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<span>Mythological Cycle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythological_Cycle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folktale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folktale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Folktale</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Folktale-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Folktale subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Folktale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Balor's_eye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balor's_eye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Balor's eye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balor's_eye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Severed_head_and_lake_origin_tales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Severed_head_and_lake_origin_tales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Severed head and lake origin tales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Severed_head_and_lake_origin_tales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Localization_of_the_legend" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Localization_of_the_legend"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Localization of the legend</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Localization_of_the_legend-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Interpretations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interpretations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parallels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parallels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Parallels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parallels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%81" title="Μπάλορ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπάλορ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balar" title="Balar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Balar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balar" title="Balar – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Balar" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B9%84%EB%A3%A8%EA%B7%B8%EB%8D%B0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="발로르 비루그데르크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="발로르 비루그데르크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="バロール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バロール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Балор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Балор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3" title="บาลอร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บาลอร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balor" title="Balor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Balor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Балор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Балор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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searchaux" style="display:none">Chief king of the Fomorians in Irish Mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Balor_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Balor (disambiguation)">Balor (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p> In <a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish mythology</a>, <b>Balor</b> or <b>Balar</b> was a leader of the <a href="/wiki/Fomorians" title="Fomorians">Fomorians</a>, a group of malevolent supernatural beings, and considered the most formidable.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is often described as a giant with a large eye that wreaks destruction when opened. Balor takes part in the <a href="/wiki/Cath_Maige_Tuired" title="Cath Maige Tuired">Battle of Mag Tuired</a>, and is primarily known from the tale in which he is killed by his grandson <a href="/wiki/Lugh" title="Lugh">Lugh</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé Danann</a>. He has been interpreted as a personification of the scorching sun, and has also been likened to figures from other mythologies, such as the Welsh <a href="/wiki/Ysbaddaden" title="Ysbaddaden">Ysbaddaden</a> and the Greek <a href="/wiki/Cyclops" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclops">Cyclops</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Balor</i> may come from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Common Celtic</a> <i>*Boleros</i>, meaning "the flashing one".<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early literature he is also referred to as <i>Balor Béimnech</i> (Balor the smiter),<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Balor Balcbéimnech</i> (Balor the strong smiter),<sup id="cite_ref-lge-para312&331&364_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lge-para312&331&364-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Balor Birugderc</i> (Balor of the piercing-eye),<sup id="cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmt-ss133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Balor mac Doit meic Néid</i> (Balor, son of Dot son of Nét)<sup id="cite_ref-cmt-ss128_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmt-ss128-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>Balor ua Néit</i> (Balor, grandson of Nét).<sup id="cite_ref-cmt-ss050_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmt-ss050-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later forms are <i>Balor Béimeann</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>Balar Bemen</i> (<i>Ogygia</i>, 1685),<sup id="cite_ref-oflaherty-ogygia-eng_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oflaherty-ogygia-eng-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Balór na Súile Nimhe</i> (Balor of the Evil Eye).<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythological_Cycle">Mythological Cycle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mythological Cycle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Balor first appears in the medieval texts that make up the <a href="/wiki/Mythological_Cycle" title="Mythological Cycle">Mythological Cycle</a>. </p><p>Balor was the son of Dot son of <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9it" class="mw-redirect" title="Néit">Néit</a> according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Cath_Maige_Tuired" title="Cath Maige Tuired">Cath Maige Tuired</a></i> (<i>CMT</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-cmt-ss128_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmt-ss128-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but called Balor son of Buarainech in the list of renowned <a href="/wiki/Rath_(ringfort)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rath (ringfort)">rath</a>- and castle-builders of the world, preserved in the <i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leinster" title="Book of Leinster">Book of Leinster</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ocurry-rathbuilder_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocurry-rathbuilder-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arbois-rathbuilder_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbois-rathbuilder-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cethlenn" title="Cethlenn">Cethlenn</a> was Balor's wife according to <a href="/wiki/Roderick_O%27Flaherty" title="Roderick O'Flaherty">O'Flaherty</a>'s <i>Ogygia</i> (<a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-oflaherty-ogygia-eng_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oflaherty-ogygia-eng-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cethlenn is mentioned by name in the <i><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn">Lebor Gabála Érenn</a></i> (<i>LGE</i>), but not as a wife of Balor.<sup id="cite_ref-lge-para314&366_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lge-para314&366-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mythological Cycle tells of a struggle between the divine <a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé Danann</a> and the demonic Fomorians. At the behest of <a href="/wiki/Bres" title="Bres">Bres</a>, the Fomorians go to war against the Tuath Dé. Balor appears as champion of the Fomorians and king of the Isles (the <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a>), while Indech mac De was the Fomorian king; the two of them leading the Fomorian army.<sup id="cite_ref-cmt-ss050_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmt-ss050-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmt-ss133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balor built for Bres the fort of Rath Breisi in Connacht, according to the rath-builder list.<sup id="cite_ref-ocurry-rathbuilder_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocurry-rathbuilder-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-arbois-rathbuilder_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbois-rathbuilder-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the ensuing battle, the second Battle of Mag Tuired, Balor kills the Tuath Dé king <a href="/wiki/Nuada_Airgetl%C3%A1m" title="Nuada Airgetlám">Nuada Airgetlám</a>, but Balor is himself killed by his own grandson <a href="/wiki/Lugh" title="Lugh">Lugh</a> before he had a chance to use his destructive eye.<sup id="cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmt-ss133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lge-para312&331&364_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lge-para312&331&364-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balor's eye wreaked destruction when opened, unleashing some "power of poison",<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it took the strength of four warriors to lift the eyelid, by grabbing the ring (handle) attached to it.<sup id="cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmt-ss133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dil-drolam_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dil-drolam-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lugh shot a <a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)" title="Sling (weapon)">sling</a>-stone (<a href="/wiki/Old_Irish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Irish language">Old Irish</a>: <i lang="sga">cloch as a tábaill</i>, "stone from the sling")<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the eye, which came out the other side and harmed the Fomorian army. Balor's falling body crushed 27 Fomorian soldiers, and his head struck their king Indech.<sup id="cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmt-ss133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though not stated outright, the supposition is that Balor here is a "one-eyed giant".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheeranWitoszek1990243_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheeranWitoszek1990243-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one account of the battle, Lugh also killed a Fomorian leader named Goll (meaning "one-eyed"), who may be a duplication of Balor.<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain-fionn_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-fionn-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>CMT</i> says that Balor's eye gained its baleful power from exposure to the fumes from the <a href="/wiki/Magic_potion" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic potion">magic potion</a><sup id="cite_ref-dil-fulacht_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dil-fulacht-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his father's druids were brewing.<sup id="cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cmt-ss133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Curry tantalizingly stated he was in possession of a manuscript with an alternate explanation on how Balor got his power, but does not elaborate due to lack of space.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Curry1863233–234_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Curry1863233–234-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another description of Balor's death, dating from at least the 12th century, says he survived the loss of his eye and was chased by Lugh to <a href="/wiki/Mizen_Head" title="Mizen Head">Mizen Head</a>. Lugh beheads Balor and sets the head on a large rock, which then shatters. This is said to be the origin of the headland's Irish name, <i>Carn Uí Néit</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairn</a> of Nét's grandson").