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id="toc-Courses_and_wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Courses_and_wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Courses and wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Courses_and_wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weft_and_warp_knitting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weft_and_warp_knitting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Weft and warp knitting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weft_and_warp_knitting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knit_and_purl_stitches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knit_and_purl_stitches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Knit and purl stitches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Knit_and_purl_stitches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_between_knitting_and_crocheting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_between_knitting_and_crocheting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Differences between knitting and crocheting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_between_knitting_and_crocheting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Right-_and_left-plaited_stitches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Right-_and_left-plaited_stitches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Right- and left-plaited stitches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Right-_and_left-plaited_stitches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edges_and_joins_between_fabrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edges_and_joins_between_fabrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Edges and joins between fabrics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edges_and_joins_between_fabrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cables,_increases,_and_lace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cables,_increases,_and_lace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Cables, increases, and lace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cables,_increases,_and_lace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ornamentations_and_additions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ornamentations_and_additions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Ornamentations and additions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ornamentations_and_additions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Properties_of_fabrics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Properties_of_fabrics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Properties of fabrics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Properties_of_fabrics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Properties of fabrics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Properties_of_fabrics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Texture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Texture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Color</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hand_knitting_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hand_knitting_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hand knitting process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hand_knitting_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Machine_knitting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machine_knitting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Machine knitting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machine_knitting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Materials</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Materials-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Materials subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Materials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yarn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yarn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Yarn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yarn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal_wire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal_wire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Metal wire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal_wire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glass_and_wax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glass_and_wax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Glass and wax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glass_and_wax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tools</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tools-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tools subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Needles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Needles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Needles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Needles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancillary_tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancillary_tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Ancillary tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancillary_tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knitting_styles/holds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knitting_styles/holds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Knitting styles/holds</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Knitting_styles/holds-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Knitting styles/holds subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Knitting_styles/holds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Continental/German_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continental/German_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Continental/German style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continental/German_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Norwegian_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norwegian_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Norwegian style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norwegian_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>Russian style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-English_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>English style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese/Greek/Incan/Turkish_style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese/Greek/Incan/Turkish_style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Portuguese/Greek/Incan/Turkish style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese/Greek/Incan/Turkish_style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Knitting_techniques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Knitting_techniques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Knitting techniques</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Knitting_techniques-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Knitting techniques subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Knitting_techniques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Armenian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armenian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Armenian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armenian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double_knitting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double_knitting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Double knitting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double_knitting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fair_Isle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fair_Isle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Fair Isle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fair_Isle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mega_knitting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mega_knitting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Mega knitting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mega_knitting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Micro_knitting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Micro_knitting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Micro knitting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Micro_knitting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_row" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_row"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>Short row</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_row-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wrap_and_turn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wrap_and_turn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6.1</span> <span>Wrap and turn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wrap_and_turn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_short_row" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_short_row"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6.2</span> <span>German short row</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_short_row-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_short_row" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_short_row"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6.3</span> <span>Japanese short row</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_short_row-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twined_knitting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twined_knitting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.7</span> <span>Twined knitting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twined_knitting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Commercial applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graffiti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graffiti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Graffiti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graffiti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yarn_crawl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yarn_crawl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Yarn crawl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yarn_crawl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Charity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_benefits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_benefits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Health benefits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_benefits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_knitters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_knitters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notable knitters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_knitters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Knitting</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breiwerk" title="Breiwerk – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Breiwerk" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%83" title="حبك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حبك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="কাঁটায় কাপড় বোনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাঁটায় কাপড় বোনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF" title="Бәйләм бәйләү – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бәйләм бәйләү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Плетене – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Плетене" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punt_de_mitja" title="Punt de mitja – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Punt de mitja" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Пански – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пански" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweu" title="Gweu – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweu" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikning" title="Strikning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Strikning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stricken" title="Stricken – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stricken" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmuskudumine" title="Silmuskudumine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Silmuskudumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punto_(lana)" title="Punto (lana) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Punto (lana)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trikado" title="Trikado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Trikado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntu_(oihalgintza)" title="Puntu (oihalgintza) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Puntu (oihalgintza)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C" title="بافندگی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بافندگی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricot" title="Tricot – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tricot" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cniot%C3%A1il" title="Cniotáil – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cniotáil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9C%A8%EA%B0%9C%EC%A7%88" title="뜨개질 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뜨개질" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_(%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97)" title="बुनाई (निटिंग) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बुनाई (निटिंग)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pletenje" title="Pletenje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pletenje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merajut" title="Merajut – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Merajut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prj%C3%B3n" title="Prjón – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Prjón" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavorazione_a_maglia" title="Lavorazione a maglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lavorazione a maglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%94" title="סריגה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סריגה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86" title="ಹೆಣಿಗೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹೆಣಿಗೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D2%9B%D1%83" title="Тоқу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тоқу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AAk%C3%AE" title="Hêkî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hêkî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Тор кездеме – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тор кездеме" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acubus_textus" title="Acubus textus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Acubus textus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mezgimas" title="Mezgimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mezgimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6t%C3%A9s_(textilipar)" title="Kötés (textilipar) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kötés (textilipar)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Плетење – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Плетење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AC%E1%80%91%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8" title="ဇာထိုးပန်းထိုး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇာထိုးပန်းထိုး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breien_(textiel)" title="Breien (textiel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Breien (textiel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%A8%E3%81%BF%E7%89%A9" title="編み物 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="編み物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikking" title="Strikking – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Strikking" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strikking" title="Strikking – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Strikking" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricot" title="Tricot – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tricot" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88" title="ਬੁਣਾਈ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੁਣਾਈ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziewiarstwo" title="Dziewiarstwo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dziewiarstwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malharia" title="Malharia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Malharia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricotare" title="Tricotare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tricotare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Вязание – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вязание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knitting" title="Knitting – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Knitting" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Плетење – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Плетење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pletenje" title="Pletenje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pletenje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neulonta" title="Neulonta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neulonta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stickning" title="Stickning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stickning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="งานถัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="งานถัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96rg%C3%BC" title="Örgü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Örgü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="В'язання – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="В'язання" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Method of forming fabric</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Knit" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Knitting_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Knitting (disambiguation)">Knitting (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Knitting" title="Special:EditPage/Knitting">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Knitting%22">"Knitting"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Knitting%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Knitting%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Knitting%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Knitting%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Knitting%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oma_strickt_Str%C3%BCmpfe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Oma_strickt_Str%C3%BCmpfe.jpg/260px-Oma_strickt_Str%C3%BCmpfe.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Oma_strickt_Str%C3%BCmpfe.jpg/390px-Oma_strickt_Str%C3%BCmpfe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Oma_strickt_Str%C3%BCmpfe.jpg/520px-Oma_strickt_Str%C3%BCmpfe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Woman knitting</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm/260px--Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="146" data-durationhint="63" data-mwtitle="Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/ce/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm/Knitting_demo_of_two_stitches.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Video description of knitting a sock and the two basic stitches: knit and purl</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Knitting</b> is a method for production of <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textile</a> <a href="/wiki/Knitted_fabric" title="Knitted fabric">fabrics</a> by interlacing yarn loops with loops of the same or other yarns. It is used to create many types of <a href="/wiki/Garments" class="mw-redirect" title="Garments">garments</a>. Knitting may be done <a href="/wiki/Hand_knitting" title="Hand knitting">by hand</a> or <a href="/wiki/Knitting_machine" title="Knitting machine">by machine</a>. </p><p>Knitting creates <a href="/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)" title="Stitch (textile arts)">stitches</a>: loops of yarn in a row; they can be either on straight flat needles or in <i>the round</i> on needles with (often times plastic) tubes connected to both ends of the <a href="/wiki/Knitting_needle" title="Knitting needle">needles</a>. There are usually many <i>active stitches</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Knitting_needle" title="Knitting needle">knitting needle</a> at one time. Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of connected loops that intermesh with the next and previous rows. As each row is formed, each newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row and placed on the <i>gaining needle so</i> that the loops from the prior row can be pulled off the other needle without unraveling. </p><p>Differences in yarn (varying in <a href="/wiki/Fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibre">fibre</a> type, <a href="/wiki/Yarn_weight" title="Yarn weight"><i>weight</i></a>, uniformity and <i>twist</i>), needle size, and <a href="/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics" title="Basic knitted fabrics">stitch type</a> allow for a variety of knitted fabrics with different properties, including color, texture, thickness, heat retention, water resistance, and integrity.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A small sample of knitwork is known as a <i>swatch</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Courses_and_wales">Courses and wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Courses and wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knit-schematic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Knit-schematic.png/220px-Knit-schematic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Knit-schematic.png/330px-Knit-schematic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Knit-schematic.png/440px-Knit-schematic.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Structure of stockinette stitch, a common weave in knitted fabric. The meandering red path defines one <i>course</i>, the path of the yarn through the fabric. The uppermost white loops are unsecured and "active", but they secure the red loops suspended from them. In turn, the red loops secure the white loops just below them, which in turn secure the loops below them, and so on.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knitting_wales_slip_stitch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Knitting_wales_slip_stitch.png/220px-Knitting_wales_slip_stitch.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Knitting_wales_slip_stitch.png/330px-Knitting_wales_slip_stitch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Knitting_wales_slip_stitch.png/440px-Knitting_wales_slip_stitch.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>Alternating wales of red and yellow knit stitches. Each stitch in a wale is suspended from the one above it.