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id="toc-1902–1985:_International_Harvester" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1902–1985:_International_Harvester"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1902–1985: International Harvester</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1902–1985:_International_Harvester-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1985–1991:_Transition_from_agricultural_roots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1985–1991:_Transition_from_agricultural_roots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1985–1991: Transition from agricultural roots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1985–1991:_Transition_from_agricultural_roots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2000s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Purchase_of_Workhorse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purchase_of_Workhorse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Purchase of Workhorse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purchase_of_Workhorse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>2010s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Move_to_Lisle,_Illinois" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Move_to_Lisle,_Illinois"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Move to Lisle, Illinois</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Move_to_Lisle,_Illinois-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tension_mounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tension_mounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Tension mounts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tension_mounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Layoffs_and_consolidation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layoffs_and_consolidation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.3</span> <span>Layoffs and consolidation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Layoffs_and_consolidation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cost-cutting_and_divestitures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cost-cutting_and_divestitures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.4</span> <span>Cost-cutting and divestitures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cost-cutting_and_divestitures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GM_and_Navistar_reach_commercial_vehicle_agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GM_and_Navistar_reach_commercial_vehicle_agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.5</span> <span>GM and Navistar reach commercial vehicle agreement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GM_and_Navistar_reach_commercial_vehicle_agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategic_partnership_with_Traton_SE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategic_partnership_with_Traton_SE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.6</span> <span>Strategic partnership with Traton SE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategic_partnership_with_Traton_SE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>2020s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Navistar_becomes_part_of_Traton" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navistar_becomes_part_of_Traton"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>Navistar becomes part of Traton</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navistar_becomes_part_of_Traton-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navistar_partnered_TuSimple_to_develop_robot_truck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navistar_partnered_TuSimple_to_develop_robot_truck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>Navistar partnered TuSimple to develop robot truck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navistar_partnered_TuSimple_to_develop_robot_truck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navistar_rebranded_to_International_Motors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navistar_rebranded_to_International_Motors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.3</span> <span>Navistar rebranded to International Motors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navistar_rebranded_to_International_Motors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Corporate operations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Corporate operations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_Trucks_(1986–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_Trucks_(1986–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>International Trucks (1986–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_Trucks_(1986–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IC_Bus_(2002–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IC_Bus_(2002–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>IC Bus (2002–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IC_Bus_(2002–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MWM_International_Motores_(2005–2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MWM_International_Motores_(2005–2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>MWM International Motores (2005–2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MWM_International_Motores_(2005–2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engines_(1986–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engines_(1986–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Engines (1986–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engines_(1986–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plug-in_electric_vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plug-in_electric_vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Plug-in electric vehicles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plug-in_electric_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plug-in_hybrid_electric_bus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plug-in_hybrid_electric_bus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Plug-in hybrid electric bus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plug-in_hybrid_electric_bus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-eStar_electric_van" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#eStar_electric_van"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>eStar electric van</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-eStar_electric_van-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navistar_Defense_LLC_(2003–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navistar_Defense_LLC_(2003–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Navistar Defense LLC (2003–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navistar_Defense_LLC_(2003–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Joint ventures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Joint_ventures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Joint ventures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Joint_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_Motors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_Motors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>General Motors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_Motors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ford_Motor_Company" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ford_Motor_Company"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Ford Motor Company</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ford_Motor_Company-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ford_diesel_V8_engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ford_diesel_V8_engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.1</span> <span>Ford diesel V8 engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ford_diesel_V8_engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blue_Diamond_Truck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blue_Diamond_Truck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1.2</span> <span>Blue Diamond Truck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blue_Diamond_Truck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anhui_Jianghuai_Navistar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anhui_Jianghuai_Navistar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Anhui Jianghuai Navistar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anhui_Jianghuai_Navistar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mahindra_Navistar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mahindra_Navistar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Mahindra Navistar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mahindra_Navistar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DINA/DIMEX_Navistar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DINA/DIMEX_Navistar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>DINA/DIMEX Navistar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DINA/DIMEX_Navistar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accounting_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accounting_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Accounting issues</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accounting_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Failed_engine_strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Failed_engine_strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Failed engine strategy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Failed_engine_strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-conformance_penalties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-conformance_penalties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Non-conformance penalties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-conformance_penalties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues_(MaxxForce_engines)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues_(MaxxForce_engines)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Legal issues (MaxxForce engines)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues_(MaxxForce_engines)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Facilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corporate_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Corporate facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corporate_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Manufacturing facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Former facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">International Motors</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نافيستار الدولية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نافيستار الدولية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نویستار اینترنشنال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نویستار اینترنشنال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_International" title="Navistar International – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Navistar International" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar" title="Navistar – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Navistar" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar" title="Navistar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Navistar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_International" title="Navistar International – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Navistar International" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نویستار اینترنشنال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نویستار اینترنشنال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_International" title="Navistar International – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Navistar International" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EB%B9%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80_%EC%9D%B8%ED%84%B0%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90" title="나비스타 인터내셔널 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나비스타 인터내셔널" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_International" title="Navistar International – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Navistar International" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_International_Corporation" title="Navistar International Corporation – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Navistar International Corporation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%83%93%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB" title="ナビスター・インターナショナル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナビスター・インターナショナル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_International_Corporation" title="Navistar International Corporation – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Navistar International Corporation" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_International" title="Navistar International – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Navistar International" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a 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тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A4%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%B5" title="ناڤیستار ئینتەرناشناڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناڤیستار ئینتەرناشناڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar" title="Navistar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Navistar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_International" title="Navistar International – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Navistar International" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navistar_International" title="Navistar International – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Navistar International" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="International Motors" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Trucks&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="International Trucks">International Trucks</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American industrial company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MaxxForce" redirects here. For the roller coaster at Six Flags Great America, see <a href="/wiki/Maxx_Force" title="Maxx Force">Maxx Force</a>. For the line of toy weapons, see <a href="/wiki/Max_Force" title="Max Force">Max Force</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about International brand trucks produced since 1986. For International Harvester vehicles, see <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a>. For the successor farm equipment company, see <a href="/wiki/Case_IH" title="Case IH">Case IH</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">International Motors, LLC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Motors_Logo,_October_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/International_Motors_Logo%2C_October_2024.svg/300px-International_Motors_Logo%2C_October_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/International_Motors_Logo%2C_October_2024.svg/450px-International_Motors_Logo%2C_October_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/International_Motors_Logo%2C_October_2024.svg/600px-International_Motors_Logo%2C_October_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4095" data-file-height="477" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navistar_headquarters.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Navistar_headquarters.jpg/250px-Navistar_headquarters.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Navistar_headquarters.jpg/375px-Navistar_headquarters.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Navistar_headquarters.jpg/500px-Navistar_headquarters.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">International Motors headquarters building in Lisle, Illinois, US</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>International Harvester Company (1902–1986)</li> <li>Navistar International Corporation (1986–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester Company">International Harvester Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1902<span class="noprint">; 122 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1902</span>)</span> (as International Harvester Company)</li><li>1986<span class="noprint">; 38 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1986</span>)</span> (as Navistar International Corporation)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Lisle,_Illinois" title="Lisle, Illinois">Lisle, Illinois</a>, U.S</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>North America</li><li>South America</li><li>Eastern Europe</li><li>Middle East</li><li>South Africa</li><li>Oceania</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>Mathias Carlbaum</li><li>(president & CEO)</li><li>Troy A. Clarke<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>(Executive Chairman)</li><li>Walter G. Borst</li><li>(Executive VP & CFO)</li><li>Samara A. Strycker</li><li>(Senior VP & Controller)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Truck" title="Truck">Trucks</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a> and <a href="/wiki/School_bus" title="School bus">school buses</a>,</li><li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a></li><li>and <a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">chassis</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$8.57 billion</li><li>(FY Oct. 31, 2017)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$415 million</li><li>(FY Oct. 31, 2017)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$55 million</li><li>(FY Oct. 31, 2017)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$6.14 billion</li><li>(FY Oct. 31, 2017)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> −US$4.57 billion</li><li>(FY Oct. 31, 2017)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li>~12,300</li><li>(FY Oct. 31, 2017)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.international.com">www<wbr />.international<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Footnotes / references</b><br /><sup id="cite_ref-10KOCT312017_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10KOCT312017-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>International Motors, LLC</b> (formerly <b>Navistar International Corporation</b>) is an American <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> created in 1986. The successor to the <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a> manufacturing company, International produces trucks and diesel engines under its own brand;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the company produces buses under the <a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC Bus</a> name. Since July 2021, the company has operated as an independent subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a>, which is the heavy-vehicle operations arm of the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a>. </p><p>International is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Lisle,_Illinois" title="Lisle, Illinois">Lisle, Illinois</a> and has its own executive leadership team.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company has 13,000 employees worldwide as of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-:3a_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International operates through a network of nearly 1,000 dealer outlets in the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Mexico and more than 60 dealers in 90 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:3a_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Navistar Defense LLC operates independently and is owned by <a href="/wiki/Cerberus_Capital_Management" title="Cerberus Capital Management">Cerberus Capital Management</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Confusing plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-confusing" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness">confusing or unclear</a> to readers</b>. In particular, poor overall chronological context; overemphasis on recent events in comparison to company history.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarify the section</a>. There might be a discussion about this on <a href="/wiki/Talk:International_Motors" title="Talk:International Motors">the talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1902–1985:_International_Harvester"><span id="1902.E2.80.931985:_International_Harvester"></span>1902–1985: International Harvester</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1902–1985: International Harvester"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a></div> <p>The merger of McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and the Deering Harvester Company in 1902 resulted in the formation of the International Harvester Company (IH) of <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>. In 1908, International introduced the <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Auto-Buggy" title="International Harvester Auto-Buggy">International Harvester Auto Wagon</a>, a forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup truck</a>. Over the next three-quarters of the 20th century, the company evolved to become a diversified vehicle manufacturer across many industries. In addition to agriculture and construction, International offered a range of trucks from consumer-grade pickup trucks (Light Line) to heavy-duty commercial trucks along with the first sport-utility vehicles (the <a href="/wiki/International_Travelall" title="International Travelall">Travelall</a> truck-based wagon and the offroad-oriented <a href="/wiki/International_Scout" title="International Scout">Scout</a>). Alongside its <a href="/wiki/Farmall" title="Farmall">Farmall</a> tractor brand, International introduced the <a href="/wiki/Cub_Cadet" title="Cub Cadet">Cub Cadet</a> brand of lawn and garden tractors and power equipment for home use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1985–1991:_Transition_from_agricultural_roots"><span id="1985.E2.80.931991:_Transition_from_agricultural_roots"></span>1985–1991: Transition from agricultural roots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1985–1991: Transition from agricultural roots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early to mid 1980s, International Harvester fell on hard times during the poor agricultural economy of the times; the company had never recovered from <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_strike_of_1979%E2%80%931980" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester strike of 1979–1980">a 172-day strike during 1979–1980</a>. New chairman and CEO <a href="/wiki/Louis_W._Menk" title="Louis W. Menk">Louis W. Menk</a> hired a new team of management for International, including CEO Donald Lennox, and as part of a new reorganization program, Menk