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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Sejarah</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sejarah</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prasejarah_dan_zaman_kuno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prasejarah_dan_zaman_kuno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prasejarah dan zaman kuno</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prasejarah_dan_zaman_kuno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Pertama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Pertama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Pertama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kekuasaan_Bizantium_dan_Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Kedua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekuasaan_Bizantium_dan_Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Kedua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Kekuasaan Bizantium dan Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekuasaan_Bizantium_dan_Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Kedua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Runtuhnya_Kekaisaran_Kedua_dan_kekuasaan_Utsmaniyah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Runtuhnya_Kekaisaran_Kedua_dan_kekuasaan_Utsmaniyah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Runtuhnya Kekaisaran Kedua dan kekuasaan Utsmaniyah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Runtuhnya_Kekaisaran_Kedua_dan_kekuasaan_Utsmaniyah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negara_Bulgaria_Ketiga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negara_Bulgaria_Ketiga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Negara Bulgaria Ketiga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negara_Bulgaria_Ketiga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Geografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relief_dan_sumber_daya_alam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relief_dan_sumber_daya_alam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Relief dan sumber daya alam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relief_dan_sumber_daya_alam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidrografi_dan_iklim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidrografi_dan_iklim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Hidrografi dan iklim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidrografi_dan_iklim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lingkungan_dan_kehidupan_liar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lingkungan_dan_kehidupan_liar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lingkungan dan kehidupan liar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lingkungan_dan_kehidupan_liar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Politik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Politik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hukum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hukum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Hukum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hukum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hubungan_luar_negeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hubungan_luar_negeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hubungan luar negeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hubungan_luar_negeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Militer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Militer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Militer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Militer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembagian_administratif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembagian_administratif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Pembagian administratif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembagian_administratif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Ekonomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pariwisata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pariwisata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pariwisata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pariwisata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastruktur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastruktur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Infrastruktur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastruktur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ilmu_pengetahuan_dan_teknologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ilmu_pengetahuan_dan_teknologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ilmu_pengetahuan_dan_teknologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demografi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Demografi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pendidikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kesehatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesehatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Kesehatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesehatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanisasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanisasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Urbanisasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanisasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Agama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Budaya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Budaya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Situs_warisan_dunia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situs_warisan_dunia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Situs warisan dunia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Situs_warisan_dunia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kesenian,_musik,_dan_kesusasteraan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesenian,_musik,_dan_kesusasteraan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Kesenian, musik, dan kesusasteraan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesenian,_musik,_dan_kesusasteraan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Makanan_dan_minuman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makanan_dan_minuman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Makanan dan minuman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makanan_dan_minuman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olahraga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olahraga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Olahraga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olahraga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lebih_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bacaan lebih lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lebih_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bulgaria</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 289 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-289" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">289 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Болгариа – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Болгариа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Булгарие – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Булгарие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarye" title="Bulgarye – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bulgarye" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A1%E1%88%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%AB" title="ቡልጋሪያ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቡልጋሪያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulgaraland" title="Pulgaraland – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Pulgaraland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buligaria" title="Buligaria – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Buligaria" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बल्गारिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلغاريا – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بلغاريا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%93%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܒܘܠܓܐܪܝܐ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܘܠܓܐܪܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلغاريا – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بلغاريا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلجاريا – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بلجاريا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Булгъар – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Булгъар" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgaria" title="Balgaria – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Balgaria" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkariya" title="Bulkariya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Bulkariya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolqar%C4%B1stan" title="Bolqarıstan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bolqarıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بولغاریستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بولغاریستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buigarien" title="Buigarien – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Buigarien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Bulgarėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bulgarėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bulgarya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Балгарыя – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Балгарыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Баўгарыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Баўгарыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bulgari" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="България – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="България" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%B0%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဗူဂေးရီးယားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဗူဂေးရီးယားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="বুলগেরিয়া – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বুলগেরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="པུ་ར་ག་རི་ཡ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པུ་ར་ག་རི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="বুলগেরিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বুলগেরিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0ria" title="Bulgària – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bulgària" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%8A%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%A8%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%A0" title="ᏊᎵᎨᎵᎠ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏊᎵᎨᎵᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بولگاریا – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بولگاریا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C4%9Faristan" title="Bulğaristan – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Bulğaristan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharsko" title="Bulharsko – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bulharsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9%C5%82gari%C3%B4" title="Bùłgariô – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Bùłgariô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Блъгарїꙗ – Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Блъгарїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwlgaria" title="Bwlgaria – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bwlgaria" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C4%9Far%C4%B1stan" title="Bulğarıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Bulğarıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulga%C5%95ska" title="Bulgaŕska – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bulgaŕska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%8E%DE%AD%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7" title="ބަލްގޭރިއާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބަލްގޭރިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βουλγαρία – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βουλγαρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%AE" title="Bulgarî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Bulgarî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgario" title="Bulgario – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bulgario" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaaria" title="Bulgaaria – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bulgaaria" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بلغارستان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلغارستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaaria" title="Bulgaaria – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Bulgaaria" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaarien" title="Bulgaarien – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bulgaarien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Bhulg%C3%A1ir" title="An Bhulgáir – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Bhulgáir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="保加利亞 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="保加利亞" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgari" title="Bilgari – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Bilgari" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A0iria" title="Bulgàiria – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bulgàiria" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vug%C3%A1ria" title="Vugária – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vugária" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बल्गेरिया – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="बल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌱𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="બલ્ગેરિયા – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બલ્ગેરિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vulgeyr" title="Yn Vulgeyr – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vulgeyr" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgeriya" title="Bulgeriya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bulgeriya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulukalia" title="Pulukalia – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pulukalia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="בולגריה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בולגריה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C5%82harska" title="Bołharska – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bołharska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgari" title="Bilgari – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bilgari" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Բուլղարիա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուլղարիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Պուլկարիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պուլկարիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAlgar%C3%ADa" title="Búlgaría – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Búlgaría" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2" title="ブルガリア – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブルガリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgieria" title="Bulgieria – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bulgieria" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/bylgAri,as" title="bylgAri,as – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="bylgAri,as" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bulgari" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ბულგარეთი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბულგარეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgariya" title="Bolgariya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Bolgariya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Bulgarya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Балгариэ – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Балгариэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puligari" title="Puligari – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Puligari" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buli%CC%B1gariya" title="Buli̱gariya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Buli̱gariya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgaria" title="Balgaria – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Balgaria" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocyugo" title="Bocyugo – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Bocyugo" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8" title="ប៊ុលហ្ការី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ប៊ុលហ្ការី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಬಲ್ಗೇರಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಲ್ಗೇರಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%88%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="불가리아 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="불가리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A7%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бӧлгария – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Бӧлгария" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bulgaristan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgari" title="Bulgari – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bulgari" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgaria" title="Balgaria – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Balgaria" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%AEa" title="Bulgarîa – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bulgarîa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClgaria" title="Bülgaria – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bülgaria" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດບູນກາລີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດບູນກາລີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarija" title="Bulgarija – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bulgarija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgareja" title="Bulgareja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Bulgareja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C4%81rija" title="Bulgārija – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bulgārija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgaria" title="Bolgaria – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bolgaria" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Болгарий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Болгарий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puruk%C4%81ria" title="Purukāria – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Purukāria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Бугарија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бугарија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="ബൾഗേറിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബൾഗേറിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Болгар – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Болгар" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯕꯜꯒꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯜꯒꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बल्गेरिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarija" title="Bulgarija – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bulgarija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Болгария Мастор – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Болгария Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="بلغارستون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بلغارستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गेरिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बुल्गेरिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bulgarije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dits%CA%BCoz%C3%AD_Da%CA%BCalzhishii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Ditsʼozí Daʼalzhishii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Ditsʼozí Daʼalzhishii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolguarii" title="Bolguarii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Bolguarii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgeeriyaa" title="Bulgeeriyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bulgeeriyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Болгари – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Болгари" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – Pangasina" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgeriya" title="Bulgeriya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Bulgeriya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%82garia" title="Bułgaria – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bułgaria" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%ACa" title="Bulgarìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bulgarìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بلغاریا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بلغاریا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βουλγαρία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Βουλγαρία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بلغاریا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بلغاریا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulqarya" title="Pulqarya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pulqarya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgariya" title="Bulgariya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bulgariya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vurgaria" title="Vurgaria – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Vurgaria" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Болгарія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Болгарія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulugariya" title="Bulugariya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Bulugariya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="बुल्गारिया – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बुल्गारिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%ACa" title="Bulgarìa – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bulgarìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bulgarie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بلگاريا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بلگاريا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulugar%C3%AFi" title="Bulugarïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Bulugarïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugarska" title="Bugarska – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bugarska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bul%C9%A3arya" title="Bulɣarya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bulɣarya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းပူႇၵႃႇရီႇယႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပူႇၵႃႇရီႇယႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="බල්ගේරියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බල්ගේරියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharsko" title="Bulharsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bulharsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="بلغاریہ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بلغاریہ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgarija" title="Bolgarija – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bolgarija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bultalia" title="Bultalia – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Bultalia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhurugariya" title="Bhurugariya – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhurugariya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaariya" title="Bulgaariya – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bulgaariya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullgaria" title="Bullgaria – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bullgaria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Бугарска – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бугарска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarikondre" title="Bulgarikondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Bulgarikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBhulgariya" title="IBhulgariya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IBhulgariya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bulgarien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%82garyjo" title="Bułgaryjo – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bułgaryjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="பல்காரியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பல்காரியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="బల్గేరియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బల్గేరియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulg%C3%A1ria" title="Bulgária – Tetun" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Bulgária" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BB%D2%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Булғористон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Булғористон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศบัลแกเรีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศบัลแกเรีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgari%C3%BDa" title="Bolgariýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Bolgariýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bulgarya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgaristan" title="Bolgaristan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Bolgaristan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulukalia" title="Pulukalia – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pulukalia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balgeria" title="Balgeria – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Balgeria" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaristan" title="Bulgaristan – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bulgaristan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Болгария – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Болгария" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%87%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="بۇلغارىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بۇلغارىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Болгарія – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Болгарія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="بلغاریہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلغاریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgariya" title="Bolgariya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bolgariya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%ACa" title="Bulgarìa – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bulgarìa" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolgarii" title="Bolgarii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bolgarii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgareye" title="Bulgareye – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Bulgareye" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar%C3%A4n" title="Bulgarän – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Bulgarän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgareye" title="Bulgareye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bulgareye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaari" title="Bulgaari – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Bulgaari" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="保加利亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBulgariya" title="IBulgariya – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IBulgariya" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ბულგარეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბულგარეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2" title="בולגאריע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בולגאריע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B9lg%C3%A1r%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Bùlgáríà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bùlgáríà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulharije" title="Bulharije – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Bulharije" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%96%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵔⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="保加利亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="保加利亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="保加利亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bulgaria" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="保加利亞 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="保加利亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBulgariya" title="IBulgariya – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IBulgariya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Bulgaria" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Bulgaria" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Bulgaria" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&oldid=26436577" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Bulgaria&id=26436577&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBulgaria"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBulgaria"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bulgaria"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bulgaria&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q219" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bulgaria" title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria">Kekaisaran Bulgaria</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24155656">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow 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.ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org country-name">Republik Bulgaria</div><br /><div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;">Република България <br /> <i>Republika Bǎlgarija</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bulgaria" title="Bahasa Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;padding:0.5em 0;"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera Bulgaria"><img alt="Bendera Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/125px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/188px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/250px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Bendera_Bulgaria" title="Bendera Bulgaria">Bendera</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang Bulgaria"><img alt="{{{coat_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/93px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="93" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg/186px-Coat_of_arms_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="679" /></a></span></div> <div style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Lambang_Bulgaria" title="Lambang Bulgaria"> Lambang</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Semboyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Semboyan">Semboyan</a>: </b>Съединението прави силата <br /><i>Sǎjedinenijeto pravi silata</i><br />("Persatuan membuahkan kekuatan")</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Lagu_kebangsaan" title="Lagu kebangsaan">Lagu kebangsaan</a>: </b><br /> Мила Родино <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Mila_Rodino" title="Mila Rodino">Mila Rodino</a></i> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">("Ibu Pertiwi Tercinta")</span> <br /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="74" data-mwtitle="Bulgarian_national_anthem_(abridged),_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.mp3" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/Bulgarian_national_anthem_%28abridged%29%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.mp3/Bulgarian_national_anthem_%28abridged%29%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.mp3.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Bulgarian_national_anthem_%28abridged%29%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ABulgarian_national_anthem_%28abridged%29%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.mp3&lang=bg&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bg" label="български ‪(bg)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ABulgarian_national_anthem_%28abridged%29%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.mp3&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ABulgarian_national_anthem_%28abridged%29%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.mp3&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ABulgarian_national_anthem_%28abridged%29%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.mp3&lang=mk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="mk" label="македонски ‪(mk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ABulgarian_national_anthem_%28abridged%29%2C_performed_by_the_United_States_Navy_Band.mp3&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bulgaria_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bulgaria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Bulgaria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bulgaria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Bulgaria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bulgaria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Bulgaria_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Perlihatkan Bumi</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:EU-Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/250px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/375px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/EU-Bulgaria.svg/500px-EU-Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Perlihatkan peta Eropa</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag-map_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag-map_of_Bulgaria.svg/220px-Flag-map_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag-map_of_Bulgaria.svg/330px-Flag-map_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Flag-map_of_Bulgaria.svg/440px-Flag-map_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="973" data-file-height="601" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Perlihatkan peta Bendera</span></div></div><div style="font-size:90%;position:relative;top:0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:11px;line-height:1.15em;"><span style="font-size:11px;">Lokasi <span style="font-size:2px;"> </span>Bulgaria<span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(hijau gelap)</span><p style="font-size:11px;text-align:left;margin-left:1.2ex;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">– di <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(hijau & abu-abu)<br />– di <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(hijau)</p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Bulgaria_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_BGR_-_UNOCHA.svg&lang=id" class="mw-file-description" title="Lokasi Bulgaria"><img alt="Lokasi Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bulgaria_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_BGR_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-250px-Bulgaria_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_BGR_-_UNOCHA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bulgaria_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_BGR_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-375px-Bulgaria_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_BGR_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bulgaria_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_BGR_-_UNOCHA.svg/langid-500px-Bulgaria_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_BGR_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="251" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_kota" title="Ibu kota">Ibu kota</a><br /><div style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kota_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kota di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">(dan kota terbesar)</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25917590">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bulgaria&language=id&params=42_41_N_23_19_E_type:City"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°41′N</span> <span class="longitude">23°19′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.683°N 23.317°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.683; 23.317</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_resmi" title="Bahasa resmi">Bahasa resmi</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bulgaria" title="Bahasa Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kelompok_etnik" title="Kelompok etnik">Kelompok etnik</a> <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-2021Census-ethnocultural-characteristics_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-ethnocultural-characteristics-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>84,6% <a href="/wiki/Orang_Bulgaria" title="Orang Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li><li>8,4% <a href="/wiki/Turki_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Turki Bulgaria">Turki</a></li><li>4,4% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Romani_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Romani di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Romani</a></li><li>2,6% lainnya<sup id="cite_ref-one_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-one-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pemerintahan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Negara_kesatuan" title="Negara kesatuan">Kesatuan</a> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_parlementer" title="Sistem parlementer">parlementer</a> <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstitusional" title="Konstitusional">konstitusional</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Bulgaria">Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rumen_Radev" title="Rumen Radev">Rumen Radev</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Wakil_Presiden_Bulgaria" title="Wakil Presiden Bulgaria">Wakil Presiden</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iliana_Jotova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iliana Jotova (halaman belum tersedia)">Iliana Jotova</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Bulgaria" title="Perdana Menteri Bulgaria">Perdana Menteri</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Denkov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Denkov (halaman belum tersedia)">Nikolai Denkov</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislatif" title="Legislatif">Legislatif</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Народно събрание<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Majelis_Nasional_(Bulgaria)" title="Majelis Nasional (Bulgaria)">Narodno Sǎbranije</a></i></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Pembentukan</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Pertama" title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama">Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">681–1018</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Kedua" title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua">Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1185–1396</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kepangeranan_Bulgaria" title="Kepangeranan Bulgaria">Kepangeranan Bulgaria</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">3 Maret 1878</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kemerdekaan dari <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Ottoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Ottoman">Kekaisaran Ottoman</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 Oktober 1908</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Bulgaria" title="Republik Rakyat Bulgaria">Republik Rakyat Bulgaria</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 September 1946</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kembalinya bentuk negara Republik Bulgaria </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 November 1990</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Konstitusi saat ini </div></th><td class="infobox-data">12 Juli 1991</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 Januari 2007</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Luas</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">110.994 km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_luas_wilayah" title="Daftar negara menurut luas wilayah">105</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Perairan" title="Perairan">Perairan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persentase" title="Persentase">%</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0,3</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;">Populasi</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Perkiraan 2021</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6.520.314 (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_jumlah_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut jumlah penduduk">106</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Kepadatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kepadatan">Kepadatan</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">63/km<sup>2</sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_kepadatan_penduduk" title="Daftar negara menurut kepadatan penduduk">120</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Keseimbangan_kemampuan_berbelanja" title="Keseimbangan kemampuan berbelanja">KKB</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2022</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kenaikan"><img alt="Kenaikan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $203 miliar<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOBG_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOBG-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(KKB)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB)">73</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kenaikan"><img alt="Kenaikan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $27.890<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOBG_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOBG-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(KKB)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (KKB)">55</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Produk_domestik_bruto" title="Produk domestik bruto">PDB</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2022</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kenaikan"><img alt="Kenaikan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $86 miliar<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOBG_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOBG-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(nominal)" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal)">68</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - <a href="/wiki/Per_kapita" title="Per kapita">Per kapita</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kenaikan"><img alt="Kenaikan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $12.340<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEOBG_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOBG-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_PDB_(nominal)_per_kapita" title="Daftar negara menurut PDB (nominal) per kapita">61</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Koefisien_Gini" title="Koefisien Gini">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▼</span> 39,7<sup id="cite_ref-eurogini_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurogini-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:orange">sedang</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">IPM</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Penurunan"><img alt="Penurunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0,796<sup id="cite_ref-UNHDR_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:forestgreen">tinggi</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_menurut_Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Daftar negara menurut Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">68</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mata_uang" title="Mata uang">Mata uang</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lev_Bulgaria" title="Lev Bulgaria">Lev Bulgaria</a> (лв.) <br />(<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">BGN</a></code>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Zona_waktu" title="Zona waktu">Zona waktu</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Eropa_Timur" title="Waktu Eropa Timur">EET</a><br />(<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>+2</span>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> - Musim panas (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Musim_Panas" title="Waktu Musim Panas">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waktu_Universal_Terkoordinasi" title="Waktu Universal Terkoordinasi">UTC</a>+3</span> (<a href="/wiki/Waktu_Musim_Panas_Eropa_Timur" title="Waktu Musim Panas Eropa Timur">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arah_lalu_lintas" title="Arah lalu lintas">Lajur kemudi</a></th><td class="infobox-data">kanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_kode_telepon_negara_di_dunia" title="Daftar kode telepon negara di dunia">Kode telepon</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%2B359&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="+359 (halaman belum tersedia)">+359</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">Kode ISO 3166</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:BG" title="ISO 3166-2:BG">BG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ranah_Internet_tingkat_teratas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranah Internet tingkat teratas">Ranah Internet</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.bg" title=".bg">.bg</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/.