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id="toc-Kharkiv_Fortress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kharkiv_Fortress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Kharkiv Fortress </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kharkiv_Fortress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Russian Empire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soviet_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Soviet era </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Capital_of_Soviet_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_of_Soviet_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 Capital of Soviet Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_of_Soviet_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 German occupation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 Post-World War II </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independent_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Independent Ukraine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pro-Russian_unrest_and_violence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-Russian_unrest_and_violence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Pro-Russian unrest and violence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-Russian_unrest_and_violence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_Russian_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_Russian_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 2022 Russian invasion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_Russian_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Governance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Governance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legal_status_and_local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_status_and_local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Legal status and local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_status_and_local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrial_corporations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_corporations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Industrial corporations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_corporations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IT_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IT_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 IT industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IT_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Finance industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finance_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Trade industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Science and education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Science_and_education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Science and education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Science_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scientific_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scientific_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Scientific research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scientific_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Public libraries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Secondary schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Education centers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Theatres </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Film festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Visual arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.8 Landmarks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.9 Parks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Newspapers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magazines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Magazines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magazines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TV_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TV_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 TV stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TV_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Radio stations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Online_news_in_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Online_news_in_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Online news in English </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Online_news_in_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kharkiv_International_Marathon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kharkiv_International_Marathon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Kharkiv International Marathon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kharkiv_International_Marathon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Football_(soccer)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football_(soccer)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Football (soccer) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football_(soccer)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Other sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notable people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_and_Fields_prize_winners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_and_Fields_prize_winners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Nobel and Fields prize winners </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_and_Fields_prize_winners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Twin towns – sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kharkiv</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 142 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-142" aria-hidden="true" > 142 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkif" title="Charkif – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Charkif" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkiw" title="Charkiw – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Charkiw" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%BB%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AA%E1%8B%8D" title="ኻርኪው – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኻርኪው" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81" title="خاركيف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خاركيف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A1rkiv" title="Khárkiv – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Khárkiv" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Խարքով – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խարքով" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarkov" title="Xarkov – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xarkov" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81" title="خارکیف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خارکیف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD" title="খারকিভ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খারকিভ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Харкаў – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Харкаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Харкаў – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Харкаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="खारकीव – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="खारकीव" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харков – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Харков" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkiv" title="Harkiv – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Harkiv" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%27harkiv" title="C'harkiv – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="C'harkiv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A0rkiv" title="Khàrkiv – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Khàrkiv" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Kharkiv (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kharkiv (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkov" title="Charkov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charkov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkiw" title="Charkiw – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charkiw" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkiw" title="Charkiw – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Charkiw" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkiv" title="Harkiv – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harkiv" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF" title="Χάρκοβο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάρκοβο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Харкив ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Харкив ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1rkov" title="Járkov – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Járkov" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4arkivo" title="Ĥarkivo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥarkivo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81" title="خارکوف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خارکوف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkov" title="Charkov – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Charkov" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A1rkiv" title="Khárkiv – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Khárkiv" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%A5%B4%ED%82%A4%EC%9A%B0" title="하르키우 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하르키우" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Խարկով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խարկով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5" title="ख़ारकिव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ख़ारकिव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkiw" title="Charkiw – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Charkiw" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkiv" title="Harkiv – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Harkiv" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkiv" title="Harkiv – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Harkiv" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khark%C3%ADv" title="Kharkív – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kharkív" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkiv" title="Charkiv – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Charkiv" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%91" title="חרקיב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חרקיב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D" title="ಖಾರ್ಕಾಫ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖಾರ್ಕಾಫ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ხარკივი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხარკივი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarkiv" title="Xarkiv – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Xarkiv" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xark%C3%AEv" title="Xarkîv – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xarkîv" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcovia" title="Charcovia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Charcovia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkiva" title="Harkiva – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Harkiva" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkovas" title="Charkovas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Charkovas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkiv" title="Charkiv – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Charkiv" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkiv" title="Charkiv – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Charkiv" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkiv_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Harkiv (település) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harkiv (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харков – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Харков" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D" title="ഖാർകിവ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖാർകിവ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9" title="खार्कीव्ह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खार्कीव्ह" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ხარკივი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხარკივი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%DA%A4" title="خاركيڤ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خاركيڤ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Харкив – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Харкив" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkiv" title="Charkiv – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Charkiv" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD" title="खार्किभ – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खार्किभ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A6" title="ハルキウ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハルキウ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkiw_(Steed)" title="Charkiw (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Charkiw (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xarkov" title="Xarkov – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xarkov" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5" title="ਖਾਰਕੀਵ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖਾਰਕੀਵ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81" title="خارکیف – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خارکیف" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C" title="ខាគីវ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ខាគីវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chark%C3%B3w" title="Charków – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Charków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF" title="Χάρκοβο – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Χάρκοβο" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carc%C3%B3via" title="Carcóvia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carcóvia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkiv" title="Harkiv – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Harkiv" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkov" title="Harkov – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Harkov" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkov" title="Charkov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Charkov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkov" title="Harkov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Harkov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chark%C5%AFw" title="Charkůw – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Charkůw" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%A4" title="خارکیڤ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خارکیڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харков – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Харков" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkov" title="Harkov – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Harkov" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkova" title="Harkova – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Harkova" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charkiv" title="Charkiv – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Charkiv" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8D" title="கார்கீவ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கார்கீவ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7" title="คาร์กิว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์กิว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Харкив – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Харкив" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkiv" title="Harkiv – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Harkiv" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har%C2%ADkiw" title="Harkiw – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Harkiw" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Харьков – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Харьков" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Харків – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Харків" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81" title="خارکیف – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خارکیف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har%27kov" title="Har'kov – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Har'kov" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkiv" title="Harkiv – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Harkiv" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkiv" title="Harkiv – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Harkiv" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xharkiv" title="Xharkiv – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Xharkiv" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="哈爾科夫 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="哈爾科夫" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kharkiv" data-language-autonym="Winaray" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kharkiv&params=49_59_33_N_36_13_52_E_type:city_region:UA">49°59′33″N 36°13′52″E / 49.99250°N 36.23111°E / 49.99250; 36.23111</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/File:City_of_Kharkiv_State_of_Ukraine_Recorded_by_Viktor_O_Ledenyov.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Kharkov" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kharkiv (disambiguation)">Kharkiv (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kharkov_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kharkov (disambiguation)">Kharkov (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kharkiv</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Харків Харьков</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Kharkov</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">National</a>, <a href="/wiki/ALA-LC_romanization" title="ALA-LC romanization">ALA-LC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BGN/PCGN_romanization" title="BGN/PCGN romanization">BGN/PCGN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kharkiv</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Scientific_transliteration_of_Cyrillic" title="Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic">Scholarly</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Charkiv</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style 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href="/wiki/File:%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%83,_%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE.jpg/330px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE.jpg/500px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE.jpg/960px-%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BA%D1%83%2C_%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5460" data-file-height="3640" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Dormition_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Dormition Cathedral, Kharkiv">Assumption Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2,_%D0%BF%D0%BB._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97,_7_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%2C_%D0%BF%D0%BB._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_7_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_1.JPG/122px-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%2C_%D0%BF%D0%BB._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_7_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%2C_%D0%BF%D0%BB._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_7_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_1.JPG/183px-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%2C_%D0%BF%D0%BB._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_7_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%2C_%D0%BF%D0%BB._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_7_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_1.JPG/244px-%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%2C_%D0%BF%D0%BB._%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_7_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div><div>Kharkiv City Council</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharkiv-Pasazhyrskyi_Railway_Station_-_04_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kharkiv-Pasazhyrskyi_Railway_Station_-_04_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-Kharkiv-Pasazhyrskyi_Railway_Station_-_04_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kharkiv-Pasazhyrskyi_Railway_Station_-_04_%28cropped%29.jpg/206px-Kharkiv-Pasazhyrskyi_Railway_Station_-_04_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kharkiv-Pasazhyrskyi_Railway_Station_-_04_%28cropped%29.jpg/274px-Kharkiv-Pasazhyrskyi_Railway_Station_-_04_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3991" data-file-height="2662" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_railway_station" title="Kharkiv railway station">Kharkiv Railway Station</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:265px;max-width:265px"><div style="height:94px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharkiv_University_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kharkiv_University_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Kharkiv_University_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kharkiv_University_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Kharkiv_University_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kharkiv_University_%28cropped%29.jpg/960px-Kharkiv_University_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="900" /></a></div><div><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kharkiv" title="National University of Kharkiv">National University of Kharkiv</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharkiv-town-flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Kharkiv"><img alt="Flag of Kharkiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kharkiv-town-flag.svg/120px-Kharkiv-town-flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kharkiv-town-flag.svg/250px-Kharkiv-town-flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="709" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kharkiv"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kharkiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="612" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv" title="Coat of arms of Kharkiv">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:KharkivSmartCity.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Kharkiv"><img alt="Official logo of Kharkiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/KharkivSmartCity.png/100px-KharkivSmartCity.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/KharkivSmartCity.png/150px-KharkivSmartCity.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/KharkivSmartCity.png/200px-KharkivSmartCity.png 2x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="184" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Brandmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandmark">Brandmark</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Smart City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="280" data-height="280" data-zoom="10" data-lat="49.985" data-lon="36.28" data-overlays="["_e7efbb48e5e29c4891f072527c28fca0c79efc12"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/49.985/36.28/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,49.985,36.28,280x280.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kharkiv&revid=1281720922&groups=_e7efbb48e5e29c4891f072527c28fca0c79efc12" width="280" height="280" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,49.985,36.28,280x280@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kharkiv&revid=1281720922&groups=_e7efbb48e5e29c4891f072527c28fca0c79efc12 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Kharkiv</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliefkarte_Ukraine_2022.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Kharkiv is located in Ukraine"><img alt="Kharkiv is located in Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Reliefkarte_Ukraine_2022.png/250px-Reliefkarte_Ukraine_2022.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Reliefkarte_Ukraine_2022.png/500px-Reliefkarte_Ukraine_2022.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2876" data-file-height="1954" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.483%;left:76.725%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Kharkiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Kharkiv</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Ukraine</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharkiv_province_physical_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kharkiv is located in Kharkiv Oblast"><img alt="Kharkiv is located in Kharkiv Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kharkiv_province_physical_map.svg/250px-Kharkiv_province_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kharkiv_province_physical_map.svg/375px-Kharkiv_province_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kharkiv_province_physical_map.svg/500px-Kharkiv_province_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="488" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.051%;left:43.327%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Kharkiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kharkiv</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Kharkiv Oblast</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kharkiv is located in Europe"><img alt="Kharkiv is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:52.449%;left:74.169%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Kharkiv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Kharkiv</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Europe</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kharkiv&params=49_59_33_N_36_13_52_E_type:city_region:UA">49°59′33″N 36°13′52″E / 49.99250°N 36.23111°E / 49.99250; 36.23111</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Ukraine" title="Oblasts of Ukraine">Oblast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Raions_of_Ukraine" title="Raions of Ukraine">Raion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Raion" title="Kharkiv Raion">Kharkiv Raion</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Hromada" title="Hromada">Hromada</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_urban_hromada" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv urban hromada">Kharkiv urban hromada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1654<a href="#cite_note-KUW231114-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="#Government_and_administrative_divisions">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List of 9<a href="#cite_note-nmcrinK-2">[2]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Shevchenkivskyi District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Novobavarskyi District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kyivskyi District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Slobidskyi District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Kholodnohirskyi District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Saltivskyi District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Nemyshlianskyi District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Industrialnyi District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Osnovianskyi District</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Kharkiv" title="List of mayors of Kharkiv">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Terekhov" title="Ihor Terekhov">Ihor Terekhov</a><a href="#cite_note-7313698KharkivSnap-3">[3]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kernes_Bloc_%E2%80%93_Successful_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernes Bloc – Successful Kharkiv">Kernes Bloc – Successful Kharkiv</a><a href="#cite_note-Kharkiv7308397Terekhov-4">[4]</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">350 km2 (140 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,223 km2 (1,244 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">152 m (499 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2022)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,421,125</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">2nd</a> in Ukraine</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,500/km2 (12,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,729,049<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kharkivite<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Time" title="Eastern European Time">EET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Summer_Time" title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">61001–61499</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Licence_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Licence plate">Licence plate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">AX, KX, ХА (old), 21 (old)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">Sister cities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kutaisi" title="Kutaisi">Kutaisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Varna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daugavpils" title="Daugavpils">Daugavpils</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.kharkiv.ua">www.city.kharkiv.ua</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Kharkiv,<a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a> also known as Kharkov,<a href="#cite_note-8">[b]</a> is the second-largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">city</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kharkiv:_#2_+_situation_October_2014-9">[7]</a> Located in the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the historic region of <a href="/wiki/Sloboda_Ukraine" title="Sloboda Ukraine">Sloboda Ukraine</a>. Kharkiv is the administrative centre of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Raion" title="Kharkiv Raion">Kharkiv Raion</a>. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> in early 2022 it had an estimated population of 1,421,125.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a> Founded in 1654 as a <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossack</a> fortress, by late 19th century Kharkiv had developed within the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> as a major commercial and industrial centre. From December 1919 to January 1934, Kharkiv was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>. During this period migration from the distressed countryside and a relaxation of restrictions on Ukrainian cultural expression changed the city's ethnic complexion: <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian</a> replaced <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russian</a> as the largest recorded nationality. Kharkiv has been a major cultural, scientific, educational, transport, and industrial centre in independent Ukraine. Among its principal landmarks are the <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Annunciation Cathedral, Kharkiv">Annunciation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dormition_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Dormition Cathedral, Kharkiv">Dormition</a> cathedrals, the <a href="/wiki/Derzhprom" title="Derzhprom">Derzhprom</a> building in <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square_(Kharkiv)" title="Freedom Square (Kharkiv)">Freedom Square</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_railway_station" title="Kharkiv railway station">Kharkiv Railway Station</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kharkiv" title="National University of Kharkiv">National University of Kharkiv</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Tractor_Plant" title="Kharkiv Tractor Plant">Kharkiv Tractor Factory (HTZ)</a>. <a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">Machinery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a> and military hardware have been the leading industries. In March and April 2014, the city saw both pro-Russia and pro-Ukrainian demonstrations, and an aborted attempt by <a href="/wiki/Russian_people%27s_militias_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian people's militias in Ukraine">Russian-backed separatists</a> to seize control of the city and regional administration. Kharkiv was a major target for Russian forces in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_front_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Eastern front of the Russian invasion of Ukraine">eastern Ukraine campaign</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> before they were pushed back to the <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_border" title="Russia–Ukraine border">international border</a>. The city remains under intermittent <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)">Russian fire</a>, with reports that by April 2024 almost a quarter of the city had been damaged or destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kharkiv" title="Timeline of Kharkiv">Timeline of Kharkiv</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kharkiv">History of Kharkiv</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:23em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: GhostWhite;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: GhostWhite;">Historical affiliations</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> De-jure:<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oryol_ship_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">RT</a>/<a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">RI</a> 1654–1789 De-facto:<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kharkiv_Regiment.svg/21px-Kharkiv_Regiment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kharkiv_Regiment.svg/32px-Kharkiv_Regiment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kharkiv_Regiment.svg/42px-Kharkiv_Regiment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="428" /> <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Regiment" title="Kharkiv Regiment">Kharkiv Regiment</a> 1654–1789 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> 1789–1917 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176" /><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:23em; ; font-size: 90%; color: #202122;background-color: GhostWhite;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="color: #202122;background-color: GhostWhite;">Revolutions of 1917-1921</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Russian Provisional Government</a> Mar–Nov 1917 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">UPR</a> Nov-–Dec 1917 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_Soviets" title="Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets">UPRS</a> Dec 1917 – Apr 1918 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine_%281917%E2%80%931921%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukrainian State</a> Apr 1918 – Jan 1919 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/23px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/35px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Socialist_red_flag.svg/45px-Socialist_red_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Workers%27_and_Peasants%27_Government_of_Ukraine" title="Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government of Ukraine">PWPGU</a>/<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">UkSSR</a> 1919 Jan–Jun <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_South_Russia" title="Armed Forces of South Russia">ARSR</a> 1919 Jun–Dec <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_of_the_Soviets.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">UkSSR</a> Dec 1919 – Dec 1922 </blockquote> </div> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281924%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281924%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281924%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281924%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281924%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281924%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> 1922–1941 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a> 1941–1943 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> Feb–Mar 1943 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a> Mar–Sep 1943 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> 1943–1991 <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> 1991–present </blockquote> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> The earliest historical references to the region are to <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatian</a> settlement in the 2nd century BC. Between the 2nd to the 6th centuries AD there is evidence of <a href="/wiki/Chernyakhov_culture" title="Chernyakhov culture">Chernyakhov culture</a>, a multiethnic mix of the <a href="/wiki/Getae" title="Getae">Geto</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Gothic</a> populations. <a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> In the 8th to 10th centuries the <a href="/wiki/Khazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Khazar">Khazar</a> fortress of Verkhneye Saltovo stood about 25 miles (40 km) east of the modern city, near <a href="/wiki/Staryi_Saltiv" title="Staryi Saltiv">Staryi Saltiv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> During the 12th century, the area was part of the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a>, and then from the mid 13th century of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tartar</a> <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>. By the early 17th century the area was a contested frontier region with renegade populations that had begun to organise in <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossack</a> formations and communities defined by a common determination to resist both <a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatar</a> slavery and <a href="/wiki/Szlachta" title="Szlachta">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Lithuanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfdom</a>. Mid-century, the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmelnytsky uprising">Khmelnytsky uprising</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> saw the brief establishment of an independent <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Solchanyk2001-16">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kharkiv_Fortress">Kharkiv Fortress</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kharkiv Fortress">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kharko.jpg/220px-Kharko.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Kharko.jpg/330px-Kharko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Kharko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Kharkiv's legendary founder Kharko (postcard 1890s).</figcaption></figure> In the midst of this period of turmoil for <a href="/wiki/Right-bank_Ukraine" title="Right-bank Ukraine">Right-bank Ukraine</a>, groups of people came onto the banks of <a href="/wiki/Lopan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lopan River">Lopan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv River">Kharkiv</a> rivers where in 1654 they resurrected and fortified an abandoned settlement.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a> There is a folk etymology that connects the name of both the settlement and the river to a legendary <a href="/wiki/Zakhary_Chepiha" title="Zakhary Chepiha">Cossack founder named Kharko</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> (a diminutive form of the Greek name <a href="/wiki/Chariton_(name)" title="Chariton (name)">Chariton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Харитон, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: Kharyton,<a href="#cite_note-KUW231114-1">[1]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(given_name)" title="Zechariah (given name)">Zechariah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Захарій, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: Zakharii).<a href="#cite_note-wikisource-18">[16]</a> But the river's name is attested earlier than the foundation of the fortress.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> The settlement reluctantly accepted the protection and authority of a Russian <a href="/wiki/Voivode" title="Voivode">voivode</a> from <a href="/wiki/Chuhuiv" title="Chuhuiv">Chuhuiv</a> 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the east. The first appointed voivode from <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> was Voyin Selifontov in 1656, who began to build a local <a href="/wiki/Ostrog_(fortress)" title="Ostrog (fortress)">ostrog</a> (fort). In 1658, a new voivode, Ivan Ofrosimov, commanded the locals to kiss the cross in a demonstration of loyalty to <a href="/wiki/Alexis_of_Russia" title="Alexis of Russia">Tsar Alexis</a>. Led by their <a href="/wiki/Otaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Otaman">otaman</a> Ivan Kryvoshlyk, they refused. However, with the election of a new otaman, Tymish Lavrynov, relations appear to have been repaired, the Tsar in Moscow granting the community's request (signed by the <a href="/wiki/Dean_(Christianity)" title="Dean (Christianity)">deans</a> of the new <a href="/wiki/Assumption_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Assumption Cathedral, Kharkiv">Assumption Cathedral</a> and parish churches of Annunciation and Trinity) to establish a local market.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/250px-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/330px-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg/500px-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="556" /></a><figcaption>The Intercession Cathedral with bell tower and Ozerianska church (right) built in 1689</figcaption></figure> At that time the population of Kharkiv was just over 1000, half of whom were local Cossacks. Selifontov had brought with him a Moscow garrison of only 70 soldiers.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a> Defence rested with a local Sloboda Cossack regiment under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Razriad" title="Razriad">Razryad</a> <a href="/wiki/Prikaz" title="Prikaz">Prikaz</a>, a military agency commanded from <a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a>.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a> The original walls of Kharkiv enclosed today's streets: vulytsia Kvitky-Osnovianenko, Constitution Square, <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a> Square, <a href="/wiki/Proletariat" title="Proletariat">Proletarian</a> Square, and Cathedral Descent.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a> There were 10 towers of which the tallest, Vestovska, was some 16 metres (52 ft) high. In 1689 the fortress was expanded to include the <a href="/wiki/Intercession_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Intercession Cathedral, Kharkiv">Intercession Cathedral</a> and Monastery, which became a seat of a local church hierarch, the <a href="/wiki/Protopope" title="Protopope">Protopope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_Empire">Russian Empire</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Russian Empire">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charkow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Charkow.jpg/220px-Charkow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Charkow.jpg/330px-Charkow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Charkow.jpg/440px-Charkow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3171" data-file-height="2306" /></a><figcaption>A 19th-century view of Kharkiv, with the belltower of the <a href="/wiki/Assumption_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Assumption Cathedral, Kharkiv">Assumption Cathedral</a> dominating the skyline</figcaption></figure> Administrative reforms led to Kharkiv being governed from 1708 from <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Governorate">Kyiv</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1708List-20">[18]</a> and from 1727 from <a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a>. In 1765 Kharkiv was established as the seat of a separate <a href="/wiki/Sloboda_Ukraine_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sloboda Ukraine Governorate">Sloboda Ukraine Governorate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-voronezh-21">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv University">Kharkiv University</a> was established in 1805 in the Palace of <a href="/wiki/Governorate-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorate-General">Governorate-General</a>.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a> Alexander Mickiewicz, brother of the Polish national poet <a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adam Mickiewicz</a>, was a professor of law in the university, while another celebrity, <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethe</a>, searched for instructors for the school.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a> One of its later graduates was the Ukrainian poet and writer <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Franko" title="Ivan Franko">Ivan Franko</a>, to whom it awarded a doctorate in Russian linguistics in 1906.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> The streets were first cobbled in the city centre in 1830.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> In 1844 the 90 metres (300 ft) tall Alexander Bell Tower, commemorating the victory over <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a> in 1812, was built next to the first <a href="/wiki/Assumption_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Assumption Cathedral, Kharkiv">Assumption Cathedral</a> (later to be transformed by the Soviet authorities into a <a href="/wiki/Radio_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio tower">radio tower</a>). A system of running water was established in 1870.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kursk_Kharkov_1869.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kursk_Kharkov_1869.jpg/250px-Kursk_Kharkov_1869.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kursk_Kharkov_1869.jpg/330px-Kursk_Kharkov_1869.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Kursk_Kharkov_1869.jpg/500px-Kursk_Kharkov_1869.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>The first railway station in Kharkiv was built in 1869</figcaption></figure>In the course of the 19th century, although predominantly Russian speaking, Kharkiv became a centre of Ukrainian culture.<a href="#cite_note-hromada-24">[22]</a> The first Ukrainian newspaper was published in the city in 1812. Soon after the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, in 1860–61, a <a href="/wiki/Hromada_(secret_society)" title="Hromada (secret society)">hromada</a> was established in the city, one of a network of secret societies that laid the groundwork for the appearance of a Ukrainian national movement. Its most prominent member was the philosopher, linguist and pan-slavist activist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Potebnja" title="Alexander Potebnja">Oleksandr Potebnia</a>. Members of a student hromada in the city included the future national leaders <a href="/wiki/Borys_Martos" title="Borys Martos">Borys Martos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Antonovych" title="Dmytro Antonovych">Dmytro Antonovych</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hromada-24">[22]</a> and reputedly were the first to employ the slogan "Glory to Ukraine!" and its response "Glory on all of earth!".