<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Folktale">Folktale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Folktale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cian" title="Cian">Cian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glas_Gaibhnenn" title="Glas Gaibhnenn">Glas Gaibhnenn</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tormore,_Tory_Island_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1051221.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tormore%2C_Tory_Island_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1051221.jpg/220px-Tormore%2C_Tory_Island_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1051221.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tormore%2C_Tory_Island_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1051221.jpg/330px-Tormore%2C_Tory_Island_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1051221.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tormore%2C_Tory_Island_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1051221.jpg/440px-Tormore%2C_Tory_Island_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1051221.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Tor Mór on Tory Island, the setting of some versions of Balor's folktale</figcaption></figure> <p>In folklore collected during the 19th century, Balor is a warrior or tyrant who is generally said to live on <a href="/wiki/Tory_Island" title="Tory Island">Tory Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-odonovan_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odonovan-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balor hears a prophecy that he would be killed by his grandson. To avoid his fate, he locks his only daughter, Ethnea (<a href="/wiki/Ethniu" title="Ethniu">Eithne</a>), in a tower to keep her from becoming pregnant. Balor goes to the mainland and steals the magical cow of abundance <a href="/wiki/Glas_Gaibhnenn" title="Glas Gaibhnenn">Glas Gaibhnenn</a> belonging to MacKineely (<a href="/wiki/Cian" title="Cian">Cian</a> mac Cáinte)<sup id="cite_ref-ogle_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ogle-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bruford_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bruford-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MacKineely/Cian learns he can only get the cow back when Balor is dead, and with the help of his female <a href="/wiki/Familiar_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Familiar spirit">familiar spirit</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Leanan_s%C3%ADdhe" title="Leanan sídhe">leanan sídhe</a></i>) named <a href="/wiki/Bir%C3%B3g" title="Biróg">Biróg</a>, enters the tower, finds Ethnea and impregnates her. When she gives birth to three sons, Balor orders the three to be drowned, but one survives without Balor's knowledge. The grandson is fostered by the smith who is his uncle<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balor eventually encounters his grandson by chance and is killed by him.<sup id="cite_ref-odonovan_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odonovan-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unnamed grandson in the tale is recognizable as <a href="/wiki/Lugh" title="Lugh">Lugh</a>. In "Balor on Tory Island" and its variant, the child is called Lughaidh Lámhfhada (Lughaidh Longhand),<sup id="cite_ref-curtin-p283-donegal_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curtin-p283-donegal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-curtin-p296-connemara_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curtin-p296-connemara-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is recognized as an equivalent of Lugh.<sup id="cite_ref-brown-sirperceval5_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-sirperceval5-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the very similar Irish text "Balor agus Mac Cionnfhaolaidh",<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laoide_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laoide-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the child is Lugh Fadlámhach, i.e., "Lugh the long-armed".<sup id="cite_ref-odonaill-fgb-fadlamhach_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odonaill-fgb-fadlamhach-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another variant, the child is called Dul Dauna,<sup id="cite_ref-larminie_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larminie-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has been explained as a corruption of <i>Ildanach</i> "master of all knowledge", Lugh's nickname.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarminie1893251_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELarminie1893251-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The weapon used against Balor by his grandson may be a red-hot heated iron rod,<sup id="cite_ref-odonovan_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odonovan-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a special red spear crafted by the smith Gaivnin Gow,<sup id="cite_ref-curtin-p283-donegal_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curtin-p283-donegal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter being of special interest to A. C. L. Brown who tries to establish connection to Arthurian lore.<sup id="cite_ref-brown-sirperceval5_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brown-sirperceval5-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balor's_eye"><span id="Balor.27s_eye"></span>Balor's eye</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Balor's eye"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Balor himself may have one, two or three eyes, one of which is poisonous, incendiary, or otherwise malignant; he may have two eyes in front, one each in front and back, an extra eye in the middle of his forehead. Lugh always puts the evil eye out", as summarized by Mark Scowcroft.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScowcroft1995143_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScowcroft1995143-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In O'Donovan's version of the folktale above, Balor has one eye in the middle of the forehead, and a deadly eye on the back of his head. It is described as both venomous, and issuing some sort of petrifying beam with powers like unto a <a href="/wiki/Basilisk" title="Basilisk">basilisk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618–21_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618–21-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Curry deplored the dissemination of such a "peasantry" version, assisted by O'Donovan printing it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Curry1863233–234_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Curry1863233–234-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This second eye in the back does not preclude comparison with the one-eyed <a href="/wiki/Cyclops" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclops">Cyclops</a> of Greek myth.<sup id="cite_ref-crooke_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crooke-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In "Balor on Tory Island", Balor covers the eye in the middle of his forehead with nine leather shields, but Lugh (Lui Lavada "the Longhand") sends a red spear crafted by Gavidin Gow through all the layers.<sup id="cite_ref-curtin-p283-donegal_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curtin-p283-donegal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It may be that this forehead eye should be interpreted as an "extra eye in the middle of his forehead" (one of three) as Scowcroft puts it, otherwise Balor would be rendered blind most of the time. But Scowcroft does not specify the work to which he is alluding. Balor is explicitly three-eyed in a version published by <a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_Maxwell" title="William Hamilton Maxwell">William Hamilton Maxwell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-maxwell_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maxwell-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But another version of the folktale (from <a href="/wiki/County_Mayo" title="County Mayo">County Mayo</a>) says that Balor was one-eyed, yet it was usually covered: "He had a single eye in his forehead, a venomous fiery eye. There were always seven coverings over this eye. One by one Balar removed the coverings. With the first covering the <a href="/wiki/Bracken" title="Bracken">bracken</a> began to wither, with the second the grass became copper-coloured, with the third the woods and timber began to heat, with the fourth smoke came from the trees, with the fifth everything grew red, with the sixth it sparked. With the seventh, they were all set on fire, and the whole countryside was ablaze!"<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Severed_head_and_lake_origin_tales">Severed head and lake origin tales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Severed head and lake origin tales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to a lay in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duanaire_Finn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duanaire Finn (page does not exist)">Duanaire Finn</a></i>, after he was slain, Balor's severed head was set in the fork of an oak, and the tree which absorbed the venom became the timber-wood made into the shield of <a href="/wiki/Fionn_mac_Cumhaill" title="Fionn mac Cumhaill">Fionn mac Cumhaill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-duanaire-shield-of-fionn_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duanaire-shield-of-fionn-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In "Balor on Tory Island" and the Irish text close to it, Lui Lavada (or Lugh) sets Balor's head on a rock, and a lake forms from the dripping pool of liquid. The Irish text does not specify location, but Curtin's tale in English names <a href="/wiki/Gweedore" title="Gweedore">Gweedore</a> Loch (in County Donegal, local to the storyteller).<sup id="cite_ref-curtin-p283-donegal_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curtin-p283-donegal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-laoide_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laoide-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to folklore from <a href="/wiki/County_Sligo" title="County Sligo">County Sligo</a>, Balor was said to have a glass through which he would look to destroy a person with his eye. He used the glass to burn and wither all of the plants at <a href="/wiki/Moytura" class="mw-redirect" title="Moytura">Moytura</a>, which prompted a hero to ask how he did this. Balor, being duped by the trick, removed the glass from his eye long enough for the hero to put the eye out. The blood running from Balor's eye<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> created a lake called <i>Suil Balra</i> or <i>Lochan na Súil</i> (Lough Nasool, "lake of the eye"),<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near <a href="/wiki/Ballindoon_Friary" title="Ballindoon Friary">Ballindoon Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-muirhead_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muirhead-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Localization_of_the_legend">Localization of the legend</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Localization of the legend"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The placing of Balor's stronghold on Tory Island derives from the medieval literature, which places the Fomorians' stronghold there.<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Tory Island there are geological features called <i>Dún Bhalair</i> ("Balor's fortress") and <i>Túr Bhalair</i> ("Balor's tower"),<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a tall rock formation called <i>Tór Mór</i> ("great tower").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192748_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris192748-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the Tory Island version of the folktale printed by O'Donovan was influential, this may have misled the public with the impression that "Tory has almost a monopoly of Balor traditions", so argues <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nr%C3%AD_%C3%93_Muirgheasa" title="Énrí Ó Muirgheasa">Henry Morris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192757_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris192757-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Donovan said that Balor was remembered "throughout Ireland".