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href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> politicians, all <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MPs</a> or former MPs and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Ministers">Cabinet Ministers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Bill Rodgers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became known as the Limehouse Declaration as it was made near David Owen's <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> home in <a href="/wiki/Limehouse" title="Limehouse">Limehouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc_2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four were known as the <a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a>. </p><p>The opening paragraph of the declaration indicates that it was triggered by decisions taken at the Labour Party conference in January 1981. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The calamitous outcome of the Labour Party Wembley conference demands a new start in British politics. A handful of trade union leaders can now dictate the choice of a future Prime Minister.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>The Limehouse Declaration</i> (opening)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>In this document, the so-called 'Gang of Four' signalled their intent to leave the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> and form a Council for <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democracy">Social Democracy</a>, as they felt the party had been taken over by the left-wing members.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Council became the basis for the British <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Social Democratic Party</a> (SDP). </p><p>The declaration was launched on a small bridge on <a href="/wiki/Narrow_Street" title="Narrow Street">Narrow Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limehouse" title="Limehouse">Limehouse</a>. Organisation was last-minute, with <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Oakeshott" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Oakeshott">Matthew Oakeshott</a> being sent to the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel" title="Savoy Hotel">Savoy Hotel</a> to make photocopies of the statement, and visiting the flat of Shirley Williams to find appropriate clothes for her to wear at the press call.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The four stated that they would soon produce an initial list of politicians and others who would support the new Council for Social Democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-Herald26Jan81_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herald26Jan81-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point the 'Gang of Three' (Williams, Rodgers and Owen) had not yet left the Labour Party, but Williams admitted that "almost inevitably" they would take this step. However Williams, whom <i>The <a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Herald">Glasgow Herald</a></i> considered to be the new group's "greatest asset as far as public appeal is concerned", was reported to want to delay the formal split until after <a href="/wiki/1981_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="1981 United Kingdom local elections">the local elections in May</a> in order to avoid upsetting Labour moderates whose support they hoped to win.<sup id="cite_ref-Herald26Jan81_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herald26Jan81-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One week later, on 5 February 1981, an advertisement was published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> under the name of the Council for Social Democracy announcing that they had received 8,000 individual messages of support. The advertisement listed one hundred of their names, which included thirteen former Labour MPs, four of whom had been cabinet ministers including <a href="/wiki/Lord_George-Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord George-Brown">Lord George-Brown</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Deputy Leader of the Labour Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hundred_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hundred-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Gang_of_Four">The Gang of Four</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limehouse_Declaration&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The Gang of Four"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="150">Name<br /><small>(Birth–Death)</small> </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Constituency </th> <th>Previous Office(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a><br /><small>(1920–2003)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg/60px-Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg/90px-Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg/120px-Roy_Jenkins_1977b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="833" data-file-height="1150" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Hillhead" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow Hillhead">Glasgow Hillhead</a> <small>(from March 1982)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Deputy Leader of the Labour Party</a> <small>(1970–1972)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> <small>(1967–1970)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> <small>(1965–1967, 1974–1976)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Aviation">Minister of Aviation</a> <small>(1964–1965)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a><br /><small>(1938–)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Owen-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/David_Owen-1.jpg/60px-David_Owen-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/David_Owen-1.jpg/90px-David_Owen-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/David_Owen-1.jpg/120px-David_Owen-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="330" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Devonport" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth Devonport">Plymouth Devonport</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary" title="Foreign Secretary">Foreign Secretary</a> <small>(1977–1979)</small><br />Minister of State for Foreign Affairs <small>(1976–1977)</small><br />Minister of State for Health and Social Security <small>(1974–1976)</small><br />Under-Secretary of State for the Navy <small>(1968–1970)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Bill Rodgers</a><br /><small>(1928–)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg/60px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg/90px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg/120px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Stockton-on-Tees (UK Parliament constituency)">Stockton-on-Tees</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Transport_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport Secretary">Transport Secretary</a> <small>(1976–1979)</small><br />Minister of State for Defence <small>(1974–1976)</small><br />Minister of State for the Treasury <small>(1969–1970)</small><br />Minister of State for Trade <small>(1968–1969)</small><br />Under-Secretary of State for Economic Affairs <small>(1964–1967)</small><br />Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs <small>(1967–1968)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Shirley Williams</a><br /><small>(1930–2021)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shirley_Williams,_1984.