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placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">เลนส์ถ่ายภาพ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 51 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="عدسة تصوير ضوئي – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عدسة تصوير ضوئي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obyektiv" title="Obyektiv – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Obyektiv" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E" title="Аб’ектыў – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аб’ектыў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%E2%80%99%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%9E" title="Аб’ектыў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аб’ектыў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Обектив – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обектив" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenneg" title="Ferenneg – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ferenneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectiu" title="Objectiu – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Objectiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="لێنزی کامێرا – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لێنزی کامێرا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotografick%C3%BD_objektiv" title="Fotografický objektiv – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fotografický objektiv" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Φωτογραφικός φακός – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωτογραφικός φακός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Camera lens" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektivo" title="Objektivo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Objektivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objetivo_(fotograf%C3%ADa)" title="Objetivo (fotografía) – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Objetivo (fotografía)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektiiv" title="Objektiiv – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Objektiiv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektibo_(argazkilaritza)" title="Objektibo (argazkilaritza) – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Objektibo (argazkilaritza)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="لنز دوربین – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لنز دوربین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektiivi" title="Objektiivi – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Objektiivi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectif_photographique" title="Objectif photographique – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Objectif photographique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%94)" title="עדשה (מצלמה) – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עדשה (מצלמה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektiv" title="Objektiv – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Objektiv" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objekt%C3%ADv_(f%C3%A9nyk%C3%A9p%C3%A9szet)" title="Objektív (fényképészet) – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Objektív (fényképészet)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A2%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BE" title="Օբյեկտիվ – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օբյեկտիվ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lensa_fotografi" title="Lensa fotografi – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lensa fotografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obiettivo_(fotografia)" title="Obiettivo (fotografia) – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Obiettivo (fotografia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA" title="写真レンズ – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="写真レンズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Объектив – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Объектив" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%8F" title="កែវម៉ាស៊ីនថត – เขมร" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កែវម៉ាស៊ីនថត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="เขมร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A9%94%EB%9D%BC_%EB%A0%8C%EC%A6%88" title="카메라 렌즈 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카메라 렌즈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Объектив – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Объектив" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objekt%C4%ABvs" title="Objektīvs – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Objektīvs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Објектив – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Објектив" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ക്യാമറ ലെൻസ് – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്യാമറ ലെൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanta_fotografi" title="Kanta fotografi – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kanta fotografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objectief_(fotografie)" title="Objectief (fotografie) – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Objectief (fotografie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektiv" title="Objektiv – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Objektiv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektiv" title="Objektiv – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Objektiv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obiektyw_fotograficzny" title="Obiektyw fotograficzny – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obiektyw fotograficzny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objetiva_(fotografia)" title="Objetiva (fotografia) – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Objetiva (fotografia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Объектив – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Объектив" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A0" title="කැමරා කාච – สิงหล" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැමරා කාච" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="สิงหล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Camera lens" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotografick%C3%BD_objekt%C3%ADv" title="Fotografický objektív – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fotografický objektív" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektiv" title="Objektiv – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Objektiv" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Објектив – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Објектив" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektiv" title="Objektiv – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Objektiv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="ஒளிப்படக்கருவி வில்லை – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒளிப்படக்கருவி வில்லை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="కెమెరా కటకం – เตลูกู" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కెమెరా కటకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="เตลูกู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objektif_(foto%C4%9Fraf%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1k)" title="Objektif (fotoğrafçılık) – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Objektif (fotoğrafçılık)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%27%D1%94%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Об'єктив – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Об'єктив" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8F%A1%E9%A0%AD" title="鏡頭 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鏡頭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8F%A1%E9%A0%AD" title="鏡頭 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鏡頭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192234#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> 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id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q192234" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Photographic_lenses_front_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Photographic_lenses_front_view.jpg/290px-Photographic_lenses_front_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Photographic_lenses_front_view.jpg/435px-Photographic_lenses_front_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Photographic_lenses_front_view.jpg/580px-Photographic_lenses_front_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3815" data-file-height="2539" /></a><figcaption>เลนส์ถ่ายภาพหลายชนิด</figcaption></figure> <p><b>เลนส์ถ่ายภาพ</b> เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_(%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="เลนส์ (ทัศนศาสตร์)">เลนส์</a>ที่ใช้เป็นส่วนประกอบหนึ่งของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E" title="กล้องถ่ายภาพ">กล้องถ่ายภาพ</a> ใช้สำหรับเป็นกลไกหนึ่งในการให้แสงสะท้อนกับวัตถุส่งผ่านเข้ามาสู่ในกล้อง เลนส์ถ่ายภาพมีหลายแบบทั้งแบบที่ติดตั้งกับกล้องและแบบที่สามารถแยกชิ้นส่วนออกมาได้ และสามารถปรับเปลี่ยน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" title="รูรับแสง">รูรับแสง</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ความยาวโฟกัส">ความยาวโฟกัส</a> และคุณสมบัติอื่น ๆ </p><p>ประเภทของเลนส์ถ่ายภาพ แบ่งได้ 6 ชนิด ได้แก่ </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="เลนส์มาตรฐาน">เลนส์มาตรฐาน</a> (standard lens) หรือ เลนส์ปกติ (normal lens) เป็นเลนส์ที่มีความสามารถรับภาพได้ ขนาดเท่ากับที่ตามนุษย์มองเห็น ไม่ว่าจะเป็นด้านกว้างหรือด้านยาว รวมทั้งระยะความใกล้ไกลพอ ๆ กับการรับรู้ทางตาของมนุษย์</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เลนส์มุมกว้าง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เลนส์มุมกว้าง</a> (wide-field lens, wide-angle lens, short lens) เป็นเลนส์ที่มีความยาวโฟกัสสั้นกว่าเลนส์มาตรฐาน หรือเลนส์ที่ใช้ถ่ายภาพปกติธรรมดาทั่ว ๆ ไป ฉะนั้น การใช้เลนส์มุมกว้างถ่ายภาพจึงครอบคลุมพื้นที่ได้มากกว่าเลนส์ทั่วไปและยังได้ระยะชัดลึกตลอดทั้งภาพ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="เลนส์ถ่ายไกล">เลนส์ถ่ายไกล</a> (telephoto lens) หรือ เลนส์มุมแคบ (narrow-angle lens) เป็นเลนส์ที่มีความยาวโฟกัสยาวกว่าเลนส์ธรรมดาและมีมุมถ่ายภาพแคบมาก จึงทำให้ภาพที่ได้มีขนาดใหญ่กว่าภาพที่ถ่ายด้วยเลนส์ปกติ</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="เลนส์ตาปลา">เลนส์ตาปลา</a> (fisheye lens) เป็นเลนส์ที่มีลักษณะคล้ายตาของปลาที่ว่ายอยู่ในน้ำ กินมุมในระยะถ่ายภาพได้กว้างมากถึง 180 องศา มากกว่าเลนส์ทุกชนิด</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เลนส์ซูม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เลนส์ซูม</a> (zoom lens) เป็นเลนส์ที่สามารถเปลี่ยนความยาวโฟกัสได้หลายค่าในตัวเดียวกัน คือ เป็นทั้งเลนส์มุมกว้าง เลนส์มาตรฐาน และ เลนส์ถ่ายไกล ในตัวเดียวกัน</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84" class="mw-redirect" title="เลนส์มหัพภาค">เลนส์มหัพภาค</a> (macro lens) เป็นเลนส์ที่ใช้ถ่ายวัตถุขนาดเล็กมาก ๆ ขยายให้ใหญ่ขึ้นได้คล้ายกับเลนส์ถ่ายใกล้ แต่เลนส์มหัพภาคนี้เป็นเลนส์ที่สามารถถ่ายภาพวัตถุที่อยู่ใกล้มาก ๆ ประมาณ 1 - 1. 5 ฟุต และสามารถปรับระยะชัดได้ เลนส์มหัพภาคผลิตขึ้นเพื่อใช้กับกล้องขนาดเล็กและขนาดใหญ่ ปัจจุบันมักทำออกมาเป็นแบบของซูมเลนส์ เป็นเลนส์ที่ขนาดความยาวโฟกัส 55 มม. ขยายภาพได้ 1:2 เท่า</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://regelearning.payap.ac.th/docu/ca205/lense.html">รายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับเลนส์ถ่ายภาพ</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051125162321/http://regelearning.payap.ac.th/docu/ca205/lense.html">เก็บถาวร</a> 2005-11-25 ที่ <a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Crystal_Clear_app_kcmmemory.png/35px-Crystal_Clear_app_kcmmemory.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Crystal_Clear_app_kcmmemory.png/53px-Crystal_Clear_app_kcmmemory.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Crystal_Clear_app_kcmmemory.png/70px-Crystal_Clear_app_kcmmemory.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body"> บทความ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5" title="เทคโนโลยี">เทคโนโลยี</a> หรือ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%8C" title="สิ่งประดิษฐ์">สิ่งประดิษฐ์</a>นี้ยังเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" 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