CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: microalgal lipid</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: microalgal lipid"> <meta name="keywords" content="microalgal lipid"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="microalgal lipid" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="microalgal lipid"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 695</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: microalgal lipid</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">695</span> Nutrient Removal and Microalgal Biomass Growth of Chlorella Vulgaris in Response to Centrate Wastewater Loadings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingfeng%20Wang">Lingfeng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhipeng%20Chen"> Zhipeng Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuang%20Qiu"> Shuang Qiu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shijian%20Ge"> Shijian Ge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effects of wastewater, with four different nutrient loadings, from synthetic centrate on biomass production of Chlorella vulgaris, nutrient removal, microalgal settling, and lipid production were investigated in photobioreactors under both batches and, subsequently, semi-continuous operations. At higher centrate concentration factors (17.2% and 36.2%), hydraulic retention time and pH adjustments could be employed to sustain acceptable microalgal growth rates and wastewater treatment. Similar nutrient removals efficiencies (>95%) and biomass production (0.42-0.51 g/L) were observed for the four centrate concentrations. Both the lipid productivity and lipid content decreased with increasing nutrient loading in the wastewater. The results also demonstrated that the mass ratio of carbohydrate to protein could provide a good indication of microalgal settling performance, rather than sole component composition or total extracellular polymeric substances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20production" title="lipid production">lipid production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20removal" title=" nutrient removal"> nutrient removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94539/nutrient-removal-and-microalgal-biomass-growth-of-chlorella-vulgaris-in-response-to-centrate-wastewater-loadings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">694</span> Lipidomic Profiling of Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus abundans towards Deciphering Phospholipids and Glycolipids under Nitrogen Limited Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Singh">J. Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Dubey"> Swati Dubey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20P.%20Singh"> R. P. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalgal strains can accumulate greatly enhanced levels of lipids under nitrogen-deficient condition, making these as one of the most promising sustainable sources for biofuel production. High-grade biofuel production from microalgal biomass could be facilitated by analysing the lipid content of the microalgae and enumerating its dynamics under varying nutrient conditions. In the present study, a detailed investigation of changes in lipid composition in Chlorella species and Scenedesmus abundans in response to nitrogen limited condition was performed to provide novel mechanistic insights into the lipidome during stress conditions. The mass spectroscopic approaches mainly LC-MS and GC-MS were employed for lipidomic profiling in both the microalgal strains. The analyses of lipid profiling using LC-MS revealed distinct forms of lipids mainly phospho- and glycolipids, including betaine lipids, and various other forms of lipids in both the microalgal strains. As detected, an overall decrease in polar lipids was observed. However, GC-MS analyses had revealed that the synthesis of the storage lipid i.e. triacylglycerol (TAG) was substantially stimulated in both the strains under nitrogen limited conditions. The changes observed in the overall fatty acid profile were primarily due to the decrease in proportion of polar lipids to TAGs. This study had enabled in analysing a detailed and orchestrated form of lipidomes in two different microalgal strains having potential for biodiesel production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuel" title="biofuel">biofuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LC-MS" title=" LC-MS"> LC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74880/lipidomic-profiling-of-chlorella-sp-and-scenedesmus-abundans-towards-deciphering-phospholipids-and-glycolipids-under-nitrogen-limited-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">693</span> Effect of Nitrogen and Carbon Sources on Growth and Lipid Production from Mixotrophic Growth of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratanaporn%20Leesing">Ratanaporn Leesing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thidarat%20Papone"> Thidarat Papone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mutiyaporn%20Puangbut"> Mutiyaporn Puangbut</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mixotrophic cultivation of the isolated freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 in batch shake flask for biomass and lipid productions, different concentration of glucose as carbon substrate, different nitrogen source and concentrations were investigated. Using 1.0g/L of NaNO3 as nitrogen source, the maximum biomass yield of 10.04g/L with biomass productivity of 1.673g/L d was obtained using 40g/L glucose, while a biomass of 7.09, 8.55 and 9.45g/L with biomass productivity of 1.182, 1.425 and 1.575g/L d were found at 20, 30 and 50g/L glucose, respectively. The maximum lipid yield of 3.99g/L with lipid productivity of 0.665g/L d was obtained when 40g/L glucose was used. Lipid yield of 1.50, 3.34 and 3.66g/L with lipid productivity of 0.250, 0.557 and 0.610g/L d were found when using the initial concentration of glucose at 20, 30 and 50g/L, respectively. Process product yield (YP/S) of 0.078, 0.119, 0.158 and 0.094 were observed when glucose concentration was 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/L, respectively. The results obtained from the study shows that mixotrophic culture of Chlorella sp. KKU-S2 is a desirable cultivation process for microbial lipid and biomass production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixotrophic%20cultivation" title="mixotrophic cultivation">mixotrophic cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid" title=" microalgal lipid"> microalgal lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20sp.%20KKU-S2" title=" Chlorella sp. KKU-S2"> Chlorella sp. KKU-S2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5171/effect-of-nitrogen-and-carbon-sources-on-growth-and-lipid-production-from-mixotrophic-growth-of-chlorella-sp-kku-s2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5171.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">692</span> Response Surface Methodology to Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Microalgal Lipids </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yen-Hui%20Chen">Yen-Hui Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Terry%20Walker"> Terry Walker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the world experiences an energy crisis, investing in sustainable energy resources is a pressing mission for many countries. Microalgae-derived biodiesel has attracted intensive attention as an important biofuel, and microalgae Chlorella protothecoides lipid is recognized as a renewable source for microalgae-derived biodiesel production. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) is a promising green solvent that may potentially substitute the use of organic solvents for lipid extraction; however, the efficiency of SC-CO₂ extraction may be affected by many variables, including temperature, pressure and extraction time individually or in combination. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the process parameters, including temperature, pressure and extraction time, on C. protothecoides lipid yield by SC-CO₂ extraction. A second order polynomial model provided a good fit (R-square value of 0.94) for the C. protothecoides lipid yield. The linear and quadratic terms of temperature, pressure and extraction time—as well as the interaction between temperature and pressure—showed significant effects on lipid yield during extraction. The optimal lipid yield from the model was predicted as the temperature of 59 °C, the pressure of 350.7 bar and the extraction time 2.8 hours. Under these conditions, the experimental lipid yield (25%) was close to the predicted value. The principal fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of C. protothecoides lipid-derived biodiesel were oleic acid methyl ester (60.1%), linoleic acid methyl ester (18.6%) and palmitic acid methyl ester (11.4%), which made up more than 90% of the total FAMEs. In summary, this study indicated that RSM was useful to characterize the optimization the SC-CO₂ extraction process of C. protothecoides lipid yield, and the second-order polynomial model could be used for predicting and describing the lipid yield very well. In addition, C. protothecoides lipid, extracted by SC-CO₂, was suggested as a potential candidate for microalgae-derived biodiesel production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20protothecoides" title="Chlorella protothecoides">Chlorella protothecoides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipids" title=" microalgal lipids"> microalgal lipids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20methodology" title=" response surface methodology"> response surface methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercritical%20carbon%20dioxide%20extraction" title=" supercritical carbon