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1-.052-1.086c0-1.331.282-2.499 1.132-3.368.397-.406.89-.717 1.474-.952 1.399-1.136 3.392-2.093 6.122-2.093 2.731 0 4.767.957 6.166 2.093.584.235 1.077.546 1.474.952.85.869 1.132 2.037 1.132 3.368 0 .368-.014.733-.052 1.086.23.462.477 1.088.644 1.517 1.258.364 2.233 1.721 2.605 2.656a.832.832 0 0 1 .053.22v2.869a.641.641 0 0 1-.078.256ZM12.172 11h-.344a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355.508C10.703 12.455 9.555 13 7.965 13c-1.725 0-2.989-.359-3.782-1.259a2.005 2.005 0 0 1-.085-.104L4 11.741v6.585c1.435.779 4.514 2.179 8 2.179 3.486 0 6.565-1.4 8-2.179v-6.585l-.098-.104s-.033.045-.085.104c-.793.9-2.057 1.259-3.782 1.259-1.59 0-2.738-.545-3.508-1.492a4.323 4.323 0 0 1-.355-.508h-.016.016Zm.641-2.935c.136 1.057.403 1.913.878 2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"security","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"security_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/security"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon 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0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary Link--external" target="_blank" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_skills","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"github_skills_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://skills.github.com"> GitHub Skills <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 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data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"executive_insights","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"executive_insights_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights"> Executive Insights </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Open Source <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a 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seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" 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class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003etableschema-py\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tableschema-py\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: tableschema-py\" href=\"#tableschema-py\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca 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100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://discord.com/channels/695635777199145130/695635777199145133\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/e414b2e6bf9a01906c6ddee2497f9ee8f7555ab6a24a05a16699b5dd7699945c/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f737570706f72742d646973636f72642d627269676874677265656e\" alt=\"Support\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/badge/support-discord-brightgreen\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA Python implementation of the \u003ca href=\"http://specs.frictionlessdata.io/table-schema/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTable Schema\u003c/a\u003e standard.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e[Important Notice]\u003c/strong\u003e We have released \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/frictionlessdata/framework\"\u003eFrictionless Framework\u003c/a\u003e. This framework provides improved \u003ccode\u003etableschema\u003c/code\u003e functionality extended to be a complete data solution. The change in not breaking for the existing software so no actions are required. Please read the \u003ca href=\"https://framework.frictionlessdata.io/docs/codebase/migration.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eMigration Guide\u003c/a\u003e from \u003ccode\u003etableschema\u003c/code\u003e to Frictionless Framework.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFeatures\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-features\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Features\" href=\"#features\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTable\u003c/code\u003e to work with data tables described by Table Schema\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eSchema\u003c/code\u003e representing Table Schema\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eField\u003c/code\u003e representing Table Schema field\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalidate\u003c/code\u003e to validate Table Schema\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003einfer\u003c/code\u003e to infer Table Schema from data\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ebuilt-in command-line interface to validate and infer schemas\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003estorage/plugins system to connect tables to different storage backends like SQL Database\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContents\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contents\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contents\" href=\"#contents\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#getting-started\"\u003eGetting Started\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#installation\"\u003eInstallation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#documentation\"\u003eDocumentation\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#introduction\"\u003eIntroduction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#working-with-table\"\u003eWorking with Table\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#working-with-schema\"\u003eWorking with Schema\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#working-with-field\"\u003eWorking with Field\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#api-reference\"\u003eAPI Reference\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#cli\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecli\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#table\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTable\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#schema\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eSchema\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#field\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eField\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#storage\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eStorage\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#validate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalidate\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#infer\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003einfer\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#failedcast\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eFailedCast\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#datapackageexception\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eDataPackageException\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#tableschemaexception\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#loaderror\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eLoadError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#validationerror\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eValidationError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#casterror\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eCastError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#integrityerror\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eIntegrityError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#uniquekeyerror\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eUniqueKeyError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#relationerror\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eRelationError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#unresolvedfkerror\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eUnresolvedFKError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#storageerror\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eStorageError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#experimental\"\u003eExperimental\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#contributing\"\u003eContributing\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"#changelog\"\u003eChangelog\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGetting Started\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-getting-started\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Getting Started\" href=\"#getting-started\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eInstallation\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-installation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Installation\" href=\"#installation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe package uses semantic versioning. It means that major versions could include breaking changes. It's highly recommended to specify \u003ccode\u003etableschema\u003c/code\u003e version range in your \u003ccode\u003esetup/requirements\u003c/code\u003e file e.g. \u003ccode\u003etableschema\u0026gt;=1.0,\u0026lt;2.0\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ pip install tableschema\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ pip install tableschema\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eDocumentation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-documentation\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Documentation\" href=\"#documentation\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eIntroduction\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-introduction\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Introduction\" href=\"#introduction\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLet's start with a simple example:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"from tableschema import Table\n\n# Create table\ntable = Table('path.csv', schema='schema.json')\n\n# Print schema descriptor\nprint(table.schema.descriptor)\n\n# Print cast rows in a dict form\nfor keyed_row in table.iter(keyed=True):\n print(keyed_row)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etableschema\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eTable\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Create table\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eTable\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'path.csv'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'schema.json'\u003c/span\u003e)\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Print schema descriptor\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e)\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Print cast rows in a dict form\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ekeyed_row\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ein\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eiter\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ekeyed\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eTrue\u003c/span\u003e):\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ekeyed_row\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eWorking with Table\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-working-with-table\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Working with Table\" href=\"#working-with-table\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA table is a core concept in a tabular data world. It represents data with metadata (Table Schema). Let's see how we can use it in practice.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eConsider we have some local csv file. It could be inline data or from a remote link - all supported by the \u003ccode\u003eTable\u003c/code\u003e class (except local files for in-brower usage of course). But say it's \u003ccode\u003edata.csv\u003c/code\u003e for now:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"city,location\nlondon,\u0026quot;51.50,-0.11\u0026quot;\nparis,\u0026quot;48.85,2.30\u0026quot;\nrome,N/A\"\u003e\u003cpre lang=\"csv\" class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecity,location\nlondon,\"51.50,-0.11\"\nparis,\"48.85,2.30\"\nrome,N/A\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLet's create and read a table instance. We use the static \u003ccode\u003eTable.load\u003c/code\u003e method and the \u003ccode\u003etable.read\u003c/code\u003e method with the \u003ccode\u003ekeyed\u003c/code\u003e option to get an array of keyed rows:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table = Table('data.csv')\ntable.headers # ['city', 'location']\ntable.read(keyed=True)\n# [\n# {city: 'london', location: '51.50,-0.11'},\n# {city: 'paris', location: '48.85,2.30'},\n# {city: 'rome', location: 'N/A'},\n# ]\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eTable\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'data.csv'\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eheaders\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# ['city', 'location']\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eread\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ekeyed\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eTrue\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# [\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# {city: 'london', location: '51.50,-0.11'},\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# {city: 'paris', location: '48.85,2.30'},\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# {city: 'rome', location: 'N/A'},\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# ]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAs we can see, our locations are just strings. But they should be geopoints. Also, Rome's location is not available, but it's just a string \u003ccode\u003eN/A\u003c/code\u003e instead of \u003ccode\u003eNone\u003c/code\u003e. First we have to infer Table Schema:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table.infer()\ntable.schema.descriptor\n# { fields:\n# [ { name: 'city', type: 'string', format: 'default' },\n# { name: 'location', type: 'geopoint', format: 'default' } ],\n# missingValues: [ '' ] }\ntable.read(keyed=True)\n# Fails with a data validation error\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einfer\u003c/span\u003e()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# { fields:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# [ { name: 'city', type: 'string', format: 'default' },\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# { name: 'location', type: 'geopoint', format: 'default' } ],\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# missingValues: [ '' ] }\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eread\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ekeyed\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eTrue\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Fails with a data validation error\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLet's fix the \"not available\" location. There is a \u003ccode\u003emissingValues\u003c/code\u003e property in Table Schema specification. As a first try we set \u003ccode\u003emissingValues\u003c/code\u003e to \u003ccode\u003eN/A\u003c/code\u003e in \u003ccode\u003etable.schema.descriptor\u003c/code\u003e. The schema descriptor can be changed in-place, but all changes should also be committed using \u003ccode\u003etable.schema.commit()\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table.schema.descriptor['missingValues'] = 'N/A'\ntable.schema.commit()\ntable.schema.valid # false\ntable.schema.errors\n# [\u0026lt;ValidationError: \u0026quot;'N/A' is not of type 'array'\u0026quot;\u0026gt;]\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'missingValues'\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'N/A'\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecommit\u003c/span\u003e()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003evalid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# false\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# [\u0026lt;ValidationError: \"'N/A' is not of type 'array'\"\u0026gt;]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAs a good citizens we've decided to check our schema descriptor's validity. And it's not valid! We should use an array for the \u003ccode\u003emissingValues\u003c/code\u003e property. Also, don't forget to include \"empty string\" as a valid missing value:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table.schema.descriptor['missingValues'] = ['', 'N/A']\ntable.schema.commit()\ntable.schema.valid # true\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'missingValues'\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e [\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e''\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'N/A'\u003c/span\u003e]\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecommit\u003c/span\u003e()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003evalid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# true\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll good. It looks like we're ready to read our data again:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table.read(keyed=True)\n# [\n# {city: 'london', location: [51.50,-0.11]},\n# {city: 'paris', location: [48.85,2.30]},\n# {city: 'rome', location: null},\n# ]\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eread\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ekeyed\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eTrue\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# [\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# {city: 'london', location: [51.50,-0.11]},\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# {city: 'paris', location: [48.85,2.30]},\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# {city: 'rome', location: null},\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# ]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNow we see that:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003elocations are arrays with numeric latitude and longitude\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRome's location is a native Python \u003ccode\u003eNone\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnd because there are no errors after reading, we can be sure that our data is valid against our schema. Let's save it:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table.schema.save('schema.json')\ntable.save('data.csv')\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esave\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'schema.json'\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esave\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'data.csv'\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOur \u003ccode\u003edata.csv\u003c/code\u003e looks the same because it has been stringified back to \u003ccode\u003ecsv\u003c/code\u003e format. But now we have \u003ccode\u003eschema.json\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-json notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"{\n \u0026quot;fields\u0026quot;: [\n {\n \u0026quot;name\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;city\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;string\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;format\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;default\u0026quot;\n },\n {\n \u0026quot;name\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;location\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;type\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;geopoint\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;format\u0026quot;: \u0026quot;default\u0026quot;\n }\n ],\n \u0026quot;missingValues\u0026quot;: [\n \u0026quot;\u0026quot;,\n \u0026quot;N/A\u0026quot;\n ]\n}\n\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e{\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003e\"fields\"\u003c/span\u003e: [\n {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003e\"name\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003ecity\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003e\"type\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003e\"format\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003edefault\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n },\n {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003e\"name\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003elocation\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003e\"type\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003egeopoint\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003e\"format\"\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003edefault\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n }\n ],\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-ent\"\u003e\"missingValues\"\u003c/span\u003e: [\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003eN/A\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n ]\n}\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf we decide to improve it even more we could update the schema file and then open it again. But now providing a schema path:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table = Table('data.csv', schema='schema.json')\n# Continue the work\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eTable\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'data.csv'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'schema.json'\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Continue the work\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAs already mentioned a given schema can be used to \u003cem\u003evalidate\u003c/em\u003e data (see the \u003ca href=\"#schema\"\u003eSchema\u003c/a\u003e section for schema specification details). In default mode invalid data rows immediately trigger an \u003ca href=\"#exceptions\"\u003eexception\u003c/a\u003e in the \u003ccode\u003etable.iter()\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003etable.write()\u003c/code\u003e methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSuppose this schema-invalid local file \u003ccode\u003einvalid_data.csv\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"key,value\nzero,0\none,not_an_integer\ntwo,2\"\u003e\u003cpre lang=\"csv\" class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ekey,value\nzero,0\none,not_an_integer\ntwo,2\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe're going to validate the data against the following schema:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table = Table(\n 'invalid_data.csv',\n schema={'fields': [{'name': 'key'}, {'name': 'value', 'type': 'integer'}]})\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eTable\u003c/span\u003e(\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'invalid_data.csv'\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e{\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'fields'\u003c/span\u003e: [{\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'name'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'key'\u003c/span\u003e}, {\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'name'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'value'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'type'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'integer'\u003c/span\u003e}]})\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIterating over the data triggers an exception due to the failed cast of \u003ccode\u003e'not_an_integer'\u003c/code\u003e to \u003ccode\u003eint\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"for row in table.iter():\n print(row)\n\n# Traceback (most recent call last):\n# ...\n# tableschema.exceptions.CastError: There are 1 cast errors (see exception.errors) for row \u0026quot;3\u0026quot;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ein\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eiter\u003c/span\u003e():\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow\u003c/span\u003e)\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Traceback (most recent call last):\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# ...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# tableschema.exceptions.CastError: There are 1 cast errors (see exception.errors) for row \"3\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHint: The row number count starts with 1 and also includes header lines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e(Note: You can optionally switch off \u003ccode\u003eiter()\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003eread()\u003c/code\u003e value casting using the cast parameter, see reference below.)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBy providing a custom exception handler (a callable) to those methods you can treat occurring exceptions at your own discretion, i.e. to \"fail late\" and e.g. gather a validation report on the whole data:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"errors = []\ndef exc_handler(exc, row_number=None, row_data=None, error_data=None):\n errors.append((exc, row_number, row_data, error_data))\n\nfor row in table.iter(exc_handler=exc_handler):\n print(row)\n\n# ['zero', 0]\n# ['one', FailedCast('not_an_integer')]\n# ['two', 2]\n\nprint(errors)\n\n# [(CastError('There are 1 cast errors (see exception.errors) for row \u0026quot;3\u0026quot;',),\n# 3,\n# OrderedDict([('key', 'one'), ('value', 'not_an_integer')]),\n# OrderedDict([('value', 'not_an_integer')]))]\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e []\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003edef\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eexc_handler\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexc\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow_number\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow_data\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerror_data\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e):\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eappend\u003c/span\u003e((\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexc\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow_number\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow_data\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerror_data\u003c/span\u003e))\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ein\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eiter\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexc_handler\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexc_handler\u003c/span\u003e):\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow\u003c/span\u003e)\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# ['zero', 0]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# ['one', FailedCast('not_an_integer')]\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# ['two', 2]\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e)\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# [(CastError('There are 1 cast errors (see exception.errors) for row \"3\"',),\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# 3,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# OrderedDict([('key', 'one'), ('value', 'not_an_integer')]),\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# OrderedDict([('value', 'not_an_integer')]))]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNote that\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eData rows are yielded even though the data is schema-invalid; this is due to our custom expression handler choosing not to raise exceptions (but rather collect them in the errors list).