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zone--article-offer old__zone"> <header class="article__header "> <div class="article__header-wrap"> <ul class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb__parent breadcrumb__parent--after js-breadcrumb"> <a class="logo__afrique logo__afrique--article" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/"> <span class="sr-only">Le Monde Afrique</span> </a> </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb__child--article js-breadcrumb"> <a class="logo__kenya logo__kenya--article" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/kenya/"> Kenya </a> </li> </ul> <div class="article__heading"> <h1 class="article__title">Au Kenya, trois Américains tués dans l’attaque d’une base militaire par les Chabab</h1> <p class="article__desc"> Cette opération contre la base de Camp Simba est la dernière en date de la milice djihadiste dans le pays depuis que Nairobi a envoyé des troupes en Somalie en 2011 pour y combattre ce groupe affilié à Al-Qaida. </p> </div> <p class="meta meta__publisher meta__publisher--header" id="js-authors-trigger"> <span 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src="https://img.lemde.fr/2020/01/05/0/0/4585/3057/664/0/75/0/ff5c4fa_-3BGFsntmircougb0XKEDJSR.jpg" alt="Des aviateurs lors d’une cérémonie de lever du drapeau, au Camp Simba, au Kenya, le 26 août 2019." sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 556px, 100vw" width="664" height="443"> </picture> <noscript> <img src="https://img.lemde.fr/2020/01/05/0/0/4585/3057/664/0/75/0/ff5c4fa_-3BGFsntmircougb0XKEDJSR.jpg" alt="Des aviateurs lors d’une cérémonie de lever du drapeau, au Camp Simba, au Kenya, le 26 août 2019."> </noscript> <figcaption class="article__legend" aria-hidden="true">Des aviateurs lors d’une cérémonie de lever du drapeau, au Camp Simba, au Kenya, le 26 août 2019. <span class="article__credit" aria-hidden="true">SERGENT LEXIE WEST / US AIR FORCE / VIA AP</span> </figcaption> </figure> <p class="article__paragraph ">Les combattants du groupe islamiste somalien des Chabab ont attaqué dimanche 5 janvier à l’aube une base militaire américano-kényane à Lamu, dans le sud-est du Kenya, près de la frontière avec la Somalie, tuant trois Américains. <em>« Durant une attaque par les Chabab, un groupe affilié à Al-Qaida en Afrique de l’Est, plus tôt aujourd’hui, un militaire américain et deux sous-traitants du ministère de la défense ont été tués »</em> sur la base de la baie de Manda, a annoncé le commandement américain pour l’Afrique (Africom) dans un communiqué.</p> <div id="inread_top" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread_top" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Africom a précisé à l’Agence France-presse (AFP) que les trois personnes décédées étaient de nationalité américaine. Deux autres employés du Pentagone ont été blessés. Dans un état stable, ils sont en train d’être évacués. <em>« Après une première incursion dans le périmètre</em> [de la base]<em>, l’armée kényane et les forces de l’Africom ont repoussé l’attaque des Chabab »</em>, a précisé Africom dans son communiqué.</p> <section class="catcher catcher--favoris"> <div class="catcher__content"><span class="catcher__title"> Lire aussi </span><span class="catcher__desc"> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/03/13/kenya-s-il-y-a-une-montee-de-l-extremisme-ici-il-est-inevitable-que-l-europe-en-souffre_5435637_3212.html" class="js-article-read-also catcher--favoris__link" data-premium="">Kenya : « S’il y a une montée de l’extrémisme ici, il est inévitable que l’Europe en souffre »</a> </span> </div> <div class="catcher__favorite"> <button class="lmd-btn-icon lmd-btn-icon--primary lmd-btn-icon--m js-lmd-dropdown-favorite-toggler" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lmd-dropdown-favorite" aria-label="Lire plus tard" data-article-id="3071831" data-position="lire