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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-测量方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#测量方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>测量方法</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-测量方法-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关测量方法子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-测量方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-S－P时差法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S－P时差法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>S－P时差法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S－P时差法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其它方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其它方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>其它方法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其它方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-与地震度量的关联" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#与地震度量的关联"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>与地震度量的关联</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-与地震度量的关联-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关与地震度量的关联子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-与地震度量的关联-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-近震震级的定义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#近震震级的定义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>近震震级的定义</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-近震震级的定义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-面波震级的计算" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#面波震级的计算"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>面波震级的计算</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-面波震级的计算-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-面波震级的大震速报" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#面波震级的大震速报"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>面波震级的大震速报</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-面波震级的大震速报-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-与震中的关联" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#与震中的关联"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>与震中的关联</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-与震中的关联-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关与震中的关联子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-与震中的关联-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-几何中心法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#几何中心法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>几何中心法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-几何中心法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-单台测定法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#单台测定法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>单台测定法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-单台测定法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-台网测定法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#台网测定法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>台网测定法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-台网测定法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其它用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其它用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>其它用途</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其它用途-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关其它用途子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-其它用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-地震分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地震分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>地震分类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地震分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-震相研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#震相研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>震相研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-震相研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">震中距</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。4种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-4" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">4种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicentral_distance" title="Epicentral distance – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Epicentral distance" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="فاصله رومرکزی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فاصله رومرکزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dist%C3%A2ncia_do_epicentro" title="Distância do epicentro – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Distância do epicentro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%A4%AE%E8%B7%9D" title="震央距 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="震央距" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28414834#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" 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hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="Category:地震">系列</a>条目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-top:0.2em;font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;background:#ccf;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> 孕震与监测</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="地震度量">地震震级</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6" title="震度">地震烈度</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="震源深度">震源深度</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="斷層">斷層</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82" title="活断层">活断层</a>）</li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="地震度量">地震度量</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="地震儀">地震儀</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> 