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eData field values that can't get casted properly (if \u003ccode\u003eiter()\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003eread()\u003c/code\u003e cast parameter is set to True, which is the default) are wrapped into a \u003ccode\u003eFailedCast\u003c/code\u003e \"value holder\". This allows for distinguishing uncasted values from successfully casted values on the data consumer side. \u003ccode\u003eFailedCast\u003c/code\u003e instances can only get yielded when custom exception handling is in place.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe custom exception handler callable must support a function signature as specified in the \u003ccode\u003eiter()\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003eread()\u003c/code\u003e sections of the \u003ccode\u003eTable\u003c/code\u003e class API reference.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eWorking with Schema\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-working-with-schema\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Working with Schema\" href=\"#working-with-schema\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA model of a schema with helpful methods for working with the schema and supported data. Schema instances can be initialized with a schema source as a url to a JSON file or a JSON object. The schema is initially validated (see \u003ca href=\"#validate\"\u003evalidate\u003c/a\u003e below). By default validation errors will be stored in \u003ccode\u003eschema.errors\u003c/code\u003e but in a strict mode it will be instantly raised.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eLet's create a blank schema. It's not valid because \u003ccode\u003edescriptor.fields\u003c/code\u003e property is required by the \u003ca href=\"http://specs.frictionlessdata.io/table-schema/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eTable Schema\u003c/a\u003e specification:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema = Schema()\nschema.valid # false\nschema.errors\n# [\u0026lt;ValidationError: \u0026quot;'fields' is a required property\u0026quot;\u0026gt;]\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eSchema\u003c/span\u003e()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003evalid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# false\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# [\u0026lt;ValidationError: \"'fields' is a required property\"\u0026gt;]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo avoid creating a schema descriptor by hand we will use a \u003ccode\u003eschema.infer\u003c/code\u003e method to infer the descriptor from given data:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.infer([\n ['id', 'age', 'name'],\n ['1','39','Paul'],\n ['2','23','Jimmy'],\n ['3','36','Jane'],\n ['4','28','Judy'],\n])\nschema.valid # true\nschema.descriptor\n#{ fields:\n# [ { name: 'id', type: 'integer', format: 'default' },\n# { name: 'age', type: 'integer', format: 'default' },\n# { name: 'name', type: 'string', format: 'default' } ],\n# missingValues: [ '' ] }\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einfer\u003c/span\u003e([\n [\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'id'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'age'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'name'\u003c/span\u003e],\n [\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'1'\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'39'\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'Paul'\u003c/span\u003e],\n [\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'2'\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'23'\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'Jimmy'\u003c/span\u003e],\n [\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'3'\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'36'\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'Jane'\u003c/span\u003e],\n [\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'4'\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'28'\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'Judy'\u003c/span\u003e],\n])\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003evalid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# true\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#{ fields:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# [ { name: 'id', type: 'integer', format: 'default' },\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# { name: 'age', type: 'integer', format: 'default' },\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# { name: 'name', type: 'string', format: 'default' } ],\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# missingValues: [ '' ] }\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNow we have an inferred schema and it's valid. We can cast data rows against our schema. We provide a string input which will be cast correspondingly:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.cast_row(['5', '66', 'Sam'])\n# [ 5, 66, 'Sam' ]\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecast_row\u003c/span\u003e([\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'5'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'66'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'Sam'\u003c/span\u003e])\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# [ 5, 66, 'Sam' ]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBut if we try provide some missing value to the \u003ccode\u003eage\u003c/code\u003e field, the cast will fail because the only valid \"missing\" value is an empty string. Let's update our schema:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.cast_row(['6', 'N/A', 'Walt'])\n# Cast error\nschema.descriptor['missingValues'] = ['', 'N/A']\nschema.commit()\nschema.cast_row(['6', 'N/A', 'Walt'])\n# [ 6, None, 'Walt' ]\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecast_row\u003c/span\u003e([\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'6'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'N/A'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'Walt'\u003c/span\u003e])\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Cast error\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'missingValues'\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e [\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e''\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'N/A'\u003c/span\u003e]\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecommit\u003c/span\u003e()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecast_row\u003c/span\u003e([\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'6'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'N/A'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'Walt'\u003c/span\u003e])\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# [ 6, None, 'Walt' ]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe can save the schema to a local file, and resume work on it at any time by loading it from that file:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.save('schema.json')\nschema = Schema('schema.json')\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esave\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'schema.json'\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eSchema\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'schema.json'\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eWorking with Field\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-working-with-field\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Working with Field\" href=\"#working-with-field\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"from tableschema import Field\n\n# Init field\nfield = Field({'name': 'name', 'type': 'number'})\n\n# Cast a value\nfield.cast_value('12345') # -\u0026gt; 12345\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etableschema\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eField\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Init field\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efield\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eField\u003c/span\u003e({\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'name'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'name'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'type'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'number'\u003c/span\u003e})\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Cast a value\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efield\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecast_value\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'12345'\u003c/span\u003e) \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# -\u0026gt; 12345\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eData values can be cast to native Python objects with a Field instance. Type instances can be initialized with \u003ca href=\"https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/table-schema/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003efield descriptors\u003c/a\u003e. This allows formats and constraints to be defined.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCasting a value will check the value is of the expected type, is in the correct format, and complies with any constraints imposed by a schema. E.g. a date value (in ISO 8601 format) can be cast with a DateType instance. Values that can't be cast will raise an \u003ccode\u003eInvalidCastError\u003c/code\u003e exception.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCasting a value that doesn't meet the constraints will raise a \u003ccode\u003eConstraintError\u003c/code\u003e exception.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAPI Reference\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-api-reference\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: API Reference\" href=\"#api-reference\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ecli\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-cli\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: cli\" href=\"#cli\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"cli()\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ecli\u003c/span\u003e()\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCommand-line interface\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Usage: tableschema [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...\n\nOptions:\n --help Show this message and exit.\n\nCommands:\n infer Infer a schema from data.\n info Return info on this version of Table Schema\n validate Validate that a supposed schema is in fact a Table Schema.\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eUsage: tableschema [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...\n\nOptions:\n --help Show this message and exit.\n\nCommands:\n infer Infer a schema from data.\n info Return info on this version of Table Schema\n validate Validate that a supposed schema is in fact a Table Schema.\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTable\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-table\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Table\" href=\"#table\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Table(self,\n source,\n schema=None,\n strict=False,\n post_cast=[],\n storage=None,\n **options)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eTable\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esource\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estrict\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003epost_cast\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[],\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e**\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable representation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esource (str/list[])\u003c/strong\u003e: data source one of:\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003elocal file (path)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eremote file (url)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003earray of arrays representing the rows\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eschema (any)\u003c/strong\u003e: data schema in all forms supported by \u003ccode\u003eSchema\u003c/code\u003e class\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estrict (bool)\u003c/strong\u003e: strictness option to pass to \u003ccode\u003eSchema\u003c/code\u003e constructor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epost_cast (function[])\u003c/strong\u003e: list of post cast processors\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estorage (None)\u003c/strong\u003e: storage name like \u003ccode\u003esql\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003ebigquery\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eoptions (dict)\u003c/strong\u003e: \u003ccode\u003etabulator\u003c/code\u003e or storage's options\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: raises on any error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etable.hash\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tablehash\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: table.hash\" href=\"#tablehash\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable's SHA256 hash if it's available.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf it's already read using e.g. \u003ccode\u003etable.read\u003c/code\u003e, otherwise returns \u003ccode\u003eNone\u003c/code\u003e.\nIn the middle of an iteration it returns hash of already read contents\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr/None\u003c/code\u003e: SHA256 hash\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etable.headers\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tableheaders\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: table.headers\" href=\"#tableheaders\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable's headers is available\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr[]\u003c/code\u003e: headers\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etable.schema\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tableschema\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: table.schema\" href=\"#tableschema\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eReturns schema class instance if available\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eSchema\u003c/code\u003e: schema\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etable.size\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tablesize\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: table.size\" href=\"#tablesize\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTable's size in BYTES if it's available\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf it's already read using e.g. \u003ccode\u003etable.read\u003c/code\u003e, otherwise returns \u003ccode\u003eNone\u003c/code\u003e.\nIn the middle of an iteration it returns size of already read contents\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eint/None\u003c/code\u003e: size in BYTES\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etable.iter\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tableiter\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: table.iter\" href=\"#tableiter\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table.iter(keyed=False,\n extended=False,\n cast=True,\n integrity=False,\n relations=False,\n foreign_keys_values=False,\n exc_handler=None)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eiter\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ekeyed\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eextended\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ecast\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eTrue\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eintegrity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erelations\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eforeign_keys_values\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexc_handler\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIterates through the table data and emits rows cast based on table schema.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"keyed (bool):\n yield keyed rows in a form of `{header1: value1, header2: value2}`\n (default is false; the form of rows is `[value1, value2]`)\n\nextended (bool):\n yield extended rows in a for of `[rowNumber, [header1, header2], [value1, value2]]`\n (default is false; the form of rows is `[value1, value2]`)\n\ncast (bool):\n disable data casting if false\n (default is true)\n\nintegrity (dict):\n dictionary in a form of `{'size': \u0026lt;bytes\u0026gt;, 'hash': '\u0026lt;sha256\u0026gt;'}`\n to check integrity of the table when it's read completely.\n Both keys are optional.\n\nrelations (dict):\n dictionary of foreign key references in a form\n of `{resource1: [{field1: value1, field2: value2}, ...], ...}`.\n If provided, foreign key fields will checked and resolved\n to one of their references (/!\\ one-to-many fk are not completely resolved).\n\nforeign_keys_values (dict):\n three-level dictionary of foreign key references optimized\n to speed up validation process in a form of\n `{resource1: {(fk_field1, fk_field2): {(value1, value2): {one_keyedrow}, ... }}}`.\n If not provided but relations is true, it will be created\n before the validation process by *index_foreign_keys_values* method\n\nexc_handler (func):\n optional custom exception handler callable.\n Can be used to defer raising errors (i.e. \u0026quot;fail late\u0026quot;), e.g.\n for data validation purposes. Must support the signature below\"\u003e\u003cpre class=\"notranslate\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ekeyed (bool):\n yield keyed rows in a form of `{header1: value1, header2: value2}`\n (default is false; the form of rows is `[value1, value2]`)\n\nextended (bool):\n yield extended rows in a for of `[rowNumber, [header1, header2], [value1, value2]]`\n (default is false; the form of rows is `[value1, value2]`)\n\ncast (bool):\n disable data casting if false\n (default is true)\n\nintegrity (dict):\n dictionary in a form of `{'size': \u0026lt;bytes\u0026gt;, 'hash': '\u0026lt;sha256\u0026gt;'}`\n to check integrity of the table when it's read completely.\n Both keys are optional.\n\nrelations (dict):\n dictionary of foreign key references in a form\n of `{resource1: [{field1: value1, field2: value2}, ...], ...}`.\n If provided, foreign key fields will checked and resolved\n to one of their references (/!\\ one-to-many fk are not completely resolved).\n\nforeign_keys_values (dict):\n three-level dictionary of foreign key references optimized\n to speed up validation process in a form of\n `{resource1: {(fk_field1, fk_field2): {(value1, value2): {one_keyedrow}, ... }}}`.\n If not provided but relations is true, it will be created\n before the validation process by *index_foreign_keys_values* method\n\nexc_handler (func):\n optional custom exception handler callable.\n Can be used to defer raising errors (i.e. \"fail late\"), e.g.\n for data validation purposes. Must support the signature below\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCustom exception handler\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"def exc_handler(exc, row_number=None, row_data=None, error_data=None):\n '''Custom exception handler (example)\n\n # Arguments:\n exc(Exception):\n Deferred exception instance\n row_number(int):\n Data row number that triggers exception exc\n row_data(OrderedDict):\n Invalid data row source data\n error_data(OrderedDict):\n Data row source data field subset responsible for the error, if\n applicable (e.g. invalid primary or foreign key fields). May be\n identical to row_data.\n '''\n # ...\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003edef\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eexc_handler\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexc\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow_number\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow_data\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerror_data\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e):\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'''Custom exception handler (example)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e # Arguments:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e exc(Exception):\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e Deferred exception instance\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e row_number(int):\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e Data row number that triggers exception exc\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e row_data(OrderedDict):\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e Invalid data row source data\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e error_data(OrderedDict):\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e Data row source data field subset responsible for the error, if\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e applicable (e.g. invalid primary or foreign key fields). May be\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e identical to row_data.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e '''\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# ...\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: base class of any error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eCastError\u003c/code\u003e: data cast error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eIntegrityError\u003c/code\u003e: integrity checking error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eUniqueKeyError\u003c/code\u003e: unique key constraint violation\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eUnresolvedFKError\u003c/code\u003e: unresolved foreign key reference error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eIterator[list]\u003c/code\u003e: yields rows\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etable.read\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tableread\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: table.read\" href=\"#tableread\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table.read(keyed=False,\n extended=False,\n cast=True,\n limit=None,\n integrity=False,\n relations=False,\n foreign_keys_values=False,\n exc_handler=None)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eread\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ekeyed\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eextended\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ecast\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eTrue\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003elimit\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eintegrity\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erelations\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eforeign_keys_values\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexc_handler\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRead the whole table and return as array of rows\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt has the same API as \u003ccode\u003etable.iter\u003c/code\u003e except for\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elimit (int)\u003c/strong\u003e: limit count of rows to read and return\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elist[]\u003c/code\u003e: returns rows\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etable.infer\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tableinfer\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: table.infer\" href=\"#tableinfer\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table.infer(limit=100,\n confidence=0.75,\n missing_values=[''],\n guesser_cls=None,\n resolver_cls=None)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einfer\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003elimit\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econfidence\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0.75\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emissing_values\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e''\u003c/span\u003e],\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eguesser_cls\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eresolver_cls\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eInfer a schema for the table.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt will infer and set Table Schema to \u003ccode\u003etable.schema\u003c/code\u003e based on table data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003elimit (int)\u003c/strong\u003e: limit rows sample size\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econfidence (float)\u003c/strong\u003e: how many casting errors are allowed (as a ratio, between 0 and 1)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emissing_values (str[])\u003c/strong\u003e: list of missing values (by default \u003ccode\u003e['']\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eguesser_cls (class)\u003c/strong\u003e: you can implement inferring strategies by\nproviding type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eresolver_cls (class)\u003c/strong\u003e: you can implement inferring strategies by\nproviding type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edict\u003c/code\u003e: Table Schema descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etable.save\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tablesave\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: table.save\" href=\"#tablesave\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table.save(target, storage=None, **options)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esave\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etarget\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e**\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSave data source to file locally in CSV format with \u003ccode\u003e,\u003c/code\u003e (comma) delimiter\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo save schema use \u003ccode\u003etable.schema.save()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etarget (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: saving target (e.g. file path)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estorage (None/str)\u003c/strong\u003e: storage name like \u003ccode\u003esql\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003ebigquery\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eoptions (dict)\u003c/strong\u003e: \u003ccode\u003etabulator\u003c/code\u003e or storage options\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: raises an error if there is saving problem\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTrue/Storage\u003c/code\u003e: returns true or storage instance\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003etable.index_foreign_keys_values\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tableindex_foreign_keys_values\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: table.index_foreign_keys_values\" href=\"#tableindex_foreign_keys_values\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"table.index_foreign_keys_values(relations)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etable\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eindex_foreign_keys_values\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erelations\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCreates a three-level dictionary of foreign key references\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWe create them optimized to speed up validation process in a form of\n\u003ccode\u003e{resource1: {(fk_field1, fk_field2): {(value1, value2): {one_keyedrow}, ... }}}\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor each foreign key of the schema it will iterate through the corresponding\n\u003ccode\u003erelations['resource']\u003c/code\u003e to create an index (i.e. a dict) of existing values\nfor the foreign fields and store on keyed row for each value combination.