and Lennox ensured that the company divested many of its historical business divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some divisions were sold to stave off losses, other profitable divisions were also sold to generate much-needed revenue. The Construction Equipment Division was sold to <a href="/wiki/Dresser_Industries" title="Dresser Industries">Dresser Industries</a>; Solar (<a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine" title="Gas turbine">gas turbines</a>) Division to <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cub_Cadet" title="Cub Cadet">Cub Cadet</a> was sold (lawn and garden equipment) to <a href="/wiki/MTD_Products" class="mw-redirect" title="MTD Products">MTD Products</a>. In 1983, the company entered into a supply agreement with Ford Motor Company, with the Engine Division supplying the 6.9L <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_IDI" title="International Harvester IDI">IDI</a> diesel V8 for Ford full-size pickup trucks and vans; at the time, V8 diesels served as a fuel-efficient alternative to large-displacement gasoline V8 engines. With the 6.9L and its successor V8 engines, the supply agreement lasted through 2010. </p><p>At the beginning of 1985, the Agricultural Division was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Tenneco" title="Tenneco">Tenneco</a>, the parent company of company rival <a href="/wiki/Case_Corporation" title="Case Corporation">Case Corporation</a>; the IHC name and its logo were assets of the Agricultural Division, consequently part of the sale. Tenneco created the merged <a href="/wiki/Case_IH" title="Case IH">Case IH</a> (as both brands currently remain). Following the sale to Tenneco, all that remained of the company were the International Truck and Engine Divisions. In response to the sale of its own brand and logo, International Harvester reintroduced itself on February 20, 1986, as Navistar International Corporation (combining "Navi-" of Navigation and "Star" from multiple truck lines). Navistar International became the parent company of International Truck and Engine Corporation (the previous Truck and Engine Division), with an orange-red diamond logo replacing the IH "tractor" logo. In 1987, International introduced the 8300, marking a second generation of the <a href="/wiki/International_S_series" title="International S series">International S series</a>. Designated as the "Thousand Series" by the marketplace,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 8300 was joined by additional Class 7/8 tractors and by the 4000-series medium-duty trucks in 1989. To upgrade fuel economy, the Thousand-Series trucks received an aerodynamic hood with faired in headlamps and turn signals; a body-color grille replaced chrome trim.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Navistar also transitioned from manufacturing both gasoline and diesel powered vehicles to exclusively selling and making diesel vehicles after 1986. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_Trucks_-_Flickr_-_111_Emergency_(54).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/New_Zealand_Trucks_-_Flickr_-_111_Emergency_%2854%29.jpg/220px-New_Zealand_Trucks_-_Flickr_-_111_Emergency_%2854%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/New_Zealand_Trucks_-_Flickr_-_111_Emergency_%2854%29.jpg/330px-New_Zealand_Trucks_-_Flickr_-_111_Emergency_%2854%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/New_Zealand_Trucks_-_Flickr_-_111_Emergency_%2854%29.jpg/440px-New_Zealand_Trucks_-_Flickr_-_111_Emergency_%2854%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>An International 9800 <a href="/wiki/Cab_over" title="Cab over">cabover</a> truck in New Zealand</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1990, International introduced the 9400, an aerodynamic Class 8 truck derived from the Transtar/Paystar cab, using a set-back front axle (to allow for a longer, sloped hood); the classic-style 9300 (the previous Transtar) continued. In 1991, the final remnant of International in the automotive segment was sold off, as the Scout and Light Truck parts business was sold to Scout/Light Line Distributors, Inc. The same year, Navistar became the parent company of a school bus manufacturer as it purchased one-third of American Transportation Corporation (<a href="/wiki/AmTran" title="AmTran">AmTran</a>). Serving as a chassis supplier since the 1920s, Navistar gained significant market share in school bus production, acquiring AmTran entirely in April 1995. In 1994, the IDI diesel was replaced by the all-new <a href="/wiki/Navistar_T444E_engine" title="Navistar T444E engine">T444E</a> diesel V8. Sharing only displacement with its predecessor, the T444E introduced direct injection and standard turbocharging; the engine marked the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Power_Stroke_engine" title="Ford Power Stroke engine">PowerStroke</a> diesel branding for Ford vehicles. In 1998, following a decline in demand for COE trucks in North America, the 9800 was discontinued and production moved to Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_MXT_Wayco.ca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/International_MXT_Wayco.ca.jpg/220px-International_MXT_Wayco.ca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/International_MXT_Wayco.ca.jpg/330px-International_MXT_Wayco.ca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/International_MXT_Wayco.ca.jpg/440px-International_MXT_Wayco.ca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2089" data-file-height="1313" /></a><figcaption>International MXT, the smallest of the <a href="/wiki/International_XT" title="International XT">XT</a> pickup trucks</figcaption></figure> <p>After nearly a century of business in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Navistar announced its plans on 30 September 2000 to leave the city and relocate its corporate offices to west suburban <a href="/wiki/Warrenville,_Illinois" title="Warrenville, Illinois">Warrenville, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, the 5000/9000-series trucks (Paystar/Transtar) received their first redesign of the cab since 1971, becoming the 5000i/9000i; the cab was enlarged (adding larger windows, moving the firewall forward). In 2001, International introduced the "NGV" trucks (Next Generation Vehicles); the first model family developed under the founding of Navistar,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NGV was intended as the successor of the Thousand-Series trucks (though using a nearly identical nomenclature). The S-Series lasted in production through 2003 for severe-service trucks and 2004 as a cowled bus chassis. In 2002, AmTran was rebranded as <a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC</a> (Integrated Coach) after a few months as International Truck and Bus. For 2004, Navistar reentered the consumer vehicle market for the first time since 1980, introducing the <a href="/wiki/International_XT" title="International XT">International XT</a> (Extreme Truck) model family. Three pickup trucks were sold, including the CXT 4x4 (derived from the 7300), the RXT 4x2 (derived from the 4300) and the MXT 4x4 (a <a href="/wiki/International_MXT-MV" title="International MXT-MV">MXT-MV</a> redeveloped for street-legal use). The CXT and RXT are (by far) the largest vehicles ever sold for consumer sale; to date, the former is the tallest ever mass-produced and the latter is the longest pickup truck ever mass-produced. Following the 2006 introduction of the International ProStar long-haul tractor (replacing the aerodynamic 9400i), International began to retire its previous "Thousand-Series" nomenclature for NGV-based trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the medium-duty 4000 became the DuraStar with the 7000 severe-service trucks becoming the WorkStar. The 8000 regional-haul tractors revived the TranStar name; the LoneStar flagship long-haul tractor had no predecessor. Using the previous-generation i-series cab, the Paystar 5000 and the 9000i (pared down to the 9900i) In response to low market demand, International ended sales of all three XT pickup truck lines after the 2008 model year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Purchase_of_Workhorse">Purchase of Workhorse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Purchase of Workhorse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, Navistar purchased the <a href="/wiki/Workhorse_Group" title="Workhorse Group">Workhorse Custom Chassis, LLC</a> (started in 1998 by investors who took over production and sales of General Motors' popular P-series Stepvan chassis when GM dropped it), a manufacturer of step-van and motor home chassis, to seemingly re-enter the delivery van market.<sup id="cite_ref-Breaking_News_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breaking_News-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It appeared that the new subsidiary might also benefit by its association with a company whose history from the 1930s into the '60s included the popular <a href="/wiki/International_Metro_Van" title="International Metro Van">Metro van</a>. For a short time Workhorse offered an integrated chassis-body product called MetroStar. In Sept. of 2012, Navistar announced the shut down of Workhorse and the closure of the plant in Union City, Indiana, in order to cut costs.<sup id="cite_ref-Breaking_News_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Breaking_News-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2013, AMP Electric Vehicles took over Workhorse Custom Chassis, LLC's assets and began offering a range of <a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">electric vehicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, AMP changed the company name to Workhorse Group Incorporated.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Summarize_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may be <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Section_size_policies" title="Help:Section">too long</a> and excessively detailed.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please consider summarizing the material.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Move_to_Lisle,_Illinois"><span id="Move_to_Lisle.2C_Illinois"></span>Move to Lisle, Illinois</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Move to Lisle, Illinois"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2010, Navistar leadership revived an effort to relocate the company headquarters from Warrenville, IL, to nearby Lisle, IL. The new headquarters was expected to retain or create 3,000 permanent jobs and about 400 construction jobs. Navistar President Dan Ustian said roughly 500 engineers would be hired immediately. Navistar aimed to invest $110 million in the Lisle campus, which would include product development. The state gave Navistar incentives of nearly $65 million, including tax credits.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Navistar announced the move to Lisle. "You can't build a campus like this anywhere for anywhere near the price we paid for this, and even though you might get more incentives, when you look at the whole picture, you really can't beat it," said Don Sharp, Navistar vice president.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, Navistar began phasing out its Truck Development and Technology Center (TDTC) in Fort Wayne, Indiana. In December 2011, Navistar laid off 130 employees, mostly engineers and designers who were United Auto Workers members.