauds in Jordan in 2015, wi an average o 4.8 persons per hoosehaud (compared tae 6.7 persons per hoosehaud for the census o 1979).<a href="#cite_note-census-3">[3]</a> The caipital an lairgest ceety o Jordan is <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, that is ane o the warld's auldest conteenuously inhabitit ceeties an ane o the maist modren in the Arab warld.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The population o Amman wis 65,754 in 1946, but exceedit 4 million bi 2015. <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> mak up aboot 98% o the population. The remeenin 2% consist lairgely o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Circassians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Circassians (page disna exeest)">Circassians</a> an <a href="/wiki/Armenians" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>, alang wi smawer minority groups.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_factbook-7">[7]</a> Aboot 84.1% o the population live in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_factbook-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> is the dominant releegion in Jordan. Muslims mak up aboot 95% o the kintra's population; in turn, 93% o thae sel-identifee as Sunnis.<a href="#cite_note-pewforum-117">[117]</a> Thare are an aw a smaw nummer o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmadiyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmadiyya (page disna exeest)">Ahmadi</a> Muslims,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> an some <a href="/wiki/Shiite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiite">Shiites</a>. Mony Shia are Iraqi an Lebanese refugees.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Muslims that convert tae anither releegion as weel as missionaries frae ither releegions face societal an legal discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Eedit section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: References">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-king-1"><a href="#cite_ref-king_1-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFTemperman2010" class="citation book cs1">Temperman, Jeroen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Khag6tbsIn4C&pg=PA87">State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law: Towards a Right to Religiously Neutral Governance</a>. Brill. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-18148-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-18148-2"><bdi>90-04-18148-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 20 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State-Religion+Relationships+and+Human+Rights+Law%3A+Towards+a+Right+to+Religiously+Neutral+Governance&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=90-04-18148-2&rft.aulast=Temperman&rft.aufirst=Jeroen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKhag6tbsIn4C%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r809032">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190818112822/http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/">"Population clock"</a>. Jordan Department of Statistics. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/">the original</a> on 18 August 2019. Retrieved 12 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jordan+Department+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Population+clock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdosweb.dos.gov.jo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_3-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFGhazal2016" class="citation web cs1">Ghazal, Mohammad (22 Januar 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/population-stands-around-95-million-including-29-million-guests">"Population stands at around 9.5 million, including 2.9 million guests"</a>. The Jordan Times. Retrieved 12 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+stands+at+around+9.5+million%2C+including+2.9+million+guests&rft.pub=The+Jordan+Times&rft.date=2016-01-22&rft.aulast=Ghazal&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fpopulation-stands-around-95-million-including-29-million-guests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GDP-4">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GDP_4-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=77&pr.y=14&sy=2018&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C546%2C213%2C962%2C911%2C674%2C314%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C836%2C918%2C558%2C748%2C138%2C618%2C196%2C624%2C278%2C522%2C692%2C622%2C694%2C156%2C142%2C626%2C449%2C628%2C564%2C228%2C565%2C924%2C283%2C233%2C853%2C632%2C288%2C636%2C293%2C634%2C566%2C238%2C964%2C662%2C182%2C960%2C359%2C423%2C453%2C935%2C968%2C128%2C922%2C611%2C714%2C321%2C862%2C243%2C135%2C248%2C716%2C469%2C456%2C253%2C722%2C642%2C942%2C643%2C718%2C939%2C724%2C734%2C576%2C644%2C936%2C819%2C961%2C172%2C813%2C132%2C726%2C646%2C199%2C648%2C733%2C915%2C184%2C134%2C524%2C652%2C361%2C174%2C362%2C328%2C364%2C258%2C732%2C656%2C366%2C654%2C144%2C336%2C146%2C263%2C463%2C268%2C528%2C532%2C923%2C944%2C738%2C176%2C578%2C534%2C537%2C536%2C742%2C429%2C866%2C433%2C369%2C178%2C744%2C436%2C186%2C136%2C925%2C343%2C869%2C158%2C746%2C439%2C926%2C916%2C466%2C664%2C112%2C826%2C111%2C542%2C298%2C967%2C927%2C443%2C846%2C917%2C299%2C544%2C582%2C941%2C474%2C446%2C754%2C666%2C698&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=">"Jordan"</a>. IMF. Retrieved 24 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF&rft.atitle=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2018%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D77%26pr.y%3D14%26sy%3D2018%26ey%3D2023%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D512%252C668%252C914%252C672%252C612%252C946%252C614%252C137%252C311%252C546%252C213%252C962%252C911%252C674%252C314%252C676%252C193%252C548%252C122%252C556%252C912%252C678%252C313%252C181%252C419%252C867%252C513%252C682%252C316%252C684%252C913%252C273%252C124%252C868%252C339%252C921%252C638%252C948%252C514%252C943%252C218%252C686%252C963%252C688%252C616%252C518%252C223%252C728%252C516%252C836%252C918%252C558%252C748%252C138%252C618%252C196%252C624%252C278%252C522%252C692%252C622%252C694%252C156%252C142%252C626%252C449%252C628%252C564%252C228%252C565%252C924%252C283%252C233%252C853%252C632%252C288%252C636%252C293%252C634%252C566%252C238%252C964%252C662%252C182%252C960%252C359%252C423%252C453%252C935%252C968%252C128%252C922%252C611%252C714%252C321%252C862%252C243%252C135%252C248%252C716%252C469%252C456%252C253%252C722%252C642%252C942%252C643%252C718%252C939%252C724%252C734%252C576%252C644%252C936%252C819%252C961%252C172%252C813%252C132%252C726%252C646%252C199%252C648%252C733%252C915%252C184%252C134%252C524%252C652%252C361%252C174%252C362%252C328%252C364%252C258%252C732%252C656%252C366%252C654%252C144%252C336%252C146%252C263%252C463%252C268%252C528%252C532%252C923%252C944%252C738%252C176%252C578%252C534%252C537%252C536%252C742%252C429%252C866%252C433%252C369%252C178%252C744%252C436%252C186%252C136%252C925%252C343%252C869%252C158%252C746%252C439%252C926%252C916%252C466%252C664%252C112%252C826%252C111%252C542%252C298%252C967%252C927%252C443%252C846%252C917%252C299%252C544%252C582%252C941%252C474%252C446%252C754%252C666%252C698%26s%3DNGDPD%252CPPPGDP%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI">"Gini index"</a>. World Bank. Retrieved 12 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Gini+index&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-6"><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_6-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2017_human_development_report.pdf">"2017 Human Development Report Summary"</a> (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 14 September 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2017+Human+Development+Report+Summary&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2017_human_development_report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032">[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Link_rot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:Link rot (page disna exeest)">deid airtin</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_factbook-7">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_factbook_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_factbook_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_factbook_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_factbook_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_factbook_7-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_factbook_7-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_factbook_7-6">g</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190912232305/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo.html">"The World Fact book – Jordan"</a>. CIA World Factbook. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jo.html">the original</a> on 12 September 2019. Retrieved 15 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Fact+book+%E2%80%93+Jordan&rft.pub=CIA+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fjo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-etm1-8"><a href="#cite_ref-etm1_8-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMillsBullard1990" class="citation book cs1">Mills, Watson E.; Bullard, Roger Aubrey (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC">Mercer Dictionary of the Bible</a>. Mercer University Press. pp. 466–467, 928. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865543737" title="Special:BookSources/9780865543737"><bdi>9780865543737</bdi></a>. Retrieved 15 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=466-467%2C+928&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780865543737&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Watson+E.