Gelombang - Wikipédia Sunda, énsiklopédi bébas

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="su" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gelombang - Wikipédia Sunda, énsiklopédi bébas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )suwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Pébruari","Maret","April","Méi","Juni","Juli","Agustus","Séptémber","Oktober","Nopémber","Désémber"],"wgRequestId":"2697b902-70c6-470c-9103-e9c9cdffaa75","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gelombang","wgTitle":"Gelombang","wgCurRevisionId":626915,"wgRevisionId":626915,"wgArticleId":24475,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Fisika","Konsép fisika dasar","Sasaruaan diferensial parsial","Gelombang"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"su","wgPageContentLanguage":"su","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gelombang","wgRelevantArticleId":24475,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true, "wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"su","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"su"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q37172","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready", "user.options":"loading","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.CurIDLink","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession", "wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=su&modules=ext.math.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=su&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=su&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/1200px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="825"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/800px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="550"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/640px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="440"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gelombang - Wikipédia Sunda, énsiklopédi bébas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//su.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Édit" href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (su)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//su.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.su"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Eupan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:AnyarRobah&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gelombang rootpage-Gelombang skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Lompat ke isi</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sumputkeun</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pituduh </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tepas" title="Sindang ka Tepas [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tepas</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Panglawungan" title="Ngeunaan proyékna, naon nu bisa dipigawé, di mana néanganana"><span>Panglawungan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keur_lumangsung" title="Panggihan iber ngeunaan naon baé nu keur lumangsung"><span>Keur lumangsung</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Husus:AnyarRobah" title="Béréndélan nu anyar robah dina wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Anyar robah</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Husus:Acak" title="Muatkeun kaca acak [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Kaca acak</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pitulung" title="Tempat pikeun néangan pitulung"><span>Pitulung</span></a></li><li id="n-Sawala" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sawala"><span>Sawala</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tepas" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Énsiklopédi Bébas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-su.svg" width="110" height="16" style="width: 6.875em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Husus:Sungsi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Sungsi wiki ieu [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Paluruh</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Paluruh Wikipedia" aria-label="Paluruh Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Sungsi wiki ieu [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Husus:Sungsi"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Paluruh</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Parabot pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Pidangan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pidangan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pidangan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_su.wikipedia.org&uselang=su" class=""><span>Derma</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:NyieunRekening&returnto=Gelombang" title="Najan henteu kudu, Anjeun leuwih hadé nyieun akun sarta asup log" class=""><span>Jieun akun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:AsupLog&returnto=Gelombang" title="Leuwih hadé asup log, sok sanajan teu wajib [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Asup log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Parabot pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Parabot pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_su.wikipedia.org&uselang=su"><span>Derma</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:NyieunRekening&returnto=Gelombang" title="Najan henteu kudu, Anjeun leuwih hadé nyieun akun sarta asup log"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Jieun akun</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:AsupLog&returnto=Gelombang" title="Leuwih hadé asup log, sok sanajan teu wajib [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Asup log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Pitulung:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Husus:KontribusiKuring" title="Daptar éditan nu dijieun ti ieu alamat IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Husus:ObrolanKuring" title="Sawala ngeunaan éditan ti alamat IP ieu [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Obrolan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Eusi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eusi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sumputkeun</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mimiti</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Gambaran_sacara_matematik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gambaran_sacara_matematik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Gambaran sacara matematik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gambaran_sacara_matematik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Gambaran sacara matematik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gambaran_sacara_matematik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Panjang_gelombang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panjang_gelombang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Panjang gelombang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panjang_gelombang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Périoda_jeung_frékuénsi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Périoda_jeung_frékuénsi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Périoda jeung frékuénsi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Périoda_jeung_frékuénsi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frékuénsi_sudut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frékuénsi_sudut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Frékuénsi sudut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frékuénsi_sudut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gelombang_éléktromagnétik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gelombang_éléktromagnétik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Gelombang éléktromagnétik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gelombang_éléktromagnétik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Gelombang éléktromagnétik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gelombang_éléktromagnétik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cahaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cahaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cahaya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cahaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gelombang_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gelombang_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Gelombang radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gelombang_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rumus-rumus_Gelombang_Éléktromagnétik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rumus-rumus_Gelombang_Éléktromagnétik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rumus-rumus Gelombang Éléktromagnétik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rumus-rumus_Gelombang_Éléktromagnétik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Eusi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gelombang</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 