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class="SearchForm_submit__U8kPR" id="search-submit" data-cy="search-submit"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/search.844a289d.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only">Submit Search</span></span></button></form></div><div class="HeaderActions_root__11_ai undefined"></div></header><div class="SlideshowScreen_root__k9j1_ SlideshowScreen_withKeyMoments__RbHLe"><div class="metadata Metadata_root__oCstk" data-cy="metadata"><h1 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h1__3k7S2 title Title_root__svkHQ">Improving the Design of Existing Software</h1><div class="stats Stats_root__p_BoZ Stats_extendedMetadata__wb62p"><div class="Stats_leftContent__588PR"><time dateTime="2017-10-26 14:59:36 UTC"><span class="skeleton Skeleton_root__U4QqL Skeleton_rounded__BLBq2" style="width:75px;height:24px"></span></time><span class="Text_root__is73U Text_medium__rk8Tn 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src="https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-ardalis-48x48.jpg?cb=1586530351" alt="Steven Smith" loading="lazy" decoding="sync"/></div><a class="Link_root__vn3ab Author_link___lVxw ellipsis Link_primary__Iq4CI Link_size-large__W0PAv Link_weight-regular__yPpnB" data-cy="author-link" title="Steven Smith" href="https://www.slideshare.net/ardalis">Steven Smith</a><button type="button" class="FollowButton_root__FxpBi Author_follow__Lw4TS FollowButton_follow__d_6u5">Follow</button></div><div class="description Description_root__kt4uq Description_clamped__PaV_1"><div class="Description_wrapper__hYE9_" data-cy="document-description"><p>The document discusses improving the design of existing software by following principles like DRY, SOLID, and refactoring code using techniques such as extracting classes, methods, and interfaces. It emphasizes writing characterization tests to preserve existing behavior when refactoring, and improving code quality by reducing duplication, dependencies, and complexity over time through preventative maintenance and refactoring.<button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_primary__K25Gq Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Description_less__BvWbY Description_hidden__a9QZJ" data-testid="button" aria-label="Read less"><span>Read less</span></button></p></div><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_primary__K25Gq Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Description_more__ChrRK" data-testid="button" aria-label="Read more" data-cy="read-more-button"><span>Read more</span></button></div><div class="actions Actions_root__00yIC"><div class="Tooltip_triggerWrapper___S2HG"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi like-button unliked" data-testid="button" aria-label="Like" 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Amount of time required to code solution “properly” • Interest – Additional time needed to work around improper code http://deviq.com/technical-debt/ " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-7-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-7-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-7-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-7-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide8" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" 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class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-10" alt="Technical Debt is a Design Decision (or series of decisions) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-11-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-11-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-11-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-11-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide12" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-11" alt="Paying DownTechnical Debt Improves Application Design and Quality " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-12-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-12-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-12-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-12-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide13" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-12" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-13-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-13-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-13-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-13-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide14" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-13" alt="Preventive Maintenance • Refactoring • Eliminate Duplication • Simplify Design • AutomatedTests • Verify correctness • Avoid regressions • Increase Confidence " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-14-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-14-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-14-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-14-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide15" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-14" alt="When should you refactor? • While delivering value " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-15-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-15-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-15-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-15-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide16" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-15" alt="“ ” You don’t need permission to practice basic hygiene when you write software. http://ardalis.com/when-should-you-refactor/ Make cleaning up your code something you do as part of writing code. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-16-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-16-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-16-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-16-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide17" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-16" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-17-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-17-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-17-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-17-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide18" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-17" alt="Refactoring Should Not Change System Behavior " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-18-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-18-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-18-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-18-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide19" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-18" alt="The Refactoring Process • Verify existing behavior • Write CharacterizationTests if none exist • Find test points • Break dependencies • Apply Refactoring • Confirm existing behavior is preserved  Commit the working code! Commit the working code! " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-19-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-19-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-19-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-19-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide20" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-19" alt="CharacterizationTests Process 1. Write a test you know will fail 2. Use the output of the failing test to determine the existing behavior to assert 3. Update the test with the new value/behavior 4. Run the test again – it should now pass " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-20-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-20-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-20-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-20-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide21" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-20" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-21-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-21-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-21-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-21-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide22" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-21" alt="Brownfield / Legacy Development " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-22-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-22-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-22-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-22-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide23" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-22" alt="Maximize Code Changes Made to New Classes " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-23-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-23-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-23-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-23-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide24" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-23" alt="Why new classes? • Nothing depends on them (yet) • You can write them to be testable • Even in an otherwise hard-to-test application " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-24-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-24-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-24-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-24-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide25" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-24" alt="Add High-ValueTests to Legacy Apps • Probably not writtenTest-First • Trying to UnitTest Everything is likely cost-prohibitive • Start by writing tests for bugs • Verify the bug behavior with a test • Make the test pass by fixing the bug " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-25-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-25-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-25-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-25-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide26" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-25" alt="S O L I DPrinciples http://flickr.com/photos/kevinkemmerer/2772526725/ " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-26-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-26-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-26-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-26-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide27" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-26" alt="Principles of OO Design 0. Don’t RepeatYourself (DRY) 1. Single Responsibility 2. Open/Closed 3. Liskov Substitution 4. Interface Segregation 5. Dependency Inversion