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, 300 out of 1,400 Fort Wayne employees eventually accepted offers to relocate to Illinois. The other 1,100 workers either retired or chose to remain in Indiana and find work elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only Navistar employees remaining after December 2012 were 20-25 people manning the company's test track on Oxford Street.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late July 2015, the TDTC closed and the remaining workers were let go.<sup id="cite_ref-wane.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wane.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tension_mounts">Tension mounts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tension mounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2012, speculation mounted about a possible takeover of the struggling truck maker. This came as hedge fund MHR Fund Management LLC disclosed a 13.6% stake in the company, slightly higher than billionaire activist investor Carl Icahn's 11.9% stake. As a result, Navistar adopted a poison pill defense. If the plan were triggered by an outside investor taking a stake of 15 percent or more in the company, then Navistar would issue its shareholders rights that would let them buy new common stock in the company at a discount of 50 percent: For each share held, the investor could buy $280 worth of new shares for $140. The investor who took the 15 percent stake or more would not have the right to buy additional shares.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2012, Navistar announced it would use <a href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins</a> engines and SCR technology.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 37 years with the company, Dan Ustian retired immediately in August 2012 and left his position on the board as well. Former <a href="/wiki/Textron" title="Textron">Textron</a> CEO Lewis Campbell was named interim CEO and Troy Clarke was promoted to chief operating officer.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ustian's severance package began at $7.9 million. The company's proxy statement during this time estimated the total package to be $14.6 million, contingent on a share price of $42.07 on Oct. 31, 2011, the end of the company's fiscal year.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 9, 2012, billionaire and key stock holder Carl Icahn sent an open letter to Navistar's board, blasting them for "abysmal business decisions" and "poor corporate governance." Icahn noted from 2009 to 2012, that "this Board has authorized spending shareholder money on lawsuits against suppliers, competitors and regulators, marketing plans to convince customers that non-compliant engines are actually compliant, accumulating non-core assets such as a Recreational Vehicle manufacturer, and a "gold-plated" corporate headquarters that cost over $100 million. The one thing this Board refused to spend money on was a back-up plan involving the industry standard technology Navistar now must rely on."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a September 2012 interview, Cummins CEO Tom Linebarger said, "all we did was act nice to them (Navistar) even when they didn't talk nicely about us," he smiled, recalling harsh comments that Navistar executives had made about SCR being used by all its competitors.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2012, Chief Product Officer Deepak Kapur stepped down, followed by Group Vice President of Product Development Ramin Younessi in December 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CIO Don Sharp also left the company in April 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Layoffs_and_consolidation">Layoffs and consolidation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Layoffs and consolidation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>August 2012 featured a Voluntary Separation Program (VSP) as well as involuntary layoffs. This was due to the failed engine strategy, rising warranty costs and declines in commercial and military sales. The company let go 500 employees and in September 2012, announced plans to lay off 200 more salaried employees.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the company announced it would close its Garland, Texas manufacturing facility by mid-2013, resulting in the loss of 900 jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2013, Navistar announced that interim CEO Lewis Campbell would step down and COO Troy Clarke would be named CEO and chairman of the board. Jack Allen was named COO.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2013, CFO A.J. Cederoth stepped down and James M. Moran, Navistar senior vice president, and treasurer, would act as interim CFO until a successor could be found.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late June 2013, former General Motors executive Walter Borst was named Executive VP and CFO.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2013, Navistar announced it would cut 500 more jobs amid a larger than expected third-quarter loss. Navistar reported a slower than expected return to profitability due to large market share losses, declining sales, and weak market conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2014, a third round of lay-offs in as many years occurred at the corporate headquarters as part of ongoing cost-cutting measures.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 31, 2015, Navistar ceased operations and laid off the remaining 15 employees at the Truck Development and Technology Center (TDTC) in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Wayne">Fort Wayne</a>, Indiana.<sup id="cite_ref-wane.com_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wane.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 2015 and December 2015, several hundred Navistar employees voluntarily left the Corporate HQ office in Lisle, IL, as part of another Voluntary Separation Package (VSP). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cost-cutting_and_divestitures">Cost-cutting and divestitures</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cost-cutting and divestitures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As part of the turnaround plan, Navistar executives cut costs aggressively. They cut SG&A costs by 16% in 2013 and cut product development spending by 24%.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interim CEO Lewis Campbell's priorities included a focus on quality, reducing the company's cost structure and paring back its product line.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Navistar also sold several businesses that it deemed were not providing enough of a Return On Invested Capital (ROIC). Among them were their <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Coach_Corporation" title="Monaco Coach Corporation">Monaco Coach Corporation</a> <a href="/wiki/Recreational_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Recreational Vehicle">Recreational Vehicle</a> (RV) business as well as <a href="/wiki/Workhorse_Group" title="Workhorse Group">Workhorse Chassis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also exited their joint venture with Mahindra <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sold off their E-Z Pack unit, which made bodies for garbage trucks, as well as its Continental Mixer unit, which made concrete mixers, for prices the company characterized as "not material."<sup id="cite_ref-reuters1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2014, <a href="/wiki/Forbes_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes magazine"><i>Forbes</i></a> reported several key challenges facing Navistar, which include declining military sales, a pension plan underfunded by $2.7 billion, two self-disclosed weaknesses in accounting practices and a new collective bargaining agreement for the company's 6,000 full and part-time workers who are represented by labor unions.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2014, Navistar announced it would move some engine production operations from Huntsville, Alabama, to Melrose Park, Illinois by summer 2014. The move eliminated 280 jobs in Alabama and saved an estimated $22 million. Navistar said it would keep two other diesel engine plants operating in Huntsville.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2014, Navistar reported its best quarter in years. It announced a third-quarter net loss of $2 million, or $0.02 per diluted share, compared to a third-quarter 2013 net loss of $247 million, or $3.06 per diluted share.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also in September that CEO Troy Clarke announced that the company's biggest divestitures were complete, and that the focus would now be on regaining lost market share.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On November 6, 2014, leadership changes continued at Navistar, with Executive VP and COO Jack Allen retiring immediately. Rather than hire a new COO, CEO Troy Clarke split the COO duties among three other executives.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="GM_and_Navistar_reach_commercial_vehicle_agreement">GM and Navistar reach commercial vehicle agreement</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: GM and Navistar reach commercial vehicle agreement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Silverado#Medium_duty_version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_and_6500HD)" title="Chevrolet Silverado">Chevrolet Silverado § Medium duty version (4500HD, 5500HD, and 6500HD)</a></div><p> General Motors Co. and Navistar have reached a long-term agreement to develop and assemble future medium-duty, conventional cab Class 4/5 commercial vehicles, allowing Navistar to strengthen its product lineup and GM to expand its Chevrolet commercial truck portfolio. The future trucks will be jointly developed using Navistar's expertise in rolling chassis configurations and manufacturing capabilities, and GM's commercial components and engines. The vehicles entered production in late 2018 and are manufactured at Navistar's facility in Springfield, Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Strategic_partnership_with_Traton_SE">Strategic partnership with Traton SE</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Strategic partnership with Traton SE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2016, Navistar and Volkswagen Truck and Bus (now called <a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a>), the subsidiary of the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> that controls European heavy truck makers <a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a>, announced their intent to pursue a strategic technology collaboration and to establish a procurement joint venture. Volkswagen Truck & Bus would take a 16.6% stake in Navistar, in return for an investment of $256 million. Navistar expected to realize cumulative synergies of $500 million over the first five years. In March 2017 it was announced that Volkswagen Truck & Bus's 16.6% equity investment in Navistar became effective from February 28, 2017, with Volkswagen Truck & Bus executives <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Renschler" title="Andreas Renschler">Andreas Renschler</a> and Matthias Gründler joining the Navistar Board of Directors.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2020s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Navistar_becomes_part_of_Traton">Navistar becomes part of Traton</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Navistar becomes part of Traton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On January 30, 2020, Traton announced a proposal to purchase all outstanding shares in Navistar.