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Balor tales involving the magic cow were also being told plentifully elsewhere, particularly "South of Ulster". Morris stated he had collected "remnants" in <a href="/wiki/Farney,_Monaghan" class="mw-redirect" title="Farney, Monaghan">Farney, Monaghan</a> c. 1900, and that these versions connected Balor and the cow Glasgaivlen with places as far afield as "south <a href="/wiki/County_Monaghan" title="County Monaghan">Monaghan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rockabill_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockabill Island">Rockabill Island</a> off the coast of Dublin".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192757_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris192757-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some have interpreted Balor as symbolizing a solar deity of the old year, struggling with the solar god of the new year,<sup id="cite_ref-simmons_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simmons-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> namely Lugh. Folklorist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haggerty_Krappe" title="Alexander Haggerty Krappe">Alexander Haggerty Krappe</a> subscribed to this notion. He suggests that the myth and others like it could be metaphors for yearly cycles of growth, death, and re-growth. Krappe hypothesized that the myth is of ancient origin, with Balor representing winter and the old year, confining the woman who represents the fertile earth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrappe192718–22_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrappe192718–22-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_h%C3%93g%C3%A1in" title="Dáithí Ó hÓgáin">Dáithí Ó hÓgáin</a> interprets Balor as personifying the harmful aspects of the sun, such as the scorching sun that would bring crop failure and drought.<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ohogain1999_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain1999-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He speculates that the imagery of Balor is a conflation of a Bronze Age Celtic sun god with the Greek <a href="/wiki/Cyclopes" title="Cyclopes">Cyclops</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ohogain1999_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain1999-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Ó hÓgáin and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ire_MacNeill" title="Máire MacNeill">Máire MacNeill</a> believe that Lugh's slaying of Balor was originally a harvest myth associated with the festival of <a href="/wiki/Lughnasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Lughnasa">Lughnasa</a> and the later tale of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Saint Patrick</a> overcoming <a href="/wiki/Crom_Dubh" title="Crom Dubh">Crom Dubh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ó hÓgáin also believes that the hero <a href="/wiki/Fionn_mac_Cumhaill" title="Fionn mac Cumhaill">Fionn</a>'s conflict with figures named <a href="/wiki/Goll_mac_Morna" title="Goll mac Morna">Goll</a> (meaning "one-eyed"), Áed (meaning "fire") and Aillen (the burner) stems from Lugh's conflict with Balor.<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain-fionn_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-fionn-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parallels">Parallels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Parallels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The parallel between Balor and <a href="/wiki/Ysbaddaden" title="Ysbaddaden">Ysbaddaden</a> from <a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh mythology</a> has been noted by several commentators, but for different reasons. Each is a giant whose eyelid takes several men to lift (using a ring handle vs. lifting with forks);<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each has a spear cast at him and loses an eye;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScowcroft1995144_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScowcroft1995144-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and each is unwilling to give away his daughter to the bridal-quester.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the mid-19th century, Balor has been likened to figures from <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Cyclopes" title="Cyclopes">Cyclops</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-crooke_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crooke-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James O'Laverty noted the parallel with <a href="/wiki/Acrisius" title="Acrisius">Acrisius</a>, the King of Argos who was fated to be killed by his grandson, the hero <a href="/wiki/Perseus" title="Perseus">Perseus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-olaverty_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olaverty-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This parallel has been pursued at length by others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrappe192710–16_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrappe192710–16-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O'Laverty also ventured that the name "Balor" may be linked to the name of the Greek hero <a href="/wiki/Bellerophon" title="Bellerophon">Bellerophon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-olaverty_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olaverty-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Arbois_de_Jubainville" class="mw-redirect" title="Arbois de Jubainville">Arbois de Jubainville</a> argued that the name "Bellerophon" means "slayer of Belleros" and that this is another name for the <a href="/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)" title="Chimera (mythology)">Chimera</a>. He asserts that both the Chimera and Balor are monsters that spew flame or thunderbolts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903115–116_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903115–116-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, de Jubainville (and others) also seized on another comparison: between Balor and <a href="/wiki/Argus_Panoptes" title="Argus Panoptes">Argos</a> the many-eyed watchman of the white cow <a href="/wiki/Io_(mythology)" title="Io (mythology)">Io</a>. Since the destroyer of the former is Lugh, and of the latter is <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>, this neatly fits into the framework of identifying the Celtic Hermes with Lugh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903113–114_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903113–114-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-westropp1917_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-westropp1917-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Krappe lists six elements that are found in other myths: the prophecy of being slain by his own descendant; the precaution of locking the daughter in a tower; the seduction of the daughter by a stranger, who needs to use magic to gain access; the birth of a boy and the attempt to drown him; the fostering of the boy, and the fulfillment of the prophecy by the boy killing his grandparent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrappe192710–16_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrappe192710–16-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Krappe drew parallel between Balor with the supposed Serbian <i>vy</i> mentioned by <a href="/wiki/William_Ralston_Shedden-Ralston" title="William Ralston Shedden-Ralston">W. R. S. Ralston</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but unfortunately Krappe misreads Ralston and utterly confounds this "vy" with what is actually the "Aged One" character (or "old, old man", the witch's husband) in the Russian <i><a href="/wiki/Russian_fairy_tale" title="Russian fairy tale">skazka</a></i> <i>Ivan Bykovich</i> ("Ivan the Bull's Son").<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In actuality, the heavy eyelid/eyebrow motif occurs in <i>Ivan Bykovich</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-afanasev1946-ivan_cows_son_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afanasev1946-ivan_cows_son-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ralston_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ralston-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not specifically ascribed to the <i>vy</i> by Ralston. </p><p>Parallels have also been noted in the etymologies and mythic structures between Lugh's slaying of Balor and Loki's slaying of <a href="/wiki/Baldr" title="Baldr">Baldr</a> with additional etymological parallels noted between the theonyms <a href="/wiki/Belenus" title="Belenus">Belenus</a> and Belin (Slovenian deity).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyathophycus_balori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyathophycus balori (page does not exist)">Cyathophycus balori</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sponge" title="Sponge">sponge</a>, was named after Balor after a 315-million-year-old fossilised remnant of the sponge was discovered by the <a href="/wiki/Cliffs_of_Moher" title="Cliffs of Moher">Cliffs of Moher</a> in Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crom_Cruach" title="Crom Cruach">Crom Cruach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crom_Dubh" title="Crom Dubh">Crom Dubh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology_in_popular_culture#Balor" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish mythology in popular culture">Irish mythology in popular culture: Balor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viy_(story)" title="Viy (story)">Viy#Folkloric sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belenus" title="Belenus">Belenus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buar-ainech means "cow-faced" according to Arbois de Jubainville, who encourages comparison with the Celtic deity <a href="/wiki/Cernunnos" title="Cernunnos">Cernunnos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arbois-rathbuilder_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbois-rathbuilder-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903218_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903218-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A later version of this list, in verse and prose, was made by <a href="/wiki/Dubhaltach_Mac_Fhirbhisigh" title="Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh">Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh</a>, anno 1650.<sup id="cite_ref-ocurry-rathbuilder_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocurry-rathbuilder-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>nem</i>, <i>neim</i><sup id="cite_ref-dil-neim_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dil-neim-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">táball<sup id="cite_ref-dil-taball_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dil-taball-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Balor is frequently legendized as living on Tory Island,<sup id="cite_ref-ohogain_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not necessarily.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192757_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris192757-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Variant: Kian son of Contje,<sup id="cite_ref-larminie_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larminie-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though he is not the owner of the cow in that version, nor related to the smith who owns it.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Or <a href="/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir" title="Manannán mac Lir">Manannán mac Lir</a> the sea-god.<sup id="cite_ref-larminie_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larminie-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Laoide's Irish text and Curtin's "Balor on Tory Island"<sup id="cite_ref-curtin-p283-donegal_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-curtin-p283-donegal-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have the same name for the protagonist Fionn Mac Cionnfhaolaidh vs. Fin the son of Ceanfaeligh (Kinealy), and the plot-lines are similar throughout.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thusin Laoide's Irish version,<sup id="cite_ref-laoide_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laoide-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lugh Fadlámhach's spear pierces seven coverings (Irish:<i>bpilleadh</i>><i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/filleadh" class="extiw" title="wikt:filleadh">filleadh</a></i>; German:<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/H%C3%BClle" class="extiw" title="wikt:Hülle">Hülle</a></i>) out of the nine coverings protecting Balor's eye.