dioxide extraction"> supercritical carbon dioxide extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65325/response-surface-methodology-to-supercritical-carbon-dioxide-extraction-of-microalgal-lipids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">691</span> Using Optimal Cultivation Strategies for Enhanced Biomass and Lipid Production of an Indigenous Thraustochytrium sp. BM2</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsin-Yueh%20Chang">Hsin-Yueh Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pin-Chen%20Liao"> Pin-Chen Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jo-Shu%20Chang"> Jo-Shu Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Yen%20Chen"> Chun-Yen Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biofuel has drawn much attention as a potential substitute to fossil fuels. However, biodiesel from waste oil, oil crops or other oil sources can only satisfy partial existing demands for transportation. Due to the feature of being clean, green and viable for mass production, using microalgae as a feedstock for biodiesel is regarded as a possible solution for a low-carbon and sustainable society. In particular, Thraustochytrium sp. BM2, an indigenous heterotrophic microalga, possesses the potential for metabolizing glycerol to produce lipids. Hence, it is being considered as a promising microalgae-based oil source for biodiesel production and other applications. This study was to optimize the culture pH, scale up, assess the feasibility of producing microalgal lipid from crude glycerol and apply operation strategies following optimal results from shake flask system in a 5L stirred-tank fermenter for further enhancing lipid productivities. Cultivation of Thraustochytrium sp. BM2 without pH control resulted in the highest lipid production of 3944 mg/L and biomass production of 4.85 g/L. Next, when initial glycerol and corn steep liquor (CSL) concentration increased five times (50 g and 62.5 g, respectively), the overall lipid productivity could reach 124 mg/L/h. However, when using crude glycerol as a sole carbon source, direct addition of crude glycerol could inhibit culture growth. Therefore, acid and metal salt pretreatment methods were utilized to purify the crude glycerol. Crude glycerol pretreated with acid and CaCl₂ had the greatest overall lipid productivity 131 mg/L/h when used as a carbon source and proved to be a better substitute for pure glycerol as carbon source in Thraustochytrium sp. BM2 cultivation medium. Engineering operation strategies such as fed-batch and semi-batch operation were applied in the cultivation of Thraustochytrium sp. BM2 for the improvement of lipid production. In cultivation of fed-batch operation strategy, harvested biomass 132.60 g and lipid 69.15 g were obtained. Also, lipid yield 0.20 g/g glycerol was same as in batch cultivation, although with poor overall lipid productivity 107 mg/L/h. In cultivation of semi-batch operation strategy, overall lipid productivity could reach 158 mg/L/h due to the shorter cultivation time. Harvested biomass and lipid achieved 232.62 g and 126.61 g respectively. Lipid yield was improved from 0.20 to 0.24 g/g glycerol. Besides, product costs of three kinds of operation strategies were also calculated. The lowest product cost 12.42 $NTD/g lipid was obtained while employing semi-batch operation strategy and reduced 33% in comparison with batch operation strategy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterotrophic%20microalga%20Thrasutochytrium%20sp.%20BM2" title="heterotrophic microalga Thrasutochytrium sp. BM2">heterotrophic microalga Thrasutochytrium sp. BM2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid" title=" microalgal lipid"> microalgal lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20glycerol" title=" crude glycerol"> crude glycerol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation%20strategy" title=" fermentation strategy"> fermentation strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiesel" title=" biodiesel"> biodiesel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107365/using-optimal-cultivation-strategies-for-enhanced-biomass-and-lipid-production-of-an-indigenous-thraustochytrium-sp-bm2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">690</span> Time-Course Lipid Accumulation and Transcript Analyses of Lipid Biosynthesis Gene of Chlorella sp.3 under Nitrogen Limited Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Singh">Jyoti Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swati%20Dubey"> Swati Dubey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukta%20Singh"> Mukta Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20P.%20Singh"> R. P. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp. is alluring considerable interest as a source for biofuel production due to its fast growth rate and high lipid content. Under nitrogen limited conditions, they can accumulate significant amounts of lipids. Thus, it is important to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of their lipid metabolism. In this study under nitrogen limited conditions, regular pattern of growth characteristics lipid accumulation and gene expression analysis of key regulatory genes of lipid biosynthetic pathway were carried out in microalgae Chlorella sp 3. Our results indicated that under nitrogen limited conditions there is a significant increase in the lipid content and lipid productivity, achieving 44.21±2.64 % and 39.34±0.66 mg/l/d at the end of the cultivation, respectively. Time-course transcript patterns of lipid biosynthesis genes i.e. acetyl coA carboxylase (accD) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (dgat) showed that during late log phase of microalgae Chlorella sp.3 both the genes were significantly up regulated as compared to early log phase. Moreover, the transcript level of the dgat gene is two-fold higher than the accD gene. The results suggested that both the genes responded sensitively to the nitrogen limited conditions during the late log stage, which proposed their close relevance to lipid biosynthesis. Further, this transcriptome data will be useful for engineering microalgae species by targeting these genes for genetic modification to improve microalgal biofuel quality and production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuel" title="biofuel">biofuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene" title=" gene"> gene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74923/time-course-lipid-accumulation-and-transcript-analyses-of-lipid-biosynthesis-gene-of-chlorella-sp3-under-nitrogen-limited-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">689</span> Assessment of Microalgal Lipids by Enhancing EPA and DHA for Integration into Infant Milk Formulas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rkia%20Lbouhmadi">Rkia Lbouhmadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mir%20Youssef"> Mir Youssef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fatty acids such as DocosaHexaenoic Acid (DHA) and EicosaPentaenoic Acid (EPA) are of growing interest for their positive impact on human health. Oils rich in omega-3 are in high demand, particularly for incorporation into infant milk. Generally omega-3 fatty acids are extracted from oily fish, putting additional pressure on global fish stocks that is experiencing an over exploitation. Therefore, this present work aimed to study the capacity of tree different strains of microalgae for producing lipids rich on Omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA that can be used to enrich infantile milk. Three different strains were selected for this study; Parachlorella kessleri (GEPEA UMR-CNRS6144, University of Nantes) and Cyclotella spp and Scenedesmus spp (collected from different water bodies that are located in the region of Agadir, Morocco). it examined the impact of various culture conditions on EPA and DHA accumulation in three strains. Lipid composition was analyzed using GC-MS and FTIR. Following a comparative analysis between regular and microalgal oil-supplemented formula milk was carried out by incorporating large droplets of fat containing microalgal fatty acids coated with added phospholipids into the formula milk. Results indicated that culture conditions such as light intensity affected fatty acides production. With 40% increase in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) compared to Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA). In conclusion, it exploratory study indicates that incorporating large milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets enriched with microalgae lipids into infant formula may offer improved nutritional benefits for newborns, resembling human milk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae%20oil" title="microalgae oil">microalgae oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=INFANT%20MILK" title=" INFANT MILK"> INFANT MILK</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPA" title=" EPA"> EPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DHA" title=" DHA"> DHA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186499/assessment-of-microalgal-lipids-by-enhancing-epa-and-dha-for-integration-into-infant-milk-formulas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">47</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">688</span> Studies of Lactose Utilization in Microalgal Isolate for Further Use in Dairy By-Product Bioconversion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergejs%20Kolesovs">Sergejs Kolesovs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Armands%20Vigants"> Armands Vigants</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of dairy industry by-products and wastewater as a cheap substrate for microalgal growth is gaining recognition. However, the mechanisms of lactose utilization remain understudied, limiting the potential