Link Scheduling Scheme with Shared Links and Virtual Tokens for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="No"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Link Scheduling Scheme with Shared Links and Virtual Tokens for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks | Mobile Networks and Applications</title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Link Scheduling Scheme with Shared Links and Virtual Tokens for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Mobile Networks and Applications - Industrial wireless sensor networks can help improve the efficiency, reconfigurability and flexibility of future factories, and facilitate the introduction of new..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11036-016-0727-3/MediaObjects/11036_2016_727_Fig1_HTML.gif"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="11036"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Link Scheduling Scheme with Shared Links and Virtual Tokens for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Mobile Networks and Applications 2016 22:6"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2016-04-26"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="Industrial wireless sensor networks can help improve the efficiency, reconfigurability and flexibility of future factories, and facilitate the introduction of new applications. Industrial applications are generally characterized with strict reliability and latency requirements. The capacity to meet such requirements is highly dependent on an efficient utilization of communication links. Such efficient utilization will become even more critical as the number of deployed sensors and traffic in factories increase. In this context, this paper presents a novel link scheduling scheme for industrial wireless sensor networks that uses shared links among nodes that are part of the same path or multi-hop route. The transmission of a message along a route acts as a virtual token to identify which node should use the shared links at each point in time. This study demonstrates that the proposed link scheduling scheme can significantly improve the reliability, latency and efficiency of industrial wireless sensor networks. The proposed link scheduling scheme is here applied to industrial wireless sensor networks, but it can be used in other centralized TDMA-based multi-hop wireless networks."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="1572-8153"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Mobile Networks and Applications"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2016-04-26"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="22"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="6"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="1083"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="1099"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Mobile Networks and Applications"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Mobile Netw Appl"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Springer US"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1572-8153"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Link Scheduling Scheme with Shared Links and Virtual Tokens for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="22"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="6"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2017/12"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2016/04/26"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1083"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="1099"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Article"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3"/> <meta name="size" content="358945"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="Industrial wireless sensor networks can help improve the efficiency, reconfigurability and flexibility of future factories, and facilitate the introduction"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Montero, Sergio"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Gozalvez, Javier"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Sepulcre, Miguel"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Communications Engineering, Networks"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Computer Communication Networks"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Electrical Engineering"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="IT in Business"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=IEEE Trans Ind Inf; 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Industrial applications are generally characterized with strict reliability and latency requirements. The capacity to meet such requirements is highly dependent on an efficient utilization of communication links. Such efficient utilization will become even more critical as the number of deployed sensors and traffic in factories increase. In this context, this paper presents a novel link scheduling scheme for industrial wireless sensor networks that uses shared links among nodes that are part of the same path or multi-hop route. The transmission of a message along a route acts as a virtual token to identify which node should use the shared links at each point in time. This study demonstrates that the proposed link scheduling scheme can significantly improve the reliability, latency and efficiency of industrial wireless sensor networks. The proposed link scheduling scheme is here applied to industrial wireless sensor networks, but it can be used in other centralized TDMA-based multi-hop wireless networks."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs11036-016-0727-3/MediaObjects/11036_2016_727_Fig1_HTML.gif"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link rel="shortcut icon" data-test="shortcut-icon" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-c6d59aafac.ico> <meta 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Industrial applications are generally characterized with strict reliability and latency requirements. The capacity to meet such requirements is highly dependent on an efficient utilization of communication links. Such efficient utilization will become even more critical as the number of deployed sensors and traffic in factories increase. In this context, this paper presents a novel link scheduling scheme for industrial wireless sensor networks that uses shared links among nodes that are part of the same path or multi-hop route. The transmission of a message along a route acts as a virtual token to identify which node should use the shared links at each point in time. This study demonstrates that the proposed link scheduling scheme can significantly improve the reliability, latency and efficiency of industrial wireless sensor networks. 