104 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 basa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(fisika)" title="Golf (fisika) – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Golf (fisika)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_(fisica)" title="Onda (fisica) – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Onda (fisica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9" title="موجة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%93%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%90" title="ܓܠܠܐ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܓܠܠܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="الموجات – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الموجات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dal%C4%9Fa_(fizika)" title="Dalğa (fizika) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dalğa (fizika)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хваля – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хваля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хваля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хваля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вълна – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вълна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97" title="তরঙ্গ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তরঙ্গ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talas" title="Talas – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Talas" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ona" title="Ona – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ona" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84" title="شەپۆل – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەپۆل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Vlnění – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vlnění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хум – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хум" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton" title="Ton – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lge" title="Bølge – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bølge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welle" title="Welle – Jérman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Welle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jérman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Κύμα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κύμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave" title="Wave – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wave" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondo" title="Ondo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ondo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laine" title="Laine – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhin" title="Uhin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uhin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="موج – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalto_(fysiikka)" title="Aalto (fysiikka) – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aalto (fysiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ua" title="Ua – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ua" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onde" title="Onde – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Onde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waag" title="Waag – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Waag" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_(f%C3%ADsica)" title="Onda (física) – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Onda (física)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9C" title="גל – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val" title="Val – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Val" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onn" title="Onn – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Onn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull%C3%A1m" title="Hullám – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hullám" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալիքներ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալիքներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondo" title="Ondo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ondo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bylgja" title="Bylgja – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bylgja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%95" title="波動 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="波動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/boxna" title="boxna – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="boxna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="ტალღა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტალღა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D2%9B%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Толқын – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Толқын" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97" title="ತರಂಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತರಂಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%8F%99" title="파동 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AAl" title="Pêl – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pêl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Толкун – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Толкун" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unda" title="Unda – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Unda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(natuurkunde)" title="Golf (natuurkunde) – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Golf (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banga" title="Banga – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Banga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C4%BC%C5%86i" title="Viļņi – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Viļņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бран – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бран" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="തരംഗം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തരംഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="तरंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तरंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelombang" title="Gelombang – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gelombang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="လှိုင်း – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လှိုင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClg_(Physik)" title="Bülg (Physik) – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bülg (Physik)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="अलै (सन् २००३या संकिपा) – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अलै (सन् २००३या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf_(natuurkunde)" title="Golf (natuurkunde) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Golf (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lgje" title="Bølgje – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bølgje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8lge" title="Bølge – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bølge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਛੱਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਛੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fala" title="Fala – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fala" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%81%D8%B1" title="لہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%85%D9%BE%D9%87" title="څپه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="څپه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda" title="Onda – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Onda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillunya" title="Pillunya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pillunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Und%C4%83" title="Undă – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Undă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Габа – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Габа" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Волна – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Волна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Вовнїня – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вовнїня" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waw_(science)" title="Waw (science) – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Waw (science)" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val" title="Val – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Val" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%E1%B8%8D%E1%B8%8Danga" title="Taḍḍanga – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taḍḍanga" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_(physics)" title="Wave (physics) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wave (physics)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlnenie" title="Vlnenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlnenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valovanje" title="Valovanje – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Valovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaisai" title="Masaisai – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Masaisai" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowjad" title="Mowjad – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Mowjad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallga" title="Dallga – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dallga" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Талас (физика) – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Талас (физика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5gr%C3%B6relse" title="Vågrörelse – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vågrörelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbi" title="Wimbi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wimbi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="அலை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="తరంగము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తరంగము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="คลื่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คลื่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alon" title="Alon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalga_(fizik)" title="Dalga (fizik) – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dalga (fizik)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хвиля – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хвиля" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC" title="موج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%CA%BBlqinlar" title="Toʻlqinlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Toʻlqinlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3ng" title="Sóng – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sóng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balud" title="Balud – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Balud" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="波" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A2" title="כוואליע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כוואליע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波 – Tiongkok" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tiongkok" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2" title="波 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="波" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pho-t%C5%8Dng" title="Pho-tōng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pho-tōng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%8B%95" title="波動 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="波動" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37172#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Édit tutumbu antarbasa" class="wbc-editpage">Édit tutumbu</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ngaranspasi"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gelombang" title="Témbongkeun eusi kaca [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Kaca</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Obrolan:Gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Sawala ngeunaan eusi kaca (kaca can aya) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Sawala</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Sunda</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Témbongan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gelombang"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&veaction=edit" title="Édit ieu kaca [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Édit</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Édit sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=history" title="Vérsi heubeul ieu kaca [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Témbongkeun jujutan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Parabot" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Parabot</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Parabot</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sumputkeun</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gelombang"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&veaction=edit" title="Édit ieu kaca [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Édit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Édit sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=history"><span>Témbongkeun jujutan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Husus:NumbuKaDieu/Gelombang" title="Béréndélan sakabéh kaca wiki anu nutumbu ka dieu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Anu nutumbu ka dieu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Husus:ParobahanPatali/Gelombang" rel="nofollow" title="Anu anyar robah dina kaca-kaca anu nutumbu ti dieu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Parobahan nu patali</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=su" title="Unjal berkas [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Unjal berkas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Husus:KacaHusus" title="Daptar sadaya kaca husus [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Kaca husus</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&oldid=626915" title="Tutumbu permanén ka ieu ieu vérsi"><span>Tutumbu permanén</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=info" title="Informasi leuwih jero ngeunaan ieu kaca"><span>Émbaran kaca</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:Kutip&page=Gelombang&id=626915&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Émbaran ngeunaan cara ngarujuk kaca ieu"><span>Cutat ieu artikel</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGelombang"><span>URL pondok</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGelombang"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Citak/ékspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gelombang"><span>Jieun hiji pustaka</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Husus:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gelombang&action=show-download-screen"><span>Undeur minangka PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&printable=yes" title="Vérsi citakeun ieu kaca [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Vérsi citakeun</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Di proyék lianna </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wave" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37172" title="Tutumbu ka item gudang data anu nyambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Pidangan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pidangan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sumputkeun</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ti Wikipédia Sunda, énsiklopédi bébas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="su" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/300px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/450px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg/600px-2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang_beungeut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelombang beungeut (kaca can aya)">Gelombang beungeut</a> <a href="/wiki/Cai" title="Cai">cai</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gelombang</b> mangrupa hiji gangguan anu ngarambat ngaliwatan rohangan jeung waktu, sarta biasana dibarengan ku pamindahan <a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergi" title="Énergi">énergi</a>. Gelombang mékanik hadir dina hiji médium (mangsa lumangsung parobahan bentuk médium, mampuh ngahasilkeun gaya-gaya élastis nu ngabalikkeun deui bentuk ka asalna). Gelombang tina radiasi éléktromagnétik (sarta mungkin radiasi gravitasional) bisa ngarambat dina <a href="/wiki/Rohangan_hapa" title="Rohangan hapa">rohangan hapa</a>, nyaéta tanpa médium. Gelombang ngaliwat sarta mindahkeun énergi ti hiji titik ka titik lianna, malah mindeng dibarengan ku saeutik pamindahan partikel médium atawa henteu permanén (nyaéta saeutik atawa tanpa pangangkutan massa); tapi aya osilasi di sabudeureun lokasi-lokasi tinangtu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gambaran_sacara_matematik">Gambaran sacara matematik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Édit bab: Gambaran sacara matematik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gambaran sacara matematik"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Wave.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Wave.png/400px-Wave.