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Opinion | Pragmatic Southeast Asia will adapt to Trump’s ‘America first’ agenda | South China Morning Post

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The newspaper is supported with its online publication scmp.com and its Sunday edition, Sunday Morning Post.","image":"https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/icons/scmp-icon-512x512.png","logo":"https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/icons/scmp-icon-512x512.png","name":"SCMP","telephone":"+852-2680-8888","url":"https://www.scmp.com"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebSite","name":"South China Morning Post","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","query-input":"required name=search_term_string","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.scmp.com/search/{search_term_string}"}},"url":"https://www.scmp.com"}</script><style data-emotion="css-global 8i2q3b">html,body,div,span,applet,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,code,del,dfn,img,ins,kbd,q,s,samp,small,strike,sub,sup,tt,var,u,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,article,aside,canvas,details,embed,figure,figcaption,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,output,ruby,section,summary,time,mark,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;font:inherit;font-size:100%;vertical-align:baseline;border:0;}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section{display:block;}body{line-height:1;}ol,ul{list-style:none;}blockquote,q{quotes:none;}blockquote:before,blockquote:after,q:before,q:after{content:"";content:none;}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}html{font-size:14px;scrollbar-gutter:stable;}body{block-size:-webkit-fit-content;block-size:-moz-fit-content;block-size:fit-content;padding-inline:0!important;font-family:Font Roboto,"Roboto fallback",sans-serif;background:#ffffff;overflow-x:hidden;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;}a{display:inline-block;color:#001246;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}b{font-weight:700;}i{font-style:italic;}*,*:before,*:after{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;}button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{margin:0;padding:0;font-size:100%;font-family:inherit;line-height:1.15;border:0;}input{background-color:#ffffff;}.grecaptcha-badge{display:none;}input[type="search"]{padding:0;}input[type="search"]::-ms-clear{display:none;inline-size:0;block-size:0;}input[type="search"]::-ms-reveal{display:none;inline-size:0;block-size:0;}input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-results-button,input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-results-decoration{display:none;}.bold-text{font-weight:bold;}#template-builder-container--mastheadrenewpopup>*{z-index:1301;}#speechify-api-paragraph-hover-button-container{z-index:1299!important;}</style><div data-qa="App-renderLayout-PageContainer" class="css-7cwzj1 e1t69p6b3"><div class="css-0 erz0pye0" data-qa="HamburgerMenu-Container"></div><header class="css-t2gjtu endoxya7" style="position:sticky;transform:none;transition:none" data-qa="AppBar-Container"><div data-qa="AppBar-FullWidthBackground" class="css-11nu6fn endoxya8"></div><div class="endoxya4 css-1b1u8s8 e1ywe5j619" data-qa="Header-Container"><div data-qa="Header-HeaderContainer" class="css-mw3fnh e1ywe5j621"></div></div><div id="header-bottom-container" data-qa="AppBar-renderLayout-HeaderBottomContainer" class="css-qi7d0q endoxya5"></div><div data-qa="AppBar-renderLayout-AdSlotContainer" class="css-1ya0qg6 endoxya6"></div></header><div data-qa="App-renderLayout-Content" class="css-o13c8i e1t69p6b0"><div data-qa="App-renderLayout-PageTransition" style="will-change:auto;opacity:1"><!--$--><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/comment","name":"Opinion"},"position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":{"@id":"https://www.scmp.com/comment/asia-opinion","name":"Asia Opinion"},"position":2}]}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://www.scmp.com/opinion/asia-opinion/article/3286339/pragmatic-southeast-asia-will-adapt-trumps-america-first-agenda","@type":"WebPage"}</script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":["NewsArticle","OpinionNewsArticle"],"alternativeHeadline":"Opinion | Pragmatic Southeast Asia will adapt to Trump’s ‘America first’ agenda","articleBody":"On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump will once again be sworn into office as president of the United States, eight years after he stood on the steps of the US Capitol for his first inauguration.\nSoutheast Asian leaders were quick to offer congratulatory messages as soon as it was clear Trump had won the election. But between now and his first day back in the Oval Office, there will be unequal parts trepidation, circumspection and optimism in the region about policy changes to expect from the incoming US administration.\nPart of the difficulty in anticipating how Trump’s re-election will impact US policy towards Southeast Asia is the president-elect’s mercurial temperament. Although Southeast Asia, like the rest of the world, has been put through a dry run of Trump’s presidency, a second Trump administration may not necessarily be a repeat of the first.\nThere will be more solid clues as Trump finalises his cabinet nominations but Southeast Asia is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House.\nTop of mind for Southeast Asia, which depends on trade and has been trying to make the most of rocky US-China relations, is whether Trump will follow through on his campaign promise to impose blanket 10 per cent tariffs on imports from all over the world. Vietnam, in particular, will be watching closely.\nIts persistent trade surpluses with the US during the first Trump administration led him to accuse Hanoi of taking “advantage of us even worse than China”. Vietnam’s trade surplus stood at US$70 billion in 2020, right before Trump left office. It has only grown since, reaching more than US$90 billion in the first nine months of this year.\n\n\nBut other Southeast Asian countries, like Malaysia, which have benefited from both China’s and the US’ supply chain de-risking strategies, also risk exposure to punitive economic measures if Sino-US relations worsen under the Trump administration 2.0.\nThe securitisation of technology, which took the shape of initiatives like the Clean Network during the first Trump term and continued quietly during the administration of Joe Biden, is likely to remain pervasive across all areas of tech – from platforms and infrastructure to policies and personnel – as the US seeks to maintain strategic dominance in this space.\nIn the short term, a shared interest in technology may present convenient deal-making opportunities for both Southeast Asia and the US as the region ramps up digitalisation. But Southeast Asian stakeholders must be clear-eyed about the long-term consequences of a comprehensive tech strategy that prioritises American national and commercial interests above others’, led by Washington and Silicon Valley.