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller-Lisowski1923321_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller-Lisowski1923321-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Or alternatively, a "tear" from the object he dropped.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Another piece of lore localized in southern Ulster (<a href="/wiki/Breifne" class="mw-redirect" title="Breifne">Breifni</a> region, which spans counties) connects <a href="/wiki/Enniskillen" title="Enniskillen">Enniskillen</a> in present-day Northern Ireland, to Balor's wife <a href="/wiki/Cethlenn" title="Cethlenn">Cethlenn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192757_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris192757-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town was named after an island castle on the <a href="/wiki/River_Erne" title="River Erne">River Erne</a>, and popular legend has come to associate the castle with this Fomorian queen.<sup id="cite_ref-vinycomb_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vinycomb-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morris further contends that the village Glengevlin had been named after Balor's cow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192757_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris192757-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCotterell2006" class="citation book cs1">Cotterell, Arthur (2006). <i>The Encyclopedia of Mythology</i>. Hermes House. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0681375819" title="Special:BookSources/978-0681375819"><bdi>978-0681375819</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Mythology&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Hermes+House&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0681375819&rft.aulast=Cotterell&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohogain-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFÓ_hÓgáin1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_h%C3%93g%C3%A1in" class="extiw" title="ga:Dáithí Ó hÓgáin">Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Irish]</span> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qUgUAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Balor%22"><i>Myth, Legend & Romance: An encyclopaedia of the Irish folk tradition</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">43–</span>45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780132759595" title="Special:BookSources/9780132759595"><bdi>9780132759595</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myth%2C+Legend+%26+Romance%3A+An+encyclopaedia+of+the+Irish+folk+tradition&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E45&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780132759595&rft.aulast=%C3%93+h%C3%93g%C3%A1in&rft.aufirst=D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqUgUAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Balor%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lge-para312&331&364-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lge-para312&331&364_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lge-para312&331&364_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacalister1941">Macalister (1941)</a> ed. tr. LGE ¶312, 118–121; ¶331–332, pp. 148–151; ¶364, pp. 180–181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cmt-ss133-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cmt-ss133_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGray1982">Gray (1982)</a> tr., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T300011/text133.html"><i>The Second Battle of Moytura</i> §133</a>, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G300011/text133.html">CMT §133</a>; <a href="#CITEREFStokes1891">Stokes (1891)</a>, pp. 100–101, glossary p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cmt-ss128-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cmt-ss128_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cmt-ss128_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGray1982">Gray (1982)</a> tr., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T300011/text128.html"><i>The Second Battle of Moytura</i> §128</a>, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G300011/text128.html">CMT §128</a>; <a href="#CITEREFStokes1891">Stokes (1891)</a>, pp. 96–97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cmt-ss050-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cmt-ss050_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cmt-ss050_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGray1982">Gray (1982)</a> tr., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T300011/text050.html"><i>The Second Battle of Moytura</i> §50</a>, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie//published/G300011/text050.html">CMT §50</a>; <a href="#CITEREFStokes1891">Stokes (1891)</a>, pp. 74–75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Donovan1856">O'Donovan (1856)</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oflaherty-ogygia-eng-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oflaherty-ogygia-eng_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oflaherty-ogygia-eng_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Flaherty1793" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roderic_O%27Flaherty" class="mw-redirect" title="Roderic O'Flaherty">O'Flaherty, Roderic</a> (1793). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pD0IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA22">"Part III, Chapter XII"</a>. <i>Ogygia, or, A chronological account of Irish events</i>. Vol. 2. tr. by Rev. James Hely. pp. <span class="nowrap">21–</span>22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+III%2C+Chapter+XII&rft.btitle=Ogygia%2C+or%2C+A+chronological+account+of+Irish+events&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=1793&rft.aulast=O%27Flaherty&rft.aufirst=Roderic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpD0IAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span>: "Kethlenda, the wife of Balar, gave Dagda.. a desperate wound from some missile weapon"; p. 23: "Lugad.. Mac Kethlenn, from is great grand-aunt, the wife of Balar".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ocurry-rathbuilder-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ocurry-rathbuilder_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ocurry-rathbuilder_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ocurry-rathbuilder_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Curry1873" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Curry" title="Eugene O'Curry">O'Curry, Eugene</a> (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=smKZtWUqAXcC&pg=PA15">"Lecture XIX The Rath builder and the Caiseal builder"</a>. <i>On the Manners and Customs of the Ancient Irish</i>. Vol. 3. Williams and Norgate. pp. <span class="nowrap">14–</span>15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780876960103" title="Special:BookSources/9780876960103"><bdi>9780876960103</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lecture+XIX+The+Rath+builder+and+the+Caiseal+builder&rft.btitle=On+the+Manners+and+Customs+of+the+Ancient+Irish&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.pub=Williams+and+Norgate&rft.date=1873&rft.isbn=9780876960103&rft.aulast=O%27Curry&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsmKZtWUqAXcC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span>. Taken from <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Leinster" title="Book of Leinster">Book of Leinster</a> fol. 27v.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arbois-rathbuilder-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arbois-rathbuilder_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arbois-rathbuilder_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arbois-rathbuilder_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1908" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Henri_d%27Arbois_de_Jubainville" title="Marie Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville">d'Arbois de Jubainville, Marie Henri</a> (1908), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JDzOAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA6">"Gaelic Folk-Tales and Mediæval Romances:Les dieux cornus gallo-romains dans la mythologie irlandaise"</a>, <i>Revue Archéologique</i>, Quatrième Série, <b>11</b>: <span class="nowrap">6–</span>7, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41019629">41019629</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+Arch%C3%A9ologique&rft.atitle=Gaelic+Folk-Tales+and+Medi%C3%A6val+Romances%3ALes+dieux+cornus+gallo-romains+dans+la+mythologie+irlandaise&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E6-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=1908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41019629%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=d%27Arbois+de+Jubainville&rft.aufirst=Marie+Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJDzOAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903218-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903218_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903">d'Arbois de Jubainville (1903)</a>, p. 218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lge-para314&366-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lge-para314&366_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacalister1941">Macalister (1941)</a> ed. tr. LGE ¶314, 124–125 (<b>Cetlenn</b>); ¶366, pp. 184–185; Poem LV, str. 32 on p. 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dil-neim-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dil-neim_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">eDIL s.v. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dil.ie/33028">neim</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dil-drolam-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dil-drolam_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">eDIL s.v. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dil.ie/18783">drolam</a>"; "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dil.ie/33835">omlithe</a> <i>cona drolum omlithi</i> `with a polished (?) handle'. The meaning is speculative, cf. Stoke's note on <i>omlithi</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5q8zAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA122">p. 122</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dil-taball-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dil-taball_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">eDIL s.v. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dil.ie/39366">táball</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheeranWitoszek1990243-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheeranWitoszek1990243_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheeranWitoszek1990">Sheeran & Witoszek (1990)</a>, p. 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohogain-fionn-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain-fionn_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain-fionn_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí. <i>Fionn Mac Cumhaill: Images of the Gaelic Hero</i>. Gill & MacMillan, 1988. pp. 10-11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dil-fulacht-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dil-fulacht_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">eDIL s.v. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dil.ie/24930">fulacht (1)</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#CITEREFScowcroft1995">Scowcroft (1995)</a>, p. 141 and <a href="#CITEREFSheeranWitoszek1990">Sheeran & Witoszek (1990)</a>, p. 243 for paraphrases of this passage. Scowcroft writes the eye was "envenomed by vapours from druid concoctions".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Curry1863233–234-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Curry1863233–234_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Curry1863233–234_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Curry1863">O'Curry (1863)</a>, pp. 233–234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odonovan-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-odonovan_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odonovan_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odonovan_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Donovan1856">O'Donovan (1856)</a>. A history of Balor (told by Shane O'Dugan of Tory Island). pp. 18–20, note s.