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2021, Navistar International Corp. and Traton SE's pending merger transaction began its review process with Brazil's Administrative Council for Economic Defense, or CADE, with market surveys being distributed to 35 companies.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 1, 2021, Traton successfully completed its takeover of all shares in Navistar, and therefore Navistar became part of the Traton Group. As part of the acquisition, the company was renamed Navistar, Inc from Navistar International Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Navistar_partnered_TuSimple_to_develop_robot_truck">Navistar partnered TuSimple to develop robot truck</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Navistar partnered TuSimple to develop robot truck"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 15, 2020, Navistar established a developmental production partnership with TuSimple, an autonomous trucking technology company, to manufacture Level-4 autonomous semi-trucks. The production is said to start in 2024 <sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although with non-disclosure of the total investment amount from both the parties, Navistar has taken a minority stake in TuSimple.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Navistar_rebranded_to_International_Motors">Navistar rebranded to International Motors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Navistar rebranded to International Motors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 25, 2024, Navistar announced its plan to rebrand and change its name to <b>International Motors, LLC</b>, with the change taking effect from October 1 that year. At the same time, the company debuted a new logo and distinct visual identity.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_operations">Corporate operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Corporate operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Trucks_(1986–present)"><span id="International_Trucks_.281986.E2.80.93present.29"></span>International Trucks (1986–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: International Trucks (1986–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986, after International Harvester transitioned to Navistar International, the Truck and Engine Division (essentially all that remained) continued the use of the International brand name. The third-largest Class 8 manufacturer (behind Freightliner and the combined brands of Paccar), International held a 12.6% market share for 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current International Truck product range ranges from medium-duty Class 4 to heavy-duty Class 8 payload ranges across a wide variety of applications. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vehicle name </th> <th>Production </th> <th>Classification </th> <th>Configuration </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Silverado#Medium_duty_version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD_and_International_CV)" title="Chevrolet Silverado">International CV</a><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:International_CV_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/International_CV_-_2.jpg/220px-International_CV_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/International_CV_-_2.jpg/330px-International_CV_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/International_CV_-_2.jpg/440px-International_CV_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td>Class 4–5 </td> <td>Light/Medium duty straight truck </td> <td>Lightest-duty International product line, replaced <a href="/wiki/International_TerraStar" title="International TerraStar">International TerraStar</a> <p>Produced by Navistar alongside Chevrolet Silverado C4500-6500 HD </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_DuraStar" title="International DuraStar">International MV (ex DuraStar)</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_International_MV607_Pickup-And-Delivery_Box_Truck_in_White_(Lay%27s),_Front_Right,_03-18-2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2023_International_MV607_Pickup-And-Delivery_Box_Truck_in_White_%28Lay%27s%29%2C_Front_Right%2C_03-18-2023.jpg/220px-2023_International_MV607_Pickup-And-Delivery_Box_Truck_in_White_%28Lay%27s%29%2C_Front_Right%2C_03-18-2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2023_International_MV607_Pickup-And-Delivery_Box_Truck_in_White_%28Lay%27s%29%2C_Front_Right%2C_03-18-2023.jpg/330px-2023_International_MV607_Pickup-And-Delivery_Box_Truck_in_White_%28Lay%27s%29%2C_Front_Right%2C_03-18-2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2023_International_MV607_Pickup-And-Delivery_Box_Truck_in_White_%28Lay%27s%29%2C_Front_Right%2C_03-18-2023.jpg/440px-2023_International_MV607_Pickup-And-Delivery_Box_Truck_in_White_%28Lay%27s%29%2C_Front_Right%2C_03-18-2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3412" data-file-height="1764" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td>Class 6–7 </td> <td>Medium duty straight truck </td> <td>Update to <a href="/wiki/International_Durastar" class="mw-redirect" title="International Durastar">International Durastar</a> <p>Revision for 2022 production </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_RH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International RH (page does not exist)">International RH</a> </td> <td>2018–present </td> <td>Class 8 </td> <td>Regional-haul semitractor </td> <td>Replaced <a href="/wiki/International_TranStar" class="mw-redirect" title="International TranStar">International TranStar</a> <p>Shares body with LT (without aerodynamic enhancements). </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_ProStar" title="International ProStar">International LT (ex ProStar)</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_International_LT_625_trailer_truck,_front_left.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2019_International_LT_625_trailer_truck%2C_front_left.jpg/220px-2019_International_LT_625_trailer_truck%2C_front_left.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2019_International_LT_625_trailer_truck%2C_front_left.jpg/330px-2019_International_LT_625_trailer_truck%2C_front_left.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2019_International_LT_625_trailer_truck%2C_front_left.jpg/440px-2019_International_LT_625_trailer_truck%2C_front_left.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5178" data-file-height="3594" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>2017–present </td> <td>Class 8 </td> <td>Over-the-road semitractor </td> <td>Replaced <a href="/wiki/International_ProStar" title="International ProStar">International ProStar</a> <p>First International truck of two-letter nomenclature and second-generation NGV cab. </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_LoneStar" title="International LoneStar">International LoneStar</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:International_LoneStar_2010._Spielvogel_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/International_LoneStar_2010._Spielvogel_2.JPG/220px-International_LoneStar_2010._Spielvogel_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/International_LoneStar_2010._Spielvogel_2.JPG/330px-International_LoneStar_2010._Spielvogel_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/International_LoneStar_2010._Spielvogel_2.JPG/440px-International_LoneStar_2010._Spielvogel_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5223" data-file-height="3482" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>2009–2024 </td> <td>Class 8 </td> <td>Over-the-road semitractor </td> <td>Longest-hood semitractor, mating NGV cab with vintage-style hood design. <p>Replaced <a href="/wiki/International_9000" title="International 9000">International 9000i</a> as flagship International line. 2018 revision introduced modernized cab of International LT. Discontinued in 2024 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_WorkStar" title="International WorkStar">International HV (ex WorkStar)</a> </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td>Class 7–9 </td> <td>Severe-service straight truck </td> <td>replacing <a href="/wiki/International_WorkStar" title="International WorkStar">International WorkStar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/International_Paystar" title="International Paystar">International HX (ex Paystar)</a> </td> <td>2017–present </td> <td>Class 8–9 </td> <td>Severe-service straight truck/semitractor </td> <td>Largest International product line, replacing <a href="/wiki/International_Paystar" title="International Paystar">International Paystar</a> <p>Produced as both straight truck and semitractor configurations. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IC_Bus_(2002–present)"><span id="IC_Bus_.282002.E2.80.93present.29"></span>IC Bus (2002–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: IC Bus (2002–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC Bus</a> and <a href="/wiki/AmTran" title="AmTran">AmTran</a></div><p> International has a long history in the school bus industry as a chassis provider, dating to when school buses first became motorized. In 1991, parent company Navistar expanded its presence in the segment as it acquired a stake in school bus body manufacturer <a href="/wiki/AmTran" title="AmTran">AmTran</a>, completing its purchase in 1995. Since 2002, <a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC Bus</a> operates as the bus-manufacturing subsidiary of Navistar; though specializing in yellow school buses, the company also produces vehicles for commercial use. </p><p>The IC Bus name stands for Integrated Coach, denoting how vehicles are designed and assembled nearly completely under a single corporate structure. The entire IC product line is derived from medium-duty International vehicles, using a body design designed within the company. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Vehicle name </th> <th>Production </th> <th>Applications </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>IC CE-Series<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Fairfax_County_Public_Schools_2021_IC_CE_school_bus_close_to_Lake_Anne_in_Reston,_Virginia_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/A_Fairfax_County_Public_Schools_2021_IC_CE_school_bus_close_to_Lake_Anne_in_Reston%2C_Virginia_%281%29.jpg/220px-A_Fairfax_County_Public_Schools_2021_IC_CE_school_bus_close_to_Lake_Anne_in_Reston%2C_Virginia_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/A_Fairfax_County_Public_Schools_2021_IC_CE_school_bus_close_to_Lake_Anne_in_Reston%2C_Virginia_%281%29.jpg/330px-A_Fairfax_County_Public_Schools_2021_IC_CE_school_bus_close_to_Lake_Anne_in_Reston%2C_Virginia_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/A_Fairfax_County_Public_Schools_2021_IC_CE_school_bus_close_to_Lake_Anne_in_Reston%2C_Virginia_%281%29.jpg/440px-A_Fairfax_County_Public_Schools_2021_IC_CE_school_bus_close_to_Lake_Anne_in_Reston%2C_Virginia_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>2005–present </td> <td>School bus <p>Commercial-use bus </p> </td> <td>Uses <a href="/wiki/International_3300" title="International 3300">International 3300</a> chassis (International 4300/Durastar) </td></tr> <tr> <td>IC RE-Series<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpine_School_District_school_bus.