\nIn Southeast Asia, where tech policy is still nascent and governance frameworks are primarily crafted to encourage economic growth, a more liberal American regulatory ecosystem that privileges US Big Tech firms could exacerbate existing but overlooked social harms and risks precipitated by data-driven technologies.\n\nFor a region that has long prided itself on foreign policy pragmatism but that has been derided by some – including in the US – as lacking principles, Trump’s reputation for being transactional is not necessarily a negative. As his 2018 meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in Singapore showed, Trump’s unconventional leadership style can open room for negotiations otherwise deemed unthinkable even if that approach does not always net concrete results for peace or stability.\nWhether this translates to any break in tensions in the South China Sea or the Taiwan Strait depends on numerous variables, including the actions of regional players as well as Trump’s largely domestic priorities and preoccupations.\nOne of the biggest, underappreciated takeaways from Trump’s re-election this year is that the results reflect the US as it fundamentally is, not as some inside or outside the country wish it to be. The nation remains trenchantly divided on domestic, values-based issues, as the popular vote shows.\nBut Trump’s return to power on a solid red wave across the country carrying a message of US greatness, if not dominance, is far from an aberration, a phase or a snapshot in time of where the US is.\n\n\nUpholding US primacy – sometimes, even at the expense of partner countries – has been an equal staple of bipartisan agendas. Both Biden and Trump have favoured economic tools of statecraft, including tariffs and unilateral sanctions, to pressure countries to align with US policies.\nSoutheast Asian government and corporate leaders would know. They have faced difficult choices under both administrations on issues such as 5G and undersea communication cables, not only muddying the distinction between commercial and security decisions but also narrowing the strategic space for third countries to the stark, binary choice of either the US or China.\nUS preservation of self-interest will be even sharper in the face of a life-or-death crisis, as was clear when the world was beset by a cross-border pandemic with no reprieve in sight.\nThe difference between an “America first” and an “America only” policy from any US administration is ultimately, of tone. Southeast Asian governments will adapt just as they did the first time Trump took office and just as they did when Biden stepped into the White House. There will no doubt be frictions but there will also be no pretensions about such clashes, at least from Trump’s Washington.\nSoutheast Asian governments who know better now would do well to consolidate their positions – both individually and collectively as part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations – and diversify their own strategic portfolios as some have been doing.\n","articleSection":"Asia Opinion","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Elina Noor","sameAs":"https://www.scmp.com/author/elina-noor"},"dateCreated":"2024-11-13T12:05:04+08:00","dateModified":"2024-11-16T05:58:06+08:00","datePublished":"2024-11-16T05:30:08+08:00","description":"On January 20, 2025, ","genre":"Opinion","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","cssSelector":".piano-metering__paywall-container","isAccessibleForFree":"False"},"headline":"Opinion | Pragmatic Southeast Asia will adapt to Trump’s ‘America first’ 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data-qa="ContentHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><span color="#34b8b5" data-qa="ContentHeadlineTag-renderFlag-Flag" class="e11by3wf0 css-1s10ib5 e1q1c9am0">Opinion<span data-qa="ContentHeadlineTag-renderFlag-FlagDivider" class="css-0 e1q1c9am1"> | </span></span><span data-qa="ContentHeadline-Headline" class="css-0 e298i0d2">Pragmatic Southeast Asia will adapt to Trump’s ‘America first’ agenda</span></h1></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-SubHeadline" class="css-dfnclb ea45u6l20"><h3 class="er6t7fe4 css-19mvk5a e1ql5f172" data-qa="ContentSubHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">The region is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House</p></h3></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Sponsor" class="css-1qzrjqn ea45u6l19"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-ReadingTime" class="css-1ic67f3 ea45u6l18"><div class=" er6t7fe21 css-1cyqcxd e17crirv0" 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0"></feColorMatrix><feBlend mode="normal" in2="BackgroundImageFix" result="effect1_dropShadow_971_51319"></feBlend><feBlend mode="normal" in="SourceGraphic" in2="effect1_dropShadow_971_51319" result="shape"></feBlend></filter></defs></svg></figure></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-ContentContainer" class="css-wvfhp ea45u6l28"><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Author" class="css-plhgzi ea45u6l15"><div data-qa="AuthorNames-AuthorNamesContainer" class=" er6t7fe31 css-1fl3ncg eybiz6w3"><a target="_self" class="e163ld431 css-uvyeg2 e1llv60l0" href="/author/elina-noor" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Elina Noor</a></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PublishDateTime" class="css-mbzp8v ea45u6l14"><div class=" er6t7fe27 css-1qbx4v2 efakuk42" data-qa="Article20Date-Container"><time dateTime="2024-11-15T21:30:08.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-PublishedDate" class="css-0 efakuk41">Published: <!-- -->5:30am, 16 Nov 2024</time><time dateTime="2024-11-15T21:58:06.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-UpdatedDate" class="css-m6ip7c efakuk40">Updated: <!-- -->5:58am, 16 Nov 2024</time></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Correction" class="css-1ou8zht ea45u6l11"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Content" class="css-1u2o0u6 ea45u6l10"><section class="er6t7fe37 css-19sk4h4 e1pqt1t0" data-qa="ContentBody-ContentBodyContainer"><div class="js-reading-0-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">On January 20, 2025, <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3285460/its-trump-taut-race-ends-former-president-returning-white-house?module=inline&amp;pgtype=article?module=inline&amp;pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">Donald Trump</span></a> will once again be sworn into office as president of the United States, eight years after he stood on the steps of the US Capitol for his first inauguration.</div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-y2bwcc e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">Southeast Asian leaders were quick to offer congratulatory messages as soon as it was clear Trump had won the election. But between now and his first day back in the Oval Office, there will be unequal parts trepidation, circumspection and optimism in the region about policy changes to expect from the incoming <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3286463/trump-picks-china-critic-marco-rubio-his-secretary-state?module=top_story&amp;pgtype=section?module=inline&amp;pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">US administration</span></a>.