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe optimization relies on the indexation of possible values for one foreign key\nin a hashmap to later speed up resolution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis method is public to allow creating the index once to apply it\non multiple tables charing the same schema\n(typically \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage-py#group\"\u003egrouped resources in datapackage\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ethe second key of the output is a tuple of the foreign fields,\na proxy identifier of the foreign key\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ethe same relation resource can be indexed multiple times\nas a schema can contain more than one Foreign Keys\npointing to the same resource\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erelations (dict)\u003c/strong\u003e:\ndict of foreign key references in a form of\n\u003ccode\u003e{resource1: [{field1: value1, field2: value2}, ...], ...}\u003c/code\u003e.\nIt must contain all resources pointed in the foreign keys schema definition.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edict\u003c/code\u003e:\nreturns a three-level dictionary of foreign key references\noptimized to speed up validation process in a form of\n\u003ccode\u003e{resource1: {(fk_field1, fk_field2): {(value1, value2): {one_keyedrow}, ... }}})\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eSchema\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schema\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Schema\" href=\"#schema\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Schema(self, descriptor={}, strict=False)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eSchema\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e{}, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estrict\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSchema representation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edescriptor (str/dict)\u003c/strong\u003e: schema descriptor one of:\n- local path\n- remote url\n- dictionary\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estrict (bool)\u003c/strong\u003e: flag to specify validation behaviour:\n- if false, errors will not be raised but instead collected in \u003ccode\u003eschema.errors\u003c/code\u003e\n- if true, validation errors are raised immediately\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: raise any error that occurs during the process\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.descriptor\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemadescriptor\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.descriptor\" href=\"#schemadescriptor\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSchema's descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edict\u003c/code\u003e: descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.errors\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemaerrors\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.errors\" href=\"#schemaerrors\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eValidation errors\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlways empty in strict mode.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eException[]\u003c/code\u003e: validation errors\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.field_names\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemafield_names\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.field_names\" href=\"#schemafield_names\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSchema's field names\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr[]\u003c/code\u003e: an array of field names\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.fields\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemafields\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.fields\" href=\"#schemafields\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSchema's fields\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eField[]\u003c/code\u003e: an array of field instances\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.foreign_keys\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemaforeign_keys\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.foreign_keys\" href=\"#schemaforeign_keys\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSchema's foreign keys\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edict[]\u003c/code\u003e: foreign keys\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.headers\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemaheaders\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.headers\" href=\"#schemaheaders\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSchema's field names\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr[]\u003c/code\u003e: an array of field names\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.missing_values\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemamissing_values\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.missing_values\" href=\"#schemamissing_values\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSchema's missing values\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr[]\u003c/code\u003e: missing values\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.primary_key\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemaprimary_key\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.primary_key\" href=\"#schemaprimary_key\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSchema's primary keys\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr[]\u003c/code\u003e: primary keys\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.valid\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemavalid\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.valid\" href=\"#schemavalid\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eValidation status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAlways true in strict mode.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e: validation status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.get_field\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemaget_field\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.get_field\" href=\"#schemaget_field\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.get_field(name)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eget_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGet schema's field by name.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUse \u003ccode\u003etable.update_field\u003c/code\u003e if you want to modify the field descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ename (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: schema field name\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eField/None\u003c/code\u003e: \u003ccode\u003eField\u003c/code\u003e instance or \u003ccode\u003eNone\u003c/code\u003e if not found\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.get_field\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemaget_field-1\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.get_field\" href=\"#schemaget_field-1\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.get_field(name)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eget_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGet schema's field by name.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUse \u003ccode\u003etable.update_field\u003c/code\u003e if you want to modify the field descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ename (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: schema field name\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eField/None\u003c/code\u003e: \u003ccode\u003eField\u003c/code\u003e instance or \u003ccode\u003eNone\u003c/code\u003e if not found\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.add_field\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemaadd_field\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.add_field\" href=\"#schemaadd_field\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.add_field(descriptor)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eadd_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdd new field to schema.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe schema descriptor will be validated with newly added field descriptor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edescriptor (dict)\u003c/strong\u003e: field descriptor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: raises any error that occurs during the process\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eField/None\u003c/code\u003e: added \u003ccode\u003eField\u003c/code\u003e instance or \u003ccode\u003eNone\u003c/code\u003e if not added\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.update_field\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemaupdate_field\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.update_field\" href=\"#schemaupdate_field\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.update_field(name, update)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eupdate_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eupdate\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUpdate existing descriptor field by name\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ename (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: schema field name\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eupdate (dict)\u003c/strong\u003e: update to apply to field's descriptor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e: true on success and false if no field is found to be modified\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.remove_field\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemaremove_field\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.remove_field\" href=\"#schemaremove_field\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.remove_field(name)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eremove_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRemove field resource by name.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe schema descriptor will be validated after field descriptor removal.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ename (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: schema field name\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: raises any error that occurs during the process\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eField/None\u003c/code\u003e: removed \u003ccode\u003eField\u003c/code\u003e instances or \u003ccode\u003eNone\u003c/code\u003e if not found\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.cast_row\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemacast_row\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.cast_row\" href=\"#schemacast_row\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.cast_row(row, fail_fast=False, row_number=None, exc_handler=None)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecast_row\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efail_fast\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erow_number\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexc_handler\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCast row based on field types and formats.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erow (any[]\u003c/strong\u003e: data row as an array of values\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eany[]\u003c/code\u003e: returns cast data row\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.infer\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemainfer\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.infer\" href=\"#schemainfer\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.infer(rows,\n headers=1,\n confidence=0.75,\n guesser_cls=None,\n resolver_cls=None)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003einfer\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erows\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eheaders\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econfidence\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0.75\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eguesser_cls\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eresolver_cls\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eInfer and set \u003ccode\u003eschema.descriptor\u003c/code\u003e based on data sample.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erows (list[])\u003c/strong\u003e: array of arrays representing rows.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eheaders (int/str[])\u003c/strong\u003e: data sample headers (one of):\n- row number containing headers (\u003ccode\u003erows\u003c/code\u003e should contain headers rows)\n- array of headers (\u003ccode\u003erows\u003c/code\u003e should NOT contain headers rows)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econfidence (float)\u003c/strong\u003e: how many casting errors are allowed (as a ratio, between 0 and 1)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eguesser_cls (class)\u003c/strong\u003e: you can implement inferring strategies by\nproviding type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eresolver_cls (class)\u003c/strong\u003e: you can implement inferring strategies by\nproviding type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edict\u003c/code\u003e: Table Schema descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.commit\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemacommit\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.commit\" href=\"#schemacommit\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.commit(strict=None)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecommit\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estrict\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUpdate schema instance if there are in-place changes in the descriptor.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExample\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"from tableschema import Schema\ndescriptor = {'fields': [{'name': 'my_field', 'title': 'My Field', 'type': 'string'}]}\nschema = Schema(descriptor)\nprint(schema.get_field('my_field').descriptor['type']) # string\n\n# Update descriptor by field position\nschema.descriptor['fields'][0]['type'] = 'number'\n# Update descriptor by field name\nschema.update_field('my_field', {'title': 'My Pretty Field'}) # True\n\n# Change are not committed\nprint(schema.get_field('my_field').descriptor['type']) # string\nprint(schema.get_field('my_field').descriptor['title']) # My Field\n\n# Commit change\nschema.commit()\nprint(schema.get_field('my_field').descriptor['type']) # number\nprint(schema.get_field('my_field').descriptor['title']) # My Pretty Field\n\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etableschema\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eSchema\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e {\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'fields'\u003c/span\u003e: [{\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'name'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'my_field'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'title'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'My Field'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'type'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'string'\u003c/span\u003e}]}\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eSchema\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eget_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'my_field'\u003c/span\u003e).\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'type'\u003c/span\u003e]) \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# string\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Update descriptor by field position\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'fields'\u003c/span\u003e][\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e][\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'type'\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'number'\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Update descriptor by field name\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eupdate_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'my_field'\u003c/span\u003e, {\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'title'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'My Pretty Field'\u003c/span\u003e}) \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# True\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Change are not committed\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eget_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'my_field'\u003c/span\u003e).\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'type'\u003c/span\u003e]) \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# string\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eget_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'my_field'\u003c/span\u003e).\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'title'\u003c/span\u003e]) \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# My Field\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# Commit change\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecommit\u003c/span\u003e()\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eget_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'my_field'\u003c/span\u003e).\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'type'\u003c/span\u003e]) \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# number\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eget_field\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'my_field'\u003c/span\u003e).\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'title'\u003c/span\u003e]) \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# My Pretty Field\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003estrict (bool)\u003c/strong\u003e: alter \u003ccode\u003estrict\u003c/code\u003e mode for further work\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: raises any error that occurs during the process\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e: true on success and false if not modified\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eschema.save\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-schemasave\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: schema.save\" href=\"#schemasave\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"schema.save(target, ensure_ascii=True)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003esave\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etarget\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eensure_ascii\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eTrue\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSave schema descriptor to target destination.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etarget (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: path where to save a descriptor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: raises any error that occurs during the process\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e: true on success\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eField\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-field\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Field\" href=\"#field\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Field(self, descriptor, missing_values=[''], schema=None)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eField\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emissing_values\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e''\u003c/span\u003e], \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eschema\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eField representaion\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edescriptor (dict)\u003c/strong\u003e: schema field descriptor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emissingValues (str[])\u003c/strong\u003e: an array with string representing missing values\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: raises any error that occurs during the process\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efield.constraints\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fieldconstraints\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: field.constraints\" href=\"#fieldconstraints\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eField constraints\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edict\u003c/code\u003e: dict of field constraints\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efield.descriptor\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fielddescriptor\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: field.descriptor\" href=\"#fielddescriptor\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFields's descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edict\u003c/code\u003e: descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efield.format\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fieldformat\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: field.format\" href=\"#fieldformat\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eField format\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr\u003c/code\u003e: field format\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efield.missing_values\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fieldmissing_values\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: field.missing_values\" href=\"#fieldmissing_values\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eField's missing values\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr[]\u003c/code\u003e: missing values\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efield.name\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fieldname\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: field.name\" href=\"#fieldname\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eField name\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr\u003c/code\u003e: field name\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efield.required\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fieldrequired\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: field.required\" href=\"#fieldrequired\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhether field is required\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e: true if required\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efield.schema\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fieldschema\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: field.schema\" href=\"#fieldschema\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eReturns a schema instance if the field belongs to some schema\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eSchema\u003c/code\u003e: field's schema\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efield.type\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fieldtype\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: field.type\" href=\"#fieldtype\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eField type\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr\u003c/code\u003e: field type\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efield.cast_value\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fieldcast_value\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: field.cast_value\" href=\"#fieldcast_value\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"field.cast_value(value, constraints=True)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efield\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecast_value\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econstraints\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eTrue\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCast given value according to the field type and format.