Pluralsight Course: http://bit.ly/SOLID-OOP " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-27-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-27-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-27-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-27-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide28" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-27" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-28-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-28-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-28-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-28-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide29" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-28" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-29-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-29-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-29-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-29-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide30" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-29" alt="Don’t Repeat RepeatYourself •Duplication in logic calls for abstraction •Duplication in process calls for automation " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-30-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-30-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-30-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-30-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide31" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-30" alt="Common Refactorings • Replace Magic Number/String • Parameterize Method • Pull Up Field • Pull Up Method • Replace Conditional With Polymorphism • Introduce Method " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-31-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-31-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-31-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-31-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide32" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-31" alt="Common Source of Repetition: Role Checks if(user.IsInRole(“Admins”) { // allow access to resource } // favor privileges over role checks // ardalis.com/Favor-Privileges-over-Role-Checks var priv = new ContentPrivilege(user, article); if(priv.CanEdit()) { // allow access } " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-32-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-32-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-32-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-32-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide33" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-32" alt="Visual Studio Code Clones • Find similar blocks of code in your projects/solution • Can detect matches that are similar but vary in small ways (like variable names) • Available inVS2015 Premium and Ultimate " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-33-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-33-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-33-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-33-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide34" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-33" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-34-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-34-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-34-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-34-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide35" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-34" alt="Single Responsibility Principle The Single Responsibility Principle states that every object should have a single responsibility, and that responsibility should be entirely encapsulated by the class. Wikipedia There should never be more than one reason for a class to change. Robert C. “Uncle Bob” Martin " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-35-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-35-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-35-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-35-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide36" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-35" alt="What is a responsibility? “My CustomerManager class is only responsible for anything to do with a Customer.That follows SRP, right?” " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-36-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-36-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-36-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-36-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide37" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-36" alt="Examples of Responsibilities • Persistence • Validation • Notification • Error Handling • Logging • Class Selection / Construction • Formatting • Parsing • Mapping " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-37-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-37-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-37-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-37-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide38" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-37" alt="Dependency and Coupling • Excessive coupling makes changing legacy software difficult • Breaking apart responsibilities and dependencies is a large part of working with existing code " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-38-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-38-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-38-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-38-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide39" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-38" alt="Common Refactorings • Extract Class • Extract Method • Move Method " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-39-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-39-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-39-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-39-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide40" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-39" alt="Heuristics and Code Smells • Visual Studio Metrics " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-40-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-40-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-40-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-40-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide41" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-40" alt="Cyclomatic Complexity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclomatic_complexity " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-41-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-41-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-41-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-41-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide42" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-41" alt="Keep Cyclomatic Complexity under 10 for every method " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-42-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-42-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-42-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-42-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide43" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-42" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-43-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-43-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-43-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-43-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide44" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-43" alt="Code Smell: Regions More on Regions: http://ardalis.com/regional-differences " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-44-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-44-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-44-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-44-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide45" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-44" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-45-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-45-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-45-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-45-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide46" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-45" alt="Open / Closed Principle The Open / Closed Principle states that software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension, but closed for modification. Wikipedia " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-46-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-46-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-46-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-46-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide47" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-46" alt="Open / Closed Principle Open to Extension New behavior can be added in the future Closed to Modification Changes to source or binary code are not required Dr. Bertrand Meyer originated the OCP term in his 1988 book, ObjectOrientedSoftwareConstruction " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-47-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-47-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-47-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-47-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide48" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-47" alt="Common Refactorings • Extract Interface / Apply Strategy Pattern • Parameterize Method • FormTemplate Method " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-48-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-48-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-48-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-48-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide49" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-48" alt="OCP Fail " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-49-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-49-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-49-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-49-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide50" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-49" alt="OCP OK " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-50-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-50-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-50-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-50-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide51" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-50" alt="OCP