</div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Part of the difficulty in anticipating how Trump’s re-election will impact US policy towards Southeast Asia is the president-elect’s mercurial temperament. Although Southeast Asia, like the rest of the world, has been put through a dry run of Trump’s presidency, a second Trump administration may not necessarily be a repeat of the first.</p><div class="js-reading-20-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">There will be more solid clues as Trump finalises <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3285848/how-could-hawkish-donald-trump-white-house-team-shape-us-china-ties?module=inline&amp;pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">his cabinet</span></a> nominations but Southeast Asia is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House.</div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">Top of mind for Southeast Asia, which depends on trade and has been trying to make the most of rocky US-China relations, is whether Trump will follow through on his campaign promise to impose <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3280118/donald-trumps-planned-china-tariffs-would-hurt-us-economy-and-job-growth-study?module=inline&amp;pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">blanket 10 per cent tariffs</span></a> on imports from all over the world. <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3271391/vietnam-losing-its-appeal-chinas-manufacturers-bypassing-us-tariffs?module=inline&amp;pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">Vietnam</span></a>, in particular, will be watching closely.</div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-gy323d e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">Its persistent trade surpluses with the US during the first Trump administration led him to accuse Hanoi of taking “advantage of us even worse than China”. Vietnam’s trade surplus stood at US$70 billion in 2020, right before Trump left office. It has only grown since, reaching more than US$90 billion in the first nine months of this year.</p></section></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PaywallContainer" class="css-1kfpym9 ea45u6l1"><div class="er6t7fe22 piano-metering__paywall-container css-1e938sv e1x97qwg1" data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-Container"><div data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-LoadingContainer" class="css-hu4lls e1x97qwg2"><div class="css-1px2vm1 e1hb2u5e0" data-qa="Loading-CenteredContainer"><img aria-label="loading" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="eager" src="https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/_next/static/media/wheel-on-gray.af4a55f9.gif" class="css-o105sx e445x7d0"/></div></div><div class="article-view__piano-metering css-16o2qwc e1x97qwg0" data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-Wrapper"></div></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-AuthorDetail" class="css-17kn4z6 ea45u6l7"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-BottomCarousel" class="css-1fuqt2g ea45u6l8"></div><div 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...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: 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style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ...atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4\n ...atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n headline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n copyrighted\n entityUuid\n socialHeadline\n sponsor\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationsSection on Section {\n ...notificationSection\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment imageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent\n}\n\nfragment infographicArticleArticle on Article {\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...landingBannerInfographicArticle\n}\n\nfragment inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment issuesNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n }\n ...issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment itemLiveArticleContentArticle on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment landingBannerInfographicArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n headline\n topics {\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n title\n url\n }\n coverHero: image(filter: {type: HERO}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment liveArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n flag\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n ...contentLiveArticleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...newsletterWidgetLiveArticleArticle\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n}\n\nfragment liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n liveArticle(filter: {entityUuid: $entityUuid}) {\n customTimezone\n liveContents {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n title\n body {\n text\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...entityLink\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S\n}\n\nfragment morningStudioArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...headerMorningStudioArticle\n}\n\nfragment morningStudioArticleFooterContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityUuid\n topics {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment newsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n ...contentNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...headerNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment newsletterWidgetLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment notificationSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...photoGalleryDialogContent\n}\n\nfragment pianoIntegrationArticle on Article {\n __typename\n contentLock\n createdDate\n entityId\n entityUuid\n headline\n publishedDate\n sponsor\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n ...helpersIsArchiveWallArticle\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...useShareContentUnlockedArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleAuthorBlockArticle on Article {\n ...articleDateContent\n ...authorNamesArticle\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleTitleArticle on Article {\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...articleTitleArticle\n ...plusArticleTypeTitleContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleTypeTitleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n areaOfExpertise\n}\n\nfragment plusColumnsArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articleTitleArticle\n ...blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment plusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n ...blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent\n ...factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent\n ...plusArticleTitleArticle\n}\n\nfragment popupArticle20ShareMenuContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment postMagazineArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...genericArticleContent\n}\n\nfragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment seriesArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...seriesPrimaryContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...seriesBannerContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment seriesBannerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment seriesPrimaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe\n}\n\nfragment shareArticle20Content on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...popupArticle20ShareMenuContent\n}\n\nfragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {\n name\n type\n images {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment styleArticleAuthorBlockArticle on Article {\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n sponsor {\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n authors {\n ...authorNameAuthor\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment styleArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...styleArticleAuthorBlockArticle\n}\n\nfragment 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}\n}\n\nfragment articleLinkingDataContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleListArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...articleDividerArticle\n ...articleFooterArticle\n ...articlePaginationCheckerArticle\n ...articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4\n ...articleRecommendationArticle\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n ...articleRenderArticle_3o8td4\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent\n ...contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n images {\n url\n style(filter: {style: \"237x147\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle on Article {\n styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallContainerArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReactionArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n name\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoTopicsContent\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePaywallContainerArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReactionArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleContent\n ...postMagazineArticleContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n ...contentActionBarContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment 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Photo: NurPhoto/Getty Images","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg","isSlideshow":null,"sizeLandscape250x99":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_250_99/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=WkZDlFV8"},"size1280x720":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=Wqqbo8dW"},"size1200x800":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=hR170OHA"},"size1020x680":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1020x680/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=47EtDqKF"},"size768x768":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=jWAucYYr"},"landscape250x99":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_250_99/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=WkZDlFV8"},"size540x360":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=Cs0O0hrA"},"height":1333,"width":2000}],"disableOffPlatformContent":[],"published":true,"sponsorType":null,"publishedDate":1731706208000,"updatedDate":1731707886000,"summary":{"text":"The region is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The region is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"The region is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The region is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House"}]}]},"body":{"text":"On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump will once again be sworn into office as president of the United States, eight years after he stood on the steps of the US Capitol for his first inauguration.\nSoutheast Asian leaders were quick to offer congratulatory messages as soon as it was clear Trump had won the election. But between now and his first day back in the Oval Office, there will be unequal parts trepidation, circumspection and optimism in the region about policy changes to expect from the incoming US administration.\nPart of the difficulty in anticipating how Trump’s re-election will impact US policy towards Southeast Asia is the president-elect’s mercurial temperament. Although Southeast Asia, like the rest of the world, has been put through a dry run of Trump’s presidency, a second Trump administration may not necessarily be a repeat of the first.\nThere will be more solid clues as Trump finalises his cabinet nominations but Southeast Asia is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House.\nTop of mind for Southeast Asia, which depends on trade and has been trying to make the most of rocky US-China relations, is whether Trump will follow through on his campaign promise to impose blanket 10 per cent tariffs on imports from all over the world. Vietnam, in particular, will be watching closely.\nIts persistent trade surpluses with the US during the first Trump administration led him to accuse Hanoi of taking “advantage of us even worse than China”. Vietnam’s trade surplus stood at US$70 billion in 2020, right before Trump left office. It has only grown since, reaching more than US$90 billion in the first nine months of this year.\n\n\nBut other Southeast Asian countries, like Malaysia, which have benefited from both China’s and the US’ supply chain de-risking strategies, also risk exposure to punitive economic measures if Sino-US relations worsen under the Trump administration 2.0.\nThe securitisation of technology, which took the shape of initiatives like the Clean Network during the first Trump term and continued quietly during the administration of Joe Biden, is likely to remain pervasive across all areas of tech – from platforms and infrastructure to policies and personnel – as the US seeks to maintain strategic dominance in this space.\nIn the short term, a shared interest in technology may present convenient deal-making opportunities for both Southeast Asia and the US as the region ramps up digitalisation. But Southeast Asian stakeholders must be clear-eyed about the long-term consequences of a comprehensive tech strategy that prioritises American national and commercial interests above others’, led by Washington and Silicon Valley.\nIn Southeast Asia, where tech policy is still nascent and governance frameworks are primarily crafted to encourage economic growth, a more liberal American regulatory ecosystem that privileges US Big Tech firms could exacerbate existing but overlooked social harms and risks precipitated by data-driven technologies.\n\nFor a region that has long prided itself on foreign policy pragmatism but that has been derided by some – including in the US – as lacking principles, Trump’s reputation for being transactional is not necessarily a negative. As his 2018 meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in Singapore showed, Trump’s unconventional leadership style can open room for negotiations otherwise deemed unthinkable even if that approach does not always net concrete results for peace or stability.