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Wave.png 1.5x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Ditingali tina matematika, gelombang anu paling primitif (atawa dasar) nyaéta gelombang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harmonik (kaca can aya)">harmonik</a> (sinusoidal) anu digambarkeun ku rumus f(x,t) = Asin(wt-kx)), di mana A mangrupa <b><a href="/wiki/Amplitudo" title="Amplitudo">amplitudo</a></b> gelombang - sahiji ukuran gangguan maksimum dina jero médium salila hiji siklus gelombang (jarak maksimum titik pangluhurna ti titk kasaimbangan). Dina ilustrasi di sabeulah katuhu, amplitudo mangrupa jarak vértikal maksimum antara garis dasar jeung gelombang. Unit (hijian) amplitudo gumantung kana jinis gelombang— gelombang senar miboga amplitudo anu dinyatakeun dina jarak (meter), gelombang sora dinyatakeun dina tekanan (pascals) sarta gelombang éléktromagnétik dinyatakeun dina (volts/meter). Amplitudo bisa waé tetep (dina hal ieu gelombang mangrupa sahiji gelombang sinambung<i>c.w.</i> atawa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Continuous_wave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Continuous wave (kaca can aya)">continuous wave</a></i>), atawa bisa ogé robah-robah (variasi) nurutkeun waktu jeung / atawa posisi. Wangunan variasi amplitudo disebut <i>amplop</i> gelombang. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Simple_harmonic_oscillator.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Simple_harmonic_oscillator.gif" decoding="async" width="116" height="359" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="116" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Osilasi sistem per-massa di sabudeureun titik imbangna mangrupa sahiji gelombang sinus.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/220px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/330px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif/440px-Simple_harmonic_motion_animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="242" /></a><figcaption>Gelombang bisa digambarkeun ku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerak_harmonik_saderhana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerak harmonik saderhana (kaca can aya)">gerak harmonik saderhana</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Panjang_gelombang">Panjang gelombang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Édit bab: Panjang gelombang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Panjang gelombang"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Panjang gelombang</b> (dilambangkeun ku <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b43d0ea3c9c025af1be9128e62a18fa74bedda2a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda }"></span>) mangrupa jarak antara dua puncak (atawa jurang) anu ngaréndéng. Panjang gelombang umumna boga hijian méter; gelombang cahaya dina <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9ktrum_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ktromagn%C3%A9tik" title="Spéktrum éléktromagnétik">spéktrum éléktromagnétik</a> umumna diukur maké hijian ukuran panjang nanométer. </p><p><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomergelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomergelombang (kaca can aya)">Nomergelombang</a></b> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}"></span> bisa dikaitkeun jeung panjang gelombang ku rumus: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k={\frac {2\pi }{\lambda }}.\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mi>λ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k={\frac {2\pi }{\lambda }}.\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e8b858ae49fc5c3beb98faac0b0d361befc3b35" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.674ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k={\frac {2\pi }{\lambda }}.\,}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Périoda_jeung_frékuénsi"><span id="P.C3.A9rioda_jeung_fr.C3.A9ku.C3.A9nsi"></span>Périoda jeung frékuénsi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Édit bab: Périoda jeung frékuénsi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Périoda jeung frékuénsi"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9ku%C3%A9nsi" title="Frékuénsi">Frékuénsi</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><b>Périoda</b> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}"></span> nyaéta waktu anu diperlukeun pikeun gelombang ngayun bulak-balik dina sahiji siklus. <b><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9ku%C3%A9nsi" title="Frékuénsi">Frékuénsi</a></b> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span> (ogé mindeng dilambangkeun ku<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nu }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ν</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nu }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c15bbbb971240cf328aba572178f091684585468" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.232ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nu }"></span>) nyaéta sabaraha loba périoda per hijian waktu (contona dina sadetik) sarta dikur maké hijian <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a>. Ieu dirumuskeun ku: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f={\frac {1}{T}}.\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f={\frac {1}{T}}.\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/89533dc4b7b1a4156843ec72dac86410fd4fa014" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:7.883ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f={\frac {1}{T}}.\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Dina kalimah lain bisa ogé dinyatakeun yén frékuénsi jeung périoda gelombang silih balik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frékuénsi_sudut"><span id="Fr.C3.A9ku.C3.A9nsi_sudut"></span>Frékuénsi sudut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Édit bab: Frékuénsi sudut" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Frékuénsi sudut"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Frékuénsi sudut</b> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48eff443f9de7a985bb94ca3bde20813ea737be8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega }"></span> ngagambarkeun frékuénsi dina terminologi radian per detik. Frékuénsi sudut dihubungkeun jeung frékuénsi ku rumus: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f={\frac {2\pi }{T}}.\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ω</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> </mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f={\frac {2\pi }{T}}.\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b5f2414f5214a43ea0cf761ba8603b6dee6ed374" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:15.78ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f={\frac {2\pi }{T}}.\,}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Aya dua rupa laju dina gelombang téh. Anu kahiji nyaéta <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laju_fase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laju fase (kaca can aya)">laju fase</a></b>, anu ngagambarkeun sabaraha loba gelombang anu ngarambat tiap detik, anu dirumuskeun ku: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{p}={\frac {\omega }{k}}={\lambda }f.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>ω</mi> <mi>k</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>λ</mi> </mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{p}={\frac {\omega }{k}}={\lambda }f.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4826e492c741e7896230e44d4ff36a331adab4a2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:13.946ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{p}={\frac {\omega }{k}}={\lambda }f.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Anu kadua nyaéta <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laju_grup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laju grup (kaca can aya)">laju grup</a></b>, anu ngagambarkeun laju informasi anu bisa dikirim ku gelombang. Ieu dirumuskeun ku: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v_{g}={\frac {\partial \omega }{\partial k}}.\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>g</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>ω</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>.</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v_{g}={\frac {\partial \omega }{\partial k}}.\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b60c45485e8f2ad555c20a98c99afd878929606" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:9.881ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v_{g}={\frac {\partial \omega }{\partial k}}.