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Alpine_School_District_school_bus.JPG/220px-Alpine_School_District_school_bus.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Alpine_School_District_school_bus.JPG/330px-Alpine_School_District_school_bus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Alpine_School_District_school_bus.JPG/440px-Alpine_School_District_school_bus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>1996–2024 </td> <td>School bus <p>Commercial-use bus </p> </td> <td>Uses rear-engine <a href="/wiki/International_3000" title="International 3000">International 3000</a> chassis <p>(Final variant of <a href="/wiki/International_S_series" title="International S series">International S-Series</a> remaining in production) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IC TC-Series </td> <td>2019–present </td> <td>Commercial-use bus </td> <td>International 3300 chassis produced in a cutaway-cab configuration <p>Produced by IC Bus for bodywork by second-party manufacturers </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MWM_International_Motores_(2005–2022)"><span id="MWM_International_Motores_.282005.E2.80.932022.29"></span>MWM International Motores (2005–2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: MWM International Motores (2005–2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, Navistar purchased <a href="/wiki/MWM_International_Motores" title="MWM International Motores">MWM International Motores</a>, a Brazilian engine manufacturer formerly associated with <a href="/wiki/Deutz_AG" title="Deutz AG">Deutz AG</a>. MWM was sold to Tupy S.A. in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-MWMTupy_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MWMTupy-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engines_(1986–present)"><span id="Engines_.281986.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Engines (1986–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Engines (1986–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester/Navistar_engines" title="List of International Harvester/Navistar engines">List of International Harvester/Navistar engines</a></div><p> In 1986, Navistar was formed from the engine division of the former International Harvester (alongside the truck division). In a continuation from its predecessor, International produced both gasoline and diesel-fueled engines for its medium-duty trucks and some heavy-duty trucks, offering second-party engines as an option. Class 8 trucks offered second-party diesel engines (from Caterpillar, Cummins, and Detroit Diesel). From International Harvester, International inherited production of the SV-series gasoline V8, IDI diesel V8, DV-series diesel V8, and DT466 inline-6. After 1986, the production of gasoline engines ended, shifting to diesel-powered engines entirely. During the 1980s, Navistar began an expansion of its engine families. For 1986, a 7.3L version of the IDI was introduced; the engine supplanted the long-running DV-series V8 by the end of 1988; the same year, it became an option in Ford trucks. For 1987, the DT inline-6 engine family was expanded to a second engine, as the DT360 was introduced (competing directly against the <a href="/wiki/Cummins_B_Series_engine#6BT" title="Cummins B Series engine">Cummins 6BT</a>). </p><p>During 1994 production, the IDI V8 was replaced by the direct-injection <a href="/wiki/Navistar_T444E_engine" title="Navistar T444E engine">T444E</a> V8, sharing little more than its displacement with its predecessor; the T444E became the first Ford PowerStroke engine. While the DT360 was withdrawn (largely replaced by the T444E), the DT466 (now the DT466E) was joined by the larger DT530E (competing primarily against the <a href="/wiki/Cummins_C_Series_engine" title="Cummins C Series engine">Cummins C8.3</a>). For the 2000s, International began developing engines to comply with updated emissions standards for commercial vehicles. During 2003, the T444E was discontinued and replaced the <a href="/wiki/Navistar_VT_engine" title="Navistar VT engine">VT engine family</a>, introduced by the VT365 V8. For 2004, the DT engines received modernized fuel injection and a redesigned turbocharger; the DT530 was replaced by the DT570 (sized between the Caterpillar C9 and the Cummins ISL). In place of using <a href="/wiki/Selective_catalytic_reduction" title="Selective catalytic reduction">Selective Catalytic Reduction</a> (SCR) to treat engine emissions, International adopted <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation" title="Exhaust gas recirculation">Exhaust Gas Recirculation</a> (EGR), a configuration used with success in automobiles with gasoline engines. </p><p>For 2007 emissions compliance, International launched the "MaxxForce" branding for its diesel engines. The VT engine family consisted of the 4.5-liter MaxxForce 5 V6 and the 6.4-liter MaxxForce 7 V8 (replacing the VT365). The DT466 became the MaxxForceDT, with the DT and HT570 becoming the MaxxForce 9 and 10, respectively. For its Class 8 trucks, the company introduced "large-bore" engines for the first time, introducing the 10.5L MaxxForce 11 and the 12.4L MaxxForce 13.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 2010 model year, Ford ended its engine supply agreement with International, continuing the PowerStroke range under its own designs. The MaxxForce 7 and DT engines were updated with twin turbochargers to improve emissions compliance. </p><p>Following several years of difficulty reliably matching 2007 and 2010 emissions compliance, International chose to end diesel engine production following the 2015 model year, replacing the MaxxForce 7 and MaxxForceDT with the Cummins ISB6.7 and ISL9, respectively. </p><p>In 2017, International reentered the diesel engine production segment, launching the A26 12.4L inline-6.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Largely serving as a company-produced successor to the MaxxForce 13, the A26 was developed from the <a href="/wiki/MAN_SE" title="MAN SE">MAN</a> D26 engine.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Navistar introduced the International S13 engine. Unlike the A26, the S13 engine operates on low revolutions and higher torque equating to fewer fuel injections and less fuel consumption. This engine uses selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology, something that has never been used in Navistar's older engines.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plug-in_electric_vehicles">Plug-in electric vehicles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Plug-in electric vehicles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modec_FedEx_truck,_LA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Modec_FedEx_truck%2C_LA.jpg/220px-Modec_FedEx_truck%2C_LA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Modec_FedEx_truck%2C_LA.jpg/330px-Modec_FedEx_truck%2C_LA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Modec_FedEx_truck%2C_LA.jpg/440px-Modec_FedEx_truck%2C_LA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="1499" /></a><figcaption>eStar electric van in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> in 2010. The vehicle was manufactured in the U.S. under license from <a href="/wiki/Modec" title="Modec">Modec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Navistar_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navistar-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plug-in_hybrid_electric_bus">Plug-in hybrid electric bus</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Plug-in hybrid electric bus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a> announced in 2009 the selection of Navistar Corporation for a cost-shared award of up to <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$10</span> million to develop, test, and deploy <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid_electric_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle">plug-in hybrid electric vehicle</a> (PHEV) <a href="/wiki/School_bus" title="School bus">school buses</a>. The project aims to deploy 60 vehicles for a three-year period in school bus fleets across the nation. The vehicles will be capable of running in either <a href="/wiki/All-electric_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="All-electric vehicle">electric-only</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">hybrid modes</a> that can be recharged from standard electrical outlets. Because electricity will be their primary fuel, they will consume less petroleum than standard vehicles. To develop the PHEV school bus, Navistar will examine a range of hybrid architectures and evaluate advanced energy storage devices, with the goal of developing a vehicle with a 40-mile (64 km) range. Travel beyond the range will be facilitated by a clean diesel engine capable of running on renewable fuels. The DOE funding will cover up to half of the project's cost and will be provided over three years, subject to annual <a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Appropriation (economics)">appropriations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="eStar_electric_van">eStar electric van</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: eStar electric van"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The eStar was an <a href="/wiki/All-electric_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="All-electric vehicle">all-electric van</a>. Production began in March 2010 and first deliveries began two months later via its <a href="/wiki/Workhorse_Group" title="Workhorse Group">Workhorse Group</a> division.<sup id="cite_ref-Navistar_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Navistar-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technology used in eStar was licensed to Navistar in 2009 in a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Modec" title="Modec">Modec</a> and Navistar bought the intellectual property rights from the Modec's bankruptcy administrators in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The introduction of the eStar was supported by a <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$39.2</span> million <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Energy">U.S. Department of Energy</a> stimulus grant under the 2009 <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LeftLane_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeftLane-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eStar had a 5,100 lb (2,300 kg) payload capacity available with a 14- or 16-foot cargo box. The vehicle was powered by a 70 kW 102 hp <a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">electric motor</a> powered by an 80<a href="/wiki/KWhr" class="mw-redirect" title="KWhr">kWhr</a> <a href="/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery" title="Lithium-ion battery">lithium-ion battery</a> pack supplied by <a href="/wiki/A123_Systems" title="A123 Systems">A123 Systems</a>, and also used <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_braking" title="Regenerative braking">regenerative braking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The electric van had a <a href="/wiki/All-electric_range" title="All-electric range">range</a> of 100 mi (160 km), and a full charge took between 6 and 8 hours. By May 2010 the eStar had received <a href="/wiki/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) and <a href="/wiki/CARB" class="mw-redirect" title="CARB">CARB</a> certifications. The eStar also met all <a href="/wiki/Federal_Motor_Vehicle_Safety_Standards" title="Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards">Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards</a> (FMVSS).