\nWhether this translates to any break in tensions in the South China Sea or the Taiwan Strait depends on numerous variables, including the actions of regional players as well as Trump’s largely domestic priorities and preoccupations.\nOne of the biggest, underappreciated takeaways from Trump’s re-election this year is that the results reflect the US as it fundamentally is, not as some inside or outside the country wish it to be. The nation remains trenchantly divided on domestic, values-based issues, as the popular vote shows.\nBut Trump’s return to power on a solid red wave across the country carrying a message of US greatness, if not dominance, is far from an aberration, a phase or a snapshot in time of where the US is.\n\n\nUpholding US primacy – sometimes, even at the expense of partner countries – has been an equal staple of bipartisan agendas. Both Biden and Trump have favoured economic tools of statecraft, including tariffs and unilateral sanctions, to pressure countries to align with US policies.\nSoutheast Asian government and corporate leaders would know. They have faced difficult choices under both administrations on issues such as 5G and undersea communication cables, not only muddying the distinction between commercial and security decisions but also narrowing the strategic space for third countries to the stark, binary choice of either the US or China.\nUS preservation of self-interest will be even sharper in the face of a life-or-death crisis, as was clear when the world was beset by a cross-border pandemic with no reprieve in sight.\nThe difference between an “America first” and an “America only” policy from any US administration is ultimately, of tone. Southeast Asian governments will adapt just as they did the first time Trump took office and just as they did when Biden stepped into the White House. There will no doubt be frictions but there will also be no pretensions about such clashes, at least from Trump’s Washington.\nSoutheast Asian governments who know better now would do well to consolidate their positions – both individually and collectively as part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations – and diversify their own strategic portfolios as some have been doing.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On January 20, 2025, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3285460/its-trump-taut-race-ends-former-president-returning-white-house?module=inline\u0026pgtype=article","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"055affef-0ee0-44a0-bb66-5aba13244826","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Donald Trump"}]},{"type":"text","data":" will once again be sworn into office as president of the United States, eight years after he stood on the steps of the US Capitol for his first inauguration."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Southeast Asian leaders were quick to offer congratulatory messages as soon as it was clear Trump had won the election. But between now and his first day back in the Oval Office, there will be unequal parts trepidation, circumspection and optimism in the region about policy changes to expect from the incoming "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3286463/trump-picks-china-critic-marco-rubio-his-secretary-state?module=top_story\u0026pgtype=section","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"2e83120f-9c6d-4af5-99b2-a59db3ced067","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"US administration"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Part of the difficulty in anticipating how Trump’s re-election will impact US policy towards Southeast Asia is the president-elect’s mercurial temperament. Although Southeast Asia, like the rest of the world, has been put through a dry run of Trump’s presidency, a second Trump administration may not necessarily be a repeat of the first."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"There will be more solid clues as Trump finalises "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3285848/how-could-hawkish-donald-trump-white-house-team-shape-us-china-ties","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"66b8e560-5138-4885-89bf-f7c3eb1d03ec","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"his cabinet"}]},{"type":"text","data":" nominations but Southeast Asia is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Top of mind for Southeast Asia, which depends on trade and has been trying to make the most of rocky US-China relations, is whether Trump will follow through on his campaign promise to impose "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3280118/donald-trumps-planned-china-tariffs-would-hurt-us-economy-and-job-growth-study","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"d2d3084c-1bef-4c95-9d72-a9012e65ebe5","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"blanket 10 per cent tariffs"}]},{"type":"text","data":" on imports from all over the world. "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3271391/vietnam-losing-its-appeal-chinas-manufacturers-bypassing-us-tariffs","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"5dc9e8de-33d1-43c7-8a45-2e839a1fe975","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Vietnam"}]},{"type":"text","data":", in particular, will be watching closely."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Its persistent trade surpluses with the US during the first Trump administration led him to accuse Hanoi of taking “advantage of us even worse than China”. Vietnam’s trade surplus stood at US$70 billion in 2020, right before Trump left office. It has only grown since, reaching more than US$90 billion in the first nine months of this year."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture","class":"c1","frameborder":"0","width":"560","height":"315","scrolling":"no","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/7559MNgAJuU?wmode=transparent\u0026jqoemcache=UdCOW\u0026enablejsapi=1\u0026playsinline=1","title":"‘Digital farmers’: fed up with low wages, young Vietnamese farmers turn to TikTok","data-poster-sm":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/12/12/thumb-final.jpg?itok=ADXmOgTy","data-poster-lg":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/12/12/thumb-final.jpg?itok=Jk1jdYXm","data-poster":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/12/12/thumb-final.jpg","data-duration":"03:32","data-video-source":"SCMP","data-nid":"3244783","data-youtube-id":"7559MNgAJuU"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But other Southeast Asian countries, like "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3278308/malaysia-strong-investment-hub-thanks-its-open-policy-amid-us-china-rivalry-trade-chief","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"a0b4ea17-38d1-4044-9aca-07bfaaa3a14b","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Malaysia"}]},{"type":"text","data":", which have benefited from both China’s and the US’ supply chain de-risking strategies, also risk exposure to punitive economic measures if Sino-US relations worsen under the Trump administration 2.0."