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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American launch vehicle range</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Generalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article focuses only on <b>one specialized aspect of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Range_(USSF)&action=edit">improve this article</a> by adding general 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Space_program_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Space program of the United States">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding: 0 0.2em; font-size: 120%"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">United States space program</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/90px-NASA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/135px-NASA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/180px-NASA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="92" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg/90px-United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg/135px-United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg/180px-United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px; font-size: 95%"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">U.S. Space Force</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Human spaceflight programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle-Mir_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle-Mir Program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_program" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station program">International Space Station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Robotic spaceflight programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services" title="Commercial Resupply Services">CRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Logistics_Services" title="Gateway Logistics Services">GLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Strategic_Science_Missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Large Strategic Science Missions">Large Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_program" class="mw-redirect" title="New Millennium program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Planetary Missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office#Solar_System_Exploration" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Solar System Exploration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Vanguard" title="Project Vanguard">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">X-37</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Corps</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Spaceports</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Range" title="Eastern Range">Eastern Range</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral Space Force Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallops_Flight_Facility" title="Wallops Flight Facility">Wallops Flight Facility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport" title="Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport">Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Spaceport_Complex_%E2%80%93_Alaska" title="Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska">Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Western Range</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_orbital_launch_systems#United_States" title="List of orbital launch systems">Space launch vehicles</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Alpha" title="Firefly Alpha"><i>Alpha</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(rocket_family)" title="Minotaur (rocket family)">Minotaur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_I" title="Minotaur I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_III" title="Minotaur III"><i>III</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_IV" title="Minotaur IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_V" title="Minotaur V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur-C" title="Minotaur-C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">National security space</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">United States Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">United States Space Command</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Civil space</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">Department of Energy national laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Commercial_Space_Transportation" title="Office of Commercial Space Transportation">Office of Commercial Space Transportation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Satellite,_Data,_and_Information_Service" title="National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service">National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Space_Commerce" title="Office of Space Commerce">Office of Space Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Weather_Prediction_Center" title="Space Weather Prediction Center">Space Weather Prediction Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Economic_Growth,_Energy,_and_the_Environment" title="Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment">Department of State Office of Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Commercial space industry</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astra_(American_spaceflight_company)" title="Astra (American spaceflight company)">Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies">Ball Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Defense,_Space_%26_Security" title="Boeing Defense, Space & Security">Boeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Space" title="Lockheed Martin Space">Lockheed Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Intelligence_%26_Space" title="Raytheon Intelligence & Space">Raytheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Innovation_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems">Northrop Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSL_(company)" title="SSL (company)">SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_space_program_sidebar" title="Template:United States space program sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_space_program_sidebar" title="Template talk:United States space program sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_space_program_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States space program sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Test_Range_emblem.