%D0%B1%D0%B3" class="mw-redirect" title=".бг">.бг</a></td></tr><tr style="font-size:90%;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left;margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Bulgaria_infobox" title="Templat:Bulgaria infobox"><span title="Lihat templat ini">lihat</span></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Bulgaria_infobox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Bulgaria infobox (halaman belum tersedia)"><span title="Diskusikan templat ini">bicara</span></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Bulgaria_infobox&action=edit"><span title="Sunting templat ini">sunting</span></a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below mergedtoprow noprint"><div class="none" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%; line-height:normal;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;padding-top:0.1em"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Infobox_country&action=edit&section=top&editintro=Templat:Infobox/editintro2"><span style="color:#3464c9"><b>Sunting kotak info</b></span></a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country" title="Templat:Infobox country"><span style="display:inline-text;color:#3464c9">Lihat</span></a> • <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Infobox_country" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Infobox country"><span style="color:#3464c9">Bicara</span></a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Infobox_country/doc" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Bantuan penggunaan templat ini</figcaption></figure> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bulgaria</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bulgaria" title="Bahasa Bulgaria">bahasa Bulgaria</a>: <span lang="bg">България, Bǎlgarija</span>, resminya <b>Republik Bulgaria</b> (<span lang="bg">Република България</span>), diromawikan menjadi <i>Republika Bǎlgarija</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-transl_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-transl-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), adalah sebuah negara di <a href="/wiki/Eropa_Tenggara" class="mw-redirect" title="Eropa Tenggara">Eropa Tenggara</a>. Bulgaria berbatasan dengan lima negara: <a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a> di utara (sebagian besarnya di sepanjang <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Donau" title="Sungai Donau">Sungai Donau</a>), <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Makedonia_Utara" title="Makedonia Utara">Makedonia Utara</a> di barat, dan <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Turkiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkiye">Turkiye</a> di selatan. <a href="/wiki/Laut_Hitam" title="Laut Hitam">Laut Hitam</a> membatasi negara ini di sebelah timur. </p><p>Dengan luas wilayah 110.994 km², Bulgaria menjadi negara terluas ke-16 di <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a>. Beberapa kawasan pegunungan membatasi bentang alamnya, yang paling terkenal adalah <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Balkan" title="Pegunungan Balkan">Pegunungan Balkan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Rodopi" title="Pegunungan Rodopi">Pegunungan Rodopi</a>, juga <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Rila" title="Pegunungan Rila">Pegunungan Rila</a>, padanya terdapat puncak tertinggi di kawasan Balkan, yaitu <a href="/wiki/Puncak_Musala" title="Puncak Musala">Puncak Musala</a>. Sebaliknya, <a href="/wiki/Dataran_Donau" class="mw-redirect" title="Dataran Donau">Dataran Donau</a> di utara dan <a href="/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia">Dataran Trakia Atas</a> di selatan menjadi titik terendah sekaligus sebagai kawasan tersubur di Bulgaria. Pesisir Laut Hitam sepanjang 378 km meliputi seluruh batas timur negara ini. Pusat pemerintahan sekaligus kota terbesar Bulgaria adalah <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grao_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grao-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cikal bakal negara dan bangsa Bulgaria yang bersatu bermula pada abad ke-7 Masehi. Semua entitas politik Bulgaria yang silih berganti memelihara tradisi (dalam nama etnisitas, bahasa, dan huruf) dari <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Pertama" title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama">Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama</a> (681–1018), yang pada masa itu meliputi sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkan</a> dan sejatinya menjadi pusat kebudayaan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Slavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Slavia">bangsa Slavia</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seiring dengan kemunduran <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Kedua" title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua">Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua</a> (1185–1396/1422), wilayah Bulgaria menjadi di bawah kekuasaan <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a> selama lima abad. <a href="/wiki/Perang_Rusia-Turki_(1877%E2%80%931878)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Rusia-Turki (1877–1878)">Perang Rusia-Turki</a> pada 1877–1878 mengarah pada pembangunan "negara Bulgaria ketiga" sebagai <a href="/wiki/Monarki_konstitusional" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarki konstitusional">monarki konstitusional</a> pada 1878, yang memperoleh kedaulatan penuh pada 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada 1945, setelah Perang Dunia II, negara ini menjadi <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Bulgaria" title="Republik Rakyat Bulgaria">negara komunis</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan merupakan bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Blok_Timur" title="Blok Timur">Blok Timur</a> sampai terjadinya perubahan-perubahan politik di Eropa Timur pada 1989/1990, ketika <a href="/wiki/Partai_Komunis_Bulgaria" title="Partai Komunis Bulgaria">Partai Komunis Bulgaria</a> mengizinkan pemilihan umum multipartai dan Bulgaria menjalani masa peralihan ke arah <a href="/wiki/Demokrasi" title="Demokrasi">demokrasi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kapitalisme" title="Kapitalisme">kapitalisme</a> <a href="/wiki/Pasar_bebas" title="Pasar bebas">pasar bebas</a> dengan hasil campuran. </p><p>Bulgaria berfungsi sebagai demokrasi <a href="/wiki/Parlemen" title="Parlemen">parlementer</a> di dalam <a href="/wiki/Republik" title="Republik">republik</a> <a href="/wiki/Negara_kesatuan" title="Negara kesatuan">kesatuan</a> <a href="/wiki/Konstitusi" title="Konstitusi">konstitusional</a>. Sebagai anggota <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Eropa" title="Majelis Eropa">Majelis Eropa</a>, <a href="/wiki/WTO" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">WTO</a>, dan negara pendiri <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_untuk_Kerjasama_Laut_Hitam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisasi untuk Kerjasama Laut Hitam">Organisasi untuk Kerjasama Laut Hitam</a>, Bulgaria memiliki <a href="/wiki/Indeks_Pembangunan_Manusia" title="Indeks Pembangunan Manusia">Indeks Pembangunan Manusia</a> 0,743, peringkat ke-58 di dunia pada 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah Bulgaria</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prasejarah_dan_zaman_kuno">Prasejarah dan zaman kuno</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Prasejarah dan zaman kuno" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Prasejarah dan zaman kuno"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eropa_Neolitikum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eropa Neolitikum (halaman belum tersedia)">Eropa Neolitikum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eropa_Zaman_Perunggu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eropa Zaman Perunggu (halaman belum tersedia)">Eropa Zaman Perunggu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia">Trakia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan_Odris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan Odris (halaman belum tersedia)">Kerajaan Odris</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Slavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Slavia">Bangsa Slavia</a></div> <p>Kebudayaan-kebudayaan prasejarah di daratan Bulgaria meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Hamangia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Hamangia (halaman belum tersedia)">budaya Hamangia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Budaya_Vin%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Budaya Vinča">budaya Vinča</a> <a href="/wiki/Neolitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolitik">neolitik</a> (abad ke-6 sampai abad ke-3 SM), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Varna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Varna (halaman belum tersedia)">budaya Varna</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalkolitik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalkolitik (halaman belum tersedia)">kalkolitik</a> (abad ke-5 SM; lihat pula <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nekropolis_Varna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nekropolis Varna (halaman belum tersedia)">Nekropolis Varna</a>), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Ezero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Ezero (halaman belum tersedia)">budaya Ezero</a> <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Perunggu" title="Zaman Perunggu">Zaman Perunggu</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Karanovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Karanovo (halaman belum tersedia)">Budaya Karanovo</a> berperan sebagai alat ukur bagi prasejarah Balkan yang lebih luas. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Panagyurishte_gold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panagyurishte_gold.jpg/220px-Panagyurishte_gold.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panagyurishte_gold.jpg/330px-Panagyurishte_gold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Panagyurishte_gold.jpg/440px-Panagyurishte_gold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riton (halaman belum tersedia)">Riton</a> emas, salah satu benda warisan Panagyurishte bangsa Trakia, dari abad ke-4 sampai ke-3 SM</figcaption></figure> <p>Bangsa <a href="/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia">Trakia</a>, salah satu dari tiga kelompok moyang utama Bulgaria modern, tinggal terpisah di beberapa suku sampai Raja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teres_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teres I (halaman belum tersedia)">Teres</a> menyatukan sebagian besar dari mereka kira-kira pada tahun 500 SM di dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerajaan_Odris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerajaan Odris (halaman belum tersedia)">Kerajaan Odris</a>. Mereka sebenarnya ditaklukkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Agung" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Iskandar Agung">Iskandar Agung</a> dan kemudian oleh <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Kekaisaran Romawi</a>. Setelah hijrah dari tanah mereka sendiri, bangsa Slavia Selatan paling timur menempati wilayah Bulgaria modern pada abad ke-6 dan berasimilasi atau diyunanikan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Trako-Romawi" title="Trako-Romawi">Trako-Romawi</a>. Sejatinya kaum elite <a href="/wiki/Bulgar" title="Bulgar">Bulgar</a> menyatukan mereka-mereka itu ke dalam Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada abad ke-9, bangsa Bulgar dan Slavia saling berasimilasi.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulgaria_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulgaria-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Pertama">Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Pertama" title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama">Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Asparukh_dari_Bulgaria" title="Asparukh dari Bulgaria">Asparukh</a>, pewaris <a href="/wiki/Kubrat" title="Kubrat">Kubrat</a> khan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_Raya_Kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgaria Raya Kuno (halaman belum tersedia)">Bulgaria Raya Kuno</a>, hijrah bersama beberapa suku bangsa Bulgar ke daerah-daerah aliran sungai yang lebih rendah <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Donau" title="Sungai Donau">Donau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Dniester" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Dniester">Dniester</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Dnieper" title="Sungai Dnieper">Dnieper</a> (yang juga dikenal sebagai <i>Ongal</i>) setelah negara bapaknya ditaklukkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Khazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Khazar">bangsa Khazar</a>. Dia menaklukkan <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitia_Kecil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sitia Kecil (halaman belum tersedia)">Sitia Kecil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dobrogea" title="Dobrogea">Dobrogea</a>) dari <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bizantium" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Bizantium">Kekaisaran Bizantium</a>, memperluas kerajaan barunya ke arah Semenanjung Balkan.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebuah traktat perdamaian dengan Bizantium pada 681 dan pembangunan ibu kota Bulgaria, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pliska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pliska (halaman belum tersedia)">Pliska</a>, di selatan Sungai Donau menandai dimulainya <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Pertama" title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama">Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama</a>, sebuah negara yang didirikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Bulgar" title="Bulgar">Bulgar</a>, menyatukan tujuh suku bangsa Slavia Selatan. </p><p>Penguasa-penguasa berikutnya memperkuat negara Bulgaria—<a href="/wiki/Tervel_dari_Bulgaria" title="Tervel dari Bulgaria">Tervel</a> (700/701-718/721), memantapkan perbatasan dan mendirikan Bulgaria sebagai kekuatan militer utama dengan mengalahkan 26.000 tentara <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Arab">Arab</a> yang kuat pada <a href="/wiki/Pengepungan_Konstantinopel_(717-718)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengepungan Konstantinopel (717-718)">Pengepungan Arab Kedua terhadap Konstantinopel</a>, yang dengan kemenangan itu berarti juga menghilangkan percobaan serangan Arab berskala penuh dari Eropa Tengah dan Timur.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Krum1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Krum1.jpg/220px-Krum1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Krum1.jpg/330px-Krum1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Krum1.jpg/440px-Krum1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1689" data-file-height="1296" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Krum" title="Krum">Krum</a> berpesta dengan kemegahannya setelah perang Pliska. Pelayannya (kanan jauh) membawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cawan_tengkorak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cawan tengkorak (halaman belum tersedia)">cawan tengkorak</a> kaisar Nikeforus I berisi anggur.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Krum" title="Krum">Krum</a> (802–814),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> memperluas wilayah negaranya menjadi dua kali lipat, membunuh kaisar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikeforus_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikeforus I (halaman belum tersedia)">Nikeforus I</a> di dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Pliska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Pliska (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Pliska</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Theophanes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Theophanes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan memperkenalkan <a href="/wiki/Hukum_perdata" title="Hukum perdata">hukum perdata</a> tertulis pertama, yang berlaku bagi orang Slavia dan Bulgar. <a href="/wiki/Boris_I_dari_Bulgaria" title="Boris I dari Bulgaria">Boris I dari Bulgaria</a> (852–889) menghapus <a href="/wiki/Tengriisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Tengriisme">Tengriisme</a>, menggantinya dengan <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Ortodoks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen Ortodoks">Kristen Ortodoks</a> pada 864,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan memperkenalkan <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Kiril" title="Alfabet Kiril">Alfabet Kiril</a>, dikembangkan di sekolah kesusasteraan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_Kesusasteraan_Preslav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah Kesusasteraan Preslav (halaman belum tersedia)">Preslav</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_Kesusasteraan_Ohrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah Kesusasteraan Ohrid (halaman belum tersedia)">Ohrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_Cubberley_1996_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_Cubberley_1996-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alfabet Kiril, beserta <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Gereja_Slavonia_Lama" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia Lama">Bahasa Bulgaria Kuno</a>, memupuk bahasa tulisan cendekiawan (<i>lingua franca</i>) bagi Eropa Timur, dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Slavonik_Gereja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Slavonik Gereja (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Slavonik Gereja</a>. Kekuasaan Kaisar <a href="/wiki/Simeon_I_dari_Bulgaria" title="Simeon I dari Bulgaria">Simeon I dari Bulgaria</a> (893–927) menyaksikan perluasan wilayah terbesar Bulgaria di dalam sejarahnya.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simeon berupaya agar mendapatkan supremasi militer di atas Kekaisaran Bizantium, diperagakan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Akelus_(917)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Akelus (917) (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Akelus (917)</a>, salah satu perang yang paling berdarah pada <a href="/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dimitrov1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dimitrov1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> juga sebagai salah satu kejayaannya yang paling menentukan. Takhtanya juga menyaksikan Bulgaria membangun kekayaan, kebudayaan Slavonik Kristen yang unik, yang menjadi teladan bagi masyarakat Slavonik lainnya di Eropa Timur dan juga menyuburkan kelestarian bangsa Bulgaria kendati ada banyak kekuatan yang berupaya mengancamnya menuju perpecahan. </p><p>Setelah meninggalnya Simeon, Bulgaria mengalami kemunduran pada pertengahan abad ke-10, diperlemah oleh peperangan dengan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Kroasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Kroasia">bangsa Kroasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Hungaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Hungaria">Magyar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pecheneg" title="Pecheneg">Pecheneg</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Serbia">Serbia</a>, dan meluasnya <a href="/wiki/Bogomilisme" title="Bogomilisme">bidah Bogomil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasilnya adalah penyerangan oleh <a href="/wiki/Rus_Kiev" title="Rus Kiev">Rus Kiev</a> dan Bizantium secara berturut-turut, yang berujung pada perebutan ibu kota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preslav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preslav (halaman belum tersedia)">Preslav</a> oleh serdadu Bizantium.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di bawah <a href="/wiki/Samuil_dari_Bulgaria" title="Samuil dari Bulgaria">Samuil</a>, Bulgaria dipulihkan dari serangan-serangan itu dan bahkan mengatur siasat untuk menaklukkan <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia">Bosnia</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duklja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duklja (halaman belum tersedia)">Duklja</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tetapi ini berakhir pada 1014, ketika Kaisar Bizantium <a href="/wiki/Basil_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil II">Basil II</a> ("Sang Pembantai Bulgar") mengalahkan serdadunya di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Klidium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Klidium (halaman belum tersedia)">perang Klidium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Skylitzes_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skylitzes-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah mengganyang bangsa Bulgaria, Basil II membutakan mata 15.000 tawanan perang, sebelum membebaskannya.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulgaria_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulgaria-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samuil meninggal segera setelah perang usai, pada 15 Oktober 1014,<sup id="cite_ref-Skylitzes_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skylitzes-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan pada 1018 Kekaisaran Bizantium menaklukan Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kekuasaan_Bizantium_dan_Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Kedua">Kekuasaan Bizantium dan Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Kekuasaan Bizantium dan Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kekuasaan Bizantium dan Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Asen_dan_Peter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Asen dan Peter (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberontakan Asen dan Peter</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Bulgaria_Kedua" title="Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua">Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Basil_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil II">Basil II</a> berupaya mencegah pemberontakan dengan cara menahan penguasa lokal dari kalangan bangsawan Bulgaria, yang dikelompokkan ke dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aristokrasi_dan_birokrasi_Bizantium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aristokrasi dan birokrasi Bizantium (halaman belum tersedia)">aristokrasi Bizantium</a> sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Archon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archon">archon</a></i> atau <a href="/wiki/Strategos" title="Strategos">strategos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Zlatarski_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zlatarski-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> menjamin ketakterbagian Bulgaria di dalam bekas batas-batas geografisnya dan mengakui <a href="/wiki/Autosefalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosefalus">autosefalus</a> dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keuskupan_Agung_Ohrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keuskupan Agung Ohrid (halaman belum tersedia)">Keuskupan Agung Ohrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah kematiannya, kebijakan domestik Bizantium berubah, yang memicu serentetan pemberontakan yang gagal, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Petar_Delyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Petar Delyan (halaman belum tersedia)">yang terbesar</a> dipimpin oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Delyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Delyan (halaman belum tersedia)">Peter Delyan</a>. Bagaimanapun, tidak pernah berhasil sampai tahun 1185 ketika bangsawan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dinasti_Asen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dinasti Asen (halaman belum tersedia)">dinasti Asen</a>, yakni <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_I_dari_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Asen I dari Bulgaria">Ivan Asen I</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_IV_dari_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter IV dari Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Peter IV</a> menyusun pemberontakan berjaya dalam menegakkan kembali negara Bulgaria, menandai awal mulanya Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bulgaria-Iv%C3%A1n_Asen2-es.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bulgaria-Iv%C3%A1n_Asen2-es.svg/220px-Bulgaria-Iv%C3%A1n_Asen2-es.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bulgaria-Iv%C3%A1n_Asen2-es.svg/330px-Bulgaria-Iv%C3%A1n_Asen2-es.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bulgaria-Iv%C3%A1n_Asen2-es.svg/440px-Bulgaria-Iv%C3%A1n_Asen2-es.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Kekaisaran Bulgaria di bawah <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Asen_II_dari_Bulgaria" title="Ivan Asen II dari Bulgaria">Tsar Ivan Asen II</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Dinasti Asen menetapkan ibu kotanya di <a href="/wiki/Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Veliko Tarnovo">Veliko Tarnovo</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kaloyan_dari_Bulgaria" title="Kaloyan dari Bulgaria">Kaloyan</a>, raja ketiga dari dinasti Asen, memperluas wilayahnya hingga ke Belgrade, <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a>; dia mengakui keagungan spiritual <a href="/wiki/Paus_(Katolik_Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paus (Katolik Roma)">Paus</a>, dan menerima mahkota kerajaan dari seorang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duta_paus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duta paus (halaman belum tersedia)">duta paus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan budaya begitu kukuh di bawah kekuasaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Asen_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Asen II (halaman belum tersedia)">Ivan Asen II</a> (1218–1241), yang memperluas kendali Bulgaria ke atas <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, Despotat <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makedonia" class="mw-disambig" title="Makedonia">Makedonia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia">Trakia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pencapaian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsitektur_Sekolah_Artistik_Tarnovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsitektur Sekolah Artistik Tarnovo (halaman belum tersedia)">Arsitektur Sekolah Artistik Tarnovo</a> juga koin-koin pertama yang dicetak oleh penguasa Bulgaria hanyalah sedikit tanda kemakmuran kekaisaran tersebut pada masa itu.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ivan_shishman_preobravenski_manastir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ivan_shishman_preobravenski_manastir.jpg/170px-Ivan_shishman_preobravenski_manastir.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ivan_shishman_preobravenski_manastir.jpg/255px-Ivan_shishman_preobravenski_manastir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ivan_shishman_preobravenski_manastir.jpg/340px-Ivan_shishman_preobravenski_manastir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="1627" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Shishman_dari_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Shishman dari Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Ivan Shishman</a>, penguasa terakhir Kekaisaran Tarnovo (1371–1395)</figcaption></figure> <p>Dinasti Asen berakhir pada 1257, dan karena <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara-negara_Tatar_dan_Mongol_di_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara-negara Tatar dan Mongol di Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">penyerbuan bangsa Tatar</a> (bermula pada akhir abad ke-13), konflik internal, dan serangan yang selalu saja ada dari Byzantium dan Hungaria, militer dan ekonomi negara ini semakin mengalami kemunduran. Di ujung abad ke-14, pembagian faksional di antara para tuan tanah Bulgaria (<i><a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">boyar</a></i>) dan meluasnya <a href="/wiki/Bogomilisme" title="Bogomilisme">Bogomilisme</a> telah menyebabkan Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua terpecah menjadi tiga kekaisaran kecil (di Vidin, Tarnovo, dan Karvuna) dan beberapa kepangeranan setengah-merdeka yang saling berperang, dan juga dengan Bizantium, Hungaria, Serbia, <a href="/wiki/Republik_Venesia" title="Republik Venesia">Republik Venesia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Republik_Genoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Genoa">Republik Genoa</a>. Pada periode 1365–1370, <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a>, yang telah siap menyerang Balkan, menaklukkan sebagian besar kota-kota di Bulgaria dan benteng-benteng di selatan Pegunungan Balkan dan memulakan upaya penaklukan ke arah utara.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Runtuhnya_Kekaisaran_Kedua_dan_kekuasaan_Utsmaniyah">Runtuhnya Kekaisaran Kedua dan kekuasaan Utsmaniyah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Runtuhnya Kekaisaran Kedua dan kekuasaan Utsmaniyah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Runtuhnya Kekaisaran Kedua dan kekuasaan Utsmaniyah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Bulgaria_Utsmaniyah_dini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Bulgaria Utsmaniyah dini (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah Bulgaria Utsmaniyah dini</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Nasional_Bulgaria" title="Kebangkitan Nasional Bulgaria">Kebangkitan Nasional Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Pada 1393, <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a> merebut Tarnovo, ibu kota Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua, setelah tiga bulan penyerbuan. Pada 1396, Kekaisaran Vidin jatuh setelah kalahnya pihak Kristen pada <a href="/wiki/Perang_Salib" title="Perang Salib">Perang Salib</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Nikopolis" title="Pertempuran Nikopolis">Pertempuran Nikopolis</a>. Dengan hal ini, Kesultanan Utsmaniyah akhirnya menundukkan dan menduduki Bulgaria.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-xixcnf_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xixcnf-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-xouksi_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-xouksi-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada masa kekuasaan mereka, populasi Bulgaria menderita akibat penindasan, ketaktoleransian, dan kesalah-urusan pemerintahan.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kebangsawanan dihapuskan dan kaum tani menjadi budak bagi tuan-tuan Utsmaniyah<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sementara orang Bulgaria diperlakukan kurang adil dibandingkan <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> Utsmaniyah dan harus membayar pajak yang lebih besar dari mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Budaya Bulgaria menjadi terpencil dari Eropa, pencapaiannya dihancurkan, dan cendekiawan atau rohaniwannya diusir ke negara lain.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nicopol_final_battle_1398.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nicopol_final_battle_1398.jpg/220px-Nicopol_final_battle_1398.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nicopol_final_battle_1398.jpg/330px-Nicopol_final_battle_1398.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Nicopol_final_battle_1398.jpg/440px-Nicopol_final_battle_1398.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1549" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Nikopolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Nikopolis (halaman belum tersedia)">Perang Nikopolis</a>, 1396</figcaption></figure> <p>Sepanjang hampir lima abad di bawah kekuasaan Utsmaniyah, bangsa Bulgaria merespons penindasan dengan memperkuat tradisi <i><a href="/wiki/Hajduk" title="Hajduk">hajduk</a></i> ("perampokan", "penolakan hukum", "tindakan liar"),<sup id="cite_ref-Bulgaria_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulgaria-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan berupaya mendirikan kembali negara mereka dengan mengatur beberapa pemberontakan, yang paling terkenal adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Tarnovo_Pertama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Tarnovo Pertama (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberontakan Tarnovo Pertama</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Tarnovo_Kedua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Tarnovo Kedua (halaman belum tersedia)">Kedua</a> (1598/1686) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Karposh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Karposh (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberontakan Karposh</a> (1689). <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_Nasional_Bulgaria" title="Kebangkitan Nasional Bulgaria">Kebangkitan Nasional Bulgaria</a> menjadi salah satu faktor penentu dalam perjuangan demi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembebasan_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembebasan Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembebasan Bulgaria</a>, hasilnya pada <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_April" title="Pemberontakan April">pemberontakan April</a> —pemberontakan Bulgaria terbesar dan terbaik. Meskipun berhasil diganyang oleh penguasa Utsmaniyah—sebagai pembalasannya, bangsa Turki membantai kira-kira 15.000 orang Bulgaria<sup id="cite_ref-Bulgaria_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulgaria-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—pemberontakan itu memicu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuasa_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuasa Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuasa Besar</a> mengambil tindakan. Mereka menyelenggarakan <a href="/wiki/Konferensi_Konstantinopel" title="Konferensi Konstantinopel">Konferensi Konstantinopel</a> pada 1876, tetapi putusan-putusan mereka ditolak oleh penguasa Utsmaniyah, yang mengizinkan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Rusia" title="Kekaisaran Rusia">Kekaisaran Rusia</a> mencari penyelesaian dengan kekuatan tanpa memunculkan risiko konfrontasi militer dengan Kuasa Besar lainnya (seperti yang terjadi dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_Krimea" title="Perang Krimea">Perang Krimea</a> pada 1854 sampai 1856). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negara_Bulgaria_Ketiga">Negara Bulgaria Ketiga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Negara Bulgaria Ketiga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Negara Bulgaria Ketiga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Perang_Serbia-Bulgaria" title="Perang Serbia-Bulgaria">Perang Serbia-Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perang_Balkan_I" title="Perang Balkan I">Perang Balkan I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perang_Balkan_Kedua" title="Perang Balkan Kedua">Perang Balkan Kedua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_pada_Perang_Dunia_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgaria pada Perang Dunia I (halaman belum tersedia)">Bulgaria pada Perang Dunia I</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_militer_Bulgaria_pada_Perang_Dunia_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah militer Bulgaria pada Perang Dunia II (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah militer Bulgaria pada Perang Dunia II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Bulgaria" title="Republik Rakyat Bulgaria">Republik Rakyat Bulgaria</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Bulgaria_sejak_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah Bulgaria sejak 1989 (halaman belum tersedia)">Sejarah Bulgaria sejak 1989</a></div> <p>Dua hasil penting dari <a href="/wiki/Perang_Rusia-Turki_(1877%E2%80%931878)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Rusia-Turki (1877–1878)">Perang Rusia-Turki (1877–1878)</a> adalah kalahnya serdadu Utsmaniyah oleh Tentara Rusia (didukung oleh relawan Bulgaria dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Rumania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Rumania (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Darat Rumania</a>) dan <a href="/wiki/Traktat_San_Stefano" class="mw-redirect" title="Traktat San Stefano">Traktat San Stefano</a> (3 Maret 1878) sebagai landasan hukum bagi terbentuknya Kepangeranan Bulgaria yang otonom. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuasa_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuasa Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuasa Besar</a> segera saja menolak traktat itu, mereka khawatir bahwa sebuah negara besar di Balkan mungkin mengancam keinginan-keinginan mereka. Perjanjian berikutnya, yaitu <a href="/wiki/Traktat_Berlin_(1878)" title="Traktat Berlin (1878)">Traktat Berlin (1878)</a> menjadikan terbentuknya negara otonom yang lebih kecil yang terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a> dan wilayah <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCProfile_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCProfile-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kepangeranan Bulgaria secara sepihak mengumumkan negara merdeka sepenuhnya pada tahun 1908, tepatnya 5 Oktober (22 September--<i>tarikh sebelum koreksi 1582</i>), setelah memenangi <a href="/wiki/Perang_Serbia-Bulgaria" title="Perang Serbia-Bulgaria">perang melawan Serbia</a> dan menyatukan wilayah Utsmaniyah setengah-otonom, <a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Timur" title="Rumelia Timur">Rumelia Timur</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:FieldMarshallVonMackensenAndCrownPrinceBorisReviewingBulgarianRegiment.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/FieldMarshallVonMackensenAndCrownPrinceBorisReviewingBulgarianRegiment.jpeg/220px-FieldMarshallVonMackensenAndCrownPrinceBorisReviewingBulgarianRegiment.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/FieldMarshallVonMackensenAndCrownPrinceBorisReviewingBulgarianRegiment.jpeg/330px-FieldMarshallVonMackensenAndCrownPrinceBorisReviewingBulgarianRegiment.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/FieldMarshallVonMackensenAndCrownPrinceBorisReviewingBulgarianRegiment.jpeg/440px-FieldMarshallVonMackensenAndCrownPrinceBorisReviewingBulgarianRegiment.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="468" /></a><figcaption>Putera Mahkota <a href="/wiki/Boris_III_dari_Bulgaria" title="Boris III dari Bulgaria">Boris</a> dengan panglima tertinggi <a href="/wiki/August_von_Mackensen" title="August von Mackensen">August von Mackensen</a> memeriksa serdadu Bulgaria, 1916</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:2606493.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/2606493.jpg/220px-2606493.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/2606493.jpg/330px-2606493.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/2606493.jpg/440px-2606493.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" class="mw-disambig" title="Wilhelm II">Wilhelm II</a> beserta <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_dari_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand dari Bulgaria">Ferdinand I</a>, mengenakan seragam militer masing-masing negara mereka, pada sebuah kunjungan ke <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada tahun-tahun setelah memperoleh kemerdekaan penuh, Bulgaria menjadi lebih militeristik, dan dijuluki sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Prusia" title="Prusia">Prusia</a>-nya Balkan".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada 1912 dan 1913, Bulgaria terlibat dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_Balkan" title="Perang Balkan">Perang Balkan</a>, pihak pertama yang terlibat konflik selain <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> melawan <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a>. <a href="/wiki/Perang_Balkan_I" title="Perang Balkan I">Perang Balkan I</a> (1912–1913) terbukti sukses bagi tentara Bulgaria, tetapi konflik pemisahan Makedonia muncul di antara sekutu-sekutu yang memenangi perang. <a href="/wiki/Perang_Balkan_Kedua" title="Perang Balkan Kedua">Perang Balkan Kedua</a> (1913) menjadi kekalahan yang meluluhlantakkan Bulgaria, yang bahkan diserang secara hampir serempak oleh tetangga-tetangganya. Pada Perang Dunia I, Bulgaria lagi-lagi menjadi pecundang sebagai dampak dari kesekutuannya dengan <a href="/wiki/Blok_Sentral" title="Blok Sentral">Blok Sentral</a>. Kendati meraih beberapa kejayaan yang menentukan (pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Doiran_(1917)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Doiran (1917) (halaman belum tersedia)">Doiran</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Monastir_(1917)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Monastir (1917) (halaman belum tersedia)">Monastir</a>, dan juga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perang_Doiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perang Doiran (halaman belum tersedia)">Doiran pada tahun 1918</a>), Bulgaria kalah perang dan menderita kehilangan wilayah yang cukup banyak.