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Networks and Applications</span> </a> <a href="https://link.springer.com/journal/11036/aims-and-scope" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_aims_and_scope" data-track-action="aims and scope" data-track-context="article page" data-track-label="link"> Aims and scope <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> <a href="https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/11036/3" class="app-article-masthead__submission-link" data-track="click_submit_manuscript" data-track-context="article masthead on springerlink article page" data-track-action="submit manuscript" data-track-label="link"> Submit manuscript <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="u-serif js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Sergio-Montero-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Sergio-Montero-Aff1" data-author-search="Montero, Sergio" data-corresp-id="c1">Sergio Montero<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a 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body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>Industrial wireless sensor networks can help improve the efficiency, reconfigurability and flexibility of future factories, and facilitate the introduction of new applications. Industrial applications are generally characterized with strict reliability and latency requirements. The capacity to meet such requirements is highly dependent on an efficient utilization of communication links. Such efficient utilization will become even more critical as the number of deployed sensors and traffic in factories increase. In this context, this paper presents a novel link scheduling scheme for industrial wireless sensor networks that uses shared links among nodes that are part of the same path or multi-hop route. The transmission of a message along a route acts as a virtual token to identify which node should use the shared links at each point in time. This study demonstrates that the proposed link scheduling scheme can significantly improve the reliability, latency and efficiency of industrial wireless sensor networks. The proposed link scheduling scheme is here applied to industrial wireless sensor networks, but it can be used in other centralized TDMA-based multi-hop wireless networks.</p></div></div></section> <div class="c-notes"> <p class="c-notes__text c-status-message--info"> <svg width="24" height="24" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="c-status-message__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium"></use> </svg> This is a preview of subscription content, <a id="test-login-banner-link" href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs11036-016-0727-3%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3Db1bf19a5-a1b6-44e6-9fbc-d05608c8ae0f" data-track="click" data-track-action="login" data-track-label="link" class="c-preview-message__link">log in via an institution</a> <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon c-external-link__icon"> 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data-track-label="10.1007/s11276-019-02045-z">Power-efficient and interference-free link scheduling algorithms for connected wireless sensor networks </a> </h3> <div class="c-article-meta-recommendations" data-test="recommendation-info"> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__item-type">Article</span> <span class="c-article-meta-recommendations__date">08 June 2019</span> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ recommendations: { recommender: 'semantic', model: 'specter', policy_id: 'NA', timestamp: 1732958453, embedded_user: 'null' } }); </script> <section data-title="Notes"><div class="c-article-section" id="notes-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="notes">Notes</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="notes-content"><ol class="c-article-footnote c-article-footnote--listed"><li class="c-article-footnote--listed__item" id="Fn1" data-counter="1."><div class="c-article-footnote--listed__content"><p>Each node gets into reception mode in a different link. For example, node B gets into reception mode in <i>l</i> <sub> <i>1</i> </sub>, while C and D do it in <i>l</i> <sub> <i>2</i> </sub> and <i>l</i> <sub> <i>3</i> </sub> respectively.</p></div></li><li class="c-article-footnote--listed__item" id="Fn2" data-counter="2."><div class="c-article-footnote--listed__content"><p>If the second transmission would have been erroneous, node A will have tried for the third time the transmission of the message to node B using <i>l</i> <sub> <i>3</i> </sub>. If this transmission would have been correct, then node B would have transmitted the message to node C using <i>l</i> <sub> <i>4</i> </sub> <i>.</i> </p></div></li><li class="c-article-footnote--listed__item" id="Fn3" data-counter="3."><div class="c-article-footnote--listed__content"><p>For example, if a scheme delivers very few messages to the destination node, it will consume less energy than a scheme that delivers most of the messages to the destination since fewer transmissions will take place.</p></div></li><li class="c-article-footnote--listed__item" id="Fn4" data-counter="4."><div class="c-article-footnote--listed__content"><p>It is important to remember that when RTE is configured with two links per hop, it will not be able to deliver the message to the destination node if there are more than two transmission errors.</p></div></li><li class="c-article-footnote--listed__item" id="Fn5" data-counter="5."><div class="c-article-footnote--listed__content"><p>When <i>R</i> is equal to 3, we will need to add an additional term that results from the multiplication of <i>P</i> <sub> <i>3-rtx</i> </sub> (Eq. (<a data-track="click" data-track-label="link" data-track-action="equation anchor" href="/article/10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3#Equ8">8</a>)) by its corresponding delay (<i>H + 3</i>) divided by <i>PDR</i> <sub> <i>E2E</i> </sub>. The <i>D</i> <sub> <i>E2E</i> </sub> expression is not shown here due to its complexity.</p></div></li><li class="c-article-footnote--listed__item" id="Fn6" data-counter="6."><div class="c-article-footnote--listed__content"><p>This restriction aims to represent the fact that in factories, the mobility of nodes is generally limited to their working environment, e.g. workers usually move around the machinery they manipulate.</p></div></li><li class="c-article-footnote--listed__item" id="Fn7" data-counter="7."><div class="c-article-footnote--listed__content"><p>The results are obtained considering the same <i>PDR</i> <sub> <i>i</i> </sub> value for each hop in the path.</p></div></li><li class="c-article-footnote--listed__item" id="Fn8" data-counter="8."><div class="c-article-footnote--listed__content"><p>In fact, LIKUID always outperforms RTE independently of the number of hops in a path when <i>R</i> is equal or higher than 2.</p></div></li><li class="c-article-footnote--listed__item" id="Fn9" data-counter="9."><div class="c-article-footnote--listed__content"><p>LIKUID<sub>4</sub> assigns the same total number of links for the path as HbH and RTE in scenario 2. LIKUID<sub>3</sub> assigned the same total number of links for the path as HbH and RTE in scenario 1.