防震与减灾</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A0%90%E6%B8%AC" title="地震預測">地震预报</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A0%90%E8%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="地震預警系統">地震預警系統</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震工程</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddf;"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6" title="地震学">地震学研究</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%A4%AE" title="震央">震央</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">震中距</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90" title="震源">震源</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%B3%A2" title="地震波">地震波</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/P%E6%B3%A2" title="P波">P波</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%E6%B3%A2" title="S波">S波</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2" title="面波">面波</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97" title="地震序列">地震序列</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%8C%AF%E7%9B%AA" title="自由振盪">自由震盪</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B0%E5%BD%B1%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陰影區（页面不存在）">陰影區</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E9%9C%87" title="前震">前震</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97" title="地震序列">余震</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%9C%87" title="群震">群震</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山">火山</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%95%B8" title="海啸">海啸</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B0%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%96" title="堰塞湖">堰塞湖</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1-%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="古登堡-里克特定律">古登堡-里克特定律</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地震类型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Types of earthquake"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地震类型（页面不存在）">地震类型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_earthquake" class="extiw" title="en:Types of earthquake"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Types of earthquake</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="WikiProject:地震">地震专题</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:地球科學">地球科学主题</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2025%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="2025年地震列表">本年地震</a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Template:地震模板"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Template talk:地震模板"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%BF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地震模板"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>震中距</b>（英語：<span lang="en">epicentral distance</span>），是指<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="震中">震中</a>至某一指定点的地面距离<sup id="cite_ref-yzd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yzd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一般地，规模相等的地震，震中距越小，地震造成的破坏越重。反之，随着震中距的增加，地震造成的破坏逐渐减轻<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由于较早年代设计的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="地震儀">地震仪</a>的限制，一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="地震度量">地震度量</a>在观测点的震中距超过一定范围便开始出现误差<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6" title="地震学">地震学</a>中，远震通常用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%A6_(%E8%A7%92)" title="度 (角)">°</a>（度）作为单位<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>，而近震则使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="千米">千米</a>作为单位。但无论远近，都使用<a href="/wiki/%CE%94" title="Δ">Δ</a>作为符号表示震中距。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="测量方法"><span id=".E6.B5.8B.E9.87.8F.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>测量方法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：测量方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="S－P时差法"><span id="S.EF.BC.8DP.E6.97.B6.E5.B7.AE.E6.B3.95"></span>S－P时差法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：S－P时差法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>即使某次地震的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="震源深度">震源深度</a>很深，它仍然可以拥有一个极短的震中距<sup id="cite_ref-EH201_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EH201-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在测量震中距较小的地震的震中距时，首先要量出<a href="/wiki/P%E6%B3%A2" title="P波">P波</a>初动的读数，然后确认<a href="/wiki/S%E6%B3%A2" title="S波">S波</a>的到达<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。根据P波和S波的到时差，在走时表上查出震中距Δ的数值<sup id="cite_ref-yzd19_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yzd19-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其它方法"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E5.AE.83.E6.96.B9.E6.B3.95"></span>其它方法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：其它方法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>如果震源非常远，即震中距离大于105°<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>时，就不能根据S－P时差法确定震中距离了，而必须采用P、PKP、PP、SKS、PS等波来确定震中距<sup id="cite_ref-yzd19_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yzd19-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="与地震度量的关联"><span id=".E4.B8.8E.E5.9C.B0.E9.9C.87.E5.BA.A6.E9.87.8F.E7.9A.84.E5.85.B3.E8.81.94"></span>与地震度量的关联</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：与地震度量的关联"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="地震度量">地震度量</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="近震震级的定义"><span id=".E8.BF.91.E9.9C.87.E9.9C.87.E7.BA.A7.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89"></span>近震震级的定义</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：近震震级的定义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%9C%87%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="近震震级">近震震级</a></div> <p>1935年，在没有成熟的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="地震度量">地震度量</a>的背景下，两位来自<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="美国加州理工学院">美国加州理工学院</a>的地震学家<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9" title="查尔斯·弗朗西斯·里克特">查尔斯·弗朗西斯·里克特</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E8%AB%BE%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1" title="賓諾·古登堡">宾诺·古登堡</a>为研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="加利福尼亚州">加州</a>地区发生的地震，设计出<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%9C%87%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="近震震级">近震震级</a>的地震度量<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。为了使结果不为负数，里克特定义在震中距为100千米处之观测点地震仪记录到的最大水平位移为1微米（这也是伍德－安德森扭力式地震仪的最高<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="精度">精度</a>）的地震作为0级地震。