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulgaria_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulgaria-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keseluruhan korban dari tiga perang itu adalah kira-kira sebanyak 412.000–152.000 militer gugur dan 260.000 terluka. Gelombang sebanyak 253.000<sup id="cite_ref-Mintchev_1999_124_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mintchev_1999_124-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pengungsi resmi, yang mewakili 6% populasi pra-perang negara ini, dan sebagian lagi pengungsi tak-terdaftar yang tak-jelas jumlahnya menambah kemuraman bagi ekonomi nasional yang baru saja ambruk. </p><p>Setelah serangkaian kekalahan ini, pada dasawarsa 1920-an dan 1930-an negara ini menderita kekacauan politik, yang memicu didirikannya <a href="/wiki/Otoritarianisme" title="Otoritarianisme">kediktatoran otoriter</a> oleh Tsar <a href="/wiki/Boris_III_dari_Bulgaria" title="Boris III dari Bulgaria">Boris III</a> (bertakhta pada 1918–1943). Setelah merebut lagi kendali atas Dobrudzha Selatan pada 1940, Bulgaria terlibat Perang Dunia II pada 1941 sebagai anggota <a href="/wiki/Blok_Poros" title="Blok Poros">Blok Poros</a>. Tetapi, Bulgaria menolak turut serta dalam <a href="/wiki/Operasi_Barbarossa" title="Operasi Barbarossa">Operasi Barbarossa</a> dan tidak pernah menyatakan perang terhadap <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a>, dan melindungi populasi Yahudi dari pengusiran ke <a href="/wiki/Kamp_konsentrasi_Nazi" title="Kamp konsentrasi Nazi">kamp konsentrasi</a> dengan berulang kali menangguhkan pemenuhan permintaan Jerman, dengan menyampaikan berbagai macam alasan yang masuk akal.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada Maret 1943, hampir 12.000 orang Yahudi di Trakia dan Makedonia, kedua-duanya diurus oleh pemerintah Bulgaria atas nama Nazi, diusir ke Auschwitz dan Treblinka<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada musim panas 1943, Boris III tiba-tiba mangkat, sebuah peristiwa yang menggiring negara ini ke dalam pergolakan politik sejak perang beralih melawan Nazi Jerman dan pergerakan gerilya Komunis mendapatkan kekuatan yang lebih besar.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Zhelyu-Zhelev-20090423.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Zhelyu-Zhelev-20090423.jpg/170px-Zhelyu-Zhelev-20090423.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Zhelyu-Zhelev-20090423.jpg/255px-Zhelyu-Zhelev-20090423.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Zhelyu-Zhelev-20090423.jpg/340px-Zhelyu-Zhelev-20090423.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zhelyu_Zhelev" title="Zhelyu Zhelev">Zhelyu Zhelev</a>, presiden pertama Bulgaria yang terpilih secara demokratis<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Pada September 1944, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barisan_Pembela_Tanah_Air_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barisan Pembela Tanah Air (Bulgaria) (halaman belum tersedia)">Barisan Pembela Tanah Air</a> yang didominasi oleh Komunis mengambil alih kekuasaan, setelah banyaknya penyerangan dan kekacauan, mengakhiri kesekutuan dengan Nazi Jerman dan menggabungi pihak Sekutu hingga akhir perang pada 1945. <a href="/wiki/Kudeta_Bulgaria_1944" title="Kudeta Bulgaria 1944">Pemberontakan komunis</a> pada 9 September 1944 menghasilkan penghapusan kekuasaan monarkis, tetapi sampai tahun 1946 sebuah <a href="/wiki/Republik_rakyat" title="Republik rakyat">republik rakyat</a> belum juga terbentuk. Hal ini terjadi di bawah pengaruh Soviet, dengan <a href="/wiki/Georgi_Dimitrov" title="Georgi Dimitrov">Georgi Dimitrov</a> (1946-1949) sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kepemimpinan" title="Kepemimpinan">pemimpin</a> politik Bulgaria terdepan. Bulgaria menerapkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perekonomian_terencana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perekonomian terencana (halaman belum tersedia)">perekonomian terencana</a> bergaya Soviet dengan beberapa kebijakan yang berorientasi pasar yang mengemuka pada tataran percobaan<sup id="cite_ref-csecon_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csecon-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> di bawah panduan <a href="/wiki/Todor_Zhivkov" title="Todor Zhivkov">Todor Zhivkov</a> (1954-1989). Pada pertengahan dasawarsa 1950-an standar-standar kehidupan membaik secara signifikan.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyudmila_Zhivkova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyudmila Zhivkova (halaman belum tersedia)">Lyudmila Zhivkova</a>, puteri Zhivkov, mempromosikan budaya, seni, dan warisan nasional Bulgaria ke seluruh dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di pihak lain, sebuah kampanye pembauran di penghujung dasawarsa 1980-an diarahkan untuk melawan etnik Turki, hasilnya adalah kira-kira 300.000 etnik Turki di Bulgaria beremigrasi ke <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang berdampak pada anjloknya produksi pertanian karena kehilangan tenaga buruh.<sup id="cite_ref-cia1990_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia1990-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada 10 November 1989, Partai Komunis Bulgaria melepaskan monopoli politiknya, Zhivkov mundur, dan Bulgaria mulai memasuki masa peralihan dari <a href="/wiki/Negara_satu_partai" title="Negara satu partai">negara satu partai</a> ke <a href="/wiki/Sistem_parlementer" title="Sistem parlementer">sistem parlementer</a>. </p><p>Pada Juni 1990 pemilihan umum bebas pertama diselenggarakan, dimenangi oleh sayap moderat Partai Komunis (<a href="/wiki/Partai_Sosialis_Bulgaria" title="Partai Sosialis Bulgaria">Partai Sosialis Bulgaria</a>—BSP). Pada Juli 1991, diterapkanlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstitusi_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstitusi Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">konstitusi baru</a>, yaitu konstitusi yang disediakan untuk Presiden terpilih yang relatif lemah dan untuk Perdana Menteri yang bertanggung jawab kepada parlemen. Perencanaan ekonomi dibatalkan dan inisiatif pribadi dilegalkan. Sistem baru sebenarnya gagal memperbaiki standar-standar kehidupan atau menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi, bahkan rerata mutu kehidupan dan kinerja ekonomi sebenarnya lebih rendah daripada periode Komunis di awal dasawarsa 2000-an.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebuah paket reformasi diperkenalkan pada 1997 untuk memulihkan kembali pertumbuhan ekonomi yang positif, tetapi memicu tumbuhnya kesenjangan sosial. Bulgaria menjadi anggota <a href="/wiki/Pakta_Pertahanan_Atlantik_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara">Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara</a> pada 2004 dan <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> pada 2007. Divisi Penelitian Federal Perpustakaan Kongres Amerika Serikat melaporkan Bulgaria pada 2006 sebagai negara yang memiliki catatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebebasan_bersuara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebebasan bersuara (halaman belum tersedia)">kebebasan bersuara</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hak_asasi_manusia" title="Hak asasi manusia">hak asasi manusia</a> yang secara umum bagus,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> menyatakan Bulgaria sebagai "bebas" pada 2010, memberinya skor 2 untuk hak-hak politik dan 2 untuk kebebasan sipil.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kendati adanya perbaikan-perbaikan ini, laporan sebenarnya menunjukkan bahwa beberapa isu masih bertahan, yakni yang berkaitan dengan pergerakan nasionalis seperti VMRO, yang berupaya memaksakan sudut pandang mereka dalam hal pelarangan keagamaan, pengakuan yang terkait kekerasan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografi">Geografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Geografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geografi_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geografi Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Geografi Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Centralbalkan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Centralbalkan.jpg/220px-Centralbalkan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Centralbalkan.jpg/330px-Centralbalkan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Centralbalkan.jpg/440px-Centralbalkan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah pemandangan di <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Balkan" title="Pegunungan Balkan">Pegunungan Balkan</a> bagian tengah</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Raysko-praskalo-cc-karalamov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Raysko-praskalo-cc-karalamov.jpg/170px-Raysko-praskalo-cc-karalamov.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Raysko-praskalo-cc-karalamov.jpg/255px-Raysko-praskalo-cc-karalamov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Raysko-praskalo-cc-karalamov.jpg/340px-Raysko-praskalo-cc-karalamov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Air terjun <a href="/wiki/Raysko_Praskalo" title="Raysko Praskalo">Raysko Praskalo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgaria terletak di antara <a href="/wiki/41_derajat_lintang_utara" title="41 derajat lintang utara">41°</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=45_derajat_lintang_utara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="45 derajat lintang utara (halaman belum tersedia)">45° LU</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=22_derajat_bujur_barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="22 derajat bujur barat (halaman belum tersedia)">22°</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=29_derajat_bujur_timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="29 derajat bujur timur (halaman belum tersedia)">29° BT</a>. </p><p>Secara geografis dan dalam hal iklim, Bulgaria memiliki keberagaman yang terkenal, dengan bentang darat mulai dari puncak topi salju <a href="/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen">Alpen</a> di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rila (halaman belum tersedia)">Rila</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirin (halaman belum tersedia)">Pirin</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Balkan" title="Pegunungan Balkan">Pegunungan Balkan</a> hingga ke pesisir <a href="/wiki/Laut_Hitam" title="Laut Hitam">Laut Hitam</a> yang beriklim sedang dan bermatahari; dari the typically <a href="/wiki/Iklim_kontinental" class="mw-redirect" title="Iklim kontinental">iklim kontinental</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dataran_Danubia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dataran Danubia (halaman belum tersedia)">Dataran Danubia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a> kuno) di utara hingga ke <a href="/wiki/Iklim_Mediterania" class="mw-redirect" title="Iklim Mediterania">pengaruh iklim Mediterania</a> di lembah <a href="/wiki/Makedonia_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makedonia (region)">Makedonia</a> dan di dataran rendah di bagian selatan <a href="/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia">Trakia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relief_dan_sumber_daya_alam">Relief dan sumber daya alam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Relief dan sumber daya alam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Relief dan sumber daya alam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bulgaria terdiri dari bagian-bagian wilayah yang terpisah-pisah, yang pada <a href="/wiki/Romawi_Kuno" title="Romawi Kuno">zaman kuno</a> dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia">Trakia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Makedonia_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makedonia (region)">Makedonia</a>. Kira-kira 30% tanahnya berupa dataran sedang, sementara dataran tinggi dan perbukitan terhitung sebanyak 41%.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bagian barat daya yang bergunung-gunung di negara ini memiliki dua rangkaian alpen—yakni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rila (halaman belum tersedia)">Rila</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirin (halaman belum tersedia)">Pirin</a>—dan di timur jauhnya berdiri gunung-gunung yang lebih rendah tetapi jumlahnya lebih banyak, yakni <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Rodopi" title="Pegunungan Rodopi">Pegunungan Rodopi</a>. Barisan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rila (halaman belum tersedia)">Rila</a> terdiri dari puncak tertinggi Semenanjung Balkan, <a href="/wiki/Musala" title="Musala">Musala</a>, setinggi 2.925 meter;<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Balkan" title="Pegunungan Balkan">barisan Pegunungan Balkan</a> dari barat-ke-timur melalui bagian tengah negara ini, di utara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembah_Mawar,_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembah Mawar, Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Lembah Mawar</a>. Perkampungan yang berbukit-bukit atau berupa dataran terletak di bagian tenggara, di sepanjang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantai_Laut_Hitam_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantai Laut Hitam Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Pantai Laut Hitam Bulgaria</a>, dan di sepanjang sungai utama Bulgaria, <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Donau" title="Sungai Donau">Donau</a>, di utara. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strandzha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strandzha (halaman belum tersedia)">Strandzha</a> membentuk gunung tertinggi di bagian tenggara. Sebagian kecil pegunungan dan perbukitan berada di wilayah timur laut <a href="/wiki/Dobrogea" title="Dobrogea">Dobrogea</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sozopolivanpetarkirik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sozopolivanpetarkirik.jpg/220px-Sozopolivanpetarkirik.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sozopolivanpetarkirik.jpg/330px-Sozopolivanpetarkirik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Sozopolivanpetarkirik.jpg/440px-Sozopolivanpetarkirik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Laut_Hitam" title="Laut Hitam">Laut Hitam</a> terlihat dari puncak Bakurluka di dekat <a href="/wiki/Burgas" title="Burgas">Burgas</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgaria memiliki cadangan <a href="/wiki/Bauksit" title="Bauksit">bauksit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">timbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">seng</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>. Cadangan yang lebih kecil adalah <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">perak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">kromium</a> <a href="/wiki/Oksida" title="Oksida">oksida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a>, dan yang lainnya. Bulgaria juga berkelimpahan mineral yang tidak mengandung logam, semisal <a href="/wiki/Natrium_klorida" title="Natrium klorida">garam batu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gipsum" title="Gipsum">gipsum</a>, kaolin, dan <a href="/wiki/Marmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmer">marmer</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidrografi_dan_iklim">Hidrografi dan iklim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Hidrografi dan iklim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hidrografi dan iklim"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Negara ini memiliki jejaring sungai yang cukup banyak, yakni 540 sungai, sebagian besar nya—kecuali <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Donau" title="Sungai Donau">Sungai Donau</a>—pendek dan dengan permukaan air yang dangkal.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebagian sungai mengalir melalui daerah pegunungan. Sungai terpanjang di Bulgaria (tanpa berbagi dengan negara lain), yakni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Iskar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Iskar (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai Iskar</a>, memiliki panjang 368 km. Sungai besar lainnya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sungai_Struma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sungai Struma (halaman belum tersedia)">Sungai Struma</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Maritsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sungai Maritsa">Sungai Maritsa</a> di selatan. </p><p>Bulgaria secara keseluruhan ber<a href="/wiki/Iklim_sedang" title="Iklim sedang">iklim sedang</a>, disertai musim dingin dan musim panas. <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Balkan" title="Pegunungan Balkan">Pegunungan Balkan</a> sebagai penghalang berpengaruh pada iklim di bagian utara negara ini, akibatnya adalah suhu udara yang lebih rendah dan hujan yang lebih sering daripada dataran rendah di selatan. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kaiseradler_Aquila_heliaca_2_amk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Kaiseradler_Aquila_heliaca_2_amk.jpg/170px-Kaiseradler_Aquila_heliaca_2_amk.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Kaiseradler_Aquila_heliaca_2_amk.jpg/255px-Kaiseradler_Aquila_heliaca_2_amk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Kaiseradler_Aquila_heliaca_2_amk.jpg/340px-Kaiseradler_Aquila_heliaca_2_amk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Kira-kira 20 pasang <a href="/wiki/Elang" title="Elang">Elang</a> Imperial Timur (<i>Aquila heliaca</i>) menetap di Bulgaria, dan jumlahnya selalu bertambah.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Rerata <a href="/wiki/Curah_hujan" class="mw-redirect" title="Curah hujan">curah hujan</a> di Bulgaria adalah 60 mm per tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di dataran rendah, curah hujan bervariasi antara 500 sampai 800 mm, dan di daerah pegunungan antara 1.000 sampai 2.500 mm per tahun. Daerah yang lebih kering di antaranya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dobregea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dobregea (halaman belum tersedia)">Dobregea</a> dan jalur pantai utara, sedangkan bagian yang lebih tinggi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rila (halaman belum tersedia)">Rila</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirin (halaman belum tersedia)">Pirin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Rodopi" title="Pegunungan Rodopi">Pegunungan Rodopi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Balkan" title="Pegunungan Balkan">Pegunungan Balkan</a>, Gunung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osogovska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osogovska (halaman belum tersedia)">Osogovska</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Vitosha" title="Vitosha">Vitosha</a> menerima kadar tertinggi curah hujan. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sveshtnik_IMG_3782.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sveshtnik_IMG_3782.jpg/220px-Sveshtnik_IMG_3782.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sveshtnik_IMG_3782.jpg/330px-Sveshtnik_IMG_3782.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Sveshtnik_IMG_3782.jpg/440px-Sveshtnik_IMG_3782.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Gunung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirin (halaman belum tersedia)">Pirin</a>, yang memegang salah satu pohon tertua di dunia—<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pinus_Baikushev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pinus Baikushev (halaman belum tersedia)">Pinus Baikushev</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lingkungan_dan_kehidupan_liar">Lingkungan dan kehidupan liar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Lingkungan dan kehidupan liar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lingkungan dan kehidupan liar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bulgaria telah menandatangani dan meratifikasi <a href="/wiki/Protokol_Kyoto" title="Protokol Kyoto">Protokol Kyoto</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan telah mencapai pengurangan 30% emisi <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a> sejak 1990 sampai 2009, memenuhi persyaratan protokol itu.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, pencemaran dari pabrik-pabrik tua dan peleburan logam, juga beberapa <a href="/wiki/Penggundulan_hutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Penggundulan hutan">penggundulan hutan</a> (sebagian besarnya disebabkan oleh pembalakan liar), yang berlanjut pada masalah-masalah besar.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kawasan perkotaan secara khusus terpengaruh, sebagian besarnya karena produksi energi dari pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara dan lalu lintas kendaraan bermotor,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sedangkan penggunaan pestisida dalam pertanian dan sistem pembuangan limbah yang ketinggalan zaman menghasilkan pencemaran air dan tanah secara besar-besaran oleh zat-zat kimia sintetik dan detergen.<sup id="cite_ref-ESI_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESI-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dan lagi, Bulgaria adalah satu-satunya anggota Uni Eropa yang tidak mendaur ulang sampah/limbah perkotaan,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kendati lahan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendaurulangan_komputer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendaurulangan komputer (halaman belum tersedia)">pendaurulangan komputer</a> mulai beroperasi pada Juni 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Situasi ini kian membaik pada tahun-tahun belakangan, dan beberapa program yang didanai pemerintah telah dirintis untuk mengurangi kadar pencemaran.<sup id="cite_ref-ESI_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESI-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tiga <a href="/wiki/Taman_nasional" title="Taman nasional">taman nasional</a>, 11 taman alami<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan 17 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadangan_biosfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadangan biosfer (halaman belum tersedia)">cadangan biosfer</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> terletak di wilayah Bulgaria. Hampir 35% daratannya berupa hutan.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Beruang_cokelat" title="Beruang cokelat">Beruang cokelat</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jackal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jackal (halaman belum tersedia)">jackal</a> (sejenis <a href="/wiki/Serigala" title="Serigala">serigala</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> merupakan <a href="/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia">mamalia</a> yang kontras, sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Lynx_Eurasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynx Eurasia">lynx Eurasia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elang_imperial_timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elang imperial timur (halaman belum tersedia)">elang imperial timur</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerpelai_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerpelai Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">cerpelai Eropa</a> sedikit, tetapi terus membanyak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politik">Politik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politik_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politik di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Politik di Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Georgi_S._Parvanov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Georgi_S._Parvanov.jpg/170px-Georgi_S._Parvanov.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Georgi_S._Parvanov.jpg/255px-Georgi_S._Parvanov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Georgi_S._Parvanov.jpg/340px-Georgi_S._Parvanov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Parvanov" title="Georgi Parvanov">Georgi Parvanov</a>, presiden Bulgaria</figcaption></figure> <p>Lembaga legislatif di Bulgaria adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majelis_Nasional_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majelis Nasional Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Majelis Nasional Bulgaria</a> (Народно събрание). Anggotanya terdiri dari 240 orang yang masing-masing dipilih untuk masa tugas empat tahun melalui pemilihan umum.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Majelis Nasional memiliki kekuasaan untuk mengesahkan dan memberlakukan undang-undang, menyetujui anggaran, menjadwalkan pemilihan presiden, memilih dan memberhentikan <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Perdana_Menteri_Bulgaria" title="Daftar Perdana Menteri Bulgaria">Perdana Menteri</a> dan para menterinya, menyatakan perang, mengirimkan tentara, dan menyetujui piagam dan perjanjian internasional. <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Presiden_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Presiden Bulgaria">Presiden</a> berperan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kepala_negara" title="Kepala negara">kepala negara</a> dan panglima tertinggi angkatan bersenjata. Presiden tidak dapat mengajukan usulan <a href="/wiki/Legislasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislasi">legislasi</a> selain daripada perubahan undang-undang dasar, tetapi Presiden dapat mengembalikan rancangan undang-undang untuk dibahas lebih lanjut, meskipun parlemen dapat menolak veto Presiden melalui pemungutan suara terbanyak dari semua anggota parlemen. <a href="/wiki/Boyko_Borisov" title="Boyko Borisov">Boyko Borisov</a>, pemimpin partai sayap tengah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Citizens_for_European_Development_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria</a>, menjadi perdana menteri pada 27 Juli 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan Georgi Parvanov terpilih kembali sebagai presiden pada 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hukum">Hukum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Hukum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hukum"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum di Bulgaria</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberdayaan_hukum_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberdayaan hukum di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemberdayaan hukum di Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Sistem hukum Bulgaria mengakui Undang-Undang produk Parlemen sebagai Referensi utama hukum, dan merupakan wujud lazim dari keluarga <a href="/wiki/Hukum_sipil_(sistem_hukum)" title="Hukum sipil (sistem hukum)">hukum sipil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peradilan diawasi oleh Kementerian Keadilan, sementara Pengadilan Administratif Tertinggi dan Pengadilan Kasasi Tertinggi, pengadilan banding tertinggi, berperan pada penerapan undang-undang di pengadilan-pengadilan yang lebih rendah. Dewan Peradilan Tertinggi mengatur sistem dan menunjuk para hakim. Peradilan Bulgaria menjadi satu-satunya yang paling korup dan paling tidak efisien di Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organisasi-organisasi pemberdayaan hukum pada umumnya berkedudukan di bawah Kementerian Dalam Negeri.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepolisian_Nasional_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepolisian Nasional Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Kepolisian Nasional Bulgaria</a> bertanggung jawab memerangi kejahatan umum dan menyokong beroperasinya lembaga-lembaga pemberdayaan hukum lainnya, <i>Lembaga Investigasi Nasional</i> dan <i>Kantor Pusat Perang Melawan Kejahatan Terorganisasi</i>. Kepolisian memiliki divisi kriminal dan keuangan dan kantor-kantor nasional dan lokal. Kementerian Dalam Negeri juga mengepalai Kepolisian Perbatasan dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gendarmerie_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gendarmerie (Bulgaria) (halaman belum tersedia)">Gendarmerie Nasional</a>, cabang khusus untuk kegiatan anti-terorisme, pengelolaan krisis dan pengendalian kekacauan. Pada 2008, Lembaga Negara untuk Keamanan Nasional, badan khusus untuk kontraintelijen, didirikan bertujuan untuk menghilangkan ancaman keamanan nasional.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kepolisian Bulgaria berkekuatan 27.000 personel.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hubungan_luar_negeri">Hubungan luar negeri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Hubungan luar negeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hubungan luar negeri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_luar_negeri_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan luar negeri Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Hubungan luar negeri Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Bulgaria menjadi anggota <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a> pada 1955, dan anggota pendiri <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_untuk_Keamanan_dan_Kerjasama_di_Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerjasama di Eropa">OSCE</a> pada 1975. Sebagai Pihak Konsultatif bagi <a href="/wiki/Sistem_Traktat_Antarktika" title="Sistem Traktat Antarktika">Sistem Traktat Antarktika</a>, negara ini mengambil bagian dalam pengurusan wilayah yang terletak di selatan 60° LS.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulgaria menggabungi <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a> pada 29 Maret 2004, menandatangani Traktat Penyertaan 2005 <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> pada 25 April 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-nato_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nato-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ec_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ec-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan menjadi anggota penuh Uni Eropa pada 1 Januari 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada April 2006 Bulgaria dan <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> menandatangani perjanjian kerja sama pertahanan yang memungkinkan penggunaan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangkalan_Udara_Bezmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangkalan Udara Bezmer (halaman belum tersedia)">Pangkalan Udara Bezmer</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangkalan_Udara_Graf_Ignatievo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangkalan Udara Graf Ignatievo (halaman belum tersedia)">Graf Ignatievo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempat_Latihan_Militer_Novo_Selo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempat Latihan Militer Novo Selo (halaman belum tersedia)">Tempat Latihan Militer Novo Selo</a>, dan pusat logistik di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Logistik_Aytos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Logistik Aytos (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat Logistik Aytos</a> sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fasilitas_Militer_Bersama_Bulgaria-Amerika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fasilitas Militer Bersama Bulgaria-Amerika (halaman belum tersedia)">Fasilitas Militer Bersama Bulgaria-Amerika</a>. Majalah <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_(majalah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Policy (majalah)">Foreign Policy</a></i> menyebutkan bahwa Pangkalan Udara Bezmer sebagai salah satu dari enam fasilitas seberang lautan terpenting yang digunakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Amerika_Serikat" title="Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Militer">Militer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Militer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Militer"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Militer_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militer Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Militer Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:68thSFB_Paratroopers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/68thSFB_Paratroopers.jpg/220px-68thSFB_Paratroopers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/68thSFB_Paratroopers.jpg/330px-68thSFB_Paratroopers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/68thSFB_Paratroopers.jpg/440px-68thSFB_Paratroopers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1064" /></a><figcaption>Tentara terjun payung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brigade_Pasukan_Khusus_ke-68_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brigade Pasukan Khusus ke-68 (Bulgaria) (halaman belum tersedia)">Brigade Pasukan Khusus ke-68</a>, latihan <i>Musim Panas Trakia</i>, April 2010</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Militer_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militer Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Militer Bulgaria</a>, semuanya berupa badan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Militer_sukarela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Militer sukarela (halaman belum tersedia)">militer sukarela</a>, terdiri dari tiga cabang—<a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">angkatan darat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Laut_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Laut Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">angkatan laut</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Udara_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Udara Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">angkatan udara</a>. Sebagai anggota NATO, negara ini memelihara 776 serdadu yang ditugaskan di seluruh wilayah NATO.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menurut sejarahnya, Bulgaria menugaskan sejumlah personel militer dan penasihat sipil yang signifikan di negara-negara yang berorientasi sosialisme, seperti <a href="/wiki/Nikaragua" title="Nikaragua">Nikaragua</a><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> (lebih dari 9.000 personel).<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah serangkaian perampingan yang dimulakan pada 1990, tentara yang aktif kini kira-kira sejumlah 32.000,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> berkurang dari 152.000 personel pada 1988,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan didukung oleh tentara cadangan sebanyak 303.000 serdadu dan petugas dan serdadu <a href="/wiki/Paramiliter" title="Paramiliter">paramiliter</a>, sebanyak 34.000.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sistem persenjataan yang dimiliki terdiri dari peralatan impor dari Soviet yang berkemampuan tinggi, seperti pesawat tempur <a href="/wiki/MiG-29" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG-29">MiG-29</a>, <a href="/wiki/S-300_(peluru_kendali)" class="mw-redirect" title="S-300 (peluru kendali)">SA-10 Grumble</a> SAM dan <a href="/wiki/OTR-21_Tochka" title="OTR-21 Tochka">SS-21 Scarab</a>, yakni peluru kendali balistik berjangkauan-pendek. Belanja militer pada 2009 sebesar $1,19 miliar.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pembagian_administratif">Pembagian administratif</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Pembagian administratif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembagian administratif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Daftar_provinsi_di_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar provinsi di Bulgaria">Daftar provinsi di Bulgaria</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_munisipalitas_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar munisipalitas di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar munisipalitas di Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Di antara tahun 1987 dan 1999 Bulgaria terdiri dari 9 provinsi (<i><a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblast</a></i>); sejak tahun 1999, menjadi 28. Semuanya mengambil nama dari masing-masing ibu kotanya: </p> <div role="img" class="floatright noresize" style="width: 548px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bulgaria_Provinces_Map_Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Bulgaria_Provinces_Map_Blank.png" decoding="async" width="548" height="360" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="357" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:67.98px; top:256.136px"><b><a href="/wiki/Blagoevgrad" title="Blagoevgrad"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:450.484px; top:193.664px"><b><a href="/wiki/Burgas" title="Burgas"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:473.5px; top:71.46px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dobrich" title="Dobrich"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:262.52px; top:158.044px"><b><a href="/wiki/Gabrovo" title="Gabrovo"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:282.796px; top:267.096px"><b><a href="/wiki/Haskovo" title="Haskovo"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:267.452px; top:302.716px"><b><a href="/wiki/Kardzhali" title="Kardzhali"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:33.456px; top:225.996px"><b><a href="/wiki/Kyustendil" title="Kyustendil"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:207.72px; top:125.164px"><b><a href="/wiki/Lovech" title="Lovech"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:80.036px; top:96.12px"><b><a href="/wiki/Montana,_Bulgaria" title="Montana, Bulgaria"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:200.596px; top:94.476px"><b><a href="/wiki/Pleven" title="Pleven"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:176.484px; top:237.504px"><b><a href="/wiki/Pazardzhik" title="Pazardzhik"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:213.2px; top:244.08px"><b><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:363.9px; top:81.324px"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgrad (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:314.58px; top:44.06px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ruse" title="Ruse"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:398.424px; top:107.08px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shumen" title="Shumen"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:425.276px; top:6.796px"><b><a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:348.556px; top:179.964px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sliven" title="Sliven"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:210.46px; top:309.84px"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smolyan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:80.036px; top:183.8px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">SOFIA</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:286.084px; top:209.556px"><b><a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora" title="Stara Zagora"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:368.284px; top:112.012px"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Targovishte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Targovishte (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:487.2px; top:112.56px"><b><a href="/wiki/Varna" title="Varna"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:287.18px; top:134.48px"><b><a href="/wiki/Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Veliko Tarnovo"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:107.984px; top:119.684px"><b><a href="/wiki/Vratsa" title="Vratsa"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:53.184px; top:28.168px"><b><a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:364.448px; top:200.24px"><b><a href="/wiki/Yambol" title="Yambol"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:65.788px; top:188.184px"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pernik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pernik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span></a></b></div> <p><br /> </p> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:76.2px; top:293.4px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Blagoevgrad" title="Provinsi Blagoevgrad">Blagoevgrad</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:413.22px; top:189.28px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Burgas" title="Provinsi Burgas">Burgas</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:465.28px; top:57.76px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Dobrich" title="Provinsi Dobrich">Dobrich</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:235.12px; top:148.18px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Gabrovo" title="Provinsi Gabrovo">Gabrovo</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:298.14px; top:276.96px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Haskovo" title="Provinsi Haskovo">Haskovo</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:259.78px; top:312.58px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kardzhali" title="Provinsi Kardzhali">Kardzhali</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:35.1px; top:233.12px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kyustendil" title="Provinsi Kyustendil">Kyustendil</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:177.58px; top:139.96px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Lovech" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Lovech">Lovech</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:59.76px; top:87.9px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Montana" title="Provinsi Montana">Montana</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:139.22px; top:249.56px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Pazardzhik" title="Provinsi Pazardzhik">Pazardzhik</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:46.06px; top:200.24px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Pernik" title="Provinsi Pernik">Pernik</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:188.54px; top:85.16px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Pleven" title="Provinsi Pleven">Pleven</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:202.24px; top:227.64px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Plovdiv" title="Provinsi Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:352.94px; top:72.556px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Razgrad" title="Provinsi Razgrad">Razgrad</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:311.84px; top:57.76px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Ruse" title="Provinsi Ruse">Ruse</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:391.3px; top:96.12px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Shumen" title="Provinsi Shumen">Shumen</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:394.04px; top:30.36px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Silistra" title="Provinsi Silistra">Silistra</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:322.8px; top:189.28px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Sliven" title="Provinsi Sliven">Sliven</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:180.32px; top:298.88px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Smolyan" title="Provinsi Smolyan">Smolyan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:128.26px; top:175.58px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Sofia" title="Provinsi Sofia">Sofia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:257.04px; top:222.16px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Stara_Zagora" title="Provinsi Stara Zagora">Stara Zagora</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:331.02px; top:118.04px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Targovishte" title="Provinsi Targovishte">Targovishte</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:446.1px; top:112.56px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Varna" title="Provinsi Varna">Varna</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:257.04px; top:120.78px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Provinsi Veliko Tarnovo">Veliko Tarnovo</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:29.62px; top:55.02px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Vidin" title="Provinsi Vidin">Vidin</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:114.56px; top:96.12px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Vratsa" title="Provinsi Vratsa">Vratsa</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:358.968px; top:222.16px"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Yambol" title="Provinsi Yambol">Yambol</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:489.94px; top:200.24px"><i><a href="/wiki/Laut_Hitam" title="Laut Hitam"><span style="color: #3399cc;">Laut Hitam</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:262.52px; top:52.28px"><i><a href="/wiki/Donau" class="mw-redirect" title="Donau"><span style="color: #3399cc;">Donau</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:4.96px; top:287.92px"><i><a href="/wiki/FYROM" class="mw-redirect" title="FYROM"><span style="color: #a6997b;">F.Y.R.O.M.