<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> In 1900, the student hromada founded the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Ukrainian_Party" title="Revolutionary Ukrainian Party">Revolutionary Ukrainian Party</a> (RUP), which sought to unite all Ukrainian national elements, including the growing number of socialists.<a href="#cite_note-26">[24]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/1905_Russian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1905 Russian Revolution">revolutionary events 1905</a> in which Kharkiv distinguished itself by avoiding a <a href="/wiki/Pogroms_in_the_Russian_Empire" title="Pogroms in the Russian Empire">reactionary pogrom</a> against its Jewish population,<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> the RUP in Kharkiv, <a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nizhyn" title="Nizhyn">Nizhyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubny" title="Lubny">Lubny</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Yekaterinodar</a> repudiated the more extreme elements of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a>. Adopting the <a href="/wiki/Erfurt_Program" title="Erfurt Program">Erfurt Program</a> of <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">German Social Democracy</a>, they restyled themselves the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party">Ukrainian Social Democratic Labour Party</a> (USDLP). This was to remain independent of, and opposed by, the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolshevik</a> faction of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Social_Democratic_Labour_Party" title="Russian Social Democratic Labour Party">Russian SDLP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-29">[27]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> of 1917, the USDLP was the main party in the first Ukrainian government, the <a href="/wiki/General_Secretariat_of_Ukraine" title="General Secretariat of Ukraine">General Secretariat of Ukraine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tsentralna_Rada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsentralna Rada">Tsentralna Rada</a> (central council) of Ukrainian parties in Kyiv authorised the Secretariat to negotiate national autonomy with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Russian Provisional Government</a>. In the succeeding months, as wartime conditions deteriorated, the USDLP lost support in Kharkiv and elsewhere to the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Socialist_Revolutionary_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionary Party">Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionary Party</a> (SR) which organised both in peasant communities and in disaffected military units.<a href="#cite_note-:6-29">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_era">Soviet era</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Soviet era">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Capital_of_Soviet_Ukraine">Capital of Soviet Ukraine</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Capital of Soviet Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palace_of_industry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Palace_of_industry.jpg/200px-Palace_of_industry.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Palace_of_industry.jpg/300px-Palace_of_industry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Palace_of_industry.jpg/400px-Palace_of_industry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Derzhprom" title="Derzhprom">Derzhprom</a> (Palace of Industry) completed in 1928.</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/1917_Russian_Constituent_Assembly_election" title="1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election">Russian Constituent Assembly election</a> held in November 1917, the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> who had seized power in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Petrograd</a> and Moscow received just 10.5 percent of the vote in the <a href="/wiki/Kherson_Governorate" title="Kherson Governorate">Governorate</a>, compared to 73 percent for a bloc of Ukrainian and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Revolutionary_Party" title="Socialist Revolutionary Party">Russian Socialist Revolutionaries</a>. Commanding worker, rather than peasant, votes, within the city itself the Bolsheviks won a plurality.<a href="#cite_note-Radkey1989-115-30">[28]</a> When in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Petrograd</a> Lenin's <a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars" title="Council of People's Commissars">Council of People's Commissars</a> disbanded the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Constituent_Assembly" title="Russian Constituent Assembly">Constituent Assembly</a> after its first sitting, the <a href="/wiki/Tsentralna_Rada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsentralna Rada">Tsentralna Rada</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> proclaimed the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a> (UPR).<a href="#cite_note-KUW231114-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> withdrew from Tsentralna Rada and formed their own Rada (national council) in Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-hdU_Katchanovski-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> By February 1918 their forces had <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">captured much of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[31]</a> The Bolsheviks made Kharkiv the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Donetsk-Krivoy_Rog_Soviet_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic">Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[32]</a> Six weeks later, under the treaty terms agreed with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Brest-Litovsk</a>, they abandoned the city and ceded the territory to the German-occupied <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukrainian State</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> After the German withdrawal, the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> returned but, in June 1919, withdrew again before the advancing forces of <a href="/wiki/Anton_Denikin" title="Anton Denikin">Anton Denikin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a> <a href="/wiki/Volunteer_Army" title="Volunteer Army">Volunteer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[34]</a> By December 1919 Soviet authority was restored.<a href="#cite_note-37">[35]</a> The Bolsheviks established Kharkiv as <a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">the capital</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> and, in 1922, this was formally incorporated as a constituent republic of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MapKharkov-1930-1823.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Plan of Kharkov, 1930" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MapKharkov-1930-1823.jpg/220px-MapKharkov-1930-1823.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MapKharkov-1930-1823.jpg/330px-MapKharkov-1930-1823.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MapKharkov-1930-1823.jpg/440px-MapKharkov-1930-1823.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8820" data-file-height="10086" /></a><figcaption>Plan of Kharkiv, 1930</figcaption></figure>A number of prestige construction projects in new officially-approved <a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">Constructivist style</a> were completed,<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a> among them <a href="/wiki/Derzhprom" title="Derzhprom">Derzhprom</a> (Palace of Industry) then the tallest building in the Soviet Union (and the second tallest in Europe),<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> the Red Army Building, the Ukrainian Polytechnic Institute of Distance Learning (UZPI), the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_City_Council" title="Kharkiv City Council">Kharkiv City Council</a> building, with its massive asymmetric tower, and the central department store that was opened on the 15th Anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a> As new buildings were going up, many of city's historic architectural monuments were being torn down. These included most of the baroque churches: Saint Nicholas's Cathedral of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox church, the Church of the Myrrhophores, Saint Demetrius's Church, and the Cossack fortified Church of the Nativity.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[39]</a> Under <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/First_Five-Year_Plans_(Pakistan)" title="First Five-Year Plans (Pakistan)">First Five Year Plan</a>, the city underwent intensified industrialisation, led by a number of national projects. Chief among these were the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Tractor_Plant" title="Kharkiv Tractor Plant">Kharkiv Tractor Factory (HTZ)</a>, described by Stalin as "a steel bastion of the <a href="/wiki/Collectivization_of_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectivization of agriculture">collectivisation of agriculture</a> in the Ukraine",<a href="#cite_note-42">[40]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Malyshev_Factory" title="Malyshev Factory">Malyshev Factory</a>, an enlargement of the old Kharkiv Locomotive Factory, which at its height employed 60,000 workers in the production of heavy equipment.<a href="#cite_note-AJKtfF15-43">[41]</a> By 1937 the output of Kharkiv's industries was reported as being 35 times greater than in 1913.<a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[39]</a> Since the turn of the century, the influx of new workers from the countryside changed the ethnic composition of Kharkiv. According to census returns, by 1939 the Russian share of the population had fallen from almost two-thirds to one third, while the Ukrainian share rose from a quarter to almost half. The Jewish population rose from under 6 percent of the total, to over 15 percent<a href="#cite_note-:1-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-45">[43]</a> (sustaining a <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> secondary school, a popular Jewish university and extensive publication in <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a> and Hebrew).<a href="#cite_note-:9-46">[44]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HolodomorKharkiv_1933_Wienerberger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HolodomorKharkiv_1933_Wienerberger.jpg/250px-HolodomorKharkiv_1933_Wienerberger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HolodomorKharkiv_1933_Wienerberger.jpg/330px-HolodomorKharkiv_1933_Wienerberger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/HolodomorKharkiv_1933_Wienerberger.jpg/500px-HolodomorKharkiv_1933_Wienerberger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1191" /></a><figcaption>Starved peasants on the street during the <a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a> 1933.</figcaption></figure> In the 1920s, the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> promoted the use of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian language</a>, mandating it for all schools. In practice the share of secondary schools teaching in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian language</a> remained lower than the ethnic <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainian</a> share of the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a>'s population.<a href="#cite_note-47">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ukrainization" title="Ukrainization">Ukrainization</a> policy was reversed, with the prosecution in Kharkiv in 1930 of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Freedom_of_Ukraine_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Union for the Freedom of Ukraine process">Union for the Freedom of Ukraine</a>. Hundreds of Ukrainian intellectuals were arrested and deported.<a href="#cite_note-48">[46]</a><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pamiatnyk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pamiatnyk.jpg/180px-Pamiatnyk.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pamiatnyk.jpg/270px-Pamiatnyk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pamiatnyk.jpg/360px-Pamiatnyk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="4050" /></a><figcaption>A monument to the <a href="/wiki/Persecuted_bandurists" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecuted bandurists">persecuted kobzars</a> </figcaption></figure> In 1932 and 1933, the combination of grain seizures and the forced collectivisation of peasant holdings created famine conditions, the <a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a>, driving people off the land and into Kharkiv, and other cities, in search of food.<a href="#cite_note-Leonavičius_|first1=Vylius_Ozolinčiūtė_2019-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ellman2007-50">[48]</a> Eye-witness accounts by westerners—among them those of <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">American Communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Fred_Beal" title="Fred Beal">Fred Beal</a> employed in the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Tractor_Plant" title="Kharkiv Tractor Plant">Kharkiv Tractor Factory</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-51">[49]</a> —were cited in the international press but, until the era of <a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a> were consistently <a href="/wiki/Holodomor_denial" title="Holodomor denial">denounced in the Soviet Union as fabrications</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-reflections-53">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> In 1934 hundreds of Ukrainian writers, intellectuals and cultural workers were arrested and executed in the attempt to eradicate all vestiges of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a>. The purges continued into 1938. Blind Ukrainian street musicians <a href="/wiki/Kobzars" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobzars">Kobzars</a> were also rounded up in Kharkiv and murdered by the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> Confident in his control over Ukraine, in January 1934 Stalin had the capital of the Ukrainian SSR moved from Kharkiv to Kyiv.<a href="#cite_note-George_O._Liber_1992-56">[54]</a> During April and May 1940 about 3,900 Polish prisoners of <a href="/wiki/Starobilsk" title="Starobilsk">Starobilsk</a> camp were executed in the Kharkiv NKVD building, later secretly buried on the grounds of an NKVD pansionat in <a href="/wiki/Piatykhatky,_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Piatykhatky, Kharkiv Oblast">Piatykhatky</a> forest (part of the <a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyn massacre</a>) on the outskirts of Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-Fischer-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a> The site also contains the numerous bodies of Ukrainian cultural workers who were arrested and shot in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">1937–38 Stalinist purges</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="German_occupation">German occupation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: German occupation">edit</a>]</div> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Kharkiv was the focus of major battles. The city <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="First Battle of Kharkov">was captured</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> on 24 October 1941.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv_at_war-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> A disastrous <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Second Battle of Kharkov">offensive</a> failed to recover the city in May 1942.<a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[60]</a> It was retaken (<a href="/wiki/Operation_Star" title="Operation Star">Operation Star</a>) on 16 February 1943, but <a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Kharkov" title="Third Battle of Kharkov">lost again to the Germans</a> on 15 March 1943. 23 August 1943 saw a final <a href="/wiki/Fourth_battle_of_kharkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth battle of kharkov">liberation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:7-63">[61]</a> On the eve of the occupation, Kharkiv's pre-war population of 700,000 had been doubled by the influx of refugees.<a href="#cite_note-Evening_Kharkiv-64">[62]</a> What remained of the pre-war Jewish population of 130,000 were slated by the Germans for "special treatment". Between December 1941 and January 1942, they massacred and buried an estimated 15,000 Jews in a ravine outside of town named <a href="/wiki/Drobytsky_Yar" title="Drobytsky Yar">Drobytsky Yar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> Over their 22 months occupation they executed a further 30,000 residents, among them suspected <a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet partisans</a> and, after a brief period of toleration, Ukrainian nationalists. 80,000 people died of hunger, cold and disease. 60,000 were forcibly transported to Germany as slave workers (<a href="/wiki/Ostarbeiter" title="Ostarbeiter">Ostarbeiter</a>).<a href="#cite_note-KvUah5e-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-41">[39]</a> Among these was <a href="/wiki/Borys_Romanchenko" title="Borys Romanchenko">Boris Romanchenko</a>. On 18 March 2022, the 96-year-old survivor of forced labor at the <a href="/wiki/Buchenwald_concentration_camp" title="Buchenwald concentration camp">Buchenwald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde" title="Peenemünde">Peenemünde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mittelbau-Dora_concentration_camp" title="Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp">Dora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp" title="Bergen-Belsen concentration camp">Bergen Belsen</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">concentration camps</a> was killed when Russian fire hit his apartment bloc.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> By the time of Kharkiv's liberation in August 1943, the surviving population had been reduced to under 200,000.<a href="#cite_note-Evening_Kharkiv-64">[62]</a> Seventy percent of the city had been destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-:7-63">[61]</a> According to a New York Time's piece, "The city was more battered than perhaps any other in the Soviet Union save Stalingrad."<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-World_War_II">Post-World War II</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-World War II">edit</a>]</div> Before the occupation, Kharkiv's <a href="/wiki/Malyshev_Factory" title="Malyshev Factory">tank industries</a> had been evacuated to the <a href="/wiki/Urals" class="mw-redirect" title="Urals">Urals</a> with all their equipment, and became the heart of <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army's</a> tank programs and in particular of the Kharkiv designed <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a>. These enterprises returned to Kharkiv after the war, and became central elements of the post-war Soviet <a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">military industrial complex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KvUah5e-66">[64]</a> Houses and factories were rebuilt, and much of the city's center was reconstructed in the style of <a href="/wiki/Stalinist_architecture" title="Stalinist architecture">Stalinist Classicism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kharkiv" title="History of the Jews in Kharkiv">Kharkiv's Jewish community</a> revived after World War II: by 1959 there were 84,000 Jews living in the city. However, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_anti-Zionism" title="Soviet anti-Zionism">Soviet anti-Zionism</a> restricted expressions of Jewish religion and culture, and was sustained until the final Gorbachev years. The confiscated <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Choral_Synagogue" title="Kharkiv Choral Synagogue">Kharkiv Choral Synagogue</a> reopened as a synagogue in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-:9-46">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_2428_zerk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IMG_2428_zerk.jpg/170px-IMG_2428_zerk.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IMG_2428_zerk.jpg/255px-IMG_2428_zerk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/IMG_2428_zerk.jpg/340px-IMG_2428_zerk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zerkal%CA%B9naya_struya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerkalʹnaya struya">Mirror Stream</a> fountain</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharkov0060.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kharkov0060.jpg/220px-Kharkov0060.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kharkov0060.jpg/330px-Kharkov0060.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Kharkov0060.jpg/440px-Kharkov0060.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4667" data-file-height="3165" /></a><figcaption>Kharkiv in 1981</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Brezhnev era">Brezhnev-era</a>, Kharkiv was promoted as a "model Soviet city". Propaganda made much of its "youthfulness", a designation broadly used to suggest the relative absence in the city of "material and spiritual relics" from the pre-revolutionary era, and its commitment to the new frontiers of Soviet industry and science. The city's machine-and-weapons building prowess was attributed to a forward-looking collaboration between its large-scale industrial enterprises and new research institutes and laboratories.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> The last <a href="/wiki/First_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Ukraine" title="First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine">Communist Party chief of Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ivashko" title="Vladimir Ivashko">Vladimir Ivashko</a>, appointed in 1989, trained as a mining engineer and served as a party functionary in Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a> He led the Communists to victory in Kharkiv and across the country in the <a href="/wiki/1990_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Ukrainian parliamentary election">parliamentary election</a> held in the Ukrainian SSR in March 1990.<a href="#cite_note-kalinichenko-72">[70]</a> The election was relatively free, but occurred well before organised political parties had time to form, and did not arrest the decline in the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">CPSU's</a> legitimacy.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> This was accelerated by the intra-party coup attempt against President <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> and his reforms on 18 August 1991, during which Ivashko temporarily replaced Gorbachev as <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">CPSU General Secretary.</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kharkiv" title="National University of Kharkiv">The National University of Kharkiv</a> was at the forefront of democratic agitation. In October 1991, a call from Kyiv for an all-Ukrainian university strike to protest Gorbachev's <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Sovereign_States#Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Sovereign States">new</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Union_Treaty" title="New Union Treaty">Union Treaty</a> and to call for new multi-party elections was met with a rally at the entrance to the university attended not only by students and university teachers, but also by a range of public and cultural figures.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> The protests—the so-called <a href="/wiki/Revolution_on_Granite" title="Revolution on Granite">Revolution on Granite</a><a href="#cite_note-lesson-revolution-granite-76">[74]</a>—ended on 17 October with a resolution of the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a> of the Ukrainian SSR promising further democratic reform. In the event, the only demand fulfilled was the removal of the Communist Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_Ukraine">Independent Ukraine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Independent Ukraine">edit</a>]</div> In the 1 December 1991 <a href="/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Ukrainian independence referendum">Referendum on the Act of Declaration of Independence</a>, on a turnout of 76 percent 86 percent of the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a> approved separate Ukrainian statehood.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/1990s_post-Soviet_aliyah" title="1990s post-Soviet aliyah">1990s post-Soviet aliyah</a>, many Jews from Kharkiv emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> or to Western countries.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> The city's Jewish population, 62,800 in 1970,<a href="#cite_note-:9-46">[44]</a> dropped to 50,000 by the end of the century.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%BC._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg/250px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg/330px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg/500px-%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%2C_%D0%BC._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>New Year's decoration of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square_(Kharkiv)" title="Freedom Square (Kharkiv)">Freedom Square</a> in Kharkiv in 2018</figcaption></figure>The <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">collapse of the Soviet Union</a> disrupted, but did not sever, the ties that bound Kharkiv's heavy industries to the integrated Soviet market and supply chains, and did not diminish dependency on Russian oil, minerals, and gas.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> In Kharkiv and elsewhere in eastern Ukraine, the limited prospects for securing new economic partners in the West, and concern for the rights of Russian-speakers in the new national state, combined to promote the interests of political parties and candidates emphasising understanding and cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>. In the new century, these were represented by the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a> and by the presidential ambitions of <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Victor Yanukovych</a>,<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> which in Kharkiv triumphed in the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_City_Council" title="Kharkiv City Council">city council</a> elections of 2006, in the parliamentary elections of 2007 and in the presidential elections of 2010.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> Although never attaining the level of protest witnessed in Kyiv and in communities further west, following the disputed <a href="/wiki/2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2012 Parliamentary elections</a> public opposition to <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">President Yanukovych</a> and his party surfaced in Kharkiv amid accusations of systematic corruption and of sabotaging prospects for new ties to the European Union.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pro-Russian_unrest_and_violence">Pro-Russian unrest and violence</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pro-Russian unrest and violence">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine#Kharkiv_Oblast" title="2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine">2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine § Kharkiv Oblast</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> protests in the winter of 2013–2014 against then president <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> consisted of daily gatherings of about 200 protestors near the statue of <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a> and were predominantly peaceful.<a href="#cite_note-separatistarrests25324984-85">[83]</a> Disappointed at the turnout, an activist at Kharkiv University suggested that his fellow students "proved to be as much of an inert, grey and cowed mass as Kharkiv’s ‘biudzhetniki’ " (those whose income derives from the state budget, mostly public servants).<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> But Pro-Yanukovych demonstrations, held near the <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Lenin_in_Kharkiv" title="Statue of Lenin in Kharkiv">statue of Lenin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square_(Kharkiv)" title="Freedom Square (Kharkiv)">Freedom (previously Dzerzhinsky) Square</a>, were similarly small.<a href="#cite_note-separatistarrests25324984-85">[83]</a> In the wake of Yanukovych's ouster in February, there were attempts in Kharkiv to follow the example of separatists in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Donbas" title="Donbas">Donbas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_crisis_timeline_BBC-87">[85]</a> On 2 March 2014, a Russian "tourist" from Moscow replaced the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian flag">Ukrainian flag</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Russian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian flag">Russian flag</a> on the Kharkiv Regional State Administration Building.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> On 6 April 2014 pro-Russian protestors occupied the building and unilaterally declared independence from Ukraine as the "<a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv People's Republic">Kharkiv People's Republic</a>".<a href="#cite_note-separatistarrests25324984-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-Focus_Information_Agency-89">[87]</a> Doubts arose about their local origin as they had initially targeted the city's <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_National_Academic_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre">Opera and Ballet Theatre</a> before recognising their mistake.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> Kharkiv's mayor, <a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Kernes" title="Hennadiy Kernes">Hennadiy "Gepa" Kernes</a>, elected in 2010 as the nominee of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Regions" title="Party of Regions">Party of Regions</a>, was placed under house arrest. Claiming to have been "prisoner of Yanukovych's system",<a href="#cite_note-prisoner_of_Yanukovych-91">[89]</a> he now declared his loyalty to acting President <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-separatistarrests25324984-85">[83]</a> In a televised address on 7 April, Turchynov had announced that "a second wave of the Russian Federation's special operation against Ukraine [has] started" with the "goal of destabilising the situation in the country, toppling Ukrainian authorities, disrupting the elections, and tearing our country apart".<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> Kernes persuaded the police to storm the regional administration building and push out the separatists. He was allowed to return to his mayoral duties.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> Police action against the separatists was reinforced by a special forces unit from <a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a> directed by Ukrainian Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Poltorak" title="Stepan Poltorak">Stepan Poltorak</a> the acting commander of the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Troops_of_Ukraine" title="Internal Troops of Ukraine">Ukrainian Internal Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-separatistarrests25324984-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-KRR2-94">[92]</a> On 13 April, some pro-Russian protesters again made it inside the Kharkiv regional state administration building, but were quickly evicted.<a href="#cite_note-KRR2-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-kharkivinfiltrate-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Unian.net-96">[94]</a> Violent clashes resulted in the severe beating of at least 50 pro-Ukrainian protesters in attacks by pro-Russian protesters.<a href="#cite_note-kharkivinfiltrate-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Unian.net-96">[94]</a> On 28 April, <a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Kernes" title="Hennadiy Kernes">Kernes</a> was shot by a sniper,<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> a victim, commentators suggested, of his former pro-Russian allies.<a href="#cite_note-:8-93">[91]</a> Following recovery from his wounds, he was twice been re-elected, but in December 2020 died of COVID-19 related complications.<a href="#cite_note-3156284kharkivITwaKmWa-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-246371KeysKernesKmWa-99">[97]</a> Kernes was succeeded as mayor by <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Terekhov" title="Ihor Terekhov">Ihor Terekhov</a> of the "<a href="/wiki/Kernes_Bloc_%E2%80%94_Successful_Kharkiv" title="Kernes Bloc — Successful Kharkiv">Kernes Bloc — Successful Kharkiv</a>".<a href="#cite_note-7313698KharkivSnap-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kharkiv7308397Terekhov-4">[4]</a> Relatively peaceful demonstrations continued to be held, with "pro-Russian" rallies gradually diminishing and "pro-Ukrainian unity" demonstrations growing in numbers.<a href="#cite_note-OSCE624-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-OSCE257-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-Status_quo_17814-102">[100]</a> On 28 September 2014, activists dismantled Ukraine's largest monument to Lenin at a pro-Ukrainian rally in the central square.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> Polls conducted from September to December 2014 found little support in Kharkiv for joining Russia.<a href="#cite_note-Navalny140923-104">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-DT150103-105">[103]</a> From early November until mid-December, Kharkiv was struck by seven non-lethal bomb blasts. Targets of these attacks included a rock pub known for raising money for Ukrainian forces, a hospital for Ukrainian forces, a military recruiting centre, and a <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard</a> base.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">SBU</a> investigator Vasyliy Vovk, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">Russian covert forces</a> were behind the attacks, and had intended to destabilise the otherwise calm city of Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> Attacks continued into 2015, including a bombing that killed four people during a march commemorating the <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_during_the_2014_Ukrainian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people killed during the 2014 Ukrainian revolution">Euromaidan victims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-separatistarrests25324984-85">[83]</a> After the Euromaidan events and Russian <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">actions in the Crimea</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">Donbas</a> ruptured relations with Moscow, the Kharkiv region experienced a sharp fall in output and employment. Once a hub of cross border trade, Kharkiv was turned into a border fortress. A reorientation to new international markets, increased defense contracts (after Kyiv, the region contains the second-largest number of military-related enterprises) and export growth in the economy's services sector helped fuel a recovery, but people's incomes did not return to pre-2014 levels.<a href="#cite_note-:02-108">[106]</a> By 2018 Kharkiv officially has the lowest unemployment rate in Ukraine, 6 percent. But in part this reflected labor shortages caused by the steady outflow of young and skilled workers to Poland and other European countries.<a href="#cite_note-:02-108">[106]</a> Until 18 July 2020, Kharkiv was incorporated as a <a href="/wiki/City_of_regional_significance_(Ukraine)" title="City of regional significance (Ukraine)">city of oblast significance</a> and served as the administrative center of Kharkiv Raion though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven, the city of Kharkiv was merged into Kharkiv Raion.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022_Russian_invasion">2022 Russian invasion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2022 Russian invasion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">Battle of Kharkiv (2022)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)">Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)</a></div>During the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, Kharkiv <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">was the site of heavy fighting between the Ukrainian and Russian forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> On 27 February, the governor of Kharkiv Oblast <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Syniehubov" title="Oleh Syniehubov">Oleh Syniehubov</a> claimed that Russian troops were repelled from Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> According to a 28 February 2022, report from Agroportal 24h, the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Tractor_Plant" title="Kharkiv Tractor Plant">Kharkiv Tractor Plant (KhTZ)</a>, in the south east of the city, was destroyed and "engulfed in fire" by "massive shelling" from Russian forces.<a href="#cite_note-:4-113">[111]</a> Video purported to record explosions and fire at the plant on 25 and 27 February 2022.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> UNESCO has confirmed that in the first three weeks of bombardment the city experienced the loss or damage of at least 27 major historical buildings.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> On 4 March 2022, Human Rights Watch reported that on the fourth day of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation</a>, 28 February 2022, Federation forces used cluster munitions in the <a href="/wiki/Industrialnyi_District,_Kharkiv" title="Industrialnyi District, Kharkiv">KhTZ</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Saltivskyi_District" title="Saltivskyi District">Saltivskyi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shevchenkivskyi_District,_Kharkiv" title="Shevchenkivskyi District, Kharkiv">Shevchenkivskyi</a> districts of the city. The rights group—which noted the "inherently indiscriminate nature of cluster munitions and their foreseeable effects on civilians"—based its assessment on interviews and an analysis of 40 videos and photographs.<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> In March 2022, during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)" title="Battle of Kharkiv (2022)">Battle of Kharkiv</a>, the city was designated as a <a href="/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine" title="Hero City of Ukraine">Hero City of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> In May 2022, Ukrainian forces began a counter-offensive to drive Russian forces away from the city and towards the international border. By 12 May, the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence reported that Russia had withdrawn units from the Kharkiv area.<a href="#cite_note-fox-119">[117]</a> Russian artillery and rockets remain within range of the city, and it <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Kharkiv_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Kharkiv (2022–present)">continues to suffer shelling</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> and missile strikes.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2024_northeastern_Ukraine_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 northeastern Ukraine offensive">2024 northeastern Ukraine offensive</a></div> In May 2024, after two weeks intensive fighting, and the loss of a number of border villages, Ukrainian forces halted a renewed Russian advance toward Kharkiv. The Ukrainian defence was assisted by American-supplied <a href="/wiki/M142_HIMARS" title="M142 HIMARS">HIMARS missiles</a>, and by US permission to fire these across the border at military targets within Russian territory.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> The Russians retaliated with <a href="/wiki/25_May_2024_Kharkiv_missile_strikes" title="25 May 2024 Kharkiv missile strikes">missile strikes</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Glide_bomb" title="Glide bomb">glide-bomb</a> attack that hit and destroyed an <a href="/wiki/Epicentr_K" title="Epicentr K">Epicenter K</a> hypermarket killing 18 civilians.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharkivstrelka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kharkivstrelka.jpg/220px-Kharkivstrelka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kharkivstrelka.jpg/330px-Kharkivstrelka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Kharkivstrelka.jpg/440px-Kharkivstrelka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The Lopan-Kharkiv river spur</figcaption></figure> Kharkiv is located at the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv River">Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lopan_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lopan River">Lopan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Udy_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Udy River">Udy</a> rivers, where they flow into the <a href="/wiki/Donets" title="Donets">Siverskyi Donets</a> watershed in the north-eastern region of Ukraine. Historically, Kharkiv lies in the <a href="/wiki/Sloboda_Ukraine" title="Sloboda Ukraine">Sloboda Ukraine</a> region (Slobozhanshchyna also known as Slobidshchyna) in Ukraine, in which it is considered to be the main city. The approximate dimensions of city of Kharkiv are: from the North to the South — 24.3 km; from the West to the East — 25.2 km. Based on Kharkiv's topography, the city can be conditionally divided into four lower districts and four higher districts. The highest point above sea level, in Piatykhatky, is 202m, and the lowest is Novoselivka in Kharkiv is 94m.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Kharkiv lies in the large valley of rivers of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv River">Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lopan" title="Lopan">Lopan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Udy_(river)" title="Udy (river)">Udy</a>, and Nemyshlia. This valley lies from the North West to the South East between the Mid Russian highland and Donets lowland. All the rivers interconnect in Kharkiv and flow into the river of <a href="/wiki/Seversky_Donets" class="mw-redirect" title="Seversky Donets">Northern Donets</a>. A special system of concrete and metal dams was designed and built by engineers to regulate the water level in the rivers in Kharkiv.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Kharkiv has a large number of green city parks with a long history of more than 100 years with very old oak trees and many flowers.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_(Kharkiv)" title="Central Park (Kharkiv)">Central Park</a> is Kharkiv's largest public garden. The park has nine areas: children, extreme sports, family entertainment, a medieval area, entertainment center, French park, cable car, sports grounds, retro park. This park was previously named after <a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a> until June 2023 when it was renamed Central Park for Culture and Recreation.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Kharkiv's climate is <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Dfa/Dfb) with long, cold, snowy winters and warm to hot summers. The average rainfall totals 519 mm (20 in) per year, with the most in June and July. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kharkiv, Ukraine (1991–2020, extremes 1841–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 (58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5 (86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8 (103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4 (101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8 (103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5 (94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3 (84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3 (68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC184; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.4 (56.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.8 (103.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1 (28.2) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8 (30.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 (41.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5 (68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6 (54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7 (30.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.9 (55.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5 (23.9) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8 (25.2) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 (34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 (49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 (46.8) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (34.9) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9 (26.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.7 (47.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.8 (19.8) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6 (20.1) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9 (28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 (40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 (51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4 (59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8 (30.6) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1 (22.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.6 (40.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.6 (−32.1) </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.8 (−21.6) </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.2 (−26.0) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.4 (11.5) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9 (28.6) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 (42.3) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.9 (26.8) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.1 (15.6) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.9 (−5.6) </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.8 (−23.4) </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−35.6 (−32.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 (1.5) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (1.4) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 (2.1) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 (2.3) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 (2.5) </td> <td style="background: #C4FFC4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (1.5) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 (1.7) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 (1.7) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (1.5) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40 (1.6) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">519 (20.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 (3.1) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 (3.1) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 (0.4) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 (1.6) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11 (4.