aussi" data-url="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/03/13/kenya-s-il-y-a-une-montee-de-l-extremisme-ici-il-est-inevitable-que-l-europe-en-souffre_5435637_3212.html" data-status=""> <span class="icon__favorites"></span> <span class="js-btn-icon-tooltip" aria-hidden="true">Lire plus tard</span> </button> </div> </section> <h2 class="article__sub-title">Des personnes arrêtées</h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">Cette opération, près de l’île touristique de Lamu, est la dernière en date des Chabab au Kenya depuis que ce pays a envoyé des troupes en Somalie en 2011 pour y combattre ce groupe affilié à Al-Qaida.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Le porte-parole de l’armée kényane, le colonel Paul Njuguna, a déclaré qu’il y avait eu <em>« une tentative à 5 h 30 de venir à bout de la sécurité sur la piste aérienne de Manda »</em> : <em>« La tentative de</em> [faire une]<em> brèche a été repoussée avec succès. Jusqu’à présent, les corps de quatre terroristes ont été retrouvés. La piste d’atterrissage n’a pas été touchée. »</em> D’après un rapport de police interne vu par l’AFP, deux avions Cessna, deux hélicoptères américains et <em>« plusieurs véhicules américains »</em> ont été détruits.</p> <div id="inread" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Le responsable de la police locale, Irungu Macharia, a déclaré que cinq personnes avaient été arrêtées près du camp et étaient interrogées. <em>« Aux côtés de nos partenaires africains et internationaux, nous pourchasserons les responsables de cette attaque et les Chabab qui cherchent à s’attaquer aux Américains et à nuire aux intérêts américains »</em>, a affirmé le commandant de l’Africom, le général Stephen Townsend.</p> <section class="catcher catcher--favoris"> <div class="catcher__content"><span class="catcher__title"> Lire aussi </span><span class="catcher__desc"> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/08/21/au-kenya-le-gigantesque-camp-de-refugies-de-dadaab-est-loin-d-avoir-ferme-ses-portes_5501385_3212.html" class="js-article-read-also catcher--favoris__link" data-premium="">Au Kenya, le gigantesque camp de réfugiés de Dadaab est loin d’avoir fermé ses portes</a> </span> </div> <div class="catcher__favorite"> <button class="lmd-btn-icon lmd-btn-icon--primary lmd-btn-icon--m js-lmd-dropdown-favorite-toggler" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lmd-dropdown-favorite" aria-label="Lire plus tard" data-article-id="3131790" data-position="lire aussi" data-url="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/08/21/au-kenya-le-gigantesque-camp-de-refugies-de-dadaab-est-loin-d-avoir-ferme-ses-portes_5501385_3212.html" data-status=""> <span class="icon__favorites"></span> <span class="js-btn-icon-tooltip" aria-hidden="true">Lire plus tard</span> </button> </div> </section> <p class="article__paragraph ">Pour leur part, les Chabab ont affirmé que dix-sept Américains et neuf soldats kényans avaient été tués. Dans un communiqué, les Chabab ont écrit qu’ils avaient <em>« attaqué avec succès la base militaire très fortifiée et avaient pris le contrôle d’une partie de la base »</em>.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title">Coûteux efforts</h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">Les Chabab ajoutent que cette action s’inscrit dans le cadre de sa campagne <em>« Al-Quds </em>[Jérusalem] <em>ne sera jamais judaïsée », </em>évoquée pour la première fois à l’occasion d’une attaque contre le complexe hôtelier haut de gamme Dusit à Nairobi en janvier 2019, qui a fait vingt-et-un morts. Dans un deuxième communiqué, le groupe islamiste a fait état de combats ayant duré dix heures et s'est moqué de <em>« l’incapacité des Etats-Unis à empêcher une attaque par une poignée de musulmans déterminés »</em>.