</figcaption></figure> <p>Like <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a>, knitting is a technique for producing a <a href="/wiki/Two-dimensional" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-dimensional">two-dimensional</a> fabric made from a one-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">yarn</a> or thread. In weaving, threads are always straight, running parallel either lengthwise (warp threads) or crosswise (weft threads). By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics follows a meandering path (a <i>course</i>), forming symmetric loops (also called bights) symmetrically above and below the mean path of the yarn. These meandering loops can be easily stretched in different directions giving knit fabrics much more elasticity than woven fabrics. Depending on the yarn and <a href="/wiki/Knitting_pattern" title="Knitting pattern">knitting pattern</a>, knitted garments can stretch as much as 500%. For this reason, knitting was initially developed for garments that must be elastic or stretch in response to the wearer's motions, such as socks and hosiery. For comparison, woven garments stretch mainly along one or other of a related pair of directions that lie roughly diagonally between the warp and the weft, while contracting in the other direction of the pair (stretching and contracting with the <i><a href="/wiki/Grain_(textile)#Bias" title="Grain (textile)">bias</a></i>), and are not very elastic, unless they are woven from stretchable material such as <a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">spandex</a>. Knitted garments are often more form-fitting than woven garments, since their elasticity allows them to contour to the body's outline more closely; by contrast, curvature is introduced into most woven garments only with sewn darts, flares, gussets and gores, the seams of which lower the elasticity of the woven fabric still further. Extra curvature can be introduced into knitted garments without seams, as in the heel of a sock; the effect of darts, flares, etc. can be obtained with <a href="/wiki/Short_row_(knitting)" title="Short row (knitting)">short rows</a> or by <a href="/wiki/Increase_(knitting)" title="Increase (knitting)">increasing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Decrease_(knitting)" title="Decrease (knitting)">decreasing</a> the number of stitches. Thread used in weaving is usually much finer than the yarn used in knitting, which can give the knitted fabric more bulk and less drape than a woven fabric. </p><p>If they are not secured, the loops of a knitted course will come undone when their yarn is pulled; this is known as <i>ripping out</i>, <i>unravelling</i> knitting, or humorously, <i>frogging</i> (because you 'rip it', this sounds like a frog croaking: 'rib-bit').<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To secure a stitch, at least one new loop is passed through it. Although the new stitch is itself unsecured ("active" or "live"), it secures the stitch(es) suspended from it. A sequence of stitches in which each stitch is suspended from the next is called a <i>wale</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To secure the initial stitches of a knitted fabric, a method for <a href="/wiki/Casting_on_(knitting)" title="Casting on (knitting)">casting on</a> is used; to secure the final stitches in a wale, one uses a method of <a href="/wiki/Binding_off_(knitting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binding off (knitting)">binding/casting off</a>. During knitting, the active stitches are secured mechanically, either from individual hooks (in knitting machines) or from a knitting needle or frame in hand-knitting. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trikot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Trikot.jpg/220px-Trikot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Trikot.jpg/330px-Trikot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Trikot.jpg/440px-Trikot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Basic pattern of warp knitting. Parallel yarns zigzag lengthwise along the fabric, each loop securing a loop of an adjacent strand from the previous row.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weft_and_warp_knitting">Weft and warp knitting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Weft and warp knitting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Warp_knitting" title="Warp knitting">Warp knitting</a></div> <p>There are two major varieties of knitting: weft knitting and <a href="/wiki/Warp_knitting" title="Warp knitting">warp knitting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the more common <i>weft knitting</i>, the wales are perpendicular to the course of the yarn. In <a href="/wiki/Warp_knitting" title="Warp knitting">warp knitting</a>, the wales and courses run roughly parallel. In weft knitting, the entire fabric may be produced from a single yarn, by adding stitches to each wale in turn, moving across the fabric as in a <a href="/wiki/Raster_scan" title="Raster scan">raster scan</a>. By contrast, in warp knitting, one yarn is required for every wale.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since a typical piece of knitted fabric may have hundreds of wales, warp knitting is typically done by machine, whereas weft knitting is done by both hand and machine.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Warp-knitted fabrics such as <a href="/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics#Tricot_knitting" title="Basic knitted fabrics">tricot</a> and milanese are resistant to runs, and are commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Lingerie" title="Lingerie">lingerie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rundstrickmaschine_Zungennadeln.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Rundstrickmaschine_Zungennadeln.jpg/220px-Rundstrickmaschine_Zungennadeln.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Rundstrickmaschine_Zungennadeln.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption>A modern <a href="/wiki/Knitting_machine" title="Knitting machine">knitting machine</a> in the process of <a href="/wiki/Weft_knitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft knitting">weft knitting</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns. The two most common approaches are <a href="/wiki/Intarsia_(knitting)" title="Intarsia (knitting)">intarsia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_(technique)" title="Fair Isle (technique)">stranded colorwork</a>. In intarsia, the yarns are used in well-segregated regions, e.g., a red apple on a field of green; in that case, the yarns are kept on separate spools and only one is knitted at any time. In the more complex stranded approach, two or more yarns alternate repeatedly within one row and all the yarns must be carried along the row, as seen in <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_(technique)" title="Fair Isle (technique)">Fair Isle sweaters</a>. <a href="/wiki/Double_knitting" title="Double knitting">Double knitting</a> can produce two separate knitted fabrics simultaneously (e.g., two socks). However, the two fabrics are usually integrated into one, giving it great warmth and excellent drape. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knitting_knit_and_purl_stitches.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Knitting_knit_and_purl_stitches.png/220px-Knitting_knit_and_purl_stitches.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Knitting_knit_and_purl_stitches.png/330px-Knitting_knit_and_purl_stitches.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Knitting_knit_and_purl_stitches.png/440px-Knitting_knit_and_purl_stitches.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>In the knit stitch on the left, the next (red) loop passes through the previous (yellow) loop from <i>below</i>, whereas in the purl stitch (right), the next stitch enters from above. Thus, a knit stitch on one side of the fabric appears as a purl stitch on the other, and vice versa.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Knit_and_purl_stitches">Knit and purl stitches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Knit and purl stitches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_knitting_stitches" title="List of knitting stitches">List of knitting stitches</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knitting_red_courses_stockinette_garter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Knitting_red_courses_stockinette_garter.png/220px-Knitting_red_courses_stockinette_garter.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Knitting_red_courses_stockinette_garter.png/330px-Knitting_red_courses_stockinette_garter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Knitting_red_courses_stockinette_garter.png/440px-Knitting_red_courses_stockinette_garter.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Two courses of red yarn illustrating two basic fabric types. The lower red course is knit into the white row below it and is itself knit on the next row; this produces 'stockinette' stitch. The upper red course is purled into the row below and then is knit, consistent with 'garter' stitch.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Slipped_stitch_mistake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Slipped_stitch_mistake.jpg/220px-Slipped_stitch_mistake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Slipped_stitch_mistake.jpg/330px-Slipped_stitch_mistake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Slipped_stitch_mistake.jpg/440px-Slipped_stitch_mistake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A dropped stitch, or missed stitch, is a common error that creates an extra loop to be fixed.</figcaption></figure> <p>In securing the previous stitch in a wale, the next stitch can pass through the previous loop from either below or above. If the former, the stitch is denoted as a 'knit stitch' or a 'plain stitch;' if the latter, as a 'purl stitch'. The two stitches are related in that a knit stitch seen from one side of the fabric appears as a purl stitch on the other side. </p><p>The two types of stitches have a different visual effect; the knit stitches look like 'V's stacked vertically, whereas the purl stitches look like a wavy horizontal line across the fabric. Patterns and pictures can be created in knitted fabrics by using knit and purl stitches as "<a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a>"; however, such pixels are usually rectangular, rather than square, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Gauge_(knitting)" title="Gauge (knitting)">gauge/tension of the knitting</a>. Individual stitches, or rows of stitches, may be made taller by drawing more yarn into the new loop (an <a href="/wiki/Elongated_stitch_(knitting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elongated stitch (knitting)">elongated stitch</a>), which is the basis for <a href="/wiki/Uneven_knitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Uneven knitting">uneven knitting</a>: a row of tall stitches may alternate with one or more rows of short stitches for an interesting visual effect. Short and tall stitches may also alternate within a row, forming a fish-like oval pattern. </p><p>In the simplest of hand-knitted fabrics, every row of stitches are all knit (or all purl); this creates a garter stitch fabric. Alternating rows of all knit stitches and all purl stitches creates a stockinette stitch/stocking stitch pattern. Vertical stripes (<a href="/wiki/Ribbing_(knitting)" title="Ribbing (knitting)">ribbing</a>) are possible by having alternating wales of knit and purl stitches. For example, a common choice is 2x2 ribbing, in which two wales of knit stitches are followed by two wales of purl stitches, etc. Horizontal striping (<a href="/wiki/Welting_(knitting)" title="Welting (knitting)">welting</a>) is also possible, by alternating <i>rows</i> of knit and purl stitches. Checkerboard patterns (<a href="/wiki/Basketweave_(knitting)" title="Basketweave (knitting)">basketweave</a>) are also possible, the smallest of which is known as <i>seed/moss stitch</i>: the stitches alternate between knit and purl in every wale and along every row. </p><p>Fabrics in which each knitted row is followed by a purled row, such as in stockinette/stocking stitch, have a tendency to curl—top and bottom curl toward the front (or knitted side) while the sides curl toward the back (or purled side); by contrast, those in which knit and purl stitches are arranged symmetrically (such as ribbing, garter stitch or seed/moss stitch) have more texture and tend to lie flat. Wales of purl stitches have a tendency to recede, whereas those of knit stitches tend to come forward, giving the fabric more stretchability. Thus, the purl wales in ribbing tend to be invisible, since the neighboring knit wales come forward. Conversely, rows of purl stitches tend to form an embossed ridge relative to a row of knit stitches. This is the basis of <a href="/wiki/Shadow_knitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow knitting">shadow knitting</a>, in which the appearance of a knitted fabric changes when viewed from different directions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Typically, a new stitch is passed through a single unsecured ('active') loop, thus lengthening that wale by one stitch. However, this need not be so; the new loop may be passed through an already secured stitch lower down on the fabric, or even between secured stitches (a <a href="/wiki/Dip_stitch_(knitting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dip stitch (knitting)">dip stitch</a>). Depending on the distance between where the loop is drawn through the fabric and where it is knitted, dip stitches can produce a subtle stippling or long lines across the surface of the fabric, e.g., the lower leaves of a flower. The new loop may also be passed between two stitches in the 'present' row, thus <a href="/wiki/Gather_(knitting)" title="Gather (knitting)">clustering</a> the intervening stitches; this approach is often used to produce a <a href="/wiki/Smocking" title="Smocking">smocking</a> effect in the fabric. The new loop may also be passed through 'two or more' previous stitches, producing a <a href="/wiki/Decrease_(knitting)" title="Decrease (knitting)">decrease</a> and merging wales together. The merged stitches need not be from the same row; for example, a <a href="/wiki/Tuck_(knitting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuck (knitting)">tuck</a> can be formed by knitting stitches together from two different rows, producing a raised horizontal welt on the fabric. </p><p>Not every stitch in a row need be knitted; some may be 'missed' (unknitted and passed to the active needle) and knitted on a subsequent row. This is known as <a href="/wiki/Slip-stitch_knitting" title="Slip-stitch knitting">slip-stitch knitting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The slipped stitches are naturally longer than the knitted ones. For example, a stitch slipped for one row before knitting would be roughly twice as tall as its knitted counterparts. This can produce interesting visual effects, although the resulting fabric is more rigid because the slipped stitch 'pulls' on its neighbours and is less deformable. <a href="/wiki/Slip-stitch_knitting#Mosaic_knitting" title="Slip-stitch knitting">Mosaic knitting</a> is a form of slip-stitch knitting that knits alternate colored rows and uses slip stitches to form patterns; mosaic-knit fabrics tend to be stiffer than patterned fabrics produced by other methods such as <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_(technique)" title="Fair Isle (technique)">Fair-Isle knitting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some cases, a stitch may be deliberately left unsecured by a new stitch and its wale allowed to disassemble. This is known as <a href="/wiki/Drop-stitch_knitting" title="Drop-stitch knitting">drop-stitch knitting</a>, and produces a vertical ladder of see-through holes in the fabric, corresponding to where the wale had been. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Differences_between_knitting_and_crocheting">Differences between knitting and crocheting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Differences between knitting and crocheting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Knitting" title="Special:EditPage/Knitting">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>While creating knitting by hand, usually two needles are used to hold the live stitches. While crochet uses a single hook, usually creating one stitch at a time, finishing one stitch before creating the next. Knitted fabric tends to be flexible and flowing, the stitches forming a shape that is similar to a "V". Crochet fabric has a more structured feel, each stitch consisting of several loops entwined. Each textile has its own specialties and methods. Because of the different nature of each stitch, crochet fabric uses more yarn per stitch, is more structured, and is more flexible in the structures that can be created, not being restrained to create a stitch in the following stitch. Knitted fabric tends to be thinner, more flexible, and usually has easier to understand patterns because each new stitch must go into the next stitch. Because of the differences in how the fabrics are created, the first knitting machine was invented in Victorian times, while machine that can stitch a crochet fabric has yet to be produced. Although different methods, they can create similar projects using the same fibers and yarns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Right-_and_left-plaited_stitches">Right- and left-plaited stitches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Right- and left-plaited stitches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Plaited_stitch_(knitting)" title="Plaited stitch (knitting)">Plaited stitch (knitting)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knitting_plaited_stitches_fabric.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Knitting_plaited_stitches_fabric.png/220px-Knitting_plaited_stitches_fabric.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Knitting_plaited_stitches_fabric.png/330px-Knitting_plaited_stitches_fabric.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Knitting_plaited_stitches_fabric.png/440px-Knitting_plaited_stitches_fabric.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>The stitches on the right are right-plaited, whereas the stitches on the left are left-plaited.</figcaption></figure> <p>Both knit and purl stitches may be twisted: usually once if at all, but sometimes twice and (very rarely) thrice. When seen from above, the twist can be clockwise (right yarn over left) or counterclockwise (left yarn over right); these are denoted as right- and left-plaited stitches, respectively. Hand-knitters generally produce right-plaited stitches by knitting or purling through the back loops, i.e., passing the needle through the initial stitch in an unusual way, but wrapping the yarn as usual. By contrast, the left-plaited stitch is generally formed by hand-knitters by wrapping the yarn in the opposite way, rather than by any change in the needle. Although they are mirror images in form, right- and left-plaited stitches are functionally equivalent. Both types of plaited stitches give a subtle but interesting visual texture, and tend to draw the fabric inwards, making it stiffer. Plaited stitches are a common method for knitting jewelry from fine metal wire. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Entrelac-hat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Entrelac-hat.jpg/220px-Entrelac-hat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Entrelac-hat.jpg/330px-Entrelac-hat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Entrelac-hat.jpg/440px-Entrelac-hat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of <a href="/wiki/Entrelac" title="Entrelac">entrelac</a>. The blue and white wales are parallel to each other, but both are perpendicular to the black and gold wales, resembling <a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">basket weaving</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edges_and_joins_between_fabrics">Edges and joins between fabrics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Edges and joins between fabrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The initial and final edges of a knitted fabric are known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Casting_on_(knitting)" title="Casting on (knitting)">cast-on</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Binding_off_(knitting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binding off (knitting)">bound/cast-off</a></i> edges. The side edges are known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Selvage_(knitting)" title="Selvage (knitting)">selvages</a></i>; the word derives from "self-edges", meaning that the stitches do not need to be secured by anything else. Many types of selvages have been developed, with different elastic and ornamental properties. </p><p>Vertical and horizontal edges can be introduced within a knitted fabric, e.g., for button holes, by binding/casting off and re-casting on again (horizontal) or by knitting the fabrics on either side of a vertical edge separately. </p><p>Two knitted fabrics can be joined by embroidery-based <a href="/wiki/Grafting_(knitting)" title="Grafting (knitting)">grafting</a> methods, most commonly the Kitchener stitch. New wales can be begun from any of the edges of a knitted fabric; this is known as <a href="/wiki/Pick_up_stitches_(knitting)" title="Pick up stitches (knitting)">picking up stitches</a> and is the basis for <a href="/wiki/Entrelac" title="Entrelac">entrelac</a>, in which the wales run perpendicular to one another in a checkerboard pattern. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knitcable.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Knitcable.jpg/220px-Knitcable.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Knitcable.jpg/330px-Knitcable.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Knitcable.jpg/440px-Knitcable.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of <a href="/wiki/Cable_knitting" title="Cable knitting">cable knitting</a>. The central braid is formed from 2x2 ribbing in which the background is formed of purl stitches and the cables are each two wales of knit stitches. By changing the order in which the stitches are knit, the wales can be made to cross.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cables,_increases,_and_lace"><span id="Cables.2C_increases.2C_and_lace"></span>Cables, increases, and lace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cables, increases, and lace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_knitting_stitches" title="List of knitting stitches">List of knitting stitches</a></div> <p>Ordinarily, stitches are knitted in the same order in every row, and the wales of the fabric run parallel and vertically along the fabric. However, this need not be so, since the order in which stitches are knitted may be permuted so that wales cross over one another, forming a cable pattern. Cable patterns tend to draw the fabric together, making it denser and less elastic;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aran_sweater" class="mw-redirect" title="Aran sweater">Aran sweaters</a> are a common form of knitted cabling.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arbitrarily complex braid patterns can be done in <a href="/wiki/Cable_knitting" title="Cable knitting">cable knitting</a>, with the proviso that the wales must move ever upwards; it is generally impossible for a wale to move up and then down the fabric. Knitters have developed methods for giving the illusion of a circular wale, such as appear in <a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Celtic knots</a>, but these are inexact approximations. However, such circular wales are possible using Swiss darning, a form of embroidery, or by knitting a tube separately and attaching it to the knitted fabric. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serweta-na.drutach2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Serweta-na.drutach2.jpg/220px-Serweta-na.drutach2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Serweta-na.drutach2.jpg/330px-Serweta-na.drutach2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Serweta-na.drutach2.jpg/440px-Serweta-na.drutach2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Lace_knitting" title="Lace knitting">lace knitting</a>, the pattern is formed by making small, stable holes in the fabric, generally with <a href="/wiki/Yarn_over" title="Yarn over">yarn overs</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A wale can split into two or more wales using <a href="/wiki/Increase_(knitting)" title="Increase (knitting)">increases</a>, most commonly involving a <a href="/wiki/Yarn_over" title="Yarn over">yarn over</a>. Depending on how the increase is done, there is often a hole in the fabric at the point of the increase. This is used to great effect in <a href="/wiki/Lace_knitting" title="Lace knitting">lace knitting</a>, which consists of making patterns and pictures using such holes, rather than with the stitches themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The large and many holes in lacy knitting makes it extremely elastic; for example, some Shetland "wedding-ring" shawls are so fine that they may be drawn through a wedding ring. </p><p>By combining increases and decreases, it is possible to make the direction of a wale slant away from vertical, even in weft knitting. This is the basis for <a href="/wiki/Bias_knitting" title="Bias knitting">bias knitting</a>, and can be used for visual effect, similar to the direction of a brush-stroke in oil painting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ornamentations_and_additions">Ornamentations and additions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ornamentations and additions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various point-like ornaments may be added to knitting for their look or to improve the wear of the fabric. Examples include various types of <a href="/wiki/Bobble_(knitting)" title="Bobble (knitting)">bobbles</a>, sequins and <a href="/wiki/Bead_knitting" title="Bead knitting">beads</a>. Long loops can also be drawn out and secured, forming a "shaggy" texture to the fabric; this is known as <a href="/wiki/Loop_knitting" title="Loop knitting">loop knitting</a>. Additional patterns can be made on the surface of the knitted fabric using <a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">embroidery</a>; if the embroidery resembles knitting, it is often called Swiss darning. Various closures for the garments, such as frogs and buttons can be added; usually buttonholes are knitted into the garment, rather than cut. </p><p>Ornamental pieces may also be knitted separately and then attached using <a href="/wiki/Applique" class="mw-redirect" title="Applique">applique</a>. For example, differently colored leaves and petals of a flower could be knit separately and attached to form the final picture. Separately knitted tubes can be applied to a knitted fabric to form complex <a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Celtic knots</a> and other patterns that would be difficult to knit. </p><p>Unknitted yarns may be worked into knitted fabrics for warmth, as is done in <a href="/wiki/Tufting" title="Tufting">tufting</a> and "<a href="/wiki/Weaving_(knitting)" title="Weaving (knitting)">weaving</a>" (also known as "couching"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_culture">History and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_knitting" title="History of knitting">History of knitting</a></div> <p>The word is derived from <i>knot</i> and ultimately from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i>cnyttan</i>, to knot.<sup id="cite_ref-Games2007_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Games2007-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exact origins of knitting are unknown, the earliest known examples being cotton socks dating from the 11th century, found in the remains of the city of Fustat, now part of Cairo.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A5lebinding" title="Nålebinding">Nålebinding</a> (Danish: literally "binding with a needle" or "needle-binding") is a fabric creation technique predating both knitting and crochet. </p><p>The first commercial knitting guilds appear in Western Europe in the early fifteenth century (Tournai in 1429, Barcelona in 1496). The Guild of Saint Fiacre was founded in Paris in 1527 but the archives mention an organization (not necessarily a guild) of knitters from 1268.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The occupation: "cap knitter" describes Margaret Yeo, of London, in 1473.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the invention in 1589 of the <a href="/wiki/Stocking_frame" title="Stocking frame">stocking frame</a>, an early form of <a href="/wiki/Knitting_machine" title="Knitting machine">knitting machine</a>, knitting "by hand" became a craft used by country people with easy access to fiber. Similar to <a href="/wiki/Quilting" title="Quilting">quilting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">spinning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Needlepoint" title="Needlepoint">needlepoint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hand_knitting" title="Hand knitting">hand knitting</a> became a leisure activity for the wealthy. English Roman Catholic priest and former Anglican bishop, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rutt" title="Richard Rutt">Richard Rutt</a>, authored a history of the craft in A History of Hand Knitting (Batsford, 1987). His collection of books about knitting is now housed at the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_School_of_Art" title="Winchester School of Art">Winchester School of Art</a> (University of Southampton). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Properties_of_fabrics">Properties of fabrics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Properties of fabrics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Knitted_fabric" title="Knitted fabric">Knitted fabric</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knit-schematic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Knit-schematic.png/220px-Knit-schematic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Knit-schematic.png/330px-Knit-schematic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Knit-schematic.png/440px-Knit-schematic.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Schematic of stockinette stitch, the most basic weft-knit fabric</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Topology" title="Topology">topology</a> of a knitted fabric is relatively complex. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">woven</a> fabrics, where strands usually run straight horizontally and vertically, yarn that has been knitted follows a looped path along its row, as with the red strand in the diagram at left, in which the loops of one row have all been pulled through the loops of the row below it. </p><p>Because there is no single straight line of yarn anywhere in the pattern, a knitted piece of fabric can stretch in all directions.<sup id="cite_ref-coding_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coding-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This elasticity is all but unavailable in woven fabrics which only stretch along the <a href="/wiki/Bias_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bias (textile)">bias</a>. Many modern stretchy garments, even as they rely on elastic synthetic materials for some stretch, also achieve at least some of their stretch through knitted patterns. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stockinette_example_front.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Stockinette_example_front.JPG/220px-Stockinette_example_front.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Stockinette_example_front.JPG/330px-Stockinette_example_front.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Stockinette_example_front.JPG/440px-Stockinette_example_front.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2831" data-file-height="2721" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of front of <a href="/wiki/Stockinette_stitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockinette stitch">stockinette stitch</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stockinette_example_back.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stockinette_example_back.JPG/220px-Stockinette_example_back.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stockinette_example_back.JPG/330px-Stockinette_example_back.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Stockinette_example_back.JPG/440px-Stockinette_example_back.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2805" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of back of <a href="/wiki/Stockinette_stitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockinette stitch">stockinette stitch</a>, also same appearance as <a href="/wiki/Reverse_stockinette_stitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse stockinette stitch">reverse stockinette stitch</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The basic knitted fabric (as in the diagram, and usually called a <i>stocking</i> or <i>stockinette</i> pattern) has a definite <a href="/wiki/Flat_knitting" title="Flat knitting">"right side" and "wrong side"</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the right side, the visible portions of the loops are the verticals connecting two rows which are arranged in a grid of <i>V</i> shapes. On the wrong side, the ends of the loops are visible, both the tops and bottoms, creating a much more bumpy texture sometimes called <i><a href="/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics" title="Basic knitted fabrics">reverse stockinette</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Despite being the "wrong side", reverse stockinette is frequently used as a pattern in its own right.) Because the yarn holding rows together is all on the front, and the yarn holding side-by-side stitches together is all on the back, stockinette fabric has a strong tendency to curl toward the front on the top and bottom, and toward the back on the left and right side. </p><p>Stitches can be worked from either side, and various patterns are created by mixing regular knit stitches with the "wrong side" stitches, known as purl stitches, either in columns (ribbing), rows (<a href="/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics" title="Basic knitted fabrics">garter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welting_(knitting)" title="Welting (knitting)">welting</a>), or more complex patterns. Each fabric has different properties: a <a href="/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics" title="Basic knitted fabrics">garter stitch</a> has much more vertical stretch, while ribbing stretches much more horizontally. Because of their front-back <a href="/wiki/Symmetry" title="Symmetry">symmetry</a>, these two fabrics have little curl, making them popular as edging, even when their stretch properties are not desired. </p><p>The basic knitted fabrics are referred to by different names in the setting of industrial manufacture. The fabric known by hand knitters as stockinette is called plain knit or <a href="/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)" title="Jersey (fabric)">jersey</a>, and the fabric known by hand knitters as garter is called purl knitting or links-and-links.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different combinations of knit and purl stitches, along with more advanced techniques, generate fabrics of considerably variable consistency, from gauzy to very dense, from highly stretchy to relatively stiff, from flat to tightly curled, and so on. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pink_knitting_in_front_of_pink_sweatshirt.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pink_knitting_in_front_of_pink_sweatshirt.JPG/220px-Pink_knitting_in_front_of_pink_sweatshirt.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pink_knitting_in_front_of_pink_sweatshirt.JPG/330px-Pink_knitting_in_front_of_pink_sweatshirt.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Pink_knitting_in_front_of_pink_sweatshirt.JPG/440px-Pink_knitting_in_front_of_pink_sweatshirt.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of knitting</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texture">Texture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Texture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common texture for a knitted garment is that generated by the <a href="/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics" title="Basic knitted fabrics">flat stockinette stitch</a>—as seen, though very small, in machine-made stockings and <a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T-shirts</a>—which is worked in the round as nothing but knit stitches, and worked flat as alternating rows of knit and purl. Other simple textures can be made with nothing but knit and purl stitches, including garter stitch, ribbing, and <a href="/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics" title="Basic knitted fabrics">moss and seed stitches</a>. Adding a "slip stitch" (where a loop is passed from one needle to the other) allows for a wide range of textures, including heel and linen stitches as well as a number of more complicated patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Multicoloured_stiteches.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Multicoloured_stiteches.jpg/220px-Multicoloured_stiteches.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Multicoloured_stiteches.jpg/330px-Multicoloured_stiteches.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Multicoloured_stiteches.jpg/440px-Multicoloured_stiteches.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of <a href="/wiki/Ribbing_(knitting)" title="Ribbing (knitting)">ribbing</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some more advanced knitting techniques create a surprising variety of complex textures. Combining certain <a href="/wiki/Increase_(knitting)" title="Increase (knitting)">increases</a>, which can create small eyelet holes in the resulting fabric, with assorted <a href="/wiki/Decrease_(knitting)" title="Decrease (knitting)">decreases</a> is key to creating <a href="/wiki/Lace_knitting" title="Lace knitting">knitted lace</a>, a very open fabric resembling needle or bobbin <a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">lace</a>. Open vertical stripes can be created using the <a href="/wiki/Drop-stitch_knitting" title="Drop-stitch knitting">drop-stitch knitting</a> technique. Changing the order of stitches from one row to the next, usually with the help of a cable needle or <a href="/wiki/Stitch_holder" title="Stitch holder">stitch holder</a>, is key to <a href="/wiki/Cable_knitting" title="Cable knitting">cable knitting</a>, producing an endless variety of cables, honeycombs, ropes, and <a href="/wiki/Aran_sweater" class="mw-redirect" title="Aran sweater">Aran sweater</a> patterning. <a href="/wiki/Entrelac" title="Entrelac">Entrelac</a> forms a rich checkerboard texture by knitting small squares, picking up their side edges, and knitting more squares to continue the piece. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_(technique)" title="Fair Isle (technique)">Fair Isle</a> knitting uses two or more colored yarns to create patterns and forms a thicker and less flexible fabric. </p><p>The appearance of a garment is also affected by the <i>weight</i> of the yarn, which describes the thickness of the spun fibre. The thicker the yarn, the more visible and apparent stitches will be; the thinner the yarn, the finer the texture. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color">Color</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Color"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plenty of finished knitting projects never use more than a single color of yarn, but there are many ways to work in multiple colors. Some yarns are dyed to be either <i>variegated</i> (changing color every few stitches in a random fashion) or <i>self-striping</i> (changing every few rows). More complicated techniques permit large fields of color (<a href="/wiki/Intarsia_(knitting)" title="Intarsia (knitting)">intarsia</a>, for example), busy small-scale patterns of color (such as Fair Isle), or both (<a href="/wiki/Double_knitting" title="Double knitting">double knitting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slip-stitch_knitting" title="Slip-stitch knitting">slip-stitch color</a>, for example). </p><p>Yarn with multiple shades of the same hue are called <i>ombre</i>, while a yarn with multiple hues may be known as a given <i><a href="/wiki/Colorway" title="Colorway">colorway</a></i>; a green, red and yellow yarn might be dubbed the "Parrot Colorway" by its manufacturer, for example. <i>Heathered</i> yarns contain small amounts of fibre of different colours, while <i>tweed</i> yarns may have greater amounts of different colored fibres. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hand_knitting_process">Hand knitting process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hand knitting process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knitting_Perfection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knitting_Perfection.jpg/220px-Knitting_Perfection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knitting_Perfection.jpg/330px-Knitting_Perfection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Knitting_Perfection.jpg/440px-Knitting_Perfection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption>A woman in the process of hand knitting (1904)</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many hundreds of different <a href="/wiki/Knitting_stitches" class="mw-redirect" title="Knitting stitches">knitting stitches</a> used by hand knitters. A piece of hand knitting begins with the process of <i><a href="/wiki/Casting_on_(knitting)" title="Casting on (knitting)">casting on</a></i>, which involves the initial creation of the stitches on the needle. Different methods of casting on are used for different effects: one may be stretchy enough for lace, while another provides a decorative edging. <i>Provisional</i> cast-ons are used when the knitting will continue in both directions from the cast-on. There are various methods employed to cast on, such as the "thumb method" (also known as "slingshot" or "long-tail" cast-ons), where the stitches are created by a series of loops that will, when knitted, give a very loose edge ideal for "picking up stitches" and knitting a border; the "double needle method" (also known as "knit-on" or "cable cast-on"), whereby each loop placed on the needle is then "knitted on", which produces a firmer edge ideal on its own as a border; and many more. The number of active stitches remains the same as when cast on unless stitches are added (an <a href="/wiki/Increase_(knitting)" title="Increase (knitting)">increase</a>) or removed (a <a href="/wiki/Decrease_(knitting)" title="Decrease (knitting)">decrease</a>). </p><p>Most Western-style hand knitters follow either the <a href="/wiki/English_knitting" title="English knitting">English</a> style (in which the yarn is held in the right hand) or the <a href="/wiki/Continental_knitting" title="Continental knitting">Continental</a> style (in which the yarn is held in the left hand). </p><p>There are also different ways to insert the needle into the stitch. Knitting through the front of a stitch is called Western knitting. Going through the back of a stitch is called Eastern knitting. A third method, called <a href="/wiki/Combination_knitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Combination knitting">combination knitting</a>, goes through the front of a knit stitch and the back of a purl stitch.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the hand knitted piece is finished, the remaining live stitches are "<a href="/wiki/Binding_off_(knitting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binding off (knitting)">cast off</a>". Casting (or "binding") off loops the stitches across each other so they can be removed from the needle without unravelling the item. Although the mechanics are different from casting on, there is a similar variety of methods. </p><p>In hand knitting certain articles of clothing, especially larger ones like <a href="/wiki/Sweaters" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweaters">sweaters</a>, the final knitted garment will be made of several knitted pieces, with individual sections of the garment hand knitted separately and then <a href="/wiki/Grafting_(knitting)" title="Grafting (knitting)">sewn together</a>. Seamless knitting, where a whole garment is hand knit as a single piece, is also possible. <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Zimmermann" title="Elizabeth Zimmermann">Elizabeth Zimmermann</a> is probably the best-known proponent of seamless or circular hand knitting techniques. Smaller items, such as socks and hats, are usually knit in one piece on double-pointed needles or circular needles. Hats in particular can be started "top down" on double pointed needles with the increases added until the preferred size is achieved, switching to an appropriate circular needle when enough stitches have been added. Care must be taken to bind off at a tension that will allow the "give" needed to comfortably fit on the head. (See <i><a href="/wiki/Circular_knitting" title="Circular knitting">Circular knitting</a></i>.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Machine_knitting">Machine knitting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Machine knitting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Knitting_machine" title="Knitting machine">Knitting machine</a></div> <p>Knitting can also be performed by machines.  The first knitting machine, known as the stocking frame, was invented in England in 1589.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern knitting machines, both domestic and industrial, are either flat-bed or circular.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flat-bed knitting machines knit back and forth, producing a flat piece of fabric.  Flat-bed machines can produce uniform-width fabric which can be cut and sewn into garments, or they can produce shaped pieces which can be seamed to make garments without cutting.  The latter is known as full-fashioned knitting.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Circular knitting machines knit in a continuous circle, producing a tubular piece of fabric.  Similarly to knitted fabrics manufactured on flat-bed machines, a tube of uniform-width fabric may be cut along one side to produce flat fabric which can be cut and sewn into garments.  Fabric produced in this way can be cheaper than fabric produced on a flat-bed machine, as circular machines can operate at higher speed.  Circular knitting machines can also be used to create shaped, finished articles, such as socks.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Materials">Materials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Materials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yarn">Yarn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Yarn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yarn_hank_uncoiled.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Yarn_hank_uncoiled.png/220px-Yarn_hank_uncoiled.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Yarn_hank_uncoiled.png/330px-Yarn_hank_uncoiled.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Yarn_hank_uncoiled.png/440px-Yarn_hank_uncoiled.png 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>A hank of wool yarn (center) is uncoiled into its basic loop. A tie is visible at the left; after untying, the hank may be wound into a ball or balls suitable for knitting. Knitting from a normal hank directly is likely to tangle the yarn, producing snarls.</figcaption></figure> <p>Yarn for hand-knitting is usually sold as balls or skeins (hanks), and it may also be wound on spools or cones. Skeins and balls are generally sold with a <i>yarn-band</i>, a label that describes the yarn's <a href="/wiki/YarnWeight" class="mw-redirect" title="YarnWeight">weight</a>, length, dye lot, fiber content, washing instructions, suggested needle size, likely gauge/tension, etc. It is common practice to save the yarn band for future reference, especially if additional skeins must be purchased. Knitters generally ensure that the yarn for a project comes from a single dye lot. The dye lot specifies a group of skeins that were dyed together and thus have precisely the same color; skeins from different dye-lots, even if very similar in color, are usually slightly different and may produce a visible horizontal stripe when knitted together. If a knitter buys insufficient yarn of a single dye lot to complete a project, additional skeins of the same dye lot can sometimes be obtained from other yarn stores or online. Otherwise, knitters can alternate skeins every few rows to help the dye lots blend together easier. </p><p>The thickness or <a href="/wiki/YarnWeight" class="mw-redirect" title="YarnWeight">weight</a> of the yarn is a significant factor in determining the gauge/tension, i.e., how many stitches and rows are required to cover a given area for a given stitch pattern. Thicker yarns generally require thicker knitting needles, whereas thinner yarns may be knit with thick or thin needles. Hence, thicker yarns generally require fewer stitches, and therefore less time, to knit up a given garment. Patterns and motifs are coarser with thicker yarns; thicker yarns produce bold visual effects, whereas thinner yarns are best for refined patterns. Yarns are grouped by thickness into six categories: superfine, fine, light, medium, bulky and superbulky;<sup id="cite_ref-stoller_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stoller-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> quantitatively, thickness is measured by the number of wraps per inch (WPI). In the British Commonwealth (outside North America) yarns are measured as 1ply, 2ply, 3ply, 4ply, 5ply, 8ply (or double knit),10ply and 12ply (triple knit). The related <i>weight per unit length</i> is usually measured in <a href="/wiki/Units_of_textile_measurement" title="Units of textile measurement">tex or denier</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yarn_hank_and_ball.