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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charakteristika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Charakteristika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Charakteristika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Charakteristika</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Charakteristika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Respiračná_acidóza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Respiračná_acidóza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Respiračná acidóza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Respiračná_acidóza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metabolická_acidóza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metabolická_acidóza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Metabolická acidóza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metabolická_acidóza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referencie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zdroje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zdroje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zdroje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zdroje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Acidóza</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 47 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B6_(%D8%B7%D8%A8)" title="حماض (طب) – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حماض (طب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Ацидоза – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ацидоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidoza" title="Acidoza – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Acidoza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosi" title="Acidosi – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acidosi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidose" title="Acidose – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Acidose" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azidose" title="Azidose – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Azidose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CE%AD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Οξέωση – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οξέωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosis" title="Acidosis – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Acidosis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosis" title="Acidosis – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acidosis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atsidoos" title="Atsidoos – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Atsidoos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azidosi" title="Azidosi – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azidosi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2" title="اسیدوز – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسیدوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asidoosi" title="Asidoosi – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Asidoosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidose" title="Acidose – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acidose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidose" title="Acidose – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Acidose" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%AA_(%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A1)" title="חמצת (אצידוזיס) – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חמצת (אצידוזיס)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="अम्लरक्तता – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अम्लरक्तता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid%C3%B3zis" title="Acidózis – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Acidózis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%A6" title="Ացիդոզ – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ացիդոզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asidosis" title="Asidosis – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Asidosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sii%C4%A1%E1%B8%B7an%C5%8Bui%E1%B8%B7%E1%B8%B7ai%C4%A1%C3%B1iq" title="Siiġḷanŋuiḷḷaiġñiq – inupik" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Siiġḷanŋuiḷḷaiġñiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosi" title="Acidosi – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acidosi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B7%E3%83%89%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%81%A8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9" title="アシドーシスとアルカローシス – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アシドーシスとアルカローシス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="აციდოზი – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აციდოზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Ацидоз – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ацидоз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B1%ED%98%88%EC%A6%9D" title="산성혈증 – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산성혈증" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Ацидоз – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ацидоз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidoz%C4%97" title="Acidozė – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Acidozė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asidosis" title="Asidosis – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Asidosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azidoos" title="Azidoos – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Azidoos" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidose" title="Acidose – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Acidose" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidose" title="Acidose – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Acidose" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidose" title="Acidose – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Acidose" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwasica" title="Kwasica – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwasica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%DA%89%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B2" title="اسيډوسېز – paštčina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسيډوسېز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidose" title="Acidose – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Acidose" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidoz%C4%83" title="Acidoză – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acidoză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Ацидоз – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ацидоз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidos" title="Acidos – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Acidos" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Асидоз – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Асидоз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ภาวะกรดเกิน – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาวะกรดเกิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asidosis" title="Asidosis – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asidosis" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asidoz" title="Asidoz – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" 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lang="sk" dir="ltr"><p><b>Acidóza</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin%C4%8Dina" title="Latinčina">lat.</a> <span style="cursor:help" lang="la" dir="ltr" title="latinsky"><i>acidosis</i></span>) je porucha <a href="/wiki/Homeost%C3%A1za" title="Homeostáza">homeostázy</a> vnútorného prostredia, ktorej podstatou je vzostup koncentrácie vodíkových iónov H<sup>+</sup> v <a href="/wiki/Extracelul%C3%A1rna_tekutina" title="Extracelulárna tekutina">extracelulárnej tekutine</a> organizmu a poklesom <a href="/wiki/PH" class="mw-disambig" title="PH">pH</a> pod hodnotu 7,36.<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stabilná hodnota pH je nevyhnutná pre správny priebeh veľkého množstva <a href="/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_reakcia" title="Chemická reakcia">chemických reakcií</a>, prebiehajúcich v organizme. Porucha regulácie acidózy vedie k rozvratu vnútorného prostredia až k smrti. Na regulácií sa podieľajú <a href="/wiki/Obli%C4%8Dka" title="Oblička">obličky</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C4%BE%C3%BAca" title="Pľúca">pľúca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pe%C4%8De%C5%88" title="Pečeň">pečeň</a> aj <a href="/wiki/Tenk%C3%A9_%C4%8Drevo" title="Tenké črevo">tenké črevo</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charakteristika">Charakteristika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid%C3%B3za&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: Charakteristika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid%C3%B3za&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Charakteristika"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acidóza označuje zvýšenú kyslosť alebo <a href="/wiki/Kyslos%C5%A5" title="Kyslosť">aciditu</a> (zvýšenú koncentráciu <a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">vodíkových</a> <a href="/wiki/Kati%C3%B3n" title="Katión">katiónov</a>). Ak nie je bližšie určená, vzťahuje sa zvyčajne na kyslosť <a href="/wiki/Krvn%C3%A1_plazma" title="Krvná plazma">krvnej plazmy</a>. O acidóze hovoríme keď pH <a href="/wiki/Tepna" title="Tepna">arteriálnej</a> krvi poklesne pod 7,36; naopak <a href="/wiki/Alkal%C3%B3za" title="Alkalóza">alkalóza</a> označuje hodnoty pH nad 7,44.