Fail public bool IsSpecialCustomer(Customer c) { if(c.Country == “US” && c.Balance < 50) return false; if(c.Country == “DE” && c.Balance < 25) return false; if(c.Country == “UK” && c.Balance < 35) return false; if(c.Country == “FR” && c.Balance < 27) return false; if(c.Country == “BG” && c.Balance < 29) return false; if(c.Age < 18 || c.Age > 65) return false; if(c.Income < 50000 && c.Age < 30) return false; return true; } " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-51-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-51-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-51-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-51-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide52" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-51" alt="OCP OK private IEnumerable<ICustomerRule> _rules; public bool IsSpecialCustomer(Customer customer) { foreach(var rule in _rules) { if(rule.Evaluate(customer) == false) return false; } return true; } " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-52-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-52-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-52-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-52-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide53" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-52" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-53-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-53-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-53-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-53-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide54" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-53" alt="Liskov Substitution Principle The Liskov Substitution Principle states that Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types. Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C# Named for Barbara Liskov, who first described the principle in 1988. " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-54-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-54-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-54-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-54-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide55" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-54" alt="Common Refactorings • Collapse Hierarchy • Pull Up / Push Down Field • Pull Up / Push Down Method " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-55-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-55-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-55-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-55-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide56" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-55" alt="Liskov Substitution Fail foreach(var employee in employees) { if(employee is Manager) { Helpers.PrintManager(employee as Manager); break; } Helpers.PrintEmployee(employee); } " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-56-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-56-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-56-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-56-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide57" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-56" alt="Liskov Substitution OK foreach(var employee in employees) { employee.Print(); // or Helpers.PrintEmployee(employee); } " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-57-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-57-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-57-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-57-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide58" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-57" alt="Nulls Break Polymorphism foreach(var employee in employees) { if(employee == null) { // print not found message break; } Helpers.PrintEmployee(employee); } http://ardalis.com/nulls-break-polymorphism " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-58-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-58-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-58-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-58-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide59" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-58" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-59-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-59-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-59-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-59-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide60" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-59" alt="Interface Segregation Principle The Interface Segregation Principle states that Clients should not be forced to depend on methods they do not use. Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C# Corollary: Prefer small, cohesive interfaces to “fat” interfaces " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-60-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-60-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-60-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-60-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide61" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-60" alt="Common Refactorings • Extract Interface " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-61-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-61-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-61-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-61-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide62" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-61" alt="Keep Interfaces Small and Focused " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-62-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-62-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-62-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-62-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide63" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-62" alt="Membership Provider " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-63-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-63-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-63-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-63-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide64" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-63" alt="ISP Fail (sometimes) public IRepository<T> { T GetById(int id); IEnumerable<T> List(); void Create(T item); void Update(T item); void Delete(T item); } " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-64-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-64-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-64-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-64-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide65" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-64" alt="ISP OK (i.e. to support CQRS) public IRepository<T> : IReadRepository<T>, IWriteRepository<T> { } public IReadRepository<T> { T GetById(int id); IEnumerable<T> List(); } public IWriteRepository<T> void Create(T item); void Update(T item); void Delete(T item); } Existing implementations of IRepository<T> are unaffected by pulling out smaller interfaces! No existing code breaks! " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-65-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-65-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-65-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-65-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide66" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-65" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-66-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-66-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-66-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-66-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide67" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-66" alt="Dependency Inversion Principle High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions. Abstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend on abstractions. Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C# " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-67-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-67-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-67-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-67-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide68" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-67" alt="Dependency Inversion Principle • Depend on Abstractions • Interfaces, not concrete types • Inject Dependencies into Classes • Structure Solution so Dependencies FlowToward Core • Onion Architecture (a.k.a. Ports and Adapters, a.k.a. Hexagonal Architecture) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-68-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-68-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-68-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-68-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide69" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-68" alt="DIP Architecture (aka Ports and Adapters) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-69-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-69-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-69-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-69-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide70" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-69" alt="Common Dependencies • Framework • Third Party Libraries • Database • File System • Email • Web Services • System Resources (Clock) • Configuration • The new Keyword • Static methods • Thread.Sleep • Random See also responsibilities: • Persistence • Validation • Notification • Error Handling • Logging • Class Selection / Construction • Formatting • Parsing • Mapping " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-70-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-70-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-70-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-70-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide71" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-70" alt="Common Refactorings • Extract Class • Extract Interface / Apply Strategy Pattern • Extract Method • Introduce Service Locator / Container " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-71-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-71-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-71-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-71-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide72" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-71" alt="DIP