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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-表型定义的演变过程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#表型定义的演变过程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>表型定义的演变过程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-表型定义的演变过程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">表現型</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。75种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotipe" title="Fenotipe – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fenotipe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B7_%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="نمط ظاهري – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نمط ظاهري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotipu" title="Fenotipu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Fenotipu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%AA" title="ڕووخسارەبابەت – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووخسارەبابەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotyp" title="Fenotyp – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fenotyp" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A6notype" title="Fænotype – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fænotype" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A4notyp" title="Phänotyp – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phänotyp" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Φαινότυπος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φαινότυπος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phenotype" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotipo" title="Fenotipo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fenotipo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotipo" title="Fenotipo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fenotipo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenot%C3%BC%C3%BCp" title="Fenotüüp – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fenotüüp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotipo" title="Fenotipo – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fenotipo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%BE" title="فنوتیپ – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فنوتیپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotyyppi" title="Fenotyyppi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fenotyyppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A9notype" title="Phénotype – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phénotype" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feinit%C3%ADopa" title="Feinitíopa – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Feinitíopa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotipo" title="Fenotipo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Fenotipo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%9F_(%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)#מושגים_בסיסיים" title="גן (ביולוגיה) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גן (ביולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenot%C3%ADpus" title="Fenotípus – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fenotípus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BA" title="Ֆենոտիպ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆենոտիպ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotipe" title="Fenotipe – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fenotipe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotipo" title="Fenotipo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fenotipo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svipfar" title="Svipfar – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Svipfar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotipo" title="Fenotipo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fenotipo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B" title="表現型 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="表現型" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="ფენოტიპი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფენოტიპი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumanawt" title="Tumanawt – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tumanawt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%91%9C%ED%98%84%ED%98%95" title="표현형 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="표현형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenot%C3%AEp" title="Fenotîp – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fenotîp" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotyp" title="Phenotyp – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Phenotyp" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotips" title="Fenotips – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fenotips" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A4notyyp" title="Phänotyyp – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Phänotyyp" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotype" title="Fenotype – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fenotype" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotype" title="Fenotype – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fenotype" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotipe" title="Fenotipe – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fenotipe" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotyp" title="Fenotyp – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fenotyp" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%90%D9%86%D9%88%D9%BC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE" title="فېنوټایپ – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فېنوټایپ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fen%C3%B3tipo" title="Fenótipo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fenótipo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenoteep" title="Phenoteep – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Phenoteep" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Phenotype" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotyp" title="Fenotyp – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fenotyp" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A4notyp" title="Phänotyp – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Phänotyp" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotyp" title="Fenotyp – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fenotyp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="தோற்றவமைப்பு – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோற்றவமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8F" title="รูปแบบปรากฏ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูปแบบปรากฏ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penotipo" title="Penotipo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Penotipo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Фенотип – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фенотип" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D8%B8%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="طرز ظاہری – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طرز ظاہری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenotip" title="Fenotip – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fenotip" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%E1%BB%83u_h%C3%ACnh" title="Kiểu hình – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kiểu hình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%9E%8B" title="表型 