of successful microalgal biomass production using various dairy by-products, such as whey and permeate. The necessity for microalgae to produce a specific enzyme, β-galactosidase, requires the selection of suitable strains. This study focuses on a freshwater microalgal isolate's ability to grow on a semi-synthetic medium supplemented with lactose. After 10 days of agitated cultivation, an axenic microalgal isolate achieved significantly higher biomass production under mixotrophic growth conditions (0.86 ± 0.07 g/L, dry weight) than heterotrophic growth (0.46 ± 0.04 g/L). Moreover, mixotrophic cultivation had significantly higher biomass production compared to photoautotrophic growth (0.67 ± 0.05 g/L). The activity of β-galactosidase was detected in both supernatant and microalgal biomass under mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth conditions, showing the potential of extracellular and intracellular mechanisms of enzyme production. However, the main limiting factor in this study was the increase of pH values during the cultivation, significantly reducing the activity of the β-galactosidase enzyme after 3rd day of cultivation. It highlights the need for stricter control of growth parameters to ensure the enzyme's activity. Further research will assess the isolate's suitability for dairy by-product bioconversion and biomass composition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title="microalgae">microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactose" title=" lactose"> lactose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whey" title=" whey"> whey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeate" title=" permeate"> permeate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta-galactosidase" title=" beta-galactosidase"> beta-galactosidase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixotrophy" title=" mixotrophy"> mixotrophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterotrophy" title=" heterotrophy"> heterotrophy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185298/studies-of-lactose-utilization-in-microalgal-isolate-for-further-use-in-dairy-by-product-bioconversion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">687</span> Sustainable Energy Production from Microalgae in Queshm Island, Persian Gulf </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Moazami">N. Moazami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ranjbar"> R. Ranjbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ashori"> A. Ashori </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Out of hundreds of microalgal strains reported, only very few of them are capable for production of high content of lipid. Therefore, the key technical challenges include identifying the strains with the highest growth rates and oil contents with adequate composition, which were the main aims of this work. From 147 microalgae screened for high biomass and oil productivity, the Nannochloropsis sp. PTCC 6016, which attained 52% lipid content, was selected for large scale cultivation in Persian Gulf Knowledge Island. Nannochloropsis strain PTCC 6016 belongs to Eustigmatophyceae (Phylum heterokontophyta) isolated from Mangrove forest area of Qheshm Island and Persian Gulf (Iran) in 2008. The strain PTCC 6016 had an average biomass productivity of 2.83 g/L/day and 52% lipid content. The biomass productivity and the oil production potential could be projected to be more than 200 tons biomass and 100000 L oil per hectare per year, in an outdoor algal culture (300 day/year) in the Persian Gulf climate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuels" title="biofuels">biofuels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nannochloropsis" title=" Nannochloropsis"> Nannochloropsis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raceway%20open%20pond" title=" raceway open pond"> raceway open pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-jet" title=" bio-jet"> bio-jet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12748/sustainable-energy-production-from-microalgae-in-queshm-island-persian-gulf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">686</span> Fuel Quality of Biodiesel from Chlorella protothecoides Microalgae Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukesh%20Kumar">Mukesh Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahendra%20Pal%20Sharma"> Mahendra Pal Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Depleting fossil fuel resources coupled with serious environmental degradation has led to the search for alternative resources for biodiesel production as a substitute of Petro-diesel. Currently, edible, non-edible oils and microalgal plant species are cultivated for biodiesel production. Looking at the demerits of edible and non-edible oil resources, the focus is being given to grow microalgal species having high oil productivities, less maturity time and less land requirement. Out of various microalgal species, Chlorella protothecoides is considered as the most promising species for biodiesel production owing to high oil content (58 %), faster growth rate (24–48 h) and high biomass productivity (1214 mg/l/day). The present paper reports the results of optimization of reaction parameters of transesterification process as well as the kinetics of transesterification with 97% yield of biodiesel. The measurement of fuel quality of microalgal biodiesel shows that the biodiesel exhibit very good oxidation stability (O.S) of 7 hrs, more than ASTM D6751 (3 hrs) and EN 14112 (6 hrs) specifications. The CP and PP of 0 and -3 °C are finding as per ASTM D 2500-11 and ASTM D 97-12 standards. These results show that the microalgal biodiesel does not need any enhancement in O.S & CFP and hence can be recommended to be directly used as MB100 or its blends into diesel engine operation. Further, scope is available for the production of binary blends using poor quality biodiesel for engine operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20quality" title="fuel quality">fuel quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl%20ester%20yield" title=" methyl ester yield"> methyl ester yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transesterification" title=" transesterification"> transesterification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58274/fuel-quality-of-biodiesel-from-chlorella-protothecoides-microalgae-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">685</span> Optimization of Biomass Production and Lipid Formation from Chlorococcum sp. Cultivation on Dairy and Paper-Pulp Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20C.%20Ngerem">Emmanuel C. Ngerem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ever-increasing depletion of the dominant global form of energy (fossil fuels) calls for the development of sustainable and green alternative energy sources such as bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biodiesel. The production of the major biofuels relies on biomass feedstocks that are mainly derived from edible food crops and some inedible plants. One suitable feedstock with great potential as raw material for biofuel production is microalgal biomass. Despite the tremendous attributes of microalgae as a source of biofuel, their cultivation requires huge volumes of freshwater, thus posing a serious threat to commercial-scale production and utilization of algal biomass. In this study, a multi-media wastewater mixture for microalgae growth was formulated and optimized. Moreover, the obtained microalgae biomass was pre-treated to reduce sugar recovery and was compared with previous studies on microalgae biomass pre-treatment. The formulated and optimized mixed wastewater media for biomass and lipid accumulation was established using the simplex lattice mixture design. Based on the superposition approach of the potential results, numerical optimization was conducted, followed by the analysis of biomass concentration and lipid accumulation. The coefficients of regression (R²) of 0.91 and 0.98 were obtained for biomass concentration and lipid accumulation models, respectively. The developed optimization model predicted optimal biomass concentration and lipid accumulation of 1.17 g/L and 0.39 g/g, respectively. It suggested 64.69% dairy wastewater (DWW) and 35.31% paper and pulp wastewater (PWW) mixture for biomass concentration, 34.21% DWW, and 65.79% PWW for lipid accumulation. Experimental validation generated 0.94 g/L and 0.39 g/g of biomass concentration and lipid accumulation, respectively. The obtained microalgae biomass was pre-treated, enzymatically hydrolysed, and subsequently assessed for reducing sugars. The optimization of microwave pre-treatment of Chlorococcum sp. was achieved using response surface methodology (RSM). Microwave power (100 – 700 W), pre-treatment time (1 – 7 min), and acid-liquid ratio (1 – 5%) were selected as independent variables for RSM optimization. The optimum conditions were achieved at microwave power, pre-treatment time, and acid-liquid ratio of 700 W, 7 min, and 32.33:1, respectively. These conditions provided the highest amount of reducing sugars at 10.73 g/L. Process optimization predicted reducing sugar yields of 11.14 g/L on microwave-assisted pre-treatment of 2.52% HCl for 4.06 min at 700 watts. Experimental validation yielded reducing sugars of 15.67 g/L. These findings demonstrate that dairy wastewater and paper and pulp wastewater that could pose a serious environmental nuisance. They could be blended to form a suitable microalgae growth media, consolidating the potency of microalgae as a viable feedstock for fermentable sugars. Also, the outcome of this study supports the microalgal wastewater biorefinery concept, where wastewater remediation is coupled with bioenergy production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20cultivation" title="wastewater cultivation">wastewater cultivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixture%20design" title=" mixture design"> mixture design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20removal" title=" nutrient removal"> nutrient removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave" title=" microwave"> microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorococcum" title=" Chlorococcum"> Chlorococcum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=raceway%20pond" title=" raceway pond"> raceway pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentable%20sugar" title=" fermentable sugar"> fermentable sugar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189025/optimization-of-biomass-production-and-lipid-formation-from-chlorococcum-sp-cultivation-on-dairy-and-paper-pulp-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189025.