Fail " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-72-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-72-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-72-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-72-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide73" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-72" alt="Hidden Dependencies • Checkout Depends on an available SMTP server, but the class doesn’t reflect this • Follow the Explicit Dependencies Principle • http://deviq.com/explicit-dependencies-principle/ " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-73-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-73-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-73-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-73-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide74" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-73" alt="Some Improvement (Façade) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-74-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-74-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-74-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-74-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide75" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-74" alt="DIP OK (Strategy Pattern / DI) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-75-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-75-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-75-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-75-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide76" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-75" alt="DIP OK (Strategy Pattern / DI) " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-76-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-76-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-76-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-76-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide77" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-76" alt="Improving Quality Across the Industry " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-77-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-77-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-77-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-77-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide78" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-77" alt="Improving the Design of Existing Software" class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-78-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-78-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-78-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-78-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide79" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-78" alt="Self-Improvement and Quality • How fast can you produce: • Code you believe to be of high quality • Code that maybe gets the job done, but you believe to be of low quality • Which one can you produce more quickly? • Why? • How can we develop our skills and our tools so that building quality is natural and easier than not doing so? " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-79-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-79-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-79-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-79-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide80" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-79" alt="0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 User Stories Completed High Quality Low Quality " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-80-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-80-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-80-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-80-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide81" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-80" alt="0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 User Stories Completed High Quality Low Quality " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-81-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-81-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-81-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-81-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide82" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-81" alt="Summary •Maintain / Improve Application Code •Follow DRY/SOLID Principles •Use CharacterizationTests to “fix” behavior •Apply Common Refactorings •Re-runTestsAfter (and during) Refactorings •Be Explicit About Class Dependencies •Train and Practice toWrite Better Code Faster " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-82-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-82-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-82-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-82-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide83" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-82" alt="Learn More • DevIQ.com • Ardalis.com • WeeklyDevTips.com • Twitter: @ardalis • Pluralsight: • SOLID Principles of OO Design http://bit.ly/SOLID-OOP • N-Tier Architecture in C# http://bit.ly/PS-NTier1 • Refactoring Fundamentals http://bit.ly/PS-Refactoring • Domain-Driven Design Fundamentals http://bit.ly/ddd-fundamentals • Design Pattern Library http://bit.ly/PS-design-patterns • Pair Programming http://bit.ly/PS-PairProgramming " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-83-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-83-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-83-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-83-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide84" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-83" alt="• New Coworking Space in Hudson,Ohio • Private offices / Flex desk spaces • Fiber internet • Complimentary coffee / tea / water • Great development community • @techhubhudson • Website online soon Tech Hub Hudson " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-84-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-84-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-84-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-84-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div><div><div id="slide85" class="VerticalSlide_root__jU_9r slide-item" style="aspect-ratio:960 / 540" data-cy="slide-container"><div class="VerticalSlideImage_root__64KSA"><img id="slide-image-84" alt="Books  Refactoring http://amzn.to/110tscA  Refactoring to Patterns http://amzn.to/Vq5Rj2  Working Effectively with Legacy Code http://amzn.to/VFFYbn  Code Complete http://amzn.to/Vq5YLv  Clean Code http://amzn.to/YjUDI0 " class="vertical-slide-image VerticalSlideImage_image__VtE4p" data-testid="vertical-slide-image" loading="lazy" srcSet="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-85-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-85-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/75/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-85-2048.jpg 2048w" src="https://image.slidesharecdn.com/improvingthedesignofexistingsoftware-171026145936/85/Improving-the-Design-of-Existing-Software-85-320.jpg" sizes="100vw"/></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="RelatedContent_root__29Np1"><div class="RelatedContent_wrapper__riU7l"><h2 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h2__f9yvs RelatedContent_title__QUhpL">More Related Content</h2><div></div><div></div><div id="between-recs-ad-1-container" class="freestar-ad-container FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_" style="--fallback-aspect-ratio:undefined / undefined"><div><div class="" id="between-recs-ad-1"></div></div></div><div></div><div id="between-recs-ad-2-container" class="freestar-ad-container FreestarAdContainer_root__qPPC_" style="--fallback-aspect-ratio:undefined / undefined"><div><div class="" id="between-recs-ad-2"></div></div></div><div></div></div></div><div class="Transcript_root__Vrf6Q"><h2 class="Transcript_title__YgAka"><span class="Icon_root__AjZyv" style="--size:24px"><span class="Icon_icon__4zzsG" style="mask-image:url(https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/file.5db1ba24.svg);background-color:currentColor"></span><span class="sr-only"></span></span>Improving the Design of Existing Software</h2><div><ul class="Transcript_list__faItj"><div><li>1. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#1">Improving the Design </a> of Existing Software Steve Smith Founder, DevIQ @ardalis | DevIQ.com </li></div><div><li>2. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#2">My Pluralsight Courses </a> </li></div><div><li>3. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#3">Weekly DevTips Podcast and </a> Newsletter • Ardalis.com/tips • WeeklyDevTips.com </li></div><div><li>4. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#4">Software Rots </a></li></div><div></div><div></div><div><li>7. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#7">Technical Debt • Low </a> quality code and shortcuts in our applications • Financial Debt • Principal – Amount borrowed • Interest – Additional cost of the debt • Technical debt • Principal – Amount of time required to code solution “properly” • Interest – Additional time needed to work around improper code http://deviq.com/technical-debt/ </li></div><div><li>8. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#8">http://www.jimhighsmith.com/ </a></li></div><div></div><div><li>10. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#10">A Well-Designed Application is Simple to Maintain </a> and Extend </li></div><div><li>11. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#11">Technical Debt is a Design </a> Decision (or series of decisions) </li></div><div><li>12. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#12">Paying DownTechnical Debt Improves Application </a> Design and Quality </li></div><div></div><div><li>14. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#14">Preventive Maintenance • Refactoring • </a> Eliminate Duplication • Simplify Design • AutomatedTests • Verify correctness • Avoid regressions • Increase Confidence </li></div><div><li>15. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#15">When should you </a> refactor? • While delivering value </li></div><div><li>16. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#16">“ ” You don’t need </a> permission to practice basic hygiene when you write software. http://ardalis.com/when-should-you-refactor/ Make cleaning up your code something you do as part of writing code. </li></div><div></div><div><li>18. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#18">Refactoring Should Not </a> Change System Behavior </li></div><div><li>19. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#19">The Refactoring Process • </a> Verify existing behavior • Write CharacterizationTests if none exist • Find test points • Break dependencies • Apply Refactoring • Confirm existing behavior is preserved  Commit the working code! Commit the working code! </li></div><div><li>20. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#20">CharacterizationTests Process 1. Write a </a> test you know will fail 2. Use the output of the failing test to determine the existing behavior to assert 3. Update the test with the new value/behavior 4. Run the test again – it should now pass </li></div><div></div><div><li>22. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#22">Brownfield / Legacy </a> Development </li></div><div><li>23. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#23">Maximize Code Changes Made </a> to New Classes </li></div><div><li>24. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#24">Why new classes? • </a> Nothing depends on them (yet) • You can write them to be testable • Even in an otherwise hard-to-test application </li></div><div><li>25. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#25">Add High-ValueTests to </a> Legacy Apps • Probably not writtenTest-First • Trying to UnitTest Everything is likely cost-prohibitive • Start by writing tests for bugs • Verify the bug behavior with a test • Make the test pass by fixing the bug </li></div><div><li>26. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#26">S O L </a> I DPrinciples http://flickr.com/photos/kevinkemmerer/2772526725/ </li></div><div><li>27. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#27">Principles of OO </a> Design 0. Don’t RepeatYourself (DRY) 1. Single Responsibility 2. Open/Closed 3. Liskov Substitution 4. Interface Segregation 5. Dependency Inversion Pluralsight Course: http://bit.ly/SOLID-OOP </li></div><div></div><div></div><div><li>30. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#30">Don’t Repeat RepeatYourself •Duplication in </a> logic calls for abstraction •Duplication in process calls for automation </li></div><div><li>31. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#31">Common Refactorings • Replace </a> Magic Number/String • Parameterize Method • Pull Up Field • Pull Up Method • Replace Conditional With Polymorphism • Introduce Method </li></div><div><li>32. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#32">Common Source of </a> Repetition: Role Checks if(user.IsInRole(“Admins”) { // allow access to resource } // favor privileges over role checks // ardalis.com/Favor-Privileges-over-Role-Checks var priv = new ContentPrivilege(user, article); if(priv.CanEdit()) { // allow access } </li></div><div><li>33. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#33">Visual Studio Code </a> Clones • Find similar blocks of code in your projects/solution • Can detect matches that are similar but vary in small ways (like variable names) • Available inVS2015 Premium and Ultimate </li></div><div></div><div><li>35. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#35">Single Responsibility Principle The </a> Single Responsibility Principle states that every object should have a single responsibility, and that responsibility should be entirely encapsulated by the class. Wikipedia There should never be more than one reason for a class to change. Robert C. “Uncle Bob” Martin </li></div><div><li>36. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#36">What is a </a> responsibility? “My CustomerManager class is only responsible for anything to do with a Customer.That follows SRP, right?” </li></div><div><li>37. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#37">Examples of Responsibilities • </a> Persistence • Validation • Notification • Error Handling • Logging • Class Selection / Construction • Formatting • Parsing • Mapping </li></div><div><li>38. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#38">Dependency and Coupling • </a> Excessive coupling makes changing legacy software difficult • Breaking apart responsibilities and dependencies is a large part of working with existing code </li></div><div><li>39. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#39">Common Refactorings • Extract </a> Class • Extract Method • Move Method </li></div><div><li>40. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#40">Heuristics and Code </a> Smells • Visual Studio Metrics </li></div><div><li>41. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#41">Cyclomatic Complexity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclomatic_complexity </a></li></div><div><li>42. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#42">Keep Cyclomatic Complexity under 10 for </a> every method </li></div><div></div><div><li>44. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#44">Code Smell: Regions More </a> on Regions: http://ardalis.com/regional-differences </li></div><div></div><div><li>46. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#46">Open / Closed </a> Principle The Open / Closed Principle states that software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension, but closed for modification. Wikipedia </li></div><div><li>47. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#47">Open / Closed </a> Principle Open to Extension New behavior can be added in the future Closed to Modification Changes to source or binary code are not required Dr. Bertrand Meyer originated the OCP term in his 1988 book, ObjectOrientedSoftwareConstruction </li></div><div><li>48. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#48">Common Refactorings • Extract </a> Interface / Apply Strategy Pattern • Parameterize Method • FormTemplate Method </li></div><div><li>49. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#49">OCP Fail </a></li></div><div><li>50. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#50">OCP OK </a></li></div><div><li>51. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#51">OCP Fail public bool </a> IsSpecialCustomer(Customer c) { if(c.Country == “US” && c.Balance < 50) return false; if(c.Country == “DE” && c.Balance < 25) return false; if(c.Country == “UK” && c.Balance < 35) return false; if(c.Country == “FR” && c.Balance < 27) return false; if(c.Country == “BG” && c.Balance < 29) return false; if(c.Age < 18 || c.Age > 65) return false; if(c.Income < 50000 && c.Age < 30) return false; return true; } </li></div><div><li>52. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#52">OCP OK private IEnumerable<ICustomerRule> </a> _rules; public bool IsSpecialCustomer(Customer customer) { foreach(var rule in _rules) { if(rule.Evaluate(customer) == false) return false; } return true; } </li></div><div></div><div><li>54. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#54">Liskov Substitution Principle The </a> Liskov Substitution Principle states that Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types. Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C# Named for Barbara Liskov, who first described the principle in 1988. </li></div><div><li>55. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#55">Common Refactorings • Collapse </a> Hierarchy • Pull Up / Push Down Field • Pull Up / Push Down Method </li></div><div><li>56. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#56">Liskov Substitution Fail foreach(var </a> employee in employees) { if(employee is Manager) { Helpers.PrintManager(employee as Manager); break; } Helpers.PrintEmployee(employee); } </li></div><div><li>57. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#57">Liskov Substitution OK foreach(var </a> employee in employees) { employee.Print(); // or Helpers.PrintEmployee(employee); } </li></div><div><li>58. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#58">Nulls Break Polymorphism foreach(var </a> employee in employees) { if(employee == null) { // print not found message break; } Helpers.PrintEmployee(employee); } http://ardalis.com/nulls-break-polymorphism </li></div><div></div><div><li>60. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#60">Interface Segregation Principle The </a> Interface Segregation Principle states that Clients should not be forced to depend on methods they do not use. Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C# Corollary: Prefer small, cohesive interfaces to “fat” interfaces </li></div><div><li>61. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#61">Common Refactorings • Extract </a> Interface </li></div><div><li>62. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#62">Keep Interfaces Small </a> and Focused </li></div><div><li>63. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#63">Membership Provider </a></li></div><div><li>64. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#64">ISP Fail (sometimes) public </a> IRepository<T> { T GetById(int id); IEnumerable<T> List(); void Create(T item); void Update(T item); void Delete(T item); } </li></div><div><li>65. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#65">ISP OK (i.e. </a> to support CQRS) public IRepository<T> : IReadRepository<T>, IWriteRepository<T> { } public IReadRepository<T> { T GetById(int id); IEnumerable<T> List(); } public IWriteRepository<T> void Create(T item); void Update(T item); void Delete(T item); } Existing implementations of IRepository<T> are unaffected by pulling out smaller interfaces! No existing code breaks! </li></div><div></div><div><li>67. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#67">Dependency Inversion Principle High-level </a> modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions. Abstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend on abstractions. Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C# </li></div><div><li>68. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#68">Dependency Inversion Principle • </a> Depend on Abstractions • Interfaces, not concrete types • Inject Dependencies into Classes • Structure Solution so Dependencies FlowToward Core • Onion Architecture (a.k.a. Ports and Adapters, a.k.a. Hexagonal Architecture) </li></div><div><li>69. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#69">DIP Architecture (aka </a> Ports and Adapters) </li></div><div><li>70. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#70">Common Dependencies • Framework • </a> Third Party Libraries • Database • File System • Email • Web Services • System Resources (Clock) • Configuration • The new Keyword • Static methods • Thread.Sleep • Random See also responsibilities: • Persistence • Validation • Notification • Error Handling • Logging • Class Selection / Construction • Formatting • Parsing • Mapping </li></div><div><li>71. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#71">Common Refactorings • Extract </a> Class • Extract Interface / Apply Strategy Pattern • Extract Method • Introduce Service Locator / Container </li></div><div><li>72. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#72">DIP Fail </a></li></div><div><li>73. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#73">Hidden Dependencies • Checkout </a> Depends on an available SMTP server, but the class doesn’t reflect this • Follow the Explicit Dependencies Principle • http://deviq.com/explicit-dependencies-principle/ </li></div><div><li>74. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#74">Some Improvement (Façade) </a> </li></div><div><li>75. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#75">DIP OK (Strategy </a> Pattern / DI) </li></div><div><li>76. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#76">DIP OK (Strategy </a> Pattern / DI) </li></div><div><li>77. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#77">Improving Quality Across </a> the Industry </li></div><div></div><div><li>79. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#79">Self-Improvement and Quality • </a> How fast can you produce: • Code you believe to be of high quality • Code that maybe gets the job done, but you believe to be of low quality • Which one can you produce more quickly? • Why? • How can we develop our skills and our tools so that building quality is natural and easier than not doing so? </li></div><div><li>80. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#80">0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Week 1 Week </a> 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 User Stories Completed High Quality Low Quality </li></div><div><li>81. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#81">0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Week 1 Week </a> 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 User Stories Completed High Quality Low Quality </li></div><div><li>82. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#82">Summary •Maintain / Improve </a> Application Code •Follow DRY/SOLID Principles •Use CharacterizationTests to “fix” behavior •Apply Common Refactorings •Re-runTestsAfter (and during) Refactorings •Be Explicit About Class Dependencies •Train and Practice toWrite Better Code Faster </li></div><div><li>83. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#83">Learn More • DevIQ.com • </a> Ardalis.com • WeeklyDevTips.com • Twitter: @ardalis • Pluralsight: • SOLID Principles of OO Design http://bit.ly/SOLID-OOP • N-Tier Architecture in C# http://bit.ly/PS-NTier1 • Refactoring Fundamentals http://bit.ly/PS-Refactoring • Domain-Driven Design Fundamentals http://bit.ly/ddd-fundamentals • Design Pattern Library http://bit.ly/PS-design-patterns • Pair Programming http://bit.ly/PS-PairProgramming </li></div><div><li>84. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#84">• New Coworking </a> Space in Hudson,Ohio • Private offices / Flex desk spaces • Fiber internet • Complimentary coffee / tea / water • Great development community • @techhubhudson • Website online soon Tech Hub Hudson </li></div><div><li>85. <a class="Transcript_link__MLbGS" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420#85">Books  Refactoring http://amzn.to/110tscA  </a> Refactoring to Patterns http://amzn.to/Vq5Rj2  Working Effectively with Legacy Code http://amzn.to/VFFYbn  Code Complete http://amzn.to/Vq5YLv  Clean Code http://amzn.to/YjUDI0 </li></div></ul></div></div><div class="EditorsNotes_root__3PcDF"><h3 class="Heading_heading__3MAvZ Heading_h3__f1djd EditorsNotes_heading__XR9E6">Editor's Notes</h3><ol class="EditorsNotes_list__NcG5Y"><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">ONE HOUR</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">How? Duplication Excess Coupling Quick Fixes Hacks </li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Over time, neglect can turn software from well-oiled machinery into heaps of useless junk.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Typically the low quality code was left because of the need to meet deadlines, but once in place, the justification for having put it there no longer matters. Whenever you are forced to work around the hacks, bad code, etc, in your application, the decrease in your productivity represents interest on technical debt. If you spend time refactoring the code to improve its quality, you are paying down the principal of the technical debt (and thus reducing future interest costs). Sometimes principal of technical debt can grow, as when a lot of code is built on top of debt-ridden code. There isn’t a perfect metaphor for this that I’m aware of.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Accidental vs. Deliberate decision to incur the debt. Reckless vs. Prudent kinds of debt incurred.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Should we spend an iteration or a month just trying to improve the quality of the system, and pay down technical debt? What would you think if you went to your favorite restaurant, only to find that it was closed for a month, with a sign explaining that it needed to clean up things that had gotten out of hand due to neglect. Would you feel as confident about eating the product of that kitchen, knowing it had let things go so wrong that it now needed a month without producing food just to clean up the mess it had created. How do you think our customers should feel if we request time to clean up our code instead of fixing bugs or delivering new features?</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Building in quality becomes a habit. Working with well-crafted code is more enjoyable. Create a virtuous cycle. Help yourself and your team fall into the pit of success that is clean code.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">By definition, refactoring attempts to improve the quality of a software application without changing its behavior. If you’re changing behavior, you’re not refactoring, you’re fixing a bug or adding a feature (hopefully – or adding a bug).</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Only refactor code while your tests are passing. Make sure they still pass when you are done. Break large refactorings into small steps and test after each step.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Note that characterization tests, though they should be automated, are often not what we would think of as unit tests, or perhaps even integration tests. For instance, you could dump a log file showing the relevant state of the application, and then use that as the basis for your characterization test by comparing against it after your changes. </li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Avoid creating a big ball of mud system, where tracing through your code and its dependencies is like trying to unwind a tangled mess of spaghetti.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Principles provide guidance for refactoring. They provide a consistent target to aim toward.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">A very common source of repetition of code is role checks. These often describe different scenarios in different circumstances. For instance, maybe administrators can do anything, but managers can access resources within their division, etc. Encapsulating the logic of CanView, CanCreate, CanEdit, etc. in privilege objects makes these rules explicit, easier to test, and gives them a single location to live in the application.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Visual Studio can quickly analyze a project and show statistics for the classes and methods in the project. The maintainability index, cyclomatic complexity, and lines of code are all great metrics to pay attention to. The ideal maintainability index is 100, but don’t expect to hit that with any code that’s doing real work. However, you should certainly able to keep it above 50. Demo GildedRose.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Using Excel</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">I’m not a fan of regions. They mainly exist because at one time they were a reasonable means of hiding generated code, before we had support for partial classes and other language features to deal with this. The worst offense with regions is when they’re used within a method, like this: (click) They’re also bad when used at the class level for “standard” formatting of code, making it impossible to actually see what the code does, like this: (click) Can someone tell me what this class does? (click) I have a whole article devoted to why using regions is a bad habit, anti-pattern, code smell, whatever you prefer. It includes some survey results on the most common ways people use them as well. (click)</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Open-Closed Principle</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Software can only be open to extension in a few different axes, and each additional bit of flexibility adds complexity to the software. Thus, this flexibility should be added only when needed, not simply anticipated.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">What happens when we need to add another country? What happens when we must add another rule? How can we refactor this so this method no longer needs to change? </li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Define a type to describe a rule. Move each rule into its own type. Create a collection of rules to apply and apply them. Pass the set of rules into the IsSpecialCustomer() method’s class (or even the method itself).</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Any time you find that you need to check the type of an object within a polymorphic block of code (such as a foreach), this is a sign that you are breaking LSP.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Nulls break polymorphism and violate LSP just as much as other subtypes that aren’t substitutable! Try to avoid the possibility of dealing with nulls in polymorphic code like foreach loops – consider using Null Object Pattern to address.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">This is an extemely common example of the Repository design pattern. In fact, I use this exact pattern in quite a few production applications today. There’s nothing inherently wrong with this implementation on its own. However, sometimes it does violate ISP if you need to separate Commands from Queries</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">You can create small interfaces and compose the larger interfaces from the smaller ones if you control all of the code and you can’t simply do away with the larger interfaces. In this case, the separation of interfaces would allow us to do something like implement caching only on the read operations, and implement delayed writes using some kind of queue or message bus for the write operations.