按照这个定义，如果震中距为100千米处的伍德-安德森扭力式地震仪测得的地震波振幅为1毫米<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>的话，则震级为3级。虽然里克特等人尝试使结果不为负数，但由于近震震级规模并没有明确规定上限或下限，现代精密的地震仪经常记录到规模为负数的地震<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。并且由于当初设计里氏地震规模时所使用的伍德-安德森扭力式地震仪的限制，近震规模ML若大于约6.8或观测点的震中距超过约600千米便不适用<sup id="cite_ref-weather.gov.hk_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather.gov.hk-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="面波震级的计算"><span id=".E9.9D.A2.E6.B3.A2.E9.9C.87.E7.BA.A7.E7.9A.84.E8.AE.A1.E7.AE.97"></span>面波震级的计算</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：面波震级的计算"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="面波震级">面波震级</a></div> <p>震中距是计算<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="面波震级">面波震级</a>的重要参数之一。计算面波震级的方程式为： </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M=\log _{10}\left({\frac {A}{T}}\right)_{\text{max}}+\sigma (\Delta )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>A</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>max</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M=\log _{10}\left({\frac {A}{T}}\right)_{\text{max}}+\sigma (\Delta )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dad36841252df6b85af3649090402d41aaec887a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:27.982ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M=\log _{10}\left({\frac {A}{T}}\right)_{\text{max}}+\sigma (\Delta )}"></span> </p><p>其中，A表示表面波中最大質點<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8D%E7%A7%BB" title="位移">位移</a>（兩個水平位移的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E9%87%8F%E5%92%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="向量和">向量和</a>），單位為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="微米">微米</a>；T表示對應的週期，單位為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%92" title="秒">秒</a>；Δ表示震中距，單位為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%A6_(%E8%A7%92)" title="度 (角)">度</a>；σ(Δ)是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8F%E8%A7%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="量规函数（页面不存在）">量规函数</a>。一般地，量规函数的表达式为： </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma (\Delta )=1.66\cdot \log _{10}(\Delta )+3.5}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>σ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.66</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3.5</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma (\Delta )=1.66\cdot \log _{10}(\Delta )+3.5}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97f5159f4a465d048b5858632ce074a17e52a0d4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:28.392ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma (\Delta )=1.66\cdot \log _{10}(\Delta )+3.5}"></span> </p><p>根據GB 17740-1999，兩個水平位移必須是在相同時間或八分之一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F" title="週期">週期</a>內測量，如果兩個位移有不同的週期，必須使用加權總合<sup id="cite_ref-GB_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T={\frac {T_{N}A_{N}+T_{E}A_{E}}{A_{N}+A_{E}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T={\frac {T_{N}A_{N}+T_{E}A_{E}}{A_{N}+A_{E}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6a95f9c099679220041f0085fc555bec3d7abe68" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:20.971ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T={\frac {T_{N}A_{N}+T_{E}A_{E}}{A_{N}+A_{E}}}}"></span> </p><p>其中，A<sub>N</sub>表示南北方向的位移，單位為微米；A<sub>E</sub>表示東西方向的位移，單位為微米；T<sub>N</sub>表示對應A<sub>N</sub>的週期，單位為秒；T<sub>E</sub>表示對應A<sub>E</sub>的週期，單位為秒<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>由此可见，不同震中距选用的地震面波周期值均不相同。一般地，可参照下表选定周期值<sup id="cite_ref-GB_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: right;margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6" width="600">不同震中距(Δ)选用的地震面波周期(T)值 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" width="100">Δ/° </th> <th scope="col" width="100">T/s </th> <th scope="col" width="100">Δ/° </th> <th scope="col" width="100">T/s </th> <th scope="col" width="100">Δ/° </th> <th scope="col" width="100">T/s </th></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>3～6</td> <td>20</td> <td>9～14</td> <td>70</td> <td>14～22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>4～7</td> <td>25</td> <td>9～16</td> <td>80</td> <td>16～22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>5～8</td> <td>30</td> <td>10～16</td> <td>90</td> <td>16～22 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>6～9</td> <td>40</td> <td>12～18</td> <td>100</td> <td>16～25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>7～10</td> <td>50</td> <td>12～20</td> <td>110</td> <td>17～25 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>8～12</td> <td>60</td> <td>14～20</td> <td>130</td> <td>18～25 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="面波震级的大震速报"><span id=".E9.9D.A2.E6.B3.A2.E9.9C.87.E7.BA.A7.E7.9A.84.E5.A4.A7.E9.9C.87.E9.80.9F.E6.8A.A5"></span>面波震级的大震速报</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：面波震级的大震速报"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>除计算面波震级外，研究近距离内（Δ≤15°）体波衰减特征及M<sub>B</sub>与M<sub>S</sub>更好的换算关系，是提高用体波震级M<sub>B</sub>速报大震震级经度的有效途径。这对于开展研究短周期仪DD-1和VGK等记录测定体波震级M<sub>b</sub>也是一项有意义的定量化工作<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="与震中的关联"><span id=".E4.B8.8E.E9.9C.87.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84.E5.85.B3.E8.81.94"></span>与震中的关联</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：与震中的关联"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3spheres.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/3spheres.svg/220px-3spheres.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/3spheres.svg/330px-3spheres.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/3spheres.svg/440px-3spheres.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三边量測法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trilateration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%BE%B9%E9%87%8F%E6%B8%AC%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三边量測法（页面不存在）">三边量測法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilateration" class="extiw" title="en:Trilateration"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trilateration</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>示意图。