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">684</span> Biodiesel Production from Fruit Pulp of Cassia fistula L. Using Green Microalga Chlorella minutissima</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajesh%20Chandra">Rajesh Chandra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uttam%20K.%20Ghosh"> Uttam K. Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study demonstrates microalgal bio-diesel generation from a cheap, abundant, non-edible fruit pulp of Cassia fistula L. The Cassia fistula L. fruit pulp aqueous extract (CFAE) was utilized as a growth medium for cultivation of microalga Chlorella minutissima (C. minutissima). This microalga accumulated a high amount of lipids when cultivated with CFAE as a source of nutrition in comparison to BG-11 medium. Different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) of CFAE diluted with distilled water were used to cultivate microalga. Effects of light intensity and photoperiod were also observed on biomass and lipid yield of microalga. Light intensity of 8000 lux with a photoperiod of 18 h resulted in maximum biomass and lipid yield of 1.28 ± 0.03 and 0.3968 ± 0.05 g/L, respectively when cultivated with 40% CFAE. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile of bio-diesel obtained shown the presence of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), arachidic acid (C20:0), and gondoic acid (C20:1), as major fatty acids. These facts reflect that the fruit pulp of Cassia fistula L. can be used for cultivation of C. minutissima. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title="biomass">biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-diesel" title=" bio-diesel"> bio-diesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassia%20fistula%20L." title=" Cassia fistula L."> Cassia fistula L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20minutissima" title=" C. minutissima"> C. minutissima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS" title=" GC-MS"> GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104778/biodiesel-production-from-fruit-pulp-of-cassia-fistula-l-using-green-microalga-chlorella-minutissima" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">683</span> Enzymatic Saccharification of Dilute Alkaline Pre-treated Microalgal (Tetraselmis suecica) Biomass for Biobutanol Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Kassim">M. A. Kassim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Potumarthi"> R. Potumarthi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tanksale"> A. Tanksale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20C.%20Srivatsa"> S. C. Srivatsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bhattacharya"> S. Bhattacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enzymatic saccharification of biomass for reducing sugar production is one of the crucial processes in biofuel production through biochemical conversion. In this study, enzymatic saccharification of dilute potassium hydroxide (KOH) pre-treated Tetraselmis suecica biomass was carried out by using cellulase enzyme obtained from Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Initially, the pre-treatment conditions were optimised by changing alkali reagent concentration, retention time for reaction, and temperature. The T. suecica biomass after pre-treatment was also characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra and Scanning Electron Microscope. These analyses revealed that the functional group such as acetyl and hydroxyl groups, structure and surface of T. suecica biomass were changed through pre-treatment, which is favourable for enzymatic saccharification process. Comparison of enzymatic saccharification of untreated and pre-treated microalgal biomass indicated that higher level of reducing sugar can be obtained from pre-treated T. suecica. Enzymatic saccharification of pre-treated T. suecica biomass was optimised by changing temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration to solid ratio ([E]/[S]). Highest conversion of carbohydrate into reducing sugar of 95% amounted to reducing sugar yield of 20 (wt%) from pre-treated T. suecica was obtained from saccharification, at temperature: 40°C, pH: 4.5 and [E]/[S] of 0.1 after 72 h of incubation. Hydrolysate obtained from enzymatic saccharification of pretreated T. suecica biomass was further fermented into biobutanol using Clostridium saccharoperbutyliticum as biocatalyst. The results from this study demonstrate a positive prospect of application of dilute alkaline pre-treatment to enhance enzymatic saccharification and biobutanol production from microalgal biomass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20biomass" title="microalgal biomass">microalgal biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzymatic%20saccharification" title=" enzymatic saccharification"> enzymatic saccharification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biobutanol" title=" biobutanol"> biobutanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation"> fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12717/enzymatic-saccharification-of-dilute-alkaline-pre-treated-microalgal-tetraselmis-suecica-biomass-for-biobutanol-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12717.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">682</span> Total Lipid of Mutant Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azlin%20S%20Azmi">Azlin S Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mus%E2%80%99ab%20Zainal"> Mus’ab Zainal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarina%20Sulaiman"> Sarina Sulaiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azura%20Amid"> Azura Amid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaki%20Zainudin"> Zaki Zainudin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalgae lipid is a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. The objective of this work was to study growth factors affecting marine mutant Synechococcus sp. (PCC 7002) for high lipid production. Four growth factors were investigated; nitrogen-phosporus-potassium (NPK) concentration, light intensity, temperature and NaNO3 concentration on mutant strain growth and lipid production were studied. Design Expert v8.0 was used to design the experimental and analyze the data. The experimental design selected was Min-Run Res IV which consists of 12 runs and the response surfaces measured were specific growth rate and lipid concentration. The extraction of lipid was conducted by chloroform/methanol solvents system. Based on the study, mutant Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 gave the highest specific growth rate of 0.0014 h-1 at 0% NPK, 2500 lux, 40oC and 0% NaNO3. On the other hand, the highest lipid concentration was obtained at 0% NPK, 3500 lux, 30°C and 1% NaNO3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyanobacteria" title="Cyanobacteria">Cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutant" title=" mutant"> mutant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20Synechococcus%20sp.%20%28PCC%207002%29" title=" marine Synechococcus sp. (PCC 7002)"> marine Synechococcus sp. (PCC 7002)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20growth%20rate" title=" specific growth rate"> specific growth rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8067/total-lipid-of-mutant-synechococcus-sp-pcc-7002" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">681</span> Protein and Lipid Extraction from Microalgae with Ultrasound Assisted Osmotic Shock Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nais%20Pinta%20Adetya">Nais Pinta Adetya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hadiyanto"> H. Hadiyanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalgae has a potential to be utilized as food and natural colorant. The microalgae components consists of three main parts, these are lipid, protein, and carbohydrate. Crucial step in producing lipid and protein from microalgae is extraction. Microalgae has high water level (70-90%), it causes drying process of biomass needs much more energy and also has potential to distract lipid and protein from microalgae. Extraction of lipid from wet biomass is able to take place efficiently with cell disruption of microalgae by osmotic shock method. In this study, osmotic shock method was going to be integrated with ultrasound to maximalize the extraction yield of lipid and protein from wet biomass Spirulina sp. with osmotic shock method assisted ultrasound. This study consisted of two steps, these were osmotic shock process toward wet biomass and ultrasound extraction assisted. NaCl solution was used as osmotic agent, with the variation of concentrations were 10%, 20%, and 30%. Extraction was conducted in 40°C for 20 minutes with frequency of ultrasound wave was 40kHz. The optimal yield of protein (2.7%) and (lipid 38%) were achieved at 20% osmotic agent concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmotic%20shock" title=" osmotic