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The securitisation of technology, which took the shape of initiatives like the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3284708/heated-us-china-cable-competition-under-seas","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"89acc436-579d-4e38-be0f-63a08fbbfa1a","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Clean Network"}]},{"type":"text","data":" during the first Trump term and continued quietly during the administration of "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3282064/biden-skips-southeast-asia-summits-us-losing-influence-region","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"1bdf9c0e-27ba-4e65-b52d-04e8e0d3cfa3","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Joe Biden"}]},{"type":"text","data":", is likely to remain pervasive across all areas of tech – from platforms and infrastructure to policies and personnel – as the US seeks to maintain strategic dominance in this space."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In the short term, a shared interest in technology may present convenient deal-making opportunities for both Southeast Asia and the US as the region ramps up digitalisation. But Southeast Asian stakeholders must be clear-eyed about the long-term consequences of a comprehensive tech strategy that prioritises American national and commercial interests above others’, led by Washington and "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3245306/silicon-valley-us-military-ties-key-beating-china-top-pentagon-official","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"cfdef950-5872-4cd1-99ef-780185f5cd4f","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Silicon Valley"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In Southeast Asia, where tech policy is still nascent and governance frameworks are primarily crafted to encourage economic growth, a more liberal American regulatory ecosystem that privileges US Big Tech firms could exacerbate existing but overlooked "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/comment/asia-opinion/article/3256966/embracing-ai-southeast-asia-must-consider-sobering-climate-costs","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"06e2e349-5386-4b45-8938-091297b95952","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"social harms and risks"}]},{"type":"text","data":" precipitated by data-driven technologies."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg","data-fid":"15808446","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1333","title":"People use smartphones as they walk through the business district in Jakarta, Indonesia, on June 30, 2022. 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As his "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/2150396/trump-kim-summit-singapore-uses-historic-meet","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"3fac7159-9f39-4503-8525-998ec9aeaafd","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"2018 meeting"}]},{"type":"text","data":" with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in Singapore showed, Trump’s unconventional leadership style can open room for negotiations otherwise deemed unthinkable even if that approach does not always net concrete results for peace or stability."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Whether this translates to any break in tensions in the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/opinion/asia-opinion/article/3281677/how-south-china-sea-disputes-are-uniting-asean-states","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"6fa12405-0858-443e-92bd-590b4f40fa86","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"South China Sea"}]},{"type":"text","data":" or the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3286227/why-donald-trumps-win-could-mean-defence-budget-nightmare-taiwan","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"1fb881bc-5eca-4e55-884a-4b253987bc75","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Taiwan Strait"}]},{"type":"text","data":" depends on numerous variables, including the actions of regional players as well as Trump’s largely domestic priorities and preoccupations."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"One of the biggest, underappreciated takeaways from Trump’s re-election this year is that the results reflect the US as it fundamentally is, not as some inside or outside the country wish it to be. 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Photo: NurPhoto/Getty Images","url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg","isSlideshow":null,"sizeLandscape250x99":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_250_99/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=WkZDlFV8"},"size1280x720":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=Wqqbo8dW"},"size1200x800":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=hR170OHA"},"size1020x680":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1020x680/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=47EtDqKF"},"size768x768":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=jWAucYYr"},"landscape250x99":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/landscape_250_99/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=WkZDlFV8"},"size540x360":{"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/540x360/public/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg?itok=Cs0O0hrA"},"height":1333,"width":2000}],"disableOffPlatformContent":[],"published":true,"sponsorType":null,"publishedDate":1731706208000,"updatedDate":1731707886000,"summary":{"text":"The region is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The region is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"The region is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The region is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House"}]}]},"body":{"text":"On January 20, 2025, Donald Trump will once again be sworn into office as president of the United States, eight years after he stood on the steps of the US Capitol for his first inauguration.\nSoutheast Asian leaders were quick to offer congratulatory messages as soon as it was clear Trump had won the election. But between now and his first day back in the Oval Office, there will be unequal parts trepidation, circumspection and optimism in the region about policy changes to expect from the incoming US administration.\nPart of the difficulty in anticipating how Trump’s re-election will impact US policy towards Southeast Asia is the president-elect’s mercurial temperament. Although Southeast Asia, like the rest of the world, has been put through a dry run of Trump’s presidency, a second Trump administration may not necessarily be a repeat of the first.\nThere will be more solid clues as Trump finalises his cabinet nominations but Southeast Asia is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House.