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">143 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #0B0BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.03 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.3 </td> <td style="background: #0303FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.7 </td> <td style="background: #1616FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.9 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.2 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.3 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000B6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E3; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">73.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #505050; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #888888; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">267 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">289 </td> <td style="background: #F0F00F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">308 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">286 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205 </td> <td style="background: #B7B757; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123 </td> <td style="background: #676767; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #414141; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">36 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,999 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net<a href="#cite_note-weather1-126">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NCEI" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEI">NCEI</a> (humidity 1981–2010, sun 1991–2020)<a href="#cite_note-WMOCLINO-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-128">[126]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:710px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of the central district in Kharkiv"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_3.jpg/700px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="399" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_3.jpg/1050px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_3.jpg/1400px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3896" data-file-height="2220" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96_3.jpg" title="File:Будинок держпромисловості 3.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of the central district in Kharkiv</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Governance">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal_status_and_local_government">Legal status and local government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legal status and local government">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Kharkiv" title="List of mayors of Kharkiv">List of mayors of Kharkiv</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Kharkiv">Mayor of Kharkiv</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_City_Council" title="Kharkiv City Council">Kharkiv City Council</a> govern all the business and administrative affairs in the City of Kharkiv. The mayor of Kharkiv has the executive powers; the city council has the administrative powers as far as the government issues are concerned. The mayor of Kharkiv is elected by direct public election in Kharkiv every four years. The city council is composed of elected representatives, who approve or reject the initiatives on the budget allocation, tasks priorities and other issues in Kharkiv. The representatives to the city council are elected every four years. The mayor and city council hold their regular meetings in the City Hall in Kharkiv. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> While Kharkiv is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">administrative centre</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a> (<a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">province</a>), the city affairs are managed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv_City_Municipality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kharkiv City Municipality (page does not exist)">Kharkiv Municipality</a>. Kharkiv is a <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">city of oblast subordinance</a>. <table class="toccolours" style="float:right; font-size:80%; margin-left:10px;"> <caption><big></big> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><ol> <li><a href="/wiki/Kholodnohirskyi_District" title="Kholodnohirskyi District">Kholodnohirskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shevchenkivskyi_District,_Kharkiv" title="Shevchenkivskyi District, Kharkiv">Shevchenkivskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyivskyi_District,_Kharkiv" title="Kyivskyi District, Kharkiv">Kyivskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltivskyi_District" title="Saltivskyi District">Saltivskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemyshlianskyi_District" title="Nemyshlianskyi District">Nemyshlianskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrialnyi_District,_Kharkiv" title="Industrialnyi District, Kharkiv">Industrialnyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobidskyi_District" title="Slobidskyi District">Slobidskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnovianskyi_District" title="Osnovianskyi District">Osnovianskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novobavarskyi_District" title="Novobavarskyi District">Novobavarskyi District</a></li> </ol> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.svg/185px-%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="185" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.svg/278px-%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.svg/370px-%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><ol start="18"> </ol> </td></tr></tbody></table> The territory of Kharkiv is divided into 9 administrative <a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">raions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts">districts</a>), until February 2016 they were named for people, places, events, and organizations associated with early years of the Soviet Union but many were renamed in February 2016 to comply with <a href="/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine" title="Decommunization in Ukraine">decommunization laws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nmcrinK-2">[2]</a> Also, owing to this law, over 200 streets have been renamed in Kharkiv since 20 November 2015.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> The raions are named:<a href="#cite_note-nmcrinK-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3684227-u-kharkovi-130">[128]</a> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Kholodnohirskyi_District" title="Kholodnohirskyi District">Kholodnohirskyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Холодногірський район, Cold Mountain; namesake: the historic name of the neighbourhood<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a>) (formerly Leninskyi; namesake: <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shevchenkivskyi_District,_Kharkiv" title="Shevchenkivskyi District, Kharkiv">Shevchenkivskyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Шевченківський район); namesake: <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a> (formerly Dzerzhynskyi; namesake <a href="/wiki/Felix_Dzerzhinsky" title="Felix Dzerzhinsky">Felix Dzerzhinsky</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyivskyi_District,_Kharkiv" title="Kyivskyi District, Kharkiv">Kyivskyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Київський район); namesake: <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> (formerly Kahanovychskyi; namesake: <a href="/wiki/Lazar_Kaganovich" title="Lazar Kaganovich">Lazar Kaganovich</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltivskyi_District" title="Saltivskyi District">Saltivskyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Салтівський район); namesake: <a href="/wiki/Saltivka" title="Saltivka">Saltivka</a> residential area (formerly Moskovskyi; namesake: Moscow)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemyshlianskyi_District" title="Nemyshlianskyi District">Nemyshlianskyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Немишлянський район) (formerly Frunzenskyi: namesake: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Frunze" title="Mikhail Frunze">Mikhail Frunze</a><a href="#cite_note-3684227-u-kharkovi-130">[128]</a>);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrialnyi_District,_Kharkiv" title="Industrialnyi District, Kharkiv">Industrialnyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Індустріальний район) (formerly Ordzhonikidzevskyi; namesake: <a href="/wiki/Sergo_Ordzhonikidze" title="Sergo Ordzhonikidze">Sergo Ordzhonikidze</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobidskyi_District" title="Slobidskyi District">Slobidskyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Слобідський район) (formerly <a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Komintern</a>іvskyi<a href="#cite_note-3684227-u-kharkovi-130">[128]</a>); namesake: <a href="/wiki/Sloboda_Ukraine" title="Sloboda Ukraine">Sloboda Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnovianskyi_District" title="Osnovianskyi District">Osnovianskyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Основ'янський район) (formerly Chervonozavodskyi<a href="#cite_note-3684227-u-kharkovi-130">[128]</a>); namesake: Osnova, a city neighborhood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novobavarskyi_District" title="Novobavarskyi District">Novobavarskyi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Новобаварський район) (formerly Zhovtnevyi<a href="#cite_note-3684227-u-kharkovi-130">[128]</a>); namesake: Nova Bavaria, a city neighborhood</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/60px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/120px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1660<a href="#cite_note-Тайны_подземного_Харькова-132">[130]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1788<a href="#cite_note-Харьков:_Архитектура-133">[131]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,742</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+974.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1850<a href="#cite_note-dyachenko-134">[132]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,861</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+289.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861<a href="#cite_note-dyachenko-134">[132]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">50,301</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1901<a href="#cite_note-dyachenko-134">[132]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">198,273</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+294.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1916<a href="#cite_note-skorobohatov-135">[133]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">352,300</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+77.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1917<a href="#cite_note-От_крепости_до_столицы-136">[134]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">382,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920<a href="#cite_note-skorobohatov-135">[133]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">285,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−25.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926<a href="#cite_note-skorobohatov-135">[133]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">417,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+46.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1939<a href="#cite_note-perepis-1939-137">[135]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">833,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+99.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941<a href="#cite_note-skorobohatov-135">[133]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">902,312</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,400,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+55.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941<a href="#cite_note-skorobohatov-135">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">456,639</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−67.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1943<a href="#cite_note-История:_без_белых_пятен-140">[138]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">170,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−62.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1959<a href="#cite_note-dyachenko-134">[132]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">930,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+447.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962<a href="#cite_note-dyachenko-134">[132]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1976<a href="#cite_note-dyachenko-134">[132]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,384,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+38.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982<a href="#cite_note-Харьков:_Архитектура-133">[131]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,500,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,609,959</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2001<a href="#cite_note-Перепись_2001-142">[140]</a> </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,470,902</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−8.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011<a href="#cite_note-Cities_&_Towns_of_Ukraine-143">[141]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,446,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">January 2022<a href="#cite_note-Cities_&_Towns_of_Ukraine-143">[141]</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,421,125</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">March 2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">400,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−71.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">June 2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">750,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+87.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">November 2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,100,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+46.7%</td></tr></tbody></table> According to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1989)">1989 Soviet Union Census</a>, the population of the city was 1,593,970. In 1991, it decreased to 1,510,200, including 1,494,200 permanent residents.<a href="#cite_note-Our_Kharkiv-144">[142]</a> The population in 2023 was 1,430,885.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> Kharkiv is the second-largest city in Ukraine after the capital, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ukrcensus1-146">[144]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2001_Ukrainian_census" title="2001 Ukrainian census">first independent all-Ukrainian population census</a> was conducted in December 2001, and the next all-Ukrainian population census is decreed to be conducted after the end of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russo-Ukrainian war</a>. As of 2001, the population of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a> is as follows: 78.5% living in urban areas, and 21.5% living in rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <table class="standard"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ethnic group</th> <th>1897<a href="#cite_note-:1-44">[42]</a></th> <th>1926</th> <th>1939</th> <th>1959<a href="#cite_note-:3-45">[43]</a></th> <th>1989<a href="#cite_note-Our_Kharkiv-144">[142]</a></th> <th>2001<a href="#cite_note-vharkov-148">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-ukrcensus-149">[147]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Kharkiv#Dubious" title="Talk:Kharkiv">discuss</a>] </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a></td> <td>25.9%</td> <td>38.6%</td> <td>48.5%</td> <td>48.4%</td> <td>50.4%</td> <td>62.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a></td> <td>63.2%</td> <td>37.2%</td> <td>32.9%</td> <td>40.4%</td> <td>43.6%</td> <td>33.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jews</td> <td>5.7%</td> <td>19.5%</td> <td>15.6%</td> <td>8.7%</td> <td>3.0%</td> <td>0.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Notes">Notes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1660 year – approximated estimation</li> <li>1788 year – without the account of children</li> <li>1920 year – times of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li>1941 year – estimation on 1 May, right before <a href="/wiki/German-Soviet_War" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Soviet War">German-Soviet War</a></li> <li>1941 year – next estimation in September varies between 1,400,000 and 1,450,000</li> <li>1941 year – another estimation in December during the occupation without the account of children</li> <li>1943 year – 23 August, liberation of the city; estimation varied 170,000 and 220,000</li> <li>1976 year – estimation on 1 June</li> <li>1982 year – estimation in March</li></ul> Kharkiv has a sizeable <a href="/wiki/Ukraine%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations#Vietnamese_community_in_Ukraine" title="Ukraine–Vietnam relations">Vietnamese community</a> who dominate the local <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barabashovo_Market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barabashovo Market (page does not exist)">Barabashovo market</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="uk:Барабашово">uk</a>] (one of the largest markets in Europe).<a href="#cite_note-Barabashovo2024jun18-150">[148]</a> At the market most of these (Vietnamese) traders use a <a href="/wiki/Ukrainization" title="Ukrainization">Ukrainianised</a> version of their names.<a href="#cite_note-Barabashovo2024jun18-150">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> Distribution of the population of the city of Kharkiv by <a href="/wiki/First_language#Defining_"native_language"" title="First language">native language</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/2001_Ukrainian_census" title="2001 Ukrainian census">2001 census</a>:<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> <table class="standard"> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th>Number </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> </td> <td align="right">460 607</td> <td align="right">31.77% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">Russian</a> </td> <td align="right">954 901</td> <td align="right">65.86% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other or undecided </td> <td align="right">34 363</td> <td align="right">2.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td align="right">1,449,871</td> <td align="right">100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> According to a survey conducted by the <a href="/wiki/International_Republican_Institute" title="International Republican Institute">International Republican Institute</a> in April–May 2023, 16% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 78% spoke Russian.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dormition_Cathedral,_Kharkiv_-_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Kharkiv_-_04.jpg/250px-Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Kharkiv_-_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Kharkiv_-_04.jpg/330px-Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Kharkiv_-_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Kharkiv_-_04.jpg/500px-Dormition_Cathedral%2C_Kharkiv_-_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4054" data-file-height="6075" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dormition_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Dormition Cathedral, Kharkiv">Assumption or Dormition Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blagoveschensky_Cathedral_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blagoveschensky_Cathedral_-_01.jpg/220px-Blagoveschensky_Cathedral_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blagoveschensky_Cathedral_-_01.jpg/330px-Blagoveschensky_Cathedral_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blagoveschensky_Cathedral_-_01.jpg/440px-Blagoveschensky_Cathedral_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="4508" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Annunciation Cathedral, Kharkiv">Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_Orthodox_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest Orthodox churches">tallest Orthodox churches</a> in the world. It was completed on 2 October 1888.</figcaption></figure> Kharkiv is an important religious centre in Eastern Ukraine. There are many old and new religious buildings, associated with various denominations in Kharkiv. <a href="/wiki/Assumption_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Assumption Cathedral, Kharkiv">Assumption Orthodox Cathedral</a> was built in Kharkiv in the 1680s and rebuilt in the 1820s and 1830s.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv-153">[151]</a> Holy Trinity Orthodox Church was built in Kharkiv in 1758–1764 and rebuilt in 1857–1861.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv4-154">[152]</a> <a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Annunciation Cathedral, Kharkiv">Annunciation Orthodox Cathedral</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_Orthodox_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest Orthodox churches">tallest Orthodox churches</a> in the world, was completed in Kharkiv on 2 October 1888.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv3-155">[153]</a> Recently built churches include St. Valentine's Orthodox Church and St. Tamara's Orthodox Church.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv5-156">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-kharkiv6-157">[155]</a> Kharkiv's Jewish population is estimated to be around 8,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-jewishkharkov-158">[156]</a> It is served by the old <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Choral_Synagogue" title="Kharkiv Choral Synagogue">Kharkiv Choral Synagogue</a>, which was fully renovated in Kharkiv in 1991–2016. There are two mosques including the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Cathedral_Mosque" title="Kharkiv Cathedral Mosque">Kharkiv Cathedral Mosque</a> and one Islamic center in Kharkiv.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0,17-22.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C17-22.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C17-22.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C17-22.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C17-22.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C17-22.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C17-22.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3772" data-file-height="3772" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sumska_Street" title="Sumska Street">Sumska Street</a> is the main thoroughfare of Kharkiv.</figcaption></figure> The 2016–2020 economic development strategy: "Kharkiv Success Strategy", is created in Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv8-159">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-kharkiv9-160">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-kharkiv10-161">[159]</a> Kharkiv has a diversified service economy, with employment spread across a wide range of professional services, including financial services, manufacturing, tourism, and high technology. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_corporations">Industrial corporations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Industrial corporations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3F9A5699_(37149528342).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/3F9A5699_%2837149528342%29.jpg/220px-3F9A5699_%2837149528342%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/3F9A5699_%2837149528342%29.jpg/330px-3F9A5699_%2837149528342%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/3F9A5699_%2837149528342%29.jpg/440px-3F9A5699_%2837149528342%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4611" data-file-height="2882" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kvant-2" title="Kvant-2">Kvant-2</a> module – its control system was designed at <a href="/wiki/Khartron" title="Khartron">Khartron</a> in Kharkiv.</figcaption></figure> During the Soviet era, Kharkiv was the capital of industrial production in Ukraine and a large centre of industry and commerce in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1985%E2%80%931991)#Dissolution_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)">collapse of the Soviet Union</a> the largely defence-systems-oriented industrial production of the city decreased significantly. In the early 2000s, the industry started to recover and adapt to market economy needs. The enterprises comprise machine-building, electro-technology, instrument-making, and energy conglomerates.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] State-owned industrial giants, such as <a href="/wiki/Turboatom" title="Turboatom">Turboatom</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrovazhmash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrovazhmash (page does not exist)">Elektrovazhmash</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> occupy 17% of the heavy power equipment construction (e.g., turbines) market worldwide. Multipurpose aircraft are produced by the <a href="/wiki/Antonov" title="Antonov">Antonov</a> aircraft manufacturing plant. The <a href="/wiki/Malyshev_factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Malyshev factory">Malyshev factory</a> produces not only <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">armoured fighting vehicles</a>, but also harvesters. <a href="/wiki/Khartron" title="Khartron">Khartron</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> is the leading designer of space and commercial control systems in Ukraine and the former <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">CIS</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(45)_DERZHPROM_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/%2845%29_DERZHPROM_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg/250px-%2845%29_DERZHPROM_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/%2845%29_DERZHPROM_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg/330px-%2845%29_DERZHPROM_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/%2845%29_DERZHPROM_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg/500px-%2845%29_DERZHPROM_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Derzhprom" title="Derzhprom">Derzhprom</a> building</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IT_industry">IT industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: IT industry">edit</a>]</div> As of April 2018, there were 25,000 specialists in IT industry of the Kharkiv region, 76% of them were related to computer programming. Thus, Kharkiv accounts for 14% of all IT specialists in Ukraine and makes the second largest IT location in the country, right after the capital Kyiv.<a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a> Also, the number of active IT companies in the region to be 445, five of them employing more than 601 people. Besides, there are 22 large companies with the workers' number ranging from 201 to 600. More than half of IT-companies located in the Kharkiv region fall into "extra small" category with less than 20 persons engaged. The list is compiled with 43 medium (81–200 employers) and 105 small companies (21–80).[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Due to the comparably narrow market for IT services in Ukraine, the majority of Kharkiv companies are export-oriented with more than 95% of total sales generated overseas in 2017. Overall, the estimated revenue of Kharkiv IT companies will more than double from $800 million in 2018 to $1.85 billion by 2025. The major markets are North America (65%) and Europe (25%).<a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finance_industry">Finance industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Finance industry">edit</a>]</div> Kharkiv is also the headquarters of one of the largest Ukrainian banks, <a href="/wiki/UkrSibbank" class="mw-redirect" title="UkrSibbank">UkrSibbank</a>, which has been part of the <a href="/wiki/BNP_Paribas" title="BNP Paribas">BNP Paribas</a> group since December 2005. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade_industry">Trade industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Trade industry">edit</a>]</div> There are many large modern shopping malls in Kharkiv. There is a large number of markets: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barabashovo_Market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barabashovo Market (page does not exist)">Barabashovo market</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="uk:Барабашово">uk</a>], the largest market in Ukraine[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and one of the largest markets in Europe<a href="#cite_note-Barabashovo2024jun18-150">[148]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsentralnyi_Market&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsentralnyi Market (page does not exist)">Tsentralnyi market</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" class="extiw" title="uk:Благовіщенський базар">uk</a>] (Blahovishchenskyi market)</li> <li>Kinnyi (Horse) market</li> <li>Sumskyi market<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv11-166">[164]</a></li> <li>Raiskyi book market</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science_and_education">Science and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Science and education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:(39)_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_MAIN_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%2839%29_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_MAIN_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg/190px-%2839%29_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_MAIN_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%2839%29_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_MAIN_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg/285px-%2839%29_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_MAIN_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%2839%29_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_MAIN_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg/380px-%2839%29_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_MAIN_BUILDING_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Main building of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Kharkiv">V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0050.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0050.jpg/190px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0050.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0050.jpg/285px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0050.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0050.jpg/380px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0050.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1874" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Northern building of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Kharkiv">V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:(41)_MECHNIKOV_LANDAU_KUZNETS_MONUMENTS_AT_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%2841%29_MECHNIKOV_LANDAU_KUZNETS_MONUMENTS_AT_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg/190px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%2841%29_MECHNIKOV_LANDAU_KUZNETS_MONUMENTS_AT_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg/285px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/%2841%29_MECHNIKOV_LANDAU_KUZNETS_MONUMENTS_AT_V_N_KARAZIN_KHARKIV_NATIONAL_UNIVERSITY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160621.jpg/380px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2560" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Il'ya I. Mechnikov, Lev D. Landau, Simon A. Kuznets Nobel Laureates Monuments at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Kharkiv">V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Higher education">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_National_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv National University">Vasyl N. Karazin Kharkiv National University</a> is the most prestigious reputable classic university, which was founded due to the efforts by <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Karazin" title="Vasily Karazin">Vasily Karazin</a> in Kharkiv in 1804–1805.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv12-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-kyiv-168">[166]</a> On 29 January [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 17 January] 1805, the Decree on the Opening of the Imperial University in Kharkiv came into force. The Roentgen Institute opened in 1931. It was a specialist cancer treatment facility with 87 research workers, 20 professors, and specialist medical staff. The facilities included chemical, physiology, and bacteriology experimental treatment laboratories. It produced x-ray apparatus for the whole country.<a href="#cite_note-Socialist_Health_Association-169">[167]</a> The city has 13 national universities and numerous professional, technical and private higher education institutions, offering its students a wide range of disciplines. These universities include <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_National_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv National University">Kharkiv National University</a> (12,000 students), <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Polytechnical_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute">National Technical University "KhPI"</a> (20,000 students), <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_National_University_of_Radioelectronics" title="Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics">Kharkiv National University of Radioelectronics</a> (12,000 students), <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Mudryi_National_Law_University" title="Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University">Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_National_Aerospace_University_%22KhAI%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv National Aerospace University "KhAI"">Kharkiv National Aerospace University "KhAI"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_National_University_of_Economics" title="Kharkiv National University of Economics">Kharkiv National University of Economics</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_Academy_of_Pharmacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ukrainian Academy of Pharmacy (page does not exist)">Kharkiv National University of Pharmacy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_National_Medical_University" title="Kharkiv National Medical University">Kharkiv National Medical University</a>. More than 17,000 faculty and research staff are employed in the institutions of higher education in Kharkiv. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific_research">Scientific research</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Scientific research">edit</a>]</div> The city has a high concentration of research institutions, which are independent or loosely connected with the universities. Among them are three national science centres: <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Institute_of_Physics_and_Technology" title="Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology">Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology</a>, Institute of Meteorology, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine and 20 national research institutions of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Science_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Academy of Science of Ukraine">National Academy of Science of Ukraine</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/B_Verkin_Institute_for_Low_Temperature_Physics_and_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="B Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering">B Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Problems_of_Cryobiology_and_Cryomedicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine">Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine</a>, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", Usikov Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics (IRE), Institute of Radio Astronomy (IRA), and others. A total number of 26,000 scientists are working in research and development. A number of world-renowned scientific schools appeared in Kharkiv, such as the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Theoretical_Physics_School" title="Kharkiv Theoretical Physics School">theoretical physics school</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Mathematical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv Mathematical School">mathematical school</a>. There is the Kharkiv Scientists House in the city, which was built by A. N. Beketov, architect in Kharkiv in 1900. All the scientists like to meet and discuss various scientific topics at the Kharkiv Scientists House in Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-khdu-170">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_libraries">Public libraries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Public libraries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%A3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%A3.jpg/220px-%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%A3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%A3.jpg/330px-%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%A3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%A3.jpg/440px-%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%A3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Students in the library of the National University of Pharmacy in Kharkiv</figcaption></figure> In addition to the libraries affiliated with the various universities and research institutions, the Kharkiv State Scientific V. Korolenko-library is a major research library. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_schools">Secondary schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Secondary schools">edit</a>]</div> Kharkiv has 212 (secondary education) schools, including 10 <a href="/wiki/Lyceum" title="Lyceum">lyceums</a> and 20 <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasiums</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In May 2024 the first of a scatter of underground schools in Kharkiv was opened in <a href="/wiki/Industrialnyi_District,_Kharkiv" title="Industrialnyi District, Kharkiv">Industrialnyi District</a>, so children could continue their education amidst the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)">missile strikes in Kharkiv</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KharkivMAStrikes7455435-171">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_centers">Education centers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Education centers">edit</a>]</div> There is the educational "Landau Center", which is named after L.D. Landau, Nobel laureate in Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-landaucentre-172">[170]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> Kharkiv is one of the main cultural centres in Ukraine. It is home to 20 museums, over 10 theatres [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and a number of art galleries. Until 2022, large music and cinema festivals were hosted in Kharkiv almost every year. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatres">Theatres</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Theatres">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.jpg/250px-%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.jpg/330px-%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.jpg/500px-%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3911" data-file-height="2995" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Ukrainian_Drama_Theatre" title="Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre">Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_State_Academic_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre_named_after_Mykola_Lysenko" title="Kharkiv State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre named after Mykola Lysenko">Kharkiv National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre</a> named after N. V. Lysenko is the biggest theatre in Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-hatob-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-hatob2-174">[172]</a> In 2017 the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Ukrainian_Drama_Theatre" title="Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre">Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre</a> named after T. G. Shevchenko was especially popular among theater audiences more prone to speak Ukrainian in daily life.<a href="#cite_note-theatre-shevchenko-175">[173]</a> Since the Russian, the theatre has operated underground.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> The Kharkiv Academic Drama Theatre was recently renovated, and it is quite popular among locals.<a href="#cite_note-rusdrama-178">[176]</a> Until October 2023 this theater was named after Russian poet <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Derussification_in_Ukraine" title="Derussification in Ukraine">derussification of Ukraine campaign</a> of that area led to its renaming that also meant the removal of (the word) "<a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian-language_playwrights" title="List of Russian-language playwrights">Russian</a>" from the name.<a href="#cite_note-PushkinskaKharkivTheater-179">[177]</a> The Kharkiv Theatre of the Young Spectator (now the Theatre for Children and Youth) is one of the oldest theatres for children.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> The Kharkiv Puppet Theatre (The Kharkiv State Academic Puppet Theatre named after VA Afanasyev) is the first puppet theatre in the territory of Kharkiv. It was created in 1935. The Kharkiv Academic Theatre of Musical Comedy is a theatre founded on 1 November 1929 in Kharkiv. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pushkin_Theater_in_Khark%D1%96v_(08).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pushkin_Theater_in_Khark%D1%96v_%2808%29.jpg/250px-Pushkin_Theater_in_Khark%D1%96v_%2808%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pushkin_Theater_in_Khark%D1%96v_%2808%29.jpg/330px-Pushkin_Theater_in_Khark%D1%96v_%2808%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Pushkin_Theater_in_Khark%D1%96v_%2808%29.jpg/500px-Pushkin_Theater_in_Khark%D1%96v_%2808%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Kharkiv Academic Drama Theatre</figcaption></figure> In the 1930s Kharkiv was referred to as a Literary <a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush" title="Klondike Gold Rush">Klondike</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It was the centre for the work of literary figures such as: <a href="/wiki/Les_Kurbas" title="Les Kurbas">Les Kurbas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Kulish" title="Mykola Kulish">Mykola Kulish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Khvylovy" title="Mykola Khvylovy">Mykola Khvylovy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Zerov" title="Mykola Zerov">Mykola Zerov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valerian_Pidmohylny" title="Valerian Pidmohylny">Valerian Pidmohylny</a>, Pavlo Filipovych, Marko Voronny, Oleksa Slisarenko. Over 100 of these writers were repressed during the Stalinist purges of the 1930s. This tragic event in Ukrainian history is called the "Executed Renaissance" (Rozstrilene vidrodzhennia). Today, a literary museum located on Frunze Street marks their work and achievements. Today, Kharkiv is often referred to as the "capital city" of Ukrainian science fiction and fantasy.<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> It is home to a number of popular writers, such as <a href="/wiki/H._L._Oldie" title="H. L. Oldie">H. L. Oldie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zorich" title="Alexander Zorich">Alexander Zorich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Dashkov" title="Andrey Dashkov">Andrey Dashkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Nikitin_(author)" title="Yuri Nikitin (author)">Yuri Nikitin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Valentinov" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrey Valentinov">Andrey Valentinov</a>; most of them <a href="/wiki/Russian_language_in_Ukraine" title="Russian language in Ukraine">write in Russian</a> and are popular in both Russia and Ukraine. The annual <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">science fiction convention</a> "Star Bridge" (Звёздный мост) has been held in Kharkiv since 1999.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Academic_Chorus_of_Kharkov_Philharmonic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Academic_Chorus_of_Kharkov_Philharmonic.jpg/220px-Academic_Chorus_of_Kharkov_Philharmonic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Academic_Chorus_of_Kharkov_Philharmonic.jpg/330px-Academic_Chorus_of_Kharkov_Philharmonic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Academic_Chorus_of_Kharkov_Philharmonic.jpg/440px-Academic_Chorus_of_Kharkov_Philharmonic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="249" /></a><figcaption>Academic choir of Kharkiv Philharmonic named after V. Palkin and chief leader of choir, prize winner of the all-Ukrainian choir masters contest, Andriy Syrotenko.</figcaption></figure> There is the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Philharmonic_Society" title="Kharkiv Philharmonic Society">Kharkiv Philharmonic Society</a> in the city. The leading group active in the Philharmonic has been the Academic Symphony Orchestra. It had 100 musicians of a high professional level, many of whom are prize-winners in international and national competitions. There is the Organ Music Hall in the city.<a href="#cite_note-filarmonia3-184">[182]</a> The Organ Music Hall is situated at the <a href="/wiki/Dormition_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Dormition Cathedral, Kharkiv">Assumption Cathedral</a> presently. The <a href="/wiki/Rieger%E2%80%93Kloss" title="Rieger–Kloss">Rieger–Kloss</a> organ was installed in the building of the Organ Music Hall back in 1986. The new Organ Music Hall will be opened at the extensively renovated building of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Philharmonic_Society" title="Kharkiv Philharmonic Society">Kharkiv Philharmonic Society</a> in Kharkiv in November 2016. The <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Conservatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv Conservatory">Kharkiv Conservatory</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_National_Kotlyarevsky_University_of_Arts" title="Kharkiv National Kotlyarevsky University of Arts">Kharkiv National University of Arts named after I.P. Kotlyarevsky</a> has been the major music schools.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv13-185">[183]</a> Kharkiv hosted the prestigious, tri-annual <a href="/wiki/Hnat_Khotkevych" title="Hnat Khotkevych">Hnat Khotkevych</a> International Music Competition of Performers of Ukrainian Folk Instruments,<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> and the "Kharkiv – City of Kind Hopes" festival.