shock"> osmotic shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76886/protein-and-lipid-extraction-from-microalgae-with-ultrasound-assisted-osmotic-shock-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">680</span> Microbial Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Petroleum Refinery Sludge: A Consortial Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dheepshika%20Kodieswaran">Dheepshika Kodieswaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The persisting problem in the world that continuously impose our planet at risk is the increasing amounts of recalcitrant. One such issue is the disposal of the Petroleum Refinery Sludge (PRS) which constitutes hydrocarbons that are hazardous to terrestrial and aquatic life. The comparatively safe approach to handling these wastes is by microbial degradation, while the other chemical and physical methods are either expensive and/or produce secondary pollutants. The bacterial and algal systems have different pathways for the degradation of hydrocarbons, and their growth rates vary. This study shows how different bacterial and microalgal strains degrade the polyaromatic hydrocarbon PAHs individually and their symbiotic influence on degradation as well. In this system, the metabolites and gaseous exchange help each other in growth. This method using also aids in the accumulation of lipids in microalgal cells and from which bio-oils can also be extracted. The bacterial strains used in this experiment are reported to be indigenous strains isolated from PRS. The target PAH studied were anthracene and pyrene for a period of 28 days. The PAH degradation kinetics best fitted the Gompertz model, and the order of the kinetics, rate constants, and half-life was determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20refinery%20sludge" title="petroleum refinery sludge">petroleum refinery sludge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-culturing" title=" co-culturing"> co-culturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycyclic%20hydrocarbons" title=" polycyclic hydrocarbons"> polycyclic hydrocarbons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal-bacterial%20consortia" title=" microalgal-bacterial consortia"> microalgal-bacterial consortia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158365/microbial-removal-of-polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-from-petroleum-refinery-sludge-a-consortial-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158365.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">679</span> Cell Biomass and Lipid Productivities of Meyerella planktonica under Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rory%20Anthony%20Hutagalung">Rory Anthony Hutagalung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonardus%20Widjaja"> Leonardus Widjaja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalgae Meyerella planktonica is a potential biofuel source because it can grow in bulk in either autotrophic or heterotrophic condition. However, the quantitative growth of this algal type is still low as it tends to precipitates on the bottom. Beside, the lipid concentration is still low when grown in autotrophic condition. In contrast, heterotrophic condition can enhance the lipid concentration. The combination of autotrophic condition and agitation treatment was conducted to increase the density of the culture. On the other hand, a heterotrophic condition was set up to raise the lipid production. A two-stage experiment was applied to increase the density at the first step and to increase the lipid concentration in the next step. The autotrophic condition resulted higher density but lower lipid concentration compared to heterotrophic one. The agitation treatment produced higher density in both autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. The two-stage experiment managed to enhance the density during the autotrophic stage and the lipid concentration during the heterotrophic stage. The highest yield was performed by using 0.4% v/v glycerol as a carbon source (2.9±0.016 x 106 cells w/w) attained 7 days after the heterotrophic stage began. The lipid concentration was stable starting from day 7. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agitation" title="agitation">agitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycerol" title=" glycerol"> glycerol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterotrophic" title=" heterotrophic"> heterotrophic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20productivity" title=" lipid productivity"> lipid productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meyerella%20planktonica" title=" Meyerella planktonica"> Meyerella planktonica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29280/cell-biomass-and-lipid-productivities-of-meyerella-planktonica-under-autotrophic-and-heterotrophic-growth-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">678</span> Lipid Nanoparticles for Spironolactone Delivery: Physicochemical Characteristics, Stability and Invitro Release</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20R.%20Kelidari">H. R. Kelidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saeedi"> M. Saeedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Akbari"> J. Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Morteza-Semnani"> K. Morteza-Semnani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Valizadeh"> H. Valizadeh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spironolactoe (SP) a synthetic steroid diuretic is a poorly water-soluble drug with a low and variable oral bioavailability. Regarding to the good solubility of SP in lipid materials, SP loaded Solid lipid nanoparticles (SP-SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carrier (SP-SLNs) were thus prepared in this work for accelerating dissolution of this drug. The SP loaded NLC with stearic acid (SA) as solid lipid and different Oleic Acid (OA) as liquid lipid content and SLN without OA were prepared by probe ultrasonication method. With increasing the percentage of OA from 0 to 30 wt% in SLN/NLC, the average size and zeta potential of nanoparticles felled down and entrapment efficiency (EE %) rose dramatically. The obtained micrograph particles showed pronounced spherical shape. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) measurements indicated that the presence of OA reduced the melting temperature and melting enthalpy of solid lipid in NLC structure. The results reflected good long-term stability of the nanoparticles and the measurements show that the particle size remains lower in NLC compare to SLN formulations, 6 months after production. Dissolution of SP-SLN and SP-NLC was about 5.1 and 7.2 times faster than raw drugs in 120 min respectively. These results indicated that the SP loaded NLC containing 70:30 solid lipid to liquid lipid ratio is a suitable carrier of SP with improved drug EE and steady drug release properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20release" title="drug release">drug release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20nanoparticles" title=" lipid nanoparticles"> lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spironolactone" title=" spironolactone"> spironolactone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30285/lipid-nanoparticles-for-spironolactone-delivery-physicochemical-characteristics-stability-and-invitro-release" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">677</span> Papaya Leaf in Broiler Chicken Feed Reducing Lipid Peroxidation of Meat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ebrahimi">M. Ebrahimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Maroufyan"> E. Maroufyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shakeri"> M. Shakeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Oskoueian"> E. Oskoueian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F%20Soleimani"> A. F Soleimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20M.%20Goh"> Y. M. Goh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lipid peroxidation is a main reason of low quality in meat and meat products. The free radical chain reaction is the major process of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radical and hydroperoxyl radical are the main starter of the chain reaction. Papaya leaf contains several secondary metabolites which can be used as a potential antioxidant in broiler feed. Hence, this research was carried out to evaluate the potential of papaya leaf to prevent lipid peroxidation and enhance the antioxidant activity of breast meat of broiler chicken. The results showed that supplementation of papaya leaf at 5%, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the lipid peroxidation compared to control group. The supplementation of papaya leaf prevented from lipid peroxidation and enhanced the antioxidant activity of the broiler breast meat significantly (p < 0.05) after different storage periods. Papaya leaf reduced the lipid oxidation of meat during storage with strong free radical-scavenging ability. In conclusion, supplementation of papaya leaf in broiler diet to have high quality meat is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title="antioxidant activity">antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=papaya%20leaf" title=" papaya leaf"> papaya leaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20meat" title=" breast meat"> breast meat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20peroxidation" title=" lipid peroxidation"> lipid peroxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17709/papaya-leaf-in-broiler-chicken-feed-reducing-lipid-peroxidation-of-meat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">676</span> Identification of the Microalgae Species in a Wild Mix Culture Acclimated to Landfill Leachate and Ammonia Removal Performances in a Microbubble