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="表型" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A1u-hi%C4%81n-h%C3%AAng" title="Piáu-hiān-hêng – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Piáu-hiān-hêng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B" title="表現型 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="表現型" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q104053#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B" title="浏览条目正文[c]" 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E5%9E%8B&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="表型">表型</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coquina_variation3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coquina_variation3.jpg/220px-Coquina_variation3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coquina_variation3.jpg/330px-Coquina_variation3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Coquina_variation3.jpg/440px-Coquina_variation3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E6%AE%BC" title="貝殼">貝殼</a>的不同紋理</figcaption></figure> <p><b>表現型</b>（英語：<span lang="en"><b>Phenotype</b></span>），或稱<b>表型</b>，对于一個<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>而言，表示它某一特定的物理外觀或成分。一個人是否有耳珠、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>的高度、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人">人</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%9E%8B" title="血型">血型</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%BE" title="蛾">蛾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%8F%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="顏色">顏色</a>等等，都是表型的例子。由丹麦遗传学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E6%A3%AE" title="威廉·约翰森">威廉·约翰森</a>最先提出。 </p><p>表型主要受生物的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%9E%8B" title="基因型">基因型</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="環境">環境</a>影響，可分為連續變異或不連續變異的。前者較易受環境因素影響，基因型上則會受多個<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E4%BD%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="等位基因">等位基因</a>影響，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E9%87%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="體重">體重</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%8A%9B" title="智力">智力</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BA%AB%E9%AB%98" class="mw-redirect" title="身高">身高</a>；後者僅受幾個等位基因影響，而且很少會被環境改變，如血型、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%9D%9B%E9%A1%8F%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="眼睛顏色">眼睛顏色</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C_(%E8%A1%A8%E6%83%85)" title="卷舌 (表情)">捲舌</a>的能力。對於不連續<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E5%BC%82" class="mw-redirect" title="变异">變異</a>，若有兩個生物表現型相同，其基因型未必一樣，這是因為其中一方可能有<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E6%80%A7%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="隱性基因">隱性基因</a>。 </p><p>表型變異是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%93%87" class="mw-redirect" title="天擇">天擇</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E6%93%87" class="mw-redirect" title="性擇">性擇</a>成立的重要條件。如果表型都一樣，<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群">族群</a>只能依<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="突變">突變</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%82%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="漂变">漂變</a>等機制<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="演化">演化</a>。 </p><p>早期的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="遺傳學">遺傳學</a>家欠缺<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="分子生物學">分子生物學</a>技術，無從直接觀察<a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a>構造，生物和其後代的表型就是他們判別其基因型的工具。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="表型定义的演变过程"><span id=".E8.A1.A8.E5.9E.8B.E5.AE.9A.E4.B9.89.E7.9A.84.E6.BC.94.E5.8F.98.E8.BF.87.E7.A8.8B"></span>表型定义的演变过程</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：表型定义的演变过程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1. 经典定义：在最早的定义中，表型主要是指观察到的宏观性状。例如，豌豆的色彩、果蝇的眼睛颜色或花的形状。 </p><p>2. 生化和分子生物学的崛起：随着科技的进步，尤其是生化和分子生物学的发展，表型的定义逐渐扩展。开始包括了生化路径、酶活性、蛋白质结构和功能等生化特征。 </p><p>3. 基因组时代：随着分子生物学技术，特别是基因测序技术的发展，科学家们开始有能力直接观察和测量基因型。表型的定义进一步扩展，涵盖了分子标记物、基因表达模式和其他在分子层面上的性状。 </p><p>4. 系统生物学：在21世纪初，随着系统生物学的崛起，表型被看作是多个层次上的集成结果，从基因、蛋白质到细胞、组织和整个生物体。这意味着表型可以在多个层次上进行描述，从单个基因或蛋白质的功能，到整个细胞、器官或生物体的功能和性状。 </p><p>总结起来，表型的定义已从仅仅描述宏观的、观察到的特征扩展到了更为复杂和详细的生物学特性，包括那些需要先进技术进行检测的性状。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Punnett_square_mendel_flowers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Punnett_square_mendel_flowers.svg/220px-Punnett_square_mendel_flowers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Punnett_square_mendel_flowers.svg/330px-Punnett_square_mendel_flowers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Punnett_square_mendel_flowers.svg/440px-Punnett_square_mendel_flowers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%A8%E7%8F%BE%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jax.org/phenome">Mouse Phenome Database</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121126232338/http://www.jax.org/phenome">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org">Human Phenotype Ontology</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200510223649/http://www.human-phenotype-ontology.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europhenome.org">Europhenome: Access to raw and annotated mouse phenotype data</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070426154232/http://www.europhenome.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Genarch" title="Template:Genarch"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Genarch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Genarch（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Genarch" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Genarch"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="表型发育" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">表型</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="发育生物学">发育</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">基础概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基因型-表型的区别" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genotype–phenotype distinction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%9E%8B-%E8%A1%A8%E5%9E%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因型-表型的区别（页面不存在）">基因型-表型的区别</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genotype%E2%80%93phenotype_distinction" class="extiw" title="en:Genotype–phenotype distinction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genotype–phenotype distinction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反应规范" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reaction norm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反应规范（页面不存在）">反应规范</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_norm" class="extiw" title="en:Reaction norm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reaction norm</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基因-環境相互作用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gene–environment interaction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0-%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因-環境相互作用（页面不存在）">基因-環境相互作用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%E2%80%93environment_interaction" class="extiw" title="en:Gene–environment interaction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gene–environment interaction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基因和环境之间的关联" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gene–environment