计算<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="震中">震中</a>的具体做法是，分别以三个台站为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="圓心">圆心</a>，以各自求得的震中距按相应比例作<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="半径">半径</a>在地图上画<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86" title="圆">圆</a>。然后，将每两个圆的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%BB%9E" title="交點">交点</a>连接，三条<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6_(%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95)" title="弦 (幾何)">弦</a>的交点即为所求得的震中，再换算出<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="经纬度">经纬度</a>。</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="震中">震中</a></div> <p>20世纪以前，测定震中的方式一般为几何中心法。20世纪开始，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="地震儀">地震仪</a>等仪器技术逐步趋向于成熟后，便诞生了单台测定法和台网测定法。三者相比，由于地壳构造的不均匀性对地震射线传播的影响，台网测定法的精确性最高<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>，几何中心法的精确性最低<sup id="cite_ref-yzd_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yzd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SP_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="几何中心法"><span id=".E5.87.A0.E4.BD.95.E4.B8.AD.E5.BF.83.E6.B3.95"></span>几何中心法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：几何中心法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>20世纪以前，在没有仪器记录时，地震的震中位置都是按破坏范围而确定的宏观震中，它是极震区（震中附近破坏最严重的地区）的几何中心。由于无法确定极震区的精确范围，通常会造成误差<sup id="cite_ref-MZT_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MZT-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="单台测定法"><span id=".E5.8D.95.E5.8F.B0.E6.B5.8B.E5.AE.9A.E6.B3.95"></span>单台测定法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：单台测定法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于各种地震波在不同地区、不同深度传播的速度都是不一样的，波速快的或走直径的<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>先到达测站，其后陆续有其他波到达，这就产生了时间差。将震中距、震源深度和记录到的各种波的时间差，就可以编成适合各地使用的时距曲线及走时表。在某地发生地震时，分析员从地震记录图上量出该地震事件的各种波<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>的时间差，对照已编好的走时表或套用公式计算，便可得出震中距。随后便需要确定<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E8%A7%92" title="方位角">方位角</a>。将两个水平方向的初动振幅化为地动位移，用<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="三角函数">三角函数</a>便可求出方位角。当方位角和震中距都求出来后，便能够轻松找到震中位置<sup id="cite_ref-SP_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这种方法便称之为单台测定法<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="台网测定法"><span id=".E5.8F.B0.E7.BD.91.E6.B5.8B.E5.AE.9A.E6.B3.95"></span>台网测定法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：台网测定法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>当至少三个地震测站计算出震中距时，便可通过<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="三边量測法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trilateration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%89%E8%BE%B9%E9%87%8F%E6%B8%AC%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="三边量測法（页面不存在）">三边量測法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilateration" class="extiw" title="en:Trilateration"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trilateration</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>确定<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="震中">震中</a>的位置<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这种通过仪器测量出的震中一般称之为微观震中的方法被称为台网测定法<sup id="cite_ref-yzd_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yzd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。具体做法是，分别以三个台站为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="圓心">圆心</a>，以各自求得的震中距按相应比例作<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="半径">半径</a>在地图上画<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86" title="圆">圆</a>。然后，将每两个圆的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%BB%9E" title="交點">交点</a>连接，三条<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6_(%E5%B9%BE%E4%BD%95)" title="弦 (幾何)">弦</a>的交点即为所求得的震中，再换算出<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="经纬度">经纬度</a><sup id="cite_ref-SP_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其它用途"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E5.AE.83.E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span>其它用途</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：其它用途"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地震分类"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E9.9C.87.E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>地震分类</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：地震分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在地震分类上，震中距也发挥着自己独特的作用。同一个地震在不同的距离上观察，远近不同，叫法也不一样。根据震中距，地震可分为三类<sup id="cite_ref-yzd19_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yzd19-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li>地方震（英語：<span lang="en">local earthquake</span>）：Δ＜100km</li> <li>近震（英語：<span lang="en">near earthquake</span>）：100km≤Δ≤1000km</li> <li>远震（英語：<span lang="en">distant earthquake</span>）：Δ＞1000km</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="震相研究"><span id=".E9.9C.87.E7.9B.B8.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>震相研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：震相研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>震中距不同，由于受到震源、震源深度及地震射线的传播综合影响，反映在地震记录图上震相表现的形态亦不相同。因此，随着震中距的不同，地震参数的测定也就不同。已知观测点的震中距，就可以较为轻松地分辨复杂而各异的震相，一般根据记录图上地震记录的总情况加以判断。地震的大小、远近、深远各有明显的特征。震源越近，震动的持续时间越短；震源越远，则持续时间越长<sup id="cite_ref-yzd19_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yzd19-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <div class="references-medium"> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">如<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%9C%87%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="近震震级">近震震级</a>在观测点的震中距超过约600千米便不适用<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Local_magnitude_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Local_magnitude-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">一般地，1°＝111.1公里。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S波在长周期水平向仪器上是第二个比较清楚的震相，而在短周期垂直向仪器上则不太明显。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">或11666.7千米左右。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">这个地震度量也称为“里氏地震规模”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">即10<sup>3</sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="微米">微米</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">尤其是发生在地震台网范围内的事件。