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Yarn_hank_and_ball.png/220px-Yarn_hank_and_ball.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Yarn_hank_and_ball.png/330px-Yarn_hank_and_ball.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Yarn_hank_and_ball.png/440px-Yarn_hank_and_ball.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Transformation of a hank of lavender silk yarn (top) into a ball in which the knitting yarn emerges from the center (bottom). The latter is better for knitting, since the yarn is much less likely to tangle.</figcaption></figure> <p>Before knitting, the knitter will typically transform a hank/skein into a ball where the yarn emerges from the center of the ball; this making the knitting easier by preventing the yarn from becoming easily tangled. This transformation may be done by hand, or with a device known as a ballwinder. When knitting, some knitters enclose their balls in jars to keep them clean and untangled with other yarns; the free yarn passes through a small hole in the jar-lid. </p><p>A yarn's usefulness for a knitting project is judged by several factors, such as its <i>loft</i> (its ability to trap air), its <i>resilience</i> (elasticity under tension), its <a href="/wiki/Laundry" title="Laundry">washability</a> and colorfastness, its <i>hand</i> (its feel, particularly softness vs. scratchiness), its durability against abrasion, its resistance to <a href="/wiki/Pill_(textile)" title="Pill (textile)">pilling</a>, its <i>hairiness</i> (fuzziness), its tendency to twist or untwist, its overall weight and drape, its blocking and felting qualities, its comfort (breathability, moisture absorption, wicking properties) and of course its look, which includes its color, sheen, smoothness and ornamental features. Other factors include allergenicity; speed of drying; resistance to chemicals, moths, and mildew; melting point and flammability; retention of static electricity; and the propensity to become stained and to accept dyes. Different factors may be more significant than others for different knitting projects, so there is no one "best" yarn. The resilience and propensity to (un)twist are general properties that affect the ease of hand-knitting. More resilient yarns are more forgiving of irregularities in <a href="/wiki/Gauge_(knitting)" title="Gauge (knitting)">tension</a>; highly twisted yarns are sometimes difficult to knit, whereas untwisting yarns can lead to split stitches, in which not all the yarn is knitted into a stitch. A key factor in knitting is <i>stitch definition</i>, corresponding to how well complicated stitch patterns can be seen when made from a given yarn. Smooth, highly spun yarns are best for showing off stitch patterns; at the other extreme, very fuzzy yarns or eyelash yarns have poor stitch definition, and any complicated stitch pattern would be invisible. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yarn_twist_S-Left_Z-Right.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Yarn_twist_S-Left_Z-Right.png/170px-Yarn_twist_S-Left_Z-Right.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Yarn_twist_S-Left_Z-Right.png/255px-Yarn_twist_S-Left_Z-Right.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Yarn_twist_S-Left_Z-Right.png 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="326" /></a><figcaption>The two possible twists of yarn</figcaption></figure> <p>Although knitting may be done with ribbons, metal wire or more exotic filaments, most yarns are made by <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">spinning</a> fibers. In spinning, the fibers are twisted so that the yarn resists breaking under tension; the twisting may be done in either direction, resulting in a Z-twist or S-twist yarn. If the fibers are first aligned by combing them, the yarn is smoother and called a <i>worsted</i>; by contrast, if the fibers are carded but not combed, the yarn is fuzzier and called <i>woolen-spun</i>. The fibers making up a yarn may be continuous <i>filament</i> fibers such as <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> and many synthetics, or they may be <i><a href="/wiki/Staple_(wool)" title="Staple (wool)">staples</a></i> (fibers of an average length, typically a few inches); naturally filament fibers are sometimes cut up into staples before spinning. The strength of the spun yarn against breaking is determined by the amount of twist, the length of the fibers and the thickness of the yarn. In general, yarns become stronger with more twist (also called <i>worst</i>), longer fibers and thicker yarns (more fibers); for example, thinner yarns require more twist than do thicker yarns to resist breaking under tension. The thickness of the yarn may vary along its length; a <i><a href="/wiki/Slub_(textiles)" title="Slub (textiles)">slub</a></i> is a much thicker section in which a mass of fibers is incorporated into the yarn. </p><p>The spun fibers are generally divided into <a href="/wiki/Animal_fiber" title="Animal fiber">animal fibers</a>, plant and <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">synthetic fibers</a>. These fiber types are chemically different, corresponding to <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a> and synthetic <a href="/wiki/Polymer" title="Polymer">polymers</a>, respectively. Animal fibers include <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a>, but generally are long hairs of animals such as <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a>), <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angora_goat" title="Angora goat">angora</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Cashmere_goat" title="Cashmere goat">cashmere goat</a>), <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angora_rabbit" title="Angora rabbit">angora</a>), <a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">llama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">alpaca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">yak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">muskox</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qiviut" title="Qiviut">qiviut</a>). Plants used for fibers include <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">flax</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramie" title="Ramie">ramie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">jute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urtica_dioica" title="Urtica dioica">nettle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raffia" class="mw-redirect" title="Raffia">raffia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yucca" title="Yucca">yucca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> husk, <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a> fiber, <a href="/wiki/Soy" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy">soy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cellulose_acetate" title="Cellulose acetate">acetate</a> fibers are also produced from <a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">cellulose</a> mainly derived from <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a>. Common synthetic fibers include <a href="/wiki/Acrylic_fiber" title="Acrylic fiber">acrylics</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">polyesters</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Polyethylene_terephthalate" title="Polyethylene terephthalate">dacron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ingeo" title="Ingeo">ingeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">nylon</a> and other polyamides, and <a href="/wiki/Olefin" class="mw-redirect" title="Olefin">olefins</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a>. Of these types, wool is generally favored for knitting, chiefly owing to its superior <a href="/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)" title="Elasticity (physics)">elasticity</a>, warmth and (sometimes) <a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">felting</a>. It is also common to blend different fibers in the yarn, e.g., 85% alpaca and 15% silk. Even within a type of fiber, there can be great variety in the length and thickness of the fibers; for example, <a href="/wiki/Merino" title="Merino">Merino</a> wool and <a href="/wiki/Gossypium_barbadense" title="Gossypium barbadense">Egyptian cotton</a> are favored because they produce exceptionally long, thin (fine) fibers for their type. </p><p>A single spun yarn may be knitted as is, or <a href="/wiki/Braid" title="Braid">braided</a> or <a href="/wiki/Plying" title="Plying">plied</a> with another. In plying, two or more yarns are spun together, almost always in the opposite sense from which they were spun individually; for example, two Z-twist yarns are usually plied with an S-twist. The opposing twist relieves some of the yarns' tendency to curl up and produces a thicker, <i>balanced</i> yarn. Plied yarns may themselves be plied together, producing <i>cabled yarns</i> or <i>multi-stranded yarns</i>. Sometimes, the yarns being plied are fed at different rates, so that one yarn loops around the other, as in <a href="/wiki/Boucl%C3%A9" title="Bouclé">bouclé</a>. The single yarns may be dyed separately before plying, or afterwards to give the yarn a uniform look. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">dyeing</a> of yarns is a complex art that has a long history. However, yarns need not be dyed. They may be dyed just one color, or a great variety of colors. Dyeing may be done industrially, by hand or even hand-painted onto the yarn. A great variety of synthetic dyes have been developed since the synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Indigo_dye" title="Indigo dye">indigo dye</a> in the mid-19th century; however, <a href="/wiki/Natural_dye" title="Natural dye">natural dyes</a> are also possible, although they are generally less brilliant. The color-scheme of a yarn is sometimes called its <a href="/wiki/Colorway" title="Colorway">colorway</a>. Variegated yarns can produce interesting visual effects, such as diagonal stripes; conversely, a variegated yarn may obscure a detailed knitting design, such as a cable or lace pattern. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metal_wire">Metal wire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Metal wire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are multiple <a href="#Commercial_applications">commercial applications</a> for knit fabric made of metal wire by knitting machines. Steel wire of various sizes may be used for electric and magnetic shielding due to its conductivity. Stainless steel may be used in a coffee press for its rust resistance. </p><p>Metal wire can also be used as jewelry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glass_and_wax">Glass and wax</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Glass and wax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knitted_Glass_Jitterbug_close-up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Knitted_Glass_Jitterbug_close-up.jpg/220px-Knitted_Glass_Jitterbug_close-up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Knitted_Glass_Jitterbug_close-up.jpg/330px-Knitted_Glass_Jitterbug_close-up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Knitted_Glass_Jitterbug_close-up.jpg/440px-Knitted_Glass_Jitterbug_close-up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Close-up of "Jitterbug" –  knitted glass by <a href="/wiki/Carol_Milne" title="Carol Milne">Carol Milne</a> </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Glass_art#Knitted_and_felted_glass" title="Glass art">Knitted glass</a> combines knitting with wax strands,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lost-wax_casting" title="Lost-wax casting">lost-wax casting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">mold-making</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glass_casting#Kiln_casting" title="Glass casting">kiln-casting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KWG_1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KWG_1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools">Tools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The process of knitting has three basic tasks: </p> <ol><li>the active (unsecured) stitches must be held so they don't <a href="/wiki/Drop-stitch_knitting" title="Drop-stitch knitting">drop</a></li> <li>these stitches must be released sometime after they are secured</li> <li>new bights of <a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">yarn</a> must be passed through the fabric, usually through active stitches, thus securing them.</li></ol> <p>In very simple cases, knitting can be done without tools, using only the <a href="/wiki/Finger_knitting" title="Finger knitting">fingers</a> to do these tasks; however, knitting is usually carried out using tools such as <a href="/wiki/Knitting_needle" title="Knitting needle">knitting needles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knitting_machine" title="Knitting machine">knitting machines</a> or rigid frames. Depending on their size and shape, the rigid frames are called <a href="/wiki/Stocking_frame" title="Stocking frame">stocking frames</a>, knitting boards, knitting rings (also called knitting looms) or <a href="/wiki/Spool_knitting" title="Spool knitting">knitting spools</a> (also known as knitting knobbies, <a href="/wiki/Knitting_Nancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Knitting Nancy">knitting nancies</a>, or corkers). There is also a technique called knooking<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of knitting with a <a href="/wiki/Crochet" title="Crochet">crochet</a> hook that has a cord attached to the end, to hold the stitches while they're being worked. Other tools are used to prepare yarn for knitting, to measure and design knitted garments, or to make knitting easier or more comfortable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Needles">Needles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Needles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Knitting_needle" title="Knitting needle">Knitting needle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Straight_knitting_needles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Straight_knitting_needles.JPG/220px-Straight_knitting_needles.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Straight_knitting_needles.JPG/330px-Straight_knitting_needles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Straight_knitting_needles.JPG/440px-Straight_knitting_needles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2935" data-file-height="2714" /></a><figcaption>Knitting needles in a variety of sizes and materials. Different materials have varying amounts of friction, and are suitable for different yarn types.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are three basic types of knitting needles (also called "knitting pins"). The first and most common type consists of two slender, straight sticks tapered to a point at one end, and with a knob at the other end to prevent stitches from slipping off. Such needles are usually 10–16 inches (250–410 mm) long but, due to the compressibility of knitted fabrics, may be used to knit pieces significantly wider. The most important property of needles is their diameter, which ranges from below 2 to 25 mm (roughly 1 inch). The diameter affects the size of stitches, which affects the gauge/tension of the knitting and the elasticity of the fabric. Thus, a simple way to change gauge/tension is to use different needles, which is the basis of <a href="/wiki/Uneven_knitting" class="mw-redirect" title="Uneven knitting">uneven knitting</a>. Although the diameter of the knitting needle is often measured in millimeters, there are several measurement systems, particularly those specific to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>; a conversion table is given at <a href="/wiki/Knitting_needle" title="Knitting needle">knitting needle</a>. Such knitting needles may be made out of any materials, but the most common materials are metals, <a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plastic" title="Plastic">plastic</a>. Different materials have different frictions and grip the yarn differently; slick needles such as metallic needles are useful for swift knitting, whereas rougher needles such as bamboo offer more friction and are therefore less prone to dropping stitches. The knitting of new stitches occurs only at the tapered ends. Needles with lighted tips have been sold to allow knitters to knit in the dark. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_pointed_knitting_needles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Double_pointed_knitting_needles.JPG/220px-Double_pointed_knitting_needles.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Double_pointed_knitting_needles.JPG/330px-Double_pointed_knitting_needles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Double_pointed_knitting_needles.JPG/440px-Double_pointed_knitting_needles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3311" data-file-height="2035" /></a><figcaption>Double-pointed knitting needles in various materials and sizes. They come in sets of four, five or six.</figcaption></figure> <p>The second type of knitting needles are straight, double-pointed knitting needles (also called "DPNs"). Double-pointed needles are tapered at both ends, which allows them to be knit from either end. DPNs are typically used for <a href="/wiki/Circular_knitting" title="Circular knitting">circular knitting</a>, especially smaller tube-shaped pieces such as sleeves, collars, and socks; usually one needle is active while the others hold the remaining active stitches. DPNs are somewhat shorter (typically 7 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inches</a>) and are usually sold in sets of four or five. </p><p>The third needle type consists of circular needles, which are long, flexible double-pointed needles. The two tapered ends (typically 5 inches (130 mm) long) are rigid and straight, allowing for easy knitting; however, the two ends are connected by a flexible strand (usually nylon) that allows the two ends to be brought together. Circular needles are typically 24-60 inches long, and are usually used singly or in pairs; again, the width of the knitted piece may be significantly longer than the length of the circular needle. Interchangeable needles are a subset of circular needles. They are kits consist of pairs of needles with usually nylon cables or cords. The cables/cords are screwed into the needles, allowing the knitter to have both flexible straight needles or circular needles. This also allows the knitter to change the diameter and length of the needles as needed. The needles must be screwed on tightly, otherwise yarn can snag and become damaged. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Circular_knitting_needles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Circular_knitting_needles.JPG/220px-Circular_knitting_needles.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Circular_knitting_needles.JPG/330px-Circular_knitting_needles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Circular_knitting_needles.JPG/440px-Circular_knitting_needles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3379" data-file-height="2445" /></a><figcaption>Circular knitting needles in different lengths, materials and sizes, including plastic, aluminum, steel and nickel-plated brass</figcaption></figure><p>The ability to work from either end of one needle is convenient in several types of knitting, such as <a href="/wiki/Slip-stitch_knitting" title="Slip-stitch knitting">slip-stitch</a> versions of <a href="/wiki/Double_knitting" title="Double knitting">double knitting</a>. Circular needles may be used for <a href="/wiki/Flat_knitting" title="Flat knitting">flat</a> or circular knitting. </p><p>Cable needles are a special case of DPNs, although they are usually not straight, but dimpled in the middle. Often, they have the form of a hook. When cabling a knitted piece, a hook is easier to grab and hold the yarn. Cable needles are typically very short (a few inches), and are used to hold stitches temporarily while others are being knitted. When in use, the cable needle is used at the same time as two regular needles. At specific points indicated by the <a href="/wiki/Knitting_pattern" title="Knitting pattern">knitting pattern</a>, the cable needle is moved, the stitches on it are worked by the other needles, then the cable needle is turned around to a different position to create the cable twist. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cable_Needles.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Cable_Needles.JPG/220px-Cable_Needles.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Cable_Needles.JPG/330px-Cable_Needles.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Cable_Needles.JPG/440px-Cable_Needles.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3204" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Cable needles</figcaption></figure> <p>Cable needles are a specific design, and are used to create the twisting motif of a knitted cable. They are made in different sizes, which produces cables of different widths. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancillary_tools">Ancillary tools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ancillary tools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knitting_tools.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Knitting_tools.png/220px-Knitting_tools.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Knitting_tools.png/330px-Knitting_tools.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Knitting_tools.png/440px-Knitting_tools.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Some ancillary tools, also called <a href="/wiki/Notions_(sewing)" title="Notions (sewing)">notions</a>, used by hand-knitters. Starting from the bottom right are two crochet hooks, two stitch holders (like big blunt safety pins), and two cable needles in pink and green. On the left are a pair of scissors, a yarn needle, green and blue stitch markers, and two orange point protectors. At the top left are two blue point protectors, one on a red needle.