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evalue (any)\u003c/strong\u003e: value to cast against field\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econstraints (boll/str[])\u003c/strong\u003e: gets constraints configuration\n- it could be set to true to disable constraint checks\n- it could be an Array of constraints to check e.g. ['minimum', 'maximum']\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: raises any error that occurs during the process\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eany\u003c/code\u003e: returns cast value\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003efield.test_value\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fieldtest_value\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: field.test_value\" href=\"#fieldtest_value\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"field.test_value(value, constraints=True)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efield\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003etest_value\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econstraints\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eTrue\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTest whether value is compliant to the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evalue (any)\u003c/strong\u003e: value to cast against field\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econstraints (bool/str[])\u003c/strong\u003e: constraints configuration\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e: returns if value is compliant to the field\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eStorage\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-storage\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Storage\" href=\"#storage\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"Storage(self, **options)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eStorage\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e**\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eStorage factory/interface\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor users\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUse \u003ccode\u003eStorage.connect\u003c/code\u003e to instantiate a storage\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFor instantiation of concrete storage instances,\n\u003ccode\u003etableschema.Storage\u003c/code\u003e provides a unified factory method \u003ccode\u003econnect\u003c/code\u003e\n(which uses the plugin system under the hood):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"# pip install tableschema_sql\nfrom tableschema import Storage\n\nstorage = Storage.connect('sql', **options)\nstorage.create('bucket', descriptor)\nstorage.write('bucket', rows)\nstorage.read('bucket')\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# pip install tableschema_sql\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etableschema\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eStorage\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eStorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003econnect\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'sql'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e**\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecreate\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'bucket'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ewrite\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'bucket'\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erows\u003c/span\u003e)\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eread\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'bucket'\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor integrators\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe library includes interface declaration to implement tabular \u003ccode\u003eStorage\u003c/code\u003e.\nThis interface allow to use different data storage systems like SQL\nwith \u003ccode\u003etableschema.Table\u003c/code\u003e class (load/save) as well as on the data package level:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\" href=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py/master/data/storage.png\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py/master/data/storage.png\" alt=\"Storage\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn implementor must follow \u003ccode\u003etableschema.Storage\u003c/code\u003e interface\nto write his own storage backend. Concrete storage backends\ncould include additional functionality specific to conrete storage system.\nSee \u003ccode\u003eplugins\u003c/code\u003e below to know how to integrate custom storage plugin into your workflow.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estorage.buckets\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-storagebuckets\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: storage.buckets\" href=\"#storagebuckets\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eReturn list of storage bucket names.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eA \u003ccode\u003ebucket\u003c/code\u003e is a special term which has almost the same meaning as \u003ccode\u003etable\u003c/code\u003e.\nYou should consider \u003ccode\u003ebucket\u003c/code\u003e as a \u003ccode\u003etable\u003c/code\u003e stored in the \u003ccode\u003estorage\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eexceptions.StorageError\u003c/code\u003e: raises on any error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estr[]\u003c/code\u003e: return list of bucket names\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estorage.connect\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-storageconnect\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: storage.connect\" href=\"#storageconnect\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"storage.connect(name, **options)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003econnect\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e**\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCreate tabular \u003ccode\u003estorage\u003c/code\u003e based on storage name.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis method is statis: \u003ccode\u003eStorage.connect()\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ename (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: storage name like \u003ccode\u003esql\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eoptions (dict)\u003c/strong\u003e: concrete storage options\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eStorageError\u003c/code\u003e: raises on any error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eStorage\u003c/code\u003e: returns \u003ccode\u003eStorage\u003c/code\u003e instance\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estorage.create\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-storagecreate\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: storage.create\" href=\"#storagecreate\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"storage.create(bucket, descriptor, force=False)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecreate\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebucket\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eforce\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCreate one/multiple buckets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebucket (str/list)\u003c/strong\u003e: bucket name or list of bucket names\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edescriptor (dict/dict[])\u003c/strong\u003e: schema descriptor or list of descriptors\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eforce (bool)\u003c/strong\u003e: whether to delete and re-create already existing buckets\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eexceptions.StorageError\u003c/code\u003e: raises on any error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estorage.delete\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-storagedelete\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: storage.delete\" href=\"#storagedelete\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"storage.delete(bucket=None, ignore=False)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edelete\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebucket\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eignore\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eFalse\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDelete one/multiple/all buckets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebucket (str/list/None)\u003c/strong\u003e: bucket name or list of bucket names to delete.\nIf \u003ccode\u003eNone\u003c/code\u003e, all buckets will be deleted\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edescriptor (dict/dict[])\u003c/strong\u003e: schema descriptor or list of descriptors\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eignore (bool)\u003c/strong\u003e: don't raise an error on non-existent bucket deletion\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eexceptions.StorageError\u003c/code\u003e: raises on any error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estorage.describe\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-storagedescribe\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: storage.describe\" href=\"#storagedescribe\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"storage.describe(bucket, descriptor=None)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edescribe\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebucket\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGet/set bucket's Table Schema descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebucket (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: bucket name\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edescriptor (dict/None)\u003c/strong\u003e: schema descriptor to set\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eexceptions.StorageError\u003c/code\u003e: raises on any error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edict\u003c/code\u003e: returns Table Schema descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estorage.iter\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-storageiter\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: storage.iter\" href=\"#storageiter\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"storage.iter(bucket)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eiter\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebucket\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eReturn an iterator of typed values based on the schema of this bucket.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebucket (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: bucket name\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eexceptions.StorageError\u003c/code\u003e: raises on any error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elist[]\u003c/code\u003e: yields data rows\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estorage.read\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-storageread\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: storage.read\" href=\"#storageread\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"storage.read(bucket)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eread\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebucket\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRead typed values based on the schema of this bucket.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebucket (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: bucket name\n\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eexceptions.StorageError\u003c/code\u003e: raises on any error\n\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003elist[]\u003c/code\u003e: returns data rows\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003estorage.write\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-storagewrite\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: storage.write\" href=\"#storagewrite\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"storage.write(bucket, rows)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003estorage\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ewrite\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ebucket\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003erows\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis method writes data rows into \u003ccode\u003estorage\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt should store values of unsupported types as strings internally (like csv does).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ebucket (str)\u003c/strong\u003e: bucket name\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erows (list[])\u003c/strong\u003e: data rows to write\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eexceptions.StorageError\u003c/code\u003e: raises on any error\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003evalidate\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-validate\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: validate\" href=\"#validate\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"validate(descriptor)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003evalidate\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003edescriptor\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eValidate descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edict\u003c/strong\u003e: descriptor\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eValidationError\u003c/code\u003e: on validation errors\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e: True\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003einfer\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-infer\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: infer\" href=\"#infer\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"infer(source,\n headers=1,\n limit=100,\n confidence=0.75,\n missing_values=[''],\n guesser_cls=None,\n resolver_cls=None,\n **options)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003einfer\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003esource\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eheaders\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003elimit\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003econfidence\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0.75\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emissing_values\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e''\u003c/span\u003e],\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eguesser_cls\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eresolver_cls\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eNone\u003c/span\u003e,\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e**\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eoptions\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eInfer source schema.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esource (any)\u003c/strong\u003e: source as path, url or inline data\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eheaders (int/str[])\u003c/strong\u003e: headers rows number or headers list\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003econfidence (float)\u003c/strong\u003e: how many casting errors are allowed (as a ratio, between 0 and 1)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emissing_values (str[])\u003c/strong\u003e: list of missing values (by default \u003ccode\u003e['']\u003c/code\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eguesser_cls (class)\u003c/strong\u003e: you can implement inferring strategies by\nproviding type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eresolver_cls (class)\u003c/strong\u003e: you can implement inferring strategies by\nproviding type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRaises\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e: raises any error that occurs during the process\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edict\u003c/code\u003e: returns schema descriptor\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eFailedCast\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-failedcast\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: FailedCast\" href=\"#failedcast\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"FailedCast(self, value)\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eFailedCast\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWrap an original data field value that failed to be properly casted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFailedCast allows for further processing/yielding values but still be able\nto distinguish uncasted values on the consuming side.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eDelegates attribute access and the basic rich comparison methods to the\nunderlying object. Supports default user-defined classes hashability i.e.\nis hashable based on object identity (not based on the wrapped value).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArguments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evalue (any)\u003c/strong\u003e: value\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eDataPackageException\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-datapackageexception\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: DataPackageException\" href=\"#datapackageexception\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"DataPackageException(self, message, errors=[])\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eDataPackageException\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[])\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBase class for all DataPackage/TableSchema exceptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf there are multiple errors, they can be read from the exception object:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"try:\n # lib action\nexcept DataPackageException as exception:\n if exception.multiple:\n for error in exception.errors:\n # handle error\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003etry\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# lib action\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eexcept\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eDataPackageException\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eas\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexception\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexception\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003emultiple\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerror\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ein\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eexception\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e:\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e# handle error\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edatapackageexception.errors\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-datapackageexceptionerrors\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: datapackageexception.errors\" href=\"#datapackageexceptionerrors\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eList of nested errors\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eDataPackageException[]\u003c/code\u003e: list of nested errors\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003edatapackageexception.multiple\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-datapackageexceptionmultiple\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: datapackageexception.multiple\" href=\"#datapackageexceptionmultiple\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhether it's a nested exception\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReturns\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e: whether it's a nested exception\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tableschemaexception\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: TableSchemaException\" href=\"#tableschemaexception\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"TableSchemaException(self, message, errors=[])\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eTableSchemaException\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[])\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBase class for all TableSchema exceptions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eLoadError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-loaderror\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: LoadError\" href=\"#loaderror\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"LoadError(self, message, errors=[])\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eLoadError\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[])\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll loading errors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eValidationError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-validationerror\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: ValidationError\" href=\"#validationerror\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"ValidationError(self, message, errors=[])\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eValidationError\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[])\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll validation errors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eCastError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-casterror\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: CastError\" href=\"#casterror\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"CastError(self, message, errors=[])\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eCastError\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[])\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll value cast errors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eIntegrityError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-integrityerror\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: IntegrityError\" href=\"#integrityerror\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"IntegrityError(self, message, errors=[])\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eIntegrityError\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[])\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll integrity errors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eUniqueKeyError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-uniquekeyerror\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: UniqueKeyError\" href=\"#uniquekeyerror\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"UniqueKeyError(self, message, errors=[])\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eUniqueKeyError\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[])\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnique key constraint violation (CastError subclass)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eRelationError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-relationerror\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: RelationError\" href=\"#relationerror\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"RelationError(self, message, errors=[])\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eRelationError\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[])\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll relations errors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eUnresolvedFKError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-unresolvedfkerror\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: UnresolvedFKError\" href=\"#unresolvedfkerror\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"UnresolvedFKError(self, message, errors=[])\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eUnresolvedFKError\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[])\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eUnresolved foreign key reference error (RelationError subclass).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eStorageError\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-storageerror\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: StorageError\" href=\"#storageerror\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"StorageError(self, message, errors=[])\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eStorageError\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003eerrors\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[])\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll storage errors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eExperimental\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-experimental\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Experimental\" href=\"#experimental\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis API is experimental and can be changed/removed in the future\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThere is an experimental environment variable \u003ccode\u003eTABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES\u003c/code\u003e which, if it is set, affects how data casting works.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBy default, missing values are resolved to \u003ccode\u003eNone\u003c/code\u003e values. When this flag is set, missing values are passed through as it is. For example:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003emissing_values.py\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"from tableschema import Field\n\nfield = Field({'type': 'number'}, missing_values=['-'])\nprint(field.cast_value('3'))\nprint(field.cast_value('-'))\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003etableschema\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimport\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eField\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efield\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eField\u003c/span\u003e({\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'type'\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'number'\u003c/span\u003e}, \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emissing_values\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'-'\u003c/span\u003e])\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efield\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecast_value\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'3'\u003c/span\u003e))\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprint\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003efield\u003c/span\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecast_value\u003c/span\u003e(\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e'-'\u003c/span\u003e))\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRunning this script in different modes:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ python missing_values.py\n3\nNone\n$ TABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES=1 python missing_values.py\n3\n-\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ python missing_values.py\n3\nNone\n$ TABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES=1 python missing_values.py\n3\n-\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe flags affects all the library's APIs and software built on top of \u003ccode\u003etableschema\u003c/code\u003e. For example, Data Package Pipelines:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ TABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES=1 dpp run ./my_pipeline\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ TABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES=1 dpp run ./my_pipeline\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContributing\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contributing\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contributing\" href=\"#contributing\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe project follows the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/okfn/coding-standards\"\u003eOpen Knowledge International coding standards\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eRecommended way to get started is to create and activate a project virtual environment.