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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Evoluția_cavității_bucale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evoluția_cavității_bucale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Evoluția cavității bucale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evoluția_cavității_bucale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolile_mucoasei_cavitații_orale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolile_mucoasei_cavitații_orale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bolile mucoasei cavitații orale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolile_mucoasei_cavitații_orale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolile_gingiei_(parodonțiului_marginal)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolile_gingiei_(parodonțiului_marginal)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bolile gingiei (parodonțiului marginal)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolile_gingiei_(parodonțiului_marginal)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolile_dinților" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolile_dinților"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bolile dinților</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolile_dinților-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cazuri_particulare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cazuri_particulare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cazuri particulare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cazuri_particulare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mijloace_de_igienizare_a_cavității_bucale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mijloace_de_igienizare_a_cavității_bucale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mijloace de igienizare a cavității bucale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mijloace_de_igienizare_a_cavității_bucale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Surse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cavitate bucală</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 152 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-152" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">152 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mond" title="Mond – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mond" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8D%8D" title="አፍ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አፍ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca" title="Boca – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Boca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%85" title="فم – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%98%DC%A1%DC%90" title="ܦܘܡܐ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܘܡܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A1" title="بوء – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوء" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca" title="Boca – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Boca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oton" title="Oton – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Oton" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="КӀал – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="КӀал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laka" title="Laka – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Laka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9F%C4%B1z" title="Ağız – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağız" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="آغیز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آغیز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangkem" title="Cangkem – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Cangkem" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borna" title="Borna – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Borna" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngimot" title="Ngimot – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ngimot" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bua%27" title="Bua' – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Bua'" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Рот – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рот" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Рот – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рот" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacot" title="Bacot – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bacot" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Уста – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уста" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntung" title="Muntung – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Muntung" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0" title="মুখবিবর – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুখবিবর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁ། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geno%C3%B9_(korf)" title="Genoù (korf) – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Genoù (korf)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usta" title="Usta – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Usta" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca" title="Boca – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Boca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B3i" title="Chói – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chói" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5)" title="Бага (меже) – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бага (меже)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85" title="دەم – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocca" title="Bocca – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Bocca" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Asta" title="Ústa – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ústa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Çăвар – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çăвар" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceg" title="Ceg – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ceg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mund" title="Mund – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mund" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noli" title="Noli – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Noli" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mund" title="Mund – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mund" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fek" title="Fek – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fek" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Στόμα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Στόμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth" title="Mouth – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mouth" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C5%9Do" title="Buŝo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Buŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca" title="Boca – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Boca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suu" title="Suu – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aho" title="Aho – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Aho" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86" title="دهان – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suu" title="Suu – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Suu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suu_(anatoomia)" title="Suu (anatoomia) – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Suu (anatoomia)" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusu" title="Gusu – fijiană" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Gusu" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouche" title="Bouche – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bouche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BBle" title="Mûle – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mûle" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9al" title="Béal – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Béal" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beul" title="Beul – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beul" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca" title="Boca – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Boca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juru" title="Juru – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Juru" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngango" title="Ngango – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Ngango" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi" title="Choi – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Choi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%94" title="פה – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B9" title="मुँह – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मुँह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usta" title="Usta – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Usta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouch" title="Bouch – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Bouch" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A1j%C3%BCreg" title="Szájüreg – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szájüreg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բերան – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բերան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucca" title="Bucca – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bucca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyawa" title="Nyawa – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Nyawa" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulut" title="Mulut – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mulut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onu" title="Onu – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Onu" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaniq" title="Qaniq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Qaniq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munnur" title="Munnur – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Munnur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocca" title="Bocca – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bocca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3" title="口 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="口" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/moklu" title="moklu – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="moklu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cangkem" title="Cangkem – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cangkem" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imi" title="Imi – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Imi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%94%C9%94" title="Nɔɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nɔɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banguk" title="Banguk – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Banguk" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D2%9B%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Ауыз қуысы – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ауыз қуысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ಬಾಯಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%85" title="입 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="입" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B2%D8%B3" title="ٲس – cașmiră" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ٲس" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cașmiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korta_dev%C3%AE" title="Korta devî – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Korta devî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Вом – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Вом" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Ооз – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ооз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_(anatomia_oris)" title="Os (anatomia oris) – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Os (anatomia oris)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mond" title="Mond – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Mond" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8C%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="КьацӀ – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="КьацӀ" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca" title="Boca – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Boca" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B3ndj" title="Móndj – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Móndj" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocca" title="Bocca – lombardă" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bocca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C9%94k%C9%94" title="Monɔkɔ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Monɔkɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burna" title="Burna – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Burna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mute" title="Mute – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mute" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vava" title="Vava – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vava" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Усна празнина – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Усна празнина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF" title="വായ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വായ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="तोंड – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तोंड" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulut" title="Mulut – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mulut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Курго – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Курго" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%AF" title="تگ – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تگ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camatl" title="Camatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Camatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocca_(anatum%C3%ADa)" title="Vocca (anatumía) – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Vocca (anatumía)" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96" title="मुख – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुख" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81" title="म्हुतु – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्हुतु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mond_(orgaan)" title="Mond (orgaan) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mond (orgaan)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munn" title="Munn – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Munn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munn" title="Munn – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Munn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca_(anatomia)" title="Boca (anatomia) – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Boca (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B9" title="ਮੂੰਹ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੂੰਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangi" title="Sangi – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Sangi" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbuk" title="Asbuk – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Asbuk" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama_g%C4%99bowa" title="Jama gębowa – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jama gębowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%98%DB%81%DB%81" title="مون٘ہہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مون٘ہہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca" title="Boca – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Boca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simi" title="Simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gur%C3%A2" title="Gurâ – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Gurâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Рот – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рот" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वक्त्रम् – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वक्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vucca_(anatum%C3%ACa)" title="Vucca (anatumìa) – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vucca (anatumìa)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mooth" title="Mooth – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mooth" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usna_duplja" title="Usna