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Western_Test_Range_emblem.png/150px-Western_Test_Range_emblem.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Western_Test_Range_emblem.png/225px-Western_Test_Range_emblem.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Western_Test_Range_emblem.png/300px-Western_Test_Range_emblem.png 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>Emblem of the Western Test Range</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Western Range (WR)</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFederation_of_American_Scientists_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFederation_of_American_Scientists-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Space_launch_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Space launch range">space launch range</a> that supports the <a href="/wiki/Rocket_launch_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket launch site">major launch head</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-127-1_ch1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127-1_ch1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pg 15">: pg 15 </span></sup> Managed by the <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_Delta_30" title="Space Launch Delta 30">Space Launch Delta 30</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2000assess_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000assess-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pg 25">: pg 25 </span></sup> the <b>WR</b> extends from the West Coast of the United States to 90° East longitude in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a><sup id="cite_ref-2000assess_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000assess-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pg 27">: pg 27 </span></sup> where it meets the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Range" title="Eastern Range">Eastern Range</a><sup id="cite_ref-89asses_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89asses-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: pg 10">: pg 10 </span></sup> Operations involve military, government, and commercial interests. The <b>WR</b> has been operated by civilian contractors since its establishment, following the precedent of the Eastern Range. On 1 October 2003, InDyne Inc. took over the range contract from <a href="/wiki/ITT_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="ITT Industries">ITT Industries</a> which had operated the range for the previous 44 years.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Range_(USSF)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navy's_Pacific_Missile_Range_(PMR)"><span id="Navy.27s_Pacific_Missile_Range_.28PMR.29"></span>Navy's Pacific Missile Range (PMR)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Range_(USSF)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Navy's Pacific Missile Range (PMR)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Navy established the Naval Missile Facility at Point Arguello (NMFPA) after the transfer from the Army of 19,800 acres from the southern portion of Camp Cooke in May 1958. Camp Cooke was a World War II training and POW facility and a maximum security Disciplinary Barracks site.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cooke Air Force Base, later <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a>, was established on 64,000 acres of the northern portion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Secretary of Defense directed the Navy to establish the Pacific Missile Range (PMR) with headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Point_Mugu" title="Point Mugu">Point Mugu</a> and instrumentation sites along the California coast and downrange in the Pacific Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agreements between the Navy and the Air Force specified that nearly all launches from <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a> were under the command and control of Navy and the PMR.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Pacific <a href="/wiki/Missile_Impact_Location_System" title="Missile Impact Location System">Missile Impact Location System</a> (MILS) was installed to support both <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_Range_Ballistic_Missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile">Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile</a> (IRBM) and <a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_Ballistic_Missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercontinental Ballistic Missile">Intercontinental Ballistic Missile</a> (ICBM) tests. IRBM impacts were northeast of Hawaii and covered by a system terminating at the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Kaneohe_Bay" title="Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay">Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay</a> operational November 1958. The ICBM impacts required MILS monitoring between <a href="/wiki/Midway_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Midway Island">Midway Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> and between Wake Island and <a href="/wiki/Eniwetok" class="mw-redirect" title="Eniwetok">Eniwetok</a>. Two target arrays and a Broad Ocean Area (BOA) array system were installed. The ICBM range was operational in May 1959 with two target arrays. MILS shore facilities were at Kaneohe and each of the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_Force_—_Western_Test_Range"><span id="Air_Force_.E2.80.94_Western_Test_Range"></span>Air Force — Western Test Range</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Range_(USSF)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Air Force — Western Test Range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._McNamara" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert S. McNamara">Robert S. McNamara</a> directed a restructure of the missile ranges on 16 November 1963 with an effective date of 1 July 1964. This restructure shifted responsibility of major sections of the Navy's Pacific Missile Range to the United States Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a final transfer, on 1 February 1965, the Air Force, with headquarters at Vandenberg Air Force Base, took control of <a href="/wiki/Pillar_Point_Air_Force_Station" title="Pillar Point Air Force Station">Pillar Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, two sites in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_Island" title="Canton Island">Canton Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midway_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Midway Island">Midway Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a> in the mid-Pacific as well as <a href="/wiki/Eniwetok" class="mw-redirect" title="Eniwetok">Eniwetok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bikini_Atoll" title="Bikini Atoll">Bikini Atoll</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Air Force also took control of the six range instrumented ships <i>Huntsville</i>, <i>Longview</i>, <i>Range Tracker</i>, <i>Richfield</i>, <i>Sunnyvale</i>, and <i>Watertown</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Navy retained a missile test facility at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Point_Mugu" title="Naval Air Station Point Mugu">Point Mugu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, the name was shortened to simply the Western Test Range.