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg/60px-Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg/90px-Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg/120px-Shirley_Williams%2C_1984.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1544" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crosby_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Crosby (UK Parliament constituency)">Crosby</a> <small>(from November 1981)</small> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Education" title="Secretary of State for Education">Education Secretary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paymaster_General" title="Paymaster General">Paymaster General</a> <small>(1976–1979)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Prices_and_Consumer_Protection" title="Department of Prices and Consumer Protection">Prices and Consumer Secretary</a> <small>(1974–1976)</small><br />Minister of State of Home Affairs <small>(1969–1970)</small><br />Minister of State for Education and Science <small>(1967–1969)</small><br />Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Housing and Local Government <small>(1966–1967)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_list_of_100">The list of 100</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limehouse_Declaration&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The list of 100"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is the list of 100 Council of Social Democracy supporters whose names were published in the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">Guardian</a></i> advertisement of 5 February 1981:<sup id="cite_ref-hundred_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hundred-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austen_Albu" title="Austen Albu">Austen Albu</a>, former Labour MP</li> <li>George Apter, company director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="Michael Barnes (British politician)">Michael Barnes</a>, former Labour MP</li> <li>Peter Birkby, Chair, <a href="/wiki/Bradford_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford West">Bradford West</a> <a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Constituency Labour party">constituency Labour party</a> (CLP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Buchanan_(politician)" title="Richard Buchanan (politician)">Dick Buchanan</a>, former Labour MP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Bullock" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Bullock">Lord Bullock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crossbench" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbench">crossbench</a> peer and historian</li> <li>Philip Burgess, university teacher</li> <li>Tyrrell Burgess, educationalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Cairncross" class="mw-redirect" title="Alec Cairncross">Alec Cairncross</a>, economist</li> <li>George Canning, former Labour Lord Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cannon_(historian)" title="John Cannon (historian)">John Cannon</a>, historian</li> <li>D. L. Carey-Evans, farmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Carter" title="Charles Frederick Carter">Charles Carter</a>, former university <a href="/wiki/Vice-chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-chancellor">vice-chancellor</a></li> <li>Jim Cattermole, former Labour regional organiser</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chapple" title="Frank Chapple">Frank Chapple</a>, General Secretary, <a href="/wiki/EETPU" class="mw-redirect" title="EETPU">EETPU</a></li> <li>Ann Coulson, former Labour councillor, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_Council" title="Birmingham City Council">Birmingham City Council</a></li> <li>Danny Crawford, President, <a href="/wiki/UCATT" class="mw-redirect" title="UCATT">UCATT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Dainton" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Dainton">Frederick Dainton</a>, scientist</li> <li>Jim Daly, former Labour <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a> committee chair</li> <li>Richard Davies, administrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Dell" title="Edmund Dell">Edmund Dell</a>, former Labour MP and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Diamond,_Baron_Diamond" title="Jack Diamond, Baron Diamond">Lord Diamond</a>, Labour peer and former Cabinet minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Donaldson,_Baron_Donaldson_of_Kingsbridge" title="Jack Donaldson, Baron Donaldson of Kingsbridge">Lord Donaldson of Kingsbridge</a>, Labour peer and former government minister</li> <li>Douglas Eden, polytechnic lecturer and co-founder, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Alliance_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Alliance (UK)">Social Democratic Alliance</a> (SDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraint_Evans" title="Geraint Evans">Geraint Evans</a>, opera singer</li> <li>Eddie Fineran, member, <a href="/wiki/ASTMS" class="mw-redirect" title="ASTMS">ASTMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Floud" title="Jean Floud">Jean Floud</a>, social scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Flowers">Lord Flowers</a>, crossbench peer and physicist</li> <li>John Frears, Labour councillor, <a href="/wiki/Leicestershire_County_Council" title="Leicestershire County Council">Leicestershire County Council</a></li> <li>Paul Genney, Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Great_Grimsby_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Great Grimsby (UK Parliament constituency)">Great Grimsby</a> CLP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_George-Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord George-Brown">Lord George-Brown</a>, former Labour MP and Deputy Leader, and Cabinet minister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Godber" title="George Godber">George Godber</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Chief_Medical_Officer_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Medical Officer (United Kingdom)">Chief Medical Officer</a> for England and Wales</li> <li>John Godfrey, university