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris192757-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192757_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192757_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192757_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192757_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192757_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1927">Morris (1927)</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ogle-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ogle_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell1837" class="citation cs2">Ogle, Marbury B. (1928), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ronPAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Kineely%22">"Reviewed Work(s): Balor with the Evil Eye by Alexander Haggerty Krappe"</a>, <i>The American Journal of Philology</i>, <b>49</b> (3): 297, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/290097">290097</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Philology&rft.atitle=Reviewed+Work%28s%29%3A+Balor+with+the+Evil+Eye+by+Alexander+Haggerty+Krappe&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=297&rft.date=1928&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F290097%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ogle&rft.aufirst=Marbury+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DronPAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Kineely%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bruford-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bruford_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruford1966" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Bruford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Bruford (page does not exist)">Bruford, Alan</a> (1966), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9xTaAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Ghaibhleann%22">"Gaelic Folk-Tales and Mediæval Romances: A Study of the Early Modern Irish 'Romantic Tales' and Their Oral Derivatives"</a>, <i>Béaloideas</i>, <b>34</b>: 162, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20521320">10.2307/20521320</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20521320">20521320</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=B%C3%A9aloideas&rft.atitle=Gaelic+Folk-Tales+and+Medi%C3%A6val+Romances%3A+A+Study+of+the+Early+Modern+Irish+%27Romantic+Tales%27+and+Their+Oral+Derivatives&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=162&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20521320&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20521320%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bruford&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9xTaAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Ghaibhleann%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-larminie-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-larminie_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-larminie_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-larminie_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarminie1893">Larminie (1893)</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oq9PAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1">The Gloss Gavlen</a>" (told by John McGinty, <a href="/wiki/Achill_Island" title="Achill Island">Achill Island</a>). pp. 1–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-curtin-p283-donegal-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-curtin-p283-donegal_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curtin-p283-donegal_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curtin-p283-donegal_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curtin-p283-donegal_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-curtin-p283-donegal_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurtin1894">Curtin (1894)</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-RGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA283">Balor on Tory Island</a>". pp. 283–295. (No. 13. Michael Curran, Gortahork, Co. Donegal)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-curtin-p296-connemara-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-curtin-p296-connemara_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCurtin1894">Curtin (1894)</a>. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-RGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA296">Balor of the Evil Eye and Lui Lavada his Grandson</a>". pp. 296–295. No. 14. Colman Grom, Connemara.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brown-sirperceval5-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brown-sirperceval5_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brown-sirperceval5_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrown1924" class="citation cs2">Brown, Arthur C. L. (August 1924), "The Grail and the English Sir Perceval. V", <i>Modern Philology</i>, <b>22</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">87–</span>88, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/433319">433319</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Philology&rft.atitle=The+Grail+and+the+English+Sir+Perceval.+V&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E87-%3C%2Fspan%3E88&rft.date=1924-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F433319%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Arthur+C.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-laoide-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laoide_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laoide_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laoide_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaoide1913" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seosamh_Laoide" title="Seosamh Laoide">Laoide, Seosamh</a> (1913) [1909]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cruachchonaillti00lloyuoft#page/62/mode/2up">"XIII Balor agus Mac Cionnfhaolaidh"</a>. <i>Cruach Chonaill</i>. Dublin: Chonnradh na Gaedhilge. pp. <span class="nowrap">63–</span>65.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=XIII+Balor+agus+Mac+Cionnfhaolaidh&rft.btitle=Cruach+Chonaill&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E65&rft.pub=Chonnradh+na+Gaedhilge&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Laoide&rft.aufirst=Seosamh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcruachchonaillti00lloyuoft%23page%2F62%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=77mbFQ5Op_0C">1909 edition</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corpas.ria.ie/index.php?fsg_function=5&fsg_id=4076">e-text</a> via Historical Irish Corpus (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">RIA</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odonaill-fgb-fadlamhach-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-odonaill-fgb-fadlamhach_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ó Dónaill (1977) <i>Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla</i> s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/fadl%c3%a1mhach">fadlámhach</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELarminie1893251-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELarminie1893251_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLarminie1893">Larminie (1893)</a>, p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScowcroft1995143-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScowcroft1995143_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScowcroft1995">Scowcroft (1995)</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618–21-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Donovan185618–21_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Donovan1856">O'Donovan (1856)</a>, pp. 18–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a href="#CITEREFKinahan1887">Kinahan (1887)</a>, pp. 66–68. "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Folk-Lore_Journal/Volume_5/Donegal_Folk-Lore" class="extiw" title="s:The Folk-Lore Journal/Volume 5/Donegal Folk-Lore">Stray Donegal Folk-Lore: Ballor of the Evil Eye</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crooke-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crooke_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-crooke_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrooke1908" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Crooke" title="William Crooke">Crooke, W.</a> (1908), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mkYKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA173">"Some notes on Homeric Folk-lore"</a>, <i>Folklore</i>, <b>19</b> (2): 173, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0015587X.1908.9719822">10.1080/0015587X.1908.9719822</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folklore&rft.atitle=Some+notes+on+Homeric+Folk-lore&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=173&rft.date=1908&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0015587X.1908.9719822&rft.aulast=Crooke&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmkYKAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMüller-Lisowski1923321-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMüller-Lisowski1923321_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMüller-Lisowski1923">Müller-Lisowski (1923)</a>, p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maxwell-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-maxwell_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell1837" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_Maxwell" title="William Hamilton Maxwell">W. H. Maxwell</a> (1837), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3QRJAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA527">"The Legend of Ballar"</a>, <i>Bentley's Miscellany</i>, <b>2</b>: <span class="nowrap">527–</span>530</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bentley%27s+Miscellany&rft.atitle=The+Legend+of+Ballar&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E527-%3C%2Fspan%3E530&rft.date=1837&rft.au=W.+H.+Maxwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3QRJAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-duanaire-shield-of-fionn-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-duanaire-shield-of-fionn_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacNeill1908" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eoin_MacNeill" title="Eoin MacNeill">MacNeill, Eoin</a> (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u1zpAAAAMAAJ">"Poem XVI The Shield of Fionn"</a>. <i>Duanaire Finn: The book of the Lays of Fionn. pt. 1</i>. ITS 7. For the Irish Texts Society, by D. Nutt. pp. xi, <span class="nowrap">34–</span>38, <span class="nowrap">134–</span>139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Poem+XVI+The+Shield+of+Fionn&rft.btitle=Duanaire+Finn%3A+The+book+of+the+Lays+of+Fionn.+pt.+1&rft.series=ITS+7&rft.pages=xi%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E34-%3C%2Fspan%3E38%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E134-%3C%2Fspan%3E139&rft.pub=For+the+Irish+Texts+Society%2C+by+D.+Nutt&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=MacNeill&rft.aufirst=Eoin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du1zpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBorlase1897">Borlase (1897)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wvJMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA806">pp. 806–808</a>. Collected from Thomas O'Conor and originally transcribed in O'Donovan, O.S.L. [Ordnance Survey Letters] <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {14}{F.14}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mn>14</mn> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mn>.14</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\tfrac {14}{F.14}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0912f60ceec01d581520e2f654de2f230590ce4c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:4.168ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\tfrac {14}{F.14}}}" /></span>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muirhead-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-muirhead_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMuirhead1967" class="citation book cs1">Muirhead, Litellus Russell (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nDwJAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Lough+na+S%C3%BAile%22"><i>Ireland</i></a>. Vol. 2. E. Benn. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=E.+Benn&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Muirhead&rft.aufirst=Litellus+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnDwJAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Lough%2Bna%2BS%25C3%25BAile%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris192748-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris192748_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1927">Morris (1927)</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Donovan1856">O'Donovan (1856)</a>, p. 23, note x.