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_launches">Notable launches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Range_(USSF)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable launches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>28 February 1959 - <a href="/wiki/Discoverer_1" title="Discoverer 1">Discoverer 1</a> - first spacecraft placed in a <a href="/wiki/Polar_orbit" title="Polar orbit">polar orbit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>29 September 2013 – <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Flight_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon 9 Flight 6">Falcon 9 Flight 6</a>, the first launch of the <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> v1.1 launch vehicle from a <a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">privately developed</a> leased launchpad at <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a> was used in an unusual post-mission launch vehicle test.<sup id="cite_ref-nsj20130327_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsj20130327-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/First_stage_(rocketry)" class="mw-redirect" title="First stage (rocketry)">first-stage booster</a> of the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> <a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> launch vehicle will conduct a <a href="/wiki/Flight_test" title="Flight test">propulsive-return over-water test</a>. After the second stage with the <a href="/wiki/CASSIOPE" title="CASSIOPE">CASSIOPE</a> payload <a href="/wiki/Separation_event" class="mw-redirect" title="Separation event">separates</a> from the booster, the booster will do a retro burn to reduce velocity from approximately Mach 10 (12,300 km/h; 7,610 mph) to a <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_attitude_control" title="Spacecraft attitude control">controllable</a> descent velocity, and then a second burn just before it reaches the water to simulate a <a href="/wiki/VTVL" title="VTVL">vertical landing</a> of the first stage.<sup id="cite_ref-nsw20130328_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nsw20130328-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This will be the first high-altitude, high-velocity test of the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development_program" title="SpaceX reusable launch system development program">SpaceX reusable launch system development program</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Range_(USSF)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Range" title="Eastern Range">Eastern Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_Range_Instrumentation_Ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Missile Range Instrumentation Ship">Missile Range Instrumentation Ship</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Range_(USSF)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFederation_of_American_Scientists-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFederation_of_American_Scientists_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFederation_of_American_Scientists">Federation of American Scientists</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127-1_ch1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127-1_ch1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snebulos.mit.edu/projects/reference/NASA-Generic/EWR/99ewr-c1.pdf">"Chapter 1: Eastern and Western Range Safety Policies and Processes 31 December 1999 Change to 1997 EWR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapter+1%3A+Eastern+and+Western+Range+Safety+Policies+and+Processes+31+December+1999+Change+to+1997+EWR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnebulos.mit.edu%2Fprojects%2Freference%2FNASA-Generic%2FEWR%2F99ewr-c1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2000assess-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2000assess_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2000assess_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCenter_for_Aerospace_Technology_(CAST)2000" class="citation web cs1">Center for Aerospace Technology (CAST) (February 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/spp/military/facility/00feb_vafb_1.pdf">"30th SPACE WING / VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE LAUNCH SITE SAFETY ASSESSMENT"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Research Triangle Institute Center for Aerospace Technology (CAST)</i>. Federal Aviation Administration Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Research+Triangle+Institute+Center+for+Aerospace+Technology+%28CAST%29&rft.atitle=30th+SPACE+WING+%2F+VANDENBERG+AIR+FORCE+BASE+LAUNCH+SITE+SAFETY+ASSESSMENT&rft.date=2000-02&rft.au=Center+for+Aerospace+Technology+%28CAST%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Fspp%2Fmilitary%2Ffacility%2F00feb_vafb_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89asses-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89asses_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoyd_C._ParkerJerry_D._WatsonJames_F._Stephenson1989" class="citation web cs1">Loyd C. Parker; Jerry D. Watson; James F. Stephenson (July 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160809030717/http://fas.org/spp/military/facility/western.pdf">"BASELINE ASSESSMENT WESTERN SPACE AND MISSILE CENTER"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RESEARCH TRIANGLE INSTITUTE CENTER FOR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FLORIDA OFFICE for U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION OFFICE OF COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fas.org/spp/military/facility/western.