</figcaption></figure> <p>Various tools have been developed to make hand-knitting easier. Tools for measuring needle diameter and yarn properties have been discussed above, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Swift_(textiles)" title="Swift (textiles)">yarn swift</a>, ballwinder and "yarntainers". Crochet hooks and a darning needle are often useful in <a href="/wiki/Binding_off_(knitting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Binding off (knitting)">binding/casting off</a> or in <a href="/wiki/Grafting_(knitting)" title="Grafting (knitting)">joining two knitted pieces edge-to-edge</a>. The darning needle is used in duplicate stitch (also known as Swiss darning). The crochet hook is also essential for repairing dropped stitches and some specialty stitches such as <a href="/wiki/Tufting" title="Tufting">tufting</a>. Other tools such as <a href="/wiki/Spool_knitting" title="Spool knitting">knitting spools</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pom-pom" title="Pom-pom">pom-pom</a> makers are used to prepare specific ornaments. For large or complex <a href="/wiki/Knitting_patterns" class="mw-redirect" title="Knitting patterns">knitting patterns</a>, it is sometimes difficult to keep track of which stitch should be knit in a particular way; therefore, several tools have been developed to identify the number of a particular row or stitch, including circular stitch markers, hanging markers, extra yarn and <a href="/wiki/Row_counter_(hand_knitting)" title="Row counter (hand knitting)">row counters</a>. A second potential difficulty is that the knitted piece will slide off the tapered end of the needles when unattended; this is prevented by "point protectors" that cap the tapered ends. Another problem is that too much knitting may lead to hand and wrist troubles; for this, special stress-relieving gloves are available. In traditional Shetland knitting a special belt is often used to support the end of one needle allowing the knitting greater speed. Finally, there are sundry bags and containers for holding knitting, yarns and needles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Knitting_styles/holds"><span id="Knitting_styles.2Fholds"></span>Knitting styles/holds</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Knitting styles/holds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continental/German_style"><span id="Continental.2FGerman_style"></span>Continental/German style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Continental/German style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Continental_knitting" title="Continental knitting">Continental knitting</a></div> <p>Continental knitting is achieved by holding the yarn in your left hand for both knitting and purling. Patterns are created on the outside (public-facing) side of the piece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Norwegian_style">Norwegian style</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Norwegian style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_knitting" title="Norwegian knitting">Norwegian knitting</a></div> <p>While knit stitches are worked as in the classic Continental style, the purl is worked by leaving the yarn at back and moving the needle.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russian_style">Russian style</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Russian style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another variation on Continental knitting, this style is achieved by "picking" up the yarn by moving the needle head into it. Now wrap the yarn around the index finger on that left hand, so it is coming over the top of your finger and back around underneath it and on top of your middle finger. You will wind up with your index finger very close to the back of your left-hand needle. In Russian knitting, it is common to slip the first stitch of every row. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_style">English style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: English style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/English_knitting" title="English knitting">English knitting</a></div> <p>English-style knitting is achieved by holding the yarn in your right hand. Patterns are created on the outside (public-facing) side of the piece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese/Greek/Incan/Turkish_style"><span id="Portuguese.2FGreek.2FIncan.2FTurkish_style"></span>Portuguese/Greek/Incan/Turkish style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Portuguese/Greek/Incan/Turkish style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This style is achieved by carrying the yarn around the neck or from a necklace-style hook, allowing the knitter to knit on the reverse (purl) side, e.g. "inside out" compared to Western knitting techniques. Patterns are typically created by stranding the yarn on the outside of the piece. This is an ancient style of knitting, which spread from Arabic culture to the Iberian peninsula, during its occupation by Muslims. Hence this style was taught to Indigenous South Americans, during conquest by Spanish/Portuguese colonists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Knitting_techniques">Knitting techniques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Knitting techniques"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armenian">Armenian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Armenian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Armenian knitting technique tacks the non-working yarn to the piece regularly to limit floats. You will tack your non-working yarn down approximately every 3 stitches. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_knitting">Double knitting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Double knitting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Double_knitting" title="Double knitting">Double knitting</a></div><p>A technique used to create a flat, smooth, reversible fabric that looks like stockinette or jersey on both sides, rather than having a knit face and a purl reverse side. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fair_Isle">Fair Isle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Fair Isle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_(technique)" title="Fair Isle (technique)">Fair Isle (technique)</a></div> <p>A method by which many different yarns are used throughout the row and when not being used are floated on the wrong side of the piece. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mega_knitting">Mega knitting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Mega knitting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mega knitting is a term recently coined and relates to the use of knitting needles greater than or equal to half an inch in diameter. </p><p>Mega knitting uses the same stitches and techniques as conventional knitting, except that hooks are carved into the ends of the needles. The hooked needles greatly enhance control of the work, catching the stitches and preventing them from slipping off. </p><p>It was the development of the knitting machine that introduced hooked needles and enabled faultless, automated knitting. The hook catches the loop of yarn as each stitch is knitted, meaning that wrists and fingers do not have to work so hard and there is less chance of stitches slipping off the needle. The position of the hook is most important. Turn the left (non-working) hook to face away at all times; turn the right (working) hook toward you up whilst knitting (plain stitch) and away whilst purling. </p><p>Mega knitting produces a chunky, bulky fabric or an open lacy weave, depending on the weight and type of yarn used.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Micro_knitting">Micro knitting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Micro knitting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Micro knitting or miniature knitting uses extremely fine threads and needles. Anthea Crome created 14 tiny sweaters used in the <a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">stop motion</a> <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animated</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Coraline_(film)" title="Coraline (film)">Coraline</a></i> and has made objects at 60 or 80 stitches per inch, making her own needles from fine surgical steel wire.<sup id="cite_ref-hollywood_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollywood-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nargi-crome_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nargi-crome-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-partlow_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-partlow-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She has published <i>Bugknits: Extreme knitting for hobbyists, artists and knitters</i> (2009, Blurb: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1320025546" title="Special:BookSources/978-1320025546">978-1320025546</a>). Annelies de Kort has knitted on an even smaller scale and has used needles of 0.4mm.<sup id="cite_ref-nargi-dekort_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nargi-dekort-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dekort_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dekort-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_row">Short row</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Short row"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Short_row_(knitting)" title="Short row (knitting)">Short row (knitting)</a></div> <p>In short row knitting, the work is turned before a row is fully knitted. There are several ways to achieve this. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wrap_and_turn">Wrap and turn</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Wrap and turn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just before the work is turned, the working yarn is passed around the next unknitted stitch, forming a “wrap.” Later, this “wrap” is picked up and knitted into a stitch, concealing it from view. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="German_short_row">German short row</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: German short row"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In German short rows, the work is turned and the last stitch worked is slipped purlwise with yarn in front to the right needle. Finally, the working yarn is pulled over the top of the needle to the back, which rotates the stitch on the needle so that it tips backwards, forming what appears to be a double-stitch, sometimes referred to as a “German double stitch”. The working yarn stays to the back for the next stitch if it is to be knitted, or rotated below the right needle and pulled to the front, if it is to be purled, both of which maintain the proper (“tipped back”) orientation of the German double stitch. Eventually, this German double stitch is worked like a single stitch, which masks its appearance as viewed from the right side to look like a regular stitch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese_short_row">Japanese short row</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Japanese short row"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Japanese short rows, a locking stitch marker is used to hold the loop of the working yarn at the turning point. Eventually, the loop is picked up (and stitch marker removed) and worked together with the stitch on the other side of the gap. Japanese short rows usually result in tidier turning points with less extraneous yarn bulk compared to German short rows and the Wrap and Turn technique. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twined_knitting">Twined knitting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Twined knitting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Twined_knitting" title="Twined knitting">Twined knitting</a></div> <p>The technique, also known as two-end knitting, is a traditional <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> knitting technique. It refers to knitting where two strands of yarn are knitted into the fabric alternatively and twisted once and always in the same direction before every stitch. This produces a firmer and more durable fabric with greater thermal insulation than conventional one-end knitting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_applications">Commercial applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Commercial applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Industry_(manufacturing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Industry (manufacturing)">Industrially</a>, metal <a href="/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">wire</a> is also knitted into a metal fabric for a wide range of uses including the filter material in <a href="/wiki/Cafetiere" class="mw-redirect" title="Cafetiere">cafetieres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalytic_converters" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalytic converters">catalytic converters</a> for <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">cars</a> and many other uses. These fabrics are usually manufactured on circular <a href="/wiki/Knitting_machine" title="Knitting machine">knitting machines</a> that would be recognized by conventional knitters as <a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">sock</a> machines. </p><p>Knitting mills are factories that produce knitted fabrics or knitted apparel.  Knitted fabrics are used in the manufacture of highly-fitted garments such as athleticwear and <a href="/wiki/Athleisure" title="Athleisure">athleisure</a>.  The stretch properties of knitted fabrics may be enhanced by the inclusion of fibers such as <a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">spandex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to athletic-type garments, knitted fabric may be used in fashion garments.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many fashion designers make heavy use of <a href="/wiki/Knitted_fabric" title="Knitted fabric">knitted fabric</a> in their fashion collections. <a href="/wiki/Gordana_Gelhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordana Gelhausen">Gordana Gelhausen</a>, who appeared in season six of the television show <i><a href="/wiki/Project_Runway" title="Project Runway">Project Runway</a></i>, is primarily a knit designer. Other designers and labels that make heavy use of knitting include <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kors" title="Michael Kors">Michael Kors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fendi" title="Fendi">Fendi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marc_Jacobs" title="Marc Jacobs">Marc Jacobs</a>. </p><p>Knitting mills can also produce completed knitted apparel, such as <a href="/wiki/Sweater" title="Sweater">sweaters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sock" title="Sock">socks</a>, <a href="/wiki/T-shirt" title="T-shirt">T-shirts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Underwear" title="Underwear">underwear</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning in the 1990s, seamless 3-dimensional whole-garment knitting machines have increased the options of finished garments that can be produced in knitting mills.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These machines have also enabled the production of knitted <a href="/wiki/Shoe" title="Shoe">shoe</a> uppers.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For individual hobbyists, websites such as <a href="/wiki/Etsy" title="Etsy">Etsy</a>, Big Cartel and <a href="/wiki/Ravelry" title="Ravelry">Ravelry</a> have made it easy to sell <a href="/wiki/Knitting_patterns" class="mw-redirect" title="Knitting patterns">knitting patterns</a> on a small scale, in a way similar to <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Graffiti">Graffiti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Graffiti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yarn_bombing" title="Yarn bombing">Yarn bombing</a></div> <p>In the 2000s, a practice called knitting graffiti, guerilla knitting, or <a href="/wiki/Yarn_bombing" title="Yarn bombing">yarn bombing</a>—the use of knitted or crocheted cloth to modify and beautify one's (usually outdoor) surroundings—emerged in the U.S. and spread worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-yarnbombing_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yarnbombing-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magda Sayeg is credited with starting the movement in the US and Knit the City are a prominent group of graffiti knitters in the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yarn bombers sometimes target existing pieces of graffiti for beautification. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Cole_(artist)" title="Dave Cole (artist)">Dave Cole</a> is a contemporary sculpture artist who practiced knitting as graffiti for a large-scale public art installation in Melbourne, Australia for the Big West Arts Festival in 2009. The work was vandalized the night of its completion.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new movie, shot by a Tasmanian filmmaker on a set made almost entirely out of yarn, was partially inspired by "knitted graffiti".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yarn_crawl">Yarn crawl</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Yarn crawl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many major metropolitan cities across the US and Europe host annual Yarn Crawls. The event is typically a multi-day event that caters to all knitters, crochet and yarn enthusiasts that supports the local crafting community. Over the multi-day period, multiple local yarn and knit shops participate in the yarn crawl and offer up store discounts, give away free exclusive patterns, provide classes, trunk shows and conduct raffles for prizes. Participants of the crawl receive a passport and get their passport stamped at each store they visit along the crawl. Traditionally those that get their passports fully stamped are eligible to win a larger gift basket filled with yarn, knitting and crochet goodies. Some local crawls also provide a Knit-Along (KAL) or Crochet-Along (CAL) where attendees follow a specific pattern prior to the crawl and then proudly wear it during the crawl for others to see.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charity">Charity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Charity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_two_women_and_a_child,_all_knitting_for_the_war_effort_in_St._Louis,_Missouri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_two_women_and_a_child%2C_all_knitting_for_the_war_effort_in_St._Louis%2C_Missouri.jpg/220px-Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_two_women_and_a_child%2C_all_knitting_for_the_war_effort_in_St._Louis%2C_Missouri.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_two_women_and_a_child%2C_all_knitting_for_the_war_effort_in_St._Louis%2C_Missouri.jpg/330px-Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_two_women_and_a_child%2C_all_knitting_for_the_war_effort_in_St._Louis%2C_Missouri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_two_women_and_a_child%2C_all_knitting_for_the_war_effort_in_St._Louis%2C_Missouri.jpg/440px-Drawing_by_Marguerite_Martyn_of_two_women_and_a_child%2C_all_knitting_for_the_war_effort_in_St._Louis%2C_Missouri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2662" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Drawing by <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Martyn" title="Marguerite Martyn">Marguerite Martyn</a> of two women and a child knitting for the war effort at a St. Louis, Missouri, Red Cross office in 1917</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Hand_knitting" title="Hand knitting">Hand knitting</a> garments for free distribution to others has become common practice among hand knitting groups. Girls and women hand knitted socks, sweaters, scarves, mittens, gloves, and hats for soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Boer_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer Wars">Boer Wars</a>; this practice continued in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, and continues for soldiers in <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Iraq">Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a>. The Australian charity <i><a href="/wiki/Wrap_with_Love" title="Wrap with Love">Wrap with Love</a></i> continues to provide blankets hand knitted by volunteers to people most in need around the world who have been affected by war. </p><p>In the historical projects, yarn companies provided knitting patterns approved by the various branches of the armed services; often they were distributed by local chapters of the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a>. Modern projects usually entail the hand knitting of hats or helmet liners; the liners provided for soldiers must be of 100% worsted weight wool and be crafted using specific colors. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Knitting_a_brighter_future_for_Syrian_refugees_in_Lebanon_(11173833666).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Syrian refugee stands next to the clothes she has knitted for sale." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Knitting_a_brighter_future_for_Syrian_refugees_in_Lebanon_%2811173833666%29.jpg/220px-Knitting_a_brighter_future_for_Syrian_refugees_in_Lebanon_%2811173833666%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Knitting_a_brighter_future_for_Syrian_refugees_in_Lebanon_%2811173833666%29.jpg/330px-Knitting_a_brighter_future_for_Syrian_refugees_in_Lebanon_%2811173833666%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Knitting_a_brighter_future_for_Syrian_refugees_in_Lebanon_%2811173833666%29.jpg/440px-Knitting_a_brighter_future_for_Syrian_refugees_in_Lebanon_%2811173833666%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Some charities teach women to knit as a means of clothing their families or supporting themselves.</figcaption></figure> <p>Clothing and afghans are frequently made for children, the elderly, and the economically disadvantaged in various countries. <a href="/wiki/Pine_Ridge_Indian_Reservation" title="Pine Ridge Indian Reservation">Pine Ridge Indian Reservation</a> accepts donations for the Lakota people in the United States. Prayer shawls, or shawls in which the crafter meditates or says prayers of their faith while hand knitting with the intent on comforting the recipient, are donated to those experiencing loss or stress. Many knitters today hand knit and donate "chemo caps", soft caps for cancer patients who lose their hair during <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>. Yarn companies offer free knitting patterns for these caps. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Penguin_sweater" title="Penguin sweater">Penguin sweaters</a> were hand knitted by volunteers for the rehabilitation of penguins contaminated by exposure to oil slicks. The project is now complete.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chicken sweaters were also hand knitted to aid battery hens that had lost their feathers. The organization is not currently accepting donations, but maintains a list of volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally started after the 2004 Indonesian tsunami, Knitters Without Borders<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a charity challenge issued by knitting personality <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Pearl-McPhee" title="Stephanie Pearl-McPhee">Stephanie Pearl-McPhee</a> that encourages <a href="/wiki/Hand_knitting" title="Hand knitting">hand knitters</a> to donate to <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> (Doctors Without Borders). Instead of hand knitting for charity, knitters are encouraged to donate a week's worth of disposable income, including money that otherwise might have been spent on yarn. Knitted items are occasional offered as prizes to donors. As of September 2011, Knitters Without Borders donors have contributed CAD$1,062,217.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Security blankets can also be made through the Project Linus organization which helps needy children.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are organizations that help reach other countries in need such as afghans for Afghans. This outreach is described as, "<a href="/wiki/Afghan_(blanket)" title="Afghan (blanket)">afghans</a> for Afghans is a humanitarian and educational people-to-people project that sends hand-knit and crocheted blankets and sweaters, vests, hats, mittens, and socks to the beleaguered people of Afghanistan."