duplja – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Usna duplja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth" title="Mouth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mouth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usta" title="Usta – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Usta" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af" title="Af – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goja" title="Goja – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Goja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Уста – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Уста" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baham" title="Baham – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Baham" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun" title="Mun – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinywa" title="Kinywa – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kinywa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/laway" title="laway – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="laway" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="வாய் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/nqwaq" title="nqwaq – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="nqwaq" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF" title="ಬಾಯಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಬಾಯಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="నోరు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నోరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Даҳон – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81" title="ปาก – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปาก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibig" title="Bibig – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bibig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9F%C4%B1z" title="Ağız – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ağız" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%BA%D9%89%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%84%DB%87%D9%82%D9%89" title="ئېغىز بوشلۇقى – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېغىز بوشلۇقى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Рот – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рот" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%81" title="منہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="منہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%E1%BB%87ng" title="Miệng – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Miệng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moend" title="Moend – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Moend" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud" title="Mud – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Mud" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boke" title="Boke – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Boke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0b%C3%A0" title="Bàbà – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bàbà" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94" title="口腔 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="口腔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umlomo" title="Umlomo – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Umlomo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C" title="מויל – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מויל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak_(gi%27gvanh)" title="Bak (gi'gvanh) – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Bak (gi'gvanh)" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94" title="口腔 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="口腔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3" title="口 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="口" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%B9i" title="Chhùi – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhùi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A3" title="口 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="口" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umlomo" title="Umlomo – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umlomo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9635#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="dezambiguizare">Pagina „Gură” trimite aici.<i> </i>Pentru alte sensuri vedeți <a href="/wiki/Gur%C4%83_(dezambiguizare)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gură (dezambiguizare)">Gură (dezambiguizare)</a>.</div> <table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet blank" style="background-color:dimgray;color:white;"><i>Cavitatea bucală</i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Close_up_man_lips.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Close_up_man_lips.jpg/250px-Close_up_man_lips.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Close_up_man_lips.jpg/375px-Close_up_man_lips.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Close_up_man_lips.jpg/500px-Close_up_man_lips.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2829" data-file-height="2321" /></a></span><br /><div style="margin-top: 3px"></div><span>Cavitatea bucală închisă la bărbat</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sagittalmouth.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sagittalmouth.png/250px-Sagittalmouth.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="359" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sagittalmouth.png/375px-Sagittalmouth.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sagittalmouth.png/500px-Sagittalmouth.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="861" /></a></span><br /><div style="margin-top: 3px"></div><span>Secțiune sagitală prin cavitatea bucală</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:dimgray;color:white;background-color: #efefef">Detalii</th></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Latin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Latină">Latină</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><i>bucca</i></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:0.25em;">Parte din</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Craniu" title="Craniu">capului</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_de_organe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem de organe">Sistem</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Aparatul_digestiv" title="Aparatul digestiv">aparatul digestiv </a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="width:100%;background-color:#FFEE77"><a href="/wiki/Nerv" title="Nerv">Nervi</a></div></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Nerv_trigemen" title="Nerv trigemen">nerv trigemen</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:dimgray;color:white;background-color: #efefef">Resurse externe</th></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/05.1.00.001%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A05.1.00.001</a></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fme.biostr.washington.edu/FME/index.jsp?fmaid=49184">49184</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-style:italic; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Terminologie_anatomic%C4%83" title="Terminologie anatomică">Terminologie anatomică</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Cavitatea bucală</b> (lat. bucca = obraz), gura, orificiul oral sau orificiul bucal, este segmentul inițial, cranial, al tubului digestiv la <a href="/wiki/Mamifer" title="Mamifer">mamifere</a> și <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">om</a>. Fiind o deschidere a corpului care este delimitată lateral de obraji, superior de palat, inferior de planșeul bucal. <br />Comunică cu exteriorul prin orificiul bucal <a href="/wiki/Gur%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Gură">gura</a> și cu <a href="/wiki/Faringe" title="Faringe">faringele</a> prin istmul faringian, având rolul de rezonant sonor pentru vocea produsă de coardele vocale, în parte rol în respirație și funcția cea mai importantă este calea de introducere a hranei, la păsări fiind reprezentat prin cioc iar la mamifere prin gură. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evoluția_cavității_bucale"><span id="Evolu.C8.9Bia_cavit.C4.83.C8.9Bii_bucale"></span>Evoluția cavității bucale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Evoluția cavității bucale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Evoluția cavității bucale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Mundschleimhaut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mundschleimhaut.jpg/220px-Mundschleimhaut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mundschleimhaut.jpg/330px-Mundschleimhaut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mundschleimhaut.jpg/440px-Mundschleimhaut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>Mucoasa bucală de om văzută la microscop, (coloraţie cu albastru de metilen)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Mundschleimhautzelle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mundschleimhautzelle.jpg/220px-Mundschleimhautzelle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mundschleimhautzelle.jpg/330px-Mundschleimhautzelle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mundschleimhautzelle.jpg/440px-Mundschleimhautzelle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>Celulă a mucoasei bucale umane LM (coloraţie cu albastru de metilen)</figcaption></figure> <p>Animalele în procesul de evoluție au un sistem de digestie a hranei care este introdusă prin gură și care după procesul de digerare și absorbție la nivelul tractusului digestiv va fi eliminat prin <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a> (orificiul anal). Gura sau orificiul bucal va suferi diferite transformări în procesul de evoluție ca: <i>Protostomia</i> sau <i>Deuterostomia</i> unele animale ca <i>Cnidarien</i> sau <i>Planaria</i> nu au orificiu anal, resturile nedigerate fiind eliminate prin gură.<br /><i>Brahiopodele</i> nu elimină nimic, digeră toată hrana, alte animale ca <i>Platelminții</i> (teniile) nu au gură, absorbția hranei provenit de la organismul parazitat producându-se prin peretele corpului teniei. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bolile_mucoasei_cavitații_orale"><span id="Bolile_mucoasei_cavita.C8.9Bii_orale"></span>Bolile mucoasei cavitații orale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bolile mucoasei cavitații orale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bolile mucoasei cavitații orale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sunt: <i>Catarul (inflamația mucoasei bucale), Candidoza (o micoză), Afte (vezicule), Stomatite infecțioase (produse de virusuri, bacterii, ciuperci), Gingivite, Lichen Plan, Tumori benigne și maligne.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bolile_gingiei_(parodonțiului_marginal)"><span id="Bolile_gingiei_.28parodon.C8.9Biului_marginal.29"></span>Bolile gingiei (parodonțiului marginal)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bolile gingiei (parodonțiului marginal)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Bolile gingiei (parodonțiului marginal)"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sunt caracterizate în funcție de cauză si modul de evoluție în: </p><p>A. Inflamatorii </p> <ol><li>Acute: gingivostomatite, abces gingival</li> <li>Cronice: <a href="/wiki/Paradontoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Paradontoza">parodontite marginale cronice</a></li></ol> <p>B. Tumorale </p> <ol><li>Benigne: epulisul,</li> <li>Maligne: carcinomul</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bolile_dinților"><span id="Bolile_din.C8.9Bilor"></span>Bolile dinților</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bolile dinților" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bolile dinților"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sunt afectări reversibile sau ireversibile (cel mai frecvent) ale structurii și poziției dinților. Bolile care afectează structura dinților pot fi ereditare (moștenite genetic de la părinți), congenitale sau dobândite. Structura dintelui poate fi afectată integral precum în cazul amelodentinogenezei imperfecte; parțial: amelogeneza imperfectă. În unele cazuri dintele poate lipsi complet iar atunci se vorbește de anodonție (<a href="/wiki/Din%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinți">dinții</a> lipsesc pentru că nu s-au format). Această situație este frecvent întâlnită la anumiți dinți (molarii de minte) datorită procesului de evoluție ca specie a oamenilor: nu mai avem nevoie de foarte mulți dinți deoarece s-a modificat alimentația față de acum 10.000 de ani. Bolile structurale dobândite ale dinților au cauză traumatică, ex. fracturile dentare, infecțioasă, ex. caria dentară. <a href="/wiki/Carie_dentar%C4%83" title="Carie dentară">Caria dentară</a> în formă incipientă este o formă de afectare reversibilă a structurii dinților. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cazuri_particulare">Cazuri particulare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cazuri particulare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Cazuri particulare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uneori pot fi prezenți la nivelul arcadelor dentare dinți supranumerari. În general acești dinți nu sunt funcționali și creează probleme de aranjare pe arcadă a dinților normali. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Meziodens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/a/a4/Meziodens.jpg/220px-Meziodens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/a/a4/Meziodens.jpg/330px-Meziodens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ro/thumb/a/a4/Meziodens.jpg/440px-Meziodens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Dinte supranumerar pe linia mediană a arcadei maxilarului superior: meziodens</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mijloace_de_igienizare_a_cavității_bucale"><span id="Mijloace_de_igienizare_a_cavit.C4.83.C8.9Bii_bucale"></span>Mijloace de igienizare a cavității bucale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Mijloace de igienizare a cavității bucale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Mijloace de igienizare a cavității bucale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Periuța de dinți trebuie folosită de cel puțin 2 ori pe zi,trebuie schimbată o dată la 3-5 luni. </p><p>Periajul electronic este o altă modalitate de a curăța dinții care s-a dovedit foarte eficientă. Periajul manual este esențial pentru curățarea dinților și a gingiilor.Este mult mai important cum te speli pe dinți decât cât timp petreci în acest sens.Periajul trebuie făcut ușor,curățând concomitent și gingia. Se perie ușor fațadele dinților dinspre gingie spre marginea liberă a dinților,atât la exterior cât și pe latura interioară,spre limbă.Periajul se face în plan orizontal,dar și vertical. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gingivit%C4%83" title="Gingivită">Gingivită</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paradontoz%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paradontoză — pagină inexistentă">Paradontoză</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruxism" title="Bruxism">Bruxism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surse">Surse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Surse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Surse"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sursa=<a class="external free" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mund">http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mund</a></li> <li>Sursa=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://medikal.ro/fisiere_articole/mijloace-de-igienizare-a-cavitatii-bucale.pdf">http://medikal.ro/fisiere_articole/mijloace-de-igienizare-a-cavitatii-bucale.pdf</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavitate_bucal%C4%83&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/de-ce-ne-miroase-gura-cinci-cauze-posibile-982574.html">De ce ne miroase gura. Cinci cauze posibile</a>, 22 mai 2012, Cristiana Mazilu, <i>Evenimentul zilei</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/patru-obiceiuri-nesanatoase-care-pot-afecta-grav-dantura-893593.html">Patru obiceiuri nesănătoase care pot afecta grav dantura</a>, 30 aprilie 2010, Ramona Dragomir, <i>Evenimentul zilei</i></li></ul> <p><i><b>boli ale cavității bucale</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/bolile-care-se-citesc-in-gura-958677.html">Bolile care se "citesc" în gură</a>, 21 decembrie 2011, Dan Istratie, <i>Evenimentul zilei</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/bolile-gingiei-afectiuni-fara-simptom-979361.html">Bolile gingiei, afecțiuni fără simptom</a>, 2 mai 2012, Andreea Ciulac, <i>Evenimentul zilei</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/parodontoza-boala-dintilor-sanatosi-909602.html">Parodontoza, "boala dinților sănătoși"</a>, 20 octombrie 2010, Ramona Dragomir, <i>Evenimentul zilei</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romanialibera.ro/stil-de-viata/sanatate/infectii-bucale-periculoase-109221.html">Infectii bucale periculoase</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup>, 22 octombrie 2007, Ioana Georgescu, <i>România liberă</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dentistul.info/stomatologie/afectiuni-orale/aftele-bucale-1027.html">Aftele bucale</a>, Martie 2013, dentistul.info</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aparatul_digestiv" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" 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style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Digestive_system_without_labels.