Assisted Photobioreactor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neslihan%20Ozman%20Say">Neslihan Ozman Say</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jim%20Gilmour"> Jim Gilmour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratik%20Desai"> Pratik Desai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Zimmerman"> William Zimmerman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landfill leachate treatment has been attracting researchers recently for various environmental and economical reasons. Leachate discharge to receiving waterbodies without treatment causes serious detrimental effects including partial oxygen depletion due to high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations besides toxicity of heavy metals it contains and high ammonia concentrations. In this study, it is aimed to show microalgal ammonia removal performances of a wild microalgae consortia as an alternative treatment method and determine the dominant leachate tolerant species for this consortia. For the microalgae species identification experiments a microalgal consortium which has been isolated from a local pond in Sheffield inoculated in %5 diluted raw landfill leachate and acclimated to the leachate by batch feeding for a month. In order to determine the most tolerant microalgal consortium, four different untreated landfill leachate samples have been used as diluted in four different ratios as 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. Microalgae cell samples have been collected from all experiment sets and have been examined by using 18S rDNA sequencing and specialised gel electrophoresis which are adapted molecular biodiversity methods. The best leachate tolerant algal consortium is being used in order to determine ammonia removal performances of the culture in a microbubble assisted photobioreactor (PBR). A porous microbubble diffuser which is supported by a fluidic oscillator is being used for dosing CO₂ and air mixture in the PBR. It is known that high mass transfer performance of microbubble technology provides a better removal efficiency and a better mixing in the photobioreactor. Ammonia concentrations and microalgal growth are being monitored for PBR currently. It is aimed to present all the results of the study in final paper submission. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia%20removal%20from%20leachate" title="ammonia removal from leachate">ammonia removal from leachate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill%20leachate%20treatment" title=" landfill leachate treatment"> landfill leachate treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae%20species%20identification" title=" microalgae species identification"> microalgae species identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbubble%20assisted%20photobioreactors" title=" microbubble assisted photobioreactors"> microbubble assisted photobioreactors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103287/identification-of-the-microalgae-species-in-a-wild-mix-culture-acclimated-to-landfill-leachate-and-ammonia-removal-performances-in-a-microbubble-assisted-photobioreactor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103287.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">675</span> Topical Delivery of Griseofulvin via Lipid Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yann%20Jean%20Tan">Yann Jean Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hui%20Meng%20Er"> Hui Meng Er</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choy%20Sin%20Lee"> Choy Sin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shew%20Fung%20Wong"> Shew Fung Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Huei%20Lim"> Wen Huei Lim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Griseofulvin is a long standing fungistatic agent against dermatophytosis. Nevertheless, it has several drawbacks such as poor and highly variable bio availability, long duration of treatment, systemic side effects and drug interactions. Targeted treatment for the superficial skin infection, dermatophytosis via topical route could be beneficial. Nevertheless, griseofulvin is only available in the form of oral preparation. Hence, it generates interest in developing a topical formulation for griseofulvin, by using lipid nano particle as the vehicle. Lipid nanoparticle is a submicron colloidal carrier with a core that is solid in nature (lipid). It has combined advantages of various traditional carriers and is a promising vehicle for topical delivery. The griseofulvin loaded lipid nano particles produced using high pressure homogenization method were characterized and investigated for its skin targeting effect in vitro. It has a mean particle size of 179.8±4.9 nm with polydispersity index of 0.306±0.011. Besides, it showed higher skin permeation and better skin targeting effect compared to the griseofulvin suspension. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20nanoparticles" title="lipid nanoparticles">lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=griseofulvin" title=" griseofulvin"> griseofulvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical" title=" topical"> topical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatophytosis" title=" dermatophytosis"> dermatophytosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18028/topical-delivery-of-griseofulvin-via-lipid-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">458</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">674</span> Spinach Lipid Extract as an Alternative Flow Aid for Fat Suspensions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nizaha%20Juhaida%20Mohamad">Nizaha Juhaida Mohamad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Gray"> David Gray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bettina%20Wolf"> Bettina Wolf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chocolate is a material composite with a high fraction of solid particles dispersed in a fat phase largely composed of cocoa butter. Viscosity properties of chocolate can be manipulated by the amount of fat - increased levels of fat lead to lower viscosity. However, a high content of cocoa butter can increase the cost of the chocolate and instead surfactants are used to manipulate viscosity behaviour. Most commonly, lecithin and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) are used. Lecithin is a natural lipid emulsifier which is based on phospholipids while PGPR is a chemically produced emulsifier which based on the long continuous chain of ricinoleic acid. Lecithin and PGPR act to lower the viscosity and yield stress, respectively. Recently, natural lipid emulsifiers based on galactolipid as the functional ingredient have become of interest. Spinach lipid is found to have a high amount of galactolipid, specifically MGDG and DGDG. The aim of this research is to explore the influence of spinach lipid in comparison with PGPR and lecithin on the rheological properties of sugar/oil suspensions which serve as chocolate model system. For that purpose, icing sugar was dispersed from 40%, 45% and 50% (w/w) in oil which has spinach lipid at concentrations from 0.1 – 0.7% (w/w). Based on viscosity at 40 s-1 and yield value reported as shear stress measured at 5 s-1, it was found that spinach lipid shows viscosity reducing and yield stress lowering effects comparable to lecithin and PGPR, respectively. This characteristic of spinach lipid demonstrates great potential for it to act as single natural lipid emulsifier in chocolate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chocolate%20viscosity" title="chocolate viscosity">chocolate viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lecithin" title=" lecithin"> lecithin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyglycerol%20polyricinoleate%20%28PGPR%29" title=" polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR)"> polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinach%20lipid" title=" spinach lipid"> spinach lipid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46928/spinach-lipid-extract-as-an-alternative-flow-aid-for-fat-suspensions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46928.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">673</span> An Analytical Study on the Effect of Chronic Liver Disease Severity and Etiology on Lipid Profiles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thinakar%20Mani%20Balusamy">Thinakar Mani Balusamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkateswaran%20A.%20R."> Venkateswaran A. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bharat%20Narasimhan"> Bharat Narasimhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratnakar%20Kini%20S."> Ratnakar Kini S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kani%20Sheikh%20M."> Kani Sheikh M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prem%20Kumar%20K."> Prem Kumar K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pugazhendi%20Thangavelu"> Pugazhendi Thangavelu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Murugan"> Arun Murugan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibi%20Thooran%20Karmegam"> Sibi Thooran Karmegam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radhakrishnan%20N."> Radhakrishnan N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Noufal"> Mohammed Noufal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Soni"> Amit Soni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: The liver is integral to lipid metabolism, and a compromise in its function leads to perturbations in these pathways. In this study, we hope to determine the correlation between CLD severity and its effect on lipid parameters. We also look at the etiology-specific effects on lipid levels. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 250 patients with cirrhosis compared to 250 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Severity assessment of CLD using MELD and Child-Pugh scores was performed and etiological details collected. A questionnaire was used to obtain patient demographic details and lastly, a fasting lipid profile (Total, LDL, HDL cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL) was obtained. Results: All components of the lipid profile declined linearly with increasing severity of CLD as determined by MELD and Child-Pugh scores. Lipid levels were clearly lower in CLD patients as compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, preliminary analysis indicated that CLD of different etiologies had differential effects on Lipid profiles. This aspect is under further analysis. Conclusion: All components of the lipid profile were definitely lower in CLD patients as compared to controls and demonstrated an inverse correlation with increasing severity. The utilization of this parameter as a prognosticating aid requires further study. Additionally, preliminary analysis indicates that various CLD etiologies appear to have specific effects on the lipid profile – a finding under further analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CLD" title="CLD">CLD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholesterol" title=" cholesterol"> cholesterol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HDL" title=" HDL"> HDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LDL" title=" LDL"> LDL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20profile" title=" lipid profile"> lipid profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triglycerides" title=" triglycerides"> triglycerides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VLDL" title=" VLDL"> VLDL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81615/an-analytical-study-on-the-effect-of-chronic-liver-disease-severity-and-etiology-on-lipid-profiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81615.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">672</span> Critical Role of Lipid Rafts in Influenza a Virus Binding to Host Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dileep%20Kumar%20Verma">Dileep Kumar Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kumar%20Lal"> Sunil Kumar Lal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Influenza still remains one of the most challenging diseases posing significant threat to public health causing seasonal epidemics and pandemics. Influenza A Virus (IAV) surface protein hemagglutinin is known to play an important role in viral attachment to the host sialic acid receptors and concentrate in lipid rafts for efficient viral fusion. Selective nature of Influenza A virus to utilize rafts micro-domain for efficient virus assembly and budding has been explored in depth. However, the detailed mechanism of IAV binding to host cell membrane and entry into the host remains elusive. In the present study we investigated the role of lipid rafts in early life cycle events of IAV. Role of host lipid rafts was studied using raft disruption method by extraction of cholesterol by Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin. Using GM1, a well-known lipid raft marker, we were able to observe co-localization of IAV on lipid rafts on the host cell membrane. This experiment suggests a direct involvement of lipid rafts in the initiation of the IAV life cycle. Upon disruption of lipid rafts by Methyl-b-cyclodextrin, we observed a significant reduction in IAV binding on the host cell surface indicating a significant decrease in virus attachment to coherent membrane rafts. Our results provide proof that host lipid rafts and their constituents play an important role in the adsorption of IAV. This study opens a new avenues in IAV virus-host interactions to combat infection at a very early steps of the viral lifecycle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20raft" title="lipid raft">lipid raft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholesterol" title=" cholesterol"> cholesterol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methyl-%CE%B2-cyclodextrin" title=" methyl-β-cyclodextrin"> methyl-β-cyclodextrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GM1" title=" GM1"> GM1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43068/critical-role-of-lipid-rafts-in-influenza-a-virus-binding-to-host-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">671</span> Blood Lipid Profile and Liver Lipid Peroxidation in Normal Rat Fed with Different Concentrations of Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eqbal%20M.%20A.%20Dauqan">Eqbal M. A. Dauqan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aminah"> A. Aminah </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study was to evaluate the blood lipid profile and liver lipid peroxidation in normal rat fed with different concentrations of <em>Acacia senegal</em> and <em>Acacia seyal</em>. Thirty six Sprague Dawley male rats each weighing between 180-200g were randomly divided into two groups. Each group contains eighteen rats and were divided into three groups of 6 rats per group. The rats were fed <em>ad libitum</em> with commercial rat’s feed and tap water containing different concentrations of <em>Acacia senegal</em> and <em>A</em><em>cacia seyal </em>(3<em><span dir="RTL">%</span></em> and 6%) for 4 weeks. The results at 4 weeks showed that there was no significant difference (p≤0.05) in the total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) between the control group and treated groups while the results for the high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) showed a significant decrease (P≥0.05) at the 3% and 6% of gum arabic treated groups compared to control group. There was a significant increase (P≥0.05) in low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) with 3% and 6% of gum Arabic (GA) groups compared to the control group. The study indicated that there was no significant (p≤0.05) effect on TC and TG but there was significant effect (P≥0.05) on HDL-C and LDL-C in blood lipid profile of normal rat. The results showed that after 4 weeks of treatment the malondialdehyde (MDA) value in rat fed with 6% of <em>A. seyal</em> group was significantly higher (P≥0.05) than control or other treated groups of <em>A. seyal and A. senegal</em> studied. Thus, the two species of gum arabic did not have beneficial effect on blood lipid profile and lipid peroxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acacia%20senegal" title="Acacia senegal">Acacia senegal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acacia%20seyal" title=" acacia seyal"> acacia seyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20profile" title=" lipid profile"> lipid profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20peroxidation" title=" lipid peroxidation"> lipid peroxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malondialdehyde%20%28MDA%29" title=" malondialdehyde (MDA)"> malondialdehyde (MDA)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12382/blood-lipid-profile-and-liver-lipid-peroxidation-in-normal-rat-fed-with-different-concentrations-of-acacia-senegal-and-acacia-seyal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">670</span> Extracts of Ocimum gratissimum Leaves Inhibits Fe2+ and Sodium Nitroprusside Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwafemi%20Ojo">Oluwafemi Ojo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omotade%20Oloyede"> Omotade Oloyede </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study seeks to investigate the antioxidative properties and the ability of aqueous, ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts from Ocimum gratissimum (OG) leaves to inhibit some pro-oxidants (Fe2+ and sodium nitroprusside) induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s liver homogenates in vitro. The ability of the extracts to inhibit 25 µM FeSO4 and 7.0 µM sodium nitroprusside induced lipid peroxidation in isolated rat’s liver was determined. The results of the study revealed that both pro-oxidants caused a significantly decrease in (p < 0.05) accumulation of lipid peroxides. However, aqueous extract of OG shows a high ability to inhibit lipid production in the liver induced with SNP than Fe2+. Ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract of OG which shows a high ability to inhibit lipid production more when induced with Fe2+ than SNP. However, ethyl acetate fraction of OG shows a higher inhibitory effect on both Fe2+ and SNP induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s liver. This applies to its significantly higher extractable phytochemicals. Therefore, Fe II and sodium nitroprusside induced oxidative stress could be managed by dietary intake of Ocimum gratissimum leaves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidative" title="antioxidative">antioxidative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pro-oxidants" title=" pro-oxidants"> pro-oxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20peroxidation" title=" lipid peroxidation"> lipid peroxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ocimum%20gratissimum" title=" Ocimum gratissimum "> Ocimum gratissimum </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23636/extracts-of-ocimum-gratissimum-leaves-inhibits-fe2-and-sodium-nitroprusside-induced-oxidative-stress-in-rat-liver" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">669</span> Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth and Body Composition of Juvenile Fancy Carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Koi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20Choi">Jin Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Aminikhoei"> Zahra Aminikhoei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Oh%20Kim"> Yi-Oh Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Min%20Lee"> Sang-Min Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 