\nTo install package and development dependencies into active environment:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ make install\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ make install\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo run tests with linting and coverage:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"$ make test\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e$ make \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003etest\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eChangelog\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-changelog\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Changelog\" href=\"#changelog\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eHere described only breaking and the most important changes. The full changelog and documentation for all released versions can be found in the nicely formatted \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py/commits/master\"\u003ecommit history\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.20\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v120\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.20\" href=\"#v120\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdded --json flag to the CLI (#287)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.19\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v119\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.19\" href=\"#v119\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeduplicate field names if guessing in infer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.18\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v118\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.18\" href=\"#v118\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePublish \u003ccode\u003efield.ERROR/cast_function/check_functions\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.17\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v117\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.17\" href=\"#v117\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdded \u003ccode\u003eschema.missing_values\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003efield.missing_values\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.16\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v116\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.16\" href=\"#v116\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFixed the way we parse \u003ccode\u003egeopoint\u003c/code\u003e:\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eas a string it can be in 3 forms (\"default\", \"array\", \"object\") BUT\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eas native object it can only be a list/tuple\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.15\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v115\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.15\" href=\"#v115\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdded an experimental \u003ccode\u003eTABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES\u003c/code\u003e environment variable flag\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.14\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v114\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.14\" href=\"#v114\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow providing custom guesser and resolver to \u003ccode\u003etable.infer\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003einfer\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.13\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v113\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.13\" href=\"#v113\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdded \u003ccode\u003emissing_values\u003c/code\u003e argument to the \u003ccode\u003einfer\u003c/code\u003e function (#269)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.12\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v112\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.12\" href=\"#v112\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupport optional custom exception handling for table.iter/read (#259)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.11\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v111\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.11\" href=\"#v111\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdded \u003ccode\u003epreserve_missing_values\u003c/code\u003e parameter to \u003ccode\u003efield.cast_value\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.10\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v110\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.10\" href=\"#v110\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdded an ability to check table's integrity while reading\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.9\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v19\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.9\" href=\"#v19\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImplemented the \u003ccode\u003etable.size\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003etable.hash\u003c/code\u003e properties\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.8\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v18\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.8\" href=\"#v18\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdded \u003ccode\u003etable.index_foreign_keys_values\u003c/code\u003e and improved foreign key checks performance\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.7\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v17\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.7\" href=\"#v17\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdded \u003ccode\u003efield.schema\u003c/code\u003e property\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.6\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v16\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.6\" href=\"#v16\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn \u003ccode\u003estrict\u003c/code\u003e mode raise an exception if there are problems in field construction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.5\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v15\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.5\" href=\"#v15\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllow providing custom guesser and resolver to schema infer\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.4\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v14\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.4\" href=\"#v14\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdded \u003ccode\u003eschema.update_field\u003c/code\u003e method\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.3\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v13\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.3\" href=\"#v13\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupport datetime with no time for date casting\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.2\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v12\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.2\" href=\"#v12\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupport floats like 1.0 for integer casting\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.1\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v11\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.1\" href=\"#v11\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdded the \u003ccode\u003econfidence\u003c/code\u003e parameter to \u003ccode\u003einfer\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ev1.0\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-v10\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: v1.0\" href=\"#v10\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" 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0 2Zm1-6a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0ZM2 4a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2Z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="Box-sc-g0xbh4-0 QkQOb js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned undefined" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">tableschema-py</h1><a id="user-content-tableschema-py" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: tableschema-py" href="#tableschema-py"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py/actions"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/cf730b4a7760cd3753d906dfdeb361f4ab428921b5c9b6d1132020b41fa840ad/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f776f726b666c6f772f7374617475732f6672696374696f6e6c657373646174612f7461626c65736368656d612d70792f67656e6572616c2f6d61696e" alt="Build" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py/general/main" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://coveralls.io/r/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py?branch=master" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/35e44d34af2b8437b63588d1d019d34e9af7177f3b798a99c43e8767052fa9ba/687474703a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f636f766572616c6c732f6672696374696f6e6c657373646174612f7461626c65736368656d612d70792e7376673f6272616e63683d6d6173746572" alt="Coverage" data-canonical-src="http://img.shields.io/coveralls/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py.svg?branch=master" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/tableschema" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/317c3afed0988c610af068b7f80303f54132250a73b9382e3a66a589bf948d45/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f707970692f762f7461626c65736368656d612e737667" alt="Release" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/tableschema.svg" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://github.com/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/d1b88f44c8aa09a0ed612d64bcb98834c81ee2a2c84427a11d5be2405a9e68e7/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f636f6465626173652d6769746875622d627269676874677265656e" alt="Codebase" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/codebase-github-brightgreen" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://discord.com/channels/695635777199145130/695635777199145133" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/e414b2e6bf9a01906c6ddee2497f9ee8f7555ab6a24a05a16699b5dd7699945c/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f737570706f72742d646973636f72642d627269676874677265656e" alt="Support" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/support-discord-brightgreen" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">A Python implementation of the <a href="http://specs.frictionlessdata.io/table-schema/" rel="nofollow">Table Schema</a> standard.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>[Important Notice]</strong> We have released <a href="https://github.com/frictionlessdata/framework">Frictionless Framework</a>. This framework provides improved <code>tableschema</code> functionality extended to be a complete data solution. The change in not breaking for the existing software so no actions are required. Please read the <a href="https://framework.frictionlessdata.io/docs/codebase/migration.html" rel="nofollow">Migration Guide</a> from <code>tableschema</code> to Frictionless Framework.</p> </blockquote> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Features</h2><a id="user-content-features" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Features" href="#features"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>Table</code> to work with data tables described by Table Schema</li> <li><code>Schema</code> representing Table Schema</li> <li><code>Field</code> representing Table Schema field</li> <li><code>validate</code> to validate Table Schema</li> <li><code>infer</code> to infer Table Schema from data</li> <li>built-in command-line interface to validate and infer schemas</li> <li>storage/plugins system to connect tables to different storage backends like SQL Database</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contents</h2><a id="user-content-contents" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contents" href="#contents"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#getting-started">Getting Started</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#documentation">Documentation</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="#working-with-table">Working with Table</a></li> <li><a href="#working-with-schema">Working with Schema</a></li> <li><a href="#working-with-field">Working with Field</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#api-reference">API Reference</a> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="#cli"><code>cli</code></a></li> <li><a href="#table"><code>Table</code></a></li> <li><a href="#schema"><code>Schema</code></a></li> <li><a href="#field"><code>Field</code></a></li> <li><a href="#storage"><code>Storage</code></a></li> <li><a href="#validate"><code>validate</code></a></li> <li><a href="#infer"><code>infer</code></a></li> <li><a href="#failedcast"><code>FailedCast</code></a></li> <li><a href="#datapackageexception"><code>DataPackageException</code></a></li> <li><a href="#tableschemaexception"><code>TableSchemaException</code></a></li> <li><a href="#loaderror"><code>LoadError</code></a></li> <li><a href="#validationerror"><code>ValidationError</code></a></li> <li><a href="#casterror"><code>CastError</code></a></li> <li><a href="#integrityerror"><code>IntegrityError</code></a></li> <li><a href="#uniquekeyerror"><code>UniqueKeyError</code></a></li> <li><a href="#relationerror"><code>RelationError</code></a></li> <li><a href="#unresolvedfkerror"><code>UnresolvedFKError</code></a></li> <li><a href="#storageerror"><code>StorageError</code></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#experimental">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="#contributing">Contributing</a></li> <li><a href="#changelog">Changelog</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Getting Started</h2><a id="user-content-getting-started" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Getting Started" href="#getting-started"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Installation</h3><a id="user-content-installation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Installation" href="#installation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The package uses semantic versioning. It means that major versions could include breaking changes. It's highly recommended to specify <code>tableschema</code> version range in your <code>setup/requirements</code> file e.g. <code>tableschema>=1.0,<2.0</code>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ pip install tableschema"><pre>$ pip install tableschema</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Documentation</h2><a id="user-content-documentation" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Documentation" href="#documentation"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Introduction</h3><a id="user-content-introduction" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Introduction" href="#introduction"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Let's start with a simple example:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="from tableschema import Table # Create table table = Table('path.csv', schema='schema.json') # Print schema descriptor print(table.schema.descriptor) # Print cast rows in a dict form for keyed_row in table.iter(keyed=True): print(keyed_row)"><pre><span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s1">tableschema</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-v">Table</span> <span class="pl-c"># Create table</span> <span class="pl-s1">table</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">Table</span>(<span class="pl-s">'path.csv'</span>, <span class="pl-s1">schema</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-s">'schema.json'</span>) <span class="pl-c"># Print schema descriptor</span> <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span>) <span class="pl-c"># Print cast rows in a dict form</span> <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">keyed_row</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">iter</span>(<span class="pl-s1">keyed</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">True</span>): <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">keyed_row</span>)</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Working with Table</h3><a id="user-content-working-with-table" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Working with Table" href="#working-with-table"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A table is a core concept in a tabular data world. It represents data with metadata (Table Schema). Let's see how we can use it in practice.</p> <p dir="auto">Consider we have some local csv file. It could be inline data or from a remote link - all supported by the <code>Table</code> class (except local files for in-brower usage of course). But say it's <code>data.csv</code> for now:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="city,location london,"51.50,-0.11" paris,"48.85,2.30" rome,N/A"><pre lang="csv" class="notranslate"><code>city,location london,"51.50,-0.11" paris,"48.85,2.30" rome,N/A </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Let's create and read a table instance. We use the static <code>Table.load</code> method and the <code>table.read</code> method with the <code>keyed</code> option to get an array of keyed rows:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table = Table('data.csv') table.headers # ['city', 'location'] table.read(keyed=True) # [ # {city: 'london', location: '51.50,-0.11'}, # {city: 'paris', location: '48.85,2.30'}, # {city: 'rome', location: 'N/A'}, # ]"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">Table</span>(<span class="pl-s">'data.csv'</span>) <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">headers</span> <span class="pl-c"># ['city', 'location']</span> <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">read</span>(<span class="pl-s1">keyed</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">True</span>) <span class="pl-c"># [</span> <span class="pl-c"># {city: 'london', location: '51.50,-0.11'},</span> <span class="pl-c"># {city: 'paris', location: '48.85,2.30'},</span> <span class="pl-c"># {city: 'rome', location: 'N/A'},</span> <span class="pl-c"># ]</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">As we can see, our locations are just strings. But they should be geopoints. Also, Rome's location is not available, but it's just a string <code>N/A</code> instead of <code>None</code>. First we have to infer Table Schema:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table.infer() table.schema.descriptor # { fields: # [ { name: 'city', type: 'string', format: 'default' }, # { name: 'location', type: 'geopoint', format: 'default' } ], # missingValues: [ '' ] } table.read(keyed=True) # Fails with a data validation error"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">infer</span>() <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span> <span class="pl-c"># { fields:</span> <span class="pl-c"># [ { name: 'city', type: 'string', format: 'default' },</span> <span class="pl-c"># { name: 'location', type: 'geopoint', format: 'default' } ],</span> <span class="pl-c"># missingValues: [ '' ] }</span> <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">read</span>(<span class="pl-s1">keyed</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">True</span>) <span class="pl-c"># Fails with a data validation error</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Let's fix the "not available" location. There is a <code>missingValues</code> property in Table Schema specification. As a first try we set <code>missingValues</code> to <code>N/A</code> in <code>table.schema.descriptor</code>. The schema descriptor can be changed in-place, but all changes should also be committed using <code>table.schema.commit()</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table.schema.descriptor['missingValues'] = 'N/A' table.schema.commit() table.schema.valid # false table.schema.errors # [<ValidationError: "'N/A' is not of type 'array'">]"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span>[<span class="pl-s">'missingValues'</span>] <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">'N/A'</span> <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">commit</span>() <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">valid</span> <span class="pl-c"># false</span> <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">errors</span> <span class="pl-c"># [<ValidationError: "'N/A' is not of type 'array'">]</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">As a good citizens we've decided to check our schema descriptor's validity. And it's not valid! We should use an array for the <code>missingValues</code> property. Also, don't forget to include "empty string" as a valid missing value:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table.schema.descriptor['missingValues'] = ['', 'N/A'] table.schema.commit() table.schema.valid # true"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span>[<span class="pl-s">'missingValues'</span>] <span class="pl-c1">=</span> [<span class="pl-s">''</span>, <span class="pl-s">'N/A'</span>] <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">commit</span>() <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">valid</span> <span class="pl-c"># true</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">All good. It looks like we're ready to read our data again:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table.read(keyed=True) # [ # {city: 'london', location: [51.50,-0.11]}, # {city: 'paris', location: [48.85,2.30]}, # {city: 'rome', location: null}, # ]"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">read</span>(<span class="pl-s1">keyed</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">True</span>) <span class="pl-c"># [</span> <span class="pl-c"># {city: 'london', location: [51.50,-0.11]},</span> <span class="pl-c"># {city: 'paris', location: [48.85,2.30]},</span> <span class="pl-c"># {city: 'rome', location: null},</span> <span class="pl-c"># ]</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Now we see that:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>locations are arrays with numeric latitude and longitude</li> <li>Rome's location is a native Python <code>None</code></li> </ul> <p dir="auto">And because there are no errors after reading, we can be sure that our data is valid against our schema. Let's save it:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table.schema.save('schema.json') table.save('data.csv')"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">save</span>(<span class="pl-s">'schema.json'</span>) <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">save</span>(<span class="pl-s">'data.csv'</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Our <code>data.csv</code> looks the same because it has been stringified back to <code>csv</code> format. But now we have <code>schema.json</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-json notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="{ "fields": [ { "name": "city", "type": "string", "format": "default" }, { "name": "location", "type": "geopoint", "format": "default" } ], "missingValues": [ "", "N/A" ] } "><pre>{ <span class="pl-ent">"fields"</span>: [ { <span class="pl-ent">"name"</span>: <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>city<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-ent">"type"</span>: <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>string<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-ent">"format"</span>: <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>default<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> }, { <span class="pl-ent">"name"</span>: <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>location<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-ent">"type"</span>: <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>geopoint<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-ent">"format"</span>: <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>default<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> } ], <span class="pl-ent">"missingValues"</span>: [ <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span><span class="pl-pds">"</span></span>, <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>N/A<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span> ] } </pre></div> <p dir="auto">If we decide to improve it even more we could update the schema file and then open it again. But now providing a schema path:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table = Table('data.csv', schema='schema.json') # Continue the work"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">Table</span>(<span class="pl-s">'data.csv'</span>, <span class="pl-s1">schema</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-s">'schema.json'</span>) <span class="pl-c"># Continue the work</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">As already mentioned a given schema can be used to <em>validate</em> data (see the <a href="#schema">Schema</a> section for schema specification details). In default mode invalid data rows immediately trigger an <a href="#exceptions">exception</a> in the <code>table.iter()</code>/<code>table.write()</code> methods.</p> <p dir="auto">Suppose this schema-invalid local file <code>invalid_data.csv</code>:</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="key,value zero,0 one,not_an_integer two,2"><pre lang="csv" class="notranslate"><code>key,value zero,0 one,not_an_integer two,2 </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto">We're going to validate the data against the following schema:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table = Table( 'invalid_data.csv', schema={'fields': [{'name': 'key'}, {'name': 'value', 'type': 'integer'}]})"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">Table</span>( <span class="pl-s">'invalid_data.csv'</span>, <span class="pl-s1">schema</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>{<span class="pl-s">'fields'</span>: [{<span class="pl-s">'name'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'key'</span>}, {<span class="pl-s">'name'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'value'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'type'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'integer'</span>}]})</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Iterating over the data triggers an exception due to the failed cast of <code>'not_an_integer'</code> to <code>int</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="for row in table.iter(): print(row) # Traceback (most recent call last): # ... # tableschema.exceptions.CastError: There are 1 cast errors (see exception.errors) for row "3""><pre><span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">row</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">iter</span>(): <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">row</span>) <span class="pl-c"># Traceback (most recent call last):</span> <span class="pl-c"># ...</span> <span class="pl-c"># tableschema.exceptions.CastError: There are 1 cast errors (see exception.errors) for row "3"</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Hint: The row number count starts with 1 and also includes header lines.</p> <p dir="auto">(Note: You can optionally switch off <code>iter()</code>/<code>read()</code> value casting using the cast parameter, see reference below.)