</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">“Legacy” N-Tier Logical Architecture</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Hidden Dependencies</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Extract interface Implement interface with tightly coupled original code </li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Mention Explicit Dependencies Principle</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Water break</li><li class="EditorsNotes_item__ebBbj">Get them excited.</li></ol></div><div class="actions-menu-container ActionsMenu_root__4k507" data-cy="actions-menu-mobile"><div class="Tooltip_triggerWrapper___S2HG"><button type="button" class="Button_root__i1yp0 Button_secondary__hHiHI Button_text__ZT_3O Button_small__sqsEx Button_icon__1C4qi save-button" data-testid="button" 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type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"name":"slideshow","edgeTestAssignments":[{"name":"example","variant":"A"},{"name":"fullscreen_view","variant":"C"},{"name":"gallery_view","variant":"B"},{"name":"nextjs_profile","variant":"B"},{"name":"reading_modes","variant":"A"},{"name":"recs_placement","variant":"A"},{"name":"recs_placement_v2","variant":"A"},{"name":"single_slide_view_v2","variant":"A"}],"layout":{"currentUser":null,"fullPath":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420","osanoId":"079b27eb-bb3f-48dd-9bd9-3feb8aec3c38","featureFlags":[{"name":"disable_facebook","enabled":true},{"name":"document_interstitials_flag","enabled":true},{"name":"recommendation_impression_tracking","enabled":true},{"name":"search_results_tracking","enabled":true},{"name":"view_restriction_without_subscription_after_five","enabled":true},{"name":"disable_lazy_hydration","enabled":false}]},"countryCodeFromFastly":"HK","slideshow":{"username":"ardalis","allowDownloads":true,"allowDownloadOriginalFile":true,"allowEmbeds":true,"canonicalUrl":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420","categories":[{"id":"16","name":"Technology","url":"technology"}],"createdAt":"2017-10-26 14:59:36 UTC","description":"The document discusses improving the design of existing software by following principles like DRY, SOLID, and refactoring code using techniques such as extracting classes, methods, and interfaces. It emphasizes writing characterization tests to preserve existing behavior when refactoring, and improving code quality by reducing duplication, dependencies, and complexity over time through preventative maintenance and refactoring.","downloadKey":"6f062bbff4d3b358d409d4280d1171ebb15b9b476ec39e0e3a3b632d7ff3712a","editorsNotes":["ONE HOUR","How?\rDuplication\rExcess Coupling\rQuick Fixes\rHacks\r\r","Over time, neglect can turn software from well-oiled machinery into heaps of useless junk.","Typically the low quality code was left because of the need to meet deadlines, but once in place, the justification for having put it there no longer matters. \rWhenever you are forced to work around the hacks, bad code, etc, in your application, the decrease in your productivity represents interest on technical debt. If you spend time refactoring the code to improve its quality, you are paying down the principal of the technical debt (and thus reducing future interest costs).\r\rSometimes principal of technical debt can grow, as when a lot of code is built on top of debt-ridden code. There isn’t a perfect metaphor for this that I’m aware of.","Accidental vs. Deliberate decision to incur the debt.\rReckless vs. Prudent kinds of debt incurred.","Should we spend an iteration or a month just trying to improve the quality of the system, and pay down technical debt?\r\rWhat would you think if you went to your favorite restaurant, only to find that it was closed for a month, with a sign explaining that it needed to clean up things that had gotten out of hand due to neglect. Would you feel as confident about eating the product of that kitchen, knowing it had let things go so wrong that it now needed a month without producing food just to clean up the mess it had created. How do you think our customers should feel if we request time to clean up our code instead of fixing bugs or delivering new features?","Building in quality becomes a habit. Working with well-crafted code is more enjoyable. Create a virtuous cycle. Help yourself and your team fall into the pit of success that is clean code.","By definition, refactoring attempts to improve the quality of a software application without changing its behavior. If you’re changing behavior, you’re not refactoring, you’re fixing a bug or adding a feature (hopefully – or adding a bug).","Only refactor code while your tests are passing. Make sure they still pass when you are done. Break large refactorings into small steps and test after each step.","Note that characterization tests, though they should be automated, are often not what we would think of as unit tests, or perhaps even integration tests. For instance, you could dump a log file showing the relevant state of the application, and then use that as the basis for your characterization test by comparing against it after your changes. ","Avoid creating a big ball of mud system, where tracing through your code and its dependencies is like trying to unwind a tangled mess of spaghetti.","Principles provide guidance for refactoring. They provide a consistent target to aim toward.","A very common source of repetition of code is role checks. These often describe different scenarios in different circumstances. For instance, maybe administrators can do anything, but managers can access resources within their division, etc. Encapsulating the logic of CanView, CanCreate, CanEdit, etc. in privilege objects makes these rules explicit, easier to test, and gives them a single location to live in the application.","Visual Studio can quickly analyze a project and show statistics for the classes and methods in the project. The maintainability index, cyclomatic complexity, and lines of code are all great metrics to pay attention to. The ideal maintainability index is 100, but don’t expect to hit that with any code that’s doing real work. However, you should certainly able to keep it above 50.\r\rDemo GildedRose.","Using Excel","I’m not a fan of regions. They mainly exist because at one time they were a reasonable means of hiding generated code, before we had support for partial classes and other language features to deal with this. The worst offense with regions is when they’re used within a method, like this:\r(click)\r\rThey’re also bad when used at the class level for “standard” formatting of code, making it impossible to actually see what the code does, like this:\r(click)\r\rCan someone tell me what this class does?\r(click)\r\rI have a whole article devoted to why using regions is a bad habit, anti-pattern, code smell, whatever you prefer. It includes some survey results on the most common ways people use them as well. (click)","Open-Closed Principle","Software can only be open to extension in a few different axes, and each additional bit of flexibility adds complexity to the software. Thus, this flexibility should be added only when needed, not simply anticipated.","What happens when we need to add another country?\rWhat happens when we must add another rule?\r\rHow can we refactor this so this method no longer needs to change?\r\r","Define a type to describe a rule. Move each rule into its own type. Create a collection of rules to apply and apply them.\r\rPass the set of rules into the IsSpecialCustomer() method’s class (or even the method itself).","Any time you find that you need to check the type of an object within a polymorphic block of code (such as a foreach), this is a sign that you are breaking LSP.","Nulls break polymorphism and violate LSP just as much as other subtypes that aren’t substitutable! Try to avoid the possibility of dealing with nulls in polymorphic code like foreach loops – consider using Null Object Pattern to address.","This is an extemely common example of the Repository design pattern. In fact, I use this exact pattern in quite a few production applications today. There’s nothing inherently wrong with this implementation on its own. However, sometimes it does violate ISP if you need to separate Commands from Queries","You can create small interfaces and compose the larger interfaces from the smaller ones if you control all of the code and you can’t simply do away with the larger interfaces. In this case, the separation of interfaces would allow us to do something like implement caching only on the read operations, and implement delayed writes using some kind of queue or message bus for the write operations.","“Legacy” N-Tier Logical Architecture","Hidden Dependencies","Extract interface\rImplement interface with tightly coupled original code\r","Mention Explicit Dependencies Principle","Water break","Get them excited."],"emailShareUrl":"mailto:?subject=Check out this SlideShare presentation\u0026body=https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/improving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420/81246420","extension":"pptx","facebookShareUrl":"https://facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fslideshow%2Fimproving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420%2F81246420\u0026t=Improving+the+Design+of+Existing+Software","genaiDescriptionCreatedAt":"2023-12-29","genaiTest":"description","id":"81246420","iframeEmbed":{"url":"https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/key/3FzNAJNnFsIa1v","height":486,"width":597},"isIndexable":true,"isLikedByCurrentUser":false,"isPrivate":false,"isSeoTitleTestVariant":true,"isViewable":true,"language":"en","likes":4,"linkedinShareUrl":"https://www.linkedin.com/cws/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fslideshow%2Fimproving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420%2F81246420\u0026trk=SLIDESHARE","downloadCount":32,"recommendationsByLocation":{"rightRail":[{"algorithmId":"2","displayTitle":"Clean architecture with asp.net core by Ardalis","isSavedByCurrentUser":false,"pageCount":72,"score":0.7792,"slideshowId":"231758866","sourceName":"ss_similarity","strippedTitle":"clean-architecture-with-aspnet-core-by-ardalis","thumbnail":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/cleanarchitecturewithasp-200410145321-thumbnail.jpg?width=600\u0026height=600\u0026fit=bounds","description":"Clean Architecture with ASP.NET Core\r\nASP.NET Core provides better support for clean, testable, maintainable architectures than any of its predecessors. 