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The knitters of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Yellow_Duck_Project" title="Little Yellow Duck Project">Little Yellow Duck Project</a> craft small yellow <a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">ducks</a> which are left for others to find, as a <a href="/wiki/Random_act_of_kindness" title="Random act of kindness">random act of kindness</a> and to raise awareness of <a href="/wiki/Blood_donation" title="Blood donation">blood donation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organ_donation" title="Organ donation">organ donation</a>. The project was started in memory of a young woman who had collected plastic toy ducks and who died from <a href="/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis" title="Cystic fibrosis">cystic fibrosis</a> while waiting for a <a href="/wiki/Lung_transplantation" title="Lung transplantation">lung transplant</a>. Finders of the ducks are encouraged to log them on a website, which as of May 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> shows that 12,265 ducks have been found in 106 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-lyd_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lyd-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_benefits">Health benefits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Health benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KnittingMadonna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/KnittingMadonna.jpg/220px-KnittingMadonna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/KnittingMadonna.jpg/330px-KnittingMadonna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/KnittingMadonna.jpg/440px-KnittingMadonna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1445" data-file-height="1716" /></a><figcaption>The earliest image of <a href="/wiki/Circular_knitting" title="Circular knitting">circular knitting</a>, from the 15th century AD <a href="/wiki/Buxtehude" title="Buxtehude">Buxtehude</a> altarpiece</figcaption></figure> <p>Studies have shown that hand knitting, along with other forms of needlework, provide several significant health benefits. These studies have found the rhythmic and repetitive action of <a href="/wiki/Hand_knitting" title="Hand knitting">hand knitting</a> can help prevent and manage stress, pain and depression, which in turn strengthens the body's immune system,<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as create a relaxation response in the body which can decrease blood pressure, heart rate, help prevent illness, and have a calming effect. Pain specialists have also found that hand knitting changes brain chemistry, resulting in an increase in "feel good" hormones (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dopamine" title="Dopamine">dopamine</a>) and a decrease in stress hormones.<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knitting can improve dexterity in the hands and fingers. This keeps the fingers limber and can be especially helpful for those with arthritis. Knitting can reduce the pain of arthritis if people make it a daily habit.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hand knitting, along with other leisure activities, has been linked to reducing the risk of developing <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a> by preventing memory loss.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much like physical activity strengthens the body, mental exercise makes the human brain more resilient. Knitting can be done anywhere and requires that minimal materials and props be carried around with you, making it a very pleasurable and simple hobby that gives wonderful benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knitting also helps in the area of social interaction; knitting provides people with opportunities to socialize with others and build community.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One way to increase social interaction with knitting is inviting friends over to knit and chat with each other.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many public libraries and yarn stores host knitting groups where knitters can meet locally to engage with others interested in hand crafts. </p><p>Knitting has been shown to be an effective form of art therapy for coping with trauma or grief . Whether the knitting is done individually or in a knitting group, the creativity and creation process along with the repetitive physical motion has been shown to be effective.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A repository of research into the effect on health of <a href="/wiki/Hand_knitting" title="Hand knitting">hand knitting</a> can be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stitchlinks.com/clinicians.html">Stitch links</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an organization founded in Bath, England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_knitters">Notable knitters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Notable knitters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Bordhi" title="Cat Bordhi">Cat Bordhi</a> - pioneered teaching new and efficient knitting techniques</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaffe_Fassett" title="Kaffe Fassett">Kaffe Fassett</a> - American-born, British-based artist known for his colorful designs in the decorative arts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Pearl-McPhee" title="Stephanie Pearl-McPhee">Stephanie Pearl-McPhee</a> - is a writer, knitter, and knit-wear designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitta_Please" title="Knitta Please">Magda Sayeg</a> - creator of Knitta Please knit graffiti movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_G._Walker" title="Barbara G. Walker">Barbara G. Walker</a> - author of several encyclopedic knitting references</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_West_(designer)" title="Stephen West (designer)">Stephen West</a> - American knitter, fashion designer, educator, and author known for his knitting patterns and strong use of color</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Zimmermann" title="Elizabeth Zimmermann">Elizabeth Zimmermann</a> - British-born hand knitting teacher and designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daley" title="Tom Daley">Tom Daley</a> - British Olympic gold medallist and knitting and crochet designer. Founder of Made With Love by Tom Daley.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabetta_Matsumoto" title="Elisabetta Matsumoto">Elisabetta Matsumoto</a> - American physicist whose scientific interests include the study of knitted fabrics' special mathematical and mechanical properties.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/28px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/42px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/56px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Clothing" title="Portal:Clothing">Clothing portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_crocheting_thread.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Blue_crocheting_thread.jpg/28px-Blue_crocheting_thread.jpg" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Blue_crocheting_thread.jpg/42px-Blue_crocheting_thread.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Blue_crocheting_thread.jpg/56px-Blue_crocheting_thread.jpg 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Textile_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Textile arts">Textile arts portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_art" title="Fiber art">Fiber art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_knitting" title="Finger knitting">Finger knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitted_fabric" title="Knitted fabric">Knitted fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting_abbreviations" title="Knitting abbreviations">Knitting abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Knitting clubs">Knitting clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Knitting_Guild_Association" title="The Knitting Guild Association">The Knitting Guild Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochet" title="Crochet">Crochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macram%C3%A9" title="Macramé">Macramé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tempestry_Project" title="The Tempestry Project">The Tempestry Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Textile manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn_bombing" title="Yarn bombing">Yarn bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweater_curse" title="Sweater curse">Sweater curse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">Handicraft</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson-RobertsRobson2004" class="citation book cs1">Gibson-Roberts, Priscilla; Robson, Deborah (2004). "Chapter 2: Traditional Yarns". <i>Knitting the Old Way: Designs & Techniques from Ethnic Sweaters</i>. Fort Collins: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomad_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomad Press (page does not exist)">Nomad Press</a>. pp. 26–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780966828962" title="Special:BookSources/9780966828962"><bdi>9780966828962</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+Traditional+Yarns&rft.btitle=Knitting+the+Old+Way%3A+Designs+%26+Techniques+from+Ethnic+Sweaters&rft.place=Fort+Collins&rft.pages=26-38&rft.pub=Nomad+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780966828962&rft.aulast=Gibson-Roberts&rft.aufirst=Priscilla&rft.au=Robson%2C+Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knitty.com/ISSUEwinter03/FEATwin03TT.html">"Techniques with Theresa, Frog pond edition"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014082347/http://www.knitty.com/issuewinter03/FEATwin03TT.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Techniques+with+Theresa%2C+Frog+pond+edition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknitty.com%2FISSUEwinter03%2FFEATwin03TT.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A wale, according to <i>Knitting Technology: a Comprehensive Handbook and Practical Guide</i>, is "a predominantly vertical column of needle loops generally produced by the same needles at successive (not necessarily all) knitting cycles. A wale starts as soon as an empty needle starts to knit" (Spencer 1989:17).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135129/http://www.alamacknits.com/knitting.htm">"Knitting Basics"</a>. Alamac American Knits LLC. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alamacknits.com/knitting.htm">the original</a> on 27 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Knitting+Basics&rft.pub=Alamac+American+Knits+LLC&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alamacknits.com%2Fknitting.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyosev2020" class="citation book cs1">Kyosev, Yordan (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1111501128"><i>Warp Knitted Fabrics Construction</i></a>. Boca Raton, FL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4987-8017-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4987-8017-9"><bdi>978-1-4987-8017-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1111501128">1111501128</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warp+Knitted+Fabrics+Construction&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1111501128&rft.isbn=978-1-4987-8017-9&rft.aulast=Kyosev&rft.aufirst=Yordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1111501128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Spencer 1989:11–12)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaling1972" class="citation book cs1">Paling, D. F. (1972) [1965]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/500343804"><i>Warp-knitting technology</i></a> (2nd ed.). [Place of publication not identified]: Columbine Pr. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900298-02-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-900298-02-2"><bdi>0-900298-02-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/500343804">500343804</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warp-knitting+technology.&rft.place=%5BPlace+of+publication+not+identified%5D&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Columbine+Pr&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F500343804&rft.isbn=0-900298-02-2&rft.aulast=Paling&rft.aufirst=D.+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F500343804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHøxbro2004" class="citation book cs1">Høxbro, Vivian (2004). <i>Shadow Knitting</i>. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931499-41-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931499-41-5"><bdi>978-1-931499-41-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shadow+Knitting&rft.place=Loveland%2C+CO&rft.pub=Interweave+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-931499-41-5&rft.aulast=H%C3%B8xbro&rft.aufirst=Vivian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartlett1998" class="citation book cs1">Bartlett, Roxana (1998). <i>Slip-Stitch Knitting: Color Pattern the Easy Way</i>. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883010-32-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883010-32-4"><bdi>978-1-883010-32-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slip-Stitch+Knitting%3A+Color+Pattern+the+Easy+Way&rft.place=Loveland%2C+CO&rft.pub=Interweave+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-883010-32-4&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Roxana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarmore1988" class="citation book cs1">Starmore, Alice (1988). <i>Alice Starmore's Book of Fair Isle Knitting</i>. Taunton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-918804-97-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-918804-97-6"><bdi>978-0-918804-97-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alice+Starmore%27s+Book+of+Fair+Isle+Knitting&rft.pub=Taunton&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-918804-97-6&rft.aulast=Starmore&rft.aufirst=Alice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeapman2006" class="citation book cs1">Leapman, Melissa (2006). <i>Cables Untangled: An Exploration of Cable Knitting</i>. Potter Craft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-9745-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-9745-6"><bdi>978-1-4000-9745-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cables+Untangled%3A+An+Exploration+of+Cable+Knitting&rft.pub=Potter+Craft&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-9745-6&rft.aulast=Leapman&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollingworth1983" class="citation book cs1">Hollingworth, Shelagh (1983). <i>The Complete Book of Traditional Aran Knitting</i>. St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-15635-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-15635-0"><bdi>978-0-312-15635-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+Traditional+Aran+Knitting&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-312-15635-0&rft.aulast=Hollingworth&rft.aufirst=Shelagh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSowerby2006" class="citation book cs1">Sowerby, Jane (2006). <i>Victorian Lace Today</i>. XRX Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933064-07-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933064-07-9"><bdi>978-1-933064-07-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Victorian+Lace+Today&rft.pub=XRX+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-933064-07-9&rft.aulast=Sowerby&rft.aufirst=Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwansen2005" class="citation book cs1">Swansen, Meg (2005). <i>A Gathering of Lace</i> (2nd ed.). Schoolhouse Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-893762-24-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-893762-24-4"><bdi>978-1-893762-24-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Gathering+of+Lace&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Schoolhouse+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-893762-24-4&rft.aulast=Swansen&rft.aufirst=Meg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Games2007-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Games2007_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGames2007" class="citation book cs1">Games, Alex (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balderdashpiffle0000game"><i>Balderdash & piffle : one sandwich short of a dog's dinner</i></a></span>. London: BBC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84607-235-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84607-235-2"><bdi>978-1-84607-235-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balderdash+%26+piffle+%3A+one+sandwich+short+of+a+dog%27s+dinner&rft.place=London&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84607-235-2&rft.aulast=Games&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalderdashpiffle0000game&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tissus d'Égypte: témoins du monde arabe, VIIIe. - XVe. siècles</i>. Collection Bouvier, Exposition 1993-1994, Musée d'art et d'histoire à Genève. 1994, Institut du monde arabe à Paris. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782908528527" title="Special:BookSources/9782908528527">9782908528527</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewerPorter1994" class="citation book cs1">Brewer, John; Porter, Roy, eds. (1994). <i>Consumption and the World of Goods</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 232–233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-11478-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-11478-3"><bdi>978-0-415-11478-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/93180136">93180136</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consumption+and+the+World+of+Goods&rft.place=London&rft.pages=232-233&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F93180136&rft.isbn=978-0-415-11478-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT2/E4/CP40no847/aCP40no847fronts/IMG_0744.htm">http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT2/E4/CP40no847/aCP40no847fronts/IMG_0744.htm</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201013175224/http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT2/E4/CP40no847/aCP40no847fronts/IMG_0744.htm">Archived</a> 13 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; 4th entry</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coding-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coding_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2019" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Siobhan (17 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/17/science/math-physics-knitting-matsumoto.html">"Knitting is Coding"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128135310/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/17/science/math-physics-knitting-matsumoto.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Knitting+is+Coding&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Siobhan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F05%2F17%2Fscience%2Fmath-physics-knitting-matsumoto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knittingknowledge.com/knitting-guides/knitting-stitches/">"30 Different Types of Knitting Stitches Explained (With Videos)"</a>. <i>knittingknowledge.com</i>. 22 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231026164636/https://knittingknowledge.com/knitting-guides/knitting-stitches/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=knittingknowledge.com&rft.atitle=30+Different+Types+of+Knitting+Stitches+Explained+%28With+Videos%29&rft.date=2021-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknittingknowledge.com%2Fknitting-guides%2Fknitting-stitches%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knittingknowledge.com/knitting-guides/right-side-vs-wrong-side/">"Right Side vs Wrong Side In Knitting: What's the Difference?"</a>. <i>knittingknowledge.com</i>. 12 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231026164636/https://knittingknowledge.com/knitting-guides/right-side-vs-wrong-side/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=knittingknowledge.com&rft.atitle=Right+Side+vs+Wrong+Side+In+Knitting%3A+What%27s+the+Difference%3F&rft.date=2022-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknittingknowledge.com%2Fknitting-guides%2Fright-side-vs-wrong-side%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2001" class="citation book cs1">Spencer, David J. (2001). <i>Knitting technology: a comprehensive handbook and practical guide</i> (3 ed.). Cambridge: Woodhead Publ. Lim. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85573-333-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85573-333-6"><bdi>978-1-85573-333-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knitting+technology%3A+a+comprehensive+handbook+and+practical+guide&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Woodhead+Publ.+Lim&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85573-333-6&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsasserSharp2022" class="citation book cs1">Elsasser, Virginia Hencken; Sharp, Julia Ridgway (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsburyfashioncentral.com/encyclopedia?docid=b-9781501366499"><i>Textiles: Concepts and Principles</i></a> (4 ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing Inc. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781501366499.ch-009">10.5040/9781501366499.ch-009</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5013-6649-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5013-6649-9"><bdi>978-1-5013-6649-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textiles%3A+Concepts+and+Principles&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+Inc&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5040%2F9781501366499.ch-009&rft.isbn=978-1-5013-6649-9&rft.aulast=Elsasser&rft.aufirst=Virginia+Hencken&rft.au=Sharp%2C+Julia+Ridgway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsburyfashioncentral.com%2Fencyclopedia%3Fdocid%3Db-9781501366499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinlay" class="citation web cs1">Finlay, Amy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061231110819/http://www.knittinghelp.com/knitting/basic_techniques/knit.php">"How to do the knit stitch"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knittinghelp.com/knitting/basic_techniques/knit.php">the original</a> on 31 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+do+the+knit+stitch&rft.aulast=Finlay&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knittinghelp.com%2Fknitting%2Fbasic_techniques%2Fknit.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman2023" class="citation journal cs1">Friedman, Michael (17 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11023-023-09623-3">"Leibniz and the Stocking Frame: Computation, Weaving and Knitting in the 17th Century"</a>. <i>Minds and Machines</i>. <b>34</b> (S1): 11–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11023-023-09623-3">10.1007/s11023-023-09623-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1572-8641">1572-8641</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Minds+and+Machines&rft.atitle=Leibniz+and+the+Stocking+Frame%3A+Computation%2C+Weaving+and+Knitting+in+the+17th+Century&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=S1&rft.pages=11-28&rft.date=2023-02-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11023-023-09623-3&rft.issn=1572-8641&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2Fs11023-023-09623-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarkarJohnsonCohen2023" class="citation book cs1">Sarkar, Ajoy K.; Johnson, Ingrid; Cohen, Allen C. (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsburyfashioncentral.com/encyclopedia?docid=b-9781501367816"><i>J.J. Pizzuto’s Fabric Science: 12th Edition</i></a> (12 ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing Inc. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5040%2F9781501367816.ch-006">10.5040/9781501367816.ch-006</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5013-6781-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5013-6781-6"><bdi>978-1-5013-6781-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.J.+Pizzuto%E2%80%99s+Fabric+Science%3A+12th+Edition&rft.edition=12&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+Inc&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5040%2F9781501367816.ch-006&rft.isbn=978-1-5013-6781-6&rft.aulast=Sarkar&rft.aufirst=Ajoy+K.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Ingrid&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Allen+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsburyfashioncentral.com%2Fencyclopedia%3Fdocid%3Db-9781501367816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stoller-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stoller_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStoller2012" class="citation book cs1">Stoller, Debbie (2012). <i>Stitch 'n Bitch: the Knitter's Handbook</i>. Workman Publishing Company. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761174950" title="Special:BookSources/9780761174950"><bdi>9780761174950</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stitch+%27n+Bitch%3A+the+Knitter%27s+Handbook&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Workman+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780761174950&rft.aulast=Stoller&rft.aufirst=Debbie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasson1995" class="citation book cs1">Masson, James (1995). <i>Acrylic Fiber Technology and Applications</i>. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8247-8977-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8247-8977-6"><bdi>0-8247-8977-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acrylic+Fiber+Technology+and+Applications&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Marcel+Dekker%2C+Inc&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8247-8977-6&rft.aulast=Masson&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enermazing.wordpress.com/2011/10/05/knitting-with-glass-impossible/">"Knitting With Glass – Impossible!?"</a>. 5 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170727180502/https://enermazing.wordpress.com/2011/10/05/knitting-with-glass-impossible/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Knitting+With+Glass+%E2%80%93+Impossible%21%3F&rft.date=2011-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenermazing.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F10%2F05%2Fknitting-with-glass-impossible%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KWG_1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KWG_1_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilne,_C.2011" class="citation web cs1">Milne, C. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.makezine.com/uploads/2011/09/knitting_glass_lo.pdf">"Knitting with Glass - Fiberarts Magazine Summer Issue 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Interweave Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Knitting+with+Glass+-+Fiberarts+Magazine+Summer+Issue+2011&rft.pub=Interweave+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Milne%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.makezine.com%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F09%2Fknitting_glass_lo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knooking.blogspot.com/">"I'd Rather Be Knooking"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180518054100/http://knooking.blogspot.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I%27d+Rather+Be+Knooking&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknooking.blogspot.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allfreeknitting.com/Knitting-Tutorials/Knitting-Styles">"The 5 Knitting Styles (And How to Knit Them)"</a>. <i>AllFreeKnitting.com</i>. 17 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211001162907/https://www.allfreeknitting.com/Knitting-Tutorials/Knitting-Styles">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllFreeKnitting.com&rft.atitle=The+5+Knitting+Styles+%28And+How+to+Knit+Them%29&rft.date=2018-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allfreeknitting.com%2FKnitting-Tutorials%2FKnitting-Styles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fabinbc.com/">"House of Fiber"</a>. 13 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513085429/https://fabinbc.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Fiber&rft.date=2015-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffabinbc.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hollywood-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hollywood_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNichol2012" class="citation news cs1">McNichol, Tom (24 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pdxmonthly.com/news-and-city-life/2012/07/0209-knights">"Hollywood Knights"</a>. <i>Portland Monthly</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803094304/https://www.pdxmonthly.com/news-and-city-life/2012/07/0209-knights">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Portland+Monthly&rft.atitle=Hollywood+Knights&rft.date=2012-07-24&rft.aulast=McNichol&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pdxmonthly.com%2Fnews-and-city-life%2F2012%2F07%2F0209-knights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nargi-crome-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nargi-crome_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNargi2011" class="citation book cs1">Nargi, Lela (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xPdSaU07wRoC&q=%22althea+crome%22&pg=PA9">"Anthea Crome: World's smallest knitwear"</a>. <i>Astounding Knits!: 101 Spectacular Knitted Creations and Daring Feats</i>. Voyageur Press. pp. 9–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-3845-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-3845-2"><bdi>978-0-7603-3845-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anthea+Crome%3A+World%27s+smallest+knitwear&rft.btitle=Astounding+Knits%21%3A+101+Spectacular+Knitted+Creations+and+Daring+Feats&rft.pages=9-12&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-3845-2&rft.aulast=Nargi&rft.aufirst=Lela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxPdSaU07wRoC%26q%3D%2522althea%2Bcrome%2522%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-partlow-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-partlow_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPartlow" class="citation news cs1">Partlow, Mia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianapublicmedia.org/arts/tiny-knits.php">"Seventy Stitches To The Inch: Althea Crome's Tiny Knits"</a>. <i>Arts & Culture - Indiana Public Media</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803020656/https://indianapublicmedia.org/arts/tiny-knits.php">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arts+%26+Culture+-+Indiana+Public+Media&rft.atitle=Seventy+Stitches+To+The+Inch%3A+Althea+Crome%27s+Tiny+Knits&rft.aulast=Partlow&rft.aufirst=Mia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianapublicmedia.org%2Farts%2Ftiny-knits.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nargi-dekort-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nargi-dekort_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNargi2011" class="citation book cs1">Nargi, Lela (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xPdSaU07wRoC&q=%22althea+crome%22&pg=PA13">"Annelies de Kort"</a>. <i>Astounding Knits!: 101 Spectacular Knitted Creations and Daring Feats</i>. Voyageur Press. pp. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-3845-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-3845-2"><bdi>978-0-7603-3845-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Annelies+de+Kort&rft.btitle=Astounding+Knits%21%3A+101+Spectacular+Knitted+Creations+and+Daring+Feats&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-3845-2&rft.aulast=Nargi&rft.aufirst=Lela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxPdSaU07wRoC%26q%3D%2522althea%2Bcrome%2522%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dekort-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dekort_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206140831/http://www.anneliesdekort.nl/index-engels.html">"Site Annelies de Kort"</a>. <i>www.anneliesdekort.nl</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anneliesdekort.nl/index-engels.html">the original</a> on 6 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.anneliesdekort.nl&rft.atitle=Site+Annelies+de+Kort&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anneliesdekort.nl%2Findex-engels.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalick2015" class="citation book cs1">Falick, Melanie, ed. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/915446568"><i>The Mood guide to fabric and fashion: the essential guide from the world's most famous fabric store</i></a>. New York: STC Craft / A Melanie Falick Book. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61769-088-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61769-088-4"><bdi>978-1-61769-088-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/915446568">915446568</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mood+guide+to+fabric+and+fashion%3A+the+essential+guide+from+the+world%27s+most+famous+fabric+store&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=STC+Craft+%2F+A+Melanie+Falick+Book&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F915446568&rft.isbn=978-1-61769-088-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F915446568&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUdale2014" class="citation book cs1">Udale, Jenny (2014). <i>Fashion knitwear</i>. London: Laurence King Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78067-343-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78067-343-1"><bdi>978-1-78067-343-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fashion+knitwear&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Laurence+King+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78067-343-1&rft.aulast=Udale&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yarnbombing-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yarnbombing_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous2009" class="citation news cs1">Anonymous (21 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/4305406/Knitters-turn-to-graffiti-artists-with-yarnbombing.html">"Knitters turn to graffiti artists with 'yarnbombing'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180615080713/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/4305406/Knitters-turn-to-graffiti-artists-with-yarnbombing.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Knitters+turn+to+graffiti+artists+with+%27yarnbombing%27&rft.date=2009-01-21&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F4305406%2FKnitters-turn-to-graffiti-artists-with-yarnbombing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCosta2010" class="citation news cs1">Costa, Maddy (10 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/oct/10/graffiti-knitting">"The graffiti knitting epidemic"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622072046/http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2010/oct/10/graffiti-knitting">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+graffiti+knitting+epidemic&rft.date=2010-10-10&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=Maddy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2010%2Foct%2F10%2Fgraffiti-knitting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2009" class="citation news cs1">Russell, Mark (29 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/national/artists-in-pink-fit-as-big-knit-vandal-unravels-artwork-20091128-jy53.html">"Artists in pink fit as Big Knit vandal unravels artwork"</a>. <i>The Age</i>. Melbourne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122221523/http://www.theage.com.au/national/artists-in-pink-fit-as-big-knit-vandal-unravels-artwork-20091128-jy53.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Artists+in+pink+fit+as+Big+Knit+vandal+unravels+artwork&rft.date=2009-11-29&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Fartists-in-pink-fit-as-big-knit-vandal-unravels-artwork-20091128-jy53.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreen2012" class="citation news cs1">Breen, Fiona (4 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-11-04/a-tight-knite-film/4351930">"A new movie, shot by a Tasmanian filmmaker on a set made almost entirely out of yarn, was partially inspired by "knitted graffiti"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>ABC</i>. Tasmania. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122221524/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-11-04/a-tight-knite-film/4351930">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+Hospitality+Management&rft.atitle=Knit+and+natter+%E2%80%94+the+hospitableness+of+knitting&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-4&rft.date=2023-06-26&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F22243534.2023.2239571&rft.issn=2224-3534&rft.aulast=Harkison&rft.aufirst=Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F22243534.2023.2239571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKargól2022" class="citation journal cs1">Kargól, Marta (3 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09502386.2021.2011933">"Knitting as a remedy: women's everyday creativity in response to hopelessness and despair"</a>. <i>Cultural Studies</i>. <b>36</b> (5): 821–839. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09502386.2021.2011933">10.1080/09502386.2021.2011933</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0950-2386">0950-2386</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Knitting+as+a+remedy%3A+women%E2%80%99s+everyday+creativity+in+response+to+hopelessness+and+despair&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=821-839&rft.date=2022-09-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09502386.2021.2011933&rft.issn=0950-2386&rft.aulast=Karg%C3%B3l&rft.aufirst=Marta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F09502386.2021.2011933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stitchlinks.com/clinicians.html">"Stitchlinks.com"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826161444/http://www.stitchlinks.com/clinicians.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stitchlinks.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stitchlinks.com%2Fclinicians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bytomdaley.com/">"Made With Love By Tom Daley"</a>. <i>Made With Love By Tom Daley</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923095649/https://bytomdaley.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Made+With+Love+By+Tom+Daley&rft.atitle=Made+With+Love+By+Tom+Daley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbytomdaley.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hiatt, June Hemmons. (2012). <i>The principles of knitting: Methods and techniques of hand knitting</i>. Simon & Schuster, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781416535171" title="Special:BookSources/9781416535171">9781416535171</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLagassé2000" class="citation book cs1">Lagassé, Paul, ed. (2000). "Knitting". <i>The Columbia encyclopedia</i> (6th ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-5015-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7876-5015-5"><bdi>978-0-7876-5015-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Knitting&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7876-5015-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutt1989" class="citation book cs1">Rutt, Richard (1989). <i>A History of Hand Knitting</i>. Loveland, CO: Interweave Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-934026-35-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-934026-35-2"><bdi>978-0-934026-35-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Hand+Knitting&rft.place=Loveland%2C+CO&rft.pub=Interweave+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-934026-35-2&rft.aulast=Rutt&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer1989" class="citation book cs1">Spencer, David J. (1989). <i>Knitting Technology: a Comprehensive Handbook and Practical Guide</i>. Lancaster: Woodhead Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85573-333-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85573-333-1"><bdi>1-85573-333-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knitting+Technology%3A+a+Comprehensive+Handbook+and+Practical+Guide&rft.place=Lancaster&rft.pub=Woodhead+Publishing&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=1-85573-333-1&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1972" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Mary (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vzA1zk5NNi8C"><i>Mary Thomas's Knitting Book</i></a>. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-22817-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-22817-4"><bdi>978-0-486-22817-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Thomas%27s+Knitting+Book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-486-22817-4&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvzA1zk5NNi8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmermann1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Zimmermann" title="Elizabeth Zimmermann">Zimmermann, Elizabeth</a> (1971). <i>Knitting Without Tears</i> (1995 Fireside paperback ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Simon & Schuster, Inc.">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-13505-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-13505-1"><bdi>0-684-13505-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/475746806">475746806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knitting+Without+Tears&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1995+Fireside+paperback&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F475746806&rft.isbn=0-684-13505-1&rft.aulast=Zimmermann&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGschwandtnerShirobayashi2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_Gschwandtner" title="Sabrina Gschwandtner">Gschwandtner, Sabrina</a>; Shirobayashi, Kiriko (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MXuAzQEACAAJ"><i>Knitknit: profiles & projects from knitting's new wave</i></a>. New York London: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58479-631-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58479-631-2"><bdi>978-1-58479-631-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knitknit%3A+profiles+%26+projects+from+knitting%27s+new+wave&rft.place=New+York+London&rft.pub=Stewart%2C+Tabori+%26+Chang&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-58479-631-2&rft.aulast=Gschwandtner&rft.aufirst=Sabrina&rft.au=Shirobayashi%2C+Kiriko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMXuAzQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatel2008" class="citation book cs1">Patel, Aneeta (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R06uXLU_03IC"><i>Knitty Gritty: Knitting for the Absolute Beginner</i></a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7136-8542-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7136-8542-8"><bdi>978-0-7136-8542-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knitty+Gritty%3A+Knitting+for+the+Absolute+Beginner&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7136-8542-8&rft.aulast=Patel&rft.aufirst=Aneeta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR06uXLU_03IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmermann1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Zimmermann" title="Elizabeth Zimmermann">Zimmermann, Elizabeth</a> (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elizabethzimmerm0000zimm"><i>Knitter's Almanac</i></a></span> (1981 Dover paperback ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-24178-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-24178-5"><bdi>0-486-24178-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/851977417">851977417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knitter%27s+Almanac&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1981+Dover+paperback&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F851977417&rft.isbn=0-486-24178-5&rft.aulast=Zimmermann&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felizabethzimmerm0000zimm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Isaacson, Steve. (2013). <i>Carol Milne Knitted Glass - How Does She Do that?</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781482748048" title="Special:BookSources/9781482748048">9781482748048</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knitting&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Knitting" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Knitting">Knitting</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/knitting" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/knitting">knitting</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1905 <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> article "<b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Knitting" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Knitting">Knitting</a></b>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.craftyarncouncil.com/standards/yarn-weight-system">craftyarncouncil.com</a>, Relationship between yarn weight and knitting gauge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois">University of Illinois</a> Library guide to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ischoolillinois.libguides.com/c.php?g=1093640&p=8006599">research in historic knitting</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/page/k/knitting/">"Knitting"</a>. <i>Fashion, Jewellery & Accessories</i>. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fashion%2C+Jewellery+%26+Accessories&rft.atitle=Knitting&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vam.ac.uk%2Fpage%2Fk%2Fknitting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKnitting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cafeknit.com/toolbox.php">US and UK Conversion Chart</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528141442/http://www.cafeknit.com/toolbox.php">Archived</a> 28 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Shows US and UK conversion charts, relationship to needle size and typical usage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravelry" title="Ravelry">Ravelry</a> - a yarn-working social network (from their About page: "Ravelry is an inclusive, friendly website for knitters, crocheters, spinners, weavers, and dyers". "Ravelry provides a personal notebook for fiber artists to keep track of their projects, yarns & fibers, tools, and pattern library, a rich database of patterns and yarns, and a community with thousands of forums and groups to connect with other Ravelers over any interest you could think of." )</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Knitting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Knitting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knitting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools and materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Knitting_needle" title="Knitting needle">Knitting needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting_needle_cap" title="Knitting needle cap">Knitting needle cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_gauge" title="Hook gauge">Needle gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yarns_for_crochet_and_knitting" title="List of yarns for crochet and knitting">List of yarns for crochet and knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Row_counter_(hand_knitting)" title="Row counter (hand knitting)">Row counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitch_holder" title="Stitch holder">Stitch holder</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="11" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detailed_close_up_of_multi-coloured_knitting_stitches.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Detailed_close_up_of_multi-coloured_knitting_stitches.jpg/100px-Detailed_close_up_of_multi-coloured_knitting_stitches.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Detailed_close_up_of_multi-coloured_knitting_stitches.jpg/150px-Detailed_close_up_of_multi-coloured_knitting_stitches.