</p> <p dir="auto">By providing a custom exception handler (a callable) to those methods you can treat occurring exceptions at your own discretion, i.e. to "fail late" and e.g. gather a validation report on the whole data:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="errors = [] def exc_handler(exc, row_number=None, row_data=None, error_data=None): errors.append((exc, row_number, row_data, error_data)) for row in table.iter(exc_handler=exc_handler): print(row) # ['zero', 0] # ['one', FailedCast('not_an_integer')] # ['two', 2] print(errors) # [(CastError('There are 1 cast errors (see exception.errors) for row "3"',), # 3, # OrderedDict([('key', 'one'), ('value', 'not_an_integer')]), # OrderedDict([('value', 'not_an_integer')]))]"><pre><span class="pl-s1">errors</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> [] <span class="pl-k">def</span> <span class="pl-en">exc_handler</span>(<span class="pl-s1">exc</span>, <span class="pl-s1">row_number</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">row_data</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">error_data</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>): <span class="pl-s1">errors</span>.<span class="pl-c1">append</span>((<span class="pl-s1">exc</span>, <span class="pl-s1">row_number</span>, <span class="pl-s1">row_data</span>, <span class="pl-s1">error_data</span>)) <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">row</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">iter</span>(<span class="pl-s1">exc_handler</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-s1">exc_handler</span>): <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">row</span>) <span class="pl-c"># ['zero', 0]</span> <span class="pl-c"># ['one', FailedCast('not_an_integer')]</span> <span class="pl-c"># ['two', 2]</span> <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">errors</span>) <span class="pl-c"># [(CastError('There are 1 cast errors (see exception.errors) for row "3"',),</span> <span class="pl-c"># 3,</span> <span class="pl-c"># OrderedDict([('key', 'one'), ('value', 'not_an_integer')]),</span> <span class="pl-c"># OrderedDict([('value', 'not_an_integer')]))]</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Note that</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Data rows are yielded even though the data is schema-invalid; this is due to our custom expression handler choosing not to raise exceptions (but rather collect them in the errors list).</li> <li>Data field values that can't get casted properly (if <code>iter()</code>/<code>read()</code> cast parameter is set to True, which is the default) are wrapped into a <code>FailedCast</code> "value holder". This allows for distinguishing uncasted values from successfully casted values on the data consumer side. <code>FailedCast</code> instances can only get yielded when custom exception handling is in place.</li> <li>The custom exception handler callable must support a function signature as specified in the <code>iter()</code>/<code>read()</code> sections of the <code>Table</code> class API reference.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Working with Schema</h3><a id="user-content-working-with-schema" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Working with Schema" href="#working-with-schema"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">A model of a schema with helpful methods for working with the schema and supported data. Schema instances can be initialized with a schema source as a url to a JSON file or a JSON object. The schema is initially validated (see <a href="#validate">validate</a> below). By default validation errors will be stored in <code>schema.errors</code> but in a strict mode it will be instantly raised.</p> <p dir="auto">Let's create a blank schema. It's not valid because <code>descriptor.fields</code> property is required by the <a href="http://specs.frictionlessdata.io/table-schema/" rel="nofollow">Table Schema</a> specification:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema = Schema() schema.valid # false schema.errors # [<ValidationError: "'fields' is a required property">]"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">Schema</span>() <span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">valid</span> <span class="pl-c"># false</span> <span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">errors</span> <span class="pl-c"># [<ValidationError: "'fields' is a required property">]</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">To avoid creating a schema descriptor by hand we will use a <code>schema.infer</code> method to infer the descriptor from given data:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.infer([ ['id', 'age', 'name'], ['1','39','Paul'], ['2','23','Jimmy'], ['3','36','Jane'], ['4','28','Judy'], ]) schema.valid # true schema.descriptor #{ fields: # [ { name: 'id', type: 'integer', format: 'default' }, # { name: 'age', type: 'integer', format: 'default' }, # { name: 'name', type: 'string', format: 'default' } ], # missingValues: [ '' ] }"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">infer</span>([ [<span class="pl-s">'id'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'age'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'name'</span>], [<span class="pl-s">'1'</span>,<span class="pl-s">'39'</span>,<span class="pl-s">'Paul'</span>], [<span class="pl-s">'2'</span>,<span class="pl-s">'23'</span>,<span class="pl-s">'Jimmy'</span>], [<span class="pl-s">'3'</span>,<span class="pl-s">'36'</span>,<span class="pl-s">'Jane'</span>], [<span class="pl-s">'4'</span>,<span class="pl-s">'28'</span>,<span class="pl-s">'Judy'</span>], ]) <span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">valid</span> <span class="pl-c"># true</span> <span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span> <span class="pl-c">#{ fields:</span> <span class="pl-c"># [ { name: 'id', type: 'integer', format: 'default' },</span> <span class="pl-c"># { name: 'age', type: 'integer', format: 'default' },</span> <span class="pl-c"># { name: 'name', type: 'string', format: 'default' } ],</span> <span class="pl-c"># missingValues: [ '' ] }</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Now we have an inferred schema and it's valid. We can cast data rows against our schema. We provide a string input which will be cast correspondingly:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.cast_row(['5', '66', 'Sam']) # [ 5, 66, 'Sam' ]"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">cast_row</span>([<span class="pl-s">'5'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'66'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'Sam'</span>]) <span class="pl-c"># [ 5, 66, 'Sam' ]</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">But if we try provide some missing value to the <code>age</code> field, the cast will fail because the only valid "missing" value is an empty string. Let's update our schema:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.cast_row(['6', 'N/A', 'Walt']) # Cast error schema.descriptor['missingValues'] = ['', 'N/A'] schema.commit() schema.cast_row(['6', 'N/A', 'Walt']) # [ 6, None, 'Walt' ]"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">cast_row</span>([<span class="pl-s">'6'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'N/A'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'Walt'</span>]) <span class="pl-c"># Cast error</span> <span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span>[<span class="pl-s">'missingValues'</span>] <span class="pl-c1">=</span> [<span class="pl-s">''</span>, <span class="pl-s">'N/A'</span>] <span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">commit</span>() <span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">cast_row</span>([<span class="pl-s">'6'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'N/A'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'Walt'</span>]) <span class="pl-c"># [ 6, None, 'Walt' ]</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">We can save the schema to a local file, and resume work on it at any time by loading it from that file:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.save('schema.json') schema = Schema('schema.json')"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">save</span>(<span class="pl-s">'schema.json'</span>) <span class="pl-s1">schema</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">Schema</span>(<span class="pl-s">'schema.json'</span>)</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Working with Field</h3><a id="user-content-working-with-field" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Working with Field" href="#working-with-field"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="from tableschema import Field # Init field field = Field({'name': 'name', 'type': 'number'}) # Cast a value field.cast_value('12345') # -> 12345"><pre><span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s1">tableschema</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-v">Field</span> <span class="pl-c"># Init field</span> <span class="pl-s1">field</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">Field</span>({<span class="pl-s">'name'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'name'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'type'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'number'</span>}) <span class="pl-c"># Cast a value</span> <span class="pl-s1">field</span>.<span class="pl-c1">cast_value</span>(<span class="pl-s">'12345'</span>) <span class="pl-c"># -> 12345</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Data values can be cast to native Python objects with a Field instance. Type instances can be initialized with <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/table-schema/" rel="nofollow">field descriptors</a>. This allows formats and constraints to be defined.</p> <p dir="auto">Casting a value will check the value is of the expected type, is in the correct format, and complies with any constraints imposed by a schema. E.g. a date value (in ISO 8601 format) can be cast with a DateType instance. Values that can't be cast will raise an <code>InvalidCastError</code> exception.</p> <p dir="auto">Casting a value that doesn't meet the constraints will raise a <code>ConstraintError</code> exception.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">API Reference</h2><a id="user-content-api-reference" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: API Reference" href="#api-reference"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>cli</code></h3><a id="user-content-cli" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: cli" href="#cli"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="cli()"><pre><span class="pl-en">cli</span>()</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Command-line interface</p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Usage: tableschema [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]... Options: --help Show this message and exit. Commands: infer Infer a schema from data. info Return info on this version of Table Schema validate Validate that a supposed schema is in fact a Table Schema."><pre class="notranslate"><code>Usage: tableschema [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]... Options: --help Show this message and exit. Commands: infer Infer a schema from data. info Return info on this version of Table Schema validate Validate that a supposed schema is in fact a Table Schema. </code></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>Table</code></h3><a id="user-content-table" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Table" href="#table"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Table(self, source, schema=None, strict=False, post_cast=[], storage=None, **options)"><pre><span class="pl-en">Table</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">source</span>, <span class="pl-s1">schema</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">strict</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">post_cast</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[], <span class="pl-s1">storage</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-c1">**</span><span class="pl-s1">options</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Table representation</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>source (str/list[])</strong>: data source one of: <ul dir="auto"> <li>local file (path)</li> <li>remote file (url)</li> <li>array of arrays representing the rows</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>schema (any)</strong>: data schema in all forms supported by <code>Schema</code> class</li> <li><strong>strict (bool)</strong>: strictness option to pass to <code>Schema</code> constructor</li> <li><strong>post_cast (function[])</strong>: list of post cast processors</li> <li><strong>storage (None)</strong>: storage name like <code>sql</code> or <code>bigquery</code></li> <li><strong>options (dict)</strong>: <code>tabulator</code> or storage's options</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: raises on any error</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>table.hash</code></h4><a id="user-content-tablehash" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: table.hash" href="#tablehash"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Table's SHA256 hash if it's available.</p> <p dir="auto">If it's already read using e.g. <code>table.read</code>, otherwise returns <code>None</code>. In the middle of an iteration it returns hash of already read contents</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str/None</code>: SHA256 hash</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>table.headers</code></h4><a id="user-content-tableheaders" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: table.headers" href="#tableheaders"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Table's headers is available</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str[]</code>: headers</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>table.schema</code></h4><a id="user-content-tableschema" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: table.schema" href="#tableschema"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Returns schema class instance if available</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>Schema</code>: schema</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>table.size</code></h4><a id="user-content-tablesize" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: table.size" href="#tablesize"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Table's size in BYTES if it's available</p> <p dir="auto">If it's already read using e.g. <code>table.read</code>, otherwise returns <code>None</code>. In the middle of an iteration it returns size of already read contents</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>int/None</code>: size in BYTES</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>table.iter</code></h4><a id="user-content-tableiter" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: table.iter" href="#tableiter"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table.iter(keyed=False, extended=False, cast=True, integrity=False, relations=False, foreign_keys_values=False, exc_handler=None)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">iter</span>(<span class="pl-s1">keyed</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">extended</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">cast</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">True</span>, <span class="pl-s1">integrity</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">relations</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">foreign_keys_values</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">exc_handler</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Iterates through the table data and emits rows cast based on table schema.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="keyed (bool): yield keyed rows in a form of `{header1: value1, header2: value2}` (default is false; the form of rows is `[value1, value2]`) extended (bool): yield extended rows in a for of `[rowNumber, [header1, header2], [value1, value2]]` (default is false; the form of rows is `[value1, value2]`) cast (bool): disable data casting if false (default is true) integrity (dict): dictionary in a form of `{'size': <bytes>, 'hash': '<sha256>'}` to check integrity of the table when it's read completely. Both keys are optional. relations (dict): dictionary of foreign key references in a form of `{resource1: [{field1: value1, field2: value2}, ...], ...}`. If provided, foreign key fields will checked and resolved to one of their references (/!\ one-to-many fk are not completely resolved). foreign_keys_values (dict): three-level dictionary of foreign key references optimized to speed up validation process in a form of `{resource1: {(fk_field1, fk_field2): {(value1, value2): {one_keyedrow}, ... }}}`. If not provided but relations is true, it will be created before the validation process by *index_foreign_keys_values* method exc_handler (func): optional custom exception handler callable. Can be used to defer raising errors (i.e. "fail late"), e.g. for data validation purposes. Must support the signature below"><pre class="notranslate"><code>keyed (bool): yield keyed rows in a form of `{header1: value1, header2: value2}` (default is false; the form of rows is `[value1, value2]`) extended (bool): yield extended rows in a for of `[rowNumber, [header1, header2], [value1, value2]]` (default is false; the form of rows is `[value1, value2]`) cast (bool): disable data casting if false (default is true) integrity (dict): dictionary in a form of `{'size': <bytes>, 'hash': '<sha256>'}` to check integrity of the table when it's read completely. Both keys are optional. relations (dict): dictionary of foreign key references in a form of `{resource1: [{field1: value1, field2: value2}, ...], ...}`. If provided, foreign key fields will checked and resolved to one of their references (/!\ one-to-many fk are not completely resolved). foreign_keys_values (dict): three-level dictionary of foreign key references optimized to speed up validation process in a form of `{resource1: {(fk_field1, fk_field2): {(value1, value2): {one_keyedrow}, ... }}}`. If not provided but relations is true, it will be created before the validation process by *index_foreign_keys_values* method exc_handler (func): optional custom exception handler callable. Can be used to defer raising errors (i.e. "fail late"), e.g. for data validation purposes. Must support the signature below </code></pre></div> <p dir="auto"><strong>Custom exception handler</strong></p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="def exc_handler(exc, row_number=None, row_data=None, error_data=None): '''Custom exception handler (example) # Arguments: exc(Exception): Deferred exception instance row_number(int): Data row number that triggers exception exc row_data(OrderedDict): Invalid data row source data error_data(OrderedDict): Data row source data field subset responsible for the error, if applicable (e.g. invalid primary or foreign key fields). May be identical to row_data. ''' # ..."><pre><span class="pl-k">def</span> <span class="pl-en">exc_handler</span>(<span class="pl-s1">exc</span>, <span class="pl-s1">row_number</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">row_data</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">error_data</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>): <span class="pl-s">'''Custom exception handler (example)</span> <span class="pl-s"></span> <span class="pl-s"> # Arguments:</span> <span class="pl-s"> exc(Exception):</span> <span class="pl-s"> Deferred exception instance</span> <span class="pl-s"> row_number(int):</span> <span class="pl-s"> Data row number that triggers exception exc</span> <span class="pl-s"> row_data(OrderedDict):</span> <span class="pl-s"> Invalid data row source data</span> <span class="pl-s"> error_data(OrderedDict):</span> <span class="pl-s"> Data row source data field subset responsible for the error, if</span> <span class="pl-s"> applicable (e.g. invalid primary or foreign key fields). May be</span> <span class="pl-s"> identical to row_data.</span> <span class="pl-s"> '''</span> <span class="pl-c"># ...</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: base class of any error</li> <li><code>CastError</code>: data cast error</li> <li><code>IntegrityError</code>: integrity checking error</li> <li><code>UniqueKeyError</code>: unique key constraint violation</li> <li><code>UnresolvedFKError</code>: unresolved foreign key reference error</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>Iterator[list]</code>: yields rows</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>table.read</code></h4><a id="user-content-tableread" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: table.read" href="#tableread"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table.read(keyed=False, extended=False, cast=True, limit=None, integrity=False, relations=False, foreign_keys_values=False, exc_handler=None)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">read</span>(<span class="pl-s1">keyed</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">extended</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">cast</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">True</span>, <span class="pl-s1">limit</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">integrity</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">relations</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">foreign_keys_values</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">exc_handler</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Read the whole table and return as array of rows</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">It has the same API as <code>table.iter</code> except for</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>limit (int)</strong>: limit count of rows to read and return</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>list[]</code>: returns rows</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>table.infer</code></h4><a id="user-content-tableinfer" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: table.infer" href="#tableinfer"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table.infer(limit=100, confidence=0.75, missing_values=[''], guesser_cls=None, resolver_cls=None)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">infer</span>(<span class="pl-s1">limit</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">100</span>, <span class="pl-s1">confidence</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">0.75</span>, <span class="pl-s1">missing_values</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[<span class="pl-s">''</span>], <span class="pl-s1">guesser_cls</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">resolver_cls</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Infer a schema for the table.</p> <p dir="auto">It will infer and set Table Schema to <code>table.schema</code> based on table data.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>limit (int)</strong>: limit rows sample size</li> <li><strong>confidence (float)</strong>: how many casting errors are allowed (as a ratio, between 0 and 1)</li> <li><strong>missing_values (str[])</strong>: list of missing values (by default <code>['']</code>)</li> <li><strong>guesser_cls (class)</strong>: you can implement inferring strategies by providing type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]</li> <li><strong>resolver_cls (class)</strong>: you can implement inferring strategies by providing type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>dict</code>: Table Schema descriptor</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>table.save</code></h4><a id="user-content-tablesave" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: table.save" href="#tablesave"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table.save(target, storage=None, **options)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">save</span>(<span class="pl-s1">target</span>, <span class="pl-s1">storage</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-c1">**</span><span class="pl-s1">options</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Save data source to file locally in CSV format with <code>,</code> (comma) delimiter</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">To save schema use <code>table.schema.save()</code></p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>target (str)</strong>: saving target (e.g. file path)</li> <li><strong>storage (None/str)</strong>: storage name like <code>sql</code> or <code>bigquery</code></li> <li><strong>options (dict)</strong>: <code>tabulator</code> or storage options</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: raises an error if there is saving problem</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>True/Storage</code>: returns true or storage instance</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>table.index_foreign_keys_values</code></h4><a id="user-content-tableindex_foreign_keys_values" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: table.index_foreign_keys_values" href="#tableindex_foreign_keys_values"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="table.index_foreign_keys_values(relations)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">table</span>.<span class="pl-c1">index_foreign_keys_values</span>(<span class="pl-s1">relations</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Creates a three-level dictionary of foreign key references</p> <p dir="auto">We create them optimized to speed up validation process in a form of <code>{resource1: {(fk_field1, fk_field2): {(value1, value2): {one_keyedrow}, ... }}}</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">For each foreign key of the schema it will iterate through the corresponding <code>relations['resource']</code> to create an index (i.e. a dict) of existing values for the foreign fields and store on keyed row for each value combination.</p> <p dir="auto">The optimization relies on the indexation of possible values for one foreign key in a hashmap to later speed up resolution.</p> <p dir="auto">This method is public to allow creating the index once to apply it on multiple tables charing the same schema (typically <a href="https://github.com/frictionlessdata/datapackage-py#group">grouped resources in datapackage</a>)</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Notes</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>the second key of the output is a tuple of the foreign fields, a proxy identifier of the foreign key</li> <li>the same relation resource can be indexed multiple times as a schema can contain more than one Foreign Keys pointing to the same resource</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>relations (dict)</strong>: dict of foreign key references in a form of <code>{resource1: [{field1: value1, field2: value2}, ...], ...}</code>. It must contain all resources pointed in the foreign keys schema definition.