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na odlíšenie bežných príčin acidózy sa používa okrem iného analýza krvných plynov v arteriálnej krvi. </p><p>Stav nízkeho pH v krvi sa označuje tiež acidémia, pričom acidóza tu môže označovať procesy vedúce k poklesu pH. Lekári však niekedy využívajú oba termíny na popis rovnakých javov. Rozdiel sa môže prejaviť v prípadoch kde sú u pacienta prítomné faktory vedúce k acidóze i alkalóze a ich vplyv rozhodne, či dôjde ku zvýšeniu alebo zníženiu pH. </p><p>Intenzita bunkového <a href="/wiki/Metabolizmus" class="mw-disambig" title="Metabolizmus">metabolizmu</a> a pH telových tekutín sa vzájomne ovplyvňujú. U <a href="/wiki/Cicavec" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicavec">cicavcov</a> je normálne pH arteriálnej krvi v rozmedzí 7,35 a 7,45 v závislosti od konkrétneho druhu (napr. u človeka je to 7,36 až 7,44). Hodnoty pH krvi ešte zlúčiteľné so životom sú u cicavcov v rozmedzí 6,8 a 7,8. Výkyvy pH arteriálnej krvi (a následne aj extracelulárnej tekutiny) vedú k trvalému poškodeniu bunky (Needham, 2004). </p><p>Rozoznávajú sa 2 typy acidózy:<sup id="cite_ref-EB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>metabolická acidóza</i> – vzniká napríklad pri nedostatku <a href="/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík">kyslíka</a> v tkanivách, pri stratách alkalického črevného obsahu (<a href="/wiki/Hna%C4%8Dka" title="Hnačka">hnačky</a>), pri neliečenej cukrovke (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Diabetick%C3%A1_ketoacid%C3%B3za&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diabetická ketoacidóza (stránka neexistuje)">diabetická ketoacidóza</a>)</li> <li><i>respiračná acidóza</i> – vzniká napríklad pri ťažkých chronických ochoreniach <a href="/wiki/P%C4%BE%C3%BAca" title="Pľúca">pľúc</a> a pri útlme dychového centra</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Respiračná_acidóza"><span id="Respira.C4.8Dn.C3.A1_acid.C3.B3za"></span>Respiračná acidóza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid%C3%B3za&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Respiračná acidóza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid%C3%B3za&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Respiračná acidóza"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Respiračná acidóza vzniká pri zvýšení koncentrácie <a href="/wiki/Oxid_uhli%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid uhličitý">oxidu uhličitého</a> v krvi (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperkapnia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyperkapnia (stránka neexistuje)">hyperkapnia</a>) v dôsledku nedostatočného <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BDchanie" title="Dýchanie">dýchania</a>. Najčastejšie sú príčiny v oblasti pľúc, ale spôsobiť ju môžu aj poranenia hlavy, drogy a lieky (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Anestetik%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anestetiká (stránka neexistuje)">anestetiká</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sedat%C3%ADva" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedatíva">sedatíva</a>), alebo mozgový <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1dor" title="Nádor">nádor</a>. Medzi najbežnejšie príčiny patria <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pneumothorax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pneumothorax (stránka neexistuje)">pneumothorax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emfyz%C3%A9m" class="mw-disambig" title="Emfyzém">emfyzém</a>, chronická <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronchit%C3%ADda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronchitída (stránka neexistuje)">bronchitída</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astma" title="Astma">astma</a>, ťažký <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1pal_p%C4%BE%C3%BAc" class="mw-redirect" title="Zápal pľúc">zápal pľúc</a> a <a href="/wiki/Aspir%C3%A1cia" class="mw-disambig" title="Aspirácia">aspirácia</a>. Môže sa tiež vyskytnúť ako kompenzácia chronickej metabolickej alkalózy. </p><p>Respiračná acidóza sa dá odlíšiť od metabolickej tak, že kým je koncentrácia <a href="/wiki/Oxid_uhli%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid uhličitý">CO<sub>2</sub></a> zvýšená, koncentrácia <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenuhli%C4%8Ditan" title="Hydrogenuhličitan">hydrogenuhličitanového</a> <a href="/wiki/Ani%C3%B3n" title="Anión">aniónu</a> je buď normálna (nekompenzovaná) alebo zvýšená (kompenzovaná). Ku kompenzácii dochádza, keď prejde respiračná acidóza do chronickej fázy a organizmus sa snaží tlmiť acidózu zadržiavaním hydrogenuhličitanov v obličkách. </p><p>Pri stavoch, kde chronické ochorenie dlhodobo narúša činnosť pľúc, napr. pri finálnych štádiách emfyzému a niektorých typoch <a href="/wiki/Svalov%C3%A1_dystrofia" title="Svalová dystrofia">svalovej dystrofie</a>, však kompenzačné mechanizmy nestačia vyrovnať stav nízkeho pH. Pri dosiahnutí limitu tvorby hydrogenuhličitanových iónov, alebo ak ani infúzia hydrogenuhličitanu nedokáže kompenzovať nahromadenie oxidu uhličitého v krvi u nekompenzovanej acidózy, aplikuje sa zvyčajne <a href="/wiki/Mechanick%C3%A1_ventil%C3%A1cia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanická ventilácia">mechanická ventilácia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metabolická_acidóza"><span id="Metabolick.C3.A1_acid.C3.B3za"></span>Metabolická acidóza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid%C3%B3za&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Metabolická