\,}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gelombang_éléktromagnétik"><span id="Gelombang_.C3.A9l.C3.A9ktromagn.C3.A9tik"></span>Gelombang éléktromagnétik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Édit bab: Gelombang éléktromagnétik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gelombang éléktromagnétik"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Gelombang éléktromagnétik (ÉM)</b> nyaéta kabéh gelombang anu dihasilkeun tina interaksi antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9dan_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Médan listrik (kaca can aya)">médan listrik</a> jeung <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9dan_magn%C3%A9t&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Médan magnét (kaca can aya)">médan magnét</a>. Kumpulan gelombang ÉM ti mimiti nu panjangna rébuan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilom%C3%A9ter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilométer (kaca can aya)">kilométer</a> tepi ka nu sapondok ukuran <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atom</a> ngawangun spéktrum anu disebut spéktrum gelombang éléktromagnétik. Umumna disebutkeun yén gelombang ÉM anu panjangna di luar wates-wates kasebut henteu lumrah, sanajan anggapan ieu henteu sakabéhna bener. Wates gelombang pondok kamungkinan mangrupa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang_Planck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelombang Planck (kaca can aya)">gelombang Planck</a>, ari wates paling panjang saukuran jeung jagat raya (tingali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmologi_fisika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmologi fisika (kaca can aya)">kosmologi fisika</a>), sanajan dina dasarna spéktrum téh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taya_hinggana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taya hinggana (kaca can aya)">taya hinggana</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Energi" class="mw-redirect" title="Energi">Energi</a> éléktromagnétik dina hiji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjang_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panjang gelombang (kaca can aya)">panjang gelombang</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lambda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lambda (kaca can aya)">λ</a> (dina <a href="/wiki/Rohangan_b%C3%A9bas" title="Rohangan bébas">rohangan bébas</a>) miboga sahiji <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9ku%C3%A9nsi" title="Frékuénsi">frékuénsi</a> <i>f</i> jeung <a href="/wiki/Energi" class="mw-redirect" title="Energi">energi</a> <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a> <i>E</i>. Jadi, spéktrum gelombang éléktromagnétik bisa dinyatakeun dina tilu kuantitas ieu. Katilu kuantitas ieu dihubungkeun ku rumus: </p> <dl><dd><i>laju gelombang</i> (<i>c</i>) = <i>frékuénsi</i> x <i>panjang gelombang</i></dd></dl> <p>atawa </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {c}{f}}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>c</mi> <mi>f</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {c}{f}}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e2496fb8df7091f3561ad8e386d408b8b42aacac" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:6.956ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \lambda ={\frac {c}{f}}\,\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>jeung </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E=hf\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>h</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E=hf\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0889fca6ef788beeef5c5fb9d8674e878c3eceef" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:7.879ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E=hf\,\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>atawa </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E={\frac {hc}{\lambda }}\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>h</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mi>λ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E={\frac {hc}{\lambda }}\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a678d8d032cf9c966569127bb91924ada8f5466c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:8.443ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E={\frac {hc}{\lambda }}\,\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>di mana: </p> <ul><li><i>c</i> nyaéta <a href="/wiki/Laju_cahaya" title="Laju cahaya">laju cahaya</a>, 299,792,458 m/s (pasti).</li> <li><i>h</i> nyaéta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstanta_Planck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstanta Planck (kaca can aya)">konstanta Planck</a></li></ul> <p>Jadi, dumasar kana éta rumus, gelombang éléktromagnétik dina frékuénsi gancang (atawa luhur) miboga panjang gelombang nu pondok jeun énérgi anu gedé; sedengkeun gelombang éléktromagnétik dina frékuénsi laun (handap) miboga panjang gelombang anu panjang sarta énérgi anu saeutik. </p><p>Mangsa gelombang cahaya (jeung gelombang éléktromagnétik lianna) asup kana sahiji médiyeum, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panjang_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panjang gelombang (kaca can aya)">panjang gelombangna</a> ngurangan. Panjang gelombang éléktromagnétik, teu paduli médiyeum naon anu diliwatanna, biasana dirumuskeun dikaitkeun jeung panjang gelombang dina <a href="/wiki/Rohangan_b%C3%A9bas" title="Rohangan bébas">rohangan bébas</a>, sanajan hal ieu teu salawasna dinyatakeun sacara jelas. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:EM_spectrum.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/EM_spectrum.svg/490px-EM_spectrum.svg.png" decoding="async" width="490" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/EM_spectrum.svg/735px-EM_spectrum.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/EM_spectrum.svg/980px-EM_spectrum.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>Spéktrum ÉM di mana cahaya mangrupa bagian tina gelombang ÉM</figcaption></figure> <p>Umumna, dumasar panjang gelombangna, gelombang ÉM digolongkeun kana gelombang-gelombang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Energi_listrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Energi listrik (kaca can aya)">energi listrik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_mikro" title="Gelombang mikro">gelombang mikro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infrabeureum" title="Infrabeureum">infrabeureum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cahaya_kat%C3%A9mbong" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahaya katémbong">cahaya katémbong</a> anu karasa ku urang sabagé cahaya, <a href="/wiki/Ultraviol%C3%A9t" title="Ultraviolét">ultraviolét</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinar-X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinar-X (kaca can aya)">sinar-X</a> jeung <a href="/wiki/Sinar_gamma" title="Sinar gamma">sinar gamma</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cahaya">Cahaya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Édit bab: Cahaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Cahaya"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Gelombang ÉM dina panjang gelombang antara kira-kira 400 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanom%C3%A9ter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanométer (kaca can aya)">nm</a> jeung 700 nm katangkep ku <a href="/wiki/Mata" class="mw-redirect" title="Mata">mata</a> <a href="/wiki/Manusa" title="Manusa">manusa</a> sarta karasa sabagé <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> nu katénjo. Panjang gelombang lianna, husuna anu deukeut ka gelombang beureum infra (nu leuwih panjang ti 700 nm) jeung ultraviolét (nu leuwih pondok to 400 nm) ogé kadang-kadang disebut sabagé cahaya. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Serat_optik" title="Serat optik">Serat optik</a> ngarambatkeun cahaya anu bisa ditumpangan data sora atawa gambar. Prosésna sarupa jeung anu digunakeun dina ngarambatkeun gelombang radio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gelombang_radio">Gelombang radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Édit bab: Gelombang radio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gelombang radio"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="margin-bottom:0.7em; font-style:italic; text-align:center; font-size:100%; padding:1x 0 1px 24px; overflow:hidden; vertical-align:middle; line-height:1em; background:#ffffff;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.5px; vertical-align:middle; width:1em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Gambar:Emoji_u1f50d.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/15px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/23px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Emoji_u1f50d.svg/30px-Emoji_u1f50d.