&rft.au=Bullard%2C+Roger+Aubrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgoq0VWw9rGIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KOJ-9"><a href="#cite_ref-KOJ_9-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFPatai2015" class="citation book cs1">Patai, Raphael (8 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-jfWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23">Kingdom of Jordan</a>. Princeton University Press. pp. 23, 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781400877997" title="Special:BookSources/9781400877997"><bdi>9781400877997</bdi></a>. Retrieved 16 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingdom+of+Jordan&rft.pages=23%2C+32&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015-12-08&rft.isbn=9781400877997&rft.aulast=Patai&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-jfWCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chap-paleolithic-10">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-chap-paleolithic_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chap-paleolithic_10-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFal-Nahar2014" class="citation book cs1">al-Nahar, Maysoun (11 Juin 2014). "The First Traces of Man. The Palaeolithic Period (<1.5 million – ca 20,000 years ago)". In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/4877">Atlas of Jordan</a>. pp. 94–99. Retrieved 16 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+First+Traces+of+Man.+The+Palaeolithic+Period+%28%3C1.5+million+%E2%80%93+ca+20%2C000+years+ago%29&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Jordan&rft.pages=94-99&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=al-Nahar&rft.aufirst=Maysoun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F4877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-44846874">"Prehistoric bake-off: Scientists discover oldest evidence of bread"</a>. BBC. 17 Julie 2018. Retrieved 17 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+bake-off%3A+Scientists+discover+oldest+evidence+of+bread&rft.date=2018-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-44846874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFal-Nahar2014" class="citation book cs1">al-Nahar, Maysoun (11 Juin 2014). "The Refining of Tools. The Epipalaeolithic Period (c 23,000 - 11,600 years ago)". In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/4879">Atlas of Jordan</a>. pp. 100–105. Retrieved 16 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Refining+of+Tools.+The+Epipalaeolithic+Period+%28c+23%2C000%E2%80%AF-%E2%80%AF11%2C600+years+ago%29&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Jordan&rft.pages=100-105&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=al-Nahar&rft.aufirst=Maysoun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F4879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFBetts2014" class="citation book cs1">Betts, Alison (Mairch 2014). "The Southern Levant (Transjordan) During the Neolithic Period". The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199212972.013.012">10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212972.013.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199212972" title="Special:BookSources/9780199212972"><bdi>9780199212972</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Southern+Levant+%28Transjordan%29+During+the+Neolithic+Period&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+the+Archaeology+of+the+Levant&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199212972.013.012&rft.isbn=9780199212972&rft.aulast=Betts&rft.aufirst=Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas11-14"><a href="#cite_ref-atlas11_14-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFal-Nahar2014" class="citation book cs1">al-Nahar, Maysoun (11 Juin 2014). "The First Cities in Early Bronze Age (3600-2000 BC)". In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/4885">Atlas of Jordan</a>. pp. 117–118. Retrieved 2 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+First+Cities+in+Early+Bronze+Age+%283600-2000+BC%29&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Jordan&rft.pages=117-118&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=al-Nahar&rft.aufirst=Maysoun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F4885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190924194946/https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/files/798584/158410_1_En_8_Chapter_ProofPDF">"Human activity in the ancient metal-smelting and farming complex in the Wadi Faynan, SW Jordan, at the desert margin in the Middle East"</a>. Queen's University Belfast. 2010. p. 2. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/files/798584/158410_1_En_8_Chapter_ProofPDF%5b1%5d.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 4 Julie 2018. <q>It was a key Middle Eastern industrial centre from the early 3rd millennium BC to the Byzantine period</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+activity+in+the+ancient+metal-smelting+and+farming+complex+in+the+Wadi+Faynan%2C+SW+Jordan%2C+at+the+desert+margin+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Queen%27s+University+Belfast&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.qub.ac.uk%2Fportal%2Ffiles%2F798584%2F158410_1_En_8_Chapter_ProofPDF%5B1%5D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas12-16">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-atlas12_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlas12_16-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFal-Nahar2014" class="citation book cs1">al-Nahar, Maysoun (11 Juin 2014). "The Period of Small Cities. The Middle Bronze Age (ca 2000-1500 BC)". In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/4890">Atlas of Jordan</a>. pp. 122–123. Retrieved 2 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Period+of+Small+Cities.+The+Middle+Bronze+Age+%28ca+2000-1500+BC%29&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Jordan&rft.pages=122-123&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=al-Nahar&rft.aufirst=Maysoun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F4890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas13-17"><a href="#cite_ref-atlas13_17-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFal-Nahar2014" class="citation book cs1">al-Nahar, Maysoun (11 Juin 2014). "The Influence of Egypt. The Late Bronze Age (1500-1200 BC)". In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/4892">Atlas of Jordan</a>. pp. 124–125. Retrieved 2 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Influence+of+Egypt.+The+Late+Bronze+Age+%281500-1200+BC%29&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Jordan&rft.pages=124-125&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=al-Nahar&rft.aufirst=Maysoun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F4892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AEM-18">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-AEM_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AEM_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AEM_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AEM_18-3">d</a> <cite id="CITEREFLaBiancaYounker1995" class="citation conference cs1">LaBianca, Oystein S.; Younker, Randall W. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/744029/The_Kingdoms_of_Ammon_Moab_and_Edom_The_Archaeology_of_Society_in_Late_Bronze_Iron_Age_Transjordan_Ca._1400-500_BCE_">"The Kingdoms of Ammon, Moab, and Edom: The Archaeology of Society in Late Bronze/Iron Age Transjordan (ca. 1400–500 BCE)"</a>. In Thomas Levy (ed.). The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester University Press. p. 114. Retrieved 16 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=The+Kingdoms+of+Ammon%2C+Moab%2C+and+Edom%3A+The+Archaeology+of+Society+in+Late+Bronze%2FIron+Age+Transjordan+%28ca.+1400%E2%80%93500+BCE%29&rft.btitle=The+Archaeology+of+Society+in+the+Holy+Land&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Leicester+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=LaBianca&rft.aufirst=Oystein+S.&rft.au=Younker%2C+Randall+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F744029%2FThe_Kingdoms_of_Ammon_Moab_and_Edom_The_Archaeology_of_Society_in_Late_Bronze_Iron_Age_Transjordan_Ca._1400-500_BCE_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-harrison-19"><a href="#cite_ref-harrison_19-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFHarrison2009" class="citation cs2">Harrison, Timothy P. (2009), "`The land of Medeba' and Early Iron Age Mādabā", in Bienkowski, Piotr (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sites.utoronto.ca/tmap/Harrison.2009.pdf">Studies on Iron Age Moab and Neighbouring Areas: In Honour of Michèle Daviau</a> (PDF), Leuven: Peeters, pp. 27–45, retrieved 16 Juin 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%60The+land+of+Medeba%27+and+Early+Iron+Age+M%C4%81dab%C4%81&rft.btitle=Studies+on+Iron+Age+Moab+and+Neighbouring+Areas%3A+In+Honour+of+Mich%C3%A8le+Daviau&rft.place=Leuven&rft.pages=27-45&rft.pub=Peeters&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Timothy+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsites.utoronto.ca%2Ftmap%2FHarrison.2009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rollston-20"><a href="#cite_ref-rollston_20-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFRollston2010" class="citation book cs1">Rollston, Chris A. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kx9Uke_IfloC&pg=PA54">Writing and Literacy in the World of Ancient Israel: Epigraphic Evidence from the Iron Age</a>. Society of Biblical Lit. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781589831070" title="Special:BookSources/9781589831070"><bdi>9781589831070</bdi></a>. Retrieved 16 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writing+and+Literacy+in+the+World+of+Ancient+Israel%3A+Epigraphic+Evidence+from+the+Iron+Age&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Lit&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781589831070&rft.aulast=Rollston&rft.aufirst=Chris+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkx9Uke_IfloC%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mesha-louvre-21"><a href="#cite_ref-mesha-louvre_21-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103247/https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/mesha-stele">"The Mesha Stele"</a>. Department of Near Eastern Antiquities: Levant. Louvre Museum. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/mesha-stele">the original</a> on 16 Juin 2018. Retrieved 16 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Near+Eastern+Antiquities%3A+Levant&rft.atitle=The+Mesha+Stele&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.louvre.fr%2Fen%2Foeuvre-notices%2Fmesha-stele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-chap-iron-22">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-chap-iron_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chap-iron_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chap-iron_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chap-iron_22-3">d</a> <cite id="CITEREFal-Nahar2014" class="citation book cs1">al-Nahar, Maysoun (11 Juin 2014). "The Iron Age and the Persian Period (1200-332 BC)". In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/5075">Atlas of Jordan</a>. pp. 126–130. Retrieved 16 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Iron+Age+and+the+Persian+Period+%281200-332+BC%29&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Jordan&rft.pages=126-130&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=al-Nahar&rft.aufirst=Maysoun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F5075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199810-23">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199810_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199810_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199810_23-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 10. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200151-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200151_24-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2001">Taylor 2001</a>, p. 51. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200130-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200130_25-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2001">Taylor 2001</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaylor200170-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaylor200170_26-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFTaylor2001">Taylor 2001</a>, p. 70. </li> <li id="cite_note-petra-27">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-petra_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-petra_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-petra_27-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210210/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/magazine/2016/01-02/petra/">"Petra Lost and Found"</a>. National Geographic. 2 Januar 2016. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/archaeology-and-history/magazine/2016/01-02/petra/">the original</a> on 8 Apryle 2018. Retrieved 8 Apryle 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Petra+Lost+and+Found&rft.date=2016-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Farchaeology-and-history%2Fmagazine%2F2016%2F01-02%2Fpetra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-roman-28">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-roman_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-roman_28-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFParkerBetlyon2006" class="citation book cs1">Parker, Samuel; Betlyon, John (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PVZfx3Y6o5IC&pg=PA573">The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report on the Limes Arabicus Project</a>. Dumbarton Oaks. p. 573. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780884022985" title="Special:BookSources/9780884022985"><bdi>9780884022985</bdi></a>. Retrieved 3 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Frontier+in+Central+Jordan%3A+Final+Report+on+the+Limes+Arabicus+Project&rft.pages=573&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780884022985&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft.au=Betlyon%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPVZfx3Y6o5IC%26pg%3DPA573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas15-29"><a href="#cite_ref-atlas15_29-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFal-Nahar2014" class="citation book cs1">al-Nahar, Maysoun (11 Juin 2014). "Roman Arabia". In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/4903">Atlas of Jordan</a>. pp. 155–161. Retrieved 2 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Roman+Arabia&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Jordan&rft.pages=155-161&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=al-Nahar&rft.aufirst=Maysoun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F4903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFGates2013" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Charles (15 Apryle 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=--x-3W2R_QwC&pg=PA393">Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome</a>. Routledge. pp. 392–393. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134676620" title="Special:BookSources/9781134676620"><bdi>9781134676620</bdi></a>. Retrieved 9 Apryle 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Cities%3A+The+Archaeology+of+Urban+Life+in+the+Ancient+Near+East+and+Egypt%2C+Greece+and+Rome&rft.pages=392-393&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft.isbn=9781134676620&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D--x-3W2R_QwC%26pg%3DPA393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-byzantine-31">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-byzantine_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-byzantine_31-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFLemoineStrickland2001" class="citation book cs1">Lemoine, Florence; Strickland, John (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vSwi2TYabS4C&pg=PA43">Government Leaders, Military Rulers, and Political Activists</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781573561532" title="Special:BookSources/9781573561532"><bdi>9781573561532</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+Leaders%2C+Military+Rulers%2C+and+Political+Activists&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781573561532&rft.aulast=Lemoine&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft.au=Strickland%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvSwi2TYabS4C%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199814-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199814_32-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-purpose-built-church">"First purpose-built church"</a>. Guinness World Records. Retrieved 4 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+purpose-built+church&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fworld-records%2Ffirst-purpose-built-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1093">"Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a)"</a>. UNESCO. 1 Januar 2004. Retrieved 4 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Um+er-Rasas+%28Kastrom+Mefa%27a%29&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFAvni2014" class="citation book cs1">Avni, Gideon (30 Januar 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2aTFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA302">The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine: An Archaeological Approach</a>. OUP Oxford. p. 302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191507342" title="Special:BookSources/9780191507342"><bdi>9780191507342</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Byzantine-Islamic+Transition+in+Palestine%3A+An+Archaeological+Approach&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2014-01-30&rft.isbn=9780191507342&rft.aulast=Avni&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2aTFAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowersock-36">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowersock_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowersock_36-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFBowersockBrownGrabar1999" class="citation book cs1">Bowersock, G. W.; Brown, Peter; Grabar, Oleg (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c788wWR_bLwC&pg=PA468">Late Antiquity: A guide to the Postclassical World</a>. Harvard University Press. pp. 468–469. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674511736" title="Special:BookSources/9780674511736"><bdi>9780674511736</bdi></a>. Retrieved 17 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Late+Antiquity%3A+A+guide+to+the+Postclassical+World&rft.pages=468-469&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780674511736&rft.aulast=Bowersock&rft.aufirst=G.+W.&rft.au=Brown%2C+Peter&rft.au=Grabar%2C+Oleg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc788wWR_bLwC%26pg%3DPA468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mus-37">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-mus_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mus_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mus_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mus_37-3">d</a> <cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Steen2014" class="citation book cs1">van der Steen, Eveline (14 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d-_OBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT54">Near Eastern Tribal Societies During the Nineteenth Century: Economy, Society and Politics Between Tent and Town</a>. Routledge. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317543473" title="Special:BookSources/9781317543473"><bdi>9781317543473</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Near+Eastern+Tribal+Societies+During+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+Economy%2C+Society+and+Politics+Between+Tent+and+Town&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft.isbn=9781317543473&rft.aulast=van+der+Steen&rft.aufirst=Eveline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd-_OBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas-38">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-atlas_38-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFal-Nahar2014" class="citation book cs1">al-Nahar, Maysoun (11 Juin 2014). "The Abbasid Caliphate". In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/4913">Atlas of Jordan</a>. pp. 178–179. Retrieved 16 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Abbasid+Caliphate&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Jordan&rft.pages=178-179&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=al-Nahar&rft.aufirst=Maysoun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F4913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199821-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199821_39-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199822-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199822_40-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFPringlePringle1997" class="citation book cs1">Pringle, Denys; Pringle, Denys (11 December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.jo/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC">Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: An Archaeological Gazetteer</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521460101" title="Special:BookSources/9780521460101"><bdi>9780521460101</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secular+Buildings+in+the+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem%3A+An+Archaeological+Gazetteer&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997-12-11&rft.isbn=9780521460101&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=Denys&rft.au=Pringle%2C+Denys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.jo%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-_NbE5obqRMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199823-42">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199823_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199823_42-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas1-43"><a href="#cite_ref-atlas1_43-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFal-Nahar2014" class="citation book cs1">al-Nahar, Maysoun (11 Juin 2014). "Ayyubid and Mamluk Jordan". In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/ifpo/4998">Atlas of Jordan</a>. pp. 184–187. Retrieved 16 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ayyubid+and+Mamluk+Jordan&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Jordan&rft.pages=184-187&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=al-Nahar&rft.aufirst=Maysoun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F4998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199825-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199825_44-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFFriedmanFigg2013" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, John; Figg, Kristen (4 Julie 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-OmCfNI_SxAC&pg=PA11">Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia</a>. Routledge. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135590949" title="Special:BookSources/9781135590949"><bdi>9781135590949</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trade%2C+Travel%2C+and+Exploration+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft.isbn=9781135590949&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Figg%2C+Kristen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-OmCfNI_SxAC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199826-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199826_46-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-VSS-47">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-VSS_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VSS_47-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFRoganTell1994" class="citation book cs1">Rogan, Eugene; Tell, Tariq (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lh1_ernmsnwC">Village, Steppe and State: The Social Origins of Modern Jordan</a>. British Academic Press. pp. 37, 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850438298" title="Special:BookSources/9781850438298"><bdi>9781850438298</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village%2C+Steppe+and+State%3A+The+Social+Origins+of+Modern+Jordan&rft.pages=37%2C+47&rft.pub=British+Academic+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781850438298&rft.aulast=Rogan&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft.au=Tell%2C+Tariq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlh1_ernmsnwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlas10-48"><a href="#cite_ref-atlas10_48-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFal-Nahar2014" class="citation book cs1">al-Nahar, Maysoun (11 Juin 2014). "The Abbasid Caliphate". In Ababsa, Myriam (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/5002">The Impact of Ottoman Reforms</a>. pp. 198–201. Retrieved 19 Juin 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Abbasid+Caliphate&rft.btitle=The+Impact+of+Ottoman+Reforms&rft.pages=198-201&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=al-Nahar&rft.aufirst=Maysoun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fifpo%2F5002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199826,_27-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199826,_27_49-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 26, 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199827-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199827_50-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199830-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199830_51-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199831-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199831_52-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-cup-53">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-cup_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cup_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cup_53-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cup_53-3">d</a> <cite id="CITEREFRogan2002" class="citation book cs1">Rogan, Eugene (11 Apryle 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AMAbXGQDmDYC&pg=PA31">Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850–1921</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521892230" title="Special:BookSources/9780521892230"><bdi>9780521892230</bdi></a>. Retrieved 8 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontiers+of+the+State+in+the+Late+Ottoman+Empire%3A+Transjordan%2C+1850%E2%80%931921&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-04-11&rft.isbn=9780521892230&rft.aulast=Rogan&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAMAbXGQDmDYC%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199837-54">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199837_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199837_54-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 37. </li> <li id="cite_note-leg-55">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-leg_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leg_55-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leg_55-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leg_55-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leg_55-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-leg_55-5">f</a> <cite id="CITEREFMilton-EdwardsHinchcliffe2009" class="citation book cs1">Milton-Edwards, Beverley; Hinchcliffe, Peter (5 Juin 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HRV9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA14">Jordan: A Hashemite Legacy</a>. Routledge. p. 14−15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134105465" title="Special:BookSources/9781134105465"><bdi>9781134105465</bdi></a>. Retrieved 7 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan%3A+A+Hashemite+Legacy&rft.pages=14%E2%88%9215&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009-06-05&rft.isbn=9781134105465&rft.aulast=Milton-Edwards&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.au=Hinchcliffe%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHRV9AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199838-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199838_56-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199833-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199833_57-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 33. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199841-58">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199841_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199841_58-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199840-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199840_59-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-revolt-60"><a href="#cite_ref-revolt_60-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFTucker2005" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&pg=PA117">World War I: Encyclopedia, Volume 1</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851094202" title="Special:BookSources/9781851094202"><bdi>9781851094202</bdi></a>. Retrieved 5 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+I%3A+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781851094202&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2YqjfHLyyj8C%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFYapp2014" class="citation book cs1">Yapp, Malcolm (9 Januar 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6I7FBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT396">The Making of the Modern Near East 1792-1923</a>. Routledge. p. 396. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317871064" title="Special:BookSources/9781317871064"><bdi>9781317871064</bdi></a>. Retrieved 23 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Modern+Near+East+1792-1923&rft.pages=396&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014-01-09&rft.isbn=9781317871064&rft.aulast=Yapp&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6I7FBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199834-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199834_62-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 34. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199871-63"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199871_63-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-tell2013-64"><a href="#cite_ref-tell2013_64-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFTell2013" class="citation book cs1">Tell, Tariq Moraiwed (7 Januar 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XR56Jup9hwwC&pg=PT55">The Social and Economic Origins of Monarchy in Jordan</a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9781137015655">10.1057/9781137015655</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-29089-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-29089-5"><bdi>978-1-349-29089-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 23 Julie 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Social+and+Economic+Origins+of+Monarchy+in+Jordan&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013-01-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9781137015655&rft.isbn=978-1-349-29089-5&rft.aulast=Tell&rft.aufirst=Tariq+Moraiwed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXR56Jup9hwwC%26pg%3DPT55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199882-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199882_65-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 82. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199891-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199891_66-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199893-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199893_67-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 93. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi199896-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi199896_68-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi1998100-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi1998100_69-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalibi1998101-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalibi1998101_70-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalibi1998">Salibi 1998</a>, p. 101. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFBrowne2010" class="citation web cs1">Browne, O'Brien (10 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/creating-chaos-lawrence-of-arabia-and-the-1916-arab-revolt.htm">"Creating Chaos: Lawrence of Arabia and the 1916 Arab Revolt"</a>. HistoryNet, LLC. Retrieved 15 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creating+Chaos%3A+Lawrence+of+Arabia+and+the+1916+Arab+Revolt&rft.pub=HistoryNet%2C+LLC.&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=O%27Brien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fcreating-chaos-lawrence-of-arabia-and-the-1916-arab-revolt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> League of Nations Official Journal, Nov. 1922, pp. 1188–1189, 1390–1391. </li> <li id="cite_note-protectorate-73"><a href="#cite_ref-protectorate_73-0">↑</a> Marjorie M. Whiteman, Digest of International Law, vol. 1, U.S. State Department (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1963) pp 636, 650–652 </li> <li id="cite_note-modernjordan-74">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-modernjordan_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-modernjordan_74-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-modernjordan_74-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-modernjordan_74-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-modernjordan_74-4">e</a> <cite id="CITEREFSalibi1998" class="citation book cs1">Salibi, Kamal (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7zdi2sCuIh8C&pg=PA104">The Modern History of Jordan</a>. I.B.Tauris. pp. 10, 30, 31, 49, 104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-331-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-331-6"><bdi>978-1-86064-331-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 20 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+History+of+Jordan&rft.pages=10%2C+30%2C+31%2C+49%2C+104&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-331-6&rft.aulast=Salibi&rft.aufirst=Kamal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7zdi2sCuIh8C%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-encmew-75"><a href="#cite_ref-encmew_75-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFTucker2010" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer (10 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U05OvsOPeKMC&pg=PA662">The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 662. Retrieved 13 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Middle+East+Wars%3A+The+United+States+in+the+Persian+Gulf&rft.pages=662&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010-08-10&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU05OvsOPeKMC%26pg%3DPA662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FRUS1946-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FRUS1946_76-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/FRUS.FRUS1946v07">Foreign relations of the United States, 1946. The Near East and Africa, Vol. 7</a>. United States Department of State. 1946. pp. 794–800. Retrieved 13 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foreign+relations+of+the+United+States%2C+1946.+The+Near+East+and+Africa%2C+Vol.+7&rft.pages=794-800&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.date=1946&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.wisc.edu%2F1711.dl%2FFRUS.FRUS1946v07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFAruri1972" class="citation book cs1">Aruri, N.H. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GVaG4WGKj9MC&pg=PA90">Jordan: a study in political development (1921–1965)</a>. Springer Netherlands. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-247-1217-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-247-1217-5"><bdi>978-90-247-1217-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 20 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan%3A+a+study+in+political+development+%281921%E2%80%931965%29&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Springer+Netherlands&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-90-247-1217-5&rft.aulast=Aruri&rft.aufirst=N.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGVaG4WGKj9MC%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HKJ-78">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-HKJ_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HKJ_78-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFKhalil1962" class="citation book cs1">Khalil, Muhammad (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabstatesandthe012664mbp">The Arab States and the Arab League: a Documentary Record</a>. Beirut: Khayats. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arabstatesandthe012664mbp/page/n96">53</a>–54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+States+and+the+Arab+League%3A+a+Documentary+Record&rft.place=Beirut&rft.pages=53-54&rft.pub=Khayats&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Khalil&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farabstatesandthe012664mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMorris2008" class="citation book cs1">Morris, Benny (1 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CC7381HrLqcC">A History of the First Arab-Israeli War</a>. Yale University Press. pp. 214, 215. Retrieved 15 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+First+Arab-Israeli+War&rft.pages=214%2C+215&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCC7381HrLqcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-80">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_80-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFAruri1972" class="citation book cs1">Aruri, Naseer Hasan (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GVaG4WGKj9MC&pg=PA90">Jordan: a study in political development (1921–1965)</a>. Springer. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-247-1217-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-247-1217-5"><bdi>978-90-247-1217-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved 20 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan%3A+a+study+in+political+development+%281921%E2%80%931965%29&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-90-247-1217-5&rft.aulast=Aruri&rft.aufirst=Naseer+Hasan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGVaG4WGKj9MC%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSicker2001" class="citation book cs1">Sicker, Martin (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gHfw0Mv_uFUC&pg=PA187">The Middle East in the Twentieth Century</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96893-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-96893-9"><bdi>978-0-275-96893-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 20 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+East+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-275-96893-9&rft.aulast=Sicker&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgHfw0Mv_uFUC%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFEl-Hasan2010" class="citation book cs1">El-Hasan, Hasan Afif (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CjuzDY-WBr8C&pg=PA64">Israel Or Palestine? Is the Two-state Solution Already Dead?: A Political and Military History of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict</a>. Algora Publishing. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-793-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-793-9"><bdi>978-0-87586-793-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 20 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+Or+Palestine%3F+Is+the+Two-state+Solution+Already+Dead%3F%3A+A+Political+and+Military+History+of+the+Palestinian-Israeli+Conflict&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-87586-793-9&rft.aulast=El-Hasan&rft.aufirst=Hasan+Afif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCjuzDY-WBr8C%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kaiofh-83">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-kaiofh_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaiofh_83-1">b</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1951/jul/21/fromthearchive">"Assassination of King Abdullah"</a>. The Guardian. 21 Julie 1951. Retrieved 15 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Assassination+of+King+Abdullah&rft.date=1951-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheguardian%2F1951%2Fjul%2F21%2Ffromthearchive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kojt-84">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-kojt_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kojt_84-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-remembers-king-talal">"Jordan remembers King Talal"</a>. The Jordan Times. 6 Julie 2014. Retrieved 1 Juin 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jordan+remembers+King+Talal&rft.pub=The+Jordan+Times&rft.date=2014-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fjordan-remembers-king-talal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-poinjk-85">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-poinjk_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-poinjk_85-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFAikman2009" class="citation book cs1">Aikman, David (14 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RI0o-bfRAvIC&pg=PA90">The Mirage of Peace: Understanding the Never-Ending Conflict in the Middle East</a>. Gospel Light Publications. p. 90. Retrieved 1 Juin 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mirage+of+Peace%3A+Understanding+the+Never-Ending+Conflict+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Gospel+Light+Publications&rft.date=2009-08-14&rft.aulast=Aikman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRI0o-bfRAvIC%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMakdisiElbadawi2011" class="citation book cs1">Makdisi, Samir; Elbadawi, Ibrahim (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UhJBhHhpcBUC&pg=PA91">Democracy in the Arab World: Explaining the Deficit</a>. IDRC. p. 91. Retrieved 15 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+in+the+Arab+World%3A+Explaining+the+Deficit&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=IDRC&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Makdisi&rft.aufirst=Samir&rft.au=Elbadawi%2C+Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUhJBhHhpcBUC%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jejok-87">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-jejok_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jejok_87-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFMaddy-Weitzman1990" class="citation book cs1">Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (3 Januar 1990). "Jordan and Iraq: Efforts at Intra-Hashimite Unity". Middle Eastern Studies. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. pp. 65–75. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (page disna exeest)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/4283349">4283349</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jordan+and+Iraq%3A+Efforts+at+Intra-Hashimite+Unity&rft.btitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.pages=65-75&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis%2C+Ltd&rft.date=1990-01-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4283349&rft.aulast=Maddy-Weitzman&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jowars-88">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-jowars_88-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jowars_88-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jowars_88-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFSweet2008" class="citation book cs1">Sweet, Kathleen (23 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-bXMBQAAQBAJ">Aviation and Airport Security: Terrorism and Safety Concerns, Second Edition</a>. CRC Press. p. 79. Retrieved 27 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aviation+and+Airport+Security%3A+Terrorism+and+Safety+Concerns%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2008-12-23&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-bXMBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani-89">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muzaffar_Husain_Syed,_Syed_Saud_Akhtar,_B_D_Usmani_89-11">l</a> <cite id="CITEREFSyedAkhtarUsmani2011" class="citation book cs1">Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B D (24 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eACqCQAAQBAJ">Concise History of Islam</a>. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 378. Retrieved 15 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+History+of+Islam&rft.pages=378&rft.pub=Vij+Books+India+Pvt+Ltd&rft.date=2011-09-24&rft.aulast=Syed&rft.aufirst=Muzaffar+Husain&rft.au=Akhtar%2C+Syed+Saud&rft.au=Usmani%2C+B+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeACqCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kingabdullah.jo/index.php/en_US/pages/view/id/148.html">"His majesty King Abdullah II ibn Al-Hussein"</a>. King Abdullah II Official Website. Retrieved 15 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=His+majesty+King+Abdullah+II+ibn+Al-Hussein&rft.pub=King+Abdullah+II+Official+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingabdullah.jo%2Findex.php%2Fen_US%2Fpages%2Fview%2Fid%2F148.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFjohk-91">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFjohk_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFjohk_91-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFjohk_91-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/np/ms/2006/112806.htm">"Jordan—Concluding Statement for the 2006 Article IV Consultation and Fourth Post-Program Monitoring Discussions"</a>. International Monetary Fund. 28 November 2006. Retrieved 15 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jordan%E2%80%94Concluding+Statement+for+the+2006+Article+IV+Consultation+and+Fourth+Post-Program+Monitoring+Discussions&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2006-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fnp%2Fms%2F2006%2F112806.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-instability1-92"><a href="#cite_ref-instability1_92-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFSowell2016" class="citation web cs1">Sowell, Kirk (18 Mairch 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/?fa=63061">"Jordan is Sliding Toward Insolvency"</a>. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved 20 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jordan+is+Sliding+Toward+Insolvency&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.date=2016-03-18&rft.aulast=Sowell&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2Fsada%2F%3Ffa%3D63061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-acbsya-93">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-acbsya_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-acbsya_93-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-acbsya_93-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFCordesman2006" class="citation book cs1">Cordesman, Anthony (1 Januar 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3eZK7cm6pjoC&pg=PA228">Arab-Israeli Military Forces in an Era of Asymmetric Wars</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwood_Publishing_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenwood Publishing Group (page disna exeest)">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. 228. Retrieved 23 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab-Israeli+Military+Forces+in+an+Era+of+Asymmetric+Wars&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.aulast=Cordesman&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3eZK7cm6pjoC%26pg%3DPA228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMagid2016" class="citation web cs1">Magid, Aaron (17 Februar 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/jordan/2016-02-17/isis-meets-its-match">"ISIS Meets Its Match? How Jordan Has Prevented Large-Scale Attacks"</a>. Foreign Affairs. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 16 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=ISIS+Meets+Its+Match%3F+How+Jordan+Has+Prevented+Large-Scale+Attacks&rft.date=2016-02-17&rft.aulast=Magid&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Fjordan%2F2016-02-17%2Fisis-meets-its-match&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ahbbnyt-95"><a href="#cite_ref-ahbbnyt_95-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFFattahSlackmannov2005" class="citation web cs1">Fattah, Hassan; Slackmannov, Michael (10 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/10/world/middleeast/3-hotels-bombed-in-jordan-at-least-57-die.html">"3 Hotels Bombed in Jordan; At Least 57 Die"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 13 Februar 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=3+Hotels+Bombed+in+Jordan%3B+At+Least+57+Die&rft.date=2005-11-10&rft.aulast=Fattah&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft.au=Slackmannov%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F11%2F10%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F3-hotels-bombed-in-jordan-at-least-57-die.