lecturer</li> <li>Celia Goodhart, school teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Goodhart" class="mw-redirect" title="William Goodhart">William Goodhart</a>, barrister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hahn" title="Frank Hahn">Frank Hahn</a>, economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hannan" title="William Hannan">Willie Hannan</a>, former Labour MP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Haseler" title="Stephen Haseler">Stephen Haseler</a>, polytechnic lecturer and co-founder, SDA</li> <li>Eric W. Hawkins, university professor</li> <li>Michael Hughes, Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Ceredigion_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Ceredigion (UK Parliament constituency)">Cardigan</a> CLP</li> <li>Sydney Jacobs, former Labour agent and councillor, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Jowell" title="Jeffrey Jowell">Jeffrey Jowell</a>, barrister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lester" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Lester">Anthony Lester</a>, barrister</li> <li>Clive Lindley, businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Luard" title="Evan Luard">Evan Luard</a>, former Labour MP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lomas" title="Kenneth Lomas">Kenneth Lomas</a>, former Labour MP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_MacKenzie_(journalist)" title="Norman MacKenzie (journalist)">Norman MacKenzie</a>, journalist and author</li> <li>Anne Mallet, university lecturer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Marquand" title="David Marquand">David Marquand</a>, former Labour MP</li> <li>Robert McCullagh, former Labour <a href="/wiki/Prospective_parliamentary_candidate" title="Prospective parliamentary candidate">PPC</a></li> <li>Alec McGivan, Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Labour_Victory" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign for Labour Victory">Campaign for Labour Victory</a> (CLV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Meade" title="James Meade">James Meade</a>, economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Mennell" title="Stephen Mennell">Stephen Mennell</a>, sociologist</li> <li>Anne Mitchell, school teacher</li> <li>Joan Mitchell, economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morgan_(British_journalist)" title="John Morgan (British journalist)">John Morgan</a>, writer and broadcaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Morris" title="Norman Morris">Norman Morris</a>, obstetrician and gynaecologist</li> <li>Huw Morris-Jones, university professor</li> <li>William Mowbray, former President, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_TUC" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish TUC">Scottish TUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Murphy_(businessman)" title="Leslie Murphy (businessman)">Leslie Murphy</a>, businessman</li> <li>Richard Murray, former Labour PPC</li> <li>Angela Newton, former Labour councillor, <a href="/wiki/South_Holland_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="South Holland District Council">South Holland District Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Neuberger" title="Julia Neuberger">Julia Neuberger</a>, rabbi</li> <li>Hilda Nickson, Officer, <a href="/wiki/North_Norfolk_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Norfolk (UK Parliament constituency)">North Norfolk</a> CLP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pannick" class="mw-redirect" title="David Pannick">David Pannick</a>, barrister</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Perry" title="Walter Perry">Lord Perry of Walton</a>, crossbench peer and former university vice-chancellor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Phipps" title="Colin Phipps">Colin Phipps</a>, former Labour MP</li> <li>John Pick, engineer</li> <li>Frank Pickstock, former Labour Lord Mayor of Oxford</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usha_Prashar" class="mw-redirect" title="Usha Prashar">Usha Prashar</a>, social administrator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Frank_Price" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Frank Price">Frank Price</a>, former Labour Lord Mayor of Birmingham</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Race" title="Steve Race">Steve Race</a>, composer and pianist</li> <li>Dora Radcliffe, member, <a href="/wiki/Bebington_and_Ellesmere_Port_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bebington and Ellesmere Port (UK Parliament constituency)">Bebington</a> CLP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Rawlins" title="Michael Rawlins">Michael Rawlins</a>, pharmacologist</li> <li>John Riches, school headteacher</li> <li>John Rickarby, branch Chair, <a href="/wiki/Lowestoft_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Lowestoft (UK Parliament constituency)">Lowestoft</a> CLP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirlys_Roberts" title="Eirlys Roberts">Eirlys Roberts</a>, consumer rights campaigner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Robinson_(British_politician)" title="Kenneth Robinson (British politician)">Kenneth Robinson</a>, former Labour MP and Cabinet minister</li> <li>Kirby Robinson, Treasurer, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Newcastle upon Tyne East (UK Parliament constituency)">Newcastle East</a> CLP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sainsbury" class="mw-redirect" title="David Sainsbury">David Sainsbury</a>, businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Sainsbury,_Baron_Sainsbury" title="Alan Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury">Lord Sainsbury</a>, Labour peer and businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Sampson" title="Anthony Sampson">Anthony Sampson</a>, author and broadcaster</li> <li>Jack Service, General Secretary, <a href="/wiki/CSEU" class="mw-redirect" title="CSEU">CSEU</a></li> <li>Keith Smith, Scottish Organiser, CLV</li> <li>Robert Souhami, physician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Suzman" title="Janet Suzman">Janet Suzman</a>, actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Taverne" title="Dick Taverne">Dick Taverne</a>, former Labour and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(UK,_1972)" title="Democratic Labour Party (UK, 1972)">Democratic Labour</a> MP</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_Thomas" title="Clem Thomas">Clem Thomas</a>, rugby journalist and former <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> parliamentary candidate</li> <li>Stuart Thompstone, former Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Newark_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Newark (UK Parliament constituency)">Newark</a> CLP</li> <li>Lady Thomson of Monifieth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polly_Toynbee" title="Polly