<sup id="cite_ref-LeftLane_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeftLane-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first vans were delivered in May 2010 to <a href="/wiki/FedEx_Express" title="FedEx Express">FedEx Express</a> for use in Los Angeles.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other customers included <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Gas_and_Electric_Company" title="Pacific Gas and Electric Company">Pacific Gas and Electric Company</a> (PG&E), <a href="/wiki/The_Coca-Cola_Company" title="The Coca-Cola Company">The Coca-Cola Company</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canada_Post" title="Canada Post">Canada Post</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eStar had a price of <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$150,000</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-LeftLane_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeftLane-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Navistar discontinued the eStar van in March 2013, as part of a corporate restructuring plan to focus on current profitability.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navistar_Defense_LLC_(2003–present)"><span id="Navistar_Defense_LLC_.282003.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Navistar Defense LLC (2003–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Navistar Defense LLC (2003–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_MaxxPro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/International_MaxxPro.jpg/220px-International_MaxxPro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/International_MaxxPro.jpg/330px-International_MaxxPro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/International_MaxxPro.jpg/440px-International_MaxxPro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3091" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/International_MaxxPro" title="International MaxxPro">International MaxxPro</a> <a href="/wiki/MRAP" title="MRAP">MRAP</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2003, Navistar created <a href="/wiki/Navistar_Defense_LLC" title="Navistar Defense LLC">Navistar Defense</a>. While Navistar had manufactured vehicles for the military long into its existence as International Harvester, Navistar Defense would operate as a freestanding division within the company. Alongside the <a href="/wiki/International_MaxxPro" title="International MaxxPro">MaxxPro MRAP</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_MXT-MV" title="International MXT-MV">MXT-MV</a>, Navistar Defense has developed military variants of the 5000 and 7000 severe-service trucks (today, the HX and HV-Series on-road). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Joint_ventures">Joint ventures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Joint ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current">Current</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_Motors">General Motors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: General Motors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:International_CV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/International_CV.jpg/220px-International_CV.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/International_CV.jpg/330px-International_CV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/International_CV.jpg/440px-International_CV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>2019–2020 International CV chassis cab</figcaption></figure><p> Navistar entered into an agreement to purchase General Motors' medium duty truck unit in 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but because of changing market conditions the purchase ultimately did not occur,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and production of the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Kodiak" title="Chevrolet Kodiak">Chevrolet Kodiak</a> and GMC TopKick were discontinued in 2009 as GM entered <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Chapter_11_reorganization" title="General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization">bankruptcy protection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, a joint venture between the two companies for development of a new Class 4/5 commercial vehicle was announced.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2017, Navistar's truck assembly plant in Springfield, Ohio, began production of <a href="/wiki/Cutaway_van_chassis" title="Cutaway van chassis">cutaway van chassis</a> variants of the GMT610 <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Express" title="Chevrolet Express">Chevrolet Express</a> and GMC Savana.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further details around the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Silverado#Medium_duty_version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD_and_International_CV)" title="Chevrolet Silverado">Chevy Silverado 4500HD/5500HD/6500HD</a> were announced by General Motors early in 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Navistar also unveiling the International-branded variant of the truck, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_International_(brand)_trucks#CV_Series_(2018–)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of International (brand) trucks">CV series</a>, shortly thereafter. Production started in late 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The truck serves as a successor to the previously discontinued Chevrolet Kodiak and <a href="/wiki/International_TerraStar" title="International TerraStar">International TerraStar</a>, competing against the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Super_Duty" title="Ford Super Duty">Ford Super Duty</a> F-450/F-550/F-600 and <a href="/wiki/Ram_Pickup#Heavy_Duty_Chassis_Cabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Pickup">Ram Chassis Cab</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former">Former</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Former"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ford_Motor_Company">Ford Motor Company</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Ford Motor Company"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Power_Stroke_engine" title="Ford Power Stroke engine">Ford Power Stroke engine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ford_F-series_(medium_duty_truck)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford F-series (medium duty truck)">Ford F-series (medium duty truck)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_Ford_F650_XL_Super_Duty_box_truck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/2007_Ford_F650_XL_Super_Duty_box_truck.jpg/220px-2007_Ford_F650_XL_Super_Duty_box_truck.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/2007_Ford_F650_XL_Super_Duty_box_truck.jpg/330px-2007_Ford_F650_XL_Super_Duty_box_truck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/2007_Ford_F650_XL_Super_Duty_box_truck.jpg/440px-2007_Ford_F650_XL_Super_Duty_box_truck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3362" /></a><figcaption>2007 <a href="/wiki/Ford_F-650" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford F-650">Ford F-650</a>, a product of Blue Diamond Truck</figcaption></figure><p> From the 1980s to the 2010s, Navistar had a close relationship with <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>. Commencing for the 1983 model year as an engine-supply agreement, the relationship evolved into a $400 million yearly business, culminating into joint production of entire vehicle lines.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the end of the diesel-engine supply agreement after the 2010 model year, Ford and Navistar ended collaborative production of medium-duty commercial trucks after the 2014 model year </p><p>In the mid-2000s, Ford supplied pickup bodies for the International XT line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ford_diesel_V8_engine">Ford diesel V8 engine</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Ford diesel V8 engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of the gas crises of the 1970s, the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Corporate_average_fuel_economy" title="Corporate average fuel economy">Corporate Average Fuel Economy</a> (CAFE), was applied to light trucks alongside automobiles. In response, large-block gasoline V8 engines (such as the <a href="/wiki/Ford_385_engine" title="Ford 385 engine">Ford 460</a>) were withdrawn from production from pickup trucks and full-size vans. For the 1983 model year, Ford entered into a supply agreement with International Harvester to use the newly introduced IDI diesel V8 for <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> and 1-ton F-Series pickups and E-Series vans. While roughly matching the output of the discontinued 400 cubic-inch V8 (the engine that it replaced alongside a reintroduced 460), the 6.9L diesel offered fuel economy closer to the standard 4.9L inline-6. While originally developed for the S1700 medium-duty truck, the engine supply agreement brought a diesel engine to market faster (and at far lower cost) than developing an engine from the ground up. In 1988, as International phased out the 6.9L engine, Ford received the 7.3L IDI diesel. During 1994 production, the IDI was replaced by the all-new T444E; to emphasize the introduction of direct injection fuel delivery, Ford began to brand International-sourced engines under the "PowerStroke" branding. As with the IDI, the T444E/PowerStroke was used in F-Series/E-Series trucks and vans. During 2003 production, the Ford Super Duty line and the E-Series adopted the VT365, replacing the T444E. For 2008, the MaxxForce 7 was introduced for the Super Duty pickups as a PowerStroke engine; in place of a variable-geometry turbocharger (used by International trucks), Ford versions of the engine were fitted with compound turbochargers. As the 6.4L engine would not properly fit in the vehicle, the E-Series continued use of the 6.0L diesel. After the 2010 model year, Ford ended the use of International-supplied diesel engines. From 2011 onward, the Super Duty was fitted with diesel engines developed by Ford; the E-Series shifted production exclusively to gasoline-based engines. Today, Ford continues the use of the PowerStroke branding, using it for multiple diesel engines produced by the company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Blue_Diamond_Truck">Blue Diamond Truck</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Blue Diamond Truck"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2006_Ford_LCF_box_truck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2006_Ford_LCF_box_truck.jpg/220px-2006_Ford_LCF_box_truck.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2006_Ford_LCF_box_truck.jpg/330px-2006_Ford_LCF_box_truck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2006_Ford_LCF_box_truck.jpg/440px-2006_Ford_LCF_box_truck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5352" data-file-height="3510" /></a><figcaption>2006 Ford LCF (low-cab forward); built by Blue Diamond Truck (also International CF/CityStar)</figcaption></figure> <p>In September 2001, Navistar announced a <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> with Ford, named <a href="/wiki/Blue_Diamond_Truck" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Diamond Truck">Blue Diamond Truck</a> Co. LLC.