correlation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%92%8C%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E8%81%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因和环境之间的关联（页面不存在）">基因和环境之间的关联</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%E2%80%93environment_correlation" class="extiw" title="en:Gene–environment correlation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gene–environment correlation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E7%B8%B1%E5%AD%90" title="操縱子">操作子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%BA%A6" title="遗传度">遗传度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%AD%A6" title="定量遗传学">定量遗传学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="异时发生" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heterochrony"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E6%97%B6%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异时发生（页面不存在）">异时发生</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterochrony" class="extiw" title="en:Heterochrony"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heterochrony</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BC%E6%80%81%E5%BB%B6%E7%BB%AD" title="幼态延续">幼态延续</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="异位性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heterotopy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%82%E4%BD%8D%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="异位性（页面不存在）">异位性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotopy" class="extiw" title="en:Heterotopy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heterotopy</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基因架构" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetic architecture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因架构（页面不存在）">基因架构</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_architecture" class="extiw" title="en:Genetic architecture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetic architecture</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遗传渠化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Canalisation (genetics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E6%B8%A0%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗传渠化（页面不存在）">遗传渠化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canalisation_(genetics)" class="extiw" title="en:Canalisation (genetics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Canalisation (genetics)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遗传同化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Genetic assimilation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%90%8C%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遗传同化（页面不存在）">遗传同化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_assimilation" class="extiw" title="en:Genetic assimilation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Genetic assimilation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E6%80%A7" title="显性">显性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E4%BD%8D%E6%98%BE%E6%80%A7" title="异位显性">异位显性</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="适应度地形" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fitness landscape"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E5%BA%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%BD%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="适应度地形（页面不存在）">适应度地形</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitness_landscape" class="extiw" title="en:Fitness landscape"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fitness landscape</span></a></span>）</span></span> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="进化景观" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary landscape"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="进化景观（页面不存在）">进化景观</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_landscape" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary landscape"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary landscape</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%A4%9A%E6%95%88%E6%80%A7" title="基因多效性">基因多效性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%AF%E5%A1%91%E6%80%A7" title="表型可塑性">表型可塑性</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多基因遗传（页面不存在）">多基因遗传</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超亲遗传分离" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transgressive segregation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E4%BA%B2%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超亲遗传分离（页面不存在）">超亲遗传分离</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgressive_segregation" class="extiw" title="en:Transgressive segregation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transgressive segregation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="序列空间" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sequence space (evolution)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="序列空间（页面不存在）">序列空间</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_space_(evolution)" class="extiw" title="en:Sequence space (evolution)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sequence space (evolution)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非遗传因素的影响</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%80%E9%81%BA%E5%82%B3%E5%AD%B8" title="表觀遺傳學">表觀遺傳學</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E8%A7%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%B5%84" title="表觀基因組">表觀基因組</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E4%BD%93%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="母体效应">母体效应</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E7%B5%84%E9%8A%98%E5%8D%B0" title="基因組銘印">基因組銘印</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="双继承理论">双继承理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%81%97%E4%BC%A0%E5%A4%9A%E5%9E%8B%E6%80%A7" title="非遗传多型性">非遗传多型性</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">发育架构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="发育生物学">发育生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F" title="形态发生">形态发生</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E7%8B%80%E6%96%91%E9%BB%9E" title="眼狀斑點">眼狀斑點</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模式形成" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pattern formation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模式形成（页面不存在）">模式形成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_formation" class="extiw" title="en:Pattern formation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pattern formation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分節" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Segmentation (biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分節（页面不存在）">分節</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmentation_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Segmentation (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Segmentation (biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="分节" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Metamerism (biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分节（页面不存在）">分节</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamerism_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Metamerism (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Metamerism (biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="生物模块化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Modularity (biology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物模块化（页面不存在）">生物模块化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modularity_(biology)" class="extiw" title="en:Modularity (biology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Modularity (biology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">遗传系统的进化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="演化能力" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolvability"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="演化能力（页面不存在）">演化能力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolvability" class="extiw" title="en:Evolvability"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolvability</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="进化鲁棒性" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Robustness (evolution)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E9%B2%81%E6%A3%92%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="进化鲁棒性（页面不存在）">进化鲁棒性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robustness_(evolution)" class="extiw" title="en:Robustness (evolution)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Robustness (evolution)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中性网络" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neutral network (evolution)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E6%80%A7%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中性网络（页面不存在）">中性网络</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_network_(evolution)" class="extiw" title="en:Neutral network (evolution)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neutral network (evolution)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="演化發育生物學">有性繁殖的进化</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">对发育的控制</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">系统</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E8%B0%83%E6%8E%A7" title="基因表达调控">基因表达调控</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="基因調控網路" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gene regulatory network"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E8%AA%BF%E6%8E%A7%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="基因調控網路（页面不存在）">基因調控網路</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_regulatory_network" class="extiw" title="en:Gene regulatory network"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gene regulatory network</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E5%8C%85%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="工具包基因">工具包基因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E7%99%BC%E8%82%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8" title="演化發育生物學">演化發育生物學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E6%A1%86" title="同源框">同源框</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E7%8C%AC%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="刺猬信号通路">刺猬信号通路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notch%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E9%80%9A%E8%B7%AF" title="Notch信号通路">Notch信号通路</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="同源基因">同源基因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E5%BC%82%E5%BD%A2%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="同源异形基因">同源异形基因</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pax基因" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pax genes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pax%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pax基因（页面不存在）">Pax基因</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax_genes" class="extiw" title="en:Pax genes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pax genes</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PAX6" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PAX6"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PAX6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PAX6（页面不存在）">PAX6</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX6" class="extiw" title="en:PAX6"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PAX6</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=DLX%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%AE%B6%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DLX基因家族（页面不存在）">DLX基因家族</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engrailed(gene)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Engrailed(gene)（页面不存在）">Engrailed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="顺式作用元件">顺式作用元件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E9%AB%94_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8)" title="配體 (生物化學)">配体</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="形態發生" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Morphogen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%8F%91%E7%94%9F" title="形态发生">形态素</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphogen" class="extiw" title="en:Morphogen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Morphogen</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%97%E4%BD%93_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="受体 (生物化学)">细胞表面受体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="转录因子">转录因子</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有影响力的人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E4%B8%81%E9%A1%BF" title="康拉德·哈尔·沃丁顿">康拉德·哈尔·沃丁顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%99%86%E6%96%87%E9%A1%BF" title="理查德·陆文顿">理查德·陆文顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E8%B3%88%E5%85%8B%E6%9F%8F" title="方斯華·賈克柏">方斯華·賈克柏</a> + <a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%AB%BE" title="賈克·莫諾">賈克·莫諾</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E7%B3%96%E6%93%8D%E7%B8%B1%E5%AD%90" title="乳糖操縱子">乳糖操縱子</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%96%AC%E6%96%AF" title="艾瑞克·威斯喬斯">艾瑞克·威斯喬斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80%C2%B7%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97-%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="克里斯汀·紐斯林-沃爾哈德">克里斯汀·紐斯林-沃爾哈德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_McGinnis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William McGinnis（页面不存在）">William McGinnis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Levine_(biologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Levine (biologist)（页面不存在）">Mike Levine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%96%E6%81%A9%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94" title="肖恩·B·卡罗尔">肖恩·B·卡罗尔</a> <ul><li>《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无尽之形最美" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Endless Forms Most Beautiful (book)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E5%B0%BD%E4%B9%8B%E5%BD%A2%E6%9C%80%E7%BE%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无尽之形最美（页面不存在）">无尽之形最美——动物建造和演化的奥秘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endless_Forms_Most_Beautiful_(book)" class="extiw" title="en:Endless Forms Most Beautiful (book)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Endless Forms Most Beautiful (book)</span></a></span>）</span></span>》</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">争议</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8E%E5%90%8E%E5%A4%A9" title="先天与后天">先天与后天</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="形态形成场" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Morphogenetic field"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A2%E6%80%81%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E5%9C%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="形态形成场（页面不存在）">形态形成场</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphogenetic_field" class="extiw" title="en:Morphogenetic field"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Morphogenetic field</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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