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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American chemist (1907–1997)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Paul Doughty Bartlett</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Doughty_Bartlett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Paul_Doughty_Bartlett.jpg/220px-Paul_Doughty_Bartlett.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/93/Paul_Doughty_Bartlett.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1907-08-14</span>)</span>August 14, 1907<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Arbor">Ann Arbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 11, 1997<span style="display:none">(1997-10-11)</span> (aged 90)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst College</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ACS_Award_in_Pure_Chemistry" title="ACS Award in Pure Chemistry">ACS Award in Pure Chemistry</a> (1938)<br /><a href="/wiki/Willard_Gibbs_Award" title="Willard Gibbs Award">Willard Gibbs Award</a> (1963)<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (1968)<br /><a href="/wiki/William_H._Nichols_Medal" title="William H. Nichols Medal">William H. Nichols Medal</a> (1976)<br /><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Welch_Foundation" title="Robert A. Welch Foundation">Welch Award</a> (1981)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller Institute</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Texas_Christian_University" title="Texas Christian University">Texas Christian University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Bryant_Conant" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bryant Conant">James Bryant Conant</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Ragu%C3%A9_Schleyer" title="Paul von Ragué Schleyer">Paul von Ragué Schleyer</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/James_Cullen_Martin" title="James Cullen Martin">James Cullen Martin</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Frimer" title="Aryeh Frimer">Aryeh Frimer</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Paul Doughty Bartlett</b> (August 14, 1907 – October 11, 1997) was an American chemist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Doughty_Bartlett&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bartlett was born in <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Arbor">Ann Arbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> and grew up in <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>. He received his B.A. from <a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst College</a> in 1928. After his graduation from Harvard with <a href="/wiki/James_Bryant_Conant" class="mw-redirect" title="James Bryant Conant">James Bryant Conant</a>, Bartlett worked at the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_University" title="Rockefeller University">Rockefeller Institute</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>. Most of his career was spent at Harvard. Among other achievements, Bartlett was co-author with <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_H._Knox" title="Lawrence H. Knox">Lawrence H. Knox</a> of a classic paper on organic reaction mechanisms.<sup id="cite_ref-Gortler_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gortler-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlackPastWilliam_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackPastWilliam-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weininger_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weininger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his retirement in 1972, he started his second career at <a href="/wiki/Texas_Christian_University" title="Texas Christian University">Texas Christian University</a>. </p><p>He was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> in 1946<sup id="cite_ref-AAAS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Willard_Gibbs_Award" title="Willard Gibbs Award">Willard Gibbs Award</a> in 1963,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> in 1968,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/John_Price_Wetherill_Medal" title="John Price Wetherill Medal">John Price Wetherill Medal</a> in 1970. In 1969, Paul Doughty Bartlett was elected as member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Doughty_Bartlett&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gortler-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gortler_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGortlerWeininger2010" class="citation journal cs1">Gortler, Leon; Weininger, Stephen J. (Summer 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/chemical-relations-william-and-lawrence-knox-african-american-chemists">"Chemical Relations: William and Lawrence Knox, African American Chemists"</a>. <i>Chemical Heritage Magazine</i>. <b>28</b> (2). Chemical Heritage Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Heritage+Magazine&rft.atitle=Chemical+Relations%3A+William+and+Lawrence+Knox%2C+African+American+Chemists&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Gortler&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft.au=Weininger%2C+Stephen+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fdistillations%2Fmagazine%2Fchemical-relations-william-and-lawrence-knox-african-american-chemists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Doughty+Bartlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlackPastWilliam-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BlackPastWilliam_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackpast.org/aah/knox-william-jacob-jr-1904-1995">"Knox, William Jacob, Jr. (1904-1995)"</a>. <i>BlackPast.org</i>. 10 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BlackPast.org&rft.atitle=Knox%2C+William+Jacob%2C+Jr.+%281904-1995%29&rft.date=2011-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2Faah%2Fknox-william-jacob-jr-1904-1995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Doughty+Bartlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weininger-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weininger_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeininger" class="citation web cs1">Weininger, Stephen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/perspective-stumbling-through-history-discovering-unsung-african-american-chemists">"Perspective: Stumbling Through History: Discovering Unsung African-American Chemists"</a>. <i>Science Careers</i>. Science<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Careers&rft.atitle=Perspective%3A+Stumbling+Through+History%3A+Discovering+Unsung+African-American+Chemists&rft.aulast=Weininger&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fperspective-stumbling-through-history-discovering-unsung-african-american-chemists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Doughty+Bartlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf">"Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. American Academy of Arts and Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Book+of+Members%2C+1780-2010%3A+Chapter+B&rft.pub=American+Academy+of+Arts+and+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fpublications%2FBookofMembers%2FChapterB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Doughty+Bartlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/57959.html">"Paul D. Bartlett"</a>. <i>www.nasonline.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nasonline.org&rft.atitle=Paul+D.+Bartlett&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fdeceased-members%2F57959.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Doughty+Bartlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chicagoacs.org/content.php?page=Willard_Gibbs_Award">American Chemical Society - Chicago Section</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsf.gov/od/nms/recip_details.cfm?recip_id=32">National Science Foundation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Paul+Bartlett&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=search.amphilsoc.org&rft.atitle=APS+Member+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.amphilsoc.org%2Fmemhist%2Fsearch%3Fcreator%3DPaul%2BBartlett%26title%3D%26subject%3D%26subdiv%3D%26mem%3D%26year%3D%26year-max%3D%26dead%3D%26keyword%3D%26smode%3Dadvanced&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Doughty+Bartlett" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Doughty_Bartlett&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._H._Westheimer1998" class="citation journal cs1">F. H. Westheimer (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9649&page=24">"Paul Doughty Bartlett (14 August 1907-11 October 1997)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Proceedings_of_the_American_Philosophical_Society" title="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society">Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</a></i>. <b>142</b> (3): 446–456.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+American+Philosophical+Society&rft.atitle=Paul+Doughty+Bartlett+%2814+August+1907-11+October+1997%29&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=446-456&rft.date=1998&rft.au=F.+H.+Westheimer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.nap.edu%2Fopenbook.php%3Frecord_id%3D9649%26page%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APaul+Doughty+Bartlett" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4493">Oral History interview transcript with Paul Bartlett on 18 July 1978, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/bartlett-paul-d.pdf">National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108976129">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/48143632">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/117048/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwMBf8Pm4Y3MXkYQVb8G3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1294134086">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83162109">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36342402">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2013787963&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071033173">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90112821">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007327079305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03101004?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/paul-d-bartlett/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/189859865">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6r06kkk">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox 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