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">即直达波。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">常用P波和S波。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">亦有学者称之为“方位角法”<sup id="cite_ref-SP_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">亦有学者称之为“交切法”或“几何法”<sup id="cite_ref-SP_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SP-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-yzd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yzd_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yzd_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yzd_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">阎志德. 地震参数的测定. 山西地震. 1981, <b>4</b>: 3–4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.atitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A&rft.au=%E9%98%8E%E5%BF%97%E5%BE%B7&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87&rft.pages=3-4&rft.volume=4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">宇津德治. 烈度一震中距一震级之间的关系. 地震学会讲演予稿集. 1983, <b>2</b>: 206 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到日语网页">（日语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.atitle=%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%80%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D%E4%B8%80%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&rft.au=%E5%AE%87%E6%B4%A5%E5%BE%B7%E6%B2%BB&rft.date=1983&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%B2%E6%BC%94%E4%BA%88%E7%A8%BF%E9%9B%86&rft.pages=206&rft.volume=2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171108130420/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/measure.php">Measuring the Size of an Earthquake</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国地质勘探局">United States Geological Survey</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/measure.php">原始内容</a>存档于2017-11-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.btitle=Measuring+the+Size+of+an+Earthquake&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Flearn%2Ftopics%2Fmeasure.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Local_magnitude-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Local_magnitude_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tyler M. Schau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425121745/http://www.johnmartin.com/earthquakes/eqsafs/safs_693.htm">The Richter Scale (ML)</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国地质勘探局">United States Geological Survey</a>. 1991 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-18</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.johnmartin.com/earthquakes/eqsafs/safs_693.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-04-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.atitle=The+Richter+Scale+%28ML%29&rft.au=Tyler+M.+Schau&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnmartin.com%2Fearthquakes%2Feqsafs%2Fsafs_693.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EH201-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EH201_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/learn/technical.php#dist">Earthquake Hazards 201 - Technical Q&A</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="美国地质勘探局">United States Geological Survey</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709111205/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/learn/technical.php#dist">存档</a>于2017-07-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.btitle=Earthquake+Hazards+201+-+Technical+Q%26A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Fhazards%2Flearn%2Ftechnical.php%23dist&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yzd19-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yzd19_9-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yzd19_9-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yzd19_9-2"><sup><b>6.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yzd19_9-3"><sup><b>6.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">阎志德. 地震参数的测定. 山西地震. 1981, <b>4</b>: 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.atitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A&rft.au=%E9%98%8E%E5%BF%97%E5%BE%B7&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87&rft.pages=19&rft.volume=4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206150540/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/measure.php">Measuring the Size of an Earthquake</a>. <a href="/wiki/USGS" class="mw-redirect" title="USGS">USGS</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-12-02</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/measure.php">原始内容</a>存档于2017-12-06） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.btitle=Measuring+the+Size+of+an+Earthquake&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=USGS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Flearn%2Ftopics%2Fmeasure.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weather.gov.hk-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-weather.gov.hk_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Woo, Wang-chun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170524163729/http://www.weather.gov.hk/education/edu02rga/article/ele-EarthquakeMagnetude_e.htm">On Earthquake Magnitudes</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="香港天文台">香港天文台</a>. 2012-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-12-02</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.gov.hk/education/edu02rga/article/ele-EarthquakeMagnetude_e.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2017-05-24） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.aufirst=Wang-chun&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.btitle=On+Earthquake+Magnitudes&rft.date=2012-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov.hk%2Feducation%2Fedu02rga%2Farticle%2Fele-EarthquakeMagnetude_e.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GB-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GB_15-0"><sup><b>9.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GB_15-1"><sup><b>9.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E6%A3%80%E7%96%AB%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局">中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局</a>. GB 17740-1999 地震震级的规定: 3. 