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 50/50 agreement between the two companies, Blue Diamond was intended to develop and manufacture vehicles and powertrains for both companies using the International facility in <a href="/wiki/General_Escobedo" title="General Escobedo">General Escobedo</a>, Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, Blue Diamond Truck launched production.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While sharing a common frame,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Ford F-650 and F-750 Super Duty were produced with different bodywork and powertrains than the International 4200/4300. In 2006, Blue Diamond released the <a href="/wiki/Ford_LCF" title="Ford LCF">Ford LCF/International CF</a>, the first model line developed under the joint venture. To create the low-cab COE, the frame (sourced from the Ford F-450/F-550 Super Duty) was mated with the cab of the <a href="/wiki/Mazda_Titan#Fourth_generation_(2000–2004)" title="Mazda Titan">Mazda Titan</a> (converted to left-hand drive). The LCF received the first engine developed by Blue Diamond Truck, a 4.5L V6 (a 6-cylinder version of the 6.0L V8).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, the Blue Diamond Truck venture was dissolved by Ford. International retained production at General Escobedo, with Ford shifting medium-duty truck production to its facility in Avon Lake, Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anhui_Jianghuai_Navistar">Anhui Jianghuai Navistar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Anhui Jianghuai Navistar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 16 September 2010, <a href="/wiki/JAC_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="JAC Motors">Anhui Jianghuai Automobile</a> Co., Ltd. (JAC) announced joint ventures with <a href="/wiki/NC2_Global" title="NC2 Global">NC2 Global</a> and Navistar International Corporation that will develop, build, and market heavy duty trucks and diesel engines in China.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2018, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins</a> would be buying out Navistar's equity in the venture.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mahindra_Navistar">Mahindra Navistar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Mahindra Navistar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Navistar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahindra Navistar">Mahindra Navistar</a></div><p> Navistar formed a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_%26_Mahindra" title="Mahindra & Mahindra">Mahindra & Mahindra</a> to build heavy trucks in India under the "Mahindra International" brand,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has since been renamed <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Navistar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahindra Navistar">Mahindra Navistar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These trucks were displayed at Auto Expo 2010 in Delhi, India. The joint venture ceased as Navistar exited the joint venture in 2013. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="DINA/DIMEX_Navistar"><span id="DINA.2FDIMEX_Navistar"></span>DINA/DIMEX Navistar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: DINA/DIMEX Navistar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/DINA_S.A." title="DINA S.A.">DINA S.A.</a></div><p> DINA (Diesel Nacional, S.A. de C.V, in English: National Diesel) or DIMEX (Diesel Mexicano, S.A. de C.V, in English: Mexican Diesel) for International Version is a Mexican bus and truck manufacturer based in Ciudad Sahagún, Hidalgo, Mexico. It was created by the federal government of Mexico in 1951 as Diesel Nacional, S.A..[1], and is currently owned by Grupo Empresarial G and its subsidiaries (since 1989). The company has gone through several stages of production of freight and bus models throughout its history, thanks to technological and commercial agreements and partnerships with various companies such as Fiat, Renault, Marcopolo S.A., Flxible, Cummins, Perkins, Chrysler, Caterpillar, Scania, MCI, Škoda, Spicer, Eaton and Dana. Today its primary production is buses for urban domestic and foreign use. They have developed their truck technology with a subsidiary of BMW. Currently, nearly 20% of the national vehicle fleet operate in Mexico, along with other Latin American countries. In 2001, to avoid bankruptcy, a group of administrative staff of Grupo Empresarial G, owners of the company remnants, carried out the financial restructuring of DINA Camiones. This process consisted of the sale of the plants that the group owned. In 2002, the government of the state of Hidalgo bought the facilities of the DINA Camiones plant. In 2005, a group of Argentine businessmen bought the Argentine DINA plant. Subsequently, problems arising due to the cancellation of the contract with Western Star Trucks, was settled by legal means. Freightliner paid a large compensation to the Mexican company. In compliance with the agreement, the amount was not disclosed. In 2004, the process of designing new passenger units began, based on HTQ technology, as well as on national and international standards. Starting in 2007, the first five prototypes of the chassis were concluded. The design and construction of a new plant began, along with the necessary equipment and tools. This was in the same industrial zone of Ciudad Sahagún, state of Hidalgo, Mexico. In July 2007, a prototype departed the new DINA plant. Its purpose was to conduct road tests, prior to production and marketing. In May 2008, the restart of DINA Camiones was announced, with the production and sales of four new bus models, all of them the urban type: DINA Linner, Runner, Picker and Outsider. At the time of restarting operations that year, the investment was US$100 million. The plant had a capacity of 23 units per day, 450 direct and 750 indirect jobs, and five concessionaires in different Mexican states to sell their units in Mexico. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2011, the nonpartisan organization <a href="/wiki/Public_Campaign#Reports" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Campaign">Public Campaign</a> criticized Navistar International for spending $6.31 million on <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying</a> and not paying any taxes during 2008–2010, instead getting $18 million in tax rebates, despite making a profit of $896 million and increasing executive pay by 81%.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 31, 2005, Navistar Financial said it would restate financial statements for fiscal years 2002 and 2003 and the first three quarters of fiscal 2004, because it did not take into consideration potential changes to future income. On April 7, 2006, Navistar restated financial results from 2002 through 2004, and for the first three quarters of 2005, due to accounting practices that are the subject of a continuing review.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accounting_issues">Accounting issues</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Accounting issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2006, the company declared it would not file its <a href="/wiki/Form_10-K" title="Form 10-K">form 10-K</a> <a href="/wiki/Annual_report" title="Annual report">annual report</a> with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> on time. The delay was caused by the disagreement with its auditors, <a href="/wiki/Deloitte" title="Deloitte">Deloitte & Touche</a>, over complex accounting issues. In April, Navistar fired Deloitte, its independent auditor for 98 years, and hired <a href="/wiki/KPMG" title="KPMG">KPMG</a> to help restate earnings back to 2002 to fix accounting errors. On December 15, 2006, Navistar executives announced a further delay in its restatement and 2006 results. The announcement prompted the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> (NYSE) to announce the delisting of the company, after 98 years of trading, although the NYSE subsequently delayed the delisting pending an appeal by Navistar. However, Navistar was removed from the <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a> Index, and the NYSE eventually denied Navistar's appeal and delisted the stock; it traded on the <a href="/wiki/Pink_Sheets_LLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Pink Sheets LLC">Pink Sheets</a> until 30 June 2008, when it was relisted on the NYSE, under its previous ticker symbol, NAV, after catching up with its filings.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christopher Anderson, the Deloitte partner responsible for the 2003 audit, accepted a one-year suspension from public audits in 2008, and became the first individual to be fined by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Company_Accounting_Oversight_Board" title="Public Company Accounting Oversight Board">Public Company Accounting Oversight Board</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CEO Daniel Ustian agreed to surrender to Navistar shares worth $1.3 million, while former Chief Financial Officer Robert C. Lannert consented to repay $1.05 million, each sum reflecting monetary bonuses they had received during the restatement period, the SEC said. Four other company executives paid civil penalties without admitting liability. </p><p>In December 2014, Navistar disclosed more accounting problems. These involved out-of-period adjustments, which were corrections of prior period errors relating to product warranties. This resulted in a $36 million increase in Cost of Products Sold. In addition, a material weakness was disclosed. In the company's annual 10K, they reported that weakness was "surrounding validation of the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in the determination of significant accounting estimates and accounting transactions. Specifically, controls were not designed to identify errors in the underlying data which was used to calculate warranty cost estimates and other significant accounting estimates and the accounting effects of significant transactions.<sup id="cite_ref-shareholder1_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shareholder1-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Failed_engine_strategy">Failed engine strategy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Failed engine strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, then CEO Dan Ustian faced numerous <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) regulations to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides and soot emanating from diesel engines. Despite the change in the compliance arena, the regulations would not begin to be phased in until 2007, with full implementation slated for 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes1_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes1-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ustian had multiple engineering paths available. Among them were Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_Gas_Recirculation" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhaust Gas Recirculation">Exhaust Gas Recirculation</a> (EGR), or the use of nitrogen oxide absorbers. All required more engineering and development to achieve compliance. Ustian believed truckers did not want to bother with an extra tank of fluid after treatment. As a result, he convinced the company to