</p> <section class="inread js-services-inread"> <div class="inread__headline"> <span>Restez informés</span> </div> <a href="https://www.whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaDz2VzEVccLxVQSVS3x" class="inread__link js-services-inread-link" target="_blank"> <div class="inread__title">Suivez-nous sur WhatsApp</div> <div class="inread__desc">Recevez l’essentiel de l’actualité africaine sur WhatsApp avec la chaîne du « Monde Afrique »</div> <div class="inread__cta">Rejoindre</div> </a> </section> <p class="article__paragraph ">Les Chabab ont effectué plusieurs attaques de grande ampleur à l’intérieur du Kenya, affirmant qu’il s’agissait de représailles face à l’envoi de soldats kényans en Somalie en 2011 pour les combattre, ainsi que de viser des intérêts étrangers. Malgré les coûteux efforts internationaux pour les vaincre, ces rebelles islamistes ont réalisé le 28 décembre 2019 l’une des opérations les plus meurtrières de la décennie en Somalie, l’explosion d’un véhicule piégé dans la capitale Mogadiscio ayant fait 81 morts.</p> <section class="catcher catcher--favoris"> <div class="catcher__content"><span class="catcher__title"> Lire aussi </span><span class="catcher__desc"> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/12/28/somalie-l-explosion-d-une-voiture-piegee-a-mogadiscio-fait-au-moins-20-victimes_6024281_3212.html" class="js-article-read-also catcher--favoris__link" data-premium="">En Somalie, l’explosion d’une voiture piégée à Mogadiscio fait au moins 79 morts</a> </span> </div> <div class="catcher__favorite"> <button class="lmd-btn-icon lmd-btn-icon--primary lmd-btn-icon--m js-lmd-dropdown-favorite-toggler" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lmd-dropdown-favorite" aria-label="Lire plus tard" data-article-id="3152353" data-position="lire aussi" data-url="https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/12/28/somalie-l-explosion-d-une-voiture-piegee-a-mogadiscio-fait-au-moins-20-victimes_6024281_3212.html" data-status=""> <span class="icon__favorites"></span> <span class="js-btn-icon-tooltip" aria-hidden="true">Lire plus tard</span> </button> </div> </section> <p class="article__paragraph ">Les attaques des Chabab montrent leur capacité à infliger des dommages importants dans la région, malgré la perte de contrôle des principales zones urbaines de la Somalie.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Chassés de Mogadiscio en 2011, ils ont perdu l’essentiel de leurs bastions. Mais ils contrôlent toujours de vastes régions rurales d’où ils organisent des actions de guérilla et des attentats-suicides. On estime qu’ils sont actuellement entre 5 000 et 9 000 combattants.</p> <h2 class="article__sub-title">Réseau militaire américain</h2> <p class="article__paragraph ">Dans un rapport rendu public en novembre, un groupe d’experts de l’ONU sur la Somalie a souligné le <em>« nombre sans précédent »</em> de bombes artisanales posées et d’autres attaques à la frontière entre le Kenya et la Somalie en juin et juillet 2019. Jeudi, au moins trois personnes ont été tuées lorsque des hommes soupçonnés d’être des Chabab ont tendu une embuscade à un car circulant dans la région.</p> <div id="inread-2" class="dfp-slot dfp__slot dfp__inread dfp-unloaded" data-format="inread" aria-hidden="true"></div> <p class="article__paragraph ">Selon l’Institute for Security Studies (ISS), les Etats-Unis disposent de 34 bases militaires connues en Afrique, d’où ils effectuent <em>« des opérations avec des drones »</em> mais organisent aussi <em>« des entraînements, des manœuvres militaires »</em> et <em>« des activités humanitaires »</em>.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">Présents en Somalie, les Etats-Unis y ont intensifié depuis avril 2017 leurs frappes aériennes après l’extension par le président Donald Trump des pouvoirs donnés à l’armée américaine pour déclencher des opérations antiterroristes, par voie aérienne ou terrestre.</p> <p class="article__paragraph ">En avril dernier, le commandement militaire américain pour 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