</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:152.92px; top:339.98px"><i><a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani"><span style="color: #a6997b;">Yunani</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:180.32px; top:22.14px"><i><a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania"><span style="color: #a6997b;">Rumania</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:13.18px; top:129px"><i><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><span style="color: #a6997b;">Serbia</span></a></i></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:415.96px; top:312.58px"><i><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki"><span style="color: #a6997b;">Turki</span></a></i></div> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Lambang </th> <th scope="col">Provinsi </th> <th scope="col">Lambang </th> <th scope="col">Provinsi </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem_of_Blagoevgrad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Emblem_of_Blagoevgrad.svg/18px-Emblem_of_Blagoevgrad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Emblem_of_Blagoevgrad.svg/27px-Emblem_of_Blagoevgrad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Emblem_of_Blagoevgrad.svg/36px-Emblem_of_Blagoevgrad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="813" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Blagoevgrad" title="Provinsi Blagoevgrad">Blagoevgrad</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rousse-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rousse-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Rousse-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rousse-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Rousse-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Rousse-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Rousse-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Ruse" title="Provinsi Ruse">Rousse</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Burgas-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Burgas-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Burgas-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Burgas-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Burgas-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Burgas-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Burgas-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="299" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Burgas" title="Provinsi Burgas">Burgas</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem_of_Shumen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Emblem_of_Shumen.png/18px-Emblem_of_Shumen.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Emblem_of_Shumen.png/27px-Emblem_of_Shumen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Emblem_of_Shumen.png/36px-Emblem_of_Shumen.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="417" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Shumen" title="Provinsi Shumen">Shumen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Dobrich-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Dobrich-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Dobrich-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Dobrich-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Dobrich-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Dobrich-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Dobrich-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Dobrich" title="Provinsi Dobrich">Dobrich</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Silistra_Coat_of_Arms.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Silistra_Coat_of_Arms.gif/18px-Silistra_Coat_of_Arms.gif" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Silistra_Coat_of_Arms.gif/27px-Silistra_Coat_of_Arms.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Silistra_Coat_of_Arms.gif/36px-Silistra_Coat_of_Arms.gif 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="104" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Silistra" title="Provinsi Silistra">Silistra</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:BG_Gabrovo_coa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BG_Gabrovo_coa.svg/18px-BG_Gabrovo_coa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BG_Gabrovo_coa.svg/27px-BG_Gabrovo_coa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/BG_Gabrovo_coa.svg/36px-BG_Gabrovo_coa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Gabrovo" title="Provinsi Gabrovo">Gabrovo</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:BUL_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_COA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/BUL_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_COA.png/18px-BUL_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_COA.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/BUL_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_COA.png/27px-BUL_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_COA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/BUL_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_COA.png/36px-BUL_%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_COA.png 2x" data-file-width="131" data-file-height="172" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Sliven" title="Provinsi Sliven">Sliven</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Haskovo-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Haskovo-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Haskovo-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Haskovo-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Haskovo-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Haskovo-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Haskovo-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Haskovo" title="Provinsi Haskovo">Haskovo</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Smolyan_Coat_of_Arms.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Smolyan_Coat_of_Arms.png/18px-Smolyan_Coat_of_Arms.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Smolyan_Coat_of_Arms.png/27px-Smolyan_Coat_of_Arms.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Smolyan_Coat_of_Arms.png/36px-Smolyan_Coat_of_Arms.png 2x" data-file-width="117" data-file-height="141" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Smolyan" title="Provinsi Smolyan">Smolyan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kardzhali-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kardzhali-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Kardzhali-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kardzhali-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Kardzhali-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Kardzhali-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Kardzhali-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="990" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kardzhali" title="Provinsi Kardzhali">Kardzhali</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:BG_Sofia_coa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BG_Sofia_coa.svg/18px-BG_Sofia_coa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BG_Sofia_coa.svg/27px-BG_Sofia_coa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BG_Sofia_coa.svg/36px-BG_Sofia_coa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="673" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Provinsi" title="Provinsi">provinsi</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan">metropolitan</a>)<br /> Bersama-sama kota itu sendiri, terdiri dari 3 kota-kecil dan 34 desa yang keseluruhannya 24 distrik.<sup id="cite_ref-District_Mayors_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-District_Mayors-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kyustendil-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Kyustendil-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Kyustendil-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Kyustendil-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Kyustendil-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Kyustendil-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Kyustendil-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Kyustendil" title="Provinsi Kyustendil">Kyustendil</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:BG_Sofia_coa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BG_Sofia_coa.svg/18px-BG_Sofia_coa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BG_Sofia_coa.svg/27px-BG_Sofia_coa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BG_Sofia_coa.svg/36px-BG_Sofia_coa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="673" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Sofia" title="Provinsi Sofia">Provinsi Sofia</a><br /> Provinsi pusat kecuali kawasan metropolitan dan permukiman yang mengitarinya </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lovech-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lovech-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Lovech-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lovech-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Lovech-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Lovech-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Lovech-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Lovech" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinsi Lovech">Lovech</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Stara-Zagora-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Stara-Zagora-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Stara-Zagora-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Stara-Zagora-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Stara-Zagora-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Stara-Zagora-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Stara-Zagora-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="673" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Stara_Zagora" title="Provinsi Stara Zagora">Stara Zagora</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Coat_of_Arms_of_Montana_(Bulgaria).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Coat_of_Arms_of_Montana_%28Bulgaria%29.png/18px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Montana_%28Bulgaria%29.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Coat_of_Arms_of_Montana_%28Bulgaria%29.png/27px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Montana_%28Bulgaria%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Coat_of_Arms_of_Montana_%28Bulgaria%29.png/36px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Montana_%28Bulgaria%29.png 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="831" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Montana" title="Provinsi Montana">Montana</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Gerba_targovishte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gerba_targovishte.jpg/18px-Gerba_targovishte.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gerba_targovishte.jpg/27px-Gerba_targovishte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gerba_targovishte.jpg/36px-Gerba_targovishte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="270" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Targovishte" title="Provinsi Targovishte">Targovishte</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem_of_Pazardzhik.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emblem_of_Pazardzhik.svg/18px-Emblem_of_Pazardzhik.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emblem_of_Pazardzhik.svg/27px-Emblem_of_Pazardzhik.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emblem_of_Pazardzhik.svg/36px-Emblem_of_Pazardzhik.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="990" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Pazardzhik" title="Provinsi Pazardzhik">Pazardzhik</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Varna" title="Provinsi Varna">Varna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pernik-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pernik-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Pernik-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pernik-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Pernik-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Pernik-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Pernik-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Pernik" title="Provinsi Pernik">Pernik</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Veliko-Tarnovo-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Veliko-Tarnovo-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Veliko-Tarnovo-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Veliko-Tarnovo-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Veliko-Tarnovo-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Veliko-Tarnovo-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Veliko-Tarnovo-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Provinsi Veliko Tarnovo">Veliko Tarnovo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pleven-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pleven-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Pleven-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pleven-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Pleven-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Pleven-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Pleven-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Pleven" title="Provinsi Pleven">Pleven</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Coat_of_arms_of_Vidin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Coat_of_arms_of_Vidin.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vidin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Coat_of_arms_of_Vidin.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vidin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Coat_of_arms_of_Vidin.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Vidin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="762" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Vidin" title="Provinsi Vidin">Vidin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Plovdiv-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Plovdiv-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Plovdiv-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Plovdiv-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Plovdiv-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Plovdiv-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Plovdiv-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="724" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Plovdiv" title="Provinsi Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Vratsa-coat-of-arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Vratsa-coat-of-arms.svg/18px-Vratsa-coat-of-arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Vratsa-coat-of-arms.svg/27px-Vratsa-coat-of-arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Vratsa-coat-of-arms.svg/36px-Vratsa-coat-of-arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Vratsa" title="Provinsi Vratsa">Vratsa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Emblem_of_Razgrad.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Emblem_of_Razgrad.png/18px-Emblem_of_Razgrad.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Emblem_of_Razgrad.png/27px-Emblem_of_Razgrad.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Emblem_of_Razgrad.png/36px-Emblem_of_Razgrad.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="810" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Razgrad" title="Provinsi Razgrad">Razgrad</a> </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Yambol_Coat_of_Arms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Yambol_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/18px-Yambol_Coat_of_Arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Yambol_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/27px-Yambol_Coat_of_Arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Yambol_Coat_of_Arms.jpg/36px-Yambol_Coat_of_Arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="336" /></a></span> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Yambol" title="Provinsi Yambol">Yambol</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Kesemua provinsi itu dibagi ke dalam 264 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_munisipalitas_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar munisipalitas di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">munisipalitas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Ekonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ekonomi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekonomi Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Downtown_Sofia_Boby_Dimitrov_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Downtown_Sofia_Boby_Dimitrov_1.jpg/220px-Downtown_Sofia_Boby_Dimitrov_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Downtown_Sofia_Boby_Dimitrov_1.jpg/330px-Downtown_Sofia_Boby_Dimitrov_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Downtown_Sofia_Boby_Dimitrov_1.jpg/440px-Downtown_Sofia_Boby_Dimitrov_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, pusat keuangan negara ini</figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgaria memiliki <a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_pasar" title="Ekonomi pasar">ekonomi pasar</a> yang terbuka, dengan sektor swasta yang maju dan besar, dan sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Badan_Usaha_Milik_Negara" class="mw-redirect" title="Badan Usaha Milik Negara">Badan Usaha Milik Negara</a> yang strategis. <a href="/wiki/Bank_Dunia" title="Bank Dunia">Bank Dunia</a> mengelompokkannya sebagai "ekonomi berpendapatan menengah-atas".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulgaria telah mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cepat, kendati peringkat pendapatannya merupakan yang terkecil di Uni Eropa. Menurut data <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, PDB per kapita Bulgaria (atas dasar keseimbangan daya beli) sebesar 43 persen rata-rata Uni Eropa pada 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lev_Bulgaria" title="Lev Bulgaria">Lev Bulgaria</a> adalah satuan mata uang nasional Bulgaria pada saat ini. Lev dipatok terhadap <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> pada kisaran 1,95583 lev untuk 1 euro.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 2010, PDB (keseimbangan daya beli) diduga sebesar $ 96,778 miliar, dengan nilai per kapita sebesar $ 12.851.<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besaran sektor jasa kira-kira 64% dari PDB, diikuti oleh industri kira-kira 30% dan pertanian 6%. Bulgaria menghasilkan jumlah manufaktur dan bahan mentah yang signifikan seperti <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batu_bara" title="Batu bara">batu bara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elektronika" title="Elektronika">elektronika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilang_minyak" title="Kilang minyak">kilang minyak</a>, komponen <a href="/wiki/Kendaraan" title="Kendaraan">kendaraan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senjata_api" title="Senjata api">senjata api</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bangunan" title="Bahan bangunan">bahan bangunan</a>. Keseluruhan tenaga kerja kira-kira 3,2 juta orang.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejak krisis hiperinflasi pada 1996/1997, laju inflasi dan pengangguran masing-masing jatuh pada 7,2% dan 6,3%, pada 2008. Korupsi di bidang pelayanan umum dan peradilan yang lemah juga menghambat perkembangan ekonomi Bulgaria.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Kaliakra_wind_turbines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kaliakra_wind_turbines.jpg/170px-Kaliakra_wind_turbines.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kaliakra_wind_turbines.jpg/255px-Kaliakra_wind_turbines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Kaliakra_wind_turbines.jpg/340px-Kaliakra_wind_turbines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Turbin_angin" title="Turbin angin">Turbin angin</a> di dekat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliakra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaliakra (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaliakra</a>. Bulgaria menghasilkan 16% listriknya dari sumber-sumber energi terbarukan pada 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>Di tengah-tengah <a href="/wiki/Krisis_finansial_2007%E2%80%932010" class="mw-redirect" title="Krisis finansial 2007–2010">Krisis finansial 2007–2010</a>, laju pengangguran meningkat hingga 9,1% pada 2009, sedangkan PDB menurun dari 6,3% (2008) menjadi −4,9% (2009). Krisis tersebut berdampak buruk terutama pada industri, dengan penurunan 10% pada indeks produksi industri nasional, 31% penurunan dalam hal pertambangan, dan 60% penurunan dalam hal "produksi logam dan senyawa mengandung besi".<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dana_Moneter_Internasional" title="Dana Moneter Internasional">Dana Moneter Internasional</a> memperkirakan pertumbuhan ekonomi Bulgaria sebesar 0,2% pada 2010, dan 2% pada 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meskipun hanya punya sedikit cadangan bahan bakar fosil, sektor energi yang telah dikembangkan dengan baik dan lokasi geografis Bulgaria yang strategis membuatnya menjadi kunci energi bagi Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembangkit_Listrik_Tenaga_Nuklir_Kozloduy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir Kozloduy (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir Kozloduy</a> dengan dua reaktor aktif (masing-masing 1.000 megawatt) mampu memenuhi 34% kebutuhan energi negara ini,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan pembangkit listrik tenaga nuklir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembangkit_Listrik_Tenaga_Nuklir_Belene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir Belene (halaman belum tersedia)">lainnya</a> dengan projeksi kapasitas produksi sebesar 2.000 megawatt sedang dibangun. <a href="/wiki/Pembangkit_listrik_tenaga_uap" title="Pembangkit listrik tenaga uap">Pembangkit listrik tenaga uap</a>, seperti yang berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompleks_Maritsa_Iztok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompleks Maritsa Iztok (halaman belum tersedia)">Kompleks Maritsa Iztok</a>, juga memiliki produksi listrik berskala besar. Pada 2009 terjadi percepatan penaikan produksi listrik dari sumber-sumber terbarukan seperti angin dan matahari.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prospek berskala besar untuk pengembangan energi angin<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> telah memacu pembangunan beberapa ladang angin, menjadikan Bulgaria sebagai negara yang mengalami pertumbuhan tercepat di dunia dalam hal produksi energi angin.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Dobrudja.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dobrudja.JPG/220px-Dobrudja.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dobrudja.JPG/330px-Dobrudja.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dobrudja.JPG/440px-Dobrudja.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah ladang <a href="/wiki/Bunga_matahari" title="Bunga matahari">bunga matahari</a> di <a href="/wiki/Dobrogea" title="Dobrogea">Dobrogea</a>, salah satu kawasan tersubur di Bulgaria</figcaption></figure> <p>Industri pertambangan Bulgaria adalah penyumbang penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi negara ini dan mencapai $ 760 juta.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di Eropa, peringkat negara sebagai penghasil <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a> terbesar ke-3,<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> penghasil <a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">seng</a> terbesar ke-6,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> penghasil <a href="/wiki/Batu_bara" title="Batu bara">batu bara</a> terbesar ke-9,<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan penghasil <a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">bismut</a> terbesar ke-10 di dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pengolahan_logam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengolahan logam">Pengolahan logam</a> yang mengandung besi, di antaranya produksi <a href="/wiki/Baja" title="Baja">baja</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Besi_gubal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Besi gubal (halaman belum tersedia)">besi gubal</a>, terutama berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kremikovtsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kremikovtsi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kremikovtsi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pernik,_Bulgaria" title="Pernik, Bulgaria">Pernik</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Debelt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debelt (halaman belum tersedia)">Debelt</a>. </p><p>Kira-kira 14% dari keseluruhan produksi perindustrian yang berkaitan dengan mesin bangunan, dan 20% buruh dipekerjakan di bidang ini.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kebalikan dari sektor industri, pertanian di Bulgaria mengalami kemunduran sejak awal dasawarsa 2000-an, dengan produksi pertanian pada 2008 hanya sebanyak 66% dari yang dihasilkan pada 1999 dan 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secara keseluruhan, sektor pertanian Bulgaria menyusut sejak 1990, dengan sereal dan sayuran menurun hampir 40% pada 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Program pembangunan dan modernisasi lima tahunan diluncurkan pada 2007, bertujuan untuk menguatkan sektor ini dengan menanamkam modal sebesar 3,2 miliar euro.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banyaknya peralatan khusus mencapai 25.000 <a href="/wiki/Traktor" title="Traktor">traktor</a> dan 5.500 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alat_panen_kombinasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alat panen kombinasi (halaman belum tersedia)">alat panen kombinasi</a>, dengan beberapa pesawat terbang ringan.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bulgaria masih menjadi penghasil komoditas pertanian Eropa seperti <a href="/wiki/Tembakau" title="Tembakau">tembakau</a> (ke-3)<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raspberi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raspberi (halaman belum tersedia)">raspberi</a> (ke-12).<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pariwisata">Pariwisata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Pariwisata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pariwisata"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pariwisata_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pariwisata di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Pariwisata di Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Maliovitca_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Maliovitca_05.jpg/220px-Maliovitca_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Maliovitca_05.jpg/330px-Maliovitca_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Maliovitca_05.jpg/440px-Maliovitca_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Gunung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rila (halaman belum tersedia)">Rila</a> adalah salah satu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tujuan_wisata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tujuan wisata (halaman belum tersedia)">tujuan wisata</a> utama Bulgaria.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada 2008 Bulgaria dikunjungi oleh 8.900.000 wisatawan, dengan Yunani, Rumania, dan Jerman mencapai 40% dari keseluruhan wisatawan.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejumlah signifikan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Inggris">wisatawan Inggris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Rusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Belanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Belanda">Belanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Polandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Polandia">Polandia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Denmark">Denmark</a> juga mengunjungi Bulgaria. Pada 2010, <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a> menempatkannya di bawah posisi ke-5 pada daftar 10 teratas tujuan wisata pada 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:BDZ_Baureihe_9452.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BDZ_Baureihe_9452.JPG/220px-BDZ_Baureihe_9452.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BDZ_Baureihe_9452.JPG/330px-BDZ_Baureihe_9452.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BDZ_Baureihe_9452.JPG/440px-BDZ_Baureihe_9452.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1388" /></a><figcaption>Kereta <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a> di atas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rel_Kereta_Negara_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rel Kereta Negara Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Rel Kereta Negara Bulgaria</a>. Sistem angkutan tua Bulgaria secara bertahap dimutakhirkan.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Tujuan utama di antaranya ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, resor pantai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albena (halaman belum tersedia)">Albena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sozopol" title="Sozopol">Sozopol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesebar (halaman belum tersedia)">Nesebar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_Sands" title="Golden Sands">Golden Sands</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunny_Beach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sunny Beach (halaman belum tersedia)">Sunny Beach</a>; dan resor musim dingin seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamporovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamporovo (halaman belum tersedia)">Pamporovo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chepelare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chepelare (halaman belum tersedia)">Chepelare</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borovetz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borovetz (halaman belum tersedia)">Borovetz</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bansko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bansko (halaman belum tersedia)">Bansko</a>. Tujuan wisata perdesaan misalnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbanasi,_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbanasi, Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Arbanasi</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bozhentsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bozhentsi (halaman belum tersedia)">Bozhentsi</a> memberikan tradisi etnografik yang lestari. Daya tarik terkenal lainnya adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biara_Rila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biara Rila (halaman belum tersedia)">Biara Rila</a> dari abad ke-10 dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château (halaman belum tersedia)">château</a> <a href="/wiki/Euxinograd" title="Euxinograd">Euxinograd</a> dari abad ke-19. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastruktur">Infrastruktur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Infrastruktur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Infrastruktur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transportasi_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transportasi di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Transportasi di Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Bulgaria berdaulat di atas lokasi geografi yang unik dan strategis. Sejak zaman kuno, negara ini berperan sebagai persimpangan jalur utama antara Eropa, Asia, dan Afrika. Lima dari sepuluh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koridor_Eropa_Raya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koridor Eropa Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Koridor Eropa Raya</a> melalui wilayah ini. </p><p>Jejaring jalan nasional Bulgaria seluruhnya sepanjang 102.016 km, 93.855 km di antaranya dilapisi bahan pengeras. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_cepat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur cepat (halaman belum tersedia)">Jalur cepat</a>, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_cepat_Trakiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur cepat Trakiya (halaman belum tersedia)">Trakiya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_cepat_Hemus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur cepat Hemus (halaman belum tersedia)">Hemus</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jalur_cepat_Struma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jalur cepat Struma (halaman belum tersedia)">Struma</a>, seluruhnya berpanjang 441 km. Bulgaria juga punya jalur rel sepanjang 6.500 km, lebih dari 60%-nya berlistrik, dan berencana membangun rel <a href="/wiki/Kereta_kecepatan_tinggi" title="Kereta kecepatan tinggi">kereta kecepatan tinggi</a> pada 2017, seharga € 3 miliar.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sofia dan Plovdiv adalah pusat perjalanan udara, sedangkan Varna dan Burgas adalah pelabuhan perdagangan laut utama. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ilmu_pengetahuan_dan_teknologi">Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_pengetahuan_dan_teknologi_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rozhen_dome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rozhen_dome.jpg/220px-Rozhen_dome.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rozhen_dome.jpg/330px-Rozhen_dome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rozhen_dome.jpg/440px-Rozhen_dome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Menara teleskop 200 cm di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Observatorium_Rozhen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Observatorium Rozhen (halaman belum tersedia)">Observatorium Rozhen</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada 2008 Bulgaria menghabiskan 0,4% PDB-nya untuk penelitian ilmiah,<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang mewakili salah satu anggaran keilmuan terendah di Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-eurostat_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurostat-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Minimnya anggaran yang begitu kronis dalam bidang keilmuan sejak 1990 memaksa profesional keilmuan meninggalkan negara ini.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulgaria punya tradisi dalam hal astronomi, fisika, teknologi nuklir, medis, dan penelitian farmasi, dan memelihara program <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Antarktika" title="Sejarah Antarktika">penjelajahan Antarktika</a>, berupa sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_1300&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgaria 1300 (halaman belum tersedia)">satelit buatan</a> dan sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basis_St._Kliment_Ohridski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basis St. Kliment Ohridski (halaman belum tersedia)">basis penelitian permanen</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Ilmu_Pengetahuan_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Bulgaria</a> (BAS) adalah lembaga keilmuan tertinggi di negara ini dan membekerjakan sebagian besar peneliti Bulgaria di berbagai macam cabangnya. </p><p>Para ilmuwan Bulgaria telah membuat beberapa temuan yang berharga, seperti purwarupa jam digital (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Petroff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Petroff (halaman belum tersedia)">Peter Petroff</a>); <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galantamina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galantamina (halaman belum tersedia)">galantamina</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitar_Paskov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitar Paskov (halaman belum tersedia)">Dimitar Paskov</a>);<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> teori molekular-kinetik <a href="/wiki/Kristalisasi" title="Kristalisasi">pembentukan</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertumbuhan_kristal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertumbuhan kristal (halaman belum tersedia)">pertumbuhan kristal</a> (dirumuskan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Stranski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Stranski (halaman belum tersedia)">Ivan Stranski</a>) dan ruangan <a href="/wiki/Rumah_kaca" title="Rumah kaca">rumah kaca</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Badan_Antariksa_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Badan Antariksa Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Badan Antariksa Bulgaria</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dengan <a href="/wiki/Mayor_jenderal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor jenderal">mayor jenderal</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgi_Ivanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgi Ivanov (halaman belum tersedia)">Georgi Ivanov</a> yang terbang bersama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz 33 (halaman belum tersedia)">Soyuz 33</a> pada 1979, Bulgaria menjadi negara ke-6 di dunia yang memiliki astronaut di antariksa.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karena besarnya volume ekspor teknologi komputasi ke negara-negara <a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a>, pada dasawarsa 1980-an Bulgaria menjadi terkenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a>-nya <a href="/wiki/Blok_Timur" title="Blok Timur">Blok Timur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negara ini menduduki peringkat ke-8 di dunia pada 2002 menurut banyaknya pakar <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_informasi" title="Teknologi informasi">teknologi informasi dan komunikasi</a>, mengungguli negara-negara yang berpenduduk jauh lebih besar,<sup id="cite_ref-outsourcingmonitor.eu_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-outsourcingmonitor.eu-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan Bulgaria adalah satu-satunya operator adikomputer di kawasan Balkan,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sebuah IBM <a href="/wiki/Blue_Gene" title="Blue Gene">Blue Gene</a>/P, mulai beroperasi pada September 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografi">Demografi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Demografi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Demografi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografi_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografi Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Demografi Bulgaria</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agama_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agama di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Agama di Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bulgaria-demography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bulgaria-demography.png/220px-Bulgaria-demography.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bulgaria-demography.png/330px-Bulgaria-demography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Bulgaria-demography.png/440px-Bulgaria-demography.png 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Perubahan demografi dari 1961 sampai 2009. Grafik menunjukkan penurunan demografi yang tajam yang terjadi sejak 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>Lembaga Statistik Nasional Bulgaria memperkirakan populasi negara ini pada Februari 2011 sebanyak 7.551.234 jiwa (Sensus 2011). Menurut <a href="/wiki/Sensus" title="Sensus">sensus</a> 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulgaria terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Bulgaria">etnis Bulgaria</a> (85,9%), dengan dua minoritas penting, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Turki">Turki</a> (9,1%), dan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Rom" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Rom">Rom</a> (4%).<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sisanya 1%, 0,9% terdiri dari 40 minoritas yang lebih kecil, sedangkan 0,1% populasi tidak menyebutkan etnisitas mereka dengan pasti. </p><p>Bulgaria merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki laju pertumbuhan penduduk terendah di dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang negatif terjadi sejak awal dasawarsa 1990-an,<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> karena keruntuhan ekonomi, angka kelahiran yang rendah, dan emigrasi yang tinggi. Pada 1989 populasi terhitung sebanyak 9.009.018 jiwa, secara bertahap berkurang menjadi 7.950.000 jiwa pada 2001 dan menjadi 7.528.000 jiwa pada 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-nsi2_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsi2-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sekira 6.850.000 jiwa (~87%) dapat berbicara <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bulgaria" title="Bahasa Bulgaria">Bahasa Bulgaria</a> sebagai bahasa ibu mereka,<sup id="cite_ref-culturalpolicies.net_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culturalpolicies.net-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yang merupakan bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Slavia_Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Slavia Selatan">Bahasa Slavia Selatan</a> dan merupakan satu-satunya bahasa resmi negara ini. </p><p>Sebagian besar orang Bulgaria (83,6%), sekurang-kurangnya secara nominal, merupakan umat <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Bulgaria" title="Gereja Ortodoks Bulgaria">Gereja Ortodoks Bulgaria</a>, yang memperoleh status <a href="/wiki/Autosefalus" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosefalus">autosefalus</a> pada 927 M<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan merupakan Gereja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortodoks_Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortodoks Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Ortodoks Slavia</a> tertua.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denominasi keagamaan lainnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (12,2%), bermacam-macam denominasi <a href="/wiki/Protestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestan">Protestan</a> (0,8%); dan <a href="/wiki/Katolik_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolik Roma">Katolik Roma</a> (0,5%); dengan denominasi Kristen lainnya (0,2%), dan "lain-lain" semuanya hampir 4%, menurut sensus 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulgaria memandang negaranya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Negara_sekuler" title="Negara sekuler">negara sekuler</a>. Konstitusi menjamin kebebasan menjalankan agama, tetapi menunjuk Kristen Ortodoks sebagai agama "tradisional".