4 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile fancy carp, Cyprinus carpio var. koi. Eight experimental diets were formulated to contain four protein levels (200, 300, 400, and 500 g kg-1) with two lipid levels (70 and 140 g kg-1). Triplicate groups of fish (initial weight, 12.1±0.2 g fish-1) were hand-fed the diets to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. Weight gain, daily feed intake, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio were significantly (P < 0.0001) affected by dietary protein level, but not by dietary lipid level (P > 0.05). Weight gain and feed efficiency ratio tended to increase as dietary protein level increased up to 400 and 500 g kg-1, respectively. Daily feed intake of fish decreased with increasing dietary protein level and that of fish fed diet contained 500 g kg-1 protein was significantly lower than other fish groups. The protein efficiency ratio of fish fed 400 and 500 g kg-1 protein was lower than that of fish fed 200 and 300 g kg-1 protein. Moisture, crude protein and crude lipid contents of muscle and liver were significantly affected by dietary protein, but not by dietary lipid level (P > 0.05). The increase in dietary lipid level resulted in an increase in linoleic acid in liver and muscle paralleled with a decrease in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids content in muscle of fish. In considering these results, it was concluded that the diet containing 400 g kg-1 protein with 70 g kg-1 lipid level is optimal for growth and efficient feed utilization of juvenile fancy carp. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fancy%20carp" title="fancy carp">fancy carp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20protein" title=" dietary protein"> dietary protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20lipid" title=" dietary lipid"> dietary lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cyprinus%20carpio" title=" Cyprinus carpio"> Cyprinus carpio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fatty%20acid" title=" fatty acid"> fatty acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17701/effects-of-dietary-protein-and-lipid-levels-on-growth-and-body-composition-of-juvenile-fancy-carp-cyprinus-carpio-var-koi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17701.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">668</span> Development of capsaicin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwanputtha%20Arunprasert">Kwanputtha Arunprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaiyakarn%20Pornpitchanarong"> Chaiyakarn Pornpitchanarong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praneet%20Opanasopit"> Praneet Opanasopit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasopchai%20Patrojanasophon">Prasopchai Patrojanasophon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Capsaicin, a recently FDA-approved drug for the topical treatment of neuropathic pain, is associated with several side effects like burning sensation and erythema leading to severe skin irritation and poor patient compliance. These unwanted side effects are due to the rapid penetration of capsaicin into the epidermis and low permeation to the dermis layer. The purpose of this study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) that entrapped capsaicin for reducing dermal irritation. Solid lipid (glyceryl monostearate (GM), cetyl palmitate (CP), cetyl alcohol (COH), stearic acid (SA), and stearyl alcohol (SOH)) and surfactant (Tween®80, Tween®20, and Span®20) were varied to obtained optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs. The formulation using CP as solid lipid and Tween®80 as a surfactant (F2) demonstrated the smallest size, excellent colloidal stability, and narrow range distribution of the particles as being analyzed using Zetasizer. The obtained capsaicin-loaded NLCs were then characterized by entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC). The release characteristics followed Higuchi kinetics, and the prolonged capsaicin release may result in the reduction in skin irritation. These results could demonstrate the potentials of capsaicinloaded lipid-based nanoparticles for topical drug delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capsaicin" title="capsaicin">capsaicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid-based%20nanoparticles" title=" lipid-based nanoparticles"> lipid-based nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructured%20lipid%20carriers" title=" nanostructured lipid carriers"> nanostructured lipid carriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20drug%20delivery%20system" title=" topical drug delivery system"> topical drug delivery system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179761/development-of-capsaicin-loaded-nanostructured-lipid-carriers-for-topical-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">667</span> Relation between Copper, Lipid Profile, and Cognition in Elderly Jordanians</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Al-khateeba">Eman Al-khateeba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebaa%20Al-Zayadneha"> Ebaa Al-Zayadneha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Al-Dalahmahb"> Osama Al-Dalahmahb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeinab%20Alawadib"> Zeinab Alawadib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20Khatiba"> Faisal Khatiba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Randa%20Naffaa"> Randa Naffaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanal%20Shafagoj"> Yanal Shafagoj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the current study was to examine the association of plasma copper and lipid concentrations with changes in cognitive function in elderly Jordanian individuals. The study population consisted of two groups; 52 subjects with dementia, and 50 controls. All individuals were screened with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clock drawing test (CDT).Serum copper and lipid profile were assessed in all subjects, and the results were statistically evaluated at P < 0.05 level of significance. Dementia group had 10.1 % higher copper levels than controls however the difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences could be found between the two groups in lipid profile levels. There was no significant correlation between serum copper, lipid profile and cognitive decline in elderly Jordanians. Demographic variables indicate that educational level less than 12 years and illiterate demonstrated a 3.29 fold (p=0.026) and 6.29 fold (p=0.002) increase in risk of developing dementia, respectively. While coffee intake showed a protective effect against cognitive decline with 6.25 fold lower risk with increased coffee intake. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title="copper">copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cholesterol" title=" cholesterol"> cholesterol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dementia" title=" dementia"> dementia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alzheimer%27s%20disease" title=" Alzheimer's disease"> Alzheimer's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20profile" title=" lipid profile"> lipid profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coffee" title=" coffee"> coffee</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3050/relation-between-copper-lipid-profile-and-cognition-in-elderly-jordanians" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">666</span> Glycine Betaine Affects Antioxidant Response and Lipid Peroxidation in Wheat Genotypes under Water-Deficit Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Thind">S. K. Thind</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Gupta"> Neha Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Glycine betaine (N, N’, N’’– trimethyl glycine), (GB) as aqueous solution (100 mM) containing 0.1% TWEEN-20 (Ploythylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate) was sprayed on selected nineteen wheat genotypes at maximum tillering and anthesis stages. Water-deficit conditions resulted in lipid peroxidation. GB applications reduced lipid peroxidation in all wheat genotypes at both the stages. Catalase (CAT) activity was recorded more in control than under stressed conditions in selected wheat genotypes at both the stages; GB had no effect. The ascorbic acid content in leaves of selected genotypes increased under water deficit. A genotypic variability in Ascorbate peroxidase (APx) activity was recorded and GB treatment decreased it. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased significantly under water-deficit at both stages in all genotypes. In present study, prolonged water-deficit conditions caused CAT deficiency/suppression which was compensated by APX and SOD; and GB exogenous application mitigated negative effect of water-deficit stress on lipid peroxidation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycine-betaine" title="glycine-betaine">glycine-betaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20peroxidation" title=" lipid peroxidation"> lipid peroxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROS" title=" ROS"> ROS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20deficit%20stress" title=" water deficit stress"> water deficit stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14137/glycine-betaine-affects-antioxidant-response-and-lipid-peroxidation-in-wheat-genotypes-under-water-deficit-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14137.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">449</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=23">23</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=24">24</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgal%20lipid&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>