CINXE.COM
Advanced search - PhilPapers
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://philpapers.org/advanced.html","20211025205225","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1635195145"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" /> <!-- End Wayback Rewrite JS Include --> <title>Advanced search - PhilPapers</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta http-equiv="content-language" content="en"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/advanced.html"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225cs_/https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.13.11/dist/katex.min.css" integrity="" crossorigin="anonymous"> <script defer src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225js_/https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.13.11/dist/katex.min.js" integrity="" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script defer src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225js_/https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/katex@0.13.11/dist/contrib/auto-render.min.js" integrity="" crossorigin="anonymous" onload="renderMathInElement(document.body, { displayMode: false});"></script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20211025205225cs_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/vendor/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20211025205225cs_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/vendor/css/bootstrap-tour.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225cs_/https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.1.0/css/all.css" integrity="" crossorigin="anonymous"> <meta property="og:title" content="Advanced search - PhilPapers"/> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="315507632137867"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/philpeople250.png"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/advanced.html"/> <link rel="icon" type="image/gif" href="/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/icons/favicon-ppl.gif"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20211025205225cs_/https://philpapers.org/dynamic-assets/philpapers/style.73150676c2a5afeb92d34e4aac5ae612.css"> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20211025205225js_/https://philpapers.org/dynamic-assets/philpapers/xpapers.397f18e19371cbbc212fc5e4b3b1d0d6.js"></script> <link rel="image_src" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw/logo.jpg"> <script async src="/web/20211025205225js_/https://philpapers.org/cdn-cgi/bm/cv/669835187/api.js"></script></head> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageDesc="Advanced search"; var BASE_URL="/"; var SERVER=""; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225js_/https://widgets.philpapers.org//init.js" async defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20211025205225js_/https://philpapers.org/dynamic-assets/philpapers/yui.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225js_/https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.12.4.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var $j = jQuery.noConflict(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225js_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-3-typeahead/4.0.2/bootstrap3-typeahead.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225js_/https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script type="text/javascript">$j(document).ready(prototypeBootstrapCompatibility());</script> <!--[if gte IE 9]><!--> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225js_/https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-tour/0.12.0/js/bootstrap-tour-standalone.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225js_/https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/typed.js@2.0.11"></script> <!--<![endif]--> <script type="text/javascript">$j(document).ready(ppTour.initialize());</script> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/raw/vendor/js/respond.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> <body class="yui-skin-sam" id="mainBody"> <div id="all" class="ppskin clearfix"> <div id="banner" class="navbar navbar-fixed-top"> <div class="no-padding-md container"> <div id="headlinks"> <span> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://auth.philpapers.org/login?service=https://philpapers.org/cas.pl&gateway=1">Sign in</a> | <a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/login?action=registration">Create an account</a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="philx desktop"> <span class="philxbtn philxbtnsel"><b>PhilPapers</b></span> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philpeople.org/"><span class="philxbtn">PhilPeople</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philarchive.org/"><span class="philxbtn">PhilArchive</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philevents.org/"><span class="philxbtn">PhilEvents</span></a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philjobs.org/"><span class="philxbtn">PhilJobs</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="head" class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top panel panel-default"> <div class="no-padding-md container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <div id="logo" class="nav-left"> <a class="navbar-brand" title="PhilPapers home" rel="home" style="border:none;padding:0" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/"> <img id="logo" width="50px" height="50px" alt="PhilPapers home" style="padding-bottom:6px" src="/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/philpeople.png"> </a> </div> <button id="menu-dropdown-button" type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed nav-right hidden-xs" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#main-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav"> <i style="font-size:24px" class="fa fa-bars"></i> </button> <button id="profile-dropdown-button" type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed nav-right hidden-xs" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#profile-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav"> <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></i> </button> <button id="search-dropdown-button" type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed nav-right