<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Pendidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pendidikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendidikan_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendidikan di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Pendidikan di Bulgaria</a></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kementerian_Pendidikan,_Pemuda,_dan_Ilmu_Pengetahuan_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kementerian Pendidikan, Pemuda, dan Ilmu Pengetahuan (Bulgaria) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kementerian Pendidikan, Pemuda, dan Ilmu Pengetahuan</a> mengawasi pendidikan di Bulgaria. Semua anak berumur antara 7 sampai 16 tahun harus mengikuti pendidikan penuh-waktu. Anak-anak berumur 6 tahun dapat didaftarkan ke sekolah atas dasar kebijakan orang tua masing-masing. Negara memberikan pendidikan di sekolah-sekolah, tanpa memungut biaya, kecuali untuk lembaga pendidikan tinggi, setara universitas. Kurikulum berfokus pada delapan bidang:<sup id="cite_ref-lcweb2.loc.gov_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Bulgaria" title="Bahasa Bulgaria">Bahasa Bulgaria</a> dan kesusasteraan, bahasa asing, <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_informasi" title="Teknologi informasi">teknologi informasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_sosial" title="Ilmu sosial">ilmu sosial</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kemanusiaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemanusiaan">kemanusiaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_alam" title="Ilmu alam">ilmu alam</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">ekologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musik" title="Musik">musik</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Seni" title="Seni">seni</a>, pendidikan jasmani dan <a href="/wiki/Olahraga" title="Olahraga">olahraga</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:SofiaUni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SofiaUni.jpg/220px-SofiaUni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SofiaUni.jpg/330px-SofiaUni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/SofiaUni.jpg/440px-SofiaUni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="989" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Rektorat <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Sofia" title="Universitas Sofia">Universitas Sofia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Pemerintah memperkirakan angka <a href="/wiki/Melek_aksara" title="Melek aksara">melek aksara</a> sebesar 98,6% pada 2003, hampir seimbang dari tiap-tiap jenis kelamin. Bulgaria secara turun-temurun memiliki standar pendidikan yang tinggi,<sup id="cite_ref-lcweb2.loc.gov_152-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan para siswanya menduduki peringkat tertinggi kedua di dunia dalam hal skor rerata Uji Nalar <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> dan skor uji I.Q. menurut MENSA International.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kesehatan">Kesehatan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Kesehatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kesehatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesehatan_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesehatan di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesehatan di Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Bulgaria memiliki sistem perawatan kesehatan yang universal, sebagian besarnya didanai oleh negara. Dana Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (NHIF) membayar porsi biaya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perawatan_kesehatan_primer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perawatan kesehatan primer (halaman belum tersedia)">perawatan kesehatan primer</a> yang senantiasa menaik. Perusahaan dan karyawan membayar persentase <a href="/wiki/Gaji" title="Gaji">gaji</a> wajib yang senantiasa bertambah, dengan tujuan mengurangi dukungan negara terhadap perawatan kesehatan secara bertahap. Antara tahun 2002 dan 2004, pengeluaran untuk perawatan kesehatan dalam anggaran nasional bertambah dari 3,8% menjadi 4,3%, dengan akuntansi NHIF yang melebihi 60% pengeluaran tahunan.<sup id="cite_ref-cp_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada 2010, jumlah anggaran untuk perawatan kesehatan adalah 4,2% dari PDB, atau sekira 1,3 miliar euro.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulgaria punya 181 dokter per 100.000 penduduk, yakni di atas rerata Uni Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa dari fasilitas medis terbesar Bulgaria adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumah_Sakit_Pirogov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumah Sakit Pirogov (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumah Sakit Pirogov</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akademi_Medis_Militer_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akademi Medis Militer (Bulgaria) (halaman belum tersedia)">Akademi Medis Militer di Sofia</a>. Angka harapan hidup adalah 73,4 tahun, yakni di bawah rerata Uni Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanisasi">Urbanisasi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Urbanisasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Urbanisasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kota_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kota di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar kota di Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Sebagian besar populasi (72,9%) menetap di kawasan perkotaan.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berikut ini adalah 12 kota berpenduduk terbanyak di Bulgaria:<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="toccolours" width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="margin:1 1 1em 1em; clear:right; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="1" align="left" style="background:#CCCCFF; padding:0 10px"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Daftar_kota_besar" title="Templat:Daftar kota besar"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Daftar_kota_besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Daftar kota besar (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Daftar_kota_besar&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th> <th colspan="8" align="left" style="background:#CCCCFF; padding-left:10px; font-size:100%"><div class="center">Kota-kota besar di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a></div> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <th width="2%" style="background:white; text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid gray">  </th> <th width="16%" style="background:white; text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid gray">Kota </th> <th width="16%" style="background:white; text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid gray">Provinsi </th> <th width="10%" style="background:white; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid gray">Populasi </th> <th width="15%" style="background:white; text-align:left">  </th> <th width="2%" style="background:white; text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid gray">  </th> <th width="16%" style="background:white; text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid gray">Kota </th> <th width="16%" style="background:white; text-align:left; border-bottom:1px solid gray">Provinsi </th> <th width="10%" style="background:white; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid gray">Populasi </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">1 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></span> </td> <td>1,270,284 </td> <th align="center" rowspan="10" style="background:white; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid gray; border-right:1px solid gray; border-left:1px solid gray"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bulevard_Cherni_Vruh_06_-_Sofia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sofia"><img alt="Sofia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bulevard_Cherni_Vruh_06_-_Sofia.jpg/150px-Bulevard_Cherni_Vruh_06_-_Sofia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bulevard_Cherni_Vruh_06_-_Sofia.jpg/225px-Bulevard_Cherni_Vruh_06_-_Sofia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Bulevard_Cherni_Vruh_06_-_Sofia.jpg/300px-Bulevard_Cherni_Vruh_06_-_Sofia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a> </th> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">7 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Pleven" title="Pleven">Pleven</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Pleven" title="Provinsi Pleven">Pleven</a></span> </td> <td>106,011 </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">2 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Plovdiv" title="Provinsi Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></span> </td> <td>331,796 </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">8 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sliven" title="Sliven">Sliven</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Sliven" title="Provinsi Sliven">Sliven</a></span> </td> <td>89,848 </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">3 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Varna" title="Varna">Varna</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Varna" title="Provinsi Varna">Varna</a></span> </td> <td>330,486 </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">9 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dobrich" title="Dobrich">Dobrich</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Dobrich" title="Provinsi Dobrich">Dobrich</a></span> </td> <td>89,472 </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">4 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Burgas" title="Burgas">Burgas</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Burgas" title="Provinsi Burgas">Burgas</a></span> </td> <td>197,301 </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">10 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shumen" title="Shumen">Shumen</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Shumen" title="Provinsi Shumen">Shumen</a></span> </td> <td>82,557 </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">5 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ruse" title="Ruse">Ruse</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Ruse" title="Provinsi Ruse">Ruse</a></span> </td> <td>146,609 </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">11 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Pernik,_Bulgaria" title="Pernik, Bulgaria">Pernik</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Pernik" title="Provinsi Pernik">Pernik</a></span> </td> <td>81,052 </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:95%"> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">6 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora" title="Stara Zagora">Stara Zagora</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Stara_Zagora" title="Provinsi Stara Zagora">Stara Zagora</a></span> </td> <td>136,363 </td> <td style="background:#f0f0f0; border:1px solid white">12 </td> <td align="left" style="padding-left:5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Haskovo" title="Haskovo">Haskovo</a></b> </td> <td align="left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinsi_Haskovo" title="Provinsi Haskovo">Haskovo</a></span> </td> <td>74,843 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11" align="left" style="border-top:1px solid white; border-bottom:1px solid white; background:#E6E6FA;"><b>Sumber:</b> Kepala Pelayanan Administratif dan Kependudukan </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agama">Agama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Agama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Agama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebagian besar populasi Bulgaria merupakan umat <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Bulgaria" title="Gereja Ortodoks Bulgaria">Gereja Ortodoks Bulgaria</a> yang menganut agama <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Ortodoks_Timur" title="Gereja Ortodoks Timur">Gereja Ortodoks Timur</a> dengan 59.4% dari total populasi Bulgaria yang menganut agama tersebut pada sensus tahun 2011. <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> merupakan agama kedua terbesar dengan 7.8% dari populasinya menganut agama tersebut. Sisanya (1.7%) menganut agama lain (termasuk <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Katolik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen Katolik">Kristen Katolik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Protestan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen Protestan">Kristen Protestan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Apostolik_Armenia" title="Gereja Apostolik Armenia">Gereja Apostolik Armenia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Yudaisme" title="Yudaisme">Yudaisme</a>), dan 31.1% dari populasi Bulgaria tidak beragama atau tidak ditentukan.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gereja Ortodoks Bulgaria merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Ortodoks_Slavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Ortodoks Slavia (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Ortodoks Slavia</a> tertua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Budaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Budaya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Budaya_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Budaya Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Budaya Bulgaria</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Bulgaria" title="Daftar tokoh Bulgaria">Daftar tokoh Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Blue_house-Koprivshtitsa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blue_house-Koprivshtitsa.JPG/220px-Blue_house-Koprivshtitsa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blue_house-Koprivshtitsa.JPG/330px-Blue_house-Koprivshtitsa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Blue_house-Koprivshtitsa.JPG/440px-Blue_house-Koprivshtitsa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Arsitektur tradisional di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koprivshtitsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koprivshtitsa (halaman belum tersedia)">Koprivshtitsa</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kebudayaan Bulgaria tradisional terutama warisan <a href="/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia">Trakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Slavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Slavia">Slavia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bulgar" title="Bulgar">Bulgar</a>, bersama-sama dengan <a href="/wiki/Yunani_Kuno" title="Yunani Kuno">Yunani Kuno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romawi_Kuno" title="Romawi Kuno">Romawi Kuno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Utsmaniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah">Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah</a>, dan pengaruh <a href="/wiki/Keltik" class="mw-redirect" title="Keltik">Keltik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artefak-artefak Trakia di antaranya beberapa situs kuburan dan harta karun emas. Wilayah negara ini meliputi bagian-bagian provinsi Romawi, yakni <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia">Trakia</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Makedonia_(provinsi_Romawi)" title="Makedonia (provinsi Romawi)">Makedonia</a>, dan banyak temuan arkeologis yang berasal dari zaman Romawi, sementara Bulgar kuno juga meninggalkan jejak bagi warisan mereka dalam hal musik dan arsitektur kuno. Baik Kekaisaran Bulgaria Pertama maupun Kekaisaran Bulgaria Kedua berfungsi sebagai pusat bagi <a href="/wiki/Budaya_Slavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Budaya Slavia">budaya Slavia</a>, sebagian besarnya pada Zaman Pertengahan, memberikan pengaruh kesusasteraan dan budaya yang kuat bagi dunia Slavia Ortodox Timur melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_Kesusasteraan_Preslav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah Kesusasteraan Preslav (halaman belum tersedia)">Preslav</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekolah_Kesusasteraan_Ohrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekolah Kesusasteraan Ohrid (halaman belum tersedia)">Ohrid</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alfabet_Kiril" title="Alfabet Kiril">Alfabet Kiril</a>, digunakan sebagai sistem penulisan pada berbagai bahasa di Eropa Timur dan Asia, dirintis di bekas wilayah itu kira-kira pada abad ke-9 M.<sup id="cite_ref-Paul_Cubberley_1996_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paul_Cubberley_1996-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Theater_Plovdiv.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Theater_Plovdiv.JPG/220px-Theater_Plovdiv.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Theater_Plovdiv.JPG/330px-Theater_Plovdiv.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Theater_Plovdiv.JPG/440px-Theater_Plovdiv.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arsitektur_Romawi_Kuno" title="Arsitektur Romawi Kuno">Arsitektur Romawi Kuno</a> di <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>, kota tertua di Eropa<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan permukiman tertua ke-6 di dunia, secara terus menerus dihuni sejak sekurang-kurangnya pada 3000 SM.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Salah satu artefak bersejarah yang cukup penting adalah harta karun <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a> tertua di dunia hasil olahan manusia, berasal dari milenium ke-5 SM, berada di situs <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varna_Nekropolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varna Nekropolis (halaman belum tersedia)">Varna Nekropolis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Situs_warisan_dunia">Situs warisan dunia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Situs warisan dunia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Situs warisan dunia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Situs_Warisan_Dunia_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar Situs Warisan Dunia di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar Situs Warisan Dunia di Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Bulgaria memiliki sembilan <a href="/wiki/Situs_Warisan_Dunia_UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO">Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penunggang_Madara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penunggang Madara (halaman belum tersedia)">Penunggang Madara</a>, kuburan Trakia di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuburan_Trakia_Sveshtari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuburan Trakia Sveshtari (halaman belum tersedia)">Sveshtari</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuburan_Trakia_Kazanlak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuburan Trakia Kazanlak (halaman belum tersedia)">Kazanlak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Boyana" title="Gereja Boyana">Gereja Boyana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biara_Rila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biara Rila (halaman belum tersedia)">Biara Rila</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gereja_Pahatan_Cadas_Ivanovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gereja Pahatan Cadas Ivanovo (halaman belum tersedia)">Gereja Pahatan Cadas Ivanovo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taman_Nasional_Pirin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taman Nasional Pirin (halaman belum tersedia)">Taman Nasional Pirin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cagar_Alam_Srebarna" title="Cagar Alam Srebarna">Cagar Alam Srebarna</a>, dan kota kuno <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesebar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesebar (halaman belum tersedia)">Nesebar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kesenian,_musik,_dan_kesusasteraan"><span id="Kesenian.2C_musik.2C_dan_kesusasteraan"></span>Kesenian, musik, dan kesusasteraan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Sunting bagian: Kesenian, musik, dan kesusasteraan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kesenian, musik, dan kesusasteraan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_seniman_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar seniman Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar seniman Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musik_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musik Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Musik Bulgaria</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesusasteraan_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesusasteraan Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Kesusasteraan Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Negara ini punya tradisi musik yang panjang, dapat ditelusuri hingga sedini <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Pertengahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman Pertengahan">Zaman Pertengahan</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kukuzelis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kukuzelis (halaman belum tersedia)">John Kukuzelis</a> (kira-kira 1280–1360) menjadi salah seorang komposer terdini yang diketahui dari <a href="/wiki/Eropa_Pertengahan" class="mw-redirect" title="Eropa Pertengahan">Eropa Pertengahan</a>. Musik rakyat nasional punya suara yang berbeda dan menggunakan alat musik tradisional beroktaf lebar, semisal <a href="/wiki/Gadulka" title="Gadulka">gadulka</a> (гъдулка), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaida (halaman belum tersedia)">gaida</a> (гайда)—<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagpipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagpipe (halaman belum tersedia)">bagpipe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaval" title="Kaval">kaval</a> (кавал), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Davul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Davul (halaman belum tersedia)">davul</a> (тъпан). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paduan_Suara_Wanita_Televisi_Negara_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paduan Suara Wanita Televisi Negara Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Paduan Suara Wanita Televisi Negara</a> terkenal akan penampilan paduan suara rakyat, dan menerima <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Grammy" title="Penghargaan Grammy">Penghargaan Grammy</a> pada 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Musik klasik Bulgaria diwakili oleh komposer seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuil_Manolov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emanuil Manolov (halaman belum tersedia)">Emanuil Manolov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pancho_Vladigerov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pancho Vladigerov (halaman belum tersedia)">Pancho Vladigerov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marin_Goleminov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marin Goleminov (halaman belum tersedia)">Marin Goleminov</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgi_Atanasov_(komposer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgi Atanasov (komposer) (halaman belum tersedia)">Georgi Atanasov</a>, penyanyi opera <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghena_Dimitrova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghena Dimitrova (halaman belum tersedia)">Ghena Dimitrova</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boris_Christoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boris Christoff (halaman belum tersedia)">Boris Christoff</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Raina_Kabaivanska" title="Raina Kabaivanska">Raina Kabaivanska</a>, dan pianis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexis_Weissenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexis Weissenberg (halaman belum tersedia)">Alexis Weissenberg</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vesselin_Stanev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vesselin Stanev (halaman belum tersedia)">Vesselin Stanev</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Peio_Yavorov.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Peio_Yavorov.jpeg/170px-Peio_Yavorov.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Peio_Yavorov.jpeg/255px-Peio_Yavorov.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Peio_Yavorov.jpeg/340px-Peio_Yavorov.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="912" /></a><figcaption>Pujangga simbolis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peyo_Yavorov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peyo Yavorov (halaman belum tersedia)">Peyo Yavorov</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bulgaria memiliki warisan seni rupa religius, terkhusus dalam <a href="/wiki/Fresko" title="Fresko">fresko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">mural</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Ikon" class="mw-disambig" title="Ikon">ikon</a>, banyak di antaranya dihasilkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lukisan_Sekolah_Artistik_Tarnovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lukisan Sekolah Artistik Tarnovo (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekolah Artistik Tarnovo</a> dari zaman pertengahan.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salah satu lembaran terdini kesusasteraan Slavia dihasilkan di Bulgaria Pertengahan, seperti <i>Injil Didaktik</i> karya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_dari_Preslav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantin dari Preslav (halaman belum tersedia)">Konstantin dari Preslav</a> dan <i>Sebundel Surat</i> karya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chernorizets_Hrabar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chernorizets Hrabar (halaman belum tersedia)">Chernorizets Hrabar</a>, kedua-duanya ditulis kira-kira pada 893. Penulis Bulgaria yang terkenal di antaranya <a href="/wiki/Romantisisme" title="Romantisisme">Romantis</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Vazov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Vazov (halaman belum tersedia)">Ivan Vazov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simbolisme_(seni)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbolisme (seni)">Simbolis</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pencho_Slaveykov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pencho Slaveykov (halaman belum tersedia)">Pencho Slaveykov</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peyo_Yavorov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peyo Yavorov (halaman belum tersedia)">Peyo Yavorov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekspresionisme" title="Ekspresionisme">Ekspresionis</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geo_Milev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geo Milev (halaman belum tersedia)">Geo Milev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiksi_ilmiah" title="Fiksi ilmiah">fiksi ilmiah</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavel_Vezhinov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavel Vezhinov (halaman belum tersedia)">Pavel Vezhinov</a>, novelis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitar_Dimov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitar Dimov (halaman belum tersedia)">Dimitar Dimov</a>, dan postmodernis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alek_Popov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alek Popov (halaman belum tersedia)">Alek Popov</a>, sangat dikenal melalui novelnya <i>Mission London</i> dan ceritanya yang diangkat ke layar lebar.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penulis berbahasa Jerman <a href="/wiki/Elias_Canetti" title="Elias Canetti">Elias Canetti</a> adalah <a href="/wiki/Daftar_penerima_Nobel_menurut_negara" title="Daftar penerima Nobel menurut negara">satu-satunya orang Bulgaria</a> yang memenangi <a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadiah Nobel">Hadiah Nobel</a> (Literature, 1981).<sup id="cite_ref-litenc_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-litenc-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Sunting bagian: Media" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Media"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telekomunikasi_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telekomunikasi di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Telekomunikasi di Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Spirit_of_Burgas_Sisters_of_Mersy_Perroto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Spirit_of_Burgas_Sisters_of_Mersy_Perroto.jpg/220px-Spirit_of_Burgas_Sisters_of_Mersy_Perroto.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Spirit_of_Burgas_Sisters_of_Mersy_Perroto.jpg/330px-Spirit_of_Burgas_Sisters_of_Mersy_Perroto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Spirit_of_Burgas_Sisters_of_Mersy_Perroto.jpg/440px-Spirit_of_Burgas_Sisters_of_Mersy_Perroto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah penampilan di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spirit_of_Burgas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spirit of Burgas (halaman belum tersedia)">Spirit of Burgas</a>, salah satu festival musik musim panas terkemuka di Eropa.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><p> Media di Bulgaria memiliki catatan laporan yang tak-bias.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media cetak tidak memiliki batasan hukum dan penerbitan surat kabar sepenuhnya liberal.<sup id="cite_ref-landscape_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landscape-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kebebasan pers yang ekstensif berarti bahwa jumlah penerbitan yang didirikan tidaklah dibatasi, kendati beberapa penelitian menaksir kira-kira ada 900 media cetak pada 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-landscape_172-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landscape-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surat kabar harian dengan sirkulasi terbesar adalah <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dneven_Trud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dneven Trud (halaman belum tersedia)">Dneven Trud</a></i> dan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=24_Chasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="24 Chasa (halaman belum tersedia)">24 Chasa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-landscape_172-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landscape-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sumber-sumber media non-cetak, seperti <a href="/wiki/Televisi" title="Televisi">televisi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, diawasi oleh Dewan Media Elektronik (CEM), badan independen yang berwenang memberikan atau mencabut izin penyiaran. Terpisah dari <a href="/wiki/Televisi_Nasional_Bulgaria" title="Televisi Nasional Bulgaria">Televisi Nasional Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nasional_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Nasional Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Radio Nasional Bulgaria</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kantor_Berita_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kantor Berita Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Kantor Berita Bulgaria</a> yang diurus negara, sejumlah besar televisi dan radio swasta mengudara. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slavi%27s_Show&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slavi's Show (halaman belum tersedia)">Slavi's Show</a></i> dan <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gospodari_Na_Efira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gospodari Na Efira (halaman belum tersedia)">Gospodari Na Efira</a></i> adalah di antara acara TV paling merakyat, masing-masing dilihat oleh lebih dari 1.000.000 pemirsa per pertunjukan.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tetapi, sebagian besar media Bulgaria pernah mengalami beberapa tren negatif, seperti penurunan mutu umum produk media, penyensoran mandiri dan tekanan politik atau ekonomi.<sup id="cite_ref-media_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Media Internet mengalami pertumbuhan popularitasnya karena tersedianya opini dan sudut pandang yang berentang lebar, sensor yang minim dan isi yang beraneka ragam.<sup id="cite_ref-media_174-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-media-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sejak 2000, terjadi penaikan yang tajam jumlah pengguna Internet. Pada 2000, mereka terhitung 430.000, naik menjadi 1.545.100 pada 2004, dan 3,4 juta (48% laju penetrasi) pada 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makanan_dan_minuman">Makanan dan minuman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Sunting bagian: Makanan dan minuman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=29" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Makanan dan minuman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makanan_dan_minuman_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makanan dan minuman di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Makanan dan minuman di Bulgaria</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg/170px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg/255px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg/340px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="591" /></a><figcaption>Rakia tersuling di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elena,_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elena, Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Elena</a>, Bulgaria bagian tengah</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Yoghurt" title="Yoghurt">Yoghurt</a> (кисело мляко <i>kiselo mlyako</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lukanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lukanka (halaman belum tersedia)">lukanka</a> (луканка), <a href="/wiki/Banitsa" title="Banitsa">banitsa</a> (баница), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shopska_salad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shopska salad (halaman belum tersedia)">shopska salad</a> (шопска салата), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyutenitsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyutenitsa (halaman belum tersedia)">lyutenitsa</a> (лютеница), <a href="/wiki/Sirene" title="Sirene">sirene</a> (сирене), dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kozunak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kozunak (halaman belum tersedia)">kozunak</a> (козунак) memberikan Bulgaria sajian yang unik. Dikaruniai iklim yang relatif hangat dan geografi yang kompleks memberikan kondisi pertumbuhan yang menakjubkan bagi aneka sayuran, herba, dan buah-buahan. Makanan dan minuman di Bulgaria adalah bermacam ragam. Sebagian besar sajian dipanggang di dalam oven, dikukus, atau berbentuk rebusan. Bentuk makanan yang digoreng dengan minyak yang banyak tidaklah lazim, tetapi panggangan—terkhusus aneka macam daging—dipraktikkan begitu luas. <a href="/wiki/Daging_babi" title="Daging babi">Daging babi</a> adalah daging yang paling banyak digunakan, diikuti oleh <a href="/wiki/Ayam" title="Ayam">ayam</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Domba" title="Domba">domba</a>. Sajian oriental seperti <a href="/wiki/Musaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Musaka">musaka</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyuvech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyuvech (halaman belum tersedia)">gyuvech</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">baklava</a> biasa dimakan oleh masyarakat. Makanan dan minuman Bulgaria juga dikenal akan mutunya karena didukung oleh bahan baku yang terjaga baik, juga jenis-jenis minuman anggur dan minuman beralkohol lokal lainnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">rakia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mastika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mastika (halaman belum tersedia)">mastika</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menta (halaman belum tersedia)">menta</a>. </p><p>Ekspor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anggur_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anggur Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">anggur Bulgaria</a> telah mendunia, dan hingga 1990 negara ini menjadi pengekspor anggur botolan terbesar kedua. Sejak 2007, 200.000 ton minuman anggur diproduksi tiap tahun,<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yakni terbesar ke-20 di dunia.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di antara produk lokal yang cukup menonjol adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimiat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimiat (halaman belum tersedia)">Dimiat</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mavrud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mavrud (halaman belum tersedia)">Mavrud</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tsvetana_Pironkova_Allianz_Cup_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tsvetana_Pironkova_Allianz_Cup_1.jpg/170px-Tsvetana_Pironkova_Allianz_Cup_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tsvetana_Pironkova_Allianz_Cup_1.jpg/255px-Tsvetana_Pironkova_Allianz_Cup_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tsvetana_Pironkova_Allianz_Cup_1.jpg/340px-Tsvetana_Pironkova_Allianz_Cup_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsvetana_Pironkova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsvetana Pironkova (halaman belum tersedia)">Tsvetana Pironkova</a>, petenis wanita terbaik Bulgaria, mencapai semifinal di <a href="/wiki/Kejuaraan_Wimbledon" title="Kejuaraan Wimbledon">Kejuaraan Wimbledon</a> pada 2010.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olahraga">Olahraga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Sunting bagian: Olahraga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=30" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Olahraga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olahraga_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olahraga di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Olahraga di Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sepak_bola_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sepak bola di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Sepak bola di Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria_di_Olimpiade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bulgaria di Olimpiade (halaman belum tersedia)">Bulgaria di Olimpiade</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_bola_voli_nasional_putera_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim bola voli nasional putera Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Tim bola voli nasional putera Bulgaria</a></div> <p>Bulgaria menunjukkan kinerjanya yang baik dalam sejumlah cabang olahraga seperti <a href="/wiki/Bola_voli" title="Bola voli">bola voli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulat" title="Gulat">gulat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angkat_berat" class="mw-redirect" title="Angkat berat">angkat berat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dayung" title="Dayung">dayung</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowing_(olahraga)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowing (olahraga) (halaman belum tersedia)">rowing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olahraga_menembak" title="Olahraga menembak">olahraga menembak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senam" title="Senam">senam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catur" title="Catur">catur</a>, dan baru-baru ini, <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tenis" title="Tenis">tenis</a>. Tim bola voli nasional putera adalah terkemuka di Eropa dan Dunia, peringkat ke-6 di dunia menurut peringkat <a href="/wiki/FIVB" class="mw-redirect" title="FIVB">FIVB</a> 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sedangkan tim bola voli puteri meraih juara kedua dalam Liga Eropa 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sepak_bola" title="Sepak bola">Sepak bola</a> adalah cabang olahraga yang paling merakyat di Bulgaria. <a href="/wiki/Dimitar_Berbatov" title="Dimitar Berbatov">Dimitar Berbatov</a>, pemain sepak bola yang bermain bagi <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C." title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United</a>, adalah salah seorang pemain sepak bola Bulgaria yang paling ternama, sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Hristo_Stoichkov" title="Hristo Stoichkov">Hristo Stoichkov</a>, berhasil dua kali memenangi <a href="/wiki/Sepatu_Emas_Eropa" title="Sepatu Emas Eropa">Sepatu Emas Eropa</a>, adalah pemain sepak bola Bulgaria yang paling berjaya sepanjang masa.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persatuan sepak bola dalam negeri yang cukup menonjol adalah <a href="/wiki/PFC_CSKA_Sofia" title="PFC CSKA Sofia">PFC CSKA Sofia</a><sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/PFC_Levski_Sofia" title="PFC Levski Sofia">PFC Levski Sofia</a>. Penampilan terbaik Bulgaria di final Piala Dunia terjadi pada 1994, menduduki peringkat ke-4. </p><p>Bulgaria turut serta dalam Olimpiade Musim Panas dan Olimpiade Musim Dingin, dan penampilan perdananya dalam Olimpiade adalah pada <a href="/wiki/Olimpiade_Athena_1896" class="mw-redirect" title="Olimpiade Athena 1896">Olimpiade modern pertama</a> tahun 1896, diwakili oleh pesenam kelahiran Swiss <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Champaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Champaud (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles Champaud</a>. Sejak saat itu negara ini turut serta dalam sebagian besar Olimpiade Musim Panas, dan terhitung sampai 2010 berjaya meraih 218 medali: 52 emas, 86 perak, dan 80 perunggu, yang menjadikannya berada pada peringkat ke-24 dalam <a href="/wiki/Daftar_perolehan_medali_Olimpiade_sepanjang_masa" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar perolehan medali Olimpiade sepanjang masa">peringkat sepanjang masa</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=31" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2021Census-ethnocultural-characteristics-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021Census-ethnocultural-characteristics_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221124195716/https://nsi.bg/sites/default/files/files/pressreleases/Census2021_ethnos.pdf">"Преброяване 2021: Етнокултурна характеристика на населението"</a> [2021 Census: Ethnocultural characteristics of the population] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Statistical_Institute_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Statistical Institute (Bulgaria) (halaman belum tersedia)">National Statistical Institute of Bulgaria</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nsi.bg/sites/default/files/files/pressreleases/Census2021_ethnos.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 24 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5+2021%3A+%D0%95%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE&rft.pub=National+Statistical+Institute+of+Bulgaria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnsi.bg%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fpressreleases%2FCensus2021_ethnos.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEOBG-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOBG_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOBG_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOBG_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEOBG_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/October/weo-report?c=918,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2026&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database,February 2022"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. International Monetary Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2CFebruary+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2021%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D918%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2019%26ey%3D2026%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eurogini-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eurogini_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en">"Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey"</a>. <i>ec.europa.eu</i>. <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ec.europa.eu&rft.atitle=Gini+coefficient+of+equivalised+disposable+income+%E2%80%93+EU-SILC+survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdatabrowser%2Fview%2Ftessi190%2Fdefault%2Ftable%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">"Human Development Report 2021/2022"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 8 September 2022. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2022-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2021%2F2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2022-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-transl-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-transl_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0">"Закон за транслитерацията, чл.6"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110307131207/http://bg.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0%2C+%D1%87%D0%BB.6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbg.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0_%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grao-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-grao_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grao.bg/tna/tab01.html">"Tabel populasi berdasarkan alamat tetap dan terkini"</a> (dalam bahasa Bulgarian). Kepala Direksi Pencatatan Penduduk dan Pelayanan Administratif. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101014100708/http://grao.bg/tna/tab01.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2010-10-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tabel+populasi+berdasarkan+alamat+tetap+dan+terkini&rft.pub=Kepala+Direksi+Pencatatan+Penduduk+dan+Pelayanan+Administratif&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrao.bg%2Ftna%2Ftab01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Pusat Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euroguidance.hrdc.bg/files/public/Publications/BG_in_EU.pdf">"Bulgaria di dalam Uni Eropa"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Sofia: EuroGuidance. hlm. 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2010</span>. <q>[..] Bulgaria, pusat kebudayaan Slavia pertengahan[...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria+di+dalam+Uni+Eropa&rft.place=Sofia&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=EuroGuidance&rft.au=Pusat+Pengembangan+Sumber+Daya+Manusia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuroguidance.hrdc.bg%2Ffiles%2Fpublic%2FPublications%2FBG_in_EU.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crampton, R.J., <i>Bulgaria</i>, 2007, hal. 174, Oxford University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Ylz4fe7757cC&pg=PA271&dq=referendum+bulgaria+1946&hl=bg&ei=mi00TfGqKs-fOs-TobUC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFMQ6AEwCQ">"Sejarah singkat Bulgaria, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-521-61637-9, hal. 271."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211092207/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ylz4fe7757cC&pg=PA271&dq=referendum+bulgaria+1946&hl=bg&ei=mi00TfGqKs-fOs-TobUC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sejarah+singkat+Bulgaria%2C+R.+J.+Crampton%2C+Cambridge+University+Press%2C+2005%2C+ISBN+0-521-61637-9%2C+hal.+271.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYlz4fe7757cC%26pg%3DPA271%26dq%3Dreferendum%2Bbulgaria%2B1946%26hl%3Dbg%26ei%3Dmi00TfGqKs-fOs-TobUC%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D10%26ved%3D0CFMQ6AEwCQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete.pdf">Tren indeks pembangunan manusia oleh PBB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101108160356/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-11-08 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Diakses pada 26 November 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bulgaria/History">"Encyclopædia Britannica/Bulgaria/History"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111115081126/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bulgaria/History">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2FBulgaria%2FHistory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F1911_Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Britannica%2FBulgaria%2FHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bulgaria-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bulgaria_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulgaria_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulgaria_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulgaria_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulgaria_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/84090/Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511175301/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/84090/Bulgaria">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.". Encyclopædia Britannica.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, hal. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. de Boor (ed), <i>Theophanis chronographia</i>, vol. 1. Leipzig: Teubner, 1883 (repr. Hildesheim: Olms, 1963), 397, 25–30 (AM 6209)<i>"φασί δε τινές ότι και ανθρώπους τεθνεώτας και την εαυτών κόπρον εις τα κλίβανα βάλλοντες και ζυμούντες ήσθιον. ενέσκηψε δε εις αυτούς και λοιμική νόσος και αναρίθμητα πλήθη εξ αυτών ώλεσεν. συνήψε δε προς αυτούς πόλεμον και τον των Βουλγάρων έθνος, και, ως φασίν οι ακριβώς επιστάμενοι, [ότι] <b>κβ</b> χιλάδας Αράβων κατέσφαξαν."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman, hal. 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Theophanes-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Theophanes_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Chronographia/Chapter_61">"Kronografi/Bab 61"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511095728/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Chronographia/Chapter_61">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kronografi%2FBab+61&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FChronographia%2FChapter_61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Georgius Monachus Continuants. <i>Chronicon</i>, <i>Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinorum</i>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, 1828—97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paul_Cubberley_1996-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_Cubberley_1996_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paul_Cubberley_1996_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Cubberley (1996) "The Slavic Alphabets". In Daniels and Bright, eds. <i>The World's Writing Systems.</i> Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0195079930" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-507993-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fine, John V.A. (1991). <i>Balkan Pertengahan Dini: Sebuah Pengamatan Kritis dari Abad Keenam hingga penghujung Abad Ketujuh</i>. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 144–148. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780472081493" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780472081493">9780472081493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balkan+Pertengahan+Dini%3A+Sebuah+Pengamatan+Kritis+dari+Abad+Keenam+hingga+penghujung+Abad+Ketujuh&rft.pages=144-148&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780472081493&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=John+V.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dimitrov1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dimitrov1_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bojidar Dimitrov: <i>Sejarah Bulgaria Bergambar</i>. BORIANA Publishing House 2002, <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9545000449" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 954-500-044-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/84090/Bulgaria/42725/The-spread-of-Christianity">Pemerintahan Simeon I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141023041653/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/84090/Bulgaria/42725/The-spread-of-Christianity">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-10-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Encyclopaedia Britannica. <i>Di bawah kekuasaan para penerus Simeon, Bulgaria ditimpa oleh perselisihan internal yang dipicu oleh meluasnya Bogomilisme (sebuah sekte dwi-agama) dan oleh penyerangan dari bangsa Magyar, Pecheneg, Rus, dan Bizantium.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Browning, Robert (1975). <i>Byzantium and Bulgaria</i>. London. hlm. 194–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+Bulgaria&rft.pages=194-5&rft.pub=London&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Browning&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leo Diaconus: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldru.narod.ru/biblio/ldt6_10.htm"><i>Historia</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510074337/http://oldru.narod.ru/biblio/ldt6_10.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (teks berbahasa Rusia)—<i>Так в течение двух дней был завоеван и стал владением ромеев город Преслава.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Шишић [Sisic], hal. 331</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus6/Dukljanin/frametext.htm">Kronika Pendeta Duklja</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120510091628/http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus6/Dukljanin/frametext.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-05-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., terjemahan bahasa Rusia. Kutipan: <i>В то время пока Владимир был юношей и правил на престоле своего отца, вышеупомянутый Самуил собрал большое войско и прибыл в далматинские окраины, в землю короля Владимира.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skylitzes-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Skylitzes_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Skylitzes_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ioannis Scylitzae: <i>Synopsis Historiarum</i>, Hans Thurn edition, <i>Corpus Fontium Byzantiae Historiae</i>, 1973; ISBN (978)3110022858. p. 457</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zlatarski-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zlatarski_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Zlatarski, vol. II, pp. 1–41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Averil Cameron, <i>The Byzantines</i>, Blackwell Publishing (2006), hal. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jiriček, hal. 295</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jiriček, hal. 382</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lord_Kinross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lord Kinross (halaman belum tersedia)">Lord Kinross</a>, <i>The Ottoman Centuries</i>, Morrow QuillPaperback Edition, 1979</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xixcnf-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xixcnf_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> R.J. Crampton, A Concise History of Bulgaria, 1997, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/052156719X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-56719-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-xouksi-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-xouksi_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hupchick, Dennis P. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/balkansfromconst00hupc_0"><i>The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780312217365" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780312217365">9780312217365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkans%3A+From+Constantinople+to+Communism&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780312217365&rft.aulast=Hupchick&rft.aufirst=Dennis+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbalkansfromconst00hupc_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Gould_Schurman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacob Gould Schurman (halaman belum tersedia)">Schurman, Jacob Gould</a> (2005) [1916]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ubNGZQrvxHoC"><i>The Balkan Wars: 1912–1913</i></a> (edisi ke-2). Cosimo. hlm. 140. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781596051768" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781596051768">9781596051768</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2010</span>. <q>Terdapat keadilan sejarah di kawasan itu bahwa Kekaisaran Turki di Eropa mendapati kebinasaannya di tangan bangsa-bangsa Balkan sendiri. Untuk kebangsaan ini telah ditundukkan dan bahkan kesadaran nasional mereka lenyap di bawah ketaktoleransian, kesalah-urusan pemerintahan, penindasan, kekejaman Muslim. [...] tidak ada yang semenderita Bulgaria, yang berjarak paling dekat terhadap ibu kota pengikut Muhammad penakluk.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkan+Wars%3A+1912%E2%80%931913&rft.pages=140&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Cosimo&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781596051768&rft.aulast=Schurman&rft.aufirst=Jacob+Gould&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DubNGZQrvxHoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/84090/Bulgaria">"Bulgaria"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511175301/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/84090/Bulgaria">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2010</span>. <q>Kebangsawanan Bulgaria dihancurkan—para anggotanya dibinasakan, diusir, atau harus menerima Islam dan Penturkian, dan kaum tani menjadi budak bagi tuan-tuan Turki.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bulgaria&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F84090%2FBulgaria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crampton, R.J. <i>Bulgaria 1878–1918</i>, hal. 2. East European Monographs, 1983. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0880330295" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-88033-029-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Josef_Jire%C4%8Dek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantin Josef Jireček (halaman belum tersedia)">Jireček, K. J.</a> (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=VBhThVLpc4MC&pg=PA88"><i>Geschichte der Bulgaren</i></a> (dalam bahasa German). Nachdr. d. Ausg. Prag 1876, Hildesheim, New York : Olms 1977. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-487-06408-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-487-06408-1">3-487-06408-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211092207/https://books.google.com/books?id=VBhThVLpc4MC&pg=PA88&hl=en">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+der+Bulgaren&rft.pub=Nachdr.+d.+Ausg.+Prag+1876%2C+Hildesheim%2C+New+York+%3A+Olms+1977&rft.date=1876&rft.isbn=3-487-06408-1&rft.aulast=Jire%C4%8Dek&rft.aufirst=K.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DVBhThVLpc4MC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCProfile-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCProfile_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1061402.stm">"Garis waktu: Bulgaria – Rentetan Kejadian Penting"</a>. BBC News. 6 May 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150307084019/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1061402.stm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Garis+waktu%3A+Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Rentetan+Kejadian+Penting&rft.date=2010-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2Fcountry_profiles%2F1061402.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dillon, Emile Joseph (1920) [1920]. "XV". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/4/4/7/14477/14477-h/14477-h.htm"><i>Kisah di dalam Konferensi Damai</i></a>. New York: Harper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718235236/http://www.mirrorservice.org/sites/ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/4/4/7/14477/14477-h/14477-h.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2009</span>. <q>Perubahan cakupan wilayah yang harus diderita oleh Prusia-nya Balkan tidak begitu bagus, tidak juga adil.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=XV&rft.btitle=Kisah+di+dalam+Konferensi+Damai&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=Emile+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirrorservice.org%2Fsites%2Fftp.ibiblio.org%2Fpub%2Fdocs%2Fbooks%2Fgutenberg%2F1%2F4%2F4%2F7%2F14477%2F14477-h%2F14477-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Балабанов, А. <i>И аз на тоя свят. Спомени от разни времена.</i> С., 1983, с. 72, 361</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mintchev_1999_124-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mintchev_1999_124_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mintchev, Vesselin (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130117012418/http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id=473FBAEF-623D-4ADA-903A-17241B78BDDB">"Hijrah Eksternal... di Bulgaria"</a>. <i>Tinjauan Eropa Tenggara</i> (3/99): 124. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/getdocument.aspx?logid=5&id=473FBAEF-623D-4ADA-903A-17241B78BDDB">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-01-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tinjauan+Eropa+Tenggara&rft.atitle=Hijrah+Eksternal...+di+Bulgaria&rft.issue=3%2F99&rft.pages=124&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Mintchev&rft.aufirst=Vesselin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Faspx%2Fgetdocument.aspx%3Flogid%3D5%26id%3D473FBAEF-623D-4ADA-903A-17241B78BDDB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121213083311/lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0052)">Bulgaria dalam Perang Dunia II: Sekutu yang Pasif</a>, Perpustakaan Kongres]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">. Todorov, T. (1999) Rapuhnya Kebaikan: Mengapa Yahudi Bulgaria lolos dari <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a>, London, Weidenfeld, dan Nicolson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121213104221/lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0053)">Bulgaria: Krisis Perang</a>, Perpustakaan Kongres</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sofiaecho.com/2003/04/17/632148_zhelyu-zhelev-the-dissident-president">Zhelyu Zhelev – Presiden yang tidak direstui</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511084148/http://sofiaecho.com/2003/04/17/632148_zhelyu-zhelev-the-dissident-president">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. di Sofia Echo, oleh Ivan Vatahov, 17 April 2003. Diakses pada 27 Januari 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-csecon-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-csecon_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Marsteller. "Ekonomi". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121213075601/lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/bgtoc.html">Penelitian negara Bulgaria</a> (Glenn E. Curtis, editor). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Divisi_Penelitian_Federal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divisi Penelitian Federal (halaman belum tersedia)">Divisi Penelitian Federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Perpustakaan_Kongres" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpustakaan Kongres">Perpustakaan Kongres</a> (Juni 1992)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710045053/lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0062)">Kebijakan dalam negeri dan dampak-dampaknya</a>, Perpustakaan Kongres</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121213075811/lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0068)">Atmosfer Politik pada dasawarsa 1970-an</a>, Perpustakaan Kongres</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Bohlen, Celestine (17 October 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/17/world/bulgaria-vote-gives-key-role-to-ethnic-turks.html">"Pemungutan Suara memberikan Peran Penting bagi Etnik Turki"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511235325/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/17/world/bulgaria-vote-gives-key-role-to-ethnic-turks.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2009</span>. <q>... pada dasawarsa 1980-an [...] pemimpin Komunis, Todor Zhivkov, mulai mengampanyekan pembauran budaya yang memaksa etnik Turki menerapkan nama-nama Slavik, menutup masjid-masjid dan rumah-rumah ibadah mereka dan menumpas segala upaya perlawanan. Hasilnya adalah eksodus besar-besaran lebih dari 300.000 etnik Turki menuju Turki pada 1989 ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pemungutan+Suara+memberikan+Peran+Penting+bagi+Etnik+Turki&rft.date=1991-10-17&rft.aulast=Bohlen&rft.aufirst=Celestine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F10%2F17%2Fworld%2Fbulgaria-vote-gives-key-role-to-ethnic-turks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSTRE55001C20090601">Pertunjukan keretakan dalam model etnik Muslim Bulgaria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211092204/https://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSTRE55001C20090601">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-02-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Reuters. 31 Mei 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia1990-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cia1990_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427053700/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact90/world12.txt">"1990 CIA World Factbook"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact90/world12.txt">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-04-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1990+CIA+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umsl.edu%2Fservices%2Fgovdocs%2Fwofact90%2Fworld12.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bg.mondediplo.com/article181.html">Разрушителният български преход</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100206224143/http://bg.mondediplo.com/article181.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-02-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 1 Oktober 2007, <i>Le Monde Diplomatique</i> (edisi Bulgaria)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Divisi_Penelitian_Federal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Divisi Penelitian Federal (halaman belum tersedia)">Perpustakaan Kongres – Divisi Penelitian Federal</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Bulgaria.pdf">"Profil Negara: Bulgaria"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Perpustakaan Kongres. hlm. <b>18</b>, 23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050717162833/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Bulgaria.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2005-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>. <q>Media Massa: Pada 2006, media cetak dan penyiaran Bulgaria secara umum dianggap tak-bias, kendati pemerintah mendominasi penyiaran melalui Televisi Nasional Bulgaria dan Radio Nasional Bulgaria yang dimiliki negara dan penyebaran berita tercetak melalui lembaga pers terbesar, Lembaga Telegraf Bulgaria. [...]Hak Asasi Manusia: Pada permulaan dasawarsa 2000-an, Bulgaria <b>secara umum dinilai sangat baik dalam hal hak asasi manusia</b>. Tetapi, disertai dengan beberapa perkecualian. Kendati media memiliki catatan pelaporan yang tak-bias, lemahnya legislasi tertentu Bulgaria melindungi media dari gangguan negara adalah kelemahan teoretik.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profil+Negara%3A+Bulgaria&rft.pages=%27%27%2718%27%27%27%2C+23&rft.pub=Perpustakaan+Kongres&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Perpustakaan+Kongres+%E2%80%93+Divisi+Penelitian+Federal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FBulgaria.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">– <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2008&country=7361">Laporan negara Bulgaria untuk tahun 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090712051236/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-07-12 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., freedomhouse.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121212005646/lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0072)">Topografi</a>, Perpustakaan Kongres.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">"Мусала". <i>Българска енциклопедия А-Я</i> (dalam bahasa Bulgarian). БАН, Труд, Сирма. 2002. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9548104083" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9548104083">9548104083</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/163361648">163361648</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%90-%D0%AF&rft.pub=%D0%91%D0%90%D0%9D%2C+%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%2C+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F163361648&rft.isbn=9548104083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book">Donchev, D. (2004). <i>Geografi Bulgaria</i> (dalam bahasa Bulgarian). Sofia: ciela. hlm. 68. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9546497177" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9546497177">9546497177</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geografi+Bulgaria&rft.place=Sofia&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=ciela&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9546497177&rft.aulast=Donchev&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=117950">Bulgarian NGO berhasil mengamati 5 Elang Imperial melalui Satelit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511094407/http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=117950">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., novinite.com, 9 Juli 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121213142505/lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0074)">Iklim</a>, Perpustakaan Kongres.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lihatlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_oldest_trees&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of oldest trees (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar pohon tertua</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lihatlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Kyoto_Protocol_signatories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Kyoto Protocol signatories (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar penandatangan Protokol Kyoto</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=106682">Bulgaria mencapai target Protokol Kyoto – Laporan IWR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716082406/http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=106682">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 11 Agustus 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ossem.eu/article.aspx?pg=arl65">България от Космоса: сеч, пожари, бетон... и надежда</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170031/http://www.ossem.eu/article.aspx?pg=arl65">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Petar Kanev, <i>*8* Magazine</i>, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=89367">Pencemaran Udara Tingkat Tinggi Meliputi Pusat Kota Sofia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111130614/http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=89367">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-01-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., novinite.com, 14 Januari 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=117439">Sofia Bulgaria, Plovdiv Menderita Pencemaran Udara Terburuk di Eropa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511094347/http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=117439">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., novinite.com, 23 Juni 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESI-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ESI_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ESI_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esiweb.org/index.php?lang=en&id=379">Penelitian Bulgaria untuk memenuhi tuntutan lingkungan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717121204/http://www.esiweb.org/index.php?lang=en&id=379">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Inisiatif Kestabilan Eropa, 10 Desember 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/waste/documents/Municipal_%20waste_%20recycled_1000t_%20update_%20website1801101.mht">Pendaurulangan sampah/limbah perkotaan 1995–2008 (1000 ton)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126085127/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/waste/documents/Municipal_%20waste_%20recycled_1000t_%20update_%20website1801101.mht">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-01-26 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnevnik.bg/pazari/2010/06/28/924505_purviiat_zavod_za_reciklirane_na_elektrouredi_veche/?ref=rss">Първият завод за рециклиране на електроуреди вече работи</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721020224/http://www.dnevnik.bg/pazari/2010/06/28/924505_purviiat_zavod_za_reciklirane_na_elektrouredi_veche/?ref=rss">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-21 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., dnevnik.bg, 28 Juni 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorabg-magazine.info/bg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14&showall=1">Бъдещето на природните паркове в България и техните администрации</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111102101145/http://www.gorabg-magazine.info/bg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14&showall=1">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-11-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Majalah <i>Gora</i>, Juni 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorabg-magazine.info/old/biosferni_rezerv_05_07.html">Ще има ли България биосферни резервати?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514214434/http://www.gorabg-magazine.info/old/biosferni_rezerv_05_07.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Majalah <i>Gora</i>, Mei 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Bulgaria#Environment">"Bulgaria – Ikhtisar Lingkungan, UNData, Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa"</a>. Data.un.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110406122146/http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Bulgaria#Environment">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-04-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Ikhtisar+Lingkungan%2C+UNData%2C+Perserikatan+Bangsa-Bangsa&rft.pub=Data.un.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.un.org%2FCountryProfile.aspx%3FcrName%3DBulgaria%23Environment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061115202547/http://www.lcie.org/Docs/Action%20Plans/Greece%20Golden%20Jackal%20Action%20Plan%202004.pdf">Perencanaan Tindakan Perlindungan bagi jackal emas</a>, WWF, April 2004. <i>Diduga populasi jackal Bulgaria pada permulaan ‘90-an adalah sebanyak 5.000 ekor (Demeter & Spassov 1993). Populasi jackal di Bulgaria bertambah sampai tahun 1994 dan sejak itu tampaknya tidak berubah (Spassov pers.comm.).</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hamzah, M. G., dkk. (Desember 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://simpus.mkri.id/uploaded_files/temporary/DigitalCollection/MWI1ZGMxOGY1NGVhY2M5NTg1ODlkNmNiZWE0ODRkMGE4Yjg2YzNlMQ==.pdf"><i>Kompilasi Konstitusi Sedunia Buku II:</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Jakarta: Kepaniteraan dan Sekretariat Jenderal Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. hlm. 388. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-623-93157-2-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-623-93157-2-6">978-623-93157-2-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kompilasi+Konstitusi+Sedunia+Buku+II%3A&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pages=388&rft.pub=Kepaniteraan+dan+Sekretariat+Jenderal+Mahkamah+Konstitusi+Republik+Indonesia&rft.date=2019-12&rft.isbn=978-623-93157-2-6&rft.au=Hamzah%2C+M.+G.%2C+dkk.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsimpus.mkri.id%2Fuploaded_files%2Ftemporary%2FDigitalCollection%2FMWI1ZGMxOGY1NGVhY2M5NTg1ODlkNmNiZWE0ODRkMGE4Yjg2YzNlMQ%3D%3D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/infoCountryPage/setimes/resource_centre/bios/borisov_boyko?country=Bulgaria">Boyko Borisov, Perdana Menteri Bulgaria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110119050027/http://setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/infoCountryPage/setimes/resource_centre/bios/borisov_boyko?country=Bulgaria">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-01-19 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., SETimes.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Bulgaria.htm">Sistem Hukum dan Penelitian Hukum Bulgaria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111227080914/http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Bulgaria.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-12-27 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Hauser Global Law School Program, Agustus 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ibox.bg/news/id_837429474">Съдебната ни система – първенец по корупция</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120111085702/http://news.ibox.bg/news/id_837429474">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-01-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., News.bg, 03.06.2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/05/world/europe/05iht-bulgaria.3792672.html?_r=1">Pertanyaan muncul kembali mengenai sistem hukum Bulgaria – Eropa – International Herald Tribune</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511235352/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/05/world/europe/05iht-bulgaria.3792672.html?_r=1">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., NYTimes, 5 November 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Interpol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106212831/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Region/Europe/pjsystems/Bulgaria.asp">"Interpol entry on Bulgaria"</a>. Interpol.int. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interpol.int/Public/Region/Europe/pjsystems/Bulgaria.asp">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-01-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interpol+entry+on+Bulgaria&rft.pub=Interpol.int&rft.au=Interpol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2FPublic%2FRegion%2FEurope%2Fpjsystems%2FBulgaria.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dans.bg/">"Situs Web Resmi Lembaga Negara untuk Keamanan Nasional"</a>. Dans.bg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111219211633/http://www.dans.bg/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-12-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Situs+Web+Resmi+Lembaga+Negara+untuk+Keamanan+Nasional&rft.pub=Dans.bg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dans.bg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vsekiden.com/63922">Официално: Близо 27 хиляди са полицаите в България</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130215148/http://www.vsekiden.com/63922/">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-01-30 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., vsekiden.com, 19 Januari 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scar.org/treaty/">Sistem Traktat Antarktika: Pengantar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060206193457/http://www.scar.org/treaty/">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-02-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Komite Ilmiah Penelitian Antarktika (SCAR).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scar.org/treaty/signatories.html">Penandatangan Traktat Antarktika</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101008124854/http://www.scar.org/treaty/signatories.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-10-08 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Komite Ilmiah Penelitian Antarktika (SCAR).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nato-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nato_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/docu/update/2004/03-march/e0329a.htm">"Perbaruan NATO: Tujuh anggota baru menggabungi NATO"</a>. 29 March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140315110351/http://www.nato.int/docu/update/2004/03-march/e0329a.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-03-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Perbaruan+NATO%3A+Tujuh+anggota+baru+menggabungi+NATO&rft.date=2004-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fdocu%2Fupdate%2F2004%2F03-march%2Fe0329a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ec-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ec_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/enlargement_process/future_prospects/negotiations/eu10_bulgaria_romania/treaty_2005_en.htm">"Arsip-Arsip Perluasan Komisi Eropa: Traktat Penyertaan Bulgaria dan Rumania"</a>. 25 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110219145342/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/archives/enlargement_process/future_prospects/negotiations/eu10_bulgaria_romania/treaty_2005_en.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arsip-Arsip+Perluasan+Komisi+Eropa%3A+Traktat+Penyertaan+Bulgaria+dan+Rumania&rft.date=2005-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fenlargement%2Farchives%2Fenlargement_process%2Ffuture_prospects%2Fnegotiations%2Feu10_bulgaria_romania%2Ftreaty_2005_en.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Bos, Stefan (1 Januari 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706141125/http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-01/2007-01-01-voa16.cfm">"Bulgaria, Romania menggabungi Uni Eropa"</a>. <i>VOA News</i>. Voice of America. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voanews.com/english/archive/2007-01/2007-01-01-voa16.cfm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 Januari</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VOA+News&rft.atitle=Bulgaria%2C+Romania+menggabungi+Uni+Eropa&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.aulast=Bos&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoanews.com%2Fenglish%2Farchive%2F2007-01%2F2007-01-01-voa16.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3460">Daftar: Enam Pangkalan Militer Terpenting Amerika Serikat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610033252/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3460">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-06-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., FP, Mei 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lihatlah <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_of_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military of Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Penyebaran serdadu Bulgaria</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121213174927/lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0225)">Penjualan Senjata</a>, Perpustakaan Kongres]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205055039/lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0066)">Urusan Luar Negeri pada dasawarsa 1960-an dan 1970-an</a>, Perpustakaan Kongres</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediapool.bg/show/?storyid=165678">Армията все по-уверено се движи към численост 24 000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706143212/http://www.mediapool.bg/show/?storyid=165678">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., mediapool.bg, 26 Mei 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0216)">"Bulgaria – Military Personnel"</a>. Lcweb2.loc.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205033238/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+bg0216)">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria+%E2%80%93+Military+Personnel&rft.pub=Lcweb2.loc.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Bbg0216%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071026110403/http://www.md.government.bg/en/index.html">"Bulgarian Armed Forces"</a>. Md.government.bg. 14 July 2010. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.md.government.bg/en/index.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgarian+Armed+Forces&rft.pub=Md.government.bg&rft.date=2010-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.md.government.bg%2Fen%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512011512/http://www.mod.bg/bg/doc/programi/20090227_Budget_MO.pdf">"Daftar Belanja Militer Resmi"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.bg/bg/doc/programi/20090227_Budget_MO.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2011-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daftar+Belanja+Militer+Resmi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.bg%2Fbg%2Fdoc%2Fprogrami%2F20090227_Budget_MO.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-District_Mayors-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-District_Mayors_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091220184844/http://sofia.bg/en/display.asp?ime=council">"Wali Distrik"</a>. Munisipalitas Sofia. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sofia.bg/en/display.asp?ime=council">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-12-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2009-12-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wali+Distrik&rft.pub=Munisipalitas+Sofia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsofia.bg%2Fen%2Fdisplay.asp%3Fime%3Dcouncil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://go.worldbank.org/D7SN0B8YU0">"Bank Dunia: Data dan Statistika: Kelompok Negara"</a>. The World Bank Group. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bank+Dunia%3A+Data+dan+Statistika%3A+Kelompok+Negara&rft.pub=The+World+Bank+Group&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgo.worldbank.org%2FD7SN0B8YU0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/guip/themeAction.do">"Profil negara Bulgaria - indikator ekonomi"</a>. Eurostat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141101123748/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/guip/themeAction.do">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profil+negara+Bulgaria+-+indikator+ekonomi&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fguip%2FthemeAction.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnb.bg/Statistics/StExternalSector/StExchangeRates/StERFixed/index.htm">Laju perubahan nilai mata uang yang dipatok</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190605060830/http://www.bnb.bg/Statistics/StExternalSector/StExchangeRates/StERFixed/index.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2019-06-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Bulgarian National Bank.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="id" dir="ltr">Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>imf2</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2095rank.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eu&rank=100#bu">Daftar peringkat tenaga kerja</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309180817/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2095rank.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eu&rank=100#bu">Diarsipkan</a> 2013-03-09 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., CIA The World Factbook.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Miller, Catherine (18 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7301316.stm">"Ancaman korupsi bagi Bulgaria"</a>. BBC News Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512050748/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7301316.stm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2010</span>. <q>Para pengkritik berpendapat bahwa menggeloranya penyalahgunaan dana Eropa menunjukkan bahwa Bulgaria mengalami reformasi yang tergelincir, kini ia melompati gawang rintangan untuk meraih keanggotaan Uni Eropa. [...] Uni Eropa memaksakan skema pemantauan korupsi khusus terhadap Bulgaria dan tetangganya (Romania) ketika mereka menggabungi Uni Eropa pada Januari 2007, sebab dirasakan bahwa mereka belum sampai pada tingkatan Uni Eropa. Jika Bulgaria tidak memenuhi uji banding yang diberikan, Uni Eropa dapat memaksakan apa yang disebut sebagai klausa penjagaan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ancaman+korupsi+bagi+Bulgaria&rft.date=2008-03-18&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7301316.