<a href="#cite_note-filarmonia4-187">[185]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a> band <a href="/wiki/Drudkh" title="Drudkh">Drudkh</a> came from Kharkiv. In 2024, its former drummer Mykola Sostin, was killed fighting for Ukraine in the war.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films">Films</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Films">edit</a>]</div> From 1907 to 2008, at least 86 feature films were shot in the city's territory and its region. The most famous is <a href="/wiki/Fragment_of_an_Empire" title="Fragment of an Empire">Fragment of an Empire</a> (1929). Arriving in Leningrad, the main character, in addition to the usual pre-revolutionary buildings, sees the <a href="/wiki/Derzhprom" title="Derzhprom">Derzhprom</a> – a symbol of a new era. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_festivals">Film festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Film festivals">edit</a>]</div> The Kharkiv Lilacs international film festival is very popular among movie stars, makers and producers in Ukraine, Eastern Europe, Western Europe and North America.<a href="#cite_note-sirenfest.net.ua-189">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-times.kh.ua-190">[188]</a> The annual festival is usually conducted in May.<a href="#cite_note-sirenfest.net.ua-189">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-times.kh.ua-190">[188]</a> There is a special alley with metal hand prints by popular movies actors at Shevchenko park in Kharkiv. <a href="#cite_note-times.kh.ua-190">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-dozor-191">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Visual arts">edit</a>]</div> Kharkiv has been a home for many famous painters, including <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Repin" title="Ilya Repin">Ilya Repin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zinaida_Serebryakova" class="mw-redirect" title="Zinaida Serebryakova">Zinaida Serebryakova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Siemiradzki" title="Henryk Siemiradzki">Henryk Siemiradzki</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Yermilov" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasyl Yermilov">Vasyl Yermilov</a>. There are many modern arts galleries in the city: the Yermilov Centre, Lilacs Gallery, the Kharkiv Art Museum, the Kharkiv Municipal Gallery, the AC Gallery, Palladium Gallery, the Semiradsky Gallery, AVEK Gallery, and Arts of Slobozhanshyna Gallery among others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8E_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8E_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97.jpg/220px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8E_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8E_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97.jpg/330px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8E_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8E_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97.jpg/440px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8E_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8E_%D0%B7_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>M. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xud-muzej.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Xud-muzej.jpg/250px-Xud-muzej.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Xud-muzej.jpg/330px-Xud-muzej.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Xud-muzej.jpg/500px-Xud-muzej.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Art_Museum" title="Kharkiv Art Museum">Kharkiv Art Museum</a></figcaption></figure> There are around 147 museums in the Kharkiv's region.<a href="#cite_note-museums-192">[190]</a> Museums in the city include: <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/M._F._Sumtsov_Kharkiv_Historical_Museum" title="M. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum">M. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum</a><a href="#cite_note-museum-193">[191]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Art_Museum" title="Kharkiv Art Museum">Kharkiv Art Museum</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a></li> <li>The Natural History Museum at V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University was founded in Kharkiv on 2 April 1807. The museum is visited by 40000 visitors every year.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv14-195">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-kyiv2-196">[194]</a></li> <li>The V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University History Museum was established in Kharkiv in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv15-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-kharkiv16-198">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-kyiv3-199">[197]</a></li> <li>The V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Archeology Museum was founded in Kharkiv on 20 March 1998.<a href="#cite_note-maesu-200">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-kyiv4-201">[199]</a></li> <li>The National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnical Institute" Museum was created in Kharkiv on 29 December 1972.<a href="#cite_note-kharkiv17-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-kharkiv18-203">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-kharkiv19-204">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-kharkiv20-205">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-kyiv5-206">[204]</a></li> <li>The National Aerospace University "Kharkiv Aviation Institute" Museum was founded on 29 May 1992.<a href="#cite_note-kyiv6-207">[205]</a></li> <li>The "National University of Pharmacy" Museum was founded in Kharkiv on 15 September 2010.<a href="#cite_note-nuph-208">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-nuph2-209">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-kyiv7-210">[208]</a></li> <li>The Kharkiv Maritime Museum – a museum dedicated to the history of shipbuilding and navigation.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a></li> <li>The Kharkiv Puppet Museum is the oldest museum of dolls in Ukraine.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Memorial museum-apartment of the family Grizodubov.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Club-Museum of Claudia Shulzhenko.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a></li> <li>The Museum of "First Aid".[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The Museum of Urban Transport.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Sexual_Cultures" title="Museum of Sexual Cultures">Museum of Sexual Cultures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-213">[211]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Landmarks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0057.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0057.jpg/250px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0057.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0057.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0057.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0057.jpg/500px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2_DJI_0057.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1874" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Derzhprom" title="Derzhprom">Derzhprom</a></figcaption></figure> The city is famous for its churches as well as <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">constructivist</a> architecture: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Assumption Cathedral, Kharkiv">Dormition Cathedral</a>, built in 17th century in Baroque style and rebuilt in 18th and 19th centuries</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokrovskyi_Monastery,_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokrovskyi Monastery, Kharkiv">Pokrovskyi Monastery</a>, built in 18th century in Baroque style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Annunciation Cathedral, Kharkiv">Annunciation Cathedral</a>, built in 1887–1901 in Neo-Byzantine style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Ukrainian_Drama_Theatre" title="Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre">Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre</a>, built in 1841</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv_Puppet_Theatre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kharkiv Puppet Theatre (page does not exist)">Kharkiv Puppet Theatre</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Volga-Kama_Commercial_Bank" title="Volga-Kama Commercial Bank">Volga-Kama Commercial Bank</a>, built in 1907 in <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_State_Academy_of_Design_and_Arts" title="Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts">Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts</a>, built in 1912 in <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Choral_Synagogue" title="Kharkiv Choral Synagogue">Choral Synagogue</a>, built in 1909–1913</li> <li>Central Market Hall, built 1912–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derzhprom" title="Derzhprom">Derzhprom</a> building, built in 1925–1928 in <a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">constructivist</a> style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Square,_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom Square, Kharkiv">Freedom Square</a></li> <li>Railway Pochtamt (post office), built 1927–29 in <a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">constructivist</a> style</li> <li>Palace of Culture of Railway Workers, built 1928–31 in <a href="/wiki/Constructivist_architecture" title="Constructivist architecture">constructivist</a> style</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_railway_station" title="Kharkiv railway station">Kharkiv railway station</a>, rebuilt in socialist-realist style in 1952</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_State_Academic_Opera_and_Ballet_Theatre_named_after_Mykola_Lysenko" title="Kharkiv State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre named after Mykola Lysenko">Kharkiv Opera</a>, built in 1970–1990 in <a href="/wiki/Brutalist_architecture" title="Brutalist architecture">brutalist</a> style</li></ul> Other attractions include: <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a> Monument, Mirror Stream, Historical Museum, T. Shevchenko Gardens, Zoo, Children's narrow-gauge railroad, World War I Tank Mk V, Memorial Complex, and many more. After the <a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Russian annexation of Crimea">2014 Russian annexation of Crimea</a> the monument to <a href="/wiki/Petro_Konashevych-Sahaidachny" title="Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny">Petro Konashevych-Sahaidachny</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> was removed and handed over to Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 124.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 122.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Uspensky_Cathedral03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dormition Cathedral"><img alt="Dormition Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Uspensky_Cathedral03.jpg/250px-Uspensky_Cathedral03.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Uspensky_Cathedral03.jpg/330px-Uspensky_Cathedral03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Uspensky_Cathedral03.jpg/500px-Uspensky_Cathedral03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3406" data-file-height="3337" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dormition_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Dormition Cathedral, Kharkiv">Dormition Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Intercession_Cathedral,_Kharkiv_2010_-_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pokrovskyi Monastery"><img alt="Pokrovskyi Monastery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Intercession_Cathedral%2C_Kharkiv_2010_-_03.jpg/120px-Intercession_Cathedral%2C_Kharkiv_2010_-_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Intercession_Cathedral%2C_Kharkiv_2010_-_03.jpg/250px-Intercession_Cathedral%2C_Kharkiv_2010_-_03.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pokrovskyi_Monastery,_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Pokrovskyi Monastery, Kharkiv">Pokrovskyi Monastery</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 120.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 118.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Kharkiv_-_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Annunciation Cathedral"><img alt="Annunciation Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Kharkiv_-_2017.jpg/178px-Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Kharkiv_-_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Kharkiv_-_2017.jpg/267px-Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Kharkiv_-_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Kharkiv_-_2017.jpg/356px-Annunciation_Cathedral_in_Kharkiv_-_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2968" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Cathedral,_Kharkiv" title="Annunciation Cathedral, Kharkiv">Annunciation Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Shevchenko_Drama_Theatre_in_Kharkiv_2020_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre"><img alt="Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Shevchenko_Drama_Theatre_in_Kharkiv_2020_-_01.jpg/270px-Shevchenko_Drama_Theatre_in_Kharkiv_2020_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Shevchenko_Drama_Theatre_in_Kharkiv_2020_-_01.jpg/405px-Shevchenko_Drama_Theatre_in_Kharkiv_2020_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Shevchenko_Drama_Theatre_in_Kharkiv_2020_-_01.jpg/540px-Shevchenko_Drama_Theatre_in_Kharkiv_2020_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4656" data-file-height="3104" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Ukrainian_Drama_Theatre" title="Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre">Kharkiv Ukrainian Drama Theatre</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Constitution_Square_24.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kharkiv Puppet Theatre (former Volga-Kama Bank)"><img alt="Kharkiv Puppet Theatre (former Volga-Kama Bank)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Constitution_Square_24.jpg/330px-Constitution_Square_24.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Constitution_Square_24.jpg/500px-Constitution_Square_24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Constitution_Square_24.jpg/960px-Constitution_Square_24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4413" data-file-height="2942" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kharkiv Puppet Theatre (former Volga-Kama Bank)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%94_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_1913%D1%80.,_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0,_8,_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts"><img alt="Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%94_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_1913%D1%80.%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_8%2C_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG/250px-%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%94_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_1913%D1%80.%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_8%2C_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%94_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_1913%D1%80.%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_8%2C_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG/500px-%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%94_%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5_1913%D1%80.%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB._%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%2C_8%2C_%D0%BC.%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_State_Academy_of_Design_and_Arts" title="Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts">Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharkiv_Central_Market_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kharkiv Central Market Hall"><img alt="Kharkiv Central Market Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kharkiv_Central_Market_%2801%29.jpg/270px-Kharkiv_Central_Market_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kharkiv_Central_Market_%2801%29.jpg/405px-Kharkiv_Central_Market_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kharkiv_Central_Market_%2801%29.jpg/540px-Kharkiv_Central_Market_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kharkiv Central Market Hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 174px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kharkov_Synagogue2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kharkiv Choral Synagogue"><img alt="Kharkiv Choral Synagogue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kharkov_Synagogue2.JPG/258px-Kharkov_Synagogue2.JPG" decoding="async" width="172" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kharkov_Synagogue2.JPG/387px-Kharkov_Synagogue2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Kharkov_Synagogue2.JPG/516px-Kharkov_Synagogue2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2546" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Choral_Synagogue" title="Kharkiv Choral Synagogue">Kharkiv Choral Synagogue</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B0._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Railway Pochtamt (post office)"><img alt="Railway Pochtamt (post office)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B0._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/240px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B0._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B0._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/360px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B0._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B0._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/480px-%D0%97%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%82%D0%B0._%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Railway Pochtamt (post office)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1i%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0,_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0,_83,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Palace of Culture of Railway Workers"><img alt="Palace of Culture of Railway Workers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1i%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_83%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG/240px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1i%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_83%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1i%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_83%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG/360px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1i%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_83%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1i%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_83%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG/480px-%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1i%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C_%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB.%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_83%2C_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palace of Culture of Railway Workers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:CentralRailwayStKharkov2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Kharkiv railway station"><img alt="Kharkiv railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/CentralRailwayStKharkov2.JPG/240px-CentralRailwayStKharkov2.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/CentralRailwayStKharkov2.JPG/360px-CentralRailwayStKharkov2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/CentralRailwayStKharkov2.JPG/480px-CentralRailwayStKharkov2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_railway_station" title="Kharkiv railway station">Kharkiv railway station</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Parks">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altana_-_Kharkiv_Gorky_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Altana_-_Kharkiv_Gorky_Park.jpg/220px-Altana_-_Kharkiv_Gorky_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Altana_-_Kharkiv_Gorky_Park.jpg/330px-Altana_-_Kharkiv_Gorky_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Altana_-_Kharkiv_Gorky_Park.jpg/440px-Altana_-_Kharkiv_Gorky_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4455" data-file-height="2309" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_(Kharkiv)" title="Central Park (Kharkiv)">Central Park</a> is one of the main family attractions in Kharkiv.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shevchenko_Garden,_Kharkiv_2020_-07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Shevchenko_Garden%2C_Kharkiv_2020_-07.jpg/250px-Shevchenko_Garden%2C_Kharkiv_2020_-07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Shevchenko_Garden%2C_Kharkiv_2020_-07.jpg/330px-Shevchenko_Garden%2C_Kharkiv_2020_-07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Shevchenko_Garden%2C_Kharkiv_2020_-07.jpg/500px-Shevchenko_Garden%2C_Kharkiv_2020_-07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Fountains in <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a>'s garden</figcaption></figure> Kharkiv contains numerous parks and gardens such as the Central Park, Shevchenko park, Hydro park, Strelka park, Sarzhyn Yar and Feldman ecopark. The Central Park is a common place for recreation activities among visitors and local people.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Shevchenko park is situated in close proximity to the V.N. Karazin National University. It is also a common place for recreation activities among the students, professors, locals and foreigners. The Ecopark is situated at circle highway around Kharkiv. It attracts kids, parents, students, professors, locals and foreigners to undertake recreation activities. Sarzhyn Yar is a natural ravine three minutes walk from "Botanichniy Sad" station. It is an old girder that now – is a modern park zone more than 12 km in length. There is also a mineral water source with cupel and a sporting court.<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_2">Language</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> The majority spoken language in Kharkiv is Russian. Even after Ukraine gained its independence, Russian was still used predominantly by ethnic Russians and Ukrainians alike, although after the onset of the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, many of the city's residents attempted to transition to Ukrainian.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> There are a large number of broadcast and internet TV channels, AM/FM/PM/internet radio-stations, and paper/internet newspapers in Kharkiv. Some are listed below. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Newspapers">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Slobidskyi Krai</li> <li>Vremya</li> <li>Vecherniy Kharkov</li> <li>Segodnya</li> <li>Vesti</li> <li>Kharkovskie Izvestiya</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magazines">Magazines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Magazines">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Guberniya <a href="#cite_note-guberniya-218">[216]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TV_stations">TV stations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: TV stations">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>"7 kanal" channel</li> <li>"А/ТВК" channel</li> <li>"Simon" channel</li> <li>"ATN Kharkiv" channel</li> <li>"UA: Kharkiv" channel</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_stations">Radio stations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Radio stations">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Promin</li> <li>Ukrainske Radio</li> <li>Radio Kharkiv</li> <li>Kharkiv Oblastne Radio</li> <li>Russkoe Radio Ukraina</li> <li>Shanson</li> <li>Retro FM</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Online_news_in_English">Online news in English</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Online news in English">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The Kharkiv Times</li> <li>Kharkiv Observer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ezh3_modernized_train_at_Palats_Sport_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ezh3_modernized_train_at_Palats_Sport_station.jpg/200px-Ezh3_modernized_train_at_Palats_Sport_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ezh3_modernized_train_at_Palats_Sport_station.jpg/300px-Ezh3_modernized_train_at_Palats_Sport_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Ezh3_modernized_train_at_Palats_Sport_station.jpg/400px-Ezh3_modernized_train_at_Palats_Sport_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1561" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/200px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/300px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/400px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1181" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Metro" title="Kharkiv Metro">Kharkiv Metro</a></div></div></div></div></div> The city of Kharkiv has been one of the largest transportation centres in Ukraine, connected to numerous other cities of the world by air, rail and road traffic. Kharkiv is one out of four Ukrainian cities with a subway system.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Metro" title="Kharkiv Metro">Kharkiv's Metro</a> is the city's rapid transit system operating since 1975. It includes three different lines with 30 stations in total.<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-PPoPmK-221">[219]</a> Trolleybuses, <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kharkiv" title="Trams in Kharkiv">trams</a> (which celebrated its 100-year anniversary of service in 2006), and <a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">marshrutkas</a> (private minibuses) are also important means of transportation in the city. The first railway connection of Kharkiv was opened in 1869. The first train to arrive in Kharkiv came from the north on 22 May 1869, and on 6 June 1869, traffic was opened on the Kursk–Kharkiv–Azov line. Kharkiv's passenger railway station was reconstructed and expanded in 1901, to be later destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. A new <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_railway_station" title="Kharkiv railway station">Kharkiv railway station</a> was built in 1952.<a href="#cite_note-uz-222">[220]</a> Kharkiv is connected with all main cities in Ukraine and abroad by regular railway services. Regional trains known as <a href="/wiki/Elektrichka" title="Elektrichka">elektrychkas</a> connect Kharkiv with nearby towns and villages. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%C2%BB_DSC4362_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%C2%BB_DSC4362_07.jpg/200px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%C2%BB_DSC4362_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%C2%BB_DSC4362_07.jpg/300px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%C2%BB_DSC4362_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%C2%BB_DSC4362_07.jpg/400px-%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA_%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%C2%BB_DSC4362_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Historical building of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_International_Airport" title="Kharkiv International Airport">Kharkiv Airport</a></figcaption></figure>Until the closure of Ukrainian airspace to civilian flights due to the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>,<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> Kharkiv was served by <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_International_Airport" title="Kharkiv International Airport">Kharkiv International Airport</a>. Charter flights are also available. The <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_North_Airport" title="Kharkiv North Airport">Kharkiv North Airport</a> was an industrial airfield serving the <a href="/wiki/Antonov" title="Antonov">Antonov aircraft company</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kharkiv_International_Marathon">Kharkiv International Marathon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Kharkiv International Marathon">edit</a>]</div> Prior to the Russian invasion, Kharkiv International Marathon was considered as a prime international sportive event, attracting many thousands of professional sportsmen, young people, students, professors, locals and tourists to travel to Kharkiv and to participate in the international event.<a href="#cite_note-kharkivmarathon-224">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-marathonrunnersdiary-225">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-sportevent-226">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-kharkiv21-227">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Football_(soccer)">Football (soccer)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Football (soccer)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KharkovEuro2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/KharkovEuro2012.jpg/150px-KharkovEuro2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/KharkovEuro2012.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Kharkiv EURO 2012 host city emblem</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Metalist_Stadium_Kharkiv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Metalist_Stadium_Kharkiv.jpg/220px-Metalist_Stadium_Kharkiv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Metalist_Stadium_Kharkiv.jpg/330px-Metalist_Stadium_Kharkiv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Metalist_Stadium_Kharkiv.jpg/440px-Metalist_Stadium_Kharkiv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Metalist_Oblast_Sports_Complex" title="Metalist Oblast Sports Complex">Metalist Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> The most popular sport was <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>. The city had several football clubs playing in the Ukrainian national competitions. The most successful is <a href="/wiki/FC_Dynamo_Kharkiv" title="FC Dynamo Kharkiv">FC Dynamo Kharkiv</a> that won eight national titles back in the 1920s–1930s. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FC_Metalist_Kharkiv" title="FC Metalist Kharkiv">FC Metalist Kharkiv</a>, which plays at the <a href="/wiki/Metalist_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalist Stadium">Metalist Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Metalist_1925_Kharkiv" title="FC Metalist 1925 Kharkiv">FC Metalist 1925 Kharkiv</a>, which plays at the <a href="/wiki/Metalist_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalist Stadium">Metalist Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Helios_Kharkiv" title="FC Helios Kharkiv">FC Helios Kharkiv</a>, a defunct club, which played at the <a href="/wiki/Helios_Arena_(Kharkiv)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helios Arena (Kharkiv)">Helios Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Kharkiv" title="FC Kharkiv">FC Kharkiv</a>, a defunct club, which played at the <a href="/wiki/Dynamo_Stadium_(Kharkiv)" title="Dynamo Stadium (Kharkiv)">Dynamo Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Arsenal_Kharkiv" title="FC Arsenal Kharkiv">FC Arsenal Kharkiv</a>, which played at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arsenal-Spartak_Stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arsenal-Spartak Stadium (page does not exist)">Arsenal-Spartak Stadium</a> (participates in regional competitions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Shakhtar_Donetsk" title="FC Shakhtar Donetsk">FC Shakhtar Donetsk</a> also play at the <a href="/wiki/Metalist_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalist Stadium">Metalist Stadium</a> since 2017, due to the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">war in Donbas</a></li></ul> There is also a female football club <a href="/wiki/WFC_Zhytlobud-1_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="WFC Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv">WFC Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv</a>, which represented Ukraine in the European competitions, and like other clubs briefly suspended activity in the wake of the Russian invasion. <a href="/wiki/Metalist_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalist Stadium">Metalist Stadium</a> hosted three group matches at <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2012" title="UEFA Euro 2012">UEFA Euro 2012</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sports">Other sports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Other sports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(79)_BYCICLE_COMPETITION_AT_BYCICLE_DAY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160709.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%2879%29_BYCICLE_COMPETITION_AT_BYCICLE_DAY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160709.jpg/250px-%2879%29_BYCICLE_COMPETITION_AT_BYCICLE_DAY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160709.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%2879%29_BYCICLE_COMPETITION_AT_BYCICLE_DAY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160709.jpg/330px-%2879%29_BYCICLE_COMPETITION_AT_BYCICLE_DAY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160709.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%2879%29_BYCICLE_COMPETITION_AT_BYCICLE_DAY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160709.jpg/500px-%2879%29_BYCICLE_COMPETITION_AT_BYCICLE_DAY_IN_CITY_OF_KHARKIV_STATE_OF_UKRAINE_PHOTOGRAPH_BY_VIKTOR_O_LEDENYOV_20160709.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption>Bicycles racing competition in Kharkiv at Bicycle Day on 9 July 2016.</figcaption></figure> Kharkiv also had some <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> clubs, <a href="/wiki/MHC_Dynamo_Kharkiv" title="MHC Dynamo Kharkiv">MHC Dynamo Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/HK_Vityaz_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="HK Vityaz Kharkiv">Vityaz Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunost_Kharkiv" title="Yunost Kharkiv">Yunost Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/HC_Kharkiv" title="HC Kharkiv">HC Kharkiv</a>, who competed in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Hockey_Championship" title="Ukrainian Hockey Championship">Ukrainian Hockey Championship</a>. <a href="/wiki/Avangard_Budy" title="Avangard Budy">Avangard Budy</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">bandy</a> club from Kharkiv, which won the Ukrainian championship in 2013. There are a men's volleyball teams, <a href="/wiki/VC_Lokomotyv_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="VC Lokomotyv Kharkiv">Lokomotyv Kharkiv</a> and <a href="/wiki/VC_Yurydychna_Akademiya_Kharkiv" title="VC Yurydychna Akademiya Kharkiv">Yurydychna Akademiya Kharkiv</a>, which performed in Ukraine and in European competitions. <a href="/wiki/RC_Olymp" title="RC Olymp">RC Olymp</a> is the city's <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> club. They provide many players for the <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_national_rugby_union_team" title="Ukraine national rugby union team">national team</a>. Tennis has also been a popular sport in Kharkiv. There are many professional tennis courts in the city. <a href="/wiki/Elina_Svitolina" title="Elina Svitolina">Elina Svitolina</a> is a tennis player from Kharkiv. There is a golf club in Kharkiv.<a href="#cite_note-superiorresort-228">[226]</a> Horseriding as a sport was also popular among locals.<a href="#cite_note-zabytki-229">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-ippodrom-230">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-ippodrom2-231">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-konezavod-232">[230]</a> There were large stables and horse riding facilities at <a href="/wiki/Feldman_Ecopark" title="Feldman Ecopark">Feldman Ecopark</a> in Kharkiv,<a href="#cite_note-feldman-ecopark-233">[231]</a> which in 2022 were largely destroyed by Russian shelling.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> There was growing interest in cycling among locals.<a href="#cite_note-vesti-ukr-235">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-nezabarom-236">[234]</a> Within the city, there was a large century-old bicycle manufacturer, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv_Bicycle_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kharkiv Bicycle Plant (page does not exist)">Kharkiv Bicycle Plant</a>,<a href="#cite_note-usi-237">[235]</a> which has since converted to military production.<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg/250px-Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg/330px-Simon_Kuznets_1971b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Landau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Landau.jpg/140px-Landau.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Landau.jpg/210px-Landau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Landau.jpg/280px-Landau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1527" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Lev Landau</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elie_Metchnikoff_-_Between_ca._1910_and_ca._1915_-_LOC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Elie_Metchnikoff_-_Between_ca._1910_and_ca._1915_-_LOC.jpg/250px-Elie_Metchnikoff_-_Between_ca._1910_and_ca._1915_-_LOC.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Elie_Metchnikoff_-_Between_ca._1910_and_ca._1915_-_LOC.jpg/330px-Elie_Metchnikoff_-_Between_ca._1910_and_ca._1915_-_LOC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2662" data-file-height="3366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Metchnikoff" title="Élie Metchnikoff">Élie Metchnikoff</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.JPG/140px-%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.JPG/210px-%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.JPG/280px-%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="2024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Siemiradzki" title="Henryk Siemiradzki">Henryk Siemiradzki</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Otto_Struve_US_post_1949crop.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Otto_Struve_US_post_1949crop.JPG/140px-Otto_Struve_US_post_1949crop.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Otto_Struve_US_post_1949crop.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="168" data-file-height="209" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Otto_Struve" title="Otto Struve">Otto Struve</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2022.08.17._Serhiy_Zhadan_Photo_Mariusz_Kubik_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2022.08.17._Serhiy_Zhadan_Photo_Mariusz_Kubik_07.JPG/140px-2022.08.17._Serhiy_Zhadan_Photo_Mariusz_Kubik_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2022.08.17._Serhiy_Zhadan_Photo_Mariusz_Kubik_07.JPG/210px-2022.08.17._Serhiy_Zhadan_Photo_Mariusz_Kubik_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/2022.08.17._Serhiy_Zhadan_Photo_Mariusz_Kubik_07.JPG/280px-2022.08.17._Serhiy_Zhadan_Photo_Mariusz_Kubik_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Zhadan" title="Serhiy Zhadan">Serhiy Zhadan</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anastasia_Afanasieva" title="Anastasia Afanasieva">Anastasia Afanasieva</a> (born 1982) – psychiatrist, poet, writer, translator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhii_Babkin" title="Serhii Babkin">Serhii Babkin</a> (born 1978) – singer and actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snizhana_Babkina" title="Snizhana Babkina">Snizhana Babkina</a> (born 1985) – actress and music manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_P._Barabashov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai P. Barabashov">Nikolai P. Barabashov</a> (1894–1971) – astronomer, co-author of the first pictures of the far side of the Moon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Batitsky" title="Pavel Batitsky">Pavel Batitsky</a> (1910–1984) – Soviet military leader</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bobri" title="Vladimir Bobri">Vladimir Bobri</a> (1898–1986) – illustrator, author, composer, educator and guitar historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inna_Bohoslovska" title="Inna Bohoslovska">Inna Bohoslovska</a> (born 1960) – lawyer, politician and leader of the Ukrainian public organization <a href="/wiki/Aktsent" title="Aktsent">Viche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bortkiewicz" title="Sergei Bortkiewicz">Sergei Bortkiewicz</a> (1877–1952) – Russian <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic</a> composer and pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Burmaka" title="Maria Burmaka">Maria Burmaka</a> (born 1970) – Ukrainian singer, musician and songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Bykov" title="Leonid Bykov">Leonid Bykov</a> (1928–1979) – Soviet actor, film director, and script writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandre" title="Cassandre">Cassandre</a> (1901–1968) – Ukrainian-French painter, commercial poster artist, and typeface designer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliya_Chernetsky" title="Juliya Chernetsky">Juliya Chernetsky</a> (born 1982) – TV host, actress, model, and music promoter in the US. (Mistress Juliya)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denys_Chernyshov" title="Denys Chernyshov">Denys Chernyshov</a> (born 1974) – Ukrainian politician and economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Denisov" title="Andrey Denisov">Andrey Denisov</a> (born 1952) – Russian diplomat in China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Drinfeld" title="Vladimir Drinfeld">Vladimir Drinfeld</a> (born 1954) – mathematician, awarded <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> in 1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaak_Dunayevsky" title="Isaak Dunayevsky">Isaak Dunayevsky</a> (1900–1955) – Soviet composer and conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstanty_Gorski" title="Konstanty Gorski">Konstanty Gorski</a> (1859–1924) – Polish composer, violist, organist and music teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentina_Grizodubova" title="Valentina Grizodubova">Valentina Grizodubova</a> (1909–1993) – one of the first female pilots in the Soviet Union</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyudmila_Gurchenko" title="Lyudmila Gurchenko">Lyudmila Gurchenko</a> (1935–2011) – Soviet and Russian actress, singer and entertainer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gurevich_(aircraft_designer)" title="Mikhail Gurevich (aircraft designer)">Mikhail Gurevich</a> (1892–1976) – Soviet aircraft designer, a partner (with <a href="/wiki/Artem_Mikoyan" title="Artem Mikoyan">Artem Mikoyan</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/MiG" class="mw-redirect" title="MiG">MiG</a> military aviation bureau</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Harkusha" title="Diana Harkusha">Diana Harkusha</a> (born 1994) – Miss Ukraine Universe 2014 and <a href="/wiki/Miss_Universe_2014" title="Miss Universe 2014">Miss Universe 2014</a>'s 2nd Runner-up</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Haydamaka" title="Leonid Haydamaka">Leonid Haydamaka</a> (1898–1991) – <a href="/wiki/Bandurist" title="Bandurist">bandurist</a> and conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Karazin" title="Vasily Karazin">Vasily Karazin</a> (1773–1842) – founder of <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kharkiv" title="National University of Kharkiv">National University of Kharkiv</a>, which bears his name</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hnat_Khotkevych" title="Hnat Khotkevych">Hnat Khotkevych</a> (1877–1938) – writer, ethnographer, composer, <a href="/wiki/Bandurist" title="Bandurist">bandurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Koshkin" title="Mikhail Koshkin">Mikhail Koshkin</a> (1898–1940)– chief designer of the <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a> Soviet tank</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Krasko" title="Olga Krasko">Olga Krasko</a> (born 1981) – Russian actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Kulish" title="Mykola Kulish">Mykola Kulish</a> (1892–1937) – Ukrainian prose writer, playwright and pedagogue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Kurbas" title="Les Kurbas">Les Kurbas</a> (1887–1937) – movie and theatre director and dramatist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a> (1901–1985) – Russian-American economist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Lifshitz" title="Evgeny Lifshitz">Evgeny Lifshitz</a> (1915–1985) – Soviet physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Limonov" title="Eduard Limonov">Eduard Limonov</a> (1943–2020) – writer, poet and controversial politician; grew up in Kharkiv and studied at its <a href="/wiki/H.S._Skovoroda_Kharkiv_National_Pedagogical_University" title="H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University">H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleb_Lozino-Lozinskiy" title="Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy">Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy</a> (1909–2001) – lead developer of Soviet Shuttle <a href="/wiki/Buran_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Buran program">Buran program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Lyapunov" title="Aleksandr Lyapunov">Aleksandr Lyapunov</a> (1857–1918) – Russian mathematician and physicist, invented motion <a href="/wiki/Stability_theory" title="Stability theory">stability theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Mikhailov_(photographer)" title="Boris Mikhailov (photographer)">Boris Mikhailov</a> (born 1938) – photographer and artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykola_Mikhnovsky" title="Mykola Mikhnovsky">Mykola Mikhnovsky</a> (1873–1924) – Ukrainian political leader and activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-DJ_Milana" title="T-DJ Milana">T-DJ Milana</a> (born 1989) – DJ, composer, dancer and model, lives in Kharkiv</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Nikitin_(author)" title="Yuri Nikitin (author)">Yuri Nikitin</a> (born 1939) – Russian science fiction and fantasy writer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A1m_Nh%E1%BA%ADt_V%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" title="Phạm Nhật Vượng">Phạm Nhật Vượng</a> – Vietnamese entrepreneur and its first billionaire, started his business career in Kharkiv in the 1990s<a href="#cite_note-Barabashovo2024jun18-150">[148]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Oldie" title="H. L. Oldie">H. L. Oldie</a> (Dmitry Gromov and Oleg Ladyzhensky) (both born 1963) – writers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justine_Pasek" title="Justine Pasek">Justine Pasek</a> (born 1979) – <a href="/wiki/Miss_Universe_2002" title="Miss Universe 2002">Miss Universe 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_Pidmohylny" title="Valerian Pidmohylny">Valerian Pidmohylny</a> (1901–1937) – poet, novelist and literary critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Rapay-Markish" title="Olga Rapay-Markish">Olga Rapay-Markish</a> (1929–2012) – <a href="/wiki/Ceramics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceramics">ceramicist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabetta_di_Sasso_Ruffo" title="Elisabetta di Sasso Ruffo">Elisabetta di Sasso Ruffo</a> (1886–1940) – Russian princess</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serafina_Schachova" title="Serafina Schachova">Serafina Schachova</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">nephrologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Schauman" title="Eugen Schauman">Eugen Schauman</a> (1875–1904) – Finnish nationalist, killed Russian general <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Ivanovich_Bobrikov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolay Ivanovich Bobrikov">NA Bobrikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Shchetynsky" title="Alexander Shchetynsky">Alexander Shchetynsky</a> (born 1960) – composer of solo, orchestral and choral pieces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shevelov" title="George Shevelov">George Shevelov</a> (1908–2002) – linguist, essayist, literary historian and literary critic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Sheynina" title="Elena Sheynina">Elena Sheynina</a> (born 1965) – children's author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Shubnikov" title="Lev Shubnikov">Lev Shubnikov</a> (1901–1937) – Soviet experimental physicist, worked in the Netherlands and USSR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klavdiya_Shulzhenko" title="Klavdiya Shulzhenko">Klavdiya Shulzhenko</a> (1906–1984) – Soviet and Russian popular female singer and actress.