1999-04-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.atitle=GB+17740-1999+%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%84%E5%AE%9A&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E6%A3%80%E7%96%AB%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80&rft.date=1999-04-26&rft.genre=article&rft.pages=3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">阎志德. 地震参数的测定. 山西地震. 1981, <b>4</b>: 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.atitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A&rft.au=%E9%98%8E%E5%BF%97%E5%BE%B7&rft.date=1981&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87&rft.pages=26&rft.volume=4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">陈培善; 陈海通. 震中距△〈20°面波震级的测定. 地震地磁观测与研究. 1992, <b>1</b>: 1–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.atitle=%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D%E2%96%B3%E3%80%8820%C2%B0%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A&rft.au=%E9%99%88%E5%9F%B9%E5%96%84&rft.au=%E9%99%88%E6%B5%B7%E9%80%9A&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E4%B8%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pages=1-8&rft.volume=1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">秦嘉政; 陈培善. 大地震震级测定及速报. 地震地磁观测与研究. 1992, <b>1</b>: 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%8A%E9%80%9F%E6%8A%A5&rft.au=%E7%A7%A6%E5%98%89%E6%94%BF&rft.au=%E9%99%88%E5%9F%B9%E5%96%84&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E8%A7%82%E6%B5%8B%E4%B8%8E%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.pages=23&rft.volume=1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SP-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SP_20-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SP_20-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SP_20-2"><sup><b>13.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SP_20-3"><sup><b>13.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SP_20-4"><sup><b>13.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">石鹏. 地震是这样测定的. 深圳特区科技. 1990, <b>4</b>: 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.atitle=%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%98%AF%E8%BF%99%E6%A0%B7%E6%B5%8B%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84&rft.au=%E7%9F%B3%E9%B9%8F&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%8C%BA%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80&rft.pages=39&rft.volume=4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MZT-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MZT_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">马在田. 如何提取更多的地震信息. 石油地球物理勘探. 1979, <b>1</b>: 48–50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.atitle=%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%96%E6%9B%B4%E5%A4%9A%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF&rft.au=%E9%A9%AC%E5%9C%A8%E7%94%B0&rft.date=1979&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%8B%98%E6%8E%A2&rft.pages=48-50&rft.volume=1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/earthquake_size.html">Earthquake Size</a>. Pennstate Earthquake Seismology. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-10-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170611211728/http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/~cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/earthquake_size.html">存档</a>于2017-06-11） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%9C%87%E4%B8%AD%E8%B7%9D&rft.btitle=Earthquake+Size&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Pennstate+Earthquake+Seismology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feqseis.geosc.psu.edu%2F~cammon%2FHTML%2FClasses%2FIntroQuakes%2FNotes%2Fearthquake_size.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地震" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Earthquake" title="Template:Earthquake"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Earthquake" title="Template talk:Earthquake"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Earthquake" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Earthquake"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地震" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地震要素</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90" title="震源">震源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6" title="震源深度">震源深度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%A4%AE" title="震央">震央</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">震中距</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6" title="震度">震度</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A67%E7%B4%9A" title="震度7級">震度7度</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%9F%A9" title="地震矩">地震矩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地震观测</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="Template:地震度量"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="Template talk:地震度量"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地震度量"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地震度量" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F" title="地震度量">地震度量</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">现代度量</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6" title="震度">烈度度量</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="中国地震烈度表">中国地震烈度表（CSIS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="欧洲地震烈度表">欧洲地震烈度表（EMS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="环境地震烈度表">环境地震烈度表（ESI）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="修訂麥加利地震烈度表">修訂麥加利地震烈度表（MMI）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%BE%B7%E9%9F%A6%E6%9D%B0%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E8%93%AC%E9%9C%8D%E4%BC%8A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="梅德韦杰夫·施蓬霍伊尔·卡尔尼克地震烈度表">梅德韦杰夫·施蓬霍伊尔·卡尔尼克地震烈度表（MSK）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="菲律宾火山地震研究所地震烈度表">菲律宾火山地震研究所地震烈度表（PEIS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%BB%B3%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E7%AD%89%E7%B4%9A" title="日本氣象廳震度等級">日本氣象廳震度等級（JMA）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E9%83%