hidden-xs" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#search-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav"> <i class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></i> </button> </div> <div class="hidden-xxs visible-xs visible-sm"> <div class="navbar-form navbar-right btn-group"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed nav-right" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#main-nav" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav"> <i class="fa fa-bars"></i> </button> <button id="profile-dropdown-button" type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed nav-right" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#profile-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="main-nav"> <i style="font-size:16px" class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></i> </button> </div> <form class="navbar-form-alt" onsubmit="if ($j(this).find('input').val().length < 3) { alert('You must specify a search query of three or more characters')} else {window.location='/s/'+escape(UTF8.encode($j(this).find('input').val()));} return false;" method="GET" action="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/autosense.pl" onsubmit=""> <div class="input-group topSearch-container"> <input id="topSearch" autocomplete="off" class="topSearch form-control input-lg" type="text" name="searchStr" style="color:black" onfocus="if (this.value == 'search for..') {this.value = '';this.style.color='black'}" value="" placeholder="Search PhilPapers"> <span class="input-group-btn search-help"> <div class="dropdown topSearch-dropdown"> <a href="#" class="topSearch-dropdown-btn dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="fa fa-sort-desc dropdown-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right"> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/search.html">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/advanced.html">Advanced Search</a></li> </ul> </div> </span> </div> </form> </div> <div id="main-nav" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <div class="navbar-form navbar-right btn-group"> <script type="text/javascript"> $j(document).ready(function() { initializeToggles(); }); </script> <ul class="navbar-nav nav"> <li class="dropdown with-submenu" id="nav-new"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">New</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li class="first-item"><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/recent">All new items</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/recent?preset=books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/recent?preset=journals">Journal articles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/recent?preset=web">Manuscripts</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown with-submenu" id="nav-browse"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Topics</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/all">All Categories</a></li> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-10"><a href="#nav-10" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Metaphysics and Epistemology</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/metaphysics-and-epistemology">Metaphysics and Epistemology</a></li><li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/metaphilosophy">Metaphilosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-action">Philosophy of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-language">Philosophy of Language</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-mind">Philosophy of Mind</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-religion">Philosophy of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/me-misc">M&E;, Misc</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-24"><a href="#nav-24" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Value Theory</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/value-theory">Value Theory</a></li><li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/applied-ethics">Applied Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/meta-ethics">Meta-Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/normative-ethics">Normative Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-gender-race-and-sexuality">Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-law">Philosophy of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/social-and-political-philosophy">Social and Political Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/value-theory-miscellaneous">Value Theory, Miscellaneous</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-36"><a href="#nav-36" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Science, Logic, and Mathematics</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/science-logic-and-mathematics">Science, Logic, and Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/logic-and-philosophy-of-logic">Logic and Philosophy of Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-biology">Philosophy of Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-cognitive-science">Philosophy of Cognitive Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-computing-and-information">Philosophy of Computing and Information</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-mathematics">Philosophy of Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-physical-science">Philosophy of Physical Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-social-science">Philosophy of Social Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-probability">Philosophy of Probability</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/general-philosophy-of-science">General Philosophy of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-science-misc">Philosophy of Science, Misc</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-51"><a href="#nav-51" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">History of Western Philosophy</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/history-of-western-philosophy">History of Western Philosophy</a></li><li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/ancient-greek-and-roman-philosophy">Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/medieval-and-renaissance-philosophy">Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/17th18th-century-philosophy">17th/18th