</p></div></li></ol></div></div></section><div id="MagazineFulltextArticleBodySuffix"><section aria-labelledby="Bib1" data-title="References"><div class="c-article-section" id="Bib1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Bib1">References</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Bib1-content"><div data-container-section="references"><ol class="c-article-references" data-track-component="outbound reference" data-track-context="references section"><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="1."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR1">Hancke G, Gungor V, Hancke G (2014) Guest editorial special section on industrial wireless sensor networks. 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IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 7(7):2740–2751. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2008.070143" data-track="click_references" data-track-action="external reference" data-track-value="external reference" data-track-label="10.1109/TWC.2008.070143">10.1109/TWC.2008.070143</a> </p><p class="c-article-references__links u-hide-print"><a data-track="click_references" rel="nofollow noopener" data-track-label="10.1109/TWC.2008.070143" data-track-item_id="10.1109/TWC.2008.070143" data-track-value="article reference" data-track-action="article reference" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTWC.2008.070143" aria-label="Article reference 19" data-doi="10.1109/TWC.2008.070143">Article</a> <a data-track="click_references" data-track-action="google scholar reference" data-track-value="google scholar reference" data-track-label="link" data-track-item_id="link" rel="nofollow noopener" aria-label="Google Scholar reference 19" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?&title=The%20industrial%20indoor%20channel%3A%20large-scale%20and%20temporal%20fading%20at%20900%2C%202400%2C%20and%205200%20MHz&journal=IEEE%20Trans%20Wirel%20Commun&doi=10.1109%2FTWC.2008.070143&volume=7&issue=7&pages=2740-2751&publication_year=2008&author=Tanghe%2CE&author=Joseph%2CW"> Google Scholar</a> </p></li></ol><p class="c-article-references__download u-hide-print"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="download citation references" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3?format=refman&flavour=references">Download references<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p></div></div></div></section></div><section data-title="Acknowledgments"><div class="c-article-section" id="Ack1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Ack1">Acknowledgments</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Ack1-content"><p>This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds under the project TEC2014-57146-R, and by the Local Government of Valencia with reference ACIF/2013/060.</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">UWICORE, Ubiquitous Wireless Communications Research Laboratory, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche (UMH), Elche, Alicante, Spain</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">Sergio Montero, Javier Gozalvez & Miguel Sepulcre</p></li></ol><div class="u-js-hide u-hide-print" data-test="author-info"><span class="c-article__sub-heading">Authors</span><ol class="c-article-authors-search u-list-reset"><li id="auth-Sergio-Montero-Aff1"><span class="c-article-authors-search__title u-h3 js-search-name">Sergio Montero</span><div class="c-article-authors-search__list"><div class="c-article-authors-search__item c-article-authors-search__list-item--left"><a href="/search?dc.creator=Sergio%20Montero" class="c-article-button" data-track="click" data-track-action="author link - 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id="citeas">Cite this article</h3><p class="c-bibliographic-information__citation">Montero, S., Gozalvez, J. & Sepulcre, M. Link Scheduling Scheme with Shared Links and Virtual Tokens for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks. <i>Mobile Netw Appl</i> <b>22</b>, 1083–1099 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3</p><p class="c-bibliographic-information__download-citation u-hide-print"><a data-test="citation-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="download article citation" data-track-label="link" data-track-external="" rel="nofollow" href="https://citation-needed.springer.com/v2/references/10.1007/s11036-016-0727-3?format=refman&flavour=citation">Download citation<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-download-medium"></use></svg></a></p><ul class="c-bibliographic-information__list" data-test="publication-history"><li class="c-bibliographic-information__list-item"><p>Published<span class="u-hide">: </span><span class="c-bibliographic-information__value"><time 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class="c-article-subject-list"><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Industrial%20wireless%20sensor%20networks&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Industrial wireless sensor networks</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Scheduling&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Scheduling</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Link%20scheduling&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Link scheduling</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=WirelessHART&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">WirelessHART</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=ISA100.11a&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">ISA100.11a</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Shared%20links&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Shared links</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Virtual%20tokens&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Virtual tokens</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Centralized%20TDMA&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Centralized TDMA</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=TDMA&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">TDMA</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Multi-hop%20wireless%20networks&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Multi-hop wireless networks</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Reliability&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Reliability</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Latency&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Latency</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Energy%20consumption&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Energy consumption</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Factories%20of%20the%20future&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Factories of the future</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Industry%204.0&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Industry 4.0</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Industrial%20wireless%20communications&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Industrial wireless communications</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Industrial%20wireless%20networks&facet-discipline="Engineering"" data-track="click" 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