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E7%BD%B2%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A" title="交通部中央氣象署地震震度分級">交通部中央氣象署地震震度分級（CWASIS）</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">震级度量</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="体波震级">体波震级（m<sub>b</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="地震持续时间震级">地震持续时间震级（M<sub>D</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="能量震级">能量震级（M<sub>e</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%8E%85%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="日本气象厅震级">日本气象厅震级（M<sub>j</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%B0%8F%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1" title="里氏地震規模">里氏震级（近震震級，M<sub>L</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="地幔波震级">地幔波震级（M<sub>m</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="面波震级">面波震級（M<sub>s</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%98%AF%E8%A6%8F%E6%A8%A1" title="海嘯規模">海啸震级（M<sub>t</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A9%E9%9C%87%E7%B4%9A" title="矩震級">矩震級（M<sub>w</sub>）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E8%83%BD%E9%87%8F%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7" title="苏联科学院能量震级">苏联科学院能量震级（M<sub>(K)</sub>）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尾波震级" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Seismic scale#Duration and Coda magnitude scales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BE%E6%B3%A2%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尾波震级（页面不存在）">尾波震级（M<sub>c</sub>）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_scale#Duration_and_Coda_magnitude_scales" class="extiw" title="en:Seismic scale"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Seismic scale#Duration and Coda magnitude scales</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="有感面积震级" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Seismic scale#Macroseismic magnitude scales"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%84%9F%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有感面积震级（页面不存在）">有感面积震级（M<sub>fa</sub>）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_scale#Macroseismic_magnitude_scales" class="extiw" title="en:Seismic scale"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Seismic scale#Macroseismic magnitude scales</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">曾用度量</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="修訂麥加利地震烈度表">麦加利-坎加尼-希耶伯格地震烈度（MCS）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E9%BA%A5%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="修訂麥加利地震烈度表">麦加利-伍德-纽曼地震烈度（MWN）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%A5%BF%E2%80%93%E7%A6%8F%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E8%A1%A8" title="罗西–福雷尔地震烈度表">罗西–福雷尔地震烈度表（RF）</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大森度量" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Omori scale"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%BA%A6%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大森度量（页面不存在）">大森地震烈度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omori_scale" class="extiw" title="en:Omori scale"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Omori scale</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="地震儀">地震儀</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="海底地震儀">海底地震儀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E9%9C%87%E5%84%80" title="強震儀">強震儀</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="地震信号处理">地震信号处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E5%8A%A8%E5%9B%BE" title="震动图">震动图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E9%9C%87%E7%BA%BF" title="等震线">等震线</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%8D%95%E6%89%8B%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="地震捕手网络">地震捕手网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A0%E6%84%9F%E8%A7%89%E5%88%B0%E4%BA%86%E5%90%97%EF%BC%9F" title="你感觉到了吗？">你感觉到了吗？（DYFI）</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">理论研究</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%AD%A6" title="地震学">地震学</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%B3%A2" title="地震波">地震波</a>（<a href="/wiki/P%E6%B3%A2" title="P波">P波</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/S%E6%B3%A2" title="S波">S波</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E6%B3%A2" title="面波">面波</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%A4%AB%E6%B3%A2" title="勒夫波">勒夫波</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%8C%AF%E7%9B%AA" title="自由振盪">自由震盪</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="轉換波分析">轉換波分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%88%E6%80%A7%E5%9B%9E%E8%B7%B3%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="彈性回跳理論">彈性回跳理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%87%E6%BA%90%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E8%A7%A3" title="震源机制解">震源机制解</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%A1%E2%80%94%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古登堡—里克特定律（页面不存在）">古登堡—里克特定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BA%94%E5%8A%9B" title="地应力">地应力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B4%E5%9D%80%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="場址效應">場址效應</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="斷層">斷層</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82" title="活断层">活断层</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%86%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="逆斷層">逆斷層</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B2%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="盲斷層">盲斷層</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E7%A7%BB%E6%96%B7%E5%B1%A4" title="潛移斷層">潛移斷層</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A%E9%82%8A%E7%B7%A3" title="板塊邊緣">板块边缘</a>）</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B8%B6" title="地震帶">地震帶</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%B8%A6" title="环太平洋火山带">环太平洋火山带</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%A6" title="阿尔卑斯带">阿尔卑斯带</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%AD%E8%84%8A" title="大西洋洋中脊">大西洋洋中