Century Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/19th-century-philosophy">19th Century Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/20th-century-philosophy">20th Century Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/history-of-western-philosophy-misc">History of Western Philosophy, Misc</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-58"><a href="#nav-58" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Philosophical Traditions</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophical-traditions">Philosophical Traditions</a></li><li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/africanafricana-philosophy">African/Africana Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/asian-philosophy">Asian Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/continental-philosophy">Continental Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/european-philosophy">European Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-the-americas">Philosophy of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophical-traditions-miscellaneous">Philosophical Traditions, Miscellaneous</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-4"><a href="#nav-4" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Philosophy, Misc</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-misc">Philosophy, Misc</a></li><li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-introductions-and-anthologies">Philosophy, Introductions and Anthologies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-general-works">Philosophy, General Works</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/teaching-philosophy">Teaching Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-miscellaneous">Philosophy, Miscellaneous</a></li> </ul> <li class=" dropdown-submenu" id="nav-70"><a href="#nav-70" class="dropdown-toggle submenu-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Other Academic Areas</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a class="dir" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/other-academic-areas">Other Academic Areas</a></li><li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/natural-sciences">Natural Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/social-sciences">Social Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/cognitive-sciences">Cognitive Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/formal-sciences">Formal Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/arts-and-humanities">Arts and Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/professional-areas">Professional Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/other-academic-areas-misc">Other Academic Areas, Misc</a></li> </ul> <li> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/journals">Journals</a></li> <li class="dropdown with-submenu hidden-xs" id="nav-profile"> </li> <li class="dropdown with-submenu" id="nav-submit"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Submit material</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/edit">Submit a book or article</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/utils/batch_import.pl">Upload a bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/pages/list.html">Personal pages we track</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/archives/list.html">Archives we track</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/feeds.html">Information for publishers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown with-submenu" id="nav-help"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">More</a> <ul class="dropdown-menu pull-right"> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/whatyoucando.html">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/submit.html">Submitting to PhilPapers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/subscriptions/">Subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/editors.html">Editor's Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/categorization.html">The Categorization Project</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/feeds.html">For Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/archive_admins.html">For Archive Admins</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/contact.html">Contact us</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/surveys/">PhilPapers Surveys</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/api/">API</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/utils/bargains.pl">Bargain Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/about.html">About PhilPapers</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="hidden-xxs hidden-xs hidden-sm"> <form class="navbar-form-alt" onsubmit="if ($j(this).find('input').val().length < 3) { alert('You must specify a search query of three or more characters')} else {window.location='/s/'+escape(UTF8.encode($j(this).find('input').val()));} return false;" method="GET" action="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/autosense.pl" onsubmit=""> <div class="input-group topSearch-container"> <input id="topSearch" autocomplete="off" class="topSearch form-control input-lg" type="text" name="searchStr" style="color:black" onfocus="if (this.value == 'search for..') {this.value = '';this.style.color='black'}" value="" placeholder="Search PhilPapers"> <span class="input-group-btn search-help"> <div class="dropdown topSearch-dropdown"> <a href="#" class="topSearch-dropdown-btn dropdown-toggle" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" data-toggle="dropdown"><i class="fa fa-sort-desc dropdown-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right"> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/search.html">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/advanced.html">Advanced Search</a></li> </ul> </div> </span> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div id="profile-dropdown" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <div class="navbar-form navbar-right btn-group"> <ul class="navbar-nav nav"> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/inoff.html">Sign in</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/users/new.html">Create an account</a></li></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-md hidden-lg"> <div id="search-dropdown" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul class="navbar-nav nav"> <li> <form class="navbar-form-alt" onsubmit="if ($j(this).find('input').val().length < 3) { alert('You must specify a search query of three or more characters')} else {window.location='/s/'+escape(UTF8.encode($j(this).find('input').val()));} return false;" method="GET" action="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/autosense.pl" onsubmit=""> <div class="topSearch-container"> <input id="topSearch" autocomplete="off" class="topSearch form-control input-lg" type="text" name="searchStr" style="color:black" onfocus="if (this.value == 'search for..') {this.value = '';this.style.color='black'}" value="" placeholder="Search PhilPapers"> </div> </form> </li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/search.html">Syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/advanced.html">Advanced Search</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $j(document).ready(ppTypeahead.initialize(".topSearch")); </script> <div id="contentContainer" class=" container panel panel-default"> <div id="content"> <div class="gh"> <h2>Advanced search</h2> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var adv_modes = ['fields','normal','more']; function syncMode(mode) { $('advMode').value=mode; $('advModeS').value=mode; for(x=0;x<=adv_modes.length;x++) { if (mode==adv_modes[x]) { $$('.'+adv_modes[x]).each(function(i) { i.show(); }); } else { $$('.'+adv_modes[x]).each(function(i) { i.hide(); }); } } } YAHOO.util.Event.onDOMReady(function() { syncMode("fields"); }); </script> <form> Search mode: <select style="max-width:300px" id="advModeS" onchange="syncMode(this.value)"> <option name="fields" value="fields" selected>Normal - Good for most purposes</option> <option name="normal" value="normal">Fuzzy filter (basic) - use to screen the literature along thematic lines</option> <option name="more" value="more">Fuzzy filter (advanced) - more flexible filter</option> </select> </form> <p> <div> <div class="more" style="display: none"> <b>Instructions</b> <ul> <li>This unique tool allows you to search the philosophy literature using keywords graded for relevance.</li> <li>Enter words or phrases in the appropriate boxes belows. The more the better. </li> <li>Use <b>double</b> quotes for multi-word phrases such as "externalism about content".</li> <li>Search is not case-sensitive. Words of less than four characters are ignored.</li> <li>Outside double quotes, you can use * at the end of a word to match all words beginning with it. For example, "dualis*" matches both "dualism" and "dualist". </li> <li>You can load an example search to see how this all works: <form style="display:inline"> <select name="examplarId"> <option name="279" value="279">Representationalism</option> </select> <input type="submit" value="Load it"> </form> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="normal" style="display: none"> <b>Instructions</b> <ul> <li>In this search mode, you <b>cannot</b> use * and +. You need to spell out all relevant variations on a word. The exception are words ending in -ism, -ist, or -ists, which will automatically be expanded with all three variations. For example, entering "dualism" is equivalent to entering "dualism dualist dualists" without expansion. </li> <li>You can specify up to two mandatory keywords sets. Only entries which match at least a word in each specified set will be returned.</li> <li>Relevance keywords are used primarily to determine the ranking of entries. You must enter something there or tick the "append words from mandatory sets" option. If you enter phrases in this box (strings in double quotes), they will be treated like separate words. </li> <li>The right way to use this tool is to specify mandatory sets then add additional words to the relevance keywords. </li> <li>You can repeat words for emphasis. A word repeated n times will count n times as much as it would otherwise. (Keep in mind that the "append words from mandatory sets" option can create duplicates.)</li> </ul> </div> <form id="query" method="post" action="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/search/advanced.pl"> <input type="hidden" name="advMode" id="advMode" value="fields"> <div class="fields" style="display: block"> <table class="responsive" style="width:100%" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr bgcolor="#eeffee"> <td nowrap="nowrap" width="15%"><b>Find works </b></td> <td nowrap="nowrap" width="20%">with <b>all</b> of the words</td> <td nowrap="nowrap" width="35%"><input name="all" size="25" type="text" value=""></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeffee"> <td> </td> <td>with the <b>exact phrase</b></td> <td><input size="25" name="exact" type="text" value=""></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeffee"> <td> </td> <td>with <b>at least one</b> of the words</td> <td><input size="25" name="atleast" type="text" value=""></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeffee"> <td> </td> <td><b>without</b> the words</td> <td><input size="25" name="without" type="text" value=""></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeffee"> <td> </td> <td colspan="2">matching this extended query:<br> <textarea name="extended" cols="70" lines="2"></textarea> <br> <span class="hint">Here you can use the same syntax as in the <a class="hint" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/search.html" target="_blank">main search box</a></span> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <td><img alt="" src="/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw//spacer.gif" height="8" width="1"></td> <td class="spacer"><img alt="" src="/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw//spacer.gif" height="8" width="1"></td> <td class="spacer"><img alt="" src="/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw//spacer.gif" height="8" width="1"></td> <td class="spacer"><img alt="" src="/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw//spacer.gif" height="8" width="1"></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <td width="15%"><b>Author </b></td> <td nowrap="nowrap" width="40%">Return articles written by</td> <td><input size="25" maxlength="60" value="" name="authors"></td> <td class="spacer"> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <td class="spacer"> </td> <td