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契约精神、尊重规则、SOP，对制造业来说是蜜糖还是毒药？ - SMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】
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border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"><img border="0" alt="1.jpg" src="http://www.citnews.com.cn/d/file/201903/91f4ed9621e9fa9b2535bf9e4d75866b.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; padding-bottom: 0px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; padding-right: 0px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: bottom; border-top: medium none; font-weight: normal; border-right: medium none; padding-top: 0px" /><span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"> 契约精神、尊重规则、执行SOP,这些词儿都天然带有光环，也有很多相关的好故事，全球范围内的企业家都对其推崇备至，摆出一副虔诚教徒的模样，事实上，缺乏契约精神、不遵守规则比之缺乏资本、丢掉订单更加不可接受。契约精神最早起源于西方国家，在社会学家看来，人生来就是不平等的，天赋、家境、教育程度都有着非常大的差异，但要实现和谐社会，就需要建立“契约”体系，在契约面前，人类是平等的，也容易找到行动的方针，久而久之，西方世界内形成了庞大而清醒的契约制度和执行规则。<span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"> 显然，欧美的企业非常重视契约精神，类似苹果、Google、奔驰这样的跨国企业，更是把契约精神转化成事无巨细的法律合同、品质要求以及作业规范指导书，也就是时下流行的SOP。与之相配合的亚洲制造企业，则常常处于“被要求”的状态，优秀的制造业遵守契约，强调按规则做事，100%执行SOP，不惜一切达成契约内容等等，如此理念成就了大多数的日本制造企业和小部分的中国企业，算得上一滴有营养的蜜糖，但同时，社会学家也注意到，当制造业，特别是制造业基层员工长期处于“执行SOP”的状态，他们的创造力和想象力就会被大大地抑制，导致企业创新乏力。此外，提要求的人常常是良莠不齐，经常抱着“求其上、得其中”的心态，漫天要价。如果制造业管理者没有清醒的头脑或守不住底线，则会出现成本激增、运营灾难等情况，契约精神在这个时候就真变成了毒药。<span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"> 荼毒契约，假数据让日本制造走下神坛<span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"> 日本制造一直是严谨、高品质的代名词，他们生产的马桶盖常遭遇中国游客的哄抢，在电子零部件、特种钢材方面都驰名全世界，有人评价说：遵守契约、尊重规则和执行SOP，成就了日本制造业的辉煌，但不幸的是，盛名之下其实难副，一桩桩的丑闻正在让日本制造走下神坛，更让人绝望的是，连日本制造都沦陷了，我们还能相信谁!<span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"> 2017年日本神户制刚被曝光，对一些钢材硬度的试验数据作假，以便使其“通过”客户的硬度要求，包括篡改钢丝绳拉伸强度的数据、汽车轴承钢材的硬度数据以及军工企业钢铁件的数据，大面积的假数据波及到500多家企业，其中不乏非常知名的跨国企业，涉及建筑工具、桥梁搭建、私家轿车以及军工制品等等，都是分分钟要人命的领域，更令人发指的是，神钢集团数据造假历史长达十年之久，据说越南有一座桥梁采用神钢的产品，还没有真正建成就塌陷了，也算是不幸中的万幸了。数据造假丑闻被爆光之后，神钢集团的高管们集体鞠躬致歉，就差剖腹自尽了，同时，消费者也展开热议：神钢数据作假十年之久，为什么现在才被曝光出来，客户要求或者业界标准是否过于严苛?<span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"> 首先笔者坚定地认为，神钢的数据门绝对是一件丑闻，是一个不可原谅的错误，数据门的性质没有任何辩驳的余地，但同时，我们也不妨从另外一个角度讨论该话题，可能会得出一些新的观点。神钢数据门持续十年之久，而未被发现，证明其所输出的钢材是可用的，最起码，在绝大多数情况下，没有大面积的恶性影响，但按照规格的数字要求，这些钢材又确实是不达标的，也就是说，一些“硬度不达标”的钢材支撑着全球500家企业长达十年之久，如此状况不禁使人反问：标准是否严谨呢?事实上，制造业还有一个词汇叫“品质过剩”，总有些客户抱着“求其上、得其中”的心态，给制造商提出一些“几乎达不成”的要求，美其名曰：最大限度地提升产品品质，而制造商也基本能知晓客户的心理，把“不达标”看作是理所应当的事儿，更具有诱惑力的是，制造业私自降低标准，会节约大量成本，神钢如果每年多报废几千吨的钢材，日常经营会遇到非常的麻烦，而私自降低标准的风险在于，“默认不达标”的状态在经年累月中有可能失控，况且，钢材关乎着人的生命安全。