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vinycomb-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vinycomb_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVinycomb1895" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Vinycomb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Vinycomb (page does not exist)">Vinycomb, John</a> (1895), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uF4NAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA119">"The Seals and Armorial Insignia of Corporate and other Towns in Ulster (cont.)"</a>, <i>Ulster Journal of Archaeology</i>, <b>1</b>: 119</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ulster+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Seals+and+Armorial+Insignia+of+Corporate+and+other+Towns+in+Ulster+%28cont.%29&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=119&rft.date=1895&rft.aulast=Vinycomb&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuF4NAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-simmons-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-simmons_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimmons2006" class="citation book cs1">Simmons, Victoria (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f899xH_quaMC&pg=PA164">"Balor"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_T._Koch" title="John T. Koch">Koch, John T.</a> (ed.). <i>Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1851094407" title="Special:BookSources/1851094407"><bdi>1851094407</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Balor&rft.btitle=Celtic+Culture%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1851094407&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df899xH_quaMC%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrappe192718–22-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrappe192718–22_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrappe1927">Krappe 1927</a>, pp. 18–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohogain1999-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain1999_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohogain1999_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFÓ_hÓgáin1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_h%C3%93g%C3%A1in" class="extiw" title="ga:Dáithí Ó hÓgáin">Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Irish]</span> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wYAnySDa0O0C&pg=PA139"><i>The Sacred Isle: Belief and Religion in Pre-Christian Ireland</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer" title="Boydell & Brewer">Boydell & Brewer</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">139–</span>140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851157474" title="Special:BookSources/9780851157474"><bdi>9780851157474</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sacred+Isle%3A+Belief+and+Religion+in+Pre-Christian+Ireland&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E139-%3C%2Fspan%3E140&rft.pub=Boydell+%26+Brewer&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780851157474&rft.aulast=%C3%93+h%C3%93g%C3%A1in&rft.aufirst=D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwYAnySDa0O0C%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1ire_MacNeill" title="Máire MacNeill">MacNeill, Máire</a>, <i>The Festival of Lughnasa</i>. p.416</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrappe1927">Krappe (1927)</a>, p. 4 and note 15, citing <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Windisch" title="Ernst Windisch">Windisch. E.</a> (1912), <i>Das keltische Britannien bis zu Kaiser Arthur</i>, p. 159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScowcroft1995144-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScowcroft1995144_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScowcroft1995">Scowcroft (1995)</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGruffydd1928">Gruffydd (1928)</a>, p. 101n apud <a href="#CITEREFScowcroft1995">Scowcroft (1995)</a>, p. 144n</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olaverty-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-olaverty_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-olaverty_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Laverty1859" class="citation cs2">O'Laverty, James (1859), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Fo_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA342">"Remarkable Correspondence of Irish, Greek, and Oriental Legends"</a>, <i>Ulster Journal of Archaeology</i>, <b>7</b>: <span class="nowrap">342–</span>343, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20563514">20563514</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ulster+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Remarkable+Correspondence+of+Irish%2C+Greek%2C+and+Oriental+Legends&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E342-%3C%2Fspan%3E343&rft.date=1859&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20563514%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=O%27Laverty&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Fo_AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrappe192710–16-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrappe192710–16_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrappe192710–16_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrappe1927">Krappe (1927)</a>, pp. 10–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903115–116-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903115–116_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903">d'Arbois de Jubainville (1903)</a>, pp. 115–116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903113–114-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903113–114_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903">d'Arbois de Jubainville (1903)</a>, pp. 113–114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-westropp1917-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-westropp1917_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWestropp1917" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_Westropp" title="Thomas Johnson Westropp">Westropp, Thomas Johnson</a> (1917), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OdIXAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Duldauna%22">"The Earthworks, Traditions, and the Gods of South-Eastern Co. Limerick, Especially from Knocklong to Temair Erann"</a>, <i>Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Archaeology, Culture, History, Literature</i>, <b>34</b>: 141, 156, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25504213">25504213</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Irish+Academy%3A+Archaeology%2C+Culture%2C+History%2C+Literature&rft.atitle=The+Earthworks%2C+Traditions%2C+and+the+Gods+of+South-Eastern+Co.+Limerick%2C+Especially+from+Knocklong+to+Temair+Erann&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=141%2C+156&rft.date=1917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25504213%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Westropp&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Johnson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOdIXAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Duldauna%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrappe1927">Krappe (1927)</a>, p. 4 n15, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ralston-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ralston_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ralston_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRalston1873" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Ralston_Shedden-Ralston" title="William Ralston Shedden-Ralston">Ralston, W. R. S.</a> (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9Rr-N3yEOhsC&pg=PA72">"Ivan Popyalof"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/russianfolktales00ralsrich#page/72/mode/2up"><i>Russian Folk Tales</i></a>. p. 72.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ivan+Popyalof&rft.btitle=Russian+Folk+Tales&rft.pages=72&rft.date=1873&rft.aulast=Ralston&rft.aufirst=W.+R.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Rr-N3yEOhsC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span>:".. an Aged One, whose appearance is that of the mythical being whom the Servians call the Vy", cited by <a href="#CITEREFKrappe1927">Krappe (1927)</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afanasev1946-ivan_cows_son-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-afanasev1946-ivan_cows_son_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afanasev1946-ivan_cows_son_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAfanasʹev1946" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Nikolayevich_Afanasev" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Nikolayevich Afanasev">Afanasʹev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich</a> (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PW3PAAAAMAAJ&q=%22pitchfork%22"><i>Ivan the Cow's Son</i></a>. Vol. 3. illustrated by Aleksandr Kurkin. George Routledge & Sons. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9785050000545" title="Special:BookSources/9785050000545"><bdi>9785050000545</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ivan+the+Cow%27s+Son&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=George+Routledge+%26+Sons&rft.date=1946&rft.isbn=9785050000545&rft.aulast=Afanas%CA%B9ev&rft.aufirst=Aleksandr+Nikolaevich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPW3PAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522pitchfork%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Krappe footnotes thus (p. 4 n15): "But Slavonic folk-lore knows of a similar monster, called Vy by the Servians. He 'lies on an iron couch.. and sends for 'twelve mighty heroes', and order them to take iron forks and lift up the hair about his eyes". But he erroneously made this an attestation of Serbian lore, when in fact Ralston was paraphrasing from the Russian <i>Ivan Bykovich</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ralston_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ralston-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Compare with a modern rendering of the Russian tale <i>Ivan Bykovich</i>: "the witch's husband, who was lying on a bed of iron" et sqq. ("twelve mighty knights", "pitchfork").<sup id="cite_ref-afanasev1946-ivan_cows_son_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afanasev1946-ivan_cows_son-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sims-Williams, p. 138 n24: "Krappe seems to go further than Ralston in conflating the Russian and Serbian material".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGinevra2020" class="citation journal cs1">Ginevra, Riccardo (2020). Repanšek, Luka; Bichlmeier, Harald; Sadovski, Velizar (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicatt.unicatt.it/handle/10807/187601">"Gods who shine through the millennia: Old Norse Baldr, Celtic Belinos, Old Irish Balar, and PIE *bʰelH- 'be white, shine'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>vácāmsi miśrā krṇavāmahai. Proceedings of the international conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies and IWoBA XII, Ljubljana 4–7 June 2019, celebrating one hundred years of Indo-European comparative linguistics at the University of Ljubljana</i>. Hamburg: <span class="nowrap">189–</span>208.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=v%C3%A1c%C4%81msi+mi%C5%9Br%C4%81+kr%E1%B9%87av%C4%81mahai.+Proceedings+of+the+international+conference+of+the+Society+for+Indo-European+Studies+and+IWoBA+XII%2C+Ljubljana+4%E2%80%937+June+2019%2C+celebrating+one+hundred+years+of+Indo-European+comparative+linguistics+at+the+University+of+Ljubljana.&rft.atitle=Gods+who+shine+through+the+millennia%3A+Old+Norse+Baldr%2C+Celtic+Belinos%2C+Old+Irish+Balar%2C+and+PIE+%2Ab%CA%B0elH-+%27be+white%2C+shine%27&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E189-%3C%2Fspan%3E208&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Ginevra&rft.aufirst=Riccardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublicatt.unicatt.it%2Fhandle%2F10807%2F187601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/munster/2024/0103/1424639-fossil-sponge-co-clare/">"315 million-year-old fossil sponge found in Co Clare"</a>. RTÉ News. 3 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=315+million-year-old+fossil+sponge+found+in+Co+Clare&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fmunster%2F2024%2F0103%2F1424639-fossil-sponge-co-clare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFd'Arbois_de_Jubainville1903" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Henri_d%27Arbois_de_Jubainville" title="Marie Henri d'Arbois de Jubainville">d'Arbois de Jubainville, Marie Henri</a> (1903), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hfIVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA117"><i>The Irish Mythological Cycle and Celtic Mythology</i></a>, Hodges, Figgis</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Irish+Mythological+Cycle+and+Celtic+Mythology&rft.pub=Hodges%2C+Figgis&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=d%27Arbois+de+Jubainville&rft.aufirst=Marie+Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhfIVAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBorlase1897" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Copeland_Borlase" title="William Copeland Borlase">Borlase, William Copeland</a> (1897). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wvJMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA883"><i>The Dolmens of Ireland</i></a>. Vol. 3. Chapman and Hall. pp. <span class="nowrap">806–</span>808, <span class="nowrap">883–</span>891, <span class="nowrap">1077–</span>1078.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dolmens+of+Ireland&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E806-%3C%2Fspan%3E808%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E883-%3C%2Fspan%3E891%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1077-%3C%2Fspan%3E1078&rft.pub=Chapman+and+Hall&rft.date=1897&rft.aulast=Borlase&rft.aufirst=William+Copeland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwvJMAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurtin1894" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Curtin" title="Jeremiah Curtin">Curtin, Jeremiah</a>, ed. (1894). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xtlZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA312"><i>Hero-tales of Ireland</i></a>. Boston: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781404724990" title="Special:BookSources/9781404724990"><bdi>9781404724990</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hero-tales+of+Ireland&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1894&rft.isbn=9781404724990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxtlZAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGray1982" class="citation book cs1">Gray, Elizabeth A., ed. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BjzYAAAAMAAJ"><i>Cath Maige Tuired: The Second battle of Mag Tuired</i></a>. Drucker.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cath+Maige+Tuired%3A+The+Second+battle+of+Mag+Tuired&rft.pub=Drucker&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBjzYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/T300010//index.html">full text</a> via CELT; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/cmt/cmteng.htm">e-text</a> via sacred-texts</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGruffydd1928" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_John_Gruffydd" class="mw-redirect" title="William John Gruffydd">Gruffydd, William John</a> (1928), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=topiAAAAMAAJ"><i>Math vab Mathonwy: an inquiry into the origins and development of the fourth branch of the Mabinogi with the text and a translation</i></a>, The University of Wales Press Board</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Math+vab+Mathonwy%3A+an+inquiry+into+the+origins+and+development+of+the+fourth+branch+of+the+Mabinogi+with+the+text+and+a+translation&rft.pub=The+University+of+Wales+Press+Board&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Gruffydd&rft.aufirst=William+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtopiAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrappe1927" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/A._H._Krappe" class="mw-redirect" title="A. 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Studies in Celtic and French Literature</i></a>, New York, pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>43</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Balor+with+the+Evil+Eye.+Studies+in+Celtic+and+French+Literature&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.pub=New+York&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Krappe&rft.aufirst=A.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015005669091%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLarminie1893" class="citation cs2">Larminie, William (1893), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oq9PAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>West Irish Folk-tales and Romances</i></a>, vol. 1, London: Elliot Stock, pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>9</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=West+Irish+Folk-tales+and+Romances&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.pub=Elliot+Stock&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Larminie&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Doq9PAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/westirishfolktal00larmuoft">Alt URL</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacalister1941" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/R.A.S._Macalister" class="mw-redirect" title="R.A.S. 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(1941), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leborgablare04macauoft/page/134">"Section VII: Invasion of the Tuatha De Danann"</a>, <i>Lebor gabála Érenn, Part IV</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lebor+gab%C3%A1la+%C3%89renn%2C+Part+IV&rft.atitle=Section+VII%3A+Invasion+of+the+Tuatha+De+Danann&rft.date=1941&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleborgablare04macauoft%2Fpage%2F134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorris1927" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nr%C3%AD_%C3%93_Muirgheasa" title="Énrí Ó Muirgheasa">Morris, Henry</a> (30 June 1927), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G5gxAQAAIAAJ">"Where Was Tor Inis, the Island Fortress of the Fomorians?"</a>, <i>The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland</i>, Sixth Series, <b>17</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">47–</span>58, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25513429">25513429</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Society+of+Antiquaries+of+Ireland&rft.atitle=Where+Was+Tor+Inis%2C+the+Island+Fortress+of+the+Fomorians%3F&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E47-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.date=1927-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25513429%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG5gxAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMüller-Lisowski1923" class="citation book cs1">Müller-Lisowski, K. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BQEOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA14">"4 Balor"</a>. <i>Irische Volksmarchen</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">14–</span>18, 321.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4+Balor&rft.btitle=Irische+Volksmarchen&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E18%2C+321&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller-Lisowski&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBQEOAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Curry1863" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Curry" title="Eugene O'Curry">O'Curry, Eugene</a>, ed. (1863), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5JEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA157">"The Fate of the Children of Tuireann ([A]oidhe Chloinne Tuireann)"</a>, <i>Atlantis</i>, <b>IV</b>: <span class="nowrap">157–</span>240</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atlantis&rft.atitle=The+Fate+of+the+Children+of+Tuireann+%28%5BA%5Doidhe+Chloinne+Tuireann%29&rft.volume=IV&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E240&rft.date=1863&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ5JEAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Donovan1856" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Donovan_(scholar)" title="John O'Donovan (scholar)">O'Donovan, John</a> (1856) [1848]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8LHSAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA18"><i>Annála Ríoghachta Éireann: Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters</i></a>. Vol. 1. Dublin: Hodges, Smith, and Co. pp. <span class="nowrap">18–</span>21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ann%C3%A1la+R%C3%ADoghachta+%C3%89ireann%3A+Annals+of+the+Kingdom+of+Ireland+by+the+Four+Masters&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E18-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.pub=Hodges%2C+Smith%2C+and+Co.&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=O%27Donovan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8LHSAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>(Rehash) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKinahan1887" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._H._Kinahan" class="mw-redirect" title="G. H. Kinahan">Kinahan, G. H.</a> (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3UcKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA66">"Stray Donegal Folk-Lore: Ballor of the Evil Eye"</a>. <i>The Folk-Lore Journal</i>. <b>5</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">66–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1252515">1252515</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Folk-Lore+Journal&rft.atitle=Stray+Donegal+Folk-Lore%3A+Ballor+of+the+Evil+Eye&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E66-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=1887&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1252515%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kinahan&rft.aufirst=G.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3UcKAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span>, alt links: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/folklorejournal05folkuoft#page/66/mode/2up">text</a> via Internet Archive</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFScowcroft1995" class="citation cs2">Scowcroft, Richard Mark (1995), "Abstract Narrative in Ireland", <i>Ériu</i>, <b>46</b>: <span class="nowrap">121–</span>158, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30007878">30007878</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89riu&rft.atitle=Abstract+Narrative+in+Ireland&rft.volume=46&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E158&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30007878%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Scowcroft&rft.aufirst=Richard+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSheeranWitoszek1990" class="citation cs2">Sheeran, Patrick; <a href="/wiki/Nina_Witoszek" title="Nina Witoszek">Witoszek, Nina</a> (1990), "Myths of Irishness: The Fomorian Connection", <i>Irish University Review</i>, <b>20</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">239–</span>250, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25484361">25484361</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+University+Review&rft.atitle=Myths+of+Irishness%3A+The+Fomorian+Connection&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E239-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25484361%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sheeran&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Witoszek%2C+Nina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStokes1891" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Whitley_Stokes_(Celtic_scholar)" title="Whitley Stokes (Celtic scholar)">Stokes, Whitley</a>, ed. (1891), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WjVKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA52">"The Second Battle of Moytura"</a>, <i>Revue celtique</i>, <b>12</b>: <span class="nowrap">52–</span>130, <span class="nowrap">306–</span>308</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+celtique&rft.atitle=The+Second+Battle+of+Moytura&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E130%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E306-%3C%2Fspan%3E308&rft.date=1891&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWjVKAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalor" class="Z3988"></span>, alt link: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/revueceltiqu12pari">text</a> via Internet Archive</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Blažek, Václav. "Balor – “the blind-eyed”?". In: <i>Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie</i> 52, no. 1 (2001): 129-133. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/ZCPH.2001.129">https://doi.org/10.1515/ZCPH.2001.129</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balor&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_mythology_(mythological)" title="Template talk:Irish mythology (mythological)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_mythology_(mythological)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish mythology (mythological)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_mythology:_the_Mythological_Cycle199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish mythology</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Mythological_Cycle" title="Mythological Cycle">Mythological Cycle</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">Supernatural<br />figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Tuatha Dé Danann">Tuatha Dé<br />Danann</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abc%C3%A1n" title="Abcán">Abcán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aed_(god)" title="Aed (god)">Aed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aengus" title="Aengus">Aengus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anu_(Irish_goddess)" title="Anu (Irish goddess)">Anu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Danu_(Irish_goddess)" title="Danu (Irish goddess)">Danu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Danand" title="Danand">Danand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ine" title="Áine">Áine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1n%C3%A1nach" title="Bánánach">Bánánach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9_Chuille" title="Bé Chuille">Bé Chuille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9%E1%B8%83inn" title="Béḃinn">Béḃinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boann" title="Boann">Boann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodb_Derg" title="Bodb Derg">Bodb Derg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bres" title="Bres">Bres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_(mythology)" title="Brian (mythology)">Brian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid" title="Brigid">Brigid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cermait" title="Cermait">Cermait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cian" title="Cian">Cian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%ADodhna" title="Clíodhna">Clídna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dagda" title="The Dagda">Dagda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delb%C3%A1eth" title="Delbáeth">Delbáeth</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tuireann" title="Tuireann">Tuirenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Cecht" title="Dian Cecht">Dian Cecht</a>-<a href="/wiki/Miach" title="Miach">Miach</a>-<a href="/wiki/Airmed" title="Airmed">Airmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecne" title="Ecne">Ecne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernmas" title="Ernmas">Ernmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ta%C3%ADn" title="Étaín">Étaín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89riu" title="Ériu">Ériu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Banba" title="Banba">Banba</a>-<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3dla" title="Fódla">Fódla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiacha_mac_Delba%C3%ADth" title="Fiacha mac Delbaíth">Fiacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flidais" title="Flidais">Flidais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuamnach" title="Fuamnach">Fuamnach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9n" title="Lén">Lén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lir" title="Lir">Lir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugh" title="Lugh">Lug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Gr%C3%A9ine" title="Mac Gréine">Mac Gréine</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mac_Cuill" title="Mac Cuill">Mac Cuill</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mac_Cecht" title="Mac Cecht">Mac Cecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macha" title="Macha">Macha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manann%C3%A1n_mac_Lir" title="Manannán mac Lir">Manannán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midir" title="Midir">Midir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Morr%C3%ADgan" title="The Morrígan">Morrígan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Badb" title="Badb">Badb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemain" title="Nemain">Nemain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neit" title="Neit">Neit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuada_Airgetl%C3%A1m" title="Nuada Airgetlám">Nuada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nechtan_(mythology)" title="Nechtan (mythology)">Nechtan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elcmar" title="Elcmar">Elcmar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogma" title="Ogma">Ogma</a></li> <li>Trí Dé Dána (<a href="/wiki/Goibniu" title="Goibniu">Goibniu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creidhne" title="Creidhne">Credne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luchtaine" title="Luchtaine">Luchta</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fomorians" title="Fomorians">Fomhoraigh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Balor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bres" title="Bres">Bres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cethlenn" title="Cethlenn">Cethlenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cichol_Gricenchos" title="Cichol Gricenchos">Cichol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conand_(mythology)" title="Conand (mythology)">Conand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elatha" title="Elatha">Elatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethniu" title="Ethniu">Ethniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethra" title="Tethra">Tethra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cailleach" title="Cailleach">Caillech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carman" title="Carman">Carman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crom_Cruach" title="Crom Cruach">Crom Cruach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donn" title="Donn">Donn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mug_Ruith" title="Mug Ruith">Mug Ruith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailtiu" title="Tailtiu">Tailtiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlachtga" title="Tlachtga">Tlachtga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuan_mac_Cairill" title="Tuan mac Cairill">Tuan mac Cairill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn">Settlers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cessair" title="Cessair">Cesair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthol%C3%B3n" title="Partholón">Partholón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemed" title="Nemed">Nemed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fir_Bolg" title="Fir Bolg">Fir Bolg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aonghus_mac_%C3%9Amh%C3%B3r" title="Aonghus mac Úmhór">Aengus mac Umor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eochaid_mac_Eirc" title="Eochaid mac Eirc">Eochaid mac Eirc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiacha_Cennfinn%C3%A1n" title="Fiacha Cennfinnán">Fiacha Cennfinnán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fodbgen" title="Fodbgen">Fodbgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gann_mac_Dela" title="Gann mac Dela">Gann</a>-<a href="/wiki/Genann" title="Genann">Genann</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sengann_mac_Dela" title="Sengann mac Dela">Sengann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinnal" title="Rinnal">Rinnal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudraige_mac_Dela" title="Rudraige mac Dela">Rudraige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sl%C3%A1ine_mac_Dela" title="Sláine mac Dela">Sláine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sreng" title="Sreng">Sreng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Milesians_(Irish)" title="Milesians (Irish)">Milesians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amergin_Gl%C3%BAingel" title="Amergin Glúingel">Amergin Glúingel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breog%C3%A1n" title="Breogán">Breogán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ber_Donn" title="Éber Donn">Éber Donn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber_Finn" title="Eber Finn">Éber Finn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rim%C3%B3n" title="Érimón">Érimón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9nius_Farsaid" title="Fénius Farsaid">Fénius Farsaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%ADdel_Glas" title="Goídel Glas">Goídel Glas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1mfhind" title="Lámfhind">Lámfhind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADl_Esp%C3%A1ine" title="Míl Espáine">Míl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scota" title="Scota">Scota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Creatures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aos_S%C3%AD" title="Aos Sí">Aes Síde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enbarr" title="Enbarr">Enbarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failinis" title="Failinis">Failinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glas_Gaibhnenn" title="Glas Gaibhnenn">Glas Gaibhnenn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lugh#Areadbhar" title="Lugh">Areadbhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danann" title="Four Treasures of the Tuatha Dé Danann">Four Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragarach" title="Fragarach">Fragarach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAin_of_Celtchar" title="Lúin of Celtchar">Lúin of Celtchar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uaithne" title="Uaithne">Uaithne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Otherworld" title="Celtic Otherworld">Otherworld</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mag_Mell" title="Mag Mell">Mag Mell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADr_na_n%C3%93g" title="Tír na nÓg">Tír na nÓg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donn" title="Donn">Tech Duinn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BA_na_B%C3%B3inne" title="Brú na Bóinne">Brú na Bóinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connla%27s_Well" class="mw-redirect" title="Connla's Well">Connla's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emain_Ablach" title="Emain Ablach">Emain Ablach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fintan%27s_Grave" title="Fintan's Grave">Fintan's Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Tara" title="Hill of Tara">Teamhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tory_Island" title="Tory Island">Toraigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Uisneach" title="Hill of Uisneach">Uisneach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#c1e6c1;;width:1%">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lebor_Gab%C3%A1la_%C3%89renn" title="Lebor Gabála Érenn">Lebor Gabála Érenn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cath_Maige_Tuired" title="Cath Maige Tuired">Cath Maige Tuired</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tochmarc_%C3%89ta%C3%ADne" title="Tochmarc Étaíne">Tochmarc Étaíne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Lir" title="Children of Lir">Aided Chlainne Lir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brian_(mythology)" title="Brian (mythology)">Aided Chlainne Tuirenn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_of_Bran" title="The Voyage of Bran">Immram Brain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dindsenchas" title="Dindsenchas">Dindsenchas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#c1e6c1;"><div><i>part of a series on <a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6d78b94fdf-t9vqq","wgBackendResponseTime":202,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.055","walltime":"1.257","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5209,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":106013,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6105,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":164962,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1096.333 1 -total"," 33.91% 371.730 2 Template:Reflist"," 20.30% 222.578 16 Template:Cite_book"," 13.65% 149.611 3 Template:Navbox"," 13.07% 143.261 19 Template:Citation"," 12.95% 141.950 1 Template:Celtic_mythology_(Mythological)"," 11.67% 127.993 1 Template:Langx"," 9.44% 103.506 21 Template:Sfnp"," 8.99% 98.570 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.22% 57.257 2 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