脊</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E5%8F%91%E5%BC%8F%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B8%A6" title="连发式地震带">连发式地震带</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E5%B8%B8%E9%9C%87%E5%9F%9F" title="異常震域">異常震域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%A9%BA%E5%8C%BA" title="地震空区">地震空区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%86%E7%82%B8%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="爆炸地震效应">爆炸地震效应</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地震類型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97" title="地震序列">地震序列</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E9%9C%87" title="前震">前震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E9%9C%87" title="群震">群震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="双地震">双地震</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%80%86%E8%A1%9D%E5%8D%80%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="大型逆衝區地震">大型逆衝區地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%A1%8A%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="板塊內地震">板塊內地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="慢地震">慢地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="火山性地震">火山性地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93%E8%AF%B1%E5%8F%91%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="水库诱发地震">水库诱发地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%BA%90%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="深源地震">深源地震</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%81%BE%E5%AE%B3" title="地震灾害">次生災害</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E6%B6%B2%E5%8C%96" title="土壤液化">土壤液化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%95%B8" title="海啸">海啸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%B4%A9" title="山崩">山崩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B0%E5%A1%9E%E6%B9%96" title="堰塞湖">堰塞湖</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">防灾對策</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A0%90%E6%B8%AC" title="地震預測">地震預測</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A0%90%E8%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="地震預警系統">地震預警系統</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A2%84%E8%AD%A6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="墨西哥地震预警系统">墨西哥地震预警系统</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A7%E6%80%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%80%9F%E6%8A%A5" title="紧急地震速报">紧急地震速报</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90%E6%BB%A4%E6%B3%A2%E6%B3%95" title="集成粒子滤波法">IPF法</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%80%E9%83%A8%E6%97%A0%E9%98%BB%E5%B0%BC%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E4%BC%A0%E6%92%AD%E6%B3%95" title="局部无阻尼运动传播法">PLUM法</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E9%9C%87%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E8%AD%A6%E5%A0%B1" title="強震即時警報">強震即時警報</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-Alert%E8%A7%80%E6%B8%AC%E7%B6%B2" title="P-Alert觀測網">P-Alert觀測網</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%83%88%E5%BA%A6%E9%80%9F%E6%8A%A5%E4%B8%8E%E9%A2%84%E8%AD%A6%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="国家地震烈度速报与预警工程">国家地震烈度速报与预警工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICL%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%A2%84%E8%AD%A6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="ICL地震预警技术系统">ICL地震预警技术系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%8E%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="欧洲与地中海警报系统">欧洲与地中海警报系统</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%9A%AA" title="地震險">地震險</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="地震工程">地震工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E9%9C%87" title="制震">制震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E9%9C%87%E7%BC%9D" title="防震缝">防震缝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E5%8A%9B%E5%A2%99" title="剪力墙">剪力墙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92" title="生命三角">生命三角</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="历史地震">历史地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="地震列表">地震列表</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="断层列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of fault zones"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AD%E5%B1%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="断层列表（页面不存在）">断层列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fault_zones" class="extiw" title="en:List of fault zones"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of fault zones</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E5%85%89" title="地震光">地震光</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%9B%B2" title="地震雲">地震雲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%81%B2" title="地聲">地聲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94%E9%9C%87%E5%8B%95" title="天體震動">天體震動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%9C%87" title="日震">日震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%87" title="月震">月震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E9%9C%87" title="火星震">火星震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%9C%E9%9C%87" title="霜震">霜震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%9B" title="地牛">地牛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%AF%B0" title="大鯰">大鯰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E7%A5%9E" title="地震神">地震神</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="Category:地震">地震</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="Category:地震機構">地震機構</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:地球科學">地球科學主題頁</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="WikiProject:地震">地震專題</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="模板"><img alt="模板" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B" title="Template:各地官方地震機構">官方地震机构</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=震中距&oldid=61855970">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=震中距&oldid=61855970</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" 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