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>dict</code>: returns a three-level dictionary of foreign key references optimized to speed up validation process in a form of <code>{resource1: {(fk_field1, fk_field2): {(value1, value2): {one_keyedrow}, ... }}})</code></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>Schema</code></h3><a id="user-content-schema" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Schema" href="#schema"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Schema(self, descriptor={}, strict=False)"><pre><span class="pl-en">Schema</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">descriptor</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>{}, <span class="pl-s1">strict</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Schema representation</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>descriptor (str/dict)</strong>: schema descriptor one of: - local path - remote url - dictionary</li> <li><strong>strict (bool)</strong>: flag to specify validation behaviour: - if false, errors will not be raised but instead collected in <code>schema.errors</code> - if true, validation errors are raised immediately</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: raise any error that occurs during the process</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.descriptor</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemadescriptor" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.descriptor" href="#schemadescriptor"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Schema's descriptor</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>dict</code>: descriptor</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.errors</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemaerrors" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.errors" href="#schemaerrors"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Validation errors</p> <p dir="auto">Always empty in strict mode.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>Exception[]</code>: validation errors</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.field_names</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemafield_names" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.field_names" href="#schemafield_names"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Schema's field names</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str[]</code>: an array of field names</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.fields</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemafields" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.fields" href="#schemafields"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Schema's fields</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>Field[]</code>: an array of field instances</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.foreign_keys</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemaforeign_keys" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.foreign_keys" href="#schemaforeign_keys"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Schema's foreign keys</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>dict[]</code>: foreign keys</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.headers</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemaheaders" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.headers" href="#schemaheaders"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Schema's field names</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str[]</code>: an array of field names</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.missing_values</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemamissing_values" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.missing_values" href="#schemamissing_values"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Schema's missing values</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str[]</code>: missing values</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.primary_key</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemaprimary_key" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.primary_key" href="#schemaprimary_key"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Schema's primary keys</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str[]</code>: primary keys</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.valid</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemavalid" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.valid" href="#schemavalid"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Validation status</p> <p dir="auto">Always true in strict mode.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>bool</code>: validation status</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.get_field</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemaget_field" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.get_field" href="#schemaget_field"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.get_field(name)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">get_field</span>(<span class="pl-s1">name</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Get schema's field by name.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">Use <code>table.update_field</code> if you want to modify the field descriptor</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>name (str)</strong>: schema field name</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>Field/None</code>: <code>Field</code> instance or <code>None</code> if not found</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.get_field</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemaget_field-1" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.get_field" href="#schemaget_field-1"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.get_field(name)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">get_field</span>(<span class="pl-s1">name</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Get schema's field by name.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">Use <code>table.update_field</code> if you want to modify the field descriptor</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>name (str)</strong>: schema field name</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>Field/None</code>: <code>Field</code> instance or <code>None</code> if not found</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.add_field</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemaadd_field" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.add_field" href="#schemaadd_field"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.add_field(descriptor)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">add_field</span>(<span class="pl-s1">descriptor</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Add new field to schema.</p> <p dir="auto">The schema descriptor will be validated with newly added field descriptor.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>descriptor (dict)</strong>: field descriptor</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: raises any error that occurs during the process</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>Field/None</code>: added <code>Field</code> instance or <code>None</code> if not added</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.update_field</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemaupdate_field" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.update_field" href="#schemaupdate_field"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.update_field(name, update)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">update_field</span>(<span class="pl-s1">name</span>, <span class="pl-s1">update</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Update existing descriptor field by name</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>name (str)</strong>: schema field name</li> <li><strong>update (dict)</strong>: update to apply to field's descriptor</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>bool</code>: true on success and false if no field is found to be modified</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.remove_field</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemaremove_field" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.remove_field" href="#schemaremove_field"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.remove_field(name)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">remove_field</span>(<span class="pl-s1">name</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Remove field resource by name.</p> <p dir="auto">The schema descriptor will be validated after field descriptor removal.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>name (str)</strong>: schema field name</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: raises any error that occurs during the process</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>Field/None</code>: removed <code>Field</code> instances or <code>None</code> if not found</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.cast_row</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemacast_row" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.cast_row" href="#schemacast_row"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.cast_row(row, fail_fast=False, row_number=None, exc_handler=None)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">cast_row</span>(<span class="pl-s1">row</span>, <span class="pl-s1">fail_fast</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>, <span class="pl-s1">row_number</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">exc_handler</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Cast row based on field types and formats.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>row (any[]</strong>: data row as an array of values</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>any[]</code>: returns cast data row</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.infer</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemainfer" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.infer" href="#schemainfer"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.infer(rows, headers=1, confidence=0.75, guesser_cls=None, resolver_cls=None)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">infer</span>(<span class="pl-s1">rows</span>, <span class="pl-s1">headers</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">1</span>, <span class="pl-s1">confidence</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">0.75</span>, <span class="pl-s1">guesser_cls</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">resolver_cls</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Infer and set <code>schema.descriptor</code> based on data sample.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>rows (list[])</strong>: array of arrays representing rows.</li> <li><strong>headers (int/str[])</strong>: data sample headers (one of): - row number containing headers (<code>rows</code> should contain headers rows) - array of headers (<code>rows</code> should NOT contain headers rows)</li> <li><strong>confidence (float)</strong>: how many casting errors are allowed (as a ratio, between 0 and 1)</li> <li><strong>guesser_cls (class)</strong>: you can implement inferring strategies by providing type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]</li> <li><strong>resolver_cls (class)</strong>: you can implement inferring strategies by providing type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>dict</code>: Table Schema descriptor</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.commit</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemacommit" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.commit" href="#schemacommit"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.commit(strict=None)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">commit</span>(<span class="pl-s1">strict</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Update schema instance if there are in-place changes in the descriptor.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Example</strong></p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="from tableschema import Schema descriptor = {'fields': [{'name': 'my_field', 'title': 'My Field', 'type': 'string'}]} schema = Schema(descriptor) print(schema.get_field('my_field').descriptor['type']) # string # Update descriptor by field position schema.descriptor['fields'][0]['type'] = 'number' # Update descriptor by field name schema.update_field('my_field', {'title': 'My Pretty Field'}) # True # Change are not committed print(schema.get_field('my_field').descriptor['type']) # string print(schema.get_field('my_field').descriptor['title']) # My Field # Commit change schema.commit() print(schema.get_field('my_field').descriptor['type']) # number print(schema.get_field('my_field').descriptor['title']) # My Pretty Field "><pre><span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s1">tableschema</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-v">Schema</span> <span class="pl-s1">descriptor</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> {<span class="pl-s">'fields'</span>: [{<span class="pl-s">'name'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'my_field'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'title'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'My Field'</span>, <span class="pl-s">'type'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'string'</span>}]} <span class="pl-s1">schema</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">Schema</span>(<span class="pl-s1">descriptor</span>) <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">get_field</span>(<span class="pl-s">'my_field'</span>).<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span>[<span class="pl-s">'type'</span>]) <span class="pl-c"># string</span> <span class="pl-c"># Update descriptor by field position</span> <span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span>[<span class="pl-s">'fields'</span>][<span class="pl-c1">0</span>][<span class="pl-s">'type'</span>] <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-s">'number'</span> <span class="pl-c"># Update descriptor by field name</span> <span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">update_field</span>(<span class="pl-s">'my_field'</span>, {<span class="pl-s">'title'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'My Pretty Field'</span>}) <span class="pl-c"># True</span> <span class="pl-c"># Change are not committed</span> <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">get_field</span>(<span class="pl-s">'my_field'</span>).<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span>[<span class="pl-s">'type'</span>]) <span class="pl-c"># string</span> <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">get_field</span>(<span class="pl-s">'my_field'</span>).<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span>[<span class="pl-s">'title'</span>]) <span class="pl-c"># My Field</span> <span class="pl-c"># Commit change</span> <span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">commit</span>() <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">get_field</span>(<span class="pl-s">'my_field'</span>).<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span>[<span class="pl-s">'type'</span>]) <span class="pl-c"># number</span> <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">get_field</span>(<span class="pl-s">'my_field'</span>).<span class="pl-c1">descriptor</span>[<span class="pl-s">'title'</span>]) <span class="pl-c"># My Pretty Field</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>strict (bool)</strong>: alter <code>strict</code> mode for further work</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: raises any error that occurs during the process</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>bool</code>: true on success and false if not modified</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>schema.save</code></h4><a id="user-content-schemasave" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: schema.save" href="#schemasave"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="schema.save(target, ensure_ascii=True)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">schema</span>.<span class="pl-c1">save</span>(<span class="pl-s1">target</span>, <span class="pl-s1">ensure_ascii</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">True</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Save schema descriptor to target destination.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>target (str)</strong>: path where to save a descriptor</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: raises any error that occurs during the process</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>bool</code>: true on success</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>Field</code></h3><a id="user-content-field" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Field" href="#field"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Field(self, descriptor, missing_values=[''], schema=None)"><pre><span class="pl-en">Field</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">descriptor</span>, <span class="pl-s1">missing_values</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[<span class="pl-s">''</span>], <span class="pl-s1">schema</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Field representaion</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>descriptor (dict)</strong>: schema field descriptor</li> <li><strong>missingValues (str[])</strong>: an array with string representing missing values</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: raises any error that occurs during the process</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>field.constraints</code></h4><a id="user-content-fieldconstraints" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: field.constraints" href="#fieldconstraints"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Field constraints</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>dict</code>: dict of field constraints</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>field.descriptor</code></h4><a id="user-content-fielddescriptor" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: field.descriptor" href="#fielddescriptor"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Fields's descriptor</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>dict</code>: descriptor</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>field.format</code></h4><a id="user-content-fieldformat" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: field.format" href="#fieldformat"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Field format</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str</code>: field format</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>field.missing_values</code></h4><a id="user-content-fieldmissing_values" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: field.missing_values" href="#fieldmissing_values"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Field's missing values</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str[]</code>: missing values</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>field.name</code></h4><a id="user-content-fieldname" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: field.name" href="#fieldname"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Field name</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str</code>: field name</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>field.required</code></h4><a id="user-content-fieldrequired" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: field.required" href="#fieldrequired"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Whether field is required</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>bool</code>: true if required</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>field.schema</code></h4><a id="user-content-fieldschema" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: field.schema" href="#fieldschema"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Returns a schema instance if the field belongs to some schema</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>Schema</code>: field's schema</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>field.type</code></h4><a id="user-content-fieldtype" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: field.type" href="#fieldtype"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Field type</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str</code>: field type</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>field.cast_value</code></h4><a id="user-content-fieldcast_value" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: field.cast_value" href="#fieldcast_value"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="field.cast_value(value, constraints=True)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">field</span>.<span class="pl-c1">cast_value</span>(<span class="pl-s1">value</span>, <span class="pl-s1">constraints</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">True</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Cast given value according to the field type and format.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>value (any)</strong>: value to cast against field</li> <li><strong>constraints (boll/str[])</strong>: gets constraints configuration - it could be set to true to disable constraint checks - it could be an Array of constraints to check e.g. ['minimum', 'maximum']</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: raises any error that occurs during the process</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>any</code>: returns cast value</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>field.test_value</code></h4><a id="user-content-fieldtest_value" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: field.test_value" href="#fieldtest_value"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="field.test_value(value, constraints=True)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">field</span>.<span class="pl-c1">test_value</span>(<span class="pl-s1">value</span>, <span class="pl-s1">constraints</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">True</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Test whether value is compliant to the field.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>value (any)</strong>: value to cast against field</li> <li><strong>constraints (bool/str[])</strong>: constraints configuration</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>bool</code>: returns if value is compliant to the field</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>Storage</code></h3><a id="user-content-storage" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Storage" href="#storage"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="Storage(self, **options)"><pre><span class="pl-en">Storage</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-c1">**</span><span class="pl-s1">options</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Storage factory/interface</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>For users</strong></p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">Use <code>Storage.connect</code> to instantiate a storage</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto">For instantiation of concrete storage instances, <code>tableschema.Storage</code> provides a unified factory method <code>connect</code> (which uses the plugin system under the hood):</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="# pip install tableschema_sql from tableschema import Storage storage = Storage.connect('sql', **options) storage.create('bucket', descriptor) storage.write('bucket', rows) storage.read('bucket')"><pre><span class="pl-c"># pip install tableschema_sql</span> <span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s1">tableschema</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-v">Storage</span> <span class="pl-s1">storage</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-v">Storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">connect</span>(<span class="pl-s">'sql'</span>, <span class="pl-c1">**</span><span class="pl-s1">options</span>) <span class="pl-s1">storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">create</span>(<span class="pl-s">'bucket'</span>, <span class="pl-s1">descriptor</span>) <span class="pl-s1">storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">write</span>(<span class="pl-s">'bucket'</span>, <span class="pl-s1">rows</span>) <span class="pl-s1">storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">read</span>(<span class="pl-s">'bucket'</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto"><strong>For integrators</strong></p> <p dir="auto">The library includes interface declaration to implement tabular <code>Storage</code>. This interface allow to use different data storage systems like SQL with <code>tableschema.Table</code> class (load/save) as well as on the data package level:</p> <p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py/master/data/storage.png"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py/master/data/storage.png" alt="Storage" style="max-width: 100%;"></a></p> <p dir="auto">An implementor must follow <code>tableschema.Storage</code> interface to write his own storage backend. Concrete storage backends could include additional functionality specific to conrete storage system. See <code>plugins</code> below to know how to integrate custom storage plugin into your workflow.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>storage.buckets</code></h4><a id="user-content-storagebuckets" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: storage.buckets" href="#storagebuckets"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Return list of storage bucket names.</p> <p dir="auto">A <code>bucket</code> is a special term which has almost the same meaning as <code>table</code>. You should consider <code>bucket</code> as a <code>table</code> stored in the <code>storage</code>.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>exceptions.StorageError</code>: raises on any error</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>str[]</code>: return list of bucket names</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>storage.connect</code></h4><a id="user-content-storageconnect" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: storage.connect" href="#storageconnect"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="storage.connect(name, **options)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">connect</span>(<span class="pl-s1">name</span>, <span class="pl-c1">**</span><span class="pl-s1">options</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Create tabular <code>storage</code> based on storage name.