class="spacer"> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="top"><span class="hint">e.g., <i class="hint">J Smith</i> or <i class="hint">Smith</i></span></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <td width="15%"><b>Publication </b></td> <td nowrap="nowrap" width="40%">Return articles published in</td> <td><input size="25" maxlength="60" value="" name="publication"></td> <td class="spacer"> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <td class="spacer"> </td> <td class="spacer"> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="top"><span class="hint">e.g., <i class="hint">Journal of Philosophy</i></span></td> <td> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <script type="text/javascript">(function(){window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'6a3e5419cbc5024e',m:'QTCy2hmZO7wlEArmHZ2ZxaKmG0PORGE6Nw0oFPobIeo-1635195145-0-AU+OeiUvqu5ANvo6kUGQZzwupErtcdcyPt/PqXS8vsa35hPiCuMtfJmUiy/OJWiiA7NccxN/FT9bcvhh2txturAgdJOiC6r/cQiLJlx3DV72+ZPUkEma3qLf1WTry32aVw==',s:[0x1676c277e6,0x68aa967900],}})();</script></body> </html> </div> </div> <div class="normal" style="display: none"> <b>Mandatory keyword sets</b><p> Double quotes allowed here to match multi-word strings.<br> Entry contains at least one of these words:<br> <textarea name="w_ezn" cols="90" rows="1"></textarea><br> AND<br> Entry contains at least one of these words:<br> <textarea name="w_ezn2" cols="90" rows="1"></textarea><br> <p> <b>Relevance keywords</b><p> These keywords primarily determine the ranking of entries. You must either specify words here or use the mandatory keywords from above instead. You can also do both. <br> <input type="checkbox" name="appendMSets" checked> Append words from mandatory keyword sets (above) to this list.<br> <textarea name="w_ez" cols="90" rows="2"></textarea><br> <p> </div> <div class="more" style="display: none"> <table class="responsive" style="width:100%"> <tr> <td align="left"><b>Keywords</b></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top">These words <b>must appear</b> in the results: <div class="hint">Use sparingly. Most words are better put in the box below. <br>You can group words using parentheses. "(Word1 Word2) (Word3 Word4)" will restricted results to entries containing (Word1 or Word2) and (Word3 or Word4). </div> </td> <td> <textarea rows="3" cols="40" name="w_a"></textarea> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top">These words are <b>excellent</b> indicators of relevance: <div class="hint">If searching for papers about a given view, you want to put its name and those of alternative views here. Typically, you want dualis*, not dualism.</div> </td> <td valign="top"><textarea rows="3" cols="40" name="w_e"></textarea></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top">These words are <b>good</b> indicators of relevance:</td> <td valign="top"><textarea rows="3" cols="40" name="w_g"></textarea></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="top">These words are indicators of <b>irrelevance</b>: <div class="hint">Use to weed out entries about topics you are not interested in. If you use sufficiently many positive indicators (above), you will not need many terms here.</div> </td> <td valign="top"><textarea rows="3" cols="40" name="w_n"></textarea></td> </tr> </table> </div> <table class="responsive" style="width:100%"> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <td width="15%"><b>Date </b></td> <td nowrap="nowrap" width="40%">Return works published between</td> <td><span><input size="5" maxlength="5" value="" name="minYear"> - <input size="5" maxlength="5" value="" name="maxYear"></span></td> <td class="spacer"> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <td class="spacer"> </td> <td class="spacer"> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" valign="top">e.g., <i>1996</i></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> <td width="15%" valign="top"><b>Other </b></td> <td colspan="2"> Added <select name="interval"> <option name="0" value="0" selected>----</option> <option name="7" value="7">1 week</option> <option name="14" value="14">2 weeks</option> <option name="28" value="28">1 month </option> <option name="56" value="56">2 months </option> <option name="112" value="112">4 months </option> <option name="180" value="180">6 months </option> <option name="350" value="350">1 year </option> <option name="700" value="700">2 years </option> <option name="1100" value="1100">3 years </option> </select> or less ago. <br> <input name="proOnly" id="proOnly" type="checkbox" checked> professional authors only<br> <input name="onlineOnly" id="onlineOnly" type="checkbox"> online only<br> <input name="freeOnly" id="freeOnly" type="checkbox"> free only<br> <input name="publishedOnly" id="publishedOnly" type="checkbox"> published only<br> <p> Minimal relevance (ignore if unsure): <input type="text" size="4" style="width:40px" name="minRelevance" value="">. <span class="ll hint" onclick="faq('relevance')">(?)</a><br> </td> </tr> </table> Save this search as: <input type="text" value="" name="name" size="30" maxlength="100" disabled> <br>(You must sign in to save searches.) <br><span style="font-size:smaller">Saved searches are accessible from the "my profile" menu. They can be used as RSS feeds or to automatically supply entries for a bibliography, among other things.</span> <br><br><input class="btn" type="submit" value="Submit"> <p> <input type="hidden" name="filterMode" value="advanced"> </form> </div> <div class="yui-skin-sam" style="z-index:3000"> <div class="ppskin" id="container"></div> <div id="load_c" style="display:none"> <div id="load_c2"> <div id="loadmsg">loading ..