Toynbee">Polly Toynbee</a>, journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Ward,_Baroness_Jackson_of_Lodsworth" title="Barbara Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth">Barbara Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth</a>, crossbench peer and economist</li> <li>Jack Watson, Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Argyll_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Argyll (UK Parliament constituency)">Argyll</a> CLP</li> <li>Clive Wilkinson, Leader, Birmingham City Council</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Maynard_Williams" title="Philip Maynard Williams">Philip Williams</a>, political historian and biographer of <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a></li> <li>Peter Wilson, Labour councillor, <a href="/wiki/Lothian_Regional_Council#Governance" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothian Regional Council">Lothian Regional Council</a></li> <li>Ian Wright, President, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Students%27_Union" title="Cambridge Students' Union">Cambridge Students' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Young_of_Dartington" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Young of Dartington">Lord Young of Dartington</a>, Labour peer and sociologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_Young,_2nd_Baron_Kennet" title="Wayland Young, 2nd Baron Kennet">Wayland Young, 2nd Baron Kennet</a>, Labour peer and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Zander" title="Michael Zander">Michael Zander</a>, legal scholar</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limehouse_Declaration&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The events leading up to the declaration were the basis of the play <i><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_(play)" title="Limehouse (play)">Limehouse</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Steve_Waters" title="Steve Waters">Steve Waters</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Donmar_Warehouse" title="Donmar Warehouse">Donmar Warehouse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limehouse_Declaration&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bbc_2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2011_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2011_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLey2011" class="citation news cs1">Ley, Shaun (12 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-12170121">"The legacy of the SDP's Gang of Four"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+legacy+of+the+SDP%27s+Gang+of+Four&rft.date=2011-01-12&rft.aulast=Ley&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-12170121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimehouse+Declaration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsOwenRodgersJenkins1981" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Shirley; Owen, David; Rodgers, Bill; Jenkins, Roy (26 January 1981). "Why Gang of Four Set Up New Council". <i>The Guardian</i>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+Gang+of+Four+Set+Up+New+Council&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1981-01-26&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.au=Owen%2C+David&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+Bill&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimehouse+Declaration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2006/jan/21/labour.liberaldemocrats">"Looking back on Limehouse"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 21 January 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Looking+back+on+Limehouse&rft.date=2006-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2006%2Fjan%2F21%2Flabour.liberaldemocrats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimehouse+Declaration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2014" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, John (2014). <i>Roy Jenkins- A well Rounded Life</i>. Jonathan Cape. pp. 558–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-224-08750-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-224-08750-6"><bdi>978-0-224-08750-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roy+Jenkins-+A+well+Rounded+Life&rft.pages=558-9&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-224-08750-6&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimehouse+Declaration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herald26Jan81-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Herald26Jan81_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Herald26Jan81_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1981" class="citation news cs1">Russell, William (26 January 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19810126&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"Gang of Three to form Social Democracy Group"</a>. <i>The Glasgow Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Glasgow+Herald&rft.atitle=Gang+of+Three+to+form+Social+Democracy+Group&rft.date=1981-01-26&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3DGGgVawPscysC%26dat%3D19810126%26printsec%3Dfrontpage%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimehouse+Declaration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hundred-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hundred_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hundred_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Advertisement - Council for Social Democracy". <i>The Guardian</i>. 5 February 1981. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Advertisement+-+Council+for+Social+Democracy&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1981-02-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimehouse+Declaration" class="Z3988"></span> Reproduced in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2011/jun/03/guardian190-sdp-ad-1981">"5 February 1981: Support for the SDP"</a>. <i>From the archive blog</i>. The Guardian. 