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">line feed character di <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|quote=</code> pada posisi 436 (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#invisible_char" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physorg.com/news174063976.html">Ladang angin AES dimulakan di Bulgaria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117172250/http://www.physorg.com/news174063976.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-01-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., physorg.com, 6 Oktober 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/12/content_11000486.htm">Economist: krisis finansial dipicu oleh fundamentalisme pasar Amerika Serikat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123152707/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-03/12/content_11000486.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-11-23 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Xinhua, 12 Maret 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/country/BGR/index.htm">Bulgaria dan Dana Moneter Internasional</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513224303/http://www.imf.org/external/country/BGR/index.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-13 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Indeks</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/weekly01.asp?id=4141">Energy Hub</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016075623/http://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/weekly01.asp?id=4141">Diarsipkan</a> 2008-10-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 13.10.2008, Oxford Business Group.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kznpp.org/index.php?lang=bg&p=about_aec&p1=company_profile">За централата.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110817170904/http://www.kznpp.org/index.php?lang=bg&p=about_aec&p1=company_profile">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-08-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "АЕЦ Козлодуй" ЕАД.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy_policy/doc/factsheets/mix/mix_bg_en.pdf">"Lembaran Energi Uni Eropa tentang Bulgaria"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111025160841/http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy_policy/doc/factsheets/mix/mix_bg_en.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lembaran+Energi+Uni+Eropa+tentang+Bulgaria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fenergy%2Fenergy_policy%2Fdoc%2Ffactsheets%2Fmix%2Fmix_bg_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.energy.eu/renewables/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_bulgaria_en.pdf">"Lembaran Energi Terbarukan Uni Eropa di Bulgaria"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124230027/https://www.energy.eu/renewables/factsheets/2008_res_sheet_bulgaria_en.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lembaran+Energi+Terbarukan+Uni+Eropa+di+Bulgaria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.energy.eu%2Frenewables%2Ffactsheets%2F2008_res_sheet_bulgaria_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewea.org/index.php?id=60&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1681&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=1&cHash=1c51ae8e8c">Bulgaria mempercepat pertumbuhan energi angin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131028023133/http://www.ewea.org/index.php?id=60&no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1681&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=1&cHash=1c51ae8e8c">Diarsipkan</a> 2013-10-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Asosiasi Energi Angin Eropa, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=118689">Masa Depan Industri Pertambangan Bulgaria Terpantau Cerah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919132330/https://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=118689">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-09-19 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., novinite.com, 30 Juli 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lihatlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_copper_production&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by copper production (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar negara penghasil tembaga</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lihatlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_zinc_production&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by zinc production (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar negara penghasil seng</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lihatlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_coal_production&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by coal production (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar negara penghasil batu bara</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lihatlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_bismuth_production&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by bismuth production (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar negara penghasil bismut</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geografia.kabinata.com/23.htm">"Geografi mesin bangunan di Lembaran Fakta Bulgaria"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geografi+mesin+bangunan+di+Lembaran+Fakta+Bulgaria&rft.pub=Geografia.kabinata.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeografia.kabinata.com%2F23.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Bulgaria#Economic">"Bulgaria – Ikhtisar Ekonomi, UNData, Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAO+%E2%80%93+Peringkat+negara+penghasil+tembakau&rft.pub=Fao.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fes%2Fess%2Ftop%2Fcommodity.html%3Bjsessionid%3DD12AE3755A99D2CFACE0D25461B6A51C%3Flang%3Den%26item%3D826%26year%3D2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html;jsessionid=D12AE3755A99D2CFACE0D25461B6A51C?lang=en&item=547&year=2005">"FAO – Peringkat negara penghasil raspberi"</a>. Fao.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510014106/http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html;jsessionid=D12AE3755A99D2CFACE0D25461B6A51C?lang=en&item=547&year=2005">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAO+%E2%80%93+Peringkat+negara+penghasil+raspberi&rft.pub=Fao.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fes%2Fess%2Ftop%2Fcommodity.html%3Bjsessionid%3DD12AE3755A99D2CFACE0D25461B6A51C%3Flang%3Den%26item%3D547%26year%3D2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mag Studio – Pendekatan kontemporer dan praktis terhadap desain. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090412122121/http://www.tourism.government.bg/bg/stat.php?menuid=3&id=3">"Statistika dari Badan Pariwisata Bulgaria"</a>. Tourism.government.bg. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tourism.government.bg/bg/stat.php?menuid=3&id=3">versi asli</a> tanggal 2009-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistika+dari+Badan+Pariwisata+Bulgaria&rft.pub=Tourism.government.bg&rft.au=Mag+Studio+%E2%80%93+Pendekatan+kontemporer+dan+praktis+terhadap+desain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism.government.bg%2Fbg%2Fstat.php%3Fmenuid%3D3%26id%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lonelyplanet.com/albania/travel-tips-and-articles/76164#">10 negara teratas versi Lonely Planet pada 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101104050258/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/albania/travel-tips-and-articles/76164">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-11-04 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Lonely Planet, 31 Oktober 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediapool.bg/show/?storyid=142327">Железниците почват да возят с автобуси</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706144859/http://www.mediapool.bg/show/?storyid=142327">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., mediapool.bg, 11 Agustus 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parliament.europe.bg/htmls/page.php?id=14017&category=5">БЪЛГАРСКАТА ЖП МРЕЖА СЕ МОДЕРНИЗИРА С 580 МЛН.ЕВРО ЕВРОПЕЙСКИ СРЕДСТВА</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511203035/http://parliament.europe.bg/htmls/page.php?id=14017&category=5">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 24 April 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://botevgrad.com/news/?itemId=9124">"Влак-стрела ще минава през Ботевград до 2017 г"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pengeluaran+untuk+penelitian+dan+pengembangan&rft.pub=Eurostat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fportal%2Fpage%2Fportal%2Fscience_technology_innovation%2Fintroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Шопов, В. <i>Влиянието на Европейското научно пространство върху проблема “Изтичане на мозъци” в балканските страни</i>, сп. Наука, бр.1, 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinrich, M. dan H.L. Teoh (2004) Galantamine dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galanthus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galanthus (halaman belum tersedia)">galanthus</a> – pengembangan obat-obatan modern melawan penyakit Alzheimer dari pengetahuan lokal Kaukasus. <i>Jurnal Etnofarmakologi</i> 92: 147–162. <a href="/wiki/Pengenal_objek_digital" title="Pengenal objek digital">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.012">10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tinjauan Scott LJ, Goa KL. Adis: Galantamina: sebuah tinjauan penggunaannya pada penyakit Alzheimer. Obat-obatan 2000;60(5):1095-122 <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11129124?dopt=Abstract">PMID 11129124</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11541596">Percobaan rumah kaca antariksa selama enam bulan—langkah bagi penciptaan sistem pendukung kehidupan biologis masa depan.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202121928/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11541596">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-12-02 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Perpustakaan Kedokteran Nasional Amerika Serikat, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001118063200/http://www.space.com/missionlaunches/missions/mars_biosystems_000829.html">Masalah Biomedis harus dipecahkan untuk menjamin keamanan perjalanan manusia menuju Mars.</a>, 3 September 2000, space.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Lihatlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_space_travel_by_nationality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of space travel by nationality (halaman belum tersedia)">Riwayat perjalanan antariksa menurut kebangsaan</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120525030623/findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CGN/is_3689/ai_54987368/">IT Services: Rila Mendirikan Pijakan Bulgaria di Britania Raya</a>, findarticles.com, 24 Juni 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-outsourcingmonitor.eu-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-outsourcingmonitor.eu_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">www.OutourcingMonitor.EU (6 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outsourcingmonitor.eu/articles/outsourcing-to-bulgaria.html">"Bulgaria- Titik Api Terbaru di Eropa Timur | Peranti dan Kecerdasan Bisnis Lepas Pantai | Platform Pakar Tenaga-Kontrak Uni Eropa | Pasar Jerman terbuka akan Pelayanan Penyedia dari Luar Negeri"</a>. Outsourcingmonitor.eu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160830180050/http://www.outsourcingmonitor.eu/articles/outsourcing-to-bulgaria.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-08-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria-+Titik+Api+Terbaru+di+Eropa+Timur+%26%23124%3B+Peranti+dan+Kecerdasan+Bisnis+Lepas+Pantai+%26%23124%3B+Platform+Pakar+Tenaga-Kontrak+Uni+Eropa+%26%23124%3B+Pasar+Jerman+terbuka+akan+Pelayanan+Penyedia+dari+Luar+Negeri&rft.pub=Outsourcingmonitor.eu&rft.date=2006-08-06&rft.au=www.OutourcingMonitor.EU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.outsourcingmonitor.eu%2Farticles%2Foutsourcing-to-bulgaria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnevnik.bg/print/arhiv_za_grada/2008/08/24/541780_ban_veche_razpolaga_sus_superkompjutur_bez_analog_na/">"BAS kini mengoperasikan sebuah adikomputer (dalam bahasa Bulgaria)"</a>. Dnevnik.bg. 29 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181106205734/https://www.dnevnik.bg/print/arhiv_za_grada/2008/08/24/541780_ban_veche_razpolaga_sus_superkompjutur_bez_analog_na/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BAS+kini+mengoperasikan+sebuah+adikomputer+%28dalam+bahasa+Bulgaria%29&rft.pub=Dnevnik.bg&rft.date=2010-04-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnevnik.bg%2Fprint%2Farhiv_za_grada%2F2008%2F08%2F24%2F541780_ban_veche_razpolaga_sus_superkompjutur_bez_analog_na%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/25068.wss">Adikomputer IBM Mempercepat Kemajuan Bulgaria Menuju Ekonomi Berbasis Pengetahuan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805091609/https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/25068.wss">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-08-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., IBM Press Room, 9 September 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsi.bg/Census/Ethnos.htm">Lembaga Statistik Nasional Bulgaria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200616193102/https://www.nsi.bg/Census/Ethnos.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2020-06-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Diakses pada 31 Juli 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Kementerian Dalam Negeri menduga sejumlah (antara 500.000 sampai 600.000) <a href="/wiki/Orang_Rom" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Rom">Orang Rom</a>; hampir separo orang Rom biasanya menyatakan diri mereka sebagai orang Bulgaria atau Turki.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514220643/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2002rank.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eu&rank=229#bu">"CIA – The World Factbook = Population Growth Rate Rankings"</a>. CIA. 7 May 2010. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2002rank.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eu&rank=229#bu">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook+%3D+Population+Growth+Rate+Rankings&rft.pub=CIA&rft.date=2010-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2002rank.html%3FcountryName%3DBulgaria%26countryCode%3Dbu%26regionCode%3Deu%26rank%3D229%23bu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2287183,00.html">"Will EU Entry Shrink Bulgaria's Population Even More? | Europe | Deutsche Welle | 26.12.2006"</a>. Dw-world.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514194151/http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,2287183,00.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+EU+Entry+Shrink+Bulgaria%27s+Population+Even+More%3F+%26%23124%3B+Europe+%26%23124%3B+Deutsche+Welle+%26%23124%3B+26.12.2006&rft.pub=Dw-world.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw-world.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C2144%2C2287183%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsi2-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsi2_144-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110118003901/http://www.nsi.bg/otrasal.php?otr=19&a1=376&a2=387&a3=388#cont">"Tabel populasi NSI pada 2010"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsi.bg/otrasal.php?otr=19&a1=376&a2=387&a3=388#cont">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tabel+populasi+NSI+pada+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsi.bg%2Fotrasal.php%3Fotr%3D19%26a1%3D376%26a2%3D387%26a3%3D388%23cont&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-culturalpolicies.net-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-culturalpolicies.net_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Cultrual Policies and Trends in Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211849/http://www.culturalpolicies.net/web/bulgaria.php?aid=421">"Population by ethnic group and mother tongue, 2001"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalpolicies.net/web/bulgaria.php?aid=421">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+ethnic+group+and+mother+tongue%2C+2001&rft.au=Cultrual+Policies+and+Trends+in+Europe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalpolicies.net%2Fweb%2Fbulgaria.php%3Faid%3D421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kiminas, D. (2009). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=QLWqXrW2X-8C&lpg=PA2&ots=t4LMQbMa_B&dq=927%20recognized%20constantinople%20bulgarian%20patriarch&lr=&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q=927&f=false">The Ecumenical Patriarchate</a></i>. Wildside Press LLC. p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carvalho, Joaquim. (2007). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=jR98-Ata0CkC&lpg=PT257&lr=&pg=PT274#v=onepage&q=927&f=false">Religion and power in Europe: conflict and convergence</a></i>. Pisa University Press. p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110503185129/http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/article/Bulgaria/Bulgarian-Orthodox-Church/3127">"Bulgarian Orthodox Church"</a>. Kwintessential.co.uk. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/article/Bulgaria/Bulgarian-Orthodox-Church/3127">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-05-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgarian+Orthodox+Church&rft.pub=Kwintessential.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kwintessential.co.uk%2Farticles%2Farticle%2FBulgaria%2FBulgarian-Orthodox-Church%2F3127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spainexchange.com/guide/BG-religion.htm">"Religious beliefs in Bulgaria"</a>. Spainexchange.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515091331/http://www.spainexchange.com/guide/BG-religion.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religious+beliefs+in+Bulgaria&rft.pub=Spainexchange.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spainexchange.com%2Fguide%2FBG-religion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare <cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514220530/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eu&#bu">"[[CIA World Factbook|The world factbook]]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" title="CIA World Factbook">CIA World Factbook</a></i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eu&#bu">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2010</span>. <q>Bulgarian Orthodox 82.6%, Muslim 12.2%, other Christian 1.2%, other 4% (2001 census)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=The+world+factbook%3A+Field+listing%3A+Religions&rft.au=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2122.html%3FcountryName%3DBulgaria%26countryCode%3Dbu%26regionCode%3Deu%26%23bu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Konflik URL–wikilink (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#wikilink_in_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.bg/?page=const&lng=en">"The Bulgarian Constitution"</a>. Parliament.bg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101110001510/http://www.parliament.bg/?page=const&lng=en">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2010-11-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bulgarian+Constitution&rft.pub=Parliament.bg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.bg%2F%3Fpage%3Dconst%26lng%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lcweb2.loc.gov-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lcweb2.loc.gov_152-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lcweb2.loc.gov_152-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Country Profile: Bulgaria." Library of Congress Country Studies Program. October 2006. p6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050717162833/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Bulgaria.pdf">https://web.archive.org/web/20050717162833/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Bulgaria.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100620102401/http://www.ambsofia.um.dk/da/menu/Eksportraadgivning/Markedsmuligheder/Sektoranalyser/Outsourcing">"OUTSOURCING TO BULGARIA – Danmarks ambassade Bulgarien"</a>. Ambsofia.um.dk. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambsofia.um.dk/da/menu/Eksportraadgivning/Markedsmuligheder/Sektoranalyser/Outsourcing/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-06-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OUTSOURCING+TO+BULGARIA+%E2%80%93+Danmarks+ambassade+Bulgarien&rft.pub=Ambsofia.um.dk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambsofia.um.dk%2Fda%2Fmenu%2FEksportraadgivning%2FMarkedsmuligheder%2FSektoranalyser%2FOutsourcing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cp-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cp_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050717162833/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Bulgaria.pdf">Bulgaria country profile</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Research_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Research Division (halaman belum tersedia)">Federal Research Division</a> (October 2006). <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econ.bg/news/article169819/obrazovanie_zdrave_pensii_i_putishta-prioritetni_v_byudjet_2010">Образование, здраве, пенсии и пътища – приоритетни в Бюджет 2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511112805/http://www.econ.bg/news/article169819/obrazovanie_zdrave_pensii_i_putishta-prioritetni_v_byudjet_2010">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., econ.bg, 28 October 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econ.bg/news/article175683/bulgariya_e_sred_stranite_v_es_s_nay-visok_koeficient_na_bolnici">България е сред страните в ЕС с най-висок коефициент на болници</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018131220/http://www.econ.bg/news/article175683/bulgariya_e_sred_stranite_v_es_s_nay-visok_koeficient_na_bolnici">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-10-18 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., econ.bg, 17 February 2010. Accessed 30 August 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eu&rank=114#bu">Life expectancy at birth rankings</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514220555/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html?countryName=Bulgaria&countryCode=bu&regionCode=eu&rank=114#bu">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. CIA The World Factbook, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110905003155/http://www.nsi.bg/EPDOCS/Census2011pr.pdf">"Census 2011"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsi.bg/EPDOCS/Census2011pr.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2011-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2011-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsi.bg%2FEPDOCS%2FCensus2011pr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Head Direction of Residential Registration and Administrative Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grao.bg/tna/tab01.html">Population table by permanent and present address as of 15 March 2008</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101014100708/http://grao.bg/tna/tab01.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-10-14 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bulgaria/">"Bulgaria - The World Factbook"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109224217/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bulgaria/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-01-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CIA&rft.atitle=Bulgaria+-+The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fbulgaria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2006/12/gold-rush/williams-text">Bulgaria's Gold Rush</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716052621/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2006/12/gold-rush/williams-text">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-07-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i>National Geographic Magazine</i>, December 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acp-eucourier.info/Plovdiv-New-venture.1034.0.html">Plovdiv: New ventures for Europe’s oldest inhabited city</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511233048/http://www.acp-eucourier.info/Plovdiv-New-venture.1034.0.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., The Courier, January/February 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/picturegalleries/6242644/The-worlds-oldest-cities.html?image=12">The World's Oldest Cities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140316043057/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/picturegalleries/6242644/The-worlds-oldest-cities.html?image=12">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-03-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.articlearchives.com/reports-reviews-sections/chronologies/545649-1.html">New perspectives on the Varna cemetery (Bulgaria)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120512003512/http://www.articlearchives.com/reports-reviews-sections/chronologies/545649-1.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-05-12 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., By: Higham, Tom; Chapman, John; Slavchev, Vladimir; Gaydarska, Bisserka; Honch, Noah; Yordanov, Yordan; Dimitrova, Branimira; 1 September 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927170224/http://www.digsys.bg/books/cultural_heritage/thracian/thracian-intro.html">"The Thracian tomb in Kazanluk"</a>. Digsys.bg. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digsys.bg/books/cultural_heritage/thracian/thracian-intro.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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G. (17 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=725">"Elias Canetti"</a>. <i>Literary Encyclopedia</i>. The Literary Dictionary Company Limited. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1747-678X">1747-678X</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628181218/http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=725">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Literary+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Elias+Canetti&rft.date=2004-04-17&rft.issn=1747-678X&rft.aulast=Lorenz&rft.aufirst=Dagmar+C.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.litencyc.com%2Fphp%2Fspeople.php%3Frec%3Dtrue%26UID%3D725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sofiaecho.com/2009/04/02/699275_the-times-spirit-of-bourgas-amongst-europes-top-20-summer-festivals">The Times: Spirit of Bourgas amongst Europe's top 20 summer festivals</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511084141/http://sofiaecho.com/2009/04/02/699275_the-times-spirit-of-bourgas-amongst-europes-top-20-summer-festivals">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sofia_Echo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sofia Echo (halaman belum tersedia)">The Sofia Echo</a></i>, 2 April 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Research_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Federal Research Division (halaman belum tersedia)">Library of Congress – Federal Research Division</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Bulgaria.pdf">"Country Profile: Bulgaria"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Library of Congress. hlm. 18, <b>23</b>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050717162833/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Bulgaria.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> dari versi asli tanggal 2005-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2009</span>. <q>Mass Media: In 2006 Bulgaria’s print and broadcast media generally were considered unbiased, although the government dominated broadcasting through the state-owned Bulgarian National Television (BNT) and Bulgarian National Radio (BNR) and print news dissemination through the largest press agency, the Bulgarian Telegraph Agency. [...]Human Rights: In the early 2000s, Bulgaria generally has been rated highly on the issue of human rights. However, some exceptions exist. Although <b>the media have a record of unbiased reporting</b>, Bulgaria’s lack of specific legislation protecting the media from state interference is a theoretical weakness.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+Bulgaria&rft.pages=18%2C+%27%27%2723%27%27%27&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Library+of+Congress+%E2%80%93+Federal+Research+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FBulgaria.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-landscape-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-landscape_172-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-landscape_172-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-landscape_172-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejc.net/media_landscape/article/bulgaria/">Media Landscape – Bulgaria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722014211/http://www.ejc.net/media_landscape/article/bulgaria/">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-07-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., European Journalism Centre</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slusham.com/20-te-nay-gledani-predavaniya-sa-po-btv-bez-i.html">20-те най-гледани предавания са по bTV, без изключение!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120628220950/http://www.slusham.com/20-te-nay-gledani-predavaniya-sa-po-btv-bez-i.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-06-28 di <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a>, slusham.com, January 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-media-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-media_174-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-media_174-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110503185125/http://www.soros.org/initiatives/media/articles_publications/publications/financial-crisis-media-20091201/bulgaria-20091201.pdf">Footprint of Financial Crisis in the Media, Bulgaria Country Report</a>, Open Society Institute, December 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.internetworldstats.com/eu/bg.htm">"Bulgaria Internet Usage Stats and Market Report"</a>. Internetworldstats.com. 30 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024065818/https://www.internetworldstats.com/eu/bg.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria+Internet+Usage+Stats+and+Market+Report&rft.pub=Internetworldstats.com&rft.date=2010-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.internetworldstats.com%2Feu%2Fbg.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.investor.bg/?cat=5&id=60913">"Руснаците купиха 81 милиона литра българско вино"</a>. Investor.bg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230211092210/https://www.investor.bg/?cat=5&id=60913">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0+81+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE&rft.pub=Investor.bg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investor.bg%2F%3Fcat%3D5%26id%3D60913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lihatlah <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_wine-producing_countries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of wine-producing countries (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar negara penghasil minuman anggur</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fivb.org/en/volleyball/Rankings/Rank_men_2009_01.asp">"FIVB official rankings as per January 15, 2009"</a>. Fivb.org. 15 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090221190725/http://www.fivb.org/en/volleyball/Rankings/Rank_men_2009_01.asp">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FIVB+official+rankings+as+per+January+15%2C+2009&rft.pub=Fivb.org&rft.date=2009-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fivb.org%2Fen%2Fvolleyball%2FRankings%2FRank_men_2009_01.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.focus-fen.net/?id=n226457">Volleyball: Bulgaria wins second place in women’s European League</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511082559/http://www.focus-fen.net/?id=n226457">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., focus-nes.bg, 25 July 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cev.lu/mmp/online/website/main_menu/volleyball/european_league/2557/17141/17164/index_EN.html">2010 CEV European League – RESULTS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515022424/http://www.cev.lu/mmp/online/website/main_menu/volleyball/european_league/2557/17141/17164/index_EN.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-15 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Europ%C3%A9enne_de_Volleyball" class="mw-redirect" title="Confédération Européenne de Volleyball">Confédération Européenne de Volleyball</a> official website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epfl-europeanleagues.com/fao/hristo_stoichkov.htm">Hristo Stoichkov – Bulgarian League Ambassador</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111106213859/http://www.epfl-europeanleagues.com/fao/hristo_stoichkov.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-11-06 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Professional Football Against Hunger</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bulgarian.ibox.bg/news/id_452784631">Hristo Stoichkov: For sure Barcelona will win tonight</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515075410/http://bulgarian.ibox.bg/news/id_452784631">Diarsipkan</a> 2011-05-15 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., news.bg, 27.05.2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bgclubs.eu/ranking/points">"Rankings of A Group"</a>. Bgclubs.eu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303011806/http://bgclubs.eu/ranking/points">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rankings+of+A+Group&rft.pub=Bgclubs.eu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbgclubs.eu%2Franking%2Fpoints&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ingo Faulhaber. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iffhs.de/?a413f0e03790c443e0f40390b41be8b01905fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedb883ccb05ff1d">"Best club of 20th century ranking at the official site of the International Federation of Football History and Statistics"</a>. Iffhs.de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120524184019/http://www.iffhs.de/?a413f0e03790c443e0f40390b41be8b01905fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedb883ccb05ff1d">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+club+of+20th+century+ranking+at+the+official+site+of+the+International+Federation+of+Football+History+and+Statistics&rft.pub=Iffhs.de&rft.au=Ingo+Faulhaber&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iffhs.de%2F%3Fa413f0e03790c443e0f40390b41be8b01905fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedb883ccb05ff1d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lebih_lanjut">Bacaan lebih lanjut</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=32" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lebih lanjut"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><i>Negara dan Bangsa Jilid 7: Eropa, Amerika Utara</i>. Jakarta: Widyadara. 1988. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9798087062" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 979-8087-06-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negara+dan+Bangsa+Jilid+7%3A+Eropa%2C+Amerika+Utara&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Widyadara&rft.date=1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABulgaria" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Indonesia" lang="Indonesia">(Indonesia)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgaria&action=edit&section=33" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="commons:България"><b><i>България</i></b></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage memiliki panduan wisata <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bulgaria#Q219" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.bg/fce/index.shtml?s=001&p=0023">Situs resmi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090228093846/http://www.government.bg/fce/index.shtml?s=001&p=0023">Diarsipkan</a> 2009-02-28 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulgaria.com/index.html">Bulgaria.com</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Februari 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kirildouhalov.net">Kirildouhalov.net</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180322233833/http://kirildouhalov.net/">Diarsipkan</a> 2018-03-22 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Essential_History_of_Bulgaria_in_Seven_Pages" class="extiw" title="wikisource:en:Essential History of Bulgaria in Seven Pages">Sejarah Esensial Bulgaria di Tujuh Halaman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a 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mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kota_di_Bulgaria" title="Templat:Kota di Bulgaria"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kota_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kota di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kota_di_Bulgaria&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kota_di_Bulgaria_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Bulgaria&#124;link=Bulgaria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kota_di_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kota di Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Kota</a> di <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aitos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aitos (halaman belum tersedia)">Aitos</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asenovgrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asenovgrad (halaman belum tersedia)">Asenovgrad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blagoevgrad" title="Blagoevgrad">Blagoevgrad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botevgrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botevgrad (halaman belum tersedia)">Botevgrad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Burgas" title="Burgas">Burgas</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimitrovgrad,_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimitrovgrad, Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Dimitrovgrad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dobrich" title="Dobrich">Dobrich</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dupnitsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dupnitsa (halaman belum tersedia)">Dupnitsa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gabrovo" title="Gabrovo">Gabrovo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gorna_Oryahovitsa" title="Gorna Oryahovitsa">Gorna Oryahovitsa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gotse_Delchev_(kota)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gotse Delchev (kota) (halaman belum tersedia)">Gotse Delchev</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmanli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harmanli (halaman belum tersedia)">Harmanli</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Haskovo" title="Haskovo">Haskovo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karlovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karlovo (halaman belum tersedia)">Karlovo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karnobat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karnobat (halaman belum tersedia)">Karnobat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazanlak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazanlak (halaman belum tersedia)">Kazanlak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kardzhali" title="Kardzhali">Kardzhali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kyustendil" title="Kyustendil">Kyustendil</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lom,_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lom, Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Lom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lovech" title="Lovech">Lovech</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Montana,_Bulgaria" title="Montana, Bulgaria">Montana</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Zagora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nova Zagora (halaman belum tersedia)">Nova Zagora</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panagyurishte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panagyurishte (halaman belum tersedia)">Panagyurishte</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pazardzhik" title="Pazardzhik">Pazardzhik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pernik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pernik (halaman belum tersedia)">Pernik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petrich (halaman belum tersedia)">Petrich</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pleven" title="Pleven">Pleven</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razgrad (halaman belum tersedia)">Razgrad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rousse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rousse (halaman belum tersedia)">Rousse</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samokov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samokov (halaman belum tersedia)">Samokov</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandanski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandanski (halaman belum tersedia)">Sandanski</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sevlievo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sevlievo (halaman belum tersedia)">Sevlievo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Shumen" title="Shumen">Shumen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sliven" title="Sliven">Sliven</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smolyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smolyan (halaman belum tersedia)">Smolyan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora" title="Stara Zagora">Stara Zagora</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Svishtov" title="Svishtov">Svishtov</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Targovishte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Targovishte (halaman belum tersedia)">Targovishte</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Troyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Troyan (halaman belum tersedia)">Troyan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Varna" title="Varna">Varna</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Veliko_Tarnovo" title="Veliko Tarnovo">Veliko Tarnovo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Velingrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velingrad (halaman belum tersedia)">Velingrad</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vratsa" title="Vratsa">Vratsa</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yambol" title="Yambol">Yambol</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negara_di_Eropa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Negara_di_Eropa" title="Templat:Negara di Eropa"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Negara_di_Eropa" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Negara di Eropa"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Negara_di_Eropa&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara_di_Eropa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_di_Eropa" title="Daftar negara di Eropa">Negara</a> di <a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa">Eropa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_berdaulat" title="Daftar negara berdaulat">Negara<br />berdaulat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inggris" title="Inggris">Inggris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irlandia_Utara" title="Irlandia Utara">Irlandia Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skotlandia" title="Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko">Ceko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Irlandia" title="Republik Irlandia">Republik Irlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makedonia_Utara" title="Makedonia Utara">Makedonia Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowakia" title="Slowakia">Slowakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss" title="Swiss">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan">Vatikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_dengan_pengakuan_terbatas" title="Daftar negara dengan pengakuan terbatas">Negara dengan<br />pengakuan terbatas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Artsakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Artsakh">Republik Artsakh</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetia_Selatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossetia Selatan">Ossetia Selatan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siprus_Utara" title="Siprus Utara">Siprus Utara</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_dependensi" title="Wilayah dependensi">Dependensi</a> dan<br />wilayah lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepulauan_Faroe" title="Kepulauan Faroe">Kepulauan Faroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Man" title="Pulau Man">Pulau Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Terkadang dimasukkan ke <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, tergantung definisi perbatasan. <span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> <a href="/wiki/Negara_lintas_benua" title="Negara lintas benua">Negara lintas benua</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisasi_internasional" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Organisasi_internasional" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Organisasi internasional</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Uni_Eropa&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Uni_Eropa_(UE)_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Eropa&#124;link=Eropa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa (UE)</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Eropa" title="Eropa"><img alt="Eropa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceko" title="Ceko">Ceko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Irlandia" title="Republik Irlandia">Irlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowakia" title="Slowakia">Slowakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Calon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Makedonia">Republik Makedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Calon potensial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dewan_Eropa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Dewan_Eropa" title="Templat:Dewan Eropa"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Dewan_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Dewan Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Dewan_Eropa&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dewan_Eropa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Eropa" title="Dewan Eropa">Dewan Eropa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekretaris_Jenderal_Dewan_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekretaris Jenderal Dewan Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">Sekretaris Jenderal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komite_Menteri_Dewan_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komite Menteri Dewan Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">Komite Menteri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majelis_Parlementer_Dewan_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majelis Parlementer Dewan Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">Majelis Parlementer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kongres_Dewan_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kongres Dewan Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">Kongres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia Eropa">Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komisaris_Hak_Asasi_Manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komisaris Hak Asasi Manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Komisaris Hak Asasi Manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komisi_Eropa_Bidang_Efisiensi_Keadilan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komisi Eropa Bidang Efisiensi Keadilan (halaman belum tersedia)">Komisi Efisiensi Keadilan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komisi_Eropa_Bidang_Perlawanan_Rasisme_dan_Intoleransi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komisi Eropa Bidang Perlawanan Rasisme dan Intoleransi (halaman belum tersedia)">Komisi Perlawanan Rasisme dan Intoleransi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Map_of_Council_of_Europe_member_states_by_founding_and_later_members.