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BASELINE+ASSESSMENT+WESTERN+SPACE+AND+MISSILE+CENTER&rft.pub=RESEARCH+TRIANGLE+INSTITUTE+CENTER+FOR+SYSTEMS+ENGINEERING+FLORIDA+OFFICE+for+U.S.+DEPARTMENT+OF+TRANSPORTATION+OFFICE+OF+COMMERCIAL+SPACE+TRANSPORTATION&rft.date=1989-07&rft.au=Loyd+C.+Parker&rft.au=Jerry+D.+Watson&rft.au=James+F.+Stephenson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Fspp%2Fmilitary%2Ffacility%2Fwestern.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanene_Scully2003" class="citation web cs1">Janene Scully (14 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indyneinc.com/homepage/Portals/0/news_articles/SantaMariaTimes2.pdf">"New leader of Western Range signed at VAFB"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Santa Maria Times</i>. Pulitzer Central Coast Newspapers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Santa+Maria+Times&rft.atitle=New+leader+of+Western+Range+signed+at+VAFB&rft.date=2003-07-14&rft.au=Janene+Scully&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indyneinc.com%2Fhomepage%2FPortals%2F0%2Fnews_articles%2FSantaMariaTimes2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE30th_Space_Wing_History_Office_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF30th_Space_Wing_History_Office">30th Space Wing History Office</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubcommittee_on_Military_Construction_(March-April)1959" class="citation book cs1">Subcommittee on Military Construction (March-April) (29 April 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e-JLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA169"><i>Military Construction Appropriations for 1960: Hearings</i></a>. pp. 169–170<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Construction+Appropriations+for+1960%3A+Hearings&rft.pages=169-170&rft.date=1959-04-29&rft.au=Subcommittee+on+Military+Construction+%28March-April%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De-JLAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubcommittee_on_Military_Construction_(May)1959" class="citation book cs1">Subcommittee on Military Construction (May) (20 May 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HBVEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA818"><i>Military Construction Appropriations for 1960: Hearings</i></a>. pp. 818, 824<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+Construction+Appropriations+for+1960%3A+Hearings&rft.pages=818%2C+824&rft.date=1959-05-20&rft.au=Subcommittee+on+Military+Construction+%28May%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHBVEAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1959-002A">"NASA - NSSDC - Spacecraft - Details NSSDC ID: 1959-002A"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+-+NSSDC+-+Spacecraft+-+Details+NSSDC+ID%3A+1959-002A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1959-002A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsj20130327-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsj20130327_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2013" class="citation news cs1">Foust, Jeff (27 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspacejournal.com/2013/03/27/after-dragon-spacexs-focus-returns-to-falcon/">"After Dragon, SpaceX's focus returns to Falcon"</a>. <i>NewSpace Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NewSpace+Journal&rft.atitle=After+Dragon%2C+SpaceX%27s+focus+returns+to+Falcon&rft.date=2013-03-27&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspacejournal.com%2F2013%2F03%2F27%2Fafter-dragon-spacexs-focus-returns-to-falcon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nsw20130328-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nsw20130328_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsey2013" class="citation news cs1">Lindsey, Clark (28 March 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newspacewatch.com/articles/spacex-moving-quickly-towards-fly-back-first-stage.html">"SpaceX moving quickly towards fly-back first stage"</a></span>. <i>NewSpace Watch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NewSpace+Watch&rft.atitle=SpaceX+moving+quickly+towards+fly-back+first+stage&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft.aulast=Lindsey&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspacewatch.com%2Farticles%2Fspacex-moving-quickly-towards-fly-back-first-stage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Range_(USSF)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederation_of_American_Scientists" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/spp/military/program/nssrm/initiatives/westrang.htm">"Western Range (U)"</a>. Federation of American Scientists<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Western+Range+%28U%29&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Fspp%2Fmilitary%2Fprogram%2Fnssrm%2Finitiatives%2Fwestrang.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruss2015" class="citation news cs1">Gruss, Mike (6 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spacenews.com/42473raytheon-team-wins-2-billion-air-force-range-support-contract/">"Raytheon Team Wins US$2 Billion Air Force Range Support Contract"</a>. SpaceNews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Raytheon+Team+Wins+US%242+Billion+Air+Force+Range+Support+Contract&rft.date=2015-04-06&rft.aulast=Gruss&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2F42473raytheon-team-wins-2-billion-air-force-range-support-contract%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF30th_Space_Wing_History_Office" class="citation web cs1">30th Space Wing History Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150110132051/https://www.vandenberg.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet_print.asp?fsID=4606">"U.S. Air Force Fact Sheet"</a>. 30th Space Wing Public Affairs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vandenberg.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet_print.asp?fsID=4606">the original</a> on 10 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Air+Force+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=30th+Space+Wing+Public+Affairs&rft.au=30th+Space+Wing+History+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vandenberg.af.mil%2Flibrary%2Ffactsheets%2Ffactsheet_print.asp%3FfsID%3D4606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Range+%28USSF%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a205116.pdf">Western Test Range Handbook</a>, Defense Technical Information Center, July 1981</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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