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Siemiradzki" title="Henryk Siemiradzki">Henryk Siemiradzki</a> (1843–1902) – studied at the <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv University">Kharkiv University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Siloti" title="Alexander Siloti">Alexander Siloti</a> (1863–1945) – Russian pianist, conductor and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hryhorii_Skovoroda" title="Hryhorii Skovoroda">Hryhorii Skovoroda</a> (1722–1794) – poet, philosopher and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karina_Smirnoff" title="Karina Smirnoff">Karina Smirnoff</a> (born 1978) – world champion dancer, starring on <a href="/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars" title="Dancing with the Stars">Dancing with the Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katya_Soldak" title="Katya Soldak">Katya Soldak</a> (Ukrainian: Катя Солдак; born 1977 in Kharkiv) journalist, filmmaker, and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jura_Soyfer" title="Jura Soyfer">Jura Soyfer</a> (1912–1939) – Austrian political journalist and <a href="/wiki/Cabaret" title="Cabaret">cabaret</a> writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Struve" title="Otto Struve">Otto Struve</a> (1897–1963) – Russian-American astronomer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Sviatchenko" title="Sergei Sviatchenko">Sergei Sviatchenko</a> (born 1952) – Danish-Ukrainian artist, photographer and architect.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Svit" title="Ivan Svit">Ivan Svit</a> (1897–1989) – historian, journalist and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Taimanov" title="Mark Taimanov">Mark Taimanov</a> (1926–2016) – concert pianist and chess player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Tikhonov" title="Nikolai Tikhonov">Nikolai Tikhonov</a> (1905–1997) – a Soviet Russian-Ukrainian statesman during the Cold War.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeniy_Timoshenko" title="Yevgeniy Timoshenko">Yevgeniy Timoshenko</a> (born 1988) – poker player in the US</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Tsaplienko" title="Andriy Tsaplienko">Andriy Tsaplienko</a> (born 1968) – journalist, presenter, filmmaker and writer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Tsybuleva" title="Anna Tsybuleva">Anna Tsybuleva</a> (born 1990) – classical pianist, winner of the <a href="/wiki/Leeds_International_Piano_Competition" title="Leeds International Piano Competition">Leeds International Piano Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Ushenina" title="Anna Ushenina">Anna Ushenina</a> (born 1985) – women's world chess champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Vasyutin" title="Vladimir Vasyutin">Vladimir Vasyutin</a> (1952–2002) – Soviet <a href="/wiki/Cosmonaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmonaut">cosmonaut</a> of Ukrainian descent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Vitaliev" title="Vitali Vitaliev">Vitali Vitaliev</a> (born 1954) – journalist and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Voevodin" title="Alexander Voevodin">Alexander Voevodin</a> (born 1949) – biomedical scientist and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgania_Yosifovna_Yakhina" title="Yevgania Yosifovna Yakhina">Yevgania Yosifovna Yakhina</a> (1918–1983) – composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasyl_Yermylov" title="Vasyl Yermylov">Vasyl Yermylov</a> (1894–1968) – Ukrainian and Soviet painter, avant-garde artist and designer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Zhadan" title="Serhiy Zhadan">Serhiy Zhadan</a> (born 1974) – Ukrainian poet, novelist, essayist and translator.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine_Yanovna_Zhubinskaya" title="Valentine Yanovna Zhubinskaya">Valentine Yanovna Zhubinskaya</a> (1926–2013) Ukrainian composer, concertmistress and pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irina_Zhurina" title="Irina Zhurina">Irina Zhurina</a> (born 1946) Russian operatic <a href="/wiki/Coloratura_soprano" title="Coloratura soprano">coloratura soprano</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zorich" title="Alexander Zorich">Alexander Zorich</a> (Dmitry Gordevsky and Yana Botsman) (both born 1973) – writers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksana_Cherkashyna" title="Oksana Cherkashyna">Oksana Cherkashyna</a> (born 1988) – actress</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_2">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Buryak" title="Leonid Buryak">Leonid Buryak</a> (born 1953) – football coach and former footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentina_Chepiga" title="Valentina Chepiga">Valentina Chepiga</a> (born 1962) – <a href="/wiki/Female_bodybuilding" title="Female bodybuilding">female bodybuilder</a> and 2000 <a href="/wiki/Ms._Olympia" title="Ms. Olympia">Ms. Olympia</a> champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Danilov" title="Olga Danilov">Olga Danilov</a> (born 1973) – Israeli Olympic speed skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Davidovich_(wrestler)" title="Alexander Davidovich (wrestler)">Alexander Davidovich</a> (born 1967) – Israeli Olympic wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gurevich_(chess_player)" title="Mikhail Gurevich (chess player)">Mikhail Gurevich</a> – (born 1959) a Belgian chess player.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Gvozdyk" title="Oleksandr Gvozdyk">Oleksandr Gvozdyk</a> (born 1987) – boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Ishchenko" title="Pavlo Ishchenko">Pavlo Ishchenko</a> (born 1992) – Olympic Ukrainian-Israeli boxer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Kachorenko" title="Oleksandr Kachorenko">Oleksandr Kachorenko</a> (born 1980) – professional footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maksym_Kalynychenko" title="Maksym Kalynychenko">Maksym Kalynychenko</a> (born 1979) – footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Olshanetskyi" title="Igor Olshanetskyi">Igor Olshanetskyi</a> (born 1986) – Israeli Olympic weightlifter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Orlov" title="Gennady Orlov">Gennady Orlov</a> (born 1945) – Russian sports journalist and former footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pravilov" title="Ivan Pravilov">Ivan Pravilov</a> (1963–2012) – ice hockey coach, sexually abused a teenage student, committed <a href="/wiki/Suicide_by_hanging" title="Suicide by hanging">suicide by hanging</a> in prison</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irina_Press" title="Irina Press">Irina Press</a> (1939–2004) – athlete who won two Olympic <a href="/wiki/Gold_medal" title="Gold medal">gold medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Press" title="Tamara Press">Tamara Press</a> (1937–2021) – Soviet <a href="/wiki/Shot_put" title="Shot put">shot putter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Discus_throw" title="Discus throw">discus thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Ptachyk" title="Oleh Ptachyk">Oleh Ptachyk</a> (born 1981) – retired footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Richter" title="Sergey Richter">Sergey Richter</a> (born 1989) – Israeli Olympic sport shooter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Rybak" class="mw-redirect" title="Igor Rybak">Igor Rybak</a> (1934–2005) – Olympic champion lightweight weightlifter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elina_Svitolina" title="Elina Svitolina">Elina Svitolina</a> (born 1994) – tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateryna_Tabashnyk" title="Kateryna Tabashnyk">Kateryna Tabashnyk</a> (born 1994) – high jumper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ievgeniia_Tetelbaum" title="Ievgeniia Tetelbaum">Ievgeniia Tetelbaum</a> (born 1991) – Israeli Olympic synchronized swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artem_Tsoglin" title="Artem Tsoglin">Artem Tsoglin</a> (born 1997) – Israeli pair skater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yury_Vengerovsky" title="Yury Vengerovsky">Yury Vengerovsky</a> (1938–1998) – Olympic gold medal-winning volleyball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Vovchanchyn" title="Igor Vovchanchyn">Igor Vovchanchyn</a> (born 1973) – mixed martial artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Zhdanov" title="Oleksandr Zhdanov">Oleksandr Zhdanov</a> (born 1984) – Ukrainian-Israeli footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Zakolodny" title="Oleksandr Zakolodny">Oleksandr Zakolodny</a> (1987–2023) – mountaineer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nobel_and_Fields_prize_winners">Nobel and Fields prize winners</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Nobel and Fields prize winners">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Metchnikoff" title="Élie Metchnikoff">Élie Metchnikoff</a> (1845–1916) – Russian/French zoologist; researched immunology; jointly awarded the 1908 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Kuznets" title="Simon Kuznets">Simon Kuznets</a> (1901–1985) – American economist and statistician; received the 1971 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lev_Landau" title="Lev Landau">Lev Landau</a> (1908–1968) – Soviet physicist, made fundamental contributions to theoretical physics; <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Nobel Prize in Physics</a> 1962</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Drinfeld" title="Vladimir Drinfeld">Vladimir Drinfeld</a> (born 1954) – mathematician now in the United States; awarded the <a href="/wiki/Fields_Medal" title="Fields Medal">Fields Medal</a> in 1990</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities">Twin towns – sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine">List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine</a></div> Kharkiv is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Albuquerque,_New_Mexico" title="Albuquerque, New Mexico">Albuquerque</a>, USA (2023)<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Italy (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a>, Czech Republic (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cetinje_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetinje Municipality">Cetinje</a>, Montenegro (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, United States (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daejeon" title="Daejeon">Daejeon</a>, South Korea (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia"><img alt="Latvia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Daugavpils" title="Daugavpils">Daugavpils</a>, Latvia (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Debrecen" title="Debrecen">Debrecen</a>, Hungary (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Gaziantep" title="Gaziantep">Gaziantep</a>, Turkey (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Geroskipou" title="Geroskipou">Geroskipou</a>, Cyprus (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, China (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a>, Lithuania (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kutaisi" title="Kutaisi">Kutaisi</a>, Georgia (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, France (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a>, Slovenia (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, Germany (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus"><img alt="Cyprus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/45px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Polis,_Cyprus" title="Polis, Cyprus">Polis</a>, Cyprus (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, Poland (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a>, Israel (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, China (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><img alt="Albania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a>, Albania (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Trnava" title="Trnava">Trnava</a>, Slovakia (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>, Finland (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Varna,_Bulgaria" title="Varna, Bulgaria">Varna, Bulgaria</a> (1995)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grigoriev_Institute_for_Medical_Radiology" title="Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology">Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv_fortress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kharkiv fortress (page does not exist)">Kharkiv fortress</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="uk:Харківська фортеця">uk</a>; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="ru:Харьковская крепость">ru</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_2">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkɑːrkɪv/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KAR-kiv</a>; Ukrainian: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:Харків">Харків</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">[ˈxɑrkiu̯]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/53\/Uk-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.ogg\/Uk-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Uk-\u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/Uk-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.ogg/Uk-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Uk-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.ogg" title="File:Uk-Харків.ogg">ⓘ</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkɑːrkɒv/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KAR-kov</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈkɑːrkɔːf/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">KAR-kawf</a>; Russian: Харькoв, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" />IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈxarʲkəf]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6a\/Ru-Kharkov.ogg\/Ru-Kharkov.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-Kharkov.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/Ru-Kharkov.ogg/Ru-Kharkov.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-Kharkov.ogg" title="File:Ru-Kharkov.ogg">ⓘ</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-KUW231114-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KUW231114_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KUW231114_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KUW231114_1-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukrainianweek.com/History/123906">What Makes Kharkiv Ukrainian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141208235345/http://ukrainianweek.com/History/123906">Archived</a> 8 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ukrainian_Week" title="The Ukrainian Week">The Ukrainian Week</a> (23 November 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-nmcrinK-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nmcrinK_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nmcrinK_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nmcrinK_2-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2016/02/3/7097721/"><bdi lang="uk">У Харкові "декомунізували" ще 48 вулиць і 5 районів</bdi></a> [Another 48 streets and 5 districts "decommunized" in Kharkiv]. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a> (in Ukrainian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701072227/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2016/02/3/7097721/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrainska+Pravda&rft.atitle=%D0%A3+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96+%22%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%22+%D1%89%D0%B5+48+%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C+%D1%96+5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2016%2F02%2F3%2F7097721%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/vlast/03.02.2016/v_harkove_pereimenovali_tri_rajona"><bdi lang="ru">Переименование районов</bdi></a> [Three districts renamed in Kharkiv]. Status Quo (in Russian). 30 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701072229/https://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/vlast/03.02.2016/v_harkove_pereimenovali_tri_rajona">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Status+Quo&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2023-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sq.com.ua%2Frus%2Fnews%2Fvlast%2F03.02.2016%2Fv_harkove_pereimenovali_tri_rajona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ua.korrespondent.net/city/kharkov/3624201-u-kharkovi-vyrishyly-ne-pereimenovuvaty-zhovtnevyi-i-frunzenskyi-raiony">It was decided not to rename the Zhovtnevyi and the Frunzenskyi districts in Kharkiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204022044/http://ua.korrespondent.net/city/kharkov/3624201-u-kharkovi-vyrishyly-ne-pereimenovuvaty-zhovtnevyi-i-frunzenskyi-raiony">Archived</a> 4 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korrespondent.net" title="Korrespondent.net">Korrespondent.net</a> (3 February 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-7313698KharkivSnap-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-7313698KharkivSnap_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-7313698KharkivSnap_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/11/11/7313698/">"Терехов офіційно став мером Харкова"</a> [Terekhov officially became the mayor of Kharkiv]. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a> (in Ukrainian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220125113857/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/11/11/7313698/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrainska+Pravda&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2F7313698%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kharkiv7308397Terekhov-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kharkiv7308397Terekhov_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kharkiv7308397Terekhov_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/09/25/7308397/">"Блок Кернеса висунув Терехова кандидатом у мери"</a> [Kernes' bloc nominated Terekhov as a candidate for mayor]. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a> (in Ukrainian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111205542/https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2021/09/25/7308397/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrainska+Pravda&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2+%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%83+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2021%2F09%2F25%2F7308397%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2022/zb/05/zb_%D0%A1huselnist.pdf">The number of the available population of Ukraine as of January 1, 2022</a> (PDF), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810155123/https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2022/zb/05/zb_%D0%A1huselnist.pdf">archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2022, retrieved 26 March 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+number+of+the+available+population+of+Ukraine+as+of+January+1%2C+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukrstat.gov.ua%2Fdruk%2Fpublicat%2Fkat_u%2F2022%2Fzb%2F05%2Fzb_%25D0%25A1huselnist.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/1998/099820.shtml">Ukraine's second Winter Olympics: one medal, some good performances</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003042643/http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/1998/099820.shtml">Archived</a> 3 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ukrainian_Weekly" title="The Ukrainian Weekly">The Ukrainian Weekly</a> (1 March 1998) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kharkiv:_#2_+_situation_October_2014-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Kharkiv:_#2_+_situation_October_2014_9-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2014/10/23/kharkiv-never-had-eastern-western-conflicts/">Kharkiv "never had eastern-western conflicts"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220320011859/https://www.euronews.com/2014/10/23/kharkiv-never-had-eastern-western-conflicts">Archived</a> 20 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a> (23 October 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-living_kharkiv-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-living_kharkiv_10-12">m</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2012/06/8/88316/"><bdi lang="uk">Живий Харків. Нічна екскурсія містом-господарем</bdi></a> [Living Kharkiv. Nightly excursion through the host-city]. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainska_Pravda" title="Ukrainska Pravda">Ukrainska Pravda</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507102527/https://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2012/06/8/88316/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrainska+Pravda&rft.atitle=%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2.+%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istpravda.com.ua%2Farticles%2F2012%2F06%2F8%2F88316%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBalmforth" class="citation web cs1">Balmforth, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kharkivs-civilians-under-fire-ukraine-faces-catastrophic-air-defence-shortage-2024-04-12/">"Ukraine's air defence shortages leave Kharkiv more exposed to Russian bombs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+air+defence+shortages+leave+Kharkiv+more+exposed+to+Russian+bombs&rft.aulast=Balmforth&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fkharkivs-civilians-under-fire-ukraine-faces-catastrophic-air-defence-shortage-2024-04-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> (12 April 2024) </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSecurityReporter2024" class="citation web cs1">Security, Ellie Cook; Reporter, Defense (11 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/volodymyr-zelensky-kharkiv-warning-russia-ground-operation-offensive-ukraine-1889311">"Zelensky issues dire Kharkiv warning"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. Retrieved 11 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Zelensky+issues+dire+Kharkiv+warning&rft.date=2024-04-11&rft.aulast=Security&rft.aufirst=Ellie+Cook&rft.au=Reporter%2C+Defense&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fvolodymyr-zelensky-kharkiv-warning-russia-ground-operation-offensive-ukraine-1889311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/may/01/ukraine-war-briefing-kharkiv-residents-suffer-as-russia-intensifies-attacks">"Ukraine war briefing: Kharkiv residents suffer as Russia intensifies attacks | Ukraine | The Guardian"</a>. amp.theguardian.com. Retrieved 1 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amp.theguardian.com&rft.atitle=Ukraine+war+briefing%3A+Kharkiv+residents+suffer+as+Russia+intensifies+attacks+%7C+Ukraine+%7C+The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fmay%2F01%2Fukraine-war-briefing-kharkiv-residents-suffer-as-russia-intensifies-attacks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEiddonEdwardsHeather1998" class="citation book cs1">Eiddon, Iorwerth; Edwards, Stephen; Heather, Peter (1998). "Goths & Huns". The Late Empire. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 13. Cambridge University Press. p. 488. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-30200-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-30200-5"><bdi>0-521-30200-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Goths+%26+Huns&rft.btitle=The+Late+Empire&rft.series=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.pages=488&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-30200-5&rft.aulast=Eiddon&rft.aufirst=Iorwerth&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Heather%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Kevin Alan Brook, The Jews of Khazaria (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hEuIveNl9kcC&pg=PA34">p. 34</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405180157/https://books.google.com/books?id=hEuIveNl9kcC&pg=PA34">Archived</a> 5 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Solchanyk2001-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Solchanyk2001_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoman_Solchanyk2001" class="citation book cs1">Roman Solchanyk (January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LNvTSDQXFXgC&pg=PA6">Ukraine and Russia: The Post-Soviet Transition</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1018-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1018-0"><bdi>978-0-7425-1018-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002071000/https://books.google.com/books?id=LNvTSDQXFXgC&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 31 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine+and+Russia%3A+The+Post-Soviet+Transition&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2001-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-1018-0&rft.au=Roman+Solchanyk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLNvTSDQXFXgC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Ivan Katchanovski et al. (eds.), Historical Dictionary of Ukraine (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-h6r57lDC4QC&pg=PA253">p. 253</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405180150/https://books.google.com/books?id=-h6r57lDC4QC&pg=PA253">Archived</a> 5 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikisource-18"><a href="#cite_ref-wikisource_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://uk.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%97%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F._1798.pdf/175">"Сторінка:Котляревський. Енеида на малороссійскій языкъ перелицїованная. 1798.pdf/175 — Вікіджерела"</a>. uk.wikisource.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019082952/https://uk.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9._%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%97%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F._1798.pdf/175">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017. 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(2013), Heywood, Anthony J; Smele, Jonathan D (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203002087-15/jews-revolution-kharkiv-one-ukrainian-city-escaped-pogrom-1905-michael-hamm?context=ubx">"Jews and revolution in Kharkiv: how one Ukrainian city escaped a pogrom in 1905"</a>, The Russian Revolution of 1905, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203002087">10.4324/9780203002087</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780203002087" title="Special:BookSources/9780203002087"><bdi>9780203002087</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814112242/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203002087-15/jews-revolution-kharkiv-one-ukrainian-city-escaped-pogrom-1905-michael-hamm?context=ubx">archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022, retrieved 14 August 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Russian+Revolution+of+1905&rft.atitle=Jews+and+revolution+in+Kharkiv%3A+how+one+Ukrainian+city+escaped+a+pogrom+in+1905&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203002087&rft.isbn=9780203002087&rft.aulast=HAMM&rft.aufirst=MICHAEL+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9780203002087-15%2Fjews-revolution-kharkiv-one-ukrainian-city-escaped-pogrom-1905-michael-hamm%3Fcontext%3Dubx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leksika.com.ua/11580826/ure/ukrayinska_sotsial-demokratichna_robitnicha_partiya">"УКРАЇНСЬКА СОЦІАЛ-ДЕМОКРАТИЧНА РОБІТНИЧА ПАРТІЯ, Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia"</a>. leksika.com.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125001434/https://leksika.com.ua/11580826/ure/ukrayinska_sotsial-demokratichna_robitnicha_partiya">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=leksika.com.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D0%9A%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%87%D0%9D%D0%A1%D0%AC%D0%9A%D0%90+%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%A6%D0%86%D0%90%D0%9B-%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%A7%D0%9D%D0%90+%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%86%D0%A2%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%A7%D0%90+%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%86%D0%AF%2C+Ukrainian+Soviet+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleksika.com.ua%2F11580826%2Fure%2Fukrayinska_sotsial-demokratichna_robitnicha_partiya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSenkusZhukovsky1993" class="citation web cs1">Senkus, Roman; Zhukovsky, Arkadii (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CU%5CK%5CUkrainianSocialDemocraticWorkersparty.htm">"Ukrainian Social Democratic Workers' party"</a>. www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220922030327/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CU%5CK%5CUkrainianSocialDemocraticWorkersparty.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Social+Democratic+Workers%27+party&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Senkus&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft.au=Zhukovsky%2C+Arkadii&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3Flinkpath%3Dpages%255CU%255CK%255CUkrainianSocialDemocraticWorkersparty.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Radkey1989-115-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Radkey1989-115_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOliver_Henry_Radkey1989" class="citation book cs1">Oliver Henry Radkey (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gXINAQAAMAAJ">Russia goes to the polls: the election to the all-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917</a>. Cornell University Press. pp. 115, 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-2360-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-2360-4"><bdi>978-0-8014-2360-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002071000/https://books.google.com/books?id=gXINAQAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 11 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+goes+to+the+polls%3A+the+election+to+the+all-Russian+Constituent+Assembly%2C+1917&rft.pages=115%2C+117&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-2360-4&rft.au=Oliver+Henry+Radkey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgXINAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hdU_Katchanovski-31"><a href="#cite_ref-hdU_Katchanovski_31-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-h6r57lDC4QC&dq=kharkiv+antonov+1917&pg=PA713">Historical Dictionary of Ukraine (Historical Dictionaries of Europe)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405224823/https://books.google.com/books?id=-h6r57lDC4QC&dq=kharkiv+antonov+1917&pg=PA713">Archived</a> 5 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Ivan Katchanovski, Scarecrow Press (Publication date: 11 July 2013), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0810878453" title="Special:BookSources/0810878453">0810878453</a> (page 713) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CuLpivm5lDsC&dq=bolsheviks+moved+to+Kharkiv&pg=PA7">Literary Politics in Soviet Ukraine, 1917–1934</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405180152/https://books.google.com/books?id=CuLpivm5lDsC&dq=bolsheviks+moved+to+Kharkiv&pg=PA7">Archived</a> 5 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Durham and London: Duke University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-1099-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-1099-6">0-8223-1099-6</a> (page 7) </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&dq=bolsheviks+moved+to+Kharkiv+soviet+Ukraine&pg=PA1195">World War I: A Student Encyclopedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411071742/https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&dq=bolsheviks+moved+to+Kharkiv+soviet+Ukraine&pg=PA1195">Archived</a> 11 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 1195. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-879-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-879-8">978-1-85109-879-8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2014/05/22/ukraine-phony-war/">Ukraine: The Phony War?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113023301/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2014/05/22/ukraine-phony-war/">Archived</a> 13 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books" title="The New York Review of Books">The New York Review of Books</a> (27 April 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pt03BAAAQBAJ&dq=Kharkiv+German+1918&pg=PA205">Borderlands into Bordered Lands: Geopolitics of Identity in Post-Soviet Ukraine (Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society, Vol. 98) (Volume 98)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405224824/https://books.google.com/books?id=pt03BAAAQBAJ&dq=Kharkiv+German+1918&pg=PA205">Archived</a> 5 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ibidem Verlag, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/383820042X" title="Special:BookSources/383820042X">383820042X</a> (page 24) </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H1jsgYCoRioC&dq=Denikin+Kharkiv&pg=PA97">The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411071747/https://books.google.com/books?id=H1jsgYCoRioC&dq=Denikin+Kharkiv&pg=PA97">Archived</a> 11 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 858 pages, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-07608-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-07608-7">0-674-07608-7</a>, page 97 </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hV1h0_iMrE4C&dq=Denikin+December+1919+Kharkiv&pg=PA101">The A to Z of the Russo-Japanese War</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405180153/https://books.google.com/books?id=hV1h0_iMrE4C&dq=Denikin+December+1919+Kharkiv&pg=PA101">Archived</a> 5 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Scarecrow Press Inc. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6841-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-6841-0">978-0-8108-6841-0</a> (page 101) </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2012/01/25/69897/">"Донбас і Україна (з історії революційної боротьби 1917–18 рр.) (Donbas and Ukraine. (From articles and declarations of Mykola Skrypnyk))"</a>. Istpravda.com.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120827145101/http://www.istpravda.com.ua/articles/2012/01/25/69897/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81+%D1%96+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B0+%28%D0%B7+%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B8+1917%E2%80%9318+%D1%80%D1%80.%29+%28Donbas+and+Ukraine.+%28From+articles+and+declarations+of+Mykola+Skrypnyk%29%29&rft.pub=Istpravda.com.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.istpravda.com.ua%2Farticles%2F2012%2F01%2F25%2F69897%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHEWRYK1992" class="citation journal cs1">HEWRYK, TITUS D. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41036482">"Planning of the Capital in Kharkiv"</a>. Harvard Ukrainian Studies. 16 (3/4): 325–359. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0363-5570">0363-5570</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41036482">41036482</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814133659/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41036482">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Ukrainian+Studies&rft.atitle=Planning+of+the+Capital+in+Kharkiv&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3%2F4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E325-%3C%2Fspan%3E359&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41036482%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0363-5570&rft.aulast=HEWRYK&rft.aufirst=TITUS+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41036482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kharkov.ua/culture/2b.html">"Derzhprom statistics"</a>. Kharkov.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091129213053/http://www.kharkov.ua/culture/2b.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Derzhprom+statistics&rft.pub=Kharkov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kharkov.ua%2Fculture%2F2b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_41-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CH%5CKharkiv.htm">"Kharkiv"</a>. www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150922153340/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CH%5CKharkiv.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com&rft.atitle=Kharkiv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3Flinkpath%3Dpages%255CK%255CH%255CKharkiv.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStalin1931" class="citation journal cs1">Stalin, Joseph (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1931/10/x01.htm">"To the Workers and the Administrative and Technical personnel of Kharkov Tractor Works Project"</a>. Stalin Collected Works. 13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710125822/https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1931/10/x01.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stalin+Collected+Works&rft.atitle=To+the+Workers+and+the+Administrative+and+Technical+personnel+of+Kharkov+Tractor+Works+Project&rft.volume=13&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=Stalin&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Freference%2Farchive%2Fstalin%2Fworks%2F1931%2F10%2Fx01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJKtfF15-43"><a href="#cite_ref-AJKtfF15_43-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://america.aljazeera.com/multimedia/2015/2/kharkiv-tank-factory.html">Tank factory workers decry war that pits Ukrainian against Ukrainian</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626174542/http://america.aljazeera.com/multimedia/2015/2/kharkiv-tank-factory.html">Archived</a> 26 June 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_America" title="Al Jazeera America">Al Jazeera America</a> (27 February 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_44-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=1604">Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам 50 губерний Европейской России</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225015405/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=1604">Archived</a> 25 February 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Демоскоп </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_45-1">b</a> Історія міста Харкова ХХ століття, Харків 2004, р. 456 </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_46-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/kharkov-ukraine-virtual-jewish-history-tour">"Kharkov, Ukraine Virtual Jewish History Tour"</a>. www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405180150/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/kharkov-ukraine-virtual-jewish-history-tour">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org&rft.atitle=Kharkov%2C+Ukraine+Virtual+Jewish+History+Tour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fkharkov-ukraine-virtual-jewish-history-tour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://balticworlds.com/games-from-the-past/">Games from the Past: The continuity and change of the identity dynamic in Donbas from a historical perspective </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827095731/http://balticworlds.com/games-from-the-past/">Archived</a> 27 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6dert%C3%B6rn_University" title="Södertörn University">Södertörn University</a> (19 May 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nn3xDTiL0PQC&q=%22official+language%22&pg=PA1">Language Policy in the Soviet Union</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922165542/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nn3xDTiL0PQC&q=%22official+language%22&pg=PA1">Archived</a> 22 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lenore_Grenoble" title="Lenore Grenoble">Lenore Grenoble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-1298-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-1298-3">978-1-4020-1298-3</a> (page 84) </li> <li id="cite_note-Leonavičius_|first1=Vylius_Ozolinčiūtė_2019-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Leonavičius_|first1=Vylius_Ozolinčiūtė_2019_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeonavičiusOzolinčiūtė2019" class="citation journal cs1">Leonavičius, Vylius; Ozolinčiūtė, Eglė (1 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15388%2FSocMintVei.2019.1.10">"The Transformation of the Soviet Agriculture"</a>. Sociologija: Mintis Ir Veiksmas. 44 (1): 93–131. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15388%2FSocMintVei.2019.1.10">10.15388/SocMintVei.2019.1.10</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213399789">213399789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociologija%3A+Mintis+Ir+Veiksmas&rft.atitle=The+Transformation+of+the+Soviet+Agriculture&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E93-%3C%2Fspan%3E131&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15388%2FSocMintVei.2019.1.10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213399789%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Leonavi%C4%8Dius&rft.aufirst=Vylius&rft.au=Ozolin%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97%2C+Egl%C4%97&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.15388%252FSocMintVei.2019.1.10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ellman2007-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Ellman2007_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEllman2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ellman" title="Michael Ellman">Ellman, Michael</a> (June 2007). "Stalin and the Soviet Famine of 1932–33 Revisited". <a href="/wiki/Europe-Asia_Studies" title="Europe-Asia Studies">Europe-Asia Studies</a>. 59 (4). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>: 663–693. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668130701291899">10.1080/09668130701291899</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53655536">53655536</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=Stalin+and+the+Soviet+Famine+of+1932%E2%80%9333+Revisited&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E663-%3C%2Fspan%3E693&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668130701291899&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53655536%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ellman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-51"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeal1937" class="citation book cs1">Beal, Fred Erwin (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b332369&view=1up&seq=11&skin=2021">Proletarian journey: New England, Gastonia, Moscow</a>. New York: Hillman-Curl. pp. 283–284, 289–291. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220810014224/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b332369&view=1up&seq=11&skin=2021">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proletarian+journey%3A+New+England%2C+Gastonia%2C+Moscow.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E283-%3C%2Fspan%3E284%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E289-%3C%2Fspan%3E291&rft.pub=Hillman-Curl&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Beal&rft.aufirst=Fred+Erwin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duc1.%24b332369%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D11%26skin%3D2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevy2009" class="citation news cs1">Levy, Clifford J. (16 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/16/world/europe/16kiev.html">"A New View of a Famine That Killed Millions"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220804005058/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/16/world/europe/16kiev.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 11 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+New+View+of+a+Famine+That+Killed+Millions&rft.date=2009-03-16&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Clifford+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F03%2F16%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F16kiev.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reflections-53"><a href="#cite_ref-reflections_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Conquest2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Robert Conquest</a> (2000). Reflections on a Ravaged Century (1st ed.). New York City, London: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04818-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04818-7"><bdi>0-393-04818-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL24766940M">24766940M</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108386870" class="extiw" title="d:Q108386870">Q108386870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reflections+on+a+Ravaged+Century&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+London&rft.pages=96&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL24766940M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0-393-04818-7&rft.au=Robert+Conquest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Boriak, Hennadii (Fall 2001). "The publication of sources on the history of the 1932–1933 famine-genocide: history, current state, and prospects". Harvard Ukrainian Studies 25 (3–4): 167–186. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CFqB2_OX_oQC&dq=Stalin+Ukrainian+minstrels+Kharkiv&pg=PA116">Ukrainian minstrels: and the blind shall sing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405224825/https://books.google.com/books?id=CFqB2_OX_oQC&dq=Stalin+Ukrainian+minstrels+Kharkiv&pg=PA116">Archived</a> 5 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Natalie Kononenko, M.E. Sharp, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7656-0144-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7656-0144-3">0-7656-0144-3</a>/<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0144-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0144-5">978-0-7656-0144-5</a>, page 116 </li> <li id="cite_note-George_O._Liber_1992-56"><a href="#cite_ref-George_O._Liber_1992_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiber1992" class="citation book cs1">Liber, George (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2oqThmrFCfwC&pg=PA160">Soviet Nationality Policy, Urban Growth, and Identity Change in the Ukrainian SSR, 1923–1934</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521522434" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521522434"><bdi>978-0521522434</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002071001/https://books.google.com/books?id=2oqThmrFCfwC&pg=PA160">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 2 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet+Nationality+Policy%2C+Urban+Growth%2C+and+Identity+Change+in+the+Ukrainian+SSR%2C+1923%E2%80%931934&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0521522434&rft.aulast=Liber&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2oqThmrFCfwC%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Fischer_57-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fischer_(historian)" title="Benjamin Fischer (historian)">Fischer, Benjamin B.