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emas: Anggota pendiri. Biru: Anggota penuh non-pendiri (saat ini)."><img alt="Emas: Anggota pendiri. Biru: Anggota penuh non-pendiri (saat ini)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map_of_Council_of_Europe_member_states_by_founding_and_later_members.svg/120px-Map_of_Council_of_Europe_member_states_by_founding_and_later_members.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map_of_Council_of_Europe_member_states_by_founding_and_later_members.svg/180px-Map_of_Council_of_Europe_member_states_by_founding_and_later_members.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Map_of_Council_of_Europe_member_states_by_founding_and_later_members.svg/240px-Map_of_Council_of_Europe_member_states_by_founding_and_later_members.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negara_anggota_Dewan_Eropa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negara anggota Dewan Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">Anggota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Ceko" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Ceko">Republik Ceko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(negara)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (negara)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Irlandia" title="Republik Irlandia">Irlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Makedonia">Makedonia</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Belanda" title="Kerajaan Belanda">Belanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowakia" title="Slowakia">Slowakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss" title="Swiss">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pengamat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordo_Militer_Berdaulat_Malta" title="Ordo Militer Berdaulat Malta">Ordo Militer Berdaulat Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takhta_Suci" title="Takhta Suci">Takhta Suci</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bekas anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cekoslowakia" title="Cekoslowakia">Cekoslowakia (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protektorat_Saar" title="Protektorat Saar">Saar (asos. 1950–1956)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-size: smaller;"><div><sup>1</sup> Sementara disebut "bekas Republik Yugoslav Makedonia"; lihat <a href="/wiki/Sengketa_penamaan_Makedonia" title="Sengketa penamaan Makedonia">sengketa penamaan Makedonia</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisasi_untuk_Keamanan_dan_Kerja_sama_di_Eropa_(OSCE)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:OSCE" title="Templat:OSCE"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:OSCE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:OSCE (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:OSCE&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisasi_untuk_Keamanan_dan_Kerja_sama_di_Eropa_(OSCE)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisasi_untuk_Keamanan_dan_Kerja_sama_di_Eropa" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerja sama di Eropa">Organisasi untuk Keamanan dan Kerja sama di Eropa (OSCE)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:justify;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_dan_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia dan Herzegovina">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republik_Ceko" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Ceko">Republik Ceko</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Irlandia" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlandia">Irlandia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kirgizstan" title="Kirgizstan">Kirgizstan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia">Kroasia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republik_Makedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Makedonia">Republik Makedonia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Slowakia" title="Slowakia">Slowakia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Swiss" title="Swiss">Swiss</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vatikan" title="Vatikan">Vatikan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mitra kerja sama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:justify;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Aljazair" title="Aljazair">Aljazair</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia" title="Templat:Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia" title="Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia">Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sistem</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keanggotaan_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keanggotaan Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Keanggotaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembaga_Banding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembaga Banding (halaman belum tersedia)">Lembaga Banding</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lembaga_Penyelesaian_Sengketa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lembaga Penyelesaian Sengketa (halaman belum tersedia)">Lembaga Penyelesaian Sengketa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Perdagangan_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Perdagangan Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat Perdagangan Internasional</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garis_waktu_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garis waktu Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kronologi peristiwa penting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kritik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putaran_Pembangunan_Doha" title="Putaran Pembangunan Doha">Putaran Pembangunan Doha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isu_Singapura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isu Singapura (halaman belum tersedia)">Isu Singapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paket_Bali" title="Paket Bali">Paket Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penghapusan_Kuota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penghapusan Kuota (halaman belum tersedia)">Penghapusan Kuota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klausul_Perdamaian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klausul Perdamaian (halaman belum tersedia)">Klausul Perdamaian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perjanjian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_Agriculture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agreement on Agriculture (halaman belum tersedia)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_the_Application_of_Sanitary_and_Phytosanitary_Measures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (halaman belum tersedia)">Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_Technical_Barriers_to_Trade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (halaman belum tersedia)">Technical Barriers to Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_Trade_Related_Investment_Measures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures (halaman belum tersedia)">Trade Related Investment Measures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Trade_in_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="General Agreement on Trade in Services">Trade in Services</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agreement_on_Trade-Related_Aspects_of_Intellectual_Property_Rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (halaman belum tersedia)">Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Government_Procurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Agreement on Government Procurement">Government Procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Technology_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Technology Agreement">Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perjanjian_Marrakech&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perjanjian Marrakech (halaman belum tersedia)">Perjanjian Marrakech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deklarasi_Doha" title="Deklarasi Doha">Deklarasi Doha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_Konferensi_Menteri_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar Konferensi Menteri Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (halaman belum tersedia)">Konferensi<br />Menteri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Menteri_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia_1996&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Menteri Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia 1996 (halaman belum tersedia)">Ke-1 (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Menteri_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Menteri Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia 1998 (halaman belum tersedia)">Ke-2 (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Menteri_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Menteri Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia 1999 (halaman belum tersedia)">Ke-3 (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Menteri_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia_2001&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Menteri Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia 2001 (halaman belum tersedia)">Ke-4 (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Menteri_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Menteri Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia 2003 (halaman belum tersedia)">Ke-5 (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Menteri_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia_2005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Menteri Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia 2005 (halaman belum tersedia)">Ke-6 (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Menteri_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia_2009&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Menteri Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia 2009 (halaman belum tersedia)">Ke-7 (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Menteri_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Menteri Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia 2011 (halaman belum tersedia)">Ke-8 (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konferensi_Menteri_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia_2013" title="Konferensi Menteri Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia 2013">Ke-9 (2013)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tokoh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_Lamy" title="Pascal Lamy">Pascal Lamy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Direktur_Jenderal_Organisasi_Perdagangan_Dunia" title="Direktur Jenderal Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia">Direktur Jenderal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Azev%C3%AAdo" title="Roberto Azevêdo">Roberto Azevêdo</a> (Direktur Jenderal Terpilih)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supachai_Panitchpakdi" title="Supachai Panitchpakdi">Supachai Panitchpakdi</a> (Mantan Direktur Jenderal)</li> <li>Wakil Direktur Jenderal: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Jara" title="Alejandro Jara">Alejandro Jara</a></li> <li>Valentine Rugwabiza</li> <li>Harsha Singh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Yerxa" title="Rufus Yerxa">Rufus Yerxa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Albania (halaman belum tersedia)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Aljazair" title="Ekonomi Aljazair">Aljazair</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Angola (halaman belum tersedia)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Antigua_dan_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Antigua dan Barbuda (halaman belum tersedia)">Antigua dan Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Argentina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Argentina (halaman belum tersedia)">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Armenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Australia (halaman belum tersedia)">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Bahrain" title="Ekonomi Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Bangladesh" title="Ekonomi Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Barbados" title="Ekonomi Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Belize (halaman belum tersedia)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Benin" title="Ekonomi Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Bolivia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Bolivia (halaman belum tersedia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Botswana" title="Ekonomi Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Brasil" title="Ekonomi Brasil">Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekonomi Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Burkina Faso (halaman belum tersedia)">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Myanmar" title="Ekonomi Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Burundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Burundi (halaman belum tersedia)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Kamboja" title="Ekonomi Kamboja">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Kamerun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Kamerun (halaman belum tersedia)">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Kanada" title="Ekonomi Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Tanjung_Verde" title="Ekonomi Tanjung Verde">Tanjung Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Republik_Afrika_Tengah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Republik Afrika Tengah (halaman belum tersedia)">Republik Afrika Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Chad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Chad (halaman belum tersedia)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Chili" title="Ekonomi Chili">Chili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Kolombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Kolombia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kolombia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Republik_Demokratik_Kongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Republik Demokratik Kongo (halaman belum tersedia)">Republik Demokratik Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Republik_Kongo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Republik Kongo (halaman belum tersedia)">Republik Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Costa Rica (halaman belum tersedia)">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Côte d'Ivoire (halaman belum tersedia)">Côte d'Ivoire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Kuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Kuba (halaman belum tersedia)">Kuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Jibuti" title="Ekonomi Jibuti">Jibuti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Dominika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Dominika (halaman belum tersedia)">Dominika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Republik_Dominika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Republik Dominika (halaman belum tersedia)">Republik Dominika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Ekuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Ekuador (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Mesir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Mesir (halaman belum tersedia)">Mesir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi El Salvador (halaman belum tersedia)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Eswatini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Eswatini (halaman belum tersedia)">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Uni_Eropa" title="Ekonomi Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Fiji" title="Ekonomi Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Gabon (halaman belum tersedia)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Gambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Gambia (halaman belum tersedia)">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Georgia_(negara)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Georgia (negara) (halaman belum tersedia)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Ghana (halaman belum tersedia)">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Grenada (halaman belum tersedia)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Guatemala" title="Ekonomi Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Guinea (halaman belum tersedia)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Guinea-Bissau (halaman belum tersedia)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Guyana (halaman belum tersedia)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Haiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Haiti (halaman belum tersedia)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Honduras (halaman belum tersedia)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Hong_Kong" title="Ekonomi Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Islandia" title="Ekonomi Islandia">Islandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_India" title="Ekonomi India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Indonesia" title="Ekonomi Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Israel" title="Ekonomi Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Jamaika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Jamaika (halaman belum tersedia)">Jamaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Jepang" title="Ekonomi Jepang">Jepang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Yordania" title="Ekonomi Yordania">Yordania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Kenya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan#Ekonomi" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Kuwait" title="Ekonomi Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Kirgizstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Kirgizstan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kirgizstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Lesotho (halaman belum tersedia)">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Liechtenstein" title="Ekonomi Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Makau" title="Ekonomi Makau">Makau</a>²</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Makedonia_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Makedonia Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Makedonia Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Madagaskar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Madagaskar (halaman belum tersedia)">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Malawi (halaman belum tersedia)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Malaysia" title="Ekonomi Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Maladewa" title="Ekonomi Maladewa">Maladewa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Mali (halaman belum tersedia)">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Mauritania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Mauritania (halaman belum tersedia)">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Mauritius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Mauritius (halaman belum tersedia)">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Meksiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Meksiko (halaman belum tersedia)">Meksiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Moldova" title="Ekonomi Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Mongolia (halaman belum tersedia)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Montenegro (halaman belum tersedia)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Maroko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Maroko (halaman belum tersedia)">Maroko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Mozambik" title="Ekonomi Mozambik">Mozambik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Namibia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Namibia (halaman belum tersedia)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Nepal" title="Ekonomi Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Selandia_Baru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Selandia Baru (halaman belum tersedia)">Selandia Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Nikaragua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Nikaragua (halaman belum tersedia)">Nikaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Niger (halaman belum tersedia)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Nigeria (halaman belum tersedia)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Norwegia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Norwegia (halaman belum tersedia)">Norwegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Oman" title="Ekonomi Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Pakistan" title="Ekonomi Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Panama (halaman belum tersedia)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Papua_Nugini" title="Ekonomi Papua Nugini">Papua Nugini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Paraguay (halaman belum tersedia)">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Peru" title="Ekonomi Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Filipina" title="Ekonomi Filipina">Filipina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Qatar" title="Ekonomi Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Rusia" title="Ekonomi Rusia">Rusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Rwanda (halaman belum tersedia)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Saint_Kitts_dan_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Saint Kitts dan Nevis (halaman belum tersedia)">St. Kitts dan Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Saint Lucia (halaman belum tersedia)">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Saint_Vincent_dan_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Saint Vincent dan Grenadines (halaman belum tersedia)">St. Vincent dan Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Samoa (halaman belum tersedia)">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Saudi Arabia (halaman belum tersedia)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Senegal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Senegal (halaman belum tersedia)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Sierra Leone (halaman belum tersedia)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Singapura" title="Ekonomi Singapura">Singapura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Kepulauan_Solomon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Kepulauan Solomon (halaman belum tersedia)">Kepulauan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Afrika_Selatan" title="Ekonomi Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Sri_Lanka" title="Ekonomi Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Suriname (halaman belum tersedia)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Swiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Swiss (halaman belum tersedia)">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Taiwan" title="Ekonomi Taiwan">Taiwan</a>³</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Tanzania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Tanzania (halaman belum tersedia)">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Thailand" title="Ekonomi Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Tiongkok" title="Ekonomi Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Togo (halaman belum tersedia)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Tonga (halaman belum tersedia)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Trinidad_dan_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Trinidad dan Tobago (halaman belum tersedia)">Trinidad dan Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Tunisia" title="Ekonomi Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Turki" title="Ekonomi Turki">Turki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Uganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Uganda (halaman belum tersedia)">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Ukraina" title="Ekonomi Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Uni_Emirat_Arab" title="Ekonomi Uni Emirat Arab">Uni Emirat Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Ekonomi Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Uruguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Uruguay (halaman belum tersedia)">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Venezuela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Venezuela (halaman belum tersedia)">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Vietnam" title="Ekonomi Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Zambia (halaman belum tersedia)">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Zimbabwe" title="Ekonomi Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span style="text-align:left; font-size:85%"> <p>1. Ke-28 negara anggota <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> juga merupakan anggota WTO dengan hak sendiri: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Austria" title="Ekonomi Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Belgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Belgia (halaman belum tersedia)">Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Bulgaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Kroasia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Kroasia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Siprus" title="Ekonomi Siprus">Siprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Republik_Ceko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Republik Ceko (halaman belum tersedia)">Republik Ceko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Denmark (halaman belum tersedia)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Estonia (halaman belum tersedia)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Finlandia" title="Ekonomi Finlandia">Finlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Prancis" title="Ekonomi Prancis">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Jerman" title="Ekonomi Jerman">Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Yunani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Yunani (halaman belum tersedia)">Yunani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Hungaria" title="Ekonomi Hungaria">Hungaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Republik_Irlandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Republik Irlandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Irlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Italia (halaman belum tersedia)">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Latvia" title="Ekonomi Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Lituania" title="Ekonomi Lituania">Lituania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Luksemburg" title="Ekonomi Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Malta" title="Ekonomi Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Belanda" title="Ekonomi Belanda">Belanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Polandia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Portugal (halaman belum tersedia)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Rumania" title="Ekonomi Rumania">Rumania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Slovakia (halaman belum tersedia)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Slovenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Slovenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Spanyol" title="Ekonomi Spanyol">Spanyol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomi_Swedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomi Swedia (halaman belum tersedia)">Swedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi_Britania_Raya" title="Ekonomi Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a></li></ul> <p>2. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilayah_administratif_khusus_Republik_Rakyat_Tiongkok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilayah administratif khusus Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilayah administratif khusus Republik Rakyat Tiongkok</a>, terdaftar dengan nama "Hong Kong, Tiongkok" dan "Makau,Tiongkok". </p> 3. Secara resmi Republik Tiongkok, terdaftar dengan nama "<a href="/wiki/Tiongkok_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiongkok Taipei">Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu</a>"</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakta_Pertahanan_Atlantik_Utara_(NATO)" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Pakta_Pertahanan_Atlantik_Utara" title="Templat:Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Pakta_Pertahanan_Atlantik_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Pakta_Pertahanan_Atlantik_Utara&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pakta_Pertahanan_Atlantik_Utara_(NATO)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakta_Pertahanan_Atlantik_Utara" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara">Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara (NATO)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Negara anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Republik_Ceko" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Ceko">Republik Ceko</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Islandia" title="Islandia">Islandia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia">Kroasia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Makedonia_Utara" title="Makedonia Utara">Makedonia Utara</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Slowakia" title="Slowakia">Slowakia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lavender;">Calon anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negara_anggota_Kerja_Sama_Ekonomi_Laut_Hitam_(BSEC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:BSEC" title="Templat:BSEC"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:BSEC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:BSEC (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:BSEC&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara_anggota_Kerja_Sama_Ekonomi_Laut_Hitam_(BSEC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Negara anggota <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerja_Sama_Ekonomi_Laut_Hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerja Sama Ekonomi Laut Hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">Kerja Sama Ekonomi Laut Hitam (BSEC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a> • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a> • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a> • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a> • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a> • <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negara_anggota_Black_Sea_Naval_Co-operation_Task_Group_(BLACKSEAFOR)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:BLACKSEAFOR" title="Templat:BLACKSEAFOR"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:BLACKSEAFOR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:BLACKSEAFOR (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:BLACKSEAFOR&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara_anggota_Black_Sea_Naval_Co-operation_Task_Group_(BLACKSEAFOR)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Negara anggota <a href="/w/index.php?title=BLACKSEAFOR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BLACKSEAFOR (halaman belum tersedia)">Black Sea Naval Co-operation Task Group (BLACKSEAFOR)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Turki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Negara_anggota_dan_pengamat_La_Francophonie" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:La_Francophonie" title="Templat:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:La_Francophonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:La Francophonie (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:La_Francophonie&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Negara_anggota_dan_pengamat_La_Francophonie" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Negara anggota dan pengamat <a href="/wiki/Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophonie">La Francophonie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anggota</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Tengah" title="Afrika Tengah">Afrika Tengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominika" title="Dominika">Dominika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_Khatulistiwa" title="Guinea Khatulistiwa">Guinea Khatulistiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibuti" title="Jibuti">Jibuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamboja" title="Kamboja">Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komoro" title="Komoro">Komoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luksemburg" title="Luksemburg">Luksemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makedonia_Utara" title="Makedonia Utara">Makedonia Utara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesir" title="Mesir">Mesir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantai_Gading" title="Pantai Gading">Pantai Gading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Demokratik_Kongo" title="Republik Demokratik Kongo">Republik Demokratik Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Kongo" title="Republik Kongo">Republik Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumania" title="Rumania">Rumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sao_Tome_dan_Principe" title="Sao Tome dan Principe">Sao Tome dan Principe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss" title="Swiss">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Verde" title="Tanjung Verde">Tanjung Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani">Yunani</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bendera La Francophonie"><img alt="Bendera La Francophonie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/75px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg/113px-Flag_of_La_Francophonie.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Kroasia">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambik" title="Mozambik">Mozambik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Dominika" title="Republik Dominika">Republik Dominika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Irlandia" title="Republik Irlandia">Republik Irlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slowakia" title="Slowakia">Slowakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disanksi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Perjanjian_internasional" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Perjanjian_internasional" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Perjanjian internasional</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Penandatangan_Traktat_Antarktika" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Traktat_Antarktika" title="Templat:Traktat Antarktika"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Traktat_Antarktika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Traktat Antarktika (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Traktat_Antarktika&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Penandatangan_Traktat_Antarktika" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Penandatangan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_Traktat_Antarktika" title="Sistem Traktat Antarktika">Traktat Antarktika</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda">Belanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekuador" title="Ekuador">Ekuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finlandia" title="Finlandia">Finlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jepang" title="Jepang">Jepang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Selatan" title="Korea Selatan">Korea Selatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegia" title="Norwegia">Norwegia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selandia_Baru" title="Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol">Spanyol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedia" title="Swedia">Swedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republik_Rakyat_Tiongkok" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Rakyat Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraina" title="Ukraina">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4008866-2">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123254108">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404116342">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157021581">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/157021581">WorldCat (via VIAF)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90661486">Norwegia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451182">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118661130">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118661130">(data)</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384794">2</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb152384794">(data)</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=36709">Ukraina</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81032254">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561080">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128857&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35734063">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record2562">Yunani</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000984039&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nl.go.kr/authorities/resource/KAB202013793">Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810611947405606">Polandia</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/497_16795">Vatikan</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lembaga penelitian seni</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/755c906f-10f7-41d8-acf0-a7eed7393e99">KulturNav (Norway)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basis data ilmiah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12139121?l=en">CiNii (Jepang)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212489/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003350">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a href="/wiki/MBAREA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBAREA (identifier)">MusicBrainz</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/114c14ad-9776-34e9-81b0-6299507f3771">area</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045352">National Archives (US)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RERO_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (identifier)">RERO (Swiss)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000024899">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02725058X">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026408503">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/bulgaristan">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/uwksoo7L">UK Parliament</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" 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