</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">This method is statis: <code>Storage.connect()</code></p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>name (str)</strong>: storage name like <code>sql</code></li> <li><strong>options (dict)</strong>: concrete storage options</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>StorageError</code>: raises on any error</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>Storage</code>: returns <code>Storage</code> instance</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>storage.create</code></h4><a id="user-content-storagecreate" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: storage.create" href="#storagecreate"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="storage.create(bucket, descriptor, force=False)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">create</span>(<span class="pl-s1">bucket</span>, <span class="pl-s1">descriptor</span>, <span class="pl-s1">force</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Create one/multiple buckets.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>bucket (str/list)</strong>: bucket name or list of bucket names</li> <li><strong>descriptor (dict/dict[])</strong>: schema descriptor or list of descriptors</li> <li><strong>force (bool)</strong>: whether to delete and re-create already existing buckets</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>exceptions.StorageError</code>: raises on any error</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>storage.delete</code></h4><a id="user-content-storagedelete" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: storage.delete" href="#storagedelete"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="storage.delete(bucket=None, ignore=False)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">delete</span>(<span class="pl-s1">bucket</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">ignore</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">False</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Delete one/multiple/all buckets.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>bucket (str/list/None)</strong>: bucket name or list of bucket names to delete. If <code>None</code>, all buckets will be deleted</li> <li><strong>descriptor (dict/dict[])</strong>: schema descriptor or list of descriptors</li> <li><strong>ignore (bool)</strong>: don't raise an error on non-existent bucket deletion</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>exceptions.StorageError</code>: raises on any error</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>storage.describe</code></h4><a id="user-content-storagedescribe" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: storage.describe" href="#storagedescribe"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="storage.describe(bucket, descriptor=None)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">describe</span>(<span class="pl-s1">bucket</span>, <span class="pl-s1">descriptor</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Get/set bucket's Table Schema descriptor</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>bucket (str)</strong>: bucket name</li> <li><strong>descriptor (dict/None)</strong>: schema descriptor to set</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>exceptions.StorageError</code>: raises on any error</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>dict</code>: returns Table Schema descriptor</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>storage.iter</code></h4><a id="user-content-storageiter" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: storage.iter" href="#storageiter"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="storage.iter(bucket)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">iter</span>(<span class="pl-s1">bucket</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Return an iterator of typed values based on the schema of this bucket.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>bucket (str)</strong>: bucket name</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>exceptions.StorageError</code>: raises on any error</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>list[]</code>: yields data rows</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>storage.read</code></h4><a id="user-content-storageread" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: storage.read" href="#storageread"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="storage.read(bucket)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">read</span>(<span class="pl-s1">bucket</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Read typed values based on the schema of this bucket.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>bucket (str)</strong>: bucket name <strong>Raises</strong></li> <li><code>exceptions.StorageError</code>: raises on any error <strong>Returns</strong></li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><code>list[]</code>: returns data rows</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>storage.write</code></h4><a id="user-content-storagewrite" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: storage.write" href="#storagewrite"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="storage.write(bucket, rows)"><pre><span class="pl-s1">storage</span>.<span class="pl-c1">write</span>(<span class="pl-s1">bucket</span>, <span class="pl-s1">rows</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">This method writes data rows into <code>storage</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">It should store values of unsupported types as strings internally (like csv does).</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>bucket (str)</strong>: bucket name</li> <li><strong>rows (list[])</strong>: data rows to write</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>exceptions.StorageError</code>: raises on any error</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>validate</code></h3><a id="user-content-validate" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: validate" href="#validate"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="validate(descriptor)"><pre><span class="pl-en">validate</span>(<span class="pl-s1">descriptor</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Validate descriptor</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>dict</strong>: descriptor</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>ValidationError</code>: on validation errors</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>bool</code>: True</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>infer</code></h3><a id="user-content-infer" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: infer" href="#infer"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="infer(source, headers=1, limit=100, confidence=0.75, missing_values=[''], guesser_cls=None, resolver_cls=None, **options)"><pre><span class="pl-en">infer</span>(<span class="pl-s1">source</span>, <span class="pl-s1">headers</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">1</span>, <span class="pl-s1">limit</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">100</span>, <span class="pl-s1">confidence</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">0.75</span>, <span class="pl-s1">missing_values</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[<span class="pl-s">''</span>], <span class="pl-s1">guesser_cls</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-s1">resolver_cls</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span><span class="pl-c1">None</span>, <span class="pl-c1">**</span><span class="pl-s1">options</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Infer source schema.</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>source (any)</strong>: source as path, url or inline data</li> <li><strong>headers (int/str[])</strong>: headers rows number or headers list</li> <li><strong>confidence (float)</strong>: how many casting errors are allowed (as a ratio, between 0 and 1)</li> <li><strong>missing_values (str[])</strong>: list of missing values (by default <code>['']</code>)</li> <li><strong>guesser_cls (class)</strong>: you can implement inferring strategies by providing type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]</li> <li><strong>resolver_cls (class)</strong>: you can implement inferring strategies by providing type-guessing and type-resolving classes [experimental]</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Raises</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>TableSchemaException</code>: raises any error that occurs during the process</li> </ul> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>dict</code>: returns schema descriptor</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>FailedCast</code></h3><a id="user-content-failedcast" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: FailedCast" href="#failedcast"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="FailedCast(self, value)"><pre><span class="pl-en">FailedCast</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">value</span>)</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Wrap an original data field value that failed to be properly casted.</p> <p dir="auto">FailedCast allows for further processing/yielding values but still be able to distinguish uncasted values on the consuming side.</p> <p dir="auto">Delegates attribute access and the basic rich comparison methods to the underlying object. Supports default user-defined classes hashability i.e. is hashable based on object identity (not based on the wrapped value).</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Arguments</strong></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li><strong>value (any)</strong>: value</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>DataPackageException</code></h3><a id="user-content-datapackageexception" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: DataPackageException" href="#datapackageexception"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="DataPackageException(self, message, errors=[])"><pre><span class="pl-en">DataPackageException</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">message</span>, <span class="pl-s1">errors</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[])</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Base class for all DataPackage/TableSchema exceptions.</p> <p dir="auto">If there are multiple errors, they can be read from the exception object:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="try: # lib action except DataPackageException as exception: if exception.multiple: for error in exception.errors: # handle error"><pre><span class="pl-k">try</span>: <span class="pl-c"># lib action</span> <span class="pl-k">except</span> <span class="pl-v">DataPackageException</span> <span class="pl-k">as</span> <span class="pl-s1">exception</span>: <span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-s1">exception</span>.<span class="pl-c1">multiple</span>: <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-s1">error</span> <span class="pl-c1">in</span> <span class="pl-s1">exception</span>.<span class="pl-c1">errors</span>: <span class="pl-c"># handle error</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>datapackageexception.errors</code></h4><a id="user-content-datapackageexceptionerrors" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: datapackageexception.errors" href="#datapackageexceptionerrors"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">List of nested errors</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>DataPackageException[]</code>: list of nested errors</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>datapackageexception.multiple</code></h4><a id="user-content-datapackageexceptionmultiple" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: datapackageexception.multiple" href="#datapackageexceptionmultiple"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Whether it's a nested exception</p> <p dir="auto"><strong>Returns</strong></p> <p dir="auto"><code>bool</code>: whether it's a nested exception</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>TableSchemaException</code></h3><a id="user-content-tableschemaexception" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: TableSchemaException" href="#tableschemaexception"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="TableSchemaException(self, message, errors=[])"><pre><span class="pl-en">TableSchemaException</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">message</span>, <span class="pl-s1">errors</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[])</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Base class for all TableSchema exceptions.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>LoadError</code></h3><a id="user-content-loaderror" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: LoadError" href="#loaderror"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="LoadError(self, message, errors=[])"><pre><span class="pl-en">LoadError</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">message</span>, <span class="pl-s1">errors</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[])</pre></div> <p dir="auto">All loading errors.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>ValidationError</code></h3><a id="user-content-validationerror" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: ValidationError" href="#validationerror"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="ValidationError(self, message, errors=[])"><pre><span class="pl-en">ValidationError</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">message</span>, <span class="pl-s1">errors</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[])</pre></div> <p dir="auto">All validation errors.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>CastError</code></h3><a id="user-content-casterror" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: CastError" href="#casterror"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="CastError(self, message, errors=[])"><pre><span class="pl-en">CastError</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">message</span>, <span class="pl-s1">errors</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[])</pre></div> <p dir="auto">All value cast errors.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>IntegrityError</code></h3><a id="user-content-integrityerror" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: IntegrityError" href="#integrityerror"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="IntegrityError(self, message, errors=[])"><pre><span class="pl-en">IntegrityError</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">message</span>, <span class="pl-s1">errors</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[])</pre></div> <p dir="auto">All integrity errors.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>UniqueKeyError</code></h3><a id="user-content-uniquekeyerror" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: UniqueKeyError" href="#uniquekeyerror"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="UniqueKeyError(self, message, errors=[])"><pre><span class="pl-en">UniqueKeyError</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">message</span>, <span class="pl-s1">errors</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[])</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Unique key constraint violation (CastError subclass)</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>RelationError</code></h3><a id="user-content-relationerror" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: RelationError" href="#relationerror"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="RelationError(self, message, errors=[])"><pre><span class="pl-en">RelationError</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">message</span>, <span class="pl-s1">errors</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[])</pre></div> <p dir="auto">All relations errors.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>UnresolvedFKError</code></h3><a id="user-content-unresolvedfkerror" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: UnresolvedFKError" href="#unresolvedfkerror"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="UnresolvedFKError(self, message, errors=[])"><pre><span class="pl-en">UnresolvedFKError</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">message</span>, <span class="pl-s1">errors</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[])</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Unresolved foreign key reference error (RelationError subclass).</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>StorageError</code></h3><a id="user-content-storageerror" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: StorageError" href="#storageerror"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="StorageError(self, message, errors=[])"><pre><span class="pl-en">StorageError</span>(<span class="pl-s1">self</span>, <span class="pl-s1">message</span>, <span class="pl-s1">errors</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[])</pre></div> <p dir="auto">All storage errors.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Experimental</h2><a id="user-content-experimental" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Experimental" href="#experimental"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">This API is experimental and can be changed/removed in the future</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto">There is an experimental environment variable <code>TABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES</code> which, if it is set, affects how data casting works.</p> <p dir="auto">By default, missing values are resolved to <code>None</code> values. When this flag is set, missing values are passed through as it is. For example:</p> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">missing_values.py</p> </blockquote> <div class="highlight highlight-source-python notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="from tableschema import Field field = Field({'type': 'number'}, missing_values=['-']) print(field.cast_value('3')) print(field.cast_value('-'))"><pre><span class="pl-k">from</span> <span class="pl-s1">tableschema</span> <span class="pl-k">import</span> <span class="pl-v">Field</span> <span class="pl-s1">field</span> <span class="pl-c1">=</span> <span class="pl-en">Field</span>({<span class="pl-s">'type'</span>: <span class="pl-s">'number'</span>}, <span class="pl-s1">missing_values</span><span class="pl-c1">=</span>[<span class="pl-s">'-'</span>]) <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">field</span>.<span class="pl-c1">cast_value</span>(<span class="pl-s">'3'</span>)) <span class="pl-en">print</span>(<span class="pl-s1">field</span>.<span class="pl-c1">cast_value</span>(<span class="pl-s">'-'</span>))</pre></div> <p dir="auto">Running this script in different modes:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ python missing_values.py 3 None $ TABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES=1 python missing_values.py 3 -"><pre>$ python missing_values.py 3 None $ TABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES=1 python missing_values.py 3 -</pre></div> <p dir="auto">The flags affects all the library's APIs and software built on top of <code>tableschema</code>. For example, Data Package Pipelines:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ TABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES=1 dpp run ./my_pipeline"><pre>$ TABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES=1 dpp run ./my_pipeline</pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contributing</h2><a id="user-content-contributing" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contributing" href="#contributing"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <blockquote> <p dir="auto">The project follows the <a href="https://github.com/okfn/coding-standards">Open Knowledge International coding standards</a>.</p> </blockquote> <p dir="auto">Recommended way to get started is to create and activate a project virtual environment. To install package and development dependencies into active environment:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ make install"><pre>$ make install</pre></div> <p dir="auto">To run tests with linting and coverage:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-shell notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="$ make test"><pre>$ make <span class="pl-c1">test</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Changelog</h2><a id="user-content-changelog" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Changelog" href="#changelog"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Here described only breaking and the most important changes. The full changelog and documentation for all released versions can be found in the nicely formatted <a href="https://github.com/frictionlessdata/tableschema-py/commits/master">commit history</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.20</h4><a id="user-content-v120" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.20" href="#v120"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Added --json flag to the CLI (#287)</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.19</h4><a id="user-content-v119" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.19" href="#v119"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Deduplicate field names if guessing in infer</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.18</h4><a id="user-content-v118" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.18" href="#v118"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Publish <code>field.ERROR/cast_function/check_functions</code></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.17</h4><a id="user-content-v117" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.17" href="#v117"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Added <code>schema.missing_values</code> and <code>field.missing_values</code></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.16</h4><a id="user-content-v116" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.16" href="#v116"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Fixed the way we parse <code>geopoint</code>: <ul dir="auto"> <li>as a string it can be in 3 forms ("default", "array", "object") BUT</li> <li>as native object it can only be a list/tuple</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.15</h4><a id="user-content-v115" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.15" href="#v115"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Added an experimental <code>TABLESCHEMA_PRESERVE_MISSING_VALUES</code> environment variable flag</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.14</h4><a id="user-content-v114" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.14" href="#v114"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Allow providing custom guesser and resolver to <code>table.infer</code> and <code>infer</code></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.13</h4><a id="user-content-v113" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.13" href="#v113"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Added <code>missing_values</code> argument to the <code>infer</code> function (#269)</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.12</h4><a id="user-content-v112" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.12" href="#v112"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Support optional custom exception handling for table.iter/read (#259)</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.11</h4><a id="user-content-v111" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.11" href="#v111"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Added <code>preserve_missing_values</code> parameter to <code>field.cast_value</code></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.10</h4><a id="user-content-v110" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.10" href="#v110"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Added an ability to check table's integrity while reading</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.9</h4><a id="user-content-v19" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.9" href="#v19"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Implemented the <code>table.size</code> and <code>table.hash</code> properties</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.8</h4><a id="user-content-v18" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.8" href="#v18"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Added <code>table.index_foreign_keys_values</code> and improved foreign key checks performance</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.7</h4><a id="user-content-v17" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.7" href="#v17"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Added <code>field.schema</code> property</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.6</h4><a id="user-content-v16" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.6" href="#v16"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>In <code>strict</code> mode raise an exception if there are problems in field construction</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.5</h4><a id="user-content-v15" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.5" href="#v15"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Allow providing custom guesser and resolver to schema infer</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.4</h4><a id="user-content-v14" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.4" href="#v14"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Added <code>schema.update_field</code> method</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.3</h4><a id="user-content-v13" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.3" href="#v13"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Support datetime with no time for date casting</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.2</h4><a id="user-content-v12" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.2" href="#v12"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Support floats like 1.0 for integer casting</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.1</h4><a id="user-content-v11" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.1" href="#v11"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Added the <code>confidence</code> parameter to <code>infer</code></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">v1.0</h4><a id="user-content-v10" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: v1.0" href="#v10"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>The library has been rebased on the Frictionless Data specs v1 - <a href="https://frictionlessdata.io/specs/table-schema/" rel="nofollow">https://frictionlessdata.io/specs/table-schema/</a></li> </ul> </article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="Dw0MDUwq5bVVXEXviHk/0YPAMeCa9T7X9w30aOcTRVqV2fzJyuSDltryOnihTks0Ot/Oi95AVYJxAyspLg8t7Q==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="BorderGrid about-margin" data-pjax> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <div class="hide-sm hide-md"> <h2 class="mb-3 h4">About</h2> <p class="f4 my-3"> A Python library for working with Table Schema. </p> <div class="my-3 d-flex flex-items-center"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link flex-shrink-0 mr-2"> <path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 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