</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000816221054/http://www.cia.gov/csi/studies/winter99-00/art6.html">The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field</a>", <a href="/wiki/Studies_in_Intelligence" title="Studies in Intelligence">Studies in Intelligence</a>, Winter 1999–2000, last accessed on 10 December 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/research/foreign-policy/katyn-massacre">"Records Relating to the Katyn Forest Massacre at the National Archives"</a>. National Archives. 15 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170408082201/https://www.archives.gov/research/foreign-policy/katyn-massacre">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=Records+Relating+to+the+Katyn+Forest+Massacre+at+the+National+Archives&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fresearch%2Fforeign-policy%2Fkatyn-massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv_at_war-59"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv_at_war_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istpravda.com.ua/artefacts/2011/04/3/34315/">"Харків часів "дорослого дитинства" Людмили Гурченко (Kharkiv at times of "matured childhood" of Lyudmila Gurchenko)"</a>. Istpravda.com.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622051343/http://www.istpravda.com.ua/artefacts/2011/04/3/34315/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2+%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2+%22%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%22+%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE+%28Kharkiv+at+times+of+%22matured+childhood%22+of+Lyudmila+Gurchenko%29&rft.pub=Istpravda.com.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.istpravda.com.ua%2Fartefacts%2F2011%2F04%2F3%2F34315%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andersval.nl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6267&Itemid=190">"Kharkiv through the eyes of Lyudmila Gurchenko"</a>. Andersval.nl. 31 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120906070121/http://www.andersval.nl/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6267&Itemid=190">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kharkiv+through+the+eyes+of+Lyudmila+Gurchenko&rft.pub=Andersval.nl&rft.date=2011-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andersval.nl%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D6267%26Itemid%3D190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> The Red Army committed 765,300 men to this offensive, suffering 277,190 casualties (170,958 killed/missing/PoW, 106,232 wounded) and losing 652 tanks, and 4,924 guns and mortars. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlantz1998" class="citation book cs1">Glantz, David M. (1998). Kharkov 1942, anatomy of a military disaster through Soviet eyes. <a href="/wiki/Ian_Allan_Publishing" title="Ian Allan Publishing">Ian Allan Publishing</a>. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7110-2562-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7110-2562-2"><bdi>0-7110-2562-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kharkov+1942%2C+anatomy+of+a+military+disaster+through+Soviet+eyes&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Ian+Allan+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7110-2562-2&rft.aulast=Glantz&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> per <a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Citino" title="Robert M. Citino">Robert M. Citino</a>, author of "Death of the Wehrmacht", and other sources, the Red Army came to within a few miles of Kharkiv on 14 May 1942 by Soviet forces under <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Timoshenko" title="Semyon Timoshenko">Marshal Timoshenko</a> before being driven back by German forces under Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Fedor_von_Bock" title="Fedor von Bock">Fedor von Bock</a>, p. 100 </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUkrainian_Institute_of_National_Remembrance2015" class="citation book cs1">Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=joX_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26">Ukraine in World War II</a>. Ukraine: Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance. p. 26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230731153225/https://books.google.com/books?id=joX_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA26">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Ukraine&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Ukrainian+Institute+of+National+Remembrance&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Ukrainian+Institute+of+National+Remembrance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjoX_CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evening_Kharkiv-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evening_Kharkiv_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evening_Kharkiv_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vecherniy.kharkov.ua/news/14899/">"Харьков в годы Великой Отечественной войны | Вечерний Харьков"</a>. Evening Kharkiv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220812154336/https://vecherniy.kharkov.ua/news/14899/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Evening+Kharkiv&rft.atitle=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B+%26%23124%3B+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvecherniy.kharkov.ua%2Fnews%2F14899%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKarpyuk2006" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script">Karpyuk, Gennady (23–29 December 2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081209085420/http://www.dt.ua/3000/3150/55411/"><bdi lang="uk">Трагедія, про яку дехто не дуже хотів знати</bdi></a> [A tragedy that not everyone wanted to know about], <bdi lang="uk">Дзеркало Тижня</bdi>, vol. 49, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dt.ua/3000/3150/55411/">the original</a> on 9 December 2008, retrieved 16 December 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F%2C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE+%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.date=2006-12-23%2F2006-12-29&rft.aulast=Karpyuk&rft.aufirst=Gennady&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dt.ua%2F3000%2F3150%2F55411%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KvUah5e-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KvUah5e_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KvUah5e_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSubtelny2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Orest_Subtelny" title="Orest Subtelny">Subtelny, Orest</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ktyM07I9HXwC&dq=Kharkiv+German+November+1918&pg=PT338">Ukraine: A History</a> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. p. 338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1442609914" title="Special:BookSources/978-1442609914"><bdi>978-1442609914</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411071745/https://books.google.com/books?id=ktyM07I9HXwC&dq=Kharkiv+German+November+1918&pg=PT338">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+A+History&rft.pages=338&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1442609914&rft.aulast=Subtelny&rft.aufirst=Orest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DktyM07I9HXwC%26dq%3DKharkiv%2BGerman%2BNovember%2B1918%26pg%3DPT338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKelly2022" class="citation news cs1">Kelly, Lidia (22 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/wwii-holocaust-survivor-killed-ukraines-kharkiv-2022-03-22/">"WWII Holocaust survivor killed in Ukraine's Kharkiv"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512204700/https://www.reuters.com/world/wwii-holocaust-survivor-killed-ukraines-kharkiv-2022-03-22/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=WWII+Holocaust+survivor+killed+in+Ukraine%27s+Kharkiv&rft.date=2022-03-22&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Lidia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fwwii-holocaust-survivor-killed-ukraines-kharkiv-2022-03-22%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/96-year-old-holocaust-survivor-said-killed-in-russian-shelling-of-his-kharkiv-home/">"96-year-old Holocaust survivor said killed in Russian shelling of his Kharkiv home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a>. 21 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813165954/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/96-year-old-holocaust-survivor-said-killed-in-russian-shelling-of-his-kharkiv-home/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=96-year-old+Holocaust+survivor+said+killed+in+Russian+shelling+of+his+Kharkiv+home&rft.date=2022-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2F96-year-old-holocaust-survivor-said-killed-in-russian-shelling-of-his-kharkiv-home%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerini2022" class="citation news cs1">Verini, James (19 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/05/19/magazine/kharkiv-siege.html">"Surviving the Siege of Kharkiv"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230705011709/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/05/19/magazine/kharkiv-siege.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Surviving+the+Siege+of+Kharkiv&rft.date=2022-05-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Verini&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2022%2F05%2F19%2Fmagazine%2Fkharkiv-siege.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStudenna-Skrukwa2020" class="citation journal cs1">Studenna-Skrukwa, Marta (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_12775_HiP_2020_015">"Model Soviet City of the Brezhnev Era: The Image of Kharkiv in Selected Propaganda Texts"</a>. Historia i Polityka. 32 (39): 67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.12775%2FHiP.2020.015">10.12775/HiP.2020.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1899-5160">1899-5160</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:229566527">229566527</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220812134517/http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_12775_HiP_2020_015">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia+i+Polityka&rft.atitle=Model+Soviet+City+of+the+Brezhnev+Era%3A+The+Image+of+Kharkiv+in+Selected+Propaganda+Texts&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=39&rft.pages=67&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A229566527%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1899-5160&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.12775%2FHiP.2020.015&rft.aulast=Studenna-Skrukwa&rft.aufirst=Marta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcejsh.icm.edu.pl%2Fcejsh%2Felement%2Fbwmeta1.element.ojs-doi-10_12775_HiP_2020_015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRemnick1989" class="citation news cs1">Remnick, David (29 September 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/09/29/shcherbitsky-dismissed-as-communist-party-boss-in-ukraine/f903ba8a-bece-4493-894e-9a3b28e87d81/">"SHCHERBITSKY DISMISSED AS COMMUNIST PARTY BOSS IN UKRAINE"</a>. Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828011513/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/09/29/shcherbitsky-dismissed-as-communist-party-boss-in-ukraine/f903ba8a-bece-4493-894e-9a3b28e87d81/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=SHCHERBITSKY+DISMISSED+AS+COMMUNIST+PARTY+BOSS+IN+UKRAINE&rft.date=1989-09-29&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Remnick&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1989%2F09%2F29%2Fshcherbitsky-dismissed-as-communist-party-boss-in-ukraine%2Ff903ba8a-bece-4493-894e-9a3b28e87d81%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kalinichenko-72"><a href="#cite_ref-kalinichenko_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080512070738/http://www-history.univer.kharkov.ua/e-library/kalinichenko_textbook/Kalinichenko_10.2.htm"><bdi lang="uk">КАЛІНІЧЕНКО В.В., РИБАЛКА І.К. ІСТОРІЯ УКРАЇНИ. ЧАСТИНА ІІІ: 1917–2003 рр.</bdi></a> (in Ukrainian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.univer.kharkov.ua/e-library/kalinichenko_textbook/Kalinichenko_10.2.htm">the original</a> on 12 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%86%D0%9D%D0%86%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%9E+%D0%92.%D0%92.%2C+%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%91%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%9A%D0%90+%D0%86.%D0%9A.+%D0%86%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%86%D0%AF+%D0%A3%D0%9A%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%87%D0%9D%D0%98.+%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98%D0%9D%D0%90+%D0%86%D0%86%D0%86%3A+1917%E2%80%932003+%D1%80%D1%80.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.univer.kharkov.ua%2Fe-library%2Fkalinichenko_textbook%2FKalinichenko_10.2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcFaul1993" class="citation book cs1">McFaul, Michael (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/postcommunistpol0000mcfa">Post-communist politics : democratic prospects in Russia and Eastern Europe</a>. Internet Archive. Washington, D.C. : Center for Strategic and International Studies. pp. 17–19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89206-208-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89206-208-9"><bdi>978-0-89206-208-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post-communist+politics+%3A+democratic+prospects+in+Russia+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.pub=Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+Center+for+Strategic+and+International+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-89206-208-9&rft.aulast=McFaul&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpostcommunistpol0000mcfa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerrieLievenSuny2006" class="citation book cs1">Perrie, Maureen; Lieven, D. C. B.; Suny, Ronald Grigor (2 November 2006). "The Gorbachev Era". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KAPxOl_mh4YC">The Cambridge History of Russia: Volume 3, The Twentieth Century</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 344–349. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81144-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-81144-6"><bdi>978-0-521-81144-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Gorbachev+Era&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Russia%3A+Volume+3%2C+The+Twentieth+Century&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E344-%3C%2Fspan%3E349&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006-11-02&rft.isbn=978-0-521-81144-6&rft.aulast=Perrie&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.au=Lieven%2C+D.+C.+B.&rft.au=Suny%2C+Ronald+Grigor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKAPxOl_mh4YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kh.depo.ua/ukr/kh/revolyutsiya-na-graniti-yak-kharkivski-studenti-zminili-istoriyu-derzhavi-30-rokiv-tomu-202010231230205">"Революція на граніті: Як харківські студенти змінили історію держави 30 років тому – новини Харкова"</a>. www.depo.ua (in Ukrainian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814231233/https://kh.depo.ua/ukr/kh/revolyutsiya-na-graniti-yak-kharkivski-studenti-zminili-istoriyu-derzhavi-30-rokiv-tomu-202010231230205">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.depo.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%3A+%D0%AF%D0%BA+%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8E+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8+30+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2+%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83+%E2%80%93+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkh.depo.ua%2Fukr%2Fkh%2Frevolyutsiya-na-graniti-yak-kharkivski-studenti-zminili-istoriyu-derzhavi-30-rokiv-tomu-202010231230205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lesson-revolution-granite-76"><a href="#cite_ref-lesson-revolution-granite_76-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.day.kyiv.ua/en/article/day-after-day/lesson-revolution-granite">The lesson of the Revolution on Granite</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415162522/http://m.day.kyiv.ua/en/article/day-after-day/lesson-revolution-granite">Archived</a> 15 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Den_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Den (newspaper)">Den</a> (4 October 2016) </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZhyshko2016" class="citation web cs1">Zhyshko, Serhii (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.day.kyiv.ua/en/article/day-after-day/lesson-revolution-granite">"The lesson of the Revolution on Granite"</a>. «Антидот» і «детокс» від «Дня». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814231233/https://m.day.kyiv.ua/en/article/day-after-day/lesson-revolution-granite">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%C2%AB%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%C2%BB+%D1%96+%C2%AB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%C2%BB+%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4+%C2%AB%D0%94%D0%BD%D1%8F%C2%BB&rft.atitle=The+lesson+of+the+Revolution+on+Granite&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Zhyshko&rft.aufirst=Serhii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.day.kyiv.ua%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fday-after-day%2Flesson-revolution-granite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/the-end-of-the-soviet-union/the-end-of-the-soviet-union-texts/ukrainian-independence-declaration/">"Ukrainian Independence Referendum"</a>. Seventeen Moments in Soviet History. 28 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220414065531/https://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/the-end-of-the-soviet-union/the-end-of-the-soviet-union-texts/ukrainian-independence-declaration/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seventeen+Moments+in+Soviet+History&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Independence+Referendum&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoviethistory.msu.edu%2F1991-2%2Fthe-end-of-the-soviet-union%2Fthe-end-of-the-soviet-union-texts%2Fukrainian-independence-declaration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/kharkov-ukraine-virtual-jewish-history-tour">"Virtual Jewish World: Kharkov, Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Virtual_Library" title="Jewish Virtual Library">Jewish Virtual Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405180150/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/kharkov-ukraine-virtual-jewish-history-tour">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Virtual+Jewish+World%3A+Kharkov%2C+Ukraine&rft.pub=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fkharkov-ukraine-virtual-jewish-history-tour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/kharkiv">"Khar'kiv"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YIVO" title="YIVO">YIVO</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230512011725/https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Kharkiv">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Khar%27kiv&rft.pub=YIVO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyivoencyclopedia.org%2Farticle.aspx%2Fkharkiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSutela" class="citation web cs1">Sutela, Pekka. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2012/03/the-underachiever-ukraines-economy-since-1991?lang=en">"The Underachiever: Ukraine's Economy Since 1991"</a>. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729100406/https://carnegieendowment.org/2012/03/09/underachiever-ukraine-s-economy-since-1991-pub-47451">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.atitle=The+Underachiever%3A+Ukraine%27s+Economy+Since+1991&rft.aulast=Sutela&rft.aufirst=Pekka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2Fresearch%2F2012%2F03%2Fthe-underachiever-ukraines-economy-since-1991%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2010-09-29/party-regions-monopolises-power-ukraine">"The Party of Regions monopolises power in Ukraine"</a>. OSW Centre for Eastern Studies. 29 September 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814133452/https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2010-09-29/party-regions-monopolises-power-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OSW+Centre+for+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Party+of+Regions+monopolises+power+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osw.waw.pl%2Fen%2Fpublikacje%2Fosw-commentary%2F2010-09-29%2Fparty-regions-monopolises-power-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlatonova2021" class="citation book cs1">Platonova, Daria (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=01E_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PP27">The Donbas Conflict in Ukraine: Elites, Protest, and Partition</a>. Routledge. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-45326-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-45326-3"><bdi>978-1-000-45326-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231002071002/https://books.google.com/books?id=01E_EAAAQBAJ&pg=PP27#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Donbas+Conflict+in+Ukraine%3A+Elites%2C+Protest%2C+and+Partition&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-000-45326-3&rft.aulast=Platonova&rft.aufirst=Daria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D01E_EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukraine-opposition-protests-election-results-316008.html">Ukraine opposition protests election results</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920002302/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukraine-opposition-protests-election-results-316008.html">Archived</a> 20 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (1 November 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-separatistarrests25324984-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-separatistarrests25324984_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-separatistarrests25324984_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-separatistarrests25324984_85-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-separatistarrests25324984_85-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-separatistarrests25324984_85-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-separatistarrests25324984_85-5">f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/kharkiv-operation-ukraine-terrorism-separatist-arrests/25324984.html">Ukraine Authorities Clear Kharkiv Building, Arrest Scores Of 'Separatists'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111211046/https://www.rferl.org/a/kharkiv-operation-ukraine-terrorism-separatist-arrests/25324984.html">Archived</a> 11 November 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Free Europe">Radio Free Europe</a> (8 April 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieeurope.eu/2018/09/12/how-eastern-ukraine-is-adapting-and-surviving-case-of-kharkiv-pub-77216">How Eastern Ukraine Is Adapting and Surviving: The Case of Kharkiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Europe">Carnegie Europe</a> (12 September 2018) </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.at/transit-online/kharkiv-talks-in-a-viennese-kitchen-on-revolution-war-and-literature-in">"Kharkiv Talks in a Viennese Kitchen – On Revolution, War and Literature in Ukraine"</a>. IWM WEBSITE. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815200538/https://www.iwm.at/transit-online/kharkiv-talks-in-a-viennese-kitchen-on-revolution-war-and-literature-in">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IWM+WEBSITE&rft.atitle=Kharkiv+Talks+in+a+Viennese+Kitchen+%E2%80%93+On+Revolution%2C+War+and+Literature+in+Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.at%2Ftransit-online%2Fkharkiv-talks-in-a-viennese-kitchen-on-revolution-war-and-literature-in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukraine_crisis_timeline_BBC-87"><a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_crisis_timeline_BBC_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26248275">"Ukraine crisis: Timeline"</a>. BBC News. 13 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140603193226/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26248275">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+Timeline&rft.date=2014-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-26248275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoth2014" class="citation news cs1">Roth, Andrew (4 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/04/world/europe/russias-hand-can-be-seen-in-the-protests.html">"From Russia, 'Tourists' Stir the Protests"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304074020/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/04/world/europe/russias-hand-can-be-seen-in-the-protests.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=From+Russia%2C+%27Tourists%27+Stir+the+Protests&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F04%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussias-hand-can-be-seen-in-the-protests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-26435333">"Russian site recruits 'volunteers' for Ukraine"</a>. BBC News. 4 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180722074502/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-26435333">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russian+site+recruits+%27volunteers%27+for+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fblogs-trending-26435333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Focus_Information_Agency-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Focus_Information_Agency_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140409121553/http://www.focus-fen.net/news/2014/04/07/332351/pro-russia-activists-declare-establishment-of-kharkiv-peoples-republic.html">"Pro-Russia activists declare establishment of 'Kharkiv people's republic'"</a>. Focus Information Agency. 7 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.focus-fen.net/news/2014/04/07/332351/pro-russia-activists-declare-establishment-of-kharkiv-peoples-republic.html">the original</a> on 9 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Focus+Information+Agency&rft.atitle=Pro-Russia+activists+declare+establishment+of+%27Kharkiv+people%27s+republic%27&rft.date=2014-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.focus-fen.net%2Fnews%2F2014%2F04%2F07%2F332351%2Fpro-russia-activists-declare-establishment-of-kharkiv-peoples-republic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/04/08/protesters-storm-kharkiv-theater-thinking-it-was-city-hall-a33739">"Protesters Storm Kharkiv Theater Thinking It Was City Hall"</a>. The Moscow Times. 8 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815112502/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/04/08/protesters-storm-kharkiv-theater-thinking-it-was-city-hall-a33739">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Protesters+Storm+Kharkiv+Theater+Thinking+It+Was+City+Hall&rft.date=2014-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F08%2Fprotesters-storm-kharkiv-theater-thinking-it-was-city-hall-a33739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-prisoner_of_Yanukovych-91"><a href="#cite_ref-prisoner_of_Yanukovych_91-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mymedia.org.ua/en/articles/revolution/kharkiv_s_kernes_justifies_his_180-degree_political_turn_by_saying_he_was_prisoner_of_yanukovych_sys.html">"Kharkiv's Kernes justifies his 180-degree political turn by saying he was 'prisoner' of Yanukovych system"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211206195542/https://mymedia.org.ua/en/articles/revolution/kharkiv_s_kernes_justifies_his_180-degree_political_turn_by_saying_he_was_prisoner_of_yanukovych_sys.html">Archived</a> 6 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=MY-MEDIA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MY-MEDIA (page does not exist)">MY-MEDIA</a>, 6 March 2014; accessed 28 August 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/kharkiv-operation-ukraine-terrorism-separatist-arrests/25324984.html">"Authorities Clear Occupied Kharkiv Building"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 8 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111211046/https://www.rferl.org/a/kharkiv-operation-ukraine-terrorism-separatist-arrests/25324984.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Authorities+Clear+Occupied+Kharkiv+Building&rft.date=2014-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fkharkiv-operation-ukraine-terrorism-separatist-arrests%2F25324984.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLoiko2014" class="citation web cs1">Loiko, Sergei (28 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-ukraine-mayor-shot-20140428-story.html">"Ukraine mayor in critical condition after he was shot in the back"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220815112502/https://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-ukraine-mayor-shot-20140428-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Ukraine+mayor+in+critical+condition+after+he+was+shot+in+the+back&rft.date=2014-04-28&rft.aulast=Loiko&rft.aufirst=Sergei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fworldnow%2Fla-fg-wn-ukraine-mayor-shot-20140428-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KRR2-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KRR2_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KRR2_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/kharkiv-settles-down-while-pro-russian-separatists-still-hold-buildings-in-luhansk-donetsk-342517.html">"Kharkiv settles down, while pro-Russian separatists still hold buildings in Luhansk, Donetsk"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Kharkiv+settles+down%2C+while+pro-Russian+separatists+still+hold+buildings+in+Luhansk%2C+Donetsk&rft.date=2014-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fukraine%2Fkharkiv-settles-down-while-pro-russian-separatists-still-hold-buildings-in-luhansk-donetsk-342517.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkivinfiltrate-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kharkivinfiltrate_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kharkivinfiltrate_95-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/pro-russian-militants-attack-pro-ukrainian-demonstrators-in-kharkiv-including-at-least-three-severely-343292.html">"Kharkiv city government building infiltrated by pro-Russian protesters"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Kharkiv+city+government+building+infiltrated+by+pro-Russian+protesters&rft.date=2014-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fukraine%2Fpro-russian-militants-attack-pro-ukrainian-demonstrators-in-kharkiv-including-at-least-three-severely-343292.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Unian.net-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Unian.net_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Unian.net_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unian.net/politics/907771-posle-napadeniya-antimaydanovtsev-na-miting-evromaydana-v-harkove-postradalo-50-chelovek.html">"После нападения антимайдановцев на митинг Евромайдана в Харькове пострадало 50 человек : Новости УНИАН"</a>. Unian.net. 14 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140519144043/http://www.unian.net/politics/907771-posle-napadeniya-antimaydanovtsev-na-miting-evromaydana-v-harkove-postradalo-50-chelovek.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+50+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA+%3A+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%90%D0%9D&rft.pub=Unian.net&rft.date=2014-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unian.net%2Fpolitics%2F907771-posle-napadeniya-antimaydanovtsev-na-miting-evromaydana-v-harkove-postradalo-50-chelovek.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27183591">"Ukraine crisis: US and EU to intensify Russia sanctions"</a>. BBC. 28 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301222721/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27183591">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+US+and+EU+to+intensify+Russia+sanctions&rft.date=2014-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27183591&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-ukraine-mayor-shot-20140428,0,1011902.story?track=rss#axzz30JGhcEHC">Ukraine mayor in critical condition after he was shot in the back</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140505011013/http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-ukraine-mayor-shot-20140428,0,1011902.story?track=rss#axzz30JGhcEHC">Archived</a> 5 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> (28 April 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-3156284kharkivITwaKmWa-98"><a href="#cite_ref-3156284kharkivITwaKmWa_98-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3156284-kharkiv-mayor-kernes-dies.html">Kharkiv mayor Kernes dies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111214322/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-polytics/3156284-kharkiv-mayor-kernes-dies.html">Archived</a> 11 November 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a> (17 December 2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-54502494">Помер Геннадій Кернес: мер Харкова, який виграв вибори з реанімації</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217074508/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-54502494">Archived</a> 17 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Ukrainian" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Ukrainian">BBC Ukrainian</a> (17 December 2020) (in Ukrainian) </li> <li id="cite_note-246371KeysKernesKmWa-99"><a href="#cite_ref-246371KeysKernesKmWa_99-0">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.tyzhden.ua/publication/246371">Keys to cities. What is the secret of longevity of mayors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111214335/https://m.tyzhden.ua/publication/246371">Archived</a> 11 November 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ukrainian_Week" title="The Ukrainian Week">The Ukrainian Week</a> (10 August 2020) </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCE624-100"><a href="#cite_ref-OSCE624_100-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151122133303/http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/120113">"Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine based on information received until 23 June 2014"</a> (Press release). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 24 June 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/120113">the original</a> on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+from+the+Special+Monitoring+Mission+in+Ukraine+based+on+information+received+until+23+June+2014&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=2014-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fukraine-smm%2F120113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCE257-101"><a href="#cite_ref-OSCE257_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/121790">"Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) in Ukraine based on information received until 18:00 hrs, 23 July"</a> (Press release). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 24 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111212651/https://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/121790">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latest+from+the+Special+Monitoring+Mission+%28SMM%29+in+Ukraine+based+on+information+received+until+18%3A00+hrs%2C+23+July&rft.pub=Organization+for+Security+and+Co-operation+in+Europe&rft.date=2014-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fukraine-smm%2F121790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Status_quo_17814-102"><a href="#cite_ref-Status_quo_17814_102-0">^</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/obschestvo/17.08.2014/na_ploschadi_svobody_proshli_dva_mitinga/">Two liberty square rally</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220320011916/https://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/obschestvo/17.08.2014/na_ploschadi_svobody_proshli_dva_mitinga">Archived</a> 20 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Status quo (17 August 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2014/09/28/ukrainian-crowds-topple-lenin-statue-again/">Ukrainian Crowds Topple Lenin Statue (Again)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020132743/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2014/09/28/ukrainian-crowds-topple-lenin-statue-again/">Archived</a> 20 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 29 September 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-Navalny140923-104"><a href="#cite_ref-Navalny140923_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNavalny2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Navalny, Alexei (23 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://navalny.com/p/3836/"><bdi lang="ru">Соцопрос ФБК по Харьковской и Одесской областям. Европа, Россия, Новороссия</bdi></a> [Survey of Kharkiv and Odesa Oblasts] (in Russian). navalny.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140923121221/https://navalny.com/p/3836/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81+%D0%A4%D0%91%D0%9A+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BC.+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%2C+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft.aulast=Navalny&rft.aufirst=Alexei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnavalny.com%2Fp%2F3836%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DT150103-105"><a href="#cite_ref-DT150103_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dt.ua/UKRAINE/lishe-3-ukrayinciv-hochut-priyednannya-yih-oblasti-do-rosiyi-160641_.html"><bdi lang="uk">Лише 3% українців хочуть приєднання їх області до Росії</bdi></a> [Only 3% of Ukrainians want their region to become part of Russia]. <a href="/wiki/Dzerkalo_Tyzhnia" title="Dzerkalo Tyzhnia">Dzerkalo Tyzhnia</a> (in Ukrainian). 3 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019031451/https://dt.ua/UKRAINE/lishe-3-ukrayinciv-hochut-priyednannya-yih-oblasti-do-rosiyi-160641_.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dzerkalo+Tyzhnia&rft.atitle=%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5+3%25+%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B2+%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D1%97%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97&rft.date=2015-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdt.ua%2FUKRAINE%2Flishe-3-ukrayinciv-hochut-priyednannya-yih-oblasti-do-rosiyi-160641_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-ukraine-russia-kharkiv-bombs-20141210-story.html">Seven recent blasts in Ukraine city stir fear of new Russian menace</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220320012623/https://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-ukraine-russia-kharkiv-bombs-20141210-story.html">Archived</a> 20 March 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> (11 December 2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/mysterious-spate-bombings-hit-ukraine-military-hub-114452090.html#">Mysterious spate of bombings hit Ukraine military hub</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315155646/http://news.yahoo.com/mysterious-spate-bombings-hit-ukraine-military-hub-114452090.html">Archived</a> 15 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a> (10 December 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unian.info/society/1020077-sbu-russian-special-services-target-kharkiv-odesa-situation-difficult-to-control.html">SBU: Russian special services target Kharkiv, Odesa, situation difficult to control</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141214215037/http://www.unian.info/society/1020077-sbu-russian-special-services-target-kharkiv-odesa-situation-difficult-to-control.html">Archived</a> 14 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Independent_Information_Agency" title="Ukrainian Independent Information Agency">Ukrainian Independent Information Agency</a> (10 December 2014) </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:02_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:02_108-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJarábik" class="citation web cs1">Jarábik, Natalia Shapovalova, Balázs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carnegieeurope.eu/2018/09/12/how-eastern-ukraine-is-adapting-and-surviving-case-of-kharkiv-pub-77216">"How Eastern Ukraine Is Adapting and Surviving: The Case of Kharkiv"</a>. Carnegie Europe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308154832/https://www.rferl.org/a/kharkiv-operation-ukraine-terrorism-separatist-arrests/25324984.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Europe&rft.atitle=How+Eastern+Ukraine+Is+Adapting+and+Surviving%3A+The+Case+of+Kharkiv&rft.aulast=Jar%C3%A1bik&rft.aufirst=Natalia+Shapovalova%2C+Bal%C3%A1zs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieeurope.eu%2F2018%2F09%2F12%2Fhow-eastern-ukraine-is-adapting-and-surviving-case-of-kharkiv-pub-77216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466">"Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ"</a>. Голос України (in Ukrainian). 18 July 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE+%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8E+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2.+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8+%E2%84%96+807-%D0%86%D0%A5.&rft.date=2020-07-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.golos.com.ua%2Farticle%2F333466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/">"Нові райони: карти + склад"</a> (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8+%2B+%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4&rft.pub=%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minregion.gov.ua%2Fpress%2Fnews%2Fnovi-rajony-karty-sklad%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchwirtz2022" class="citation news cs1">Schwirtz, Michael (25 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/25/world/europe/kharkiv-ukraine-military.html">"Scenes from Kharkiv: Battle wreckage, the boom of artillery, and people sheltering in the subway"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225173613/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/25/world/europe/kharkiv-ukraine-military.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Scenes+from+Kharkiv%3A+Battle+wreckage%2C+the+boom+of+artillery%2C+and+people+sheltering+in+the+subway.&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Schwirtz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F02%2F25%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fkharkiv-ukraine-military.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarding2022" class="citation web cs1">Harding, Luke (27 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/27/kharkiv-fighting-russia-ukraine-invasion">"Kharkiv governor claims Russian troops repelled from city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227162935/https://apple.news/AaXq70KfATu2dJIxsVdW9vw">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kharkiv+governor+claims+Russian+troops+repelled+from+city&rft.date=2022-02-27&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Ffeb%2F27%2Fkharkiv-fighting-russia-ukraine-invasion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-113"><a href="#cite_ref-:4_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agequipmentintelligence.com/articles/5369-ukrainian-tractor-factory-destroyed-in-bombing">"Ukrainian Tractor Factory Destroyed in Bombing"</a>. www.agequipmentintelligence.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220316120452/https://www.agequipmentintelligence.com/articles/5369-ukrainian-tractor-factory-destroyed-in-bombing">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.agequipmentintelligence.com&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Tractor+Factory+Destroyed+in+Bombing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.agequipmentintelligence.com%2Farticles%2F5369-ukrainian-tractor-factory-destroyed-in-bombing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://t.me/voynareal/10377">"Реальная Война Новости Украина"</a>. Telegram. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314111604/https://t.me/voynareal/10377">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegram&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ft.me%2Fvoynareal%2F10377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oY5kGPtCGTo">video of the fire reportedly at the Kharkiv Tractor Plant</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220314111609/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oY5kGPtCGTo&feature=youtu.be">archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2022, retrieved 14 March 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=video+of+the+fire+reportedly+at+the+Kharkiv+Tractor+Plant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DoY5kGPtCGTo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/05/kharkiv-catalogues-war-toll-on-architectural-gems-historic-buildings-ukraine">"Kharkiv catalogues war's toll on its architectural gems"</a>. The Guardian. 