3 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=From+the+archive+blog&rft.atitle=5+February+1981%3A+Support+for+the+SDP&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheguardian%2Ffrom-the-archive-blog%2F2011%2Fjun%2F03%2Fguardian190-sdp-ad-1981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimehouse+Declaration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRusbridger1981" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rusbridger" title="Alan Rusbridger">Rusbridger, Alan</a> (5 February 1981). "Academics and Councillors Dominate Gang of 100". <i>The Guardian</i>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Academics+and+Councillors+Dominate+Gang+of+100&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1981-02-05&rft.aulast=Rusbridger&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimehouse+Declaration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limehouse_Declaration&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.markpack.org.uk/17650/limehouse-declaration-anniversary/">Text of the declaration</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a 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Democrats</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">Steel</a> <i>(Liberal)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan,_Baron_Maclennan_of_Rogart" title="Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart">Maclennan</a> <i>(SDP)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Ashdown" title="Paddy Ashdown">Ashdown</a> (1988–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1999–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Campbell</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Clegg</a> (2007–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Farron</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Cable</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Swinson" title="Jo Swinson">Swinson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Davey</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats">Deputy leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Johnston" title="Russell Johnston">Johnston</a> (1988–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Beith" title="Alan Beith">Beith</a> (1992–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Campbell</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Cable</a> (2006–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes" title="Simon Hughes">Hughes</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Bruce" title="Malcolm Bruce">Bruce</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Swinson" title="Jo Swinson">Swinson</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Davey</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Cooper" title="Daisy Cooper">Cooper</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords">Leaders in the Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Seear,_Baroness_Seear" title="Nancy Seear, Baroness Seear">Seear</a> <i>(Liberal)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Diamond,_Baron_Diamond" title="Jack Diamond, Baron Diamond">Diamond</a> <i>(SDP)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a> (1988–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Rodgers</a> (1997–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Williams</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McNally,_Baron_McNally" title="Tom McNally, Baron McNally">McNally</a> (2004–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wallace,_Baron_Wallace_of_Tankerness" title="Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness">Wallace</a> (2013–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Newby,_Baron_Newby" title="Richard Newby, Baron Newby">Newby</a> (from 2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="President of the Liberal Democrats">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wrigglesworth" title="Ian Wrigglesworth">Wrigglesworth</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan,_Baron_Maclennan_of_Rogart" title="Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart">Maclennan</a> (1995–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Maddock,_Baroness_Maddock" title="Diana Maddock, Baroness Maddock">Maddock</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navnit_Dholakia,_Baron_Dholakia" title="Navnit Dholakia, Baron Dholakia">Dholakia</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes" title="Simon Hughes">Hughes</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Scott,_Baroness_Scott_of_Needham_Market" title="Rosalind Scott, Baroness Scott of Needham Market">Scott</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Farron</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_Brinton" title="Sal Brinton">Brinton</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pack" title="Mark Pack">Pack</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Leadership_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership elections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Social_and_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election">1988 (Ashdown)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="1999 Liberal Democrats leadership election">1999 (Kennedy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2006 (Campbell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2007 (Clegg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2015 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2015 (Farron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2017 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2017 (Cable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2019 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2019 (Swinson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2020 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2020 (Davey)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Deputy leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2003 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2003 (Campbell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2006 (Cable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2010 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2010 (Hughes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2014 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2014 (Bruce)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2017 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2017 (Swinson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2019 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2019 (Davey)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Frontbench_team" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_frontbench_team" title="Liberal Democrat frontbench team">Frontbench team</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leader of the Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats">Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Treasury_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson">Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Home_Affairs_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson">Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Structure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">MPs and Frontbench</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Liberal_Democrat_MPs_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of United Kingdom Liberal Democrat MPs (2024–present)">Current members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_frontbench_team" title="Liberal Democrat frontbench team">Frontbench team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Chief Whip of the Liberal Democrats">Chief whip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Frontbench in opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Paddy_Ashdown" title="Frontbench