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Detailed_close_up_of_multi-coloured_knitting_stitches.jpg/200px-Detailed_close_up_of_multi-coloured_knitting_stitches.jpg 2x" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="483" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a> styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boucl%C3%A9" title="Bouclé">Bouclé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyelash_yarn" title="Eyelash yarn">Eyelash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopi_(knitting)" title="Lopi (knitting)">Lopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novelty_yarns" title="Novelty yarns">Novelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variegated_yarn" title="Variegated yarn">Variegated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yarn brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coats_Group" title="Coats Group">Coats Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Noro_Company" title="Eisaku Noro Company">Eisaku Noro Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraemer_Textiles_Inc." title="Kraemer Textiles Inc.">Kraemer Yarns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Brand_Yarns" title="Lion Brand Yarns">Lion Brand Yarns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patons_and_Baldwins" title="Patons and Baldwins">Patons and Baldwins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circular_knitting" title="Circular knitting">Circular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_knitting" title="Combined knitting">Combined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_knitting" title="Continental knitting">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_knitting" title="English knitting">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_knitting" title="Flat knitting">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_knitting" title="Norwegian knitting">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_knitting" title="Warp knitting">Warp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stitches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics#Stockinette/stocking_stitch_and_reverse_stockinette_stitch" title="Basic knitted fabrics">Stockinette/Stocking stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics#Garter_stitch" title="Basic knitted fabrics">Garter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decrease_(knitting)" title="Decrease (knitting)">Decrease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dip_stitch" title="Dip stitch">Dip stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elongated_stitch" title="Elongated stitch">Elongated stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Increase_(knitting)" title="Increase (knitting)">Increase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loop_knitting" title="Loop knitting">Loop knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaited_stitch_(knitting)" title="Plaited stitch (knitting)">Plaited stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn_over" title="Yarn over">Yarn over</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm_knitting" title="Arm knitting">Arm knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketweave_(knitting)" title="Basketweave (knitting)">Basketweave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bead_knitting" title="Bead knitting">Bead knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_knitting" title="Bias knitting">Bias knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_off" title="Binding off">Binding/Casting off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobble_(knitting)" title="Bobble (knitting)">Bobble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioche_knitting" title="Brioche knitting">Brioche knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttonhole_(knitting)" title="Buttonhole (knitting)">Buttonhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_knitting" title="Cable knitting">Cables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casting_on_(knitting)" title="Casting on (knitting)">Casting on</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_knitting" title="Double knitting">Double knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop-stitch_knitting" title="Drop-stitch knitting">Drop-stitch knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrelac" title="Entrelac">Entrelac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faggoting_(knitting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faggoting (knitting)">Faggoting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_knitting" title="Finger knitting">Finger knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gather_(knitting)" title="Gather (knitting)">Gather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(knitting)" title="Gauge (knitting)">Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafting_(knitting)" title="Grafting (knitting)">Grafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_knitting" title="Hand knitting">Hand knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hem_(knitting)" title="Hem (knitting)">Hemming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illusion_knitting" title="Illusion knitting">Illusion knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lace_knitting" title="Lace knitting">Lace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medallion_knitting" title="Medallion knitting">Medallion knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pick_up_stitches_(knitting)" title="Pick up stitches (knitting)">Picking up stitches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleat_(knitting)" title="Pleat (knitting)">Pleat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribbing_(knitting)" title="Ribbing (knitting)">Ribbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_row_(knitting)" title="Short row (knitting)">Short row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip-stitch_knitting" title="Slip-stitch knitting">Slip-stitch knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spool_knitting" title="Spool knitting">Spool knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steek" title="Steek">Steek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_needle_bindoff" title="Three needle bindoff">Three needle bindoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrumming_(textiles)" title="Thrumming (textiles)">Thrumming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuck_(knitting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuck (knitting)">Tuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twined_knitting" title="Twined knitting">Twined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving_(knitting)" title="Weaving (knitting)">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welting_(knitting)" title="Welting (knitting)">Welting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patterns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aran_jumper" title="Aran jumper">Aran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)" title="Argyle (pattern)">Argyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Isle_(technique)" title="Fair Isle (technique)">Fair Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarsia_(knitting)" title="Intarsia (knitting)">Intarsia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machine knitting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complete_garment_knitting" title="Complete garment knitting">Complete garment knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fully_fashioned_knitting" title="Fully fashioned knitting">Fully fashioned knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting_machine" title="Knitting machine">Knitting machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting_Nancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Knitting Nancy">Knitting Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stocking_frame" title="Stocking frame">Stocking frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(inventor)" title="William Lee (inventor)">William Lee (inventor)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Knitters and<br />designers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Barsky" title="Sam Barsky">Sam Barsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Epstein" title="Nicky Epstein">Nicky Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaffe_Fassett" title="Kaffe Fassett">Kaffe Fassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Kinzel" title="Marianne Kinzel">Marianne Kinzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Lambert_(needleworker)" title="Frances Lambert (needleworker)">Frances Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Niebling" title="Herbert Niebling">Herbert Niebling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Okey" title="Shannon Okey">Shannon Okey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Pearl-McPhee" title="Stephanie Pearl-McPhee">Stephanie Pearl-McPhee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Starmore" title="Alice Starmore">Alice Starmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stoller" title="Debbie Stoller">Debbie Stoller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meg_Swansen" title="Meg Swansen">Meg Swansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_G._Walker" title="Barbara G. Walker">Barbara G. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Zimmermann" title="Elizabeth Zimmermann">Elizabeth Zimmermann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Knit_London" title="I Knit London">I Knit London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitta_Please" title="Knitta Please">Knitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="Knitting clubs">Knitting clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitty" title="Knitty">Knitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravelry" title="Ravelry">Ravelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Knitting_Circle" title="Revolutionary Knitting Circle">Revolutionary Knitting Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitch_%27n_Bitch" title="Stitch 'n Bitch">Stitch 'n Bitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Hand_Knitting_Association" title="UK Hand Knitting Association">UK Hand Knitting Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Knit_in_Public_Day" title="World Wide Knit in Public Day">World Wide Knit in Public Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Knitting_Guild_Association" title="The Knitting Guild Association">The Knitting Guild Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_knitted_fabrics" title="Basic knitted fabrics">Basic knitted fabrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_(textile_arts)" title="Blocking (textile arts)">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dye_lot" title="Dye lot">Dye lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_knitting" title="History of knitting">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitted_fabric" title="Knitted fabric">Knitted fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting_abbreviations" title="Knitting abbreviations">Knitting abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_knitting_stitches" title="List of knitting stitches">List of knitting stitches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selvage_(knitting)" title="Selvage (knitting)">Selvage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn_bombing" title="Yarn bombing">Yarn bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Textile_arts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Textile_arts" title="Template:Textile arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Textile_arts" title="Template talk:Textile arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Textile_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Textile arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Textile_arts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Textile_arts" title="Textile arts">Textile arts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fundamentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochet" title="Crochet">Crochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">Dyeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">Embroidery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macram%C3%A9" title="Macramé">Macramé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlework" title="Needlework">Needlework</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">Felting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">Fiber</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knitting</a></li> <li>Layering <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appliqu%C3%A9" title="Appliqué">Appliqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchwork" title="Patchwork">Patchwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilting" title="Quilting">Quilting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A5lebinding" title="Nålebinding">Nålebinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plying" title="Plying">Plying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rug_making" title="Rug making">Rug making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passementerie" title="Passementerie">Passementerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitch_(textile_arts)" title="Stitch (textile arts)">Stitch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">Textile printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpackaull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpackaull.jpg/110px-Alpackaull.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpackaull.jpg/165px-Alpackaull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Alpackaull.jpg/220px-Alpackaull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of ...</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing and textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_quilting" title="History of quilting">Quilting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_silk" title="History of silk">Silk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_silk" title="Byzantine silk">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_British_Industrial_Revolution" title="Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution">Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing_by_pre-industrial_methods" title="Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods">Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline of clothing and textiles technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional and ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_textiles" title="African textiles">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_textiles" title="Kongo textiles">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuba_textiles" title="Kuba textiles">Kuba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_fibrecraft" title="Australian Aboriginal fibrecraft">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li>Burmese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheik" title="Acheik">Acheik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_textile_art" title="Hmong textile art">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_arts_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Textile arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_textiles" title="Andean textiles">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_textiles" title="Mapuche textiles">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_textiles" title="Maya textiles">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Mexico" title="Textiles of Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_weaving" title="Navajo weaving">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Oaxaca" title="Textiles of Oaxaca">Oaxacan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_textiles" title="Balinese textiles">Balinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Sumba" title="Textiles of Sumba">Sumba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_fabric_arts" title="Korean fabric arts">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_traditional_textiles" title="Māori traditional textiles">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_(textile_arts)" title="Blocking (textile arts)">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_textiles" title="Conservation and restoration of textiles">Conservation and restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_art" title="Fiber art">Fiber art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wearable_art#Wearable_fiber_art" title="Wearable art">wearable fiber art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_and_fiber_arts" title="Mathematics and fiber arts">Mathematics and fiber arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Units_of_textile_measurement" title="Units of textile measurement">Units of measurement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Glossaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_dyeing_terms" title="Glossary of dyeing terms">Dyeing terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sewing_terms" title="Glossary of sewing terms">Sewing terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_textile_manufacturing" title="Glossary of textile manufacturing">Textile manufacturing terms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F458.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/16px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/24px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emojione_1F458.svg/32px-Emojione_1F458.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Clothing" title="Portal:Clothing">Clothing portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Decorative_arts_and_handicraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decorative_arts" title="Template:Decorative arts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decorative_arts" title="Template talk:Decorative arts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decorative_arts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decorative arts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Decorative_arts_and_handicraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Decorative_arts" title="Decorative arts">Decorative arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Handicraft" title="Handicraft">handicraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_decorative_arts" title="History of decorative arts">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Textile_arts" title="Textile arts">Textile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banner-making" title="Banner-making">Banner-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Canvas work">Canvas work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crochet" title="Crochet">Crocheting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-stitch" title="Cross-stitch">Cross-stitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">Embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">Felting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendship_bracelet" title="Friendship bracelet">Friendship bracelet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucet" title="Lucet">Lucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macram%C3%A9" title="Macramé">Macrame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">Millinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlepoint" title="Needlepoint">Needlepoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlework" title="Needlework">Needlework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchwork" title="Patchwork">Patchwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilting" title="Quilting">Quilting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embroidery" title="Embroidery">Ribbon embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">Carpet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rug_hooking" title="Rug hooking">Rug hooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rug_making" title="Rug making">Rug making</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning (textiles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_art" title="String art">String art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry" title="Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatting" title="Tatting">Tatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tie-dye" title="Tie-dye">Tie-dye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altered_book" title="Altered book">Altered book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardmaking" title="Cardmaking">Cardmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_paper" title="Cast paper">Cast paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage" title="Collage">Collage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decoupage" title="Decoupage">Decoupage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papier_coll%C3%A9" title="Papier collé">Papier collé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photomontage" title="Photomontage">Photomontage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decal" title="Decal">Decal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_folding" title="Iris folding">Iris folding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jianzhi">Jianzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamikiri_(papercutting)" title="Kamikiri (papercutting)">Kamikiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">Origami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirigami" title="Kirigami">Kirigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moneygami" title="Moneygami">Moneygami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_embossing" title="Paper embossing">Embossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_marbling" title="Paper marbling">Marbling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_model" title="Paper model">Papercraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papercutting" title="Papercutting">Papercutting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_paper_cutting" title="Chinese paper cutting">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_paper_cutting" title="Jewish paper cutting">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wycinanki" class="mw-redirect" title="Wycinanki">Slavic</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_toys" title="Paper toys">Paper toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">Papier-mâché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_book" title="Pop-up book">Pop-up book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilling" title="Quilling">Quilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrapbooking" title="Scrapbooking">Scrapbooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_stamp" title="Rubber stamp">Stamping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">Wood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentwood" title="Bentwood">Bentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">Cabinetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpentry" title="Carpentry">Carpentry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_carving" title="Chip carving">Chip carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89b%C3%A9niste" title="Ébéniste">Ébéniste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fretwork" title="Fretwork">Fretwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intarsia" title="Intarsia">Intarsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetry" title="Marquetry">Marquetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrography" title="Pyrography">Wood burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_carving" title="Wood carving">Wood carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodturning" title="Woodturning">Woodturning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">Ceramic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azulejo" title="Azulejo">Azulejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_china" title="Bone china">Bone china</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">Earthenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcelain" title="Porcelain">Porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneware" title="Stoneware">Stoneware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terracotta" title="Terracotta">Terracotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">Tile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glass_art" title="Glass art">Glass</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameo_glass" title="Cameo glass">Cameo glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_work" title="Chip work">Chip work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enamelled_glass" title="Enamelled glass">Enamelled glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_etching" title="Glass etching">Glass etching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glassware" title="List of glassware">Glassware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror" title="Mirror">Mirror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">Stained glass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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