5 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220724091916/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/may/05/kharkiv-catalogues-war-toll-on-architectural-gems-historic-buildings-ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kharkiv+catalogues+war%27s+toll+on+its+architectural+gems&rft.date=2022-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fmay%2F05%2Fkharkiv-catalogues-war-toll-on-architectural-gems-historic-buildings-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/03/04/ukraine-cluster-munitions-launched-kharkiv-neighborhoods">"Ukraine: Cluster Munitions Launched Into Kharkiv Neighborhoods"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 4 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313140732/https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/03/04/ukraine-cluster-munitions-launched-kharkiv-neighborhoods">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Ukraine%3A+Cluster+Munitions+Launched+Into+Kharkiv+Neighborhoods&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2022%2F03%2F04%2Fukraine-cluster-munitions-launched-kharkiv-neighborhoods&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFБогданьок2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Богданьок, Олена (6 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313224944/https://suspilne.media/214620-harkiv-cernigiv-mariupol-herson-gostomel-i-volnovaha-otrimali-zvanna-misto-geroj-prezident/">"Харків, Чернігів, Маріуполь, Херсон, Гостомель і Волноваха тепер міста-герої"</a>. Суспільне | Новини (in Ukrainian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://suspilne.media/214620-harkiv-cernigiv-mariupol-herson-gostomel-i-volnovaha-otrimali-zvanna-misto-geroj-prezident/">the original</a> on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5+%26%23124%3B+%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%2C+%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B2%2C+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%2C+%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%2C+%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D1%96+%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97&rft.date=2022-03-06&rft.aulast=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BA&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuspilne.media%2F214620-harkiv-cernigiv-mariupol-herson-gostomel-i-volnovaha-otrimali-zvanna-misto-geroj-prezident%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fox-119"><a href="#cite_ref-fox_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorman2022" class="citation news cs1">Norman, Greg (12 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/russia-withdrawing-troops-kharkiv-ukraine-war-uk-says">"Russia withdrawing troops after 'heavy losses', proving 'inability to capture key Ukrainian cities,' UK says"</a>. Fox News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220515230813/https://www.foxnews.com/world/russia-withdrawing-troops-kharkiv-ukraine-war-uk-says">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Russia+withdrawing+troops+after+%27heavy+losses%27%2C+proving+%27inability+to+capture+key+Ukrainian+cities%2C%27+UK+says&rft.date=2022-05-12&rft.aulast=Norman&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Frussia-withdrawing-troops-kharkiv-ukraine-war-uk-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3550225-enemy-shell-falls-near-apartment-building-in-kharkiv-region.html">"Enemy shell falls near apartment building in Kharkiv region"</a>. www.ukrinform.net. 14 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814192811/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3550225-enemy-shell-falls-near-apartment-building-in-kharkiv-region.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ukrinform.net&rft.atitle=Enemy+shell+falls+near+apartment+building+in+Kharkiv+region&rft.date=2022-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.net%2Frubric-ato%2F3550225-enemy-shell-falls-near-apartment-building-in-kharkiv-region.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3550022-russians-fire-missiles-at-kharkiv-regions-zmiiv-community-three-civilians-injured.html">"Russians fire missiles at Kharkiv Region's Zmiiv community, three civilians injured"</a>. www.ukrinform.net. 14 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220814080545/https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/3550022-russians-fire-missiles-at-kharkiv-regions-zmiiv-community-three-civilians-injured.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 14 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ukrinform.net&rft.atitle=Russians+fire+missiles+at+Kharkiv+Region%27s+Zmiiv+community%2C+three+civilians+injured&rft.date=2022-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.net%2Frubric-ato%2F3550022-russians-fire-missiles-at-kharkiv-regions-zmiiv-community-three-civilians-injured.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67851431">"Ukraine war: Russia hits back after Kyiv attack on border city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+war%3A+Russia+hits+back+after+Kyiv+attack+on+border+city&rft.date=2023-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-67851431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kyivindependent.com/russian-strikes-injure-at-least-7-in-kyiv-casualties-reported-in-lviv-dnipro-kharkiv/">"Russia launches largest air attack on Ukraine since start of full-scale war"</a>. The Kyiv Independent. 29 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kyiv+Independent&rft.atitle=Russia+launches+largest+air+attack+on+Ukraine+since+start+of+full-scale+war&rft.date=2023-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkyivindependent.com%2Frussian-strikes-injure-at-least-7-in-kyiv-casualties-reported-in-lviv-dnipro-kharkiv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFarmer2024" class="citation news cs1">Farmer, Ben (8 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/06/08/russia-ukraine-kharkiv-key-missile-launch-sites-counter-att/">"Russia thwarted over Kharkiv after cross-border Himars strikes"</a>. The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. Retrieved 17 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Russia+thwarted+over+Kharkiv+after+cross-border+Himars+strikes&rft.date=2024-06-08&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fworld-news%2F2024%2F06%2F08%2Frussia-ukraine-kharkiv-key-missile-launch-sites-counter-att%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKottasová2024" class="citation web cs1">Kottasová, Radina Gigova, Ivana (27 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/27/europe/russian-strike-kharkiv-megastore-intl/index.html">"Russian strike kills 18 people in Kharkiv megastore, the deadliest attack Ukraine has seen in weeks"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 2 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Russian+strike+kills+18+people+in+Kharkiv+megastore%2C+the+deadliest+attack+Ukraine+has+seen+in+weeks&rft.date=2024-05-27&rft.aulast=Kottasov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Radina+Gigova%2C+Ivana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F05%2F27%2Feurope%2Frussian-strike-kharkiv-megastore-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-regions/3722289-u-harkovi-perejmenuvali-centralnij-park-im-gorkogo-ta-kilka-vulic.html">"In Kharkiv, the Central Park named after Gorky and several streets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a> (in Ukrainian). 13 June 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrinform&rft.atitle=In+Kharkiv%2C+the+Central+Park+named+after+Gorky+and+several+streets&rft.date=2023-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.ua%2Frubric-regions%2F3722289-u-harkovi-perejmenuvali-centralnij-park-im-gorkogo-ta-kilka-vulic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-weather1-126"><a href="#cite_ref-weather1_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191213142352/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/34300.htm">"Weather and Climate – The Climate of Kharkiv"</a> (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/34300.htm">the original</a> on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+and+Climate+%E2%80%93+The+Climate+of+Kharkiv&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate+%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F34300.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMOCLINO-127"><a href="#cite_ref-WMOCLINO_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210717143555/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20%282%29.xls">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010"</a> (XLS). <a href="/wiki/National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information" title="National Centers for Environmental Information">National Centers for Environmental Information</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20(2).xls">the original</a> (XLS) on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1981%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1981-2010%2FRA-VI%2FUkraine%2F12.6.%2520WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%2520%282%29.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-128"><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/KHARKIV_34300.csv">"Kharkiv Climate Normals 1991–2020"</a> (CSV). <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. Retrieved 1 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kharkiv+Climate+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FUkraine%2FCSV%2FKHARKIV_34300.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/vlast/20.11.2015/gorsovet_pereimenoval_170_ulic/">List of 170 renamed streets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160124034924/http://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/vlast/20.11.2015/gorsovet_pereimenoval_170_ulic">Archived</a> 24 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, SQ (20 November 2015) (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/harkovskiy-gorsovet-pereimenoval-173-ulitsy-1448020126.html">Kharkiv city council renamed 173 streets, 4 parks and a metro station</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127033358/http://www.rbc.ua/ukr/news/harkovskiy-gorsovet-pereimenoval-173-ulitsy-1448020126.html">Archived</a> 27 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/RBC_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="RBC Ukraine">RBC Ukraine</a> (20 November 2015) (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/obschestvo/03.02.2016/v_harkove_pereimenovali_esche_50_ulic_spisok/">50 streets renamed in Kharkiv: list</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204060806/http://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/obschestvo/03.02.2016/v_harkove_pereimenovali_esche_50_ulic_spisok/">Archived</a> 4 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, SQ (3 February 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-3684227-u-kharkovi-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-3684227-u-kharkovi_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-3684227-u-kharkovi_130-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-3684227-u-kharkovi_130-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-3684227-u-kharkovi_130-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-3684227-u-kharkovi_130-4">e</a> (in Ukrainian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ua.korrespondent.net/city/kharkov/3684227-u-kharkovi-dekomunizuvaly-piat-stantsii-metro-i-pivsotni-vulyts">In Kharkiv, five metro stations and fifty streets have been communicated</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180930034214/https://ua.korrespondent.net/city/kharkov/3684227-u-kharkovi-dekomunizuvaly-piat-stantsii-metro-i-pivsotni-vulyts">Archived</a> 30 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korrespondent.net" title="Korrespondent.net">Korrespondent.net</a>, (18 May 2016) </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> (in Russian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/obschestvo/23.02.2016/rajony_harkova_istoriya_s_geografiej/">Districts Of Kharkiv. History with geography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318002709/http://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/obschestvo/23.02.2016/rajony_harkova_istoriya_s_geografiej">Archived</a> 18 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, SQ (23 February 2015) </li> <li id="cite_note-Тайны_подземного_Харькова-132"><a href="#cite_ref-Тайны_подземного_Харькова_132-0">^</a> Л.И. Мачулин. 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Dyachenko (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dalizovut.narod.ru/ulizy/ulizy.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Улицы и площади Харькова</bdi></a> [Streets and squares of Kharkiv]. dalizovut.narod.ru (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317094240/http://dalizovut.narod.ru/ulizy/ulizy.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2015. 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Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0+vharkov&rft.pub=vharkov.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvharkov.ru%2Fdescription%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukrcensus-149"><a href="#cite_ref-ukrcensus_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/estimated/kharkiv/">"Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 – Результати – Основні підсумки – Загальна кількість населення – Харківська область"</a>. 2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019082857/http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/estimated/kharkiv/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+2001+%E2%80%93+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%E2%80%93+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C&rft.pub=2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua%2Fresults%2Fgeneral%2Festimated%2Fkharkiv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barabashovo2024jun18-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barabashovo2024jun18_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barabashovo2024jun18_150-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barabashovo2024jun18_150-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barabashovo2024jun18_150-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/18/this-country-gave-me-a-lot-the-vietnamese-people-staying-in-ukraine">"'This country gave me a lot': the Vietnamese people staying in Ukraine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 18 June 2024. Retrieved 18 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27This+country+gave+me+a+lot%27%3A+the+Vietnamese+people+staying+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2024-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fjun%2F18%2Fthis-country-gave-me-a-lot-the-vietnamese-people-staying-in-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://socialdata.org.ua/projects/mova-2001/">"Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України"</a> (in Ukrainian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%BE%D0%B1%27%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialdata.org.ua%2Fprojects%2Fmova-2001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/municipal_survey_may_2023_ua_-_final.pdf">"Municipal Survey 2023"</a> (PDF). ratinggroup.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230719164824/https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/municipal_survey_may_2023_ua_-_final.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ratinggroup.ua&rft.atitle=Municipal+Survey+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fratinggroup.ua%2Ffiles%2Fratinggroup%2Freg_files%2Fmunicipal_survey_may_2023_ua_-_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv-153"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eparchia.kharkov.ua/churchinfo/33">"Харьковская епархия Украинской Православной Церкви"</a>. Kharkiv Diocese. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625042819/http://www.eparchia.kharkov.ua/churchinfo/33">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8&rft.pub=Kharkiv+Diocese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eparchia.kharkov.ua%2Fchurchinfo%2F33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv4-154"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv4_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eparchia.kharkov.ua/churchinfo/37">"Харьковская епархия Украинской Православной Церкви"</a>. Kharkiv Diocese. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624205113/http://www.eparchia.kharkov.ua/churchinfo/37">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8&rft.pub=Kharkiv+Diocese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eparchia.kharkov.ua%2Fchurchinfo%2F37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv3-155"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv3_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eparchia.kharkov.ua/churchinfo/5">"Харьковская епархия Украинской Православной Церкви"</a>. Kharkiv Diocese. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160612215608/http://www.eparchia.kharkov.ua/churchinfo/5">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8&rft.pub=Kharkiv+Diocese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eparchia.kharkov.ua%2Fchurchinfo%2F5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv5-156"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv5_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eparchia.kharkov.ua/churchinfo/52">"Харьковская епархия Украинской Православной Церкви"</a>. Kharkiv Diocese. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624224343/http://www.eparchia.kharkov.ua/churchinfo/52">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8&rft.pub=Kharkiv+Diocese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eparchia.kharkov.ua%2Fchurchinfo%2F52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv6-157"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv6_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eparchia.kharkov.ua/readnews/932">"Освящен храм благоверной царицы Тамары города Харькова – Харьковская епархия"</a>. Kharkiv Diocese. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624204026/http://www.eparchia.kharkov.ua/readnews/932">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B+%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=Kharkiv+Diocese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eparchia.kharkov.ua%2Freadnews%2F932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewishkharkov-158"><a href="#cite_ref-jewishkharkov_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishkharkov.org/">"Kharkov Jewish Community"</a>. jewishkharkov.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603061208/http://www.jewishkharkov.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kharkov+Jewish+Community&rft.pub=jewishkharkov.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishkharkov.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv8-159"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv8_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.strategy.kharkov.ua/">"Розробка стратегії розвитку міста Харкова на 2016–2020 роки "Харків – стратегія успіху""</a>. strategy.kharkov.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160618082605/http://www.strategy.kharkov.ua/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%97+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+2016%E2%80%932020+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8+%22%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F+%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%85%D1%83%22&rft.pub=strategy.kharkov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.strategy.kharkov.ua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv9-160"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv9_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.karazin.ua/ua/general/univer_today/announce?news_id=5793"><bdi lang="uk">Круглий стіл «Розробка Стратегії розвитку міста Харкова до 2020 року: наука і освіта»</bdi></a>. old.karazin.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701075810/https://old.karazin.ua/ua/general/univer_today/announce?news_id=5793">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. 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Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C+%22%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9%22.+%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%26%23124%3B+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=filarmonia.kh.ua&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilarmonia.kh.ua%2Ffestival-harkiv-misto-dobrih-nadij-informatsiya-dlya-uchastnikov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2024" class="citation web cs1">Kaufman, Spencer (6 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://consequence.net/2024/11/ukrainian-metal-drummer-mykola-amorth-sostin-dies-in-battle/">"Ukrainian Metal Drummer Mykola "Amorth" Sostin Dies in Battle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Consequence_of_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Consequence of Sound">Consequence of Sound</a>. 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Каразіна</bdi></a>. zvo.knu.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701072232/https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/79-derzhavniy-muzey-prirodi-harkivskogo-nacionalnogo-universitetu-imeni-vn-karazina">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. 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Retrieved 29 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=karazin.ua&rft.atitle=University+History+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkarazin.ua%2Fen%2Fkultura%2Fmuzei-istoriyi-universitetu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyiv3-199"><a href="#cite_ref-kyiv3_199-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/78-muzey-istorii-harkivskogo-nacionalnogo-universitetu-imeni-vn-karazina"><bdi lang="uk">Музей історії Харківського національного університету імені В.Н. Каразіна</bdi></a>. zvo.knu.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629091726/https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/78-muzey-istorii-harkivskogo-nacionalnogo-universitetu-imeni-vn-karazina">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zvo.knu.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83+%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96+%D0%92.%D0%9D.+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzvo.knu.ua%2Fua%2Fmuseums%2Fcategory%2F7%2F78-muzey-istorii-harkivskogo-nacionalnogo-universitetu-imeni-vn-karazina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maesu-200"><a href="#cite_ref-maesu_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maesu.org/">"www.maesu.org/"</a>. maesu.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621061534/http://maesu.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.maesu.org%2F&rft.pub=maesu.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maesu.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyiv4-201"><a href="#cite_ref-kyiv4_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/77-muzey-arheologii-ta-etnografii-slobidskoi-ukraini"><bdi lang="uk">Музей археології та етнографії Слобідської України</bdi></a> [Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of Slobid Ukraine]. zvo.knu.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701072229/https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/77-muzey-arheologii-ta-etnografii-slobidskoi-ukraini">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zvo.knu.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%97+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%97+%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzvo.knu.ua%2Fua%2Fmuseums%2Fcategory%2F7%2F77-muzey-arheologii-ta-etnografii-slobidskoi-ukraini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv17-202"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv17_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416134911/http://www.kpi.kharkov.ua/ru/home/muzeum/">"www.kpi.kharkov.ua/ru/home/muzeum/"</a>. kpi.kharkov.ua. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpi.kharkov.ua/ru/home/muzeum/">the original</a> on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=www.kpi.kharkov.ua%2Fru%2Fhome%2Fmuzeum%2F&rft.pub=kpi.kharkov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kpi.kharkov.ua%2Fru%2Fhome%2Fmuzeum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv18-203"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv18_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/museum/">"Музей НТУ "ХПI""</a>. web.kpi.kharkov.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170621095623/http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/museum/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%A3+%22%D0%A5%D0%9FI%22&rft.pub=web.kpi.kharkov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.kpi.kharkov.ua%2Fmuseum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv19-204"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv19_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/museum/arhiv-sobytij/">"Архів подій | Музей НТУ "ХПI""</a>. web.kpi.kharkov.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170426022132/http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/museum/arhiv-sobytij/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B9+%26%23124%3B+%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%A3+%22%D0%A5%D0%9FI%22&rft.pub=web.kpi.kharkov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.kpi.kharkov.ua%2Fmuseum%2Farhiv-sobytij%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkiv20-205"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkiv20_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/museum/kontakti/">"Фотогалерея | Музей НТУ "ХПI""</a>. web.kpi.kharkov.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170529180600/http://web.kpi.kharkov.ua/museum/kontakti/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F+%26%23124%3B+%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%A2%D0%A3+%22%D0%A5%D0%9FI%22&rft.pub=web.kpi.kharkov.ua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.kpi.kharkov.ua%2Fmuseum%2Fkontakti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyiv5-206"><a href="#cite_ref-kyiv5_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/115-muzey-istorii-nacionalnogo-tehnichnogo-universitetu-harkivskiy-politehnichniy-institut"><bdi lang="uk">Музей історії Національного технічного університету «Харківський політехнічний інститут»</bdi></a> [Museum of History of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute"]. zvo.knu.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701072228/https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/115-muzey-istorii-nacionalnogo-tehnichnogo-universitetu-harkivskiy-politehnichniy-institut">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zvo.knu.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83+%C2%AB%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%C2%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzvo.knu.ua%2Fua%2Fmuseums%2Fcategory%2F7%2F115-muzey-istorii-nacionalnogo-tehnichnogo-universitetu-harkivskiy-politehnichniy-institut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyiv6-207"><a href="#cite_ref-kyiv6_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/2-muzey-nacionalnogo-aerokosmichnogo-universitetu-hai"><bdi lang="uk">Музей Національного аерокосмічного університету «ХАІ»</bdi></a> [Museum of the National Aerospace University "KHAI"]. zvo.knu.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701072230/https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/2-muzey-nacionalnogo-aerokosmichnogo-universitetu-hai">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zvo.knu.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83+%C2%AB%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%86%C2%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzvo.knu.ua%2Fua%2Fmuseums%2Fcategory%2F7%2F2-muzey-nacionalnogo-aerokosmichnogo-universitetu-hai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nuph-208"><a href="#cite_ref-nuph_208-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170428051243/http://nuph.edu.ua/ru/muzejj-istorii-farmacii-ukrainy/">"Музей истории Национального фармацевтического университета – Національний фармацевтичний університет (НФаУ)"</a>. nuph.edu.ua. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nuph.edu.ua/muzejj-istoriji-farmaciji-ukrajini/">the original</a> on 28 April 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82+%28%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%A3%29&rft.pub=nuph.edu.ua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnuph.edu.ua%2Fmuzejj-istoriji-farmaciji-ukrajini%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nuph2-209"><a href="#cite_ref-nuph2_209-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nuph.edu.ua/ekspoziciya-muzeyu-istorii-nfau/">"Экспозиционные залы музея – Національний фармацевтичний університет (НФаУ)"</a>. nuph.edu.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171019085802/http://nuph.edu.ua/ru/e-kspozitsionny-e-zaly-muzeya/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F+%E2%80%93+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82+%28%D0%9D%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%A3%29&rft.pub=nuph.edu.ua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnuph.edu.ua%2Fekspoziciya-muzeyu-istorii-nfau%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyiv7-210"><a href="#cite_ref-kyiv7_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/51-muzey-istorii-farmacii-ukraini"><bdi lang="uk">Музей історії фармації України</bdi></a> [Museum of the History of Pharmacy of Ukraine]. zvo.knu.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230701072231/https://zvo.knu.ua/ua/museums/category/7/51-muzey-istorii-farmacii-ukraini">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zvo.knu.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97+%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzvo.knu.ua%2Fua%2Fmuseums%2Fcategory%2F7%2F51-muzey-istorii-farmacii-ukraini&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120618135607/http://morskojmuzej.kh.ua/">"The Kharkiv Maritime Museum"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morskojmuzej.kh.ua/">the original</a> on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Kharkiv+Maritime+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmorskojmuzej.kh.ua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230206/http://artcross.com.ua/museum_shuljenko">"The KI City Museum. Shulzhenko"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artcross.com.ua/museum_shuljenko">the original</a> on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+KI+City+Museum.+Shulzhenko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fartcross.com.ua%2Fmuseum_shuljenko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-213"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_213-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFmoygorod.ua" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">moygorod.ua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kharkov.moygorod.ua/ru/museum/muzej-seksualnykh-kultur-mira/">"Музей секса и сексуальных культур мира"</a>. Музей секса и сексуальных культур мира (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409233145/https://kharkov.moygorod.ua/ru/museum/muzej-seksualnykh-kultur-mira/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0&rft.au=moygorod.ua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkharkov.moygorod.ua%2Fru%2Fmuseum%2Fmuzej-seksualnykh-kultur-mira%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/obschestvo/23.08.2014/v_harkove_poyavitsya_pamyatnik_sagajdachnomu"><bdi lang="uk">В Харькове появится памятник Сагайдачному</bdi></a> [A monument to Sahaidachny in Kharkiv]. Status Quo (in Russian). 24 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602024948/https://www.sq.com.ua/rus/news/obschestvo/23.08.2014/v_harkove_poyavitsya_pamyatnik_sagajdachnomu">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2023. 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. 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Reuters. Retrieved on February 24, 2022. "Ukraine closes airspace to civilian flights amid Russian military action." </li> <li id="cite_note-kharkivmarathon-224"><a href="#cite_ref-kharkivmarathon_224-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122142340/http://kharkivmarathon.com/en/">"Main | 5th Kharkiv International Marathon"</a>. kharkivmarathon.com. Archived from the original on 22 November 2016. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://feldman-ecopark.com/en.html#">the original</a> on 25 December 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=feldman-ecopark.com%2Fen.html%23&rft.pub=feldman-ecopark.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffeldman-ecopark.com%2Fen.html%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-04-21/kharkiv-zoo-workers-found-shot-to-death-feldman-ecopark/101004712">Ukrainian zoo workers found shot to death and dumped in barricaded room, say owners</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-vesti-ukr-235"><a href="#cite_ref-vesti-ukr_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vesti-ukr.com/harkov/100881-v-harkove-ustanovili-velosipednyj-rekord">"В Харькове установили велосипедный рекорд. 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Retrieved 29 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.city.kharkiv.ua&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.kharkiv.ua%2Fuk%2Fo-xarkove%2Fgoroda-partneryi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krqe.com/news/albuquerque-welcomes-new-ukrainian-sister-city/">"Albuquerque welcomes new Ukrainian 'sister' city"</a>. KRQE News 13 (www.krqe.com). 29 June 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230710023856/https://www.krqe.com/news/albuquerque-welcomes-new-ukrainian-sister-city/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KRQE+News+13+%28www.krqe.com%29&rft.atitle=Albuquerque+welcomes+new+Ukrainian+%27sister%27+city&rft.date=2023-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.krqe.com%2Fnews%2Falbuquerque-welcomes-new-ukrainian-sister-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kharkiv#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Kharkiv">Bibliography of the history of Kharkiv</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kharkiv&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Kharkiv at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kharkiv" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Kharkiv">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="c:Харків">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Kharkiv" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Kharkiv">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kharkiv" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Kharkiv">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kharkiv" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Kharkiv">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kharkiv" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Kharkiv">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kharkiv" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Kharkiv">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kharkiv" class="extiw" title="voy:Kharkiv">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kharkov_(town)">"Kharkov (town)" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 772.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kharkov+%28town%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=772&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kharkov_(government)">"Kharkov (government)" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 772.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kharkov+%28government%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=772&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKharkiv" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infocity.kharkov.ua/">Citynet UA</a> – Official website of Kharkiv City Information Centre (in Ukrainian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.city.kharkiv.ua/">Misto Kharkiv</a> – Official website of Kharkiv City Council (in Ukrainian and Russian)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://studyinukraine.gov.ua/en/study-in-ukraine/universities/?regions=7#">Study in Kharkiv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629091730/https://studyinukraine.gov.ua/en/study-in-ukraine/universities/?regions=7">Archived</a> 29 June 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Official website of Study in Ukraine (in English, French, and Ukrainian)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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title="Nemyshlianskyi District">Nemyshlianskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrialnyi_District,_Kharkiv" title="Industrialnyi District, Kharkiv">Industrialnyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltivskyi_District" title="Saltivskyi District">Saltivskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobidskyi_District" title="Slobidskyi District">Slobidskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnovianskyi_District" title="Osnovianskyi District">Osnovianskyi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novobavarskyi_District" title="Novobavarskyi District">Novobavarskyi District</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">City neighborhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aeroport</li> <li>Aravia</li> <li>Balashivka <ul><li>Chervonyi Promin</li></ul></li> <li>Brazhnyky</li> <li>Chervonyi Zhovten</li> <li>Cherkaska Lozova</li> <li>Dykanivka</li> <li>Dudkivka</li> <li>Fedirtsi</li> <li>Hyivka</li> <li>Horbani</li> <li>Hryhorivka</li> <li>Huty</li> <li>Ivanivka</li> <li>Karachivka</li> <li>Karpivka</li> <li>Kachanivka</li> <li>Khvylynka</li> <li>Kholodna Hora</li> <li>Khroly</li> <li>Kharkiv City Center <ul><li>Podil (Zirka)</li> <li>Taras Shevchenko Park</li> <li>Universytetska Hirka</li></ul></li> <li>Klochkivka</li> <li>Komunist</li> <li>Kulynychi</li> <li>Laherne</li> <li>Levada</li> <li>Lypovyi Hai</li> <li>Lysa Hora</li> <li>Lidne</li> <li>Lisne</li> <li>Lohachivka</li> <li>Moskalivka (Stara Osnova)</li> <li>Nahirnyi <ul><li>Maksim Gorky Park</li> <li>Lisopark</li> <li>Pomirky</li> <li>Shatylivka</li> <li>Sokilnyky</li> <li>Sosnova Hirka</li> <li>Zaderzhpromya</li></ul></li> <li>Nakhalivka</li> <li>Nova Bavaria</li> <li>Novi Domy (Selektsiyna)</li> <li>Novozhanove (Myrskyi Hai)</li> <li>Novo-Zakhidnyi</li> <li>Novoselivka</li> <li>Obriy</li> <li>Oleksiivka <ul><li>Florynka</li> <li>Nova Oleksiivka</li> <li>Stara Oleksiivka</li> <li>Zelene</li></ul></li> <li>Osnova</li> <li>Stare Zatyshia</li> <li>Pavlenky</li> <li>Pavlivka</li> <li>Pavlove Pole <ul><li>Botanichnyi Sad</li> <li>Stare Pavlove Pole</li></ul></li> <li>Peremoha</li> <li>Pylypivka <ul><li>Koksokhim</li> <li>Yelizarivka</li></ul></li> <li>Pisochyn</li> <li>Plytkovyi Zavod</li> <li>Pokotylivka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piatykhatky,_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Piatykhatky, Kharkiv Oblast">Piatykhatky</a></li> <li>Rohan (Pivdenni Piatykhatky)</li> <li>Saburova Dacha</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltivka" title="Saltivka">Saltivka</a> <ul><li>Nemyshlia</li> <li>Petrenky</li> <li>Pisky</li> <li>Pivnichna Saltivka</li> <li>Selyshche imeni Kirova</li> <li>Shevchenky</li> <li>Skhidna Saltivka</li> <li>Stara Saltivka</li> <li>Tiurynka</li></ul></li> <li>Selyshche imeni Artema</li> <li>Selyshche imeni Herzena</li> <li>Selyshche imeni Dokuchayeva</li> <li>Selyshche Zhukovskoho</li> <li>Selyshche Lenina</li> <li>Selyshche imeni Frunze</li> <li>Selyshche KhTZ</li> <li>Shyshkivka</li> <li>Siriaky</li> <li>Sortuvalka</li> <li>Skhidnyi</li> <li>Velyka Danylivka</li> <li>Vereshchakivka</li> <li>Zhykhor</li> <li>Zhuravlivka <ul><li>Blyzhnia Zhuravlivka</li> <li>Dalnia Zhuralivka</li> <li>Lazkivka</li> <li>Rashkina Dacha</li> <li>Zemlianky</li></ul></li> <li>Zayiky</li> <li>Zayikivka</li> <li>Zalopan <ul><li>Blahovishchenskyi Bazar</li> <li>Honcharivka</li> <li>Panasivka</li></ul></li> <li>Zaliutyne</li> <li>Zakharkiv (Kinnyi Rynok)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kharkiv" title="Category:Kharkiv">Category:Kharkiv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Kharkiv_Oblast261" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Template:Kharkiv Oblast"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Template talk:Kharkiv Oblast"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kharkiv Oblast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Kharkiv_Oblast261" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">Administrative divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv Oblast</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Administrative center</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kharkiv</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raions_of_Ukraine" title="Raions of Ukraine">Raions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berestyn_Raion" title="Berestyn Raion">Berestyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohodukhiv_Raion" title="Bohodukhiv Raion">Bohodukhiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuhuiv_Raion" title="Chuhuiv Raion">Chuhuiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izium_Raion" title="Izium Raion">Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Raion" title="Kharkiv Raion">Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiansk_Raion" title="Kupiansk Raion">Kupiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozova_Raion" title="Lozova Raion">Lozova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hromadas_of_Ukraine" title="List of hromadas of Ukraine">Hromadas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balakliia_urban_hromada" title="Balakliia urban hromada">Balakliia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barvinkove_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barvinkove urban hromada (page does not exist)">Barvinkove</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bezliudivka_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bezliudivka settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Bezliudivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biliaivka_rural_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biliaivka rural hromada (page does not exist)">Biliaivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blyzniuky_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blyzniuky settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Blyzniuky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohodukhiv_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohodukhiv urban hromada (page does not exist)">Bohodukhiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Borova_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borova settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Borova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chkalovske_settlement_hromada" title="Chkalovske settlement hromada">Chkalovske</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuhuiv_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuhuiv urban hromada (page does not exist)">Chuhuiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derhachi_urban_hromada" title="Derhachi urban hromada">Derhachi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donets_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donets settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Donets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorichna_settlement_hromada" title="Dvorichna settlement hromada">Dvorichna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izium_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izium urban hromada (page does not exist)">Izium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kehychivka_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kehychivka settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Kehychivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_urban_hromada" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharkiv urban hromada">Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kindrashivka_rural_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kindrashivka rural hromada (page does not exist)">Kindrashivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolomak_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kolomak settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Kolomak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krasnokutsk_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krasnokutsk settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Krasnokutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunie_rural_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunie rural hromada (page does not exist)">Kunie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kupiansk_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kupiansk urban hromada (page does not exist)">Kupiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurylivka_rural_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurylivka rural hromada (page does not exist)">Kurylivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liubotyn_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liubotyn urban hromada (page does not exist)">Liubotyn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lozova_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lozova urban hromada (page does not exist)">Lozova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyptsi_rural_hromada" title="Lyptsi rural hromada">Lyptsi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mala_Danylivka_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mala Danylivka settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Mala Danylivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malynivka_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malynivka settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Malynivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merefa_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merefa urban hromada (page does not exist)">Merefa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natalyne_rural_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natalyne rural hromada (page does not exist)">Natalyne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_Vodolaha_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nova Vodolaha settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Nova Vodolaha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novopokrovka_settlement_hromada,_Kharkiv_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novopokrovka settlement hromada, Kharkiv Oblast (page does not exist)">Novopokrovka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleksiivka_rural_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleksiivka rural hromada (page does not exist)">Oleksiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oskil_rural_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oskil rural hromada (page does not exist)">Oskil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pechenihy_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pechenihy settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Pechenihy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pervomaiskyi_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pervomaiskyi urban hromada (page does not exist)">Pervomaiskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Petropavlivka_rural_hromada,_Kharkiv_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petropavlivka rural hromada, Kharkiv Oblast (page does not exist)">Petropavlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisochyn_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisochyn settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Pisochyn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pivdenne_urban_hromada,_Kharkiv_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pivdenne urban hromada, Kharkiv Oblast (page does not exist)">Pivdenne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohan_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rohan settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakhnovshchyna_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakhnovshchyna settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Sakhnovshchyna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savyntsi_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savyntsi settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Savyntsi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shevchenkove_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shevchenkove settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Shevchenkove</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slobozhanske_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slobozhanske settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Slobozhanske</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solonytsivka_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solonytsivka settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Solonytsivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Starovirivka_rural_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starovirivka rural hromada (page does not exist)">Starovirivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Staryi_Saltiv_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staryi Saltiv settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Staryi Saltiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsyrkuny_rural_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsyrkuny rural hromada (page does not exist)">Tsyrkuny</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valky_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valky urban hromada (page does not exist)">Valky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velykyi_Burluk_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velykyi Burluk settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Velykyi Burluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilkhivka_rural_hromada" title="Vilkhivka rural hromada">Vilkhivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vilkhuvatka_rural_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vilkhuvatka rural hromada (page does not exist)">Vilkhuvatka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vovchansk_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vovchansk urban hromada (page does not exist)">Vovchansk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vysokyi_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vysokyi settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Vysokyi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zachepylivka_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zachepylivka settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Zachepylivka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zmiiv_urban_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zmiiv urban hromada (page does not exist)">Zmiiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zolochiv_settlement_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zolochiv settlement hromada (page does not exist)">Zolochiv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balakliia" title="Balakliia">Balakliia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barvinkove" title="Barvinkove">Barvinkove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berestyn" title="Berestyn">Berestyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohodukhiv" title="Bohodukhiv">Bohodukhiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuhuiv" title="Chuhuiv">Chuhuiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derhachi" title="Derhachi">Derhachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izium" title="Izium">Izium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupiansk" title="Kupiansk">Kupiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liubotyn" title="Liubotyn">Liubotyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozova" title="Lozova">Lozova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merefa" title="Merefa">Merefa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivdenne,_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Pivdenne, Kharkiv Oblast">Pivdenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valky" title="Valky">Valky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vovchansk" title="Vovchansk">Vovchansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zlatopil,_Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Zlatopil, Kharkiv Oblast">Zlatopil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zmiiv" title="Zmiiv">Zmiiv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine943" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine943" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine" title="Administrative divisions of Ukraine">Administrative divisions of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Ukraine" title="Oblasts of Ukraine">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherkasy_Oblast" title="Cherkasy Oblast">Cherkasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv_Oblast" title="Chernihiv Oblast">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi_Oblast" title="Chernivtsi Oblast">Chernivtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipropetrovsk_Oblast" title="Dnipropetrovsk Oblast">Dnipropetrovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Oblast" title="Donetsk Oblast">Donetsk</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_Oblast" title="Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast">Ivano-Frankivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_Oblast" title="Kharkiv Oblast">Kharkiv</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson_Oblast" title="Kherson Oblast">Kherson</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_Oblast" title="Khmelnytskyi Oblast">Khmelnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirovohrad_Oblast" title="Kirovohrad Oblast">Kirovohrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Oblast" title="Kyiv Oblast">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast" title="Luhansk Oblast">Luhansk</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv_Oblast" title="Lviv Oblast">Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv_Oblast" title="Mykolaiv Oblast">Mykolaiv</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa_Oblast" title="Odesa Oblast">Odesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltava_Oblast" title="Poltava Oblast">Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne_Oblast" title="Rivne Oblast">Rivne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumy_Oblast" title="Sumy Oblast">Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Oblast" title="Ternopil Oblast">Ternopil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia_Oblast" title="Vinnytsia Oblast">Vinnytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volyn_Oblast" title="Volyn Oblast">Volyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakarpattia_Oblast" title="Zakarpattia Oblast">Zakarpattia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhzhia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr_Oblast" title="Zhytomyr Oblast">Zhytomyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_with_special_status" title="City with special status">Cities with special status</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_republics_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous republics of Ukraine">Autonomous republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Republic_of_Crimea" title="Autonomous Republic of Crimea">Crimea</a>1</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherkasy" title="Cherkasy">Cherkasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a>2 (<a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk" title="Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi" title="Khmelnytskyi">Khmelnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kropyvnytskyi" title="Kropyvnytskyi">Kropyvnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a>2 (<a href="/wiki/Sievierodonetsk" title="Sievierodonetsk">Sievierodonetsk</a>2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutsk" title="Lutsk">Lutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne" title="Rivne">Rivne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumy" title="Sumy">Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternopil" title="Ternopil">Ternopil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzhhorod" title="Uzhhorod">Uzhhorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia" title="Zaporizhzhia">Zaporizhzhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr" title="Zhytomyr">Zhytomyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1Claimed and controlled by <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Crimea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal City</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a> 2Claimed and partially controlled by Russia as the <a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a> <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lugansk_People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugansk People's Republic">Lugansk People's Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Oblast_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaporizhzhia Oblast (Russia)">Zaporozhye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kherson_Oblast_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kherson Oblast (Russia)">Kherson</a> <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">oblasts</a> 3 Partially claimed and partially controlled by Russia as a part of <a href="/wiki/Kherson_Oblast_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kherson Oblast (Russia)">Kherson</a> <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">oblast</a> 4Partially controlled by Russia, but not claimed as its part</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Ukraine353" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Ukraine" title="Template:Cities in Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Cities in Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Ukraine353" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Ukraine" title="List of cities in Ukraine">Cities in Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_with_special_status" title="City with special status">City with special status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_regional_significance_(Ukraine)" title="City of regional significance (Ukraine)">City of regional significance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_district_significance_(Ukraine)" title="City of district significance (Ukraine)">City of district significance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000-1,000,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk" title="Donetsk">Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia" title="Zaporizhzhia">Zaporizhzhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih" title="Kryvyi Rih">Kryvyi Rih</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000-500,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk" title="Luhansk">Luhansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makiivka" title="Makiivka">Makiivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkasy" title="Cherkasy">Cherkasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumy" title="Sumy">Sumy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horlivka" title="Horlivka">Horlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhytomyr" title="Zhytomyr">Zhytomyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamianske,_Kamianske_Raion" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamianske, Kamianske Raion">Kamianske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kropyvnytskyi" title="Kropyvnytskyi">Kropyvnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi" title="Khmelnytskyi">Khmelnytskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivne" title="Rivne">Rivne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernivtsi" title="Chernivtsi">Chernivtsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremenchuk" title="Kremenchuk">Kremenchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ternopil" title="Ternopil">Ternopil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Ivano-Frankivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutsk" title="Lutsk">Lutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bila_Tserkva" title="Bila Tserkva">Bila Tserkva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000-200,000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kramatorsk" title="Kramatorsk">Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melitopol" title="Melitopol">Melitopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikopol,_Ukraine" title="Nikopol, Ukraine">Nikopol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloviansk" title="Sloviansk">Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berdiansk" title="Berdiansk">Berdiansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sievierodonetsk" title="Sievierodonetsk">Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchevsk" title="Alchevsk">Alchevsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlohrad" title="Pavlohrad">Pavlohrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzhhorod" title="Uzhhorod">Uzhhorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brovary" title="Brovary">Brovary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevpatoria" title="Yevpatoria">Yevpatoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Cities located in <a href="/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine" title="Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine">Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hero_Cities_of_Ukraine108" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hero_Cities_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Hero Cities of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hero_Cities_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Hero Cities of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hero_Cities_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hero Cities of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hero_Cities_of_Ukraine108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine" title="Hero City of Ukraine">Hero Cities of Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awarded by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerch" title="Kerch">Kerch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awarded by independent Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bucha,_Ukraine" title="Bucha, Ukraine">Bucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernihiv" title="Chernihiv">Chernihiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostomel" title="Hostomel">Hostomel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irpin" title="Irpin">Irpin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kharkiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kherson" title="Kherson">Kherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykolaiv" title="Mykolaiv">Mykolaiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okhtyrka" title="Okhtyrka">Okhtyrka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha" title="Volnovakha">Volnovakha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_capitals_in_Ukraine277" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Capitals_of_Ukraine" title="Template:Capitals of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Capitals_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:Capitals of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Capitals of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_capitals_in_Ukraine277" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Historical capitals in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval and early modern capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/18px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/27px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/36px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png/18px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png/27px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png/36px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Volodymyr-Volynsky.png 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr (city)">Volodymyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Halych.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/COA_of_Halych.svg/18px-COA_of_Halych.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/COA_of_Halych.svg/27px-COA_of_Halych.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/COA_of_Halych.svg/36px-COA_of_Halych.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="399" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Halych" title="Halych">Halych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="604" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Chyhyryn.png 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="502" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chyhyryn" title="Chyhyryn">Chyhyryn</a> (1648–1676)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Hadyach_gerb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hadyach_gerb.png/18px-Hadyach_gerb.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hadyach_gerb.png/27px-Hadyach_gerb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Hadyach_gerb.png/36px-Hadyach_gerb.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="268" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hadiach" title="Hadiach">Hadiach</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left-bank_Ukraine" title="Left-bank Ukraine">Left-bank</a>, 1663–1668)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg/18px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg/27px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg/36px-%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="655" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Baturyn" title="Baturyn">Baturyn</a> (1676–1708, 1751–1764)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Hlukhiv_gerb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hlukhiv_gerb.png/18px-Hlukhiv_gerb.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hlukhiv_gerb.png/27px-Hlukhiv_gerb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hlukhiv_gerb.png/36px-Hlukhiv_gerb.png 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="391" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hlukhiv" title="Hlukhiv">Hlukhiv</a> (1708–1751)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainian states after the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and before the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="West Ukrainian People's Republic">West Ukrainian People's Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Lviv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="604" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png/20px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png/40px-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1.png 1.5x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mostyska" title="Mostyska">Mostyska</a> (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png/18px-Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png/27px-Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png/36px-Ivano-Frankivsk_COA.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="496" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk" title="Ivano-Frankivsk">Stanyslaviv</a> (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG/18px-Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG/27px-Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG/36px-Coat_of_Arms_Buchach.PNG 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="90" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buchach" title="Buchach">Buchach</a> (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png/20px-COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png/40px-COA_of_Chortkiv_2023.png 1.5x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="1110" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chortkiv" title="Chortkiv">Chortkiv</a> (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="886" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ternopil" title="Ternopil">Ternopil</a> (de facto)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/18px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/27px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/36px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> (1917–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png/18px-Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png/27px-Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png/36px-Kamyanets-Podilskyi_COA.png 2x" data-file-width="216" data-file-height="301" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kamianets-Podilskyi" title="Kamianets-Podilskyi">Kamianets-Podilskyi</a> (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png/18px-Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png/27px-Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png/36px-Coat_of_Arms_Vinnitsia_Small.png 2x" data-file-width="205" data-file-height="268" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vinnytsia" title="Vinnytsia">Vinnytsia</a> (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG/20px-Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG/40px-Coat_of_arms_zhmerynka.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="340" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zhmerynka" title="Zhmerynka">Zhmerynka</a> (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg/20px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg/40px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Khmelnitsky.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="460" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytskyi" title="Khmelnytskyi">Proskuriv</a> (de facto)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_Rivne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="496" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rivne" title="Rivne">Rivne</a> (de facto)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Republic">Ukrainian Soviet Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/18px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/27px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/36px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png/18px-Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png/27px-Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png/36px-Coats_of_arms_of_Bashtanka.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="594" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Bashtanka" title="Bashtanka">Poltavka</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashtanka_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bashtanka Republic (page does not exist)">Bashtanka Republic</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="uk:Баштанська республіка)">uk</a>])</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ternopil.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="886" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ternopil" title="Ternopil">Ternopil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Galician_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Galician Soviet Socialist Republic">Galician Soviet Socialist Republic</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg/18px-Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg/27px-Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg/36px-Coats_of_arms_of_Hulaypole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="762" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Huliaipole" title="Huliaipole">Huliaipole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a>, 1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Jasina_gerb.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jasina_gerb.gif/18px-Jasina_gerb.gif" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jasina_gerb.gif/27px-Jasina_gerb.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jasina_gerb.gif/36px-Jasina_gerb.gif 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Yasinia" title="Yasinia">Yasinia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hutsul_Republic" title="Hutsul Republic">Hutsul Republic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mliiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mliiv (page does not exist)">Mliiv</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="uk:Мліїв">uk</a>] (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mliiv_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mliiv Republic (page does not exist)">Mliiv Republic</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="uk:Мліївська республіка">uk</a>])</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Dnipro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="895" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Katerynoslav</a> (<a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a>, 1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png/18px-Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png/27px-Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png/36px-Melnyky_chgr_gerb.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="497" /></a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melnyky,_Medvedivka_hromada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melnyky, Medvedivka hromada (page does not exist)">Melnyky</a> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_(%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="uk:Мельники (Черкаський район, Медведівська громада)">uk</a>] (<a href="/wiki/Kholodny_Yar_Republic" title="Kholodny Yar Republic">Kholodny Yar Republic</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> (since 1919), independent <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (since 1991), other contemporary states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian SSR">Ukrainian SSR</a> (part of the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a> 1922-91), <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg/18px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg/27px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg/36px-Coat_of_arms_of_Kharkiv.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="612" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kharkiv</a> (1919-1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/18px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/27px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg/36px-COA_of_Kyiv_Kurovskyi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a> (since 1934)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpatho-Ukraine" title="Carpatho-Ukraine">Carpatho-Ukraine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Hust_gerb.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hust_gerb.png/20px-Hust_gerb.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hust_gerb.png/40px-Hust_gerb.png 1.5x" data-file-width="311" data-file-height="387" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Khust" title="Khust">Khust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)268" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War_in_Donbas" title="Template:War in Donbas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War_in_Donbas" title="Template talk:War in Donbas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War_in_Donbas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War in Donbas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)268" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas (2014–2022)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li>Followed by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Aircraft losses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas">Humanitarian situation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_war_in_Donbas" title="International reactions to the war in Donbas">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Sanctioned people</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trilateral_Contact_Group_on_Ukraine" title="Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine">Trilateral Contact Group on Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_volunteer_movement_helping_Ukrainian_forces_in_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Civil volunteer movement helping Ukrainian forces in the war in Donbas">Civil volunteer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_green_men_(Russo-Ukrainian_War)" title="Little green men (Russo-Ukrainian War)">Little green men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorist_Operation_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-terrorist Operation Zone">Anti-terrorist Operation Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_administrations_(Ukraine)" title="Civil–military administrations (Ukraine)">Civil–military administrations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2014)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2015)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2016)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2016)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2017)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2018)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2019)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2020)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2021)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)" title="Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Donetsk_(2014)" title="Capture of Donetsk (2014)">Capture of Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemivsk" title="Battle of Artemivsk">Battle of Artemivsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sloviansk" title="Siege of Sloviansk">Siege of Sloviansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kramatorsk" title="Battle of Kramatorsk">Battle of Kramatorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mariupol_(2014)" title="Battle of Mariupol (2014)">Battle of Mariupol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2014)" title="Battles of Sievierodonetsk (2014)">Battles of Sievierodonetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karlivka" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Karlivka">Battle of Karlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="First Battle of Donetsk Airport">1st Battle of Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Luhansk_border_base" title="Siege of the Luhansk border base">Siege of the Luhansk border base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnyi_Lyman" title="Battle of Krasnyi Lyman">Battle of Krasnyi Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenopillia_rocket_attack" title="Zelenopillia rocket attack">Zelenopillia rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_in_Shakhtarsk_Raion" title="Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion">Battle in Shakhtarsk Raion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Horlivka" title="Battle of Horlivka">Battle of Horlivka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yasynuvata" title="Battle of Yasynuvata">Battle of Yasynuvata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilovaisk" title="Battle of Ilovaisk">Battle of Ilovaisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosvitlivka_refugee_convoy_attack" title="Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack">Novosvitlivka refugee convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novoazovsk" title="Battle of Novoazovsk">Battle of Novoazovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offensive_on_Mariupol_(September_2014)" title="Offensive on Mariupol (September 2014)">Mariupol offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Donetsk_Airport" title="Second Battle of Donetsk Airport">2nd Battle of Donetsk Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debaltseve" title="Battle of Debaltseve">Battle of Debaltseve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyrokyne_standoff" title="Shyrokyne standoff">Shyrokyne standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2015)" title="Battle of Marinka (2015)">Battle of Marinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Svitlodarsk" title="Battle of Svitlodarsk">Battle of Svitlodarsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2017)" title="Battle of Avdiivka (2017)">Battle of Avdiivka (2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_status_referendums" title="2014 Donbas status referendums">Donbas status referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_Air_Force_Ilyushin_Il-76_shootdown" title="2014 Ukrainian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 shootdown">Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelling_of_Donetsk,_Rostov_Oblast" title="Shelling of Donetsk, Rostov Oblast">Shelling of Donetsk, Rostov Oblast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_cross-border_shelling_of_Ukraine" title="2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine">2014 Russian cross-border shelling of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17" title="Malaysia Airlines Flight 17">MH17 shoot-down</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17_shootdown" title="International reactions to the Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 shootdown">reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2166" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2166">UNSC Resolution 2166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Wales_summit" title="2014 Wales summit">NATO summit in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_Protocol" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Donbas_general_elections" title="2014 Donbas general elections">Donbas general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_G20_Brisbane_summit" title="2014 G20 Brisbane summit">2014 G20 Brisbane summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volnovakha_bus_attack" title="Volnovakha bus attack">Volnovakha bus attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2015_Mariupol_rocket_attack" title="January 2015 Mariupol rocket attack">Mariupol rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2015_Kramatorsk_rocket_attack" title="February 2015 Kramatorsk rocket attack">Kramatorsk rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minsk_agreements#Minsk_II" title="Minsk agreements">Minsk II ceasefire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Kharkiv_bombing" title="2015 Kharkiv bombing">Kharkiv bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko#Death" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Assassination of Alexander Zakharchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Donbas_general_elections" title="2018 Donbas general elections">Donbas general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_to_capitulation!" title="No to capitulation!">No to capitulation!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing" title="Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing">Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Self-proclaimed states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /> <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk People's Republic</a> (April 2014 – September 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk People's Republic</a> (April 2014 – September 2022)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/40px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg/60px-War_flag_of_Novorussia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Novorossiya_(confederation)" title="Novorossiya (confederation)">Novorossiya</a> (May 2014 – May 2015) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic">International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(Pro-) Russian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">Separatist forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_used_by_Russian_separatist_forces_of_the_war_in_Donbas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of equipment used by Russian separatist forces of the war in Donbas">List of equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_separatist_forces_in_Donbas#Luhansk_People's_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian separatist forces in Donbas">Army of the South-East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Army" title="Russian Orthodox Army">Russian Orthodox Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_war_in_Donbas#Vostok_Battalion" title="Combatants of the war in Donbas">Vostok Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmius_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmius Brigade">Kalmius Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta_Battalion" title="Sparta Battalion">Sparta Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia_Battalion" title="Somalia Battalion">Somalia Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizrak_Brigade" title="Prizrak Brigade">Prizrak Brigade</a></li></ul></li> <li>Political parties and movements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_Republic_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Donetsk Republic (political party)">Donetsk Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Russia_Party" title="New Russia Party">New Russia Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic">Communist Party of DPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_to_Luhanshchina" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace to Luhanshchina">Peace to Luhanshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borotba" title="Borotba">Borotba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifascist_Committee_of_Ukraine" title="Antifascist Committee of Ukraine">Antifascist Committee of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Choice" title="Ukrainian Choice">Ukrainian Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Russia_of_E._V._Limonov" title="The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov">The Other Russia of E. V. Limonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Youth_Union" title="Eurasian Youth Union">Eurasian Youth Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Cossacks" title="Don Cossacks">Don Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Research_Agency" title="Internet Research Agency">Internet Research Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Imperial_Movement" title="Russian Imperial Movement">Russian Imperial Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Russian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov" title="Vladislav Surkov">Vladislav Surkov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu" title="Sergei Shoigu">Sergei Shoigu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Crimean <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov" title="Sergey Aksyonov">Sergey Aksyonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Konstantinov_(politician)" title="Vladimir Konstantinov (politician)">Vladimir Konstantinov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Poklonskaya" title="Natalia Poklonskaya">Natalia Poklonskaya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Donetsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Antyufeyev" title="Vladimir Antyufeyev">Vladimir Antyufeyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Basurin" title="Eduard Basurin">Eduard Basurin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Berezin" title="Fyodor Berezin">Fyodor Berezin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Bezler" title="Igor Bezler">Igor Bezler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Borodai" title="Alexander Borodai">Alexander Borodai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Chumachenko" title="Mikhail Chumachenko">Mikhail Chumachenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Girkin" title="Igor Girkin">Igor Girkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev" title="Pavel Gubarev">Pavel Gubarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Gubareva" title="Ekaterina Gubareva">Ekaterina Gubareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Khakimzyanov" title="Igor Khakimzyanov">Igor Khakimzyanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Khodakovsky" title="Alexander Khodakovsky">Alexander Khodakovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kononov_(Donetsk_People%27s_Republic)" title="Vladimir Kononov (Donetsk People's Republic)">Vladimir Kononov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Pavlov" title="Arsen Pavlov">Arsen Pavlov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Ponomarev_(public_figure)" title="Vyacheslav Ponomarev (public figure)">Vyacheslav Ponomarev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Purgin" title="Andrei Purgin">Andrei Purgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pushilin" title="Denis Pushilin">Denis Pushilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Tolstykh" title="Mikhail Tolstykh">Mikhail Tolstykh</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zakharchenko" title="Alexander Zakharchenko">Alexander Zakharchenko</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Zhurikov" title="Sergei Zhurikov">Sergei Zhurikov</a></li></ul></li> <li>Luhansk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bednov" title="Alexander Bednov">Alexander Bednov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Bolotov" title="Valery Bolotov">Valery Bolotov</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Karyakin" title="Aleksey Karyakin">Aleksey Karyakin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Kharitonov_(politician)" title="Aleksandr Kharitonov (politician)">Aleksandr Kharitonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Klinchaev" title="Arsen Klinchaev">Arsen Klinchaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kozlov_(politician)" title="Sergey Kozlov (politician)">Sergey Kozlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Mozgovoy" title="Aleksey Mozgovoy">Aleksey Mozgovoy</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik" title="Leonid Pasechnik">Leonid Pasechnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Plotnitsky" title="Igor Plotnitsky">Igor Plotnitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadiy_Tsypkalov" title="Gennadiy Tsypkalov">Gennadiy Tsypkalov</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Kharkiv <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Zhylin" title="Yevhen Zhylin">Yevhen Zhylin</a>†</li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin" title="Aleksandr Dugin">Aleksandr Dugin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelya_Shtepa" title="Nelya Shtepa">Nelya Shtepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Tsaryov" title="Oleg Tsaryov">Oleg Tsaryov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ukrainian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Government of Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_government" title="First Yatsenyuk government">1st Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Yatsenyuk_Government" title="Second Yatsenyuk Government">2nd Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groysman_Government" title="Groysman Government">Groysman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Internal_Affairs_(Ukraine)" title="Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)">Ministry of Internal Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_of_Ukraine" title="National Guard of Ukraine">National Guard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Brigade" title="Azov Brigade">Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donbas_Battalion" title="Donbas Battalion">Donbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Tasks_Patrol_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Tasks Patrol Police">Patrol Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dnipro-1_Regiment" title="Dnipro-1 Regiment">Dnipro-1</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Armed Forces of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Ground_Forces" title="Ukrainian Ground Forces">Ukrainian Ground Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_territorial_defence_battalions" title="Ukrainian territorial defence battalions">Territorial defense battalions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aidar_Battalion" title="Aidar Battalion">Aidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="39th Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Dnipro-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="40th Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Kryvbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Motorized_Infantry_Battalion_(Ukraine)" title="42nd Motorized Infantry Battalion (Ukraine)">Rukh Oporu</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Force" title="Ukrainian Air Force">Ukrainian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Air_Assault_Forces" title="Ukrainian Air Assault Forces">Ukrainian Air Assault Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Service_of_Ukraine" title="Security Service of Ukraine">Security Service of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Group_(Ukraine)" title="Alpha Group (Ukraine)">Alpha Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan_Press" title="Euromaidan Press">Euromaidan Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Border_Guard_Service_of_Ukraine" title="State Border Guard Service of Ukraine">State Border Guard Service of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_volunteer_battalions" title="Ukrainian volunteer battalions">Volunteer battalions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lead figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko" title="Petro Poroshenko">Petro Poroshenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Turchynov" title="Oleksandr Turchynov">Oleksandr Turchynov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arseniy_Yatsenyuk" title="Arseniy Yatsenyuk">Arseniy Yatsenyuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Groysman" title="Volodymyr Groysman">Volodymyr Groysman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Parubiy" title="Andriy Parubiy">Andriy Parubiy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsen_Avakov" title="Arsen Avakov">Arsen Avakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko" title="Vitali Klitschko">Vitali Klitschko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuriy_Lutsenko" title="Yuriy Lutsenko">Yuriy Lutsenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Nalyvaichenko" title="Valentyn Nalyvaichenko">Valentyn Nalyvaichenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valeriy_Heletey" title="Valeriy Heletey">Valeriy Heletey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Poltorak" title="Stepan Poltorak">Stepan Poltorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Koval" title="Mykhailo Koval">Mykhailo Koval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Kutsyn" title="Mykhailo Kutsyn">Mykhailo Kutsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Makhnitskyi" title="Oleh Makhnitskyi">Oleh Makhnitskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktor_Muzhenko" title="Viktor Muzhenko">Viktor Muzhenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Yarema" title="Vitaly Yarema">Vitaly Yarema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Liashko" title="Oleh Liashko">Oleh Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Dmytro Yarosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinat_Akhmetov" title="Rinat Akhmetov">Rinat Akhmetov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Kolomoyskyi" title="Ihor Kolomoyskyi">Ihor Kolomoyskyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serhiy_Taruta" title="Serhiy Taruta">Serhiy Taruta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ihor_Baluta" title="Ihor Baluta">Ihor Baluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semen_Semenchenko" title="Semen Semenchenko">Semen Semenchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennadiy_Moskal" title="Hennadiy Moskal">Hennadiy Moskal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadiya_Savchenko" title="Nadiya Savchenko">Nadiya Savchenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tuka" title="George Tuka">George Tuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Zhebrivskyi" title="Pavlo Zhebrivskyi">Pavlo Zhebrivskyi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42308#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1894" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42308#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1894" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42308#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146579428">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1209162/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt3X4qyXhy9ctpMfjhJXd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4009782-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80079585">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133265699">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133265699">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128917&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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