acidóza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid%C3%B3za&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Metabolická acidóza"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metabolická acidóza je stav zvýšenej tvorby metabolických kyselín, zvyčajne v dôsledku narušenia schopnosti vylučovania kyselín prostredníctvom obličiek. Renálna acidóza je spojená s kumuláciou <a href="/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dovina" title="Močovina">močoviny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kreatin%C3%ADn" title="Kreatinín">kreatinínu</a> a iných produktov rozkladu bielkovín. </p><p>Zvýšená tvorba iných kyselín môže tiež vyvolať metabolickú acidózu. Napríklad <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_mlie%C4%8Dna" title="Kyselina mliečna">kyselina mliečna</a> môže vyvolať acidózu napr. pri ťažkej hypoxémii (tlak O<sub>2</sub> v krvi pod 36 <a href="/wiki/Tlak#Jednotky" title="Tlak">mm Hg</a>) ktorá vyvolá znížený prienik kyslíka do tkanív, alebo pri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypoperf%C3%BAzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypoperfúzia (stránka neexistuje)">hypoperfúzii</a> (napr. pri <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ok" class="mw-disambig" title="Šok">šoku</a>) kde dochádza k nedostatočnému prekrveniu tkanív. Ak koncentrácia kyseliny mliečnej rastie bez zodpovedajúceho nárastu <a href="/wiki/Pyruv%C3%A1t" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyruvát">pyruvátu</a>, môže poukazovať na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaer%C3%B3bny_metabolizmus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaeróbny metabolizmus (stránka neexistuje)">anaeróbny metabolizmus</a> vo <a href="/wiki/Sval" title="Sval">svaloch</a> s akým sa stretávame aj pri namáhavom cvičení. Po obnovení dodavky kyslíka acidóza rýchlo ustúpi. Ďalší stav zvýšenej tvorby kyselín v tele sa vyskytuje pri hladovaní a <a href="/wiki/Cukrovka" class="mw-disambig" title="Cukrovka">diabetickej acidóze</a>. Je spôsobený kumuláciou <a href="/wiki/Ketokyselina" title="Ketokyselina">ketokyselín</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketoacid%C3%B3za&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketoacidóza (stránka neexistuje)">ketoacidóza</a>) a poukazuje na výrazný posun z <a href="/wiki/Glykol%C3%BDza" title="Glykolýza">glykolýzy</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipol%C3%BDza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipolýza (stránka neexistuje)">lipolýzu</a> s cieľom pokryť energetické potreby tela. </p><p>Metabolická acidóza môže tiež vzniknúť pri požití kyselín, zvýšenej koncentrácii <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">železa</a> v krvi a pri dlhodobom poklese tvorby hydrogenuhličitanov. </p><p>Pri metabolickej acidóze dochádza ku kompenzácii činnosťou pľúc, keďže dochádza k väčšiemu vylučovaniu CO<sub>2</sub> pľúcami, čo opäť znižuje rovnováhu pH v krvi. Ide o reakciu na stimuláciu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemoreceptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemoreceptor (stránka neexistuje)">chemoreceptorov</a>, ktorej cieľom je zvýšiť <a href="/wiki/P%C4%BE%C3%BAcny_mech%C3%BArik" title="Pľúcny mechúrik">alveolárnu</a> ventiláciu v snahe kompenzovať aciditu, tzv. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kussmaulovo_d%C3%BDchanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kussmaulovo dýchanie (stránka neexistuje)">Kussmaulovo dýchanie</a>. Ak príčina pretrváva, je riziko, že sa pacient vyčerpá a dôjde k zlyhaniu dýchania. </p><p>Mutácie v a4 alebo B1 izoformách V-ATPázy vedú k acidóze obličkových tubulov, čoho dôsledkom môže byť metabolická acidóza, v niektorých prípadoch aj strata <a href="/wiki/Sluch" title="Sluch">sluchu</a> v dôsledku poškodenia sluchového nervu. </p><p>Pri metabolickej acidóze pozorujeme nízke pH arteriálnej krvi za nízkeho HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> a normálneho alebo nízkeho tlaku CO<sub>2</sub>. Popri analýze plynov arteriálnej krvi môže pomôcť odlíšiť možné príčiny zistenie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ani%C3%B3nov%C3%A1_medzera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aniónová medzera (stránka neexistuje)">aniónovej medzery</a>. </p><p>Keďže krv je príklad pufrovaného roztoku je pri výpočte pH užitočná <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henderson-Hasselbachova_rovnica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henderson-Hasselbachova rovnica (stránka neexistuje)">Henderson-Hasselbachova rovnica</a>. Množstvo metabolických kyselín môže byť tiež kvantifikované zistením odchýlky <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A1razn%C3%ADkov%C3%A9_b%C3%A1zy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nárazníkové bázy (stránka neexistuje)">nárazníkových báz</a> – ide o odhad podielu metabolického a respiračného komponentu na acidóze. Pri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypovolemick%C3%BD_%C5%A1ok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hypovolemický šok (stránka neexistuje)">hypovolemickom šoku</a> napríklad približne polovicu metabolickej kyseliny predstavuje kyselina mliečna a táto je odstránená zabezpečením prekrvenia a vyrovnaním <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kysl%C3%ADkov%C3%BD_dlh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyslíkový dlh (stránka neexistuje)">kyslíkového dlhu</a>. </p><p>Terapia nekompenzovanej metabolickej acidózy je zameraná na riešenie príčiny jej vzniku. Keď sa však nedarí telu kompenzovať acidózu adekvátne pľúcami, môže byť potrebné kompenzovať ju infúziou uhličitanov. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid%C3%B3za&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid%C3%B3za&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB_1-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">acidóza. In:  <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Beliana" title="Encyclopaedia Beliana">Encyclopaedia Beliana</a></i>. 1. vyd. Bratislava : <a href="/wiki/Encyklopedick%C3%BD_%C3%BAstav_Slovenskej_akad%C3%A9mie_vied" title="Encyklopedický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied">Encyklopedický ústav SAV</a>; <a href="/wiki/VEDA,_vydavate%C4%BEstvo_Slovenskej_akad%C3%A9mie_vied" title="VEDA, vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied">Veda</a>, 1999. 696 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/80-224-0554-X" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/80-224-0554-X">ISBN <span class="ISBN">80-224-0554-X</span></a></span>. Zväzok 1. (A – Belk), s. 40. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">DROSTE, Conrad a kol. <i>Memorix: Vademecum lékaře</i>. Praha : Scientia Medica, 1992. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/80-85526-04-2" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/80-85526-04-2">ISBN <span class="ISBN">80-85526-04-2</span></a></span>. Kapitola Pneumologie, s. 109. (česky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Respiratory acidosis</i> [online]. U.S. National Library of Medicine, [cit. 2012-09-05]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000092.htm">Dostupné online.</a> (anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal">BYRD, Ryland P. <i>Respiratory Acidosis</i> [online]. WebMD LLC, rev. 2011-10-03, [cit. 2012-09-05]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic2008.htm">Dostupné online.</a> (anglicky)</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zdroje">Zdroje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid%C3%B3za&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zdroje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid%C3%B3za&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zdroje"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><i>Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosis">Acidosis</a> na anglickej Wikipédii (číslo revízie nebolo určené).</i></span>, ktorý cituje: <ul><li>Hobler KE, Carey LC. <i>Effect of acute progressive hypoxemia on cardiac output and plasma excess lactate.</i> Ann Surg. 1973 Feb;177(2):199-202.</li> <li>Hobler KE, Napodano RJ. <i>Tolerance of swine to acute blood volume deficits.</i> J Trauma. 1974 Aug;14(8):716-8.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/getbook.php?isbn=0071346821&template=medical">Rose, Post: <i>Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060709062851/http://books.mcgraw-hill.com/getbook.php?isbn=0071346821&template=medical">Archivované</a> 2006-07-09 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lww.com/product/?0-7817-3548-3">Irwin, Rippe: <i>Intensive Care Medicine</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051107202505/http://www.lww.com/product/?0-7817-3548-3">Archivované</a> 2005-11-07 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lww.com/product/?0-683-05565-8">Marino: <i>The ICU Book</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060422151531/http://www.lww.com/product/?0-683-05565-8">Archivované</a> 2006-04-22 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Needham, A. 2004. <i>Comparative and Environmental Physiology Acidosis and Alkalosis.</i></li></ul></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Zdroj: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acidóza&oldid=7686043">https://sk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acidóza&oldid=7686043</a>“</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kateg%C3%B3rie" title="Špeciálne:Kategórie">Kategórie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Intern%C3%A9_lek%C3%A1rstvo" title="Kategória:Interné lekárstvo">Interné lekárstvo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Klinick%C3%A1_bioch%C3%A9mia" title="Kategória:Klinická biochémia">Klinická biochémia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrytá kategória: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kateg%C3%B3ria:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategória:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Dátum a čas poslednej úpravy tejto stránky: 13. október 2023, 02:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text je dostupný za podmienok <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 4.0 Unported</a>; prípadne za ďalších podmienok. 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