<span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"> 品质过剩，制造业最大的经营毒药<span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"> 或许，拿神钢举例讨论品质过剩有些不恰当，毕竟，人命关天的事儿，再怎么品质过剩都是应该的，而苹果之于iPhone品质的要求是否过程，则更有讨论的空间和价值，毕竟，电子产品的最大价值是提高生活效率，而非以奢侈品、艺术品示人，但如你所见，苹果一直都在把自己的手机当做奢侈品来销售，严苛的品质标准被翻译成中文、韩文、日本语、德语流传世界，苹果有着年薪最高的法律顾问，自然要把这些要求写到契约中、合同里，写进SOP中，而在设计整个品质体系时，相信有很多苹果的高管，也是本着“求其上，得其中”的心态，只是他们在把品质推向极限时，也常常引发一系列的恶果。<span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"> iPhone是电子产品却有着奢侈品的价格，如此价格不止于库克哄抬物价，更在于，他们在产业链上的投入非常大，而这一切都是在维护其过剩的品质。事实上，自iPhone4开始，苹果手机就变成一件“伪奢侈品”，实际上它就是一些“较好”的电子产品而已，没有限量版，也不承载文化和情怀，但这种奢侈品式的要求，会把iPhone的品质拉高到极致，但同时，也会伴随着品质要求过剩。供应商面对如此要求，常常需要花费巨大成本，又或者走一些捷径，造成品质乃至品牌的影响。<span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; border-bottom: 0px; text-align: justify; border-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; line-height: 30px; widows: 2; text-transform: none; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); list-style-type: none; font-style: normal; text-indent: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-style: none; outline-color: invert; padding-left: 0px; outline-width: medium; letter-spacing: 1px; padding-right: 0px; font-family: "Open Sans", Helvetica, Arial, "Liberation Sans", sans-serif; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; color: rgb(51,51,51); font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; border-top: 0px; font-weight: 400; border-right: 0px; word-spacing: 0px; padding-top: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit"> 为了使大尺寸的iPhone更像奢侈品，更像一面镜子，苹果把机身的厚度压缩到0.175px，非常炫酷，但这意味着电池和主基板的空间被大幅压缩，台积电要投资数十亿美元优化芯片工艺，三星则要把更多的电荷塞到更狭窄的电池内，依三星和台积电的雄厚资本，前期投入问题不大，却不能避免瑕疵品出货，事实上，CPU芯片发热、电池爆炸事件也让苹果品牌遭受了很大损失，此外，苹果早在2014年就考虑蓝宝石屏幕，供应商GATA希望借助iPhone的快车道攀上新的巅峰，和苹果签下生死契约，结果产品无法达到契约内的硬度要求，直接破产;而在iPhone7系列中，苹果又推出一款磨砂黑的产品，使得这款手机看上去像黑天鹅一样高贵，但如此表面非常容易出现划痕，只需抹布掺上一粒沙子，稍微用力就是一道划痕，这回要轮到富士康、昌硕遭殃了：按照契约要求，当出现0.3mm以上的瑕疵时，整个外框就要扔掉，产业链工人的肉眼常常看不到这些瑕疵，却成为代工商实实在在的成本，更加讽刺的是，华强北的商家专门低价回收瑕疵品，可变废为宝。此外，iPhone产业链上的经营困难还在于订单的不可预测性，正如前年iPhone X被一致看好，很多供应商都按照“契约”准备了大量的资源，包括物料、人力、土地、设备等等，甚至不惜贷款准备，但真正的订单却遭遇腰斩，一些零部件的厂商堆积大批的库存，一直到iPhone Xs都消耗不完，有些因资金断裂，全年都无法开工，这些即将倒闭的企业，是否还要坚持契约精神呢?<span style="display:none">fZeSMT技术网-China表面贴装技术-SMT表面贴装-SMT技术网【官网】</span></p> <center><img src="/AD/SMTfgx.gif"/ "/AD/smtjscn.jpg"/></center> <p><br> </p> <style> #cyPoll .vote_txtlist dd{ left: 50%; 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