\nTop of mind for Southeast Asia, which depends on trade and has been trying to make the most of rocky US-China relations, is whether Trump will follow through on his campaign promise to impose blanket 10 per cent tariffs on imports from all over the world. Vietnam, in particular, will be watching closely.\nIts persistent trade surpluses with the US during the first Trump administration led him to accuse Hanoi of taking “advantage of us even worse than China”. Vietnam’s trade surplus stood at US$70 billion in 2020, right before Trump left office. It has only grown since, reaching more than US$90 billion in the first nine months of this year.\n\n\nBut other Southeast Asian countries, like Malaysia, which have benefited from both China’s and the US’ supply chain de-risking strategies, also risk exposure to punitive economic measures if Sino-US relations worsen under the Trump administration 2.0.\nThe securitisation of technology, which took the shape of initiatives like the Clean Network during the first Trump term and continued quietly during the administration of Joe Biden, is likely to remain pervasive across all areas of tech – from platforms and infrastructure to policies and personnel – as the US seeks to maintain strategic dominance in this space.\nIn the short term, a shared interest in technology may present convenient deal-making opportunities for both Southeast Asia and the US as the region ramps up digitalisation. But Southeast Asian stakeholders must be clear-eyed about the long-term consequences of a comprehensive tech strategy that prioritises American national and commercial interests above others’, led by Washington and Silicon Valley.\nIn Southeast Asia, where tech policy is still nascent and governance frameworks are primarily crafted to encourage economic growth, a more liberal American regulatory ecosystem that privileges US Big Tech firms could exacerbate existing but overlooked social harms and risks precipitated by data-driven technologies.\n\nFor a region that has long prided itself on foreign policy pragmatism but that has been derided by some – including in the US – as lacking principles, Trump’s reputation for being transactional is not necessarily a negative. As his 2018 meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in Singapore showed, Trump’s unconventional leadership style can open room for negotiations otherwise deemed unthinkable even if that approach does not always net concrete results for peace or stability.\nWhether this translates to any break in tensions in the South China Sea or the Taiwan Strait depends on numerous variables, including the actions of regional players as well as Trump’s largely domestic priorities and preoccupations.\nOne of the biggest, underappreciated takeaways from Trump’s re-election this year is that the results reflect the US as it fundamentally is, not as some inside or outside the country wish it to be. The nation remains trenchantly divided on domestic, values-based issues, as the popular vote shows.\nBut Trump’s return to power on a solid red wave across the country carrying a message of US greatness, if not dominance, is far from an aberration, a phase or a snapshot in time of where the US is.\n\n\nUpholding US primacy – sometimes, even at the expense of partner countries – has been an equal staple of bipartisan agendas. Both Biden and Trump have favoured economic tools of statecraft, including tariffs and unilateral sanctions, to pressure countries to align with US policies.\nSoutheast Asian government and corporate leaders would know. They have faced difficult choices under both administrations on issues such as 5G and undersea communication cables, not only muddying the distinction between commercial and security decisions but also narrowing the strategic space for third countries to the stark, binary choice of either the US or China.\nUS preservation of self-interest will be even sharper in the face of a life-or-death crisis, as was clear when the world was beset by a cross-border pandemic with no reprieve in sight.\nThe difference between an “America first” and an “America only” policy from any US administration is ultimately, of tone. Southeast Asian governments will adapt just as they did the first time Trump took office and just as they did when Biden stepped into the White House. There will no doubt be frictions but there will also be no pretensions about such clashes, at least from Trump’s Washington.\nSoutheast Asian governments who know better now would do well to consolidate their positions – both individually and collectively as part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations – and diversify their own strategic portfolios as some have been doing.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"On January 20, 2025, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3285460/its-trump-taut-race-ends-former-president-returning-white-house?module=inline\u0026pgtype=article","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"055affef-0ee0-44a0-bb66-5aba13244826","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Donald Trump"}]},{"type":"text","data":" will once again be sworn into office as president of the United States, eight years after he stood on the steps of the US Capitol for his first inauguration."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Southeast Asian leaders were quick to offer congratulatory messages as soon as it was clear Trump had won the election. But between now and his first day back in the Oval Office, there will be unequal parts trepidation, circumspection and optimism in the region about policy changes to expect from the incoming "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3286463/trump-picks-china-critic-marco-rubio-his-secretary-state?module=top_story\u0026pgtype=section","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"2e83120f-9c6d-4af5-99b2-a59db3ced067","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"US administration"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Part of the difficulty in anticipating how Trump’s re-election will impact US policy towards Southeast Asia is the president-elect’s mercurial temperament. Although Southeast Asia, like the rest of the world, has been put through a dry run of Trump’s presidency, a second Trump administration may not necessarily be a repeat of the first."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"There will be more solid clues as Trump finalises "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3285848/how-could-hawkish-donald-trump-white-house-team-shape-us-china-ties","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"66b8e560-5138-4885-89bf-f7c3eb1d03ec","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"his cabinet"}]},{"type":"text","data":" nominations but Southeast Asia is already bracing itself for the reinstatement of a more transactional and nationalist policy agenda in the White House."