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jkfchh-96">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-jkfchh_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jkfchh_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jkfchh_96-2">c</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-02-02-jordan-cabinet_N.htm">"Jordan's king fires Cabinet amid protests"</a>. USA Today. The Associated Press. 2 Februar 2011. Retrieved 13 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jordan%27s+king+fires+Cabinet+amid+protests&rft.date=2011-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2011-02-02-jordan-cabinet_N.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hhjdrp-97">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-hhjdrp_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hhjdrp_97-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/new-elections-bill-sheds-one-vote-system">"New elections bill sheds one-vote system"</a>. The Jordan Times. 31 August 2015. Retrieved 13 Julie 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+elections+bill+sheds+one-vote+system&rft.pub=The+Jordan+Times&rft.date=2015-08-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnew-elections-bill-sheds-one-vote-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mattel-98"><a href="#cite_ref-mattel_98-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFTeller2002" class="citation book cs1">Teller, Matthew (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tI9L9gepYAUC">Jordan</a>. Rough Guides. pp. 173, 408. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781858287409" title="Special:BookSources/9781858287409"><bdi>9781858287409</bdi></a>. Retrieved 9 Apryle 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jordan&rft.pages=173%2C+408&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781858287409&rft.aulast=Teller&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtI9L9gepYAUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-geo-99">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-geo_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-geo_99-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFMcCoy2003" class="citation book cs1">McCoy, John (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Geo_data.html?id=tVIRAQAAMAAJ">Geo-data: The World Geographical Encyclopedia</a>. Gale Research Company. pp. 281–283. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780787655815" title="Special:BookSources/9780787655815"><bdi>9780787655815</bdi></a>. Retrieved 10 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geo-data%3A+The+World+Geographical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=281-283&rft.pub=Gale+Research+Company&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780787655815&rft.aulast=McCoy&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FGeo_data.html%3Fid%3DtVIRAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gbdss-100">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-gbdss_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gbdss_100-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFHaddadin2002" class="citation book cs1">Haddadin, Munther J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Hw_XY6VPm0C&pg=PA1">Diplomacy on Springer Science & Business Media</a>. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 1. Retrieved 14 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diplomacy+on+Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Haddadin&rft.aufirst=Munther+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Hw_XY6VPm0C%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-majocw-101">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-majocw_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-majocw_101-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-majocw_101-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFBlackMithen2011" class="citation book cs1">Black, Emily; Mithen, Steven (21 Apryle 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LbdAnZft2F4C&pg=PA404">Water, Life and Civilisation: Climate, Environment and Society in the Jordan Valley</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 404. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139496674" title="Special:BookSources/9781139496674"><bdi>9781139496674</bdi></a>. Retrieved 14 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Water%2C+Life+and+Civilisation%3A+Climate%2C+Environment+and+Society+in+the+Jordan+Valley&rft.pages=404&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011-04-21&rft.isbn=9781139496674&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.au=Mithen%2C+Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLbdAnZft2F4C%26pg%3DPA404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-obgjo-102">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-obgjo_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-obgjo_102-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFOxford_Business_Group2011" class="citation book cs1">Oxford Business Group (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lmPVOL9_r7MC&pg=PA11">The Report: Jordan 2011</a>. Oxford. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781907065439" title="Special:BookSources/9781907065439"><bdi>9781907065439</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Report%3A+Jordan+2011&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Oxford&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781907065439&rft.au=Oxford+Business+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlmPVOL9_r7MC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFCordova2007" class="citation book cs1">Cordova, Carlos E. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1eWaveyEIlcC&pg=PA47">Millennial Landscape Change in Jordan: Geoarchaeology and Cultural Ecology</a>. University of Arizona Press. pp. 47–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-2554-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-2554-6"><bdi>978-0-8165-2554-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 15 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Millennial+Landscape+Change+in+Jordan%3A+Geoarchaeology+and+Cultural+Ecology&rft.pages=47-55&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8165-2554-6&rft.aulast=Cordova&rft.aufirst=Carlos+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1eWaveyEIlcC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMallon,_David_P.Kingswood,_Steven_Charles2001" class="citation book cs1">Mallon, David P.; Kingswood, Steven Charles (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uFo03Nd2oj8C&pg=PA103">Antelopes: North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia</a>. IUCN. pp. 103–104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0594-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0594-1"><bdi>978-2-8317-0594-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 31 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antelopes%3A+North+Africa%2C+the+Middle+East%2C+and+Asia&rft.pages=103-104&rft.pub=IUCN&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-2-8317-0594-1&rft.au=Mallon%2C+David+P.&rft.au=Kingswood%2C+Steven+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuFo03Nd2oj8C%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFNamrouqa2016" class="citation news cs1">Namrouqa, Hana (10 Januar 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/green-cover-increases-15000-dunums-three-years#sthash.lGaoiX1k.aMrxTrjE.dpuf">"'Green cover increases by 15,000 dunums in three years'"</a>. The Jordan Times. Retrieved 11 Januar 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Green+cover+increases+by+15%2C000+dunums+in+three+years%27&rft.date=2016-01-10&rft.aulast=Namrouqa&rft.aufirst=Hana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jordantimes.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fgreen-cover-increases-15000-dunums-three-years%23sthash.lGaoiX1k.aMrxTrjE.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFCordova,_Carlos_E.2007" class="citation book cs1">Cordova, Carlos E. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1eWaveyEIlcC&pg=PA47">Millennial Landscape Change in Jordan: Geoarchaeology and Cultural Ecology</a>. University of Arizona Press. pp. 47–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-2554-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-2554-6"><bdi>978-0-8165-2554-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Millennial+Landscape+Change+in+Jordan%3A+Geoarchaeology+and+Cultural+Ecology&rft.pages=47-55&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8165-2554-6&rft.au=Cordova%2C+Carlos+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1eWaveyEIlcC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jordan-107"><a href="#cite_ref-Jordan_107-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/geo_env2.html">"Wildlife and vegetation"</a>. Jordan: Geography and Environment. Retrieved 18 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wildlife+and+vegetation&rft.pub=Jordan%3A+Geography+and+Environment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kinghussein.gov.jo%2Fgeo_env2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223038/http://www.jtb.com.jo/brochures/eco_shumari.html">"Shaumari Wildlife Reserve"</a>. Jordan Tourism Board. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jtb.com.jo/brochures/eco_shumari.html">the original</a> on 3 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shaumari+Wildlife+Reserve&rft.pub=Jordan+Tourism+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jtb.com.jo%2Fbrochures%2Feco_shumari.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMallon,_David_P.Kingswood,_Steven_Charles2001" class="citation book cs1">Mallon, David P.; Kingswood, Steven Charles (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uFo03Nd2oj8C&pg=PA103">Antelopes: North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia</a>. IUCN. pp. 103–104. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0594-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0594-1"><bdi>978-2-8317-0594-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antelopes%3A+North+Africa%2C+the+Middle+East%2C+and+Asia&rft.pages=103-104&rft.pub=IUCN&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-2-8317-0594-1&rft.au=Mallon%2C+David+P.&rft.au=Kingswood%2C+Steven+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuFo03Nd2oj8C%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qumsiyeh-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Qumsiyeh_110-0">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFMazin_B._Qumsiyeh1996" class="citation book cs1">Mazin B. Qumsiyeh (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Amr2oLxnR10C&pg=PA332">Mammals of the Holy Land</a>. Texas Tech University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-364-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89672-364-1"><bdi>978-0-89672-364-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mammals+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.pub=Texas+Tech+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-89672-364-1&rft.au=Mazin+B.+Qumsiyeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAmr2oLxnR10C%26pg%3DPA332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181020155345/http://www.rscn.org.jo/content/mujib-biosphere-reserve-1">"Mujib Biosphere Reserve"</a>. Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rscn.org.jo/content/mujib-biosphere-reserve-1">the original</a> on 20 October 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mujib+Biosphere+Reserve&rft.pub=Royal+Society+for+the+Conservation+of+Nature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rscn.org.jo%2Fcontent%2Fmujib-biosphere-reserve-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-const-112">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-const_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-const_112-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-const_112-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-const_112-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutionnet.org/country/constitutional-history-jordan">"Constitutional history of Jordan"</a>. Constitutionnet. 28 Apryle 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitutionnet&rft.atitle=Constitutional+history+of+Jordan&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.constitutionnet.org%2Fcountry%2Fconstitutional-history-jordan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010223/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2016/jordan">"Jordan"</a>. Freedom House. 1 Januar 2016. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2016/jordan">the original</a> on 21 Februar 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom+House&rft.atitle=Jordan&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Ffreedom-world%2F2016%2Fjordan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muni-114">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Muni_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muni_114-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160419052114/http://mota.gov.jo/Documents/Municipal_sector.pdf">"Annex B: Analysis of the municipal sector"</a> (PDF). Third Tourism Development Project, Secondary Cities Revitalization Study. Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. 24 Mey 2005. p. 4. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mota.gov.jo/Documents/Municipal_sector.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 19 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Third+Tourism+Development+Project%2C+Secondary+Cities+Revitalization+Study&rft.atitle=Annex+B%3A+Analysis+of+the+municipal+sector&rft.pages=4&rft.date=2005-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mota.gov.jo%2FDocuments%2FMunicipal_sector.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census_report-115"><a href="#cite_ref-census_report_115-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328114309/http://census.dos.gov.jo/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/02/Census_results_2016.pdf">"2015 census report"</a> (PDF). Government of Jordan. Department of statistics. 1 Januar 2016. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://census.dos.gov.jo/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/02/Census_results_2016.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 Mairch 2016. Retrieved 15 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Jordan&rft.atitle=2015+census+report&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensus.dos.gov.jo%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F2%2F2016%2F02%2FCensus_results_2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"> Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/jordan-population/">"Jordan Population 2017 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)"</a>. worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 7 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldpopulationreview.com&rft.atitle=Jordan+Population+2017+%28Demographics%2C+Maps%2C+Graphs%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldpopulationreview.com%2Fcountries%2Fjordan-population%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pewforum-117"><a href="#cite_ref-pewforum_117-0">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/">"Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation"</a>. The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pew_Research_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pew Research Center (page disna exeest)">Pew Research Center</a>. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World%27s+Muslims%3A+Unity+and+Diversity&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+Religious+Affiliation&rft.date=2012-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2012%2F08%2F09%2Fthe-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFKurshid" class="citation web cs1">Kurshid, Ahmad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160513024917/https://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/56.html">"Propagation of Islam"</a>. Al Islam. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.alislam.org/library/history/ahmadiyya/56.html">the original</a> on 13 Mey 2016. Retrieved 16 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Propagation+of+Islam&rft.pub=Al+Islam&rft.aulast=Kurshid&rft.aufirst=Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alislam.org%2Flibrary%2Fhistory%2Fahmadiyya%2F56.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <cite id="CITEREFNicky2012" class="citation news cs1">Nicky, Adam (27 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121128220658/http://www.jewishjournal.com/live_from_the_arab_spring/article/shiites_in_jordan_maintained_low_profile_while_marking_ashura_observance">"Shiites in Jordan maintained low profile while marking Ashura observance"</a>. The Media Line. The Jewish Journal. Archived frae <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishjournal.com/live_from_the_arab_spring/article/shiites_in_jordan_maintained_low_profile_while_marking_ashura_observance">the original</a> on 28 November 2012. Retrieved 16 Mairch 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Media+Line&rft.atitle=Shiites+in+Jordan+maintained+low+profile+while+marking+Ashura+observance&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft.aulast=Nicky&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishjournal.com%2Flive_from_the_arab_spring%2Farticle%2Fshiites_in_jordan_maintained_low_profile_while_marking_ashura_observance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/238674.pdf">"Jordan 2014 International Religious Freedom Report"</a> (PDF). U.S. Department of State. 1 Januar 2014. Retrieved 16 Juin 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jordan+2014+International+Religious+Freedom+Report&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F238674.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Faur_readin">Faur readin</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Eedit section: Faur readin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">eedit</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Faur readin">eedit soorce</a>]</div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFSalibi1993" class="citation book cs1">Salibi, Kamal S. (1993). The Modern History of Jordan. London: I B Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1860643316" title="Special:BookSources/978-1860643316"><bdi>978-1860643316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+History+of+Jordan&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I+B+Tauris&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-1860643316&rft.aulast=Salibi&rft.aufirst=Kamal+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsco.wikipedia.org%3AJordan" class="Z3988"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r809032"></li></ul> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jordan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jordan">Jordan</a>.</td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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