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td> <span style="font-size:103%;"><i>Artikel utama</i>:</span> <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9ku%C3%A9nsi_radio" title="Frékuénsi radio">frékuénsi radio</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Gelombang radio bisa dimangfaatkeun pikeun mawa informasi ku cara ngarobah-robah <a href="/wiki/Amplitudo" title="Amplitudo">amplitudo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9ku%C3%A9nsi" title="Frékuénsi">frékuénsi</a> jeung <a href="/wiki/Fase" class="mw-disambig" title="Fase">fase</a> dina sahiji <a href="/wiki/Pita_fr%C3%A9ku%C3%A9nsi" title="Pita frékuénsi">pita frékuénsi</a>. </p><p>Mangsa rambatan gelombang ÉM asup kana <a href="/wiki/Konduktor_listrik" title="Konduktor listrik">konduktor</a>, rambatan ÉM ngaraksuk kana konduktor, ngaliwatan, jeung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ngabangkitkeun_fr%C3%A9ku%C3%A9nsi_radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ngabangkitkeun frékuénsi radio (kaca can aya)">ngabangkitkeun</a> arus listrik dina beungeut konduktor ku cara ngagerakkeun éléktron-éléktron material konduktor. Éfék ieu (éfék kulit atawa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skin_effect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skin effect (kaca can aya)">skin effect</a>) digunakeun dina anteneu. Pancaran gelombang ÉM ogé bisa ngabalukarkeun molékul-molékul nyerep énérgi jeung saterusna jadi panas; cara ieu digunakeun dina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oven_microwave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oven microwave (kaca can aya)">oven microwave</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rumus-rumus_Gelombang_Éléktromagnétik"><span id="Rumus-rumus_Gelombang_.C3.89l.C3.A9ktromagn.C3.A9tik"></span>Rumus-rumus Gelombang Éléktromagnétik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Édit bab: Rumus-rumus Gelombang Éléktromagnétik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>édit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Rumus-rumus Gelombang Éléktromagnétik"><span>édit sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gelombang éléktromagnétik salaku hiji fénomena umum ditorah ku hukum-hukum klasik ngeunaan <a href="/wiki/Listrik" title="Listrik">listrik</a> jeung <i>magnétisme</i>, anu katelah sabagé <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumus-rumus_Maxwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumus-rumus Maxwell (kaca can aya)">rumus-rumus Maxwell</a>. Lamun urang mariksa rumus-rumus Maxwell tanpa sumber (muatan listrik atawa arus listrik) mangka urang bakal meunangkeun jawaban <i>nontrivial</i> tina médan listrik jeung médan magnét anu robah-robah. Dimimitian ku rumus Maxwell pikeun hiji rohangan hapa: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} =0\qquad \qquad \qquad \ \ (1)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} =0\qquad \qquad \qquad \ \ (1)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3b293350e73c378eaa8c465ee9024040d7b9a4d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.702ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} =0\qquad \qquad \qquad \ \ (1)}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\mathbf {B} \qquad \qquad (2)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\mathbf {B} \qquad \qquad (2)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2620720d86480027ef5706fdf22922e03ccc79f7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:28.597ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\mathbf {B} \qquad \qquad (2)}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {B} =0\qquad \qquad \qquad \ \ (3)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {B} =0\qquad \qquad \qquad \ \ (3)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f2b60e65a906bd678330f29b6c49d3765d5637e5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.846ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {B} =0\qquad \qquad \qquad \ \ (3)}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\mathbf {E} \qquad \ \ \ (4)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="2em" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\mathbf {E} \qquad \ \ \ (4)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8585cb4c76bebdfe8fb58b6bdece25fb113c26c5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:28.34ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\mathbf {E} \qquad \ \ \ (4)}"></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>di mana <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a3d0e93b78c50237f9ea83d027e4ebbdaef354b2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.936ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla }"></span> mangrupa hiji operator <i>diférensial</i> <i>véktor</i> (tempo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Del&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Del (kaca can aya)">Del</a>).</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Hiji jawaban, </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =\mathbf {B} =\mathbf {0} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn mathvariant="bold">0</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =\mathbf {B} =\mathbf {0} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/408baaf98ee0abb73d2d0e457e81d5f77b0e816e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:11.192ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =\mathbf {B} =\mathbf {0} }"></span>,</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>nyaéta <i>trivial</i>. </p><p>Pikeun nempo hiji deui jawaban anu leuwih narik haté, urang ngagunakeun <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_vector_identities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of vector identities (kaca can aya)">identitas véktor</a>, anu lumaku pikeun satiap <i>véktor</i>, saperti kieu: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {A} \right)=\nabla \left(\nabla \cdot \mathbf {A} \right)-\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {A} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">A</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {A} \right)=\nabla \left(\nabla \cdot \mathbf {A} \right)-\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {A} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3707ccba6d506d7a5a9346f1f60a241b461b14b6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:34.097ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {A} \right)=\nabla \left(\nabla \cdot \mathbf {A} \right)-\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {A} }"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Pikeun nempo kumaha urang bisa ngagunakeun ieu, paké <i>curl</i> tina rumus (2): </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {E} \right)=\nabla \times \left(-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}\right)\qquad \qquad \qquad \quad \ \ \ (5)\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>5</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {E} \right)=\nabla \times \left(-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}\right)\qquad \qquad \qquad \quad \ \ \ (5)\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/02a44264f8bbf3f5c8fd64f919c110d142db00cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:52.024ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {E} \right)=\nabla \times \left(-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}\right)\qquad \qquad \qquad \quad \ \ \ (5)\,}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Ku cara ngitung sisi kénca: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {E} \right)=\nabla \left(\nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} \right)-\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} =-\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} \qquad \quad \ (6)\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="2em" /> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {E} \right)=\nabla \left(\nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} \right)-\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} =-\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} \qquad \quad \ (6)\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fcbe664e17889c7df51398e8c1202dcac186821f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:53.87ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(\nabla \times \mathbf {E} \right)=\nabla \left(\nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} \right)-\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} =-\nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} \qquad \quad \ (6)\,}"></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>di mana urang nyaderhanakeun anu di luhur ku cara ngagunakeun rumus (1).