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Top of mind for Southeast Asia, which depends on trade and has been trying to make the most of rocky US-China relations, is whether Trump will follow through on his campaign promise to impose "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3280118/donald-trumps-planned-china-tariffs-would-hurt-us-economy-and-job-growth-study","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"d2d3084c-1bef-4c95-9d72-a9012e65ebe5","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"blanket 10 per cent tariffs"}]},{"type":"text","data":" on imports from all over the world. "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3271391/vietnam-losing-its-appeal-chinas-manufacturers-bypassing-us-tariffs","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"5dc9e8de-33d1-43c7-8a45-2e839a1fe975","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Vietnam"}]},{"type":"text","data":", in particular, will be watching closely."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Its persistent trade surpluses with the US during the first Trump administration led him to accuse Hanoi of taking “advantage of us even worse than China”. Vietnam’s trade surplus stood at US$70 billion in 2020, right before Trump left office. It has only grown since, reaching more than US$90 billion in the first nine months of this year."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture","class":"c1","frameborder":"0","width":"560","height":"315","scrolling":"no","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/7559MNgAJuU?wmode=transparent\u0026jqoemcache=UdCOW\u0026enablejsapi=1\u0026playsinline=1","title":"‘Digital farmers’: fed up with low wages, young Vietnamese farmers turn to TikTok","data-poster-sm":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/12/12/thumb-final.jpg?itok=ADXmOgTy","data-poster-lg":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/12/12/thumb-final.jpg?itok=Jk1jdYXm","data-poster":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/video/thumbnail/2023/12/12/thumb-final.jpg","data-duration":"03:32","data-video-source":"SCMP","data-nid":"3244783","data-youtube-id":"7559MNgAJuU"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"But other Southeast Asian countries, like "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3278308/malaysia-strong-investment-hub-thanks-its-open-policy-amid-us-china-rivalry-trade-chief","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"a0b4ea17-38d1-4044-9aca-07bfaaa3a14b","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Malaysia"}]},{"type":"text","data":", which have benefited from both China’s and the US’ supply chain de-risking strategies, also risk exposure to punitive economic measures if Sino-US relations worsen under the Trump administration 2.0."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The securitisation of technology, which took the shape of initiatives like the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3284708/heated-us-china-cable-competition-under-seas","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"89acc436-579d-4e38-be0f-63a08fbbfa1a","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Clean Network"}]},{"type":"text","data":" during the first Trump term and continued quietly during the administration of "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3282064/biden-skips-southeast-asia-summits-us-losing-influence-region","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"1bdf9c0e-27ba-4e65-b52d-04e8e0d3cfa3","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Joe Biden"}]},{"type":"text","data":", is likely to remain pervasive across all areas of tech – from platforms and infrastructure to policies and personnel – as the US seeks to maintain strategic dominance in this space."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In the short term, a shared interest in technology may present convenient deal-making opportunities for both Southeast Asia and the US as the region ramps up digitalisation. But Southeast Asian stakeholders must be clear-eyed about the long-term consequences of a comprehensive tech strategy that prioritises American national and commercial interests above others’, led by Washington and "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3245306/silicon-valley-us-military-ties-key-beating-china-top-pentagon-official","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"cfdef950-5872-4cd1-99ef-780185f5cd4f","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Silicon Valley"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In Southeast Asia, where tech policy is still nascent and governance frameworks are primarily crafted to encourage economic growth, a more liberal American regulatory ecosystem that privileges US Big Tech firms could exacerbate existing but overlooked "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/comment/asia-opinion/article/3256966/embracing-ai-southeast-asia-must-consider-sobering-climate-costs","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"06e2e349-5386-4b45-8938-091297b95952","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"social harms and risks"}]},{"type":"text","data":" precipitated by data-driven technologies."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"image-inline-container"},"children":[{"type":"img","attribs":{"class":"image-inline caption","src":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/11/13/8449225f-bdb3-4af5-b37d-29df9f288ba4_72e616df.jpg","data-fid":"15808446","data-resolution":"1","width":"2000","height":"1333","title":"People use smartphones as they walk through the business district in Jakarta, Indonesia, on June 30, 2022. 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As his "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/2150396/trump-kim-summit-singapore-uses-historic-meet","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"3fac7159-9f39-4503-8525-998ec9aeaafd","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"2018 meeting"}]},{"type":"text","data":" with North Korean leader Kim Jong-un in Singapore showed, Trump’s unconventional leadership style can open room for negotiations otherwise deemed unthinkable even if that approach does not always net concrete results for peace or stability."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Whether this translates to any break in tensions in the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/opinion/asia-opinion/article/3281677/how-south-china-sea-disputes-are-uniting-asean-states","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"6fa12405-0858-443e-92bd-590b4f40fa86","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"South China Sea"}]},{"type":"text","data":" or the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3286227/why-donald-trumps-win-could-mean-defence-budget-nightmare-taiwan","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"1fb881bc-5eca-4e55-884a-4b253987bc75","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Taiwan Strait"}]},{"type":"text","data":" depends on numerous variables, including the actions of regional players as well as Trump’s largely domestic priorities and preoccupations."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"One of the biggest, underappreciated takeaways from Trump’s re-election this year is that the results reflect the US as it fundamentally is, not as some inside or outside the country wish it to be. 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