Team of Paddy Ashdown">Frontbench Team of Paddy Ashdown</a> (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Charles_Kennedy" title="Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy">Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy</a> (1999–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Menzies_Campbell" title="Frontbench Team of Menzies Campbell">Frontbench Team of Menzies Campbell</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Frontbench_Team_of_Vince_Cable" title="First Frontbench Team of Vince Cable">First Frontbench Team of Vince Cable</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Nick_Clegg" title="Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg">Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Tim_Farron" title="Frontbench Team of Tim Farron">Frontbench Team of Tim Farron</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Frontbench_Team_of_Vince_Cable" title="Second Frontbench Team of Vince Cable">Second Frontbench Team of Vince Cable</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Jo_Swinson" title="Frontbench Team of Jo Swinson">Frontbench Team of Jo Swinson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Ed_Davey" title="Frontbench Team of Ed Davey">Frontbench Team of Ed Davey</a> (2020-present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">State parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Liberal_Democrats" title="English Liberal Democrats">English Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Democrats" title="Scottish Liberal Democrats">Scottish Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Liberal_Democrats" title="Welsh Liberal Democrats">Welsh Liberal Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Regional parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Liberal_Democrats" title="London Liberal Democrats">London Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Liberal_Democrats" title="Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats">Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Conference" title="Liberal Democrat Conference">Liberal Democrat Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Committees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Board_(Liberal_Democrats)" title="Federal Board (Liberal Democrats)">Federal Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Specified_Associated_Organisation" title="Specified Associated Organisation">SAOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Liberal_Democrats" title="LGBT+ Liberal Democrats">LGBT+ Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Liberals_(UK)" title="Young Liberals (UK)">Young Liberals</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_Young_Liberals" title="English Young Liberals">English Young Liberals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Young_Liberals" title="Scottish Young Liberals">Scottish Young Liberals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Young_Liberals" title="Welsh Young Liberals">Welsh Young Liberals/Rhyddfrydwr Ifanc Cymru</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Related_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Group" title="Beveridge Group">Beveridge Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Christian_Forum" title="Liberal Democrat Christian Forum">Christian Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Friends_of_Israel" title="Liberal Democrat Friends of Israel">Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Friends_of_Turkey" title="Liberal Democrat Friends of Turkey">Friends of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_History_Group" title="Liberal Democrat History Group">History Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Reform" title="Liberal Reform">Liberal Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Forum" title="Social Liberal Forum">Social Liberal Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="History_and_related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Headquarters_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrat Headquarters (UK)">Liberal Democrat Headquarters (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberal_Democrat_MPs" title="List of Liberal Democrat MPs">List of MPs (past and present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberal_Party_and_Liberal_Democrats_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Liberal Party and Liberal Democrats (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Limehouse Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glee_Club_(UK_politics)" title="Glee Club (UK politics)">Glee Club (UK politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_(song)" title="The Land (song)">The Land (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberator_(magazine)" title="Liberator (magazine)">Liberator (magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Club" title="National Liberal Club">National Liberal Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peelite" title="Peelite">Peelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Party" title="Scottish Liberal Party">Scottish Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Coupon" title="Coalition Coupon">Coalition Coupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1918)" title="Independent Liberal Party (UK, 1918)">Independent Liberal Party (Asquith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1922)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1922)">National Liberal Party (Lloyd George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(UK,_1931)" title="Independent Liberals (UK, 1931)">Independent Liberals (Lloyd George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">National Liberal Party ("Simonites")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact" title="Lib–Lab pact">Lib–Lab pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaigning_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum#Liberal_Leave" title="Campaigning in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Liberal Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_more_heave" title="One more heave">One more heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southport_Resolution" title="Southport Resolution">Southport Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Orange_Book" title="The Orange Book">The Orange Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93Liberal_Democrat_coalition_agreement" title="Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement">Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Fair_Deal" title="For a Fair Deal">For a Fair Deal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Breakaway_parties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Breakaway parties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK,_1989)" title="Liberal Party (UK, 1989)">Liberal Party (UK, 1989)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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