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Write a test you know will fail\n2. Use the output of the failing test to determine the existing behavior to\nassert\n3. Update the test with the new value/behavior\n4. Run the test again – it should now pass\n ","","Brownfield / Legacy Development\n ","Maximize Code Changes\nMade to\nNew Classes\n ","Why new classes?\n• Nothing depends on them (yet)\n• You can write them to be testable\n• Even in an otherwise hard-to-test application\n ","Add High-ValueTests to Legacy Apps\n• Probably not writtenTest-First\n• Trying to UnitTest Everything is likely cost-prohibitive\n• Start by writing tests for bugs\n• Verify the bug behavior with a test\n• Make the test pass by fixing the bug\n ","S O L I DPrinciples\nhttp://flickr.com/photos/kevinkemmerer/2772526725/\n ","Principles of OO Design\n0. Don’t RepeatYourself (DRY)\n1. Single Responsibility\n2. Open/Closed\n3. Liskov Substitution\n4. Interface Segregation\n5. Dependency Inversion\nPluralsight Course:\nhttp://bit.ly/SOLID-OOP\n ","","","Don’t Repeat\nRepeatYourself\n•Duplication in logic calls for abstraction\n•Duplication in process calls for automation\n ","Common Refactorings\n• Replace Magic Number/String\n• Parameterize Method\n• Pull Up Field\n• Pull Up Method\n• Replace Conditional With Polymorphism\n• Introduce Method\n ","Common Source of Repetition: Role Checks\nif(user.IsInRole(“Admins”)\n{\n// allow access to resource\n}\n// favor privileges over role checks\n// ardalis.com/Favor-Privileges-over-Role-Checks\nvar priv = new ContentPrivilege(user, article);\nif(priv.CanEdit())\n{\n// allow access\n}\n ","Visual Studio Code Clones\n• Find similar blocks of code in your projects/solution\n• Can detect matches that are similar but vary in small ways (like variable\nnames)\n• Available inVS2015 Premium and Ultimate\n ","","Single Responsibility Principle\nThe Single Responsibility Principle states that every object should have a single\nresponsibility, and that responsibility should be entirely encapsulated by the\nclass.\nWikipedia\nThere should never be more than one reason for a class to change.\nRobert C. “Uncle Bob” Martin\n ","What is a responsibility?\n“My CustomerManager class is only responsible for\nanything to do with a Customer.That follows SRP, right?”\n ","Examples of Responsibilities\n• Persistence\n• Validation\n• Notification\n• Error Handling\n• Logging\n• Class Selection / Construction\n• Formatting\n• Parsing\n• Mapping\n ","Dependency and Coupling\n• Excessive coupling makes changing legacy software difficult\n• Breaking apart responsibilities and dependencies is a large part of working\nwith existing code\n ","Common Refactorings\n• Extract Class\n• Extract Method\n• Move Method\n ","Heuristics and Code Smells\n• Visual Studio Metrics\n ","Cyclomatic Complexity\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclomatic_complexity\n ","Keep\nCyclomatic Complexity\nunder 10\nfor every method\n ","","Code Smell: Regions\nMore on Regions: http://ardalis.com/regional-differences\n ","","Open / Closed Principle\nThe Open / Closed Principle states that software entities (classes, modules,\nfunctions, etc.) should be open for extension, but closed for modification.\nWikipedia\n ","Open / Closed Principle\nOpen to Extension\nNew behavior can be added in the future\nClosed to Modification\nChanges to source or binary code are not required\nDr. Bertrand Meyer originated the OCP term in his 1988 book, ObjectOrientedSoftwareConstruction\n ","Common Refactorings\n• Extract Interface / Apply Strategy Pattern\n• Parameterize Method\n• FormTemplate Method\n ","OCP Fail\n ","OCP OK\n ","OCP Fail\npublic bool IsSpecialCustomer(Customer c)\n{\nif(c.Country == “US” \u0026\u0026 c.Balance \u003c 50) return false;\nif(c.Country == “DE” \u0026\u0026 c.Balance \u003c 25) return false;\nif(c.Country == “UK” \u0026\u0026 c.Balance \u003c 35) return false;\nif(c.Country == “FR” \u0026\u0026 c.Balance \u003c 27) return false;\nif(c.Country == “BG” \u0026\u0026 c.Balance \u003c 29) return false;\nif(c.Age \u003c 18 || c.Age \u003e 65) return false;\nif(c.Income \u003c 50000 \u0026\u0026 c.Age \u003c 30) return false;\nreturn true;\n}\n ","OCP OK\nprivate IEnumerable\u003cICustomerRule\u003e _rules;\npublic bool IsSpecialCustomer(Customer customer)\n{\nforeach(var rule in _rules)\n{\nif(rule.Evaluate(customer) == false) return false;\n}\nreturn true;\n}\n ","","Liskov Substitution Principle\nThe Liskov Substitution Principle states that Subtypes must be substitutable for\ntheir base types.\nAgile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C#\nNamed for Barbara Liskov, who first described the principle in 1988.\n ","Common Refactorings\n• Collapse Hierarchy\n• Pull Up / Push Down Field\n• Pull Up / Push Down Method\n ","Liskov Substitution Fail\nforeach(var employee in employees)\n{\nif(employee is Manager)\n{\nHelpers.PrintManager(employee as Manager);\nbreak;\n}\nHelpers.PrintEmployee(employee);\n}\n ","Liskov Substitution OK\nforeach(var employee in employees)\n{\nemployee.Print();\n// or\nHelpers.PrintEmployee(employee);\n}\n ","Nulls Break Polymorphism\nforeach(var employee in employees)\n{\nif(employee == null)\n{\n// print not found message\nbreak;\n}\nHelpers.PrintEmployee(employee);\n} http://ardalis.com/nulls-break-polymorphism\n ","","Interface Segregation Principle\nThe Interface Segregation Principle states that Clients should not be\nforced to depend on methods they do not use.\nAgile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C#\nCorollary:\nPrefer small, cohesive interfaces to “fat” interfaces\n ","Common Refactorings\n• Extract Interface\n ","Keep Interfaces Small and Focused\n ","Membership Provider\n ","ISP Fail (sometimes)\npublic IRepository\u003cT\u003e\n{\nT GetById(int id);\nIEnumerable\u003cT\u003e List();\nvoid Create(T item);\nvoid Update(T item);\nvoid Delete(T item);\n}\n ","ISP OK (i.e. to support CQRS)\npublic IRepository\u003cT\u003e : IReadRepository\u003cT\u003e,\nIWriteRepository\u003cT\u003e\n{ }\npublic IReadRepository\u003cT\u003e\n{\nT GetById(int id);\nIEnumerable\u003cT\u003e List();\n}\npublic IWriteRepository\u003cT\u003e\nvoid Create(T item);\nvoid Update(T item);\nvoid Delete(T item);\n}\nExisting implementations of\nIRepository\u003cT\u003e are\nunaffected by pulling out\nsmaller interfaces!\nNo existing code breaks!\n ","","Dependency Inversion Principle\nHigh-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both\nshould depend on abstractions.\nAbstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend on\nabstractions.\nAgile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C#\n ","Dependency Inversion Principle\n• Depend on Abstractions\n• Interfaces, not concrete types\n• Inject Dependencies into Classes\n• Structure Solution so Dependencies FlowToward Core\n• Onion Architecture (a.k.a. Ports and Adapters, a.k.a. Hexagonal Architecture)\n ","DIP Architecture (aka Ports and Adapters)\n ","Common Dependencies\n• Framework\n• Third Party Libraries\n• Database\n• File System\n• Email\n• Web Services\n• System Resources (Clock)\n• Configuration\n• The new Keyword\n• Static methods\n• Thread.Sleep\n• Random\nSee also responsibilities:\n• Persistence\n• Validation\n• Notification\n• Error Handling\n• Logging\n• Class Selection /\nConstruction\n• Formatting\n• Parsing\n• Mapping\n ","Common Refactorings\n• Extract Class\n• Extract Interface / Apply Strategy Pattern\n• Extract Method\n• Introduce Service Locator / Container\n ","DIP Fail\n ","Hidden Dependencies\n• Checkout Depends on an available SMTP server, but the class doesn’t reflect\nthis\n• Follow the Explicit Dependencies Principle\n• http://deviq.com/explicit-dependencies-principle/\n ","Some Improvement (Façade)\n ","DIP OK (Strategy Pattern / DI)\n ","DIP OK (Strategy Pattern / DI)\n ","Improving Quality Across the Industry\n ","","Self-Improvement and Quality\n• How fast can you produce:\n• Code you believe to be of high quality\n• Code that maybe gets the job done, but you believe to be of low quality\n• Which one can you produce more quickly?\n• Why?\n• How can we develop our skills and our tools so that building quality is\nnatural and easier than not doing so?\n ","0\n2\n4\n6\n8\n10\n12\n14\n16\nWeek 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9\nUser Stories Completed\nHigh Quality Low Quality\n ","0\n2\n4\n6\n8\n10\n12\n14\n16\n18\n20\nWeek 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9\nUser Stories Completed\nHigh Quality Low Quality\n ","Summary\n•Maintain / Improve Application Code\n•Follow DRY/SOLID Principles\n•Use CharacterizationTests to “fix” behavior\n•Apply Common Refactorings\n•Re-runTestsAfter (and during) Refactorings\n•Be Explicit About Class Dependencies\n•Train and Practice toWrite Better Code Faster\n ","Learn More\n• DevIQ.com\n• Ardalis.com\n• WeeklyDevTips.com\n• Twitter: @ardalis\n• Pluralsight:\n• SOLID Principles of OO Design http://bit.ly/SOLID-OOP\n• N-Tier Architecture in C# http://bit.ly/PS-NTier1\n• Refactoring Fundamentals http://bit.ly/PS-Refactoring\n• Domain-Driven Design Fundamentals http://bit.ly/ddd-fundamentals\n• Design Pattern Library http://bit.ly/PS-design-patterns\n• Pair Programming http://bit.ly/PS-PairProgramming\n ","• New Coworking Space in Hudson,Ohio\n• Private offices / Flex desk spaces\n• Fiber internet\n• Complimentary coffee / tea / water\n• Great development community\n• @techhubhudson\n• Website online soon\nTech Hub Hudson\n ","Books\n Refactoring http://amzn.to/110tscA\n Refactoring to Patterns http://amzn.to/Vq5Rj2\n Working Effectively with Legacy Code http://amzn.to/VFFYbn\n Code Complete http://amzn.to/Vq5YLv\n Clean Code http://amzn.to/YjUDI0\n "],"twitterShareUrl":"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?via=SlideShare\u0026text=Improving+the+Design+of+Existing+Software+by+%40ardalis+%23agile+%23agilesoftwaredevelopment+https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fslideshow%2Fimproving-the-design-of-existing-software-81246420%2F81246420","type":"presentation","slideDimensions":{"height":540,"width":960},"topReadSlides":[],"user":{"id":"29257027","isFollowing":false,"login":"ardalis","name":"Steven Smith","occupation":"Professional Mentor/Coach/Trainer","organization":"Falafel Software","photo":"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-ardalis-48x48.jpg?cb=1586530351","photoExists":true,"shortName":"Steven Smith"},"views":1450},"_nextI18Next":{"initialI18nStore":{"en":{"common":{"ad":{"fallbackText":"Ad for Scribd subscription","label":"Ad","close":"Close Ad","dismiss_in":"Dismiss in","ad_info_title":"Why are you seeing this?","ad_info_description":"We use ads to keep content free and accessible for everyone. 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