</div> <img id="loadimg" width="16" height="16" src="/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw/generic-load.gif"> </div> </div> <div id="outer-con" class="ppskin" style="z-index:1000"> <div id="editor-con" style="display:none"> <div class="hd"></div> <div class="bd" id="editor-bd" style=""></div> </div> <div id="categorizer-con" style="display:none"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container footer-container panel panel-default panelb-body"> <div id="footerWrap"> <div class="footer centered" style=""> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script> var authResponse; window.fbAsyncInit = function() { /* FB.init({ appId : '315507632137867', // App ID channelUrl : '//web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://bits/channel.html', // Channel File status : true, // check login status cookie : true, // enable cookies to allow the server to access the session xfbml : true // parse XFBML }); */ FB.init({appId: '315507632137867', status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true, oauth:true, channelUrl:"https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/assets/raw/channel.html"}); FB.getLoginStatus(function(response) { if (response.authResponse) { // logged in and connected user, someone you know //fb_step2(response.authResponse); authResponse = response.authResponse; } else { // no user session available, someone you dont know } }); FB.Event.subscribe('auth.login', function(response) { if (response.session) { fb_step2(response.authResponse); } else { } }); // Additional initialization code here }; // Load the SDK Asynchronously (function(d){ var js, id = 'facebook-jssdk', ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.src = "//web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js"; ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); </script> <div style="margin-bottom:10px" class="fb-like" data-href="http://www.facebook.com/PhilPapersPlus" data-send="true" height="63" max_rows="1" data-show-faces="false"></div> <div class="hidden-xs"> <div class="centered" style="padding-bottom:5px"><table class="centered"><tr><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/applied-ethics" rel="subsection">Applied ethics</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/epistemology" rel="subsection">Epistemology</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/history-of-western-philosophy" rel="subsection">History of Western Philosophy</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/meta-ethics" rel="subsection">Meta-ethics</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/metaphysics" rel="subsection">Metaphysics</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/normative-ethics" rel="subsection">Normative ethics</a></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-biology" rel="subsection">Philosophy of biology</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-language" rel="subsection">Philosophy of language</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-mind" rel="subsection">Philosophy of mind</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/philosophy-of-religion" rel="subsection">Philosophy of religion</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/browse/science-logic-and-mathematics" rel="subsection">Science Logic and Mathematics</a></td><td valign="top" width="16%"><a style="font-size:smaller" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/categories.pl">More ...</a></td></tr></table></div> </div> <div class="btnmenu"> <a rel="subsection" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/">Home</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/recent">New books and articles</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/categories.pl">Bibliographies</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/journals">Philosophy journals</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/bbs">Discussions</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/index/">Article Index</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/about.html">About PhilPapers</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/api">API</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/contact.html">Contact us</a> | <a rel="subsection" href="/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/codeofconduct.html">Code of conduct</a> </div> <br> <a class="sponsorbtm" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/http://cdp.uwo.ca/"><img style="height:75px" alt="CDP" border="0" src="/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw/CDP-logo.gif"></a> <a class="sponsorbtm" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/http://pdcnet.org/"><img alt="Phiosophy Documentation Center" src="/web/20211025205225im_/https://philpapers.org/philpapers/raw/pdc.jpg" border="0" style="height:75px"></a> <br> <div> PhilPapers logo by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://www.behance.net/AndreaAndrews">Andrea Andrews</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://www.behance.net/MeghanDriscoll">Meghan Driscoll</a>. </div> This site uses cookies and Google Analytics (see our <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/terms.html#analytics">terms & conditions</a> for details regarding the privacy implications). <br> <br>Use of this site is subject to <a rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/help/terms.html">terms & conditions</a>. <br>All rights reserved by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://philpapers.org/foundation">The PhilPapers Foundation</a><br> <br> Page generated Mon Oct 25 16:52:25 2021 on philpapers-web-6fb58b95f8-nsw64 </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20211025205225js_/https://philpapers.org/dynamic-assets/webpack/webpack.c375769b5f8ee6da36c8.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var onload_functions = new Array(); onload_functions[0] = function() { basicOnLoad() }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.onload = function() { // store pre-loaded menus for my biblio etc. for (x=0;x<onload_functions.length;x++) { onload_functions[x](); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // Google analytics var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/https://ssl." : "https://web.archive.org/web/20211025205225/http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-6029851-1"); pageTracker._trackPageview(); </script> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 20:52:25 Oct 25, 2021 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 07:56:24 Dec 13, 2024. JAVASCRIPT APPENDED BY WAYBACK MACHINE, COPYRIGHT INTERNET ARCHIVE. ALL OTHER CONTENT MAY ALSO BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT (17 U.S.C. SECTION 108(a)(3)). --> <!-- playback timings (ms): captures_list: 0.929 exclusion.robots: 0.024 exclusion.robots.policy: 0.016 esindex: 0.007 cdx.remote: 16.4 LoadShardBlock: 147.118 (3) PetaboxLoader3.datanode: 94.938 (4) PetaboxLoader3.resolve: 157.057 (2) load_resource: 156.176 -->