</dd></dl> <p>Itung sisi katuhu: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}\right)=-{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\left(\nabla \times \mathbf {B} \right)=-\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial ^{2}t}}\mathbf {E} \qquad (7)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mspace width="2em" /> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}\right)=-{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\left(\nabla \times \mathbf {B} \right)=-\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial ^{2}t}}\mathbf {E} \qquad (7)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4165b1acfee71320451d43bbc0684475b0be5ec4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:53.643ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \left(-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}\right)=-{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\left(\nabla \times \mathbf {B} \right)=-\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial ^{2}t}}\mathbf {E} \qquad (7)}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Rumus (6) jeung (7) sarua, sahingga ieu ngahasilkeun hiji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumus_diferensial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumus diferensial (kaca can aya)">rumus diferensial</a> nu miboga harga <i>vektor</i> pikeun médan listrik, nyaéta: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table cellpadding="2" style="border:2px solid #ccccff"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} =\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\mathbf {E} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} =\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\mathbf {E} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/efce49ec32b13fead466fe8ffe81e08ad4104357" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:18.105ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}\mathbf {E} =\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\mathbf {E} }"></span> </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Ku cara nerapkeun pola anu sarupa ngahasilkeun rumus <i>diférensial</i> pikeun médan magnét: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><table cellpadding="2" style="border:2px solid #ccccff"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}\mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\mathbf {B} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}\mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\mathbf {B} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3dd0390fd9831e1be0ac5a54184928941ff29317" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:18.393ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}\mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\mathbf {B} }"></span>. </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Rumus-rumus <i>diférensial</i> ieu sapadan jeung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumus_gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumus gelombang (kaca can aya)">rumus gelombang</a>: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}f={\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}f}{\partial t^{2}}}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>f</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}f={\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}f}{\partial t^{2}}}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be253df779a6a8c47619de7c4a13c2c8c1ea9a12" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:15.164ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}f={\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}f}{\partial t^{2}}}\,}"></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>di mana <dl><dd><i>c</i> mangrupa laju gelombang sarta</dd> <dd><i>f</i> ngagambarkeun pamindahan tempat</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Atawa sacara leuwih saderhana: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Box ^{2}f=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>◻</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Box ^{2}f=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/71e21bac980234962925dc9c62d8e6dc0e910886" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.402ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Box ^{2}f=0}"></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd>di mana <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Box ^{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>◻</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Box ^{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9c8b61cfde8a0bfe51400e27f07d43ef2be23b5b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Box ^{2}}"></span> mangrupa <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%27Alembert_operator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D'Alembert operator (kaca can aya)">d'Alembertian</a>: <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Box ^{2}=\nabla ^{2}-{\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}={\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial z^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\ }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>◻</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msup> <mi>t</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Box ^{2}=\nabla ^{2}-{\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}={\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial z^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\ }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32f02140aef5fc4434163df9ac161333cec2dbfa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:51.088ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Box ^{2}=\nabla ^{2}-{\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}={\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial y^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial z^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial t^{2}}}\ }"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>Perhatikeun yén dina kasus médan listrik katut médan magnét, lajuna: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle c={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>c</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msqrt> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </msqrt> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle c={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f2bc3b4590147cc2285044e0261f1c5502a4b620" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.838ex; width:11.332ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle c={\frac {1}{\sqrt {\mu _{0}\epsilon _{0}}}}}"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>di mana, saperti katempo, mangrupa <a href="/wiki/Laju_cahaya" title="Laju cahaya">laju cahaya</a>. Rumus Maxwell geus ngahijikeun permitivitas rohangan bébas <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ϵ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d2cae6289b0fe626d1f9472a3416ac73e87bc5a3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.998ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}}"></span>, perméabilitas rohangan bébas <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fe2fd9b8decb38a3cd158e7b6c0c6e2d987fefcc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:2.456ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}"></span>, sarta laju cahaya, c. Saméméh katimuna rumus ieu teu kanyahoan yén aya hiji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electromagnetic_wave_equation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electromagnetic wave equation (kaca can aya)">hubungan</a> kuat antara cahaya jeung listrik sarta <i>magnétisme</i> (gaya magnét). </p><p>Tapi masih aya dua rumus Maxwell deui. Coba tempo hiji gelombang <i>véktor</i> umum pikeun médan listrik. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =\mathbf {E} _{0}f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =\mathbf {E} _{0}f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/581799d2f6d648224508c9c0ea18de478188cc5d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:21.296ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} =\mathbf {E} _{0}f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Di dieu <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75ee4610a644d1b4e038ff152ef47f067925f722" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.811ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} _{0}}"></span> mangrupa amplitudo konstan, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}"></span> mangrupa satiap fungsi anu bisa <i>didiférensiasi</i>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {k} }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {k} }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/45c643fb60ea71542145705fe801c7ab8c769507" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.411ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {k} }}}"></span> mangrupa hiji <i>véktor</i> unit dina arah rambatan, sarta <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathbf {x} }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathbf {x} }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/750a6daa7582187413b3d235642845b024a24f81" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.411ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathbf {x} }}"></span>mangrupa hiji <i>véktor</i> posisi. Urang nempo yén <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e33b7879921a12d2c2497b9a5d0975a11bbaf4d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.629ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)}"></span> mangrupa hiji jawaban umum kana rumus gelombang. Dina kalimah lain </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)={\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial ^{2}t}}f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)={\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial ^{2}t}}f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5abc94d19258be4ab6dbd374a5d4c159e003f021" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:40.317ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)={\frac {1}{c^{2}}}{\frac {\partial ^{2}}{\partial ^{2}t}}f\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)}"></span>,</dd></dl> <p>pikeun gelombang anu ngarambat dina arah <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {k} }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {k} }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/45c643fb60ea71542145705fe801c7ab8c769507" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.411ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {\mathbf {k} }}}"></span>. </p><p>Wangun ieu bakal ngajawab rumus gelombang, tapi naha ieu bakal ngajawab sakabéh rumus Maxwell, sarta médan magnét naon anu pakait? </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {E} _{0}f'\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {E} _{0}f'\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a1d11c75cefd27efd68c2d01780c80c907f96b64" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:32.988ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {E} _{0}f'\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)=0}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \cdot {\hat {\mathbf {k} }}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \cdot {\hat {\mathbf {k} }}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a441e036c514c6b5f6df438980e3904b4de47f05" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:9.108ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \cdot {\hat {\mathbf {k} }}=0}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Rumus Maxwell nu kahiji nuduhkeun yén médan listrik <i>ortogonal</i> kana arah rambatan gelombang. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} ={\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\times \mathbf {E} _{0}f'\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)=-{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\mathbf {B} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">x</mi> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} ={\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\times \mathbf {E} _{0}f'\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)=-{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\mathbf {B} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/31f8109b49aa9805070239d6b582e66f9d25ef9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:40.852ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \nabla \times \mathbf {E} ={\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\times \mathbf {E} _{0}f'\left({\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\cdot \mathbf {x} -ct\right)=-{\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\mathbf {B} }"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {B} ={\frac {1}{c}}{\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\times \mathbf {E} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>c</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">k</mi> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {B} ={\frac {1}{c}}{\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\times \mathbf {E} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/11b554e4ba2d3a6a00499b95ef6e395c451eb7bd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:13.006ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {B} ={\frac {1}{c}}{\hat {\mathbf {k} }}\times \mathbf {E} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>Rumus Maxwell kadua ngahasilkeun médan magnét. Rumus-rumus anu nyésa bakal dijawab ku pilihan <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} ,\mathbf {B} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} ,\mathbf {B} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/96bb502fc68b1ff4b386faf29f284537f62bef7e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.692ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} ,\mathbf {B} }"></span>. </p><p>Médan listrik jeung médan magnét sajaba ngarambat dina laju cahaya, ogé boga oriéntasi sarta gedé anu proporsional anu kawates, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{0}=cB_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <msub> <mi>B</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{0}=cB_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c124ae22f7e7a63ccd6945a707b7cbea75011ade" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.693ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{0}=cB_{0}}"></span>, anu bisa ditempo langsung tina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poynting_vector&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poynting vector (kaca can aya)">Poynting vector</a>. Médan listrik, médan magnét, sarta arah rambatan gelombang kabéhanana <i>ortogonal</i>, sarta gelombang ngarambat dina arah anu sarua saperti <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \times \mathbf {B} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">E</mi> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">B</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \times \mathbf {B} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/117c8debce39b5b81f75d132abaa52acac189c3c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.498ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbf {E} \times \mathbf {B} }"></span>. </p><p>Lamun ditingali tina arah rambatan gelombang éléktromagnétik, médan listrik mungkin ngayunambing naék jeung turun, samentara médan magnét ngayunambing ka katuhu jeung ka kénca; tapi gambar éta bisa diputer sahingga médan listrik ngayunambing ka katuhu jeung ka kénca samentara médan magnét ngayunambing turun jeung naék. Hal ieu mangrupa jawaban lian pikeun gelombang anu ngarambat ka arah anu sarua. Kasambarangan <i>oriéntasi</i> ditingali ti arah rambatan disebut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarisasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polarisasi (kaca can aya)">polarisasi</a>. </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dicomot ti "<a dir="ltr" href="https://su.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&oldid=626915">https://su.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&oldid=626915</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Husus:Kategori" title="Husus:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Fisika" title="Kategori:Fisika">Fisika</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kons%C3%A9p_fisika_dasar" title="Kategori:Konsép fisika dasar">Konsép fisika dasar</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Sasaruaan_diferensial_parsial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Sasaruaan diferensial parsial (kaca can aya)">Sasaruaan diferensial parsial</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Gelombang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Gelombang (kaca can aya)">Gelombang</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kaca ieu panungtungan diédit 7 Juni 2022, jam 00.17.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Téks sadia dina <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisénsi Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; katangtuan tambahan kamungkinan lumaku. Témbong <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Katangtuan pamakéan</a> pikeun detailna.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Kawijakan privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ngeunaan">Ngeunaan Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bantahan_umum">Bantahan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kode Etik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pamekar</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/su.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Pernyataan réréméh</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//su.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gelombang&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Pidangan sélulér</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-ctx5l","wgBackendResponseTime":476,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.075","walltime":"0.268","ppvisitednodes":{"value":361,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1352,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":68,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1728,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4.240 1 -total"," 89.24% 3.784 3 Citakan:Utama"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-ctx5l","timestamp":"20241125095238","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gelombang","url":"https:\/\/su.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gelombang","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q37172","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q37172","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Kontributor dari proyek Wikimedia."},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-11-09T04:45:06Z","dateModified":"2022-06-07T00:17:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/43\/2006-01-14_Surface_waves.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Gelombang - Wikipédia Sunda, énsiklopédi bébas