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aparatul digestiv"><img alt="Aparatul digestiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Digestive_system_without_labels.svg/80px-Digestive_system_without_labels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Digestive_system_without_labels.svg/120px-Digestive_system_without_labels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Digestive_system_without_labels.svg/160px-Digestive_system_without_labels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="821" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="color: Orange; background = Blue;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glande_digestive_anexe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glande digestive anexe — pagină inexistentă">Glande digestive anexe</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width: 9.25em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Glande_salivare" class="mw-redirect" title="Glande salivare">Glande salivare</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gland%C4%83_salivar%C4%83_parotid%C4%83" title="Glandă salivară parotidă">Glandă salivară parotidă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gland%C4%83_salivar%C4%83_submandibular%C4%83" title="Glandă salivară submandibulară">Glandă salivară submandibulară</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gland%C4%83_salivar%C4%83_sublingual%C4%83" title="Glandă salivară sublinguală">Glandă salivară sublinguală</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16786155"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width: auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ficat" title="Ficat">Ficat</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pancreas" title="Pancreas">Pancreas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16786155"></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color: Orange; background = Blue;"><div>După <a href="/wiki/Victor_Papilian" title="Victor Papilian">Victor Papilian</a>, <i>Anatomia omului</i>, II: Splanhnologia, Editura ALL, 2014</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16786155"> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anatomie_umană_regională" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Anatomie_uman%C4%83" title="Format:Anatomie umană"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Anatomie_uman%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Anatomie umană — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Anatomie_uman%C4%83&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomie_umană_regională" class="whiteText" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomie_uman%C4%83" title="Anatomie umană">Anatomie umană</a> regională</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cap" title="Cap">Cap</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ureche" title="Ureche">Ureche</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Față">Față</a> (<a href="/wiki/Obraz" title="Obraz">Obraz</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ochi" title="Ochi">Ochi</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gură</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nas_uman" title="Nas uman">Nas</a>)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Frunte" title="Frunte">Frunte</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mandibul%C4%83" title="Mandibulă">Mandibulă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Scalp" title="Scalp">Scalp</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2mpl%C4%83" title="Tâmplă">Tâmplă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ceaf%C4%83" title="Ceafă">Ceafă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Human_body_features.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Human_body_features.svg/150px-Human_body_features.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Human_body_features.svg/225px-Human_body_features.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Human_body_features.svg/300px-Human_body_features.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="702" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2t" title="Gât">Gât</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/M%C4%83rul_lui_Adam" title="Mărul lui Adam">Mărul lui Adam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2tlej" title="Gâtlej">Gâtlej</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trunchi_(anatomie)" title="Trunchi (anatomie)">Trunchi</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bust" title="Bust">Bust</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  (<a href="/wiki/Ombilic" title="Ombilic">Ombilic</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cordon_ombilical" title="Cordon ombilical">Cordon ombilical</a>)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Coloan%C4%83_vertebral%C4%83" title="Coloană vertebrală">Coloană vertebrală</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Coast%C4%83_(anatomie)" title="Coastă (anatomie)">Coastă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Spate" title="Spate">Spate</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cutie_toracic%C4%83" title="Cutie toracică">Cutie toracică</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Torace" class="mw-redirect" title="Torace">Torace</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2n" title="Sân">Sân</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">Pelvis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Organ_sexual" title="Organ sexual">Organe sexuale</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Membru_(anatomie)" title="Membru (anatomie)">Membre</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Membru_superior" title="Membru superior">Membre superioare</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antebra%C8%9B" title="Antebraț">Antebraț</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Articula%C8%9Bie" title="Articulație">Articulație</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Axil%C4%83" title="Axilă">Axilă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bra%C8%9B_(anatomie)" title="Braț (anatomie)">Braț</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cot_(anatomie)" title="Cot (anatomie)">Cot</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Deget_de_la_m%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Deget de la mână">Deget de la mână</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Mână">Mână</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Um%C4%83r" title="Umăr">Umăr</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Membru_inferior" title="Membru inferior">Membre inferioare</a><br /><div style="text-align:center"><small><a href="/wiki/Picior_(anatomie)" title="Picior (anatomie)">Picior</a></small></div></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lc%C3%A2i" title="Călcâi">Călcâi</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Coaps%C4%83" title="Coapsă">Coapsă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Deget_de_la_picior" title="Deget de la picior">Deget de la picior</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fes%C4%83" title="Fesă">Fesă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gamb%C4%83" title="Gambă">Gambă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Genunchi" title="Genunchi">Genunchi</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Glezn%C4%83" title="Gleznă">Gleznă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Picior_(anatomie)" title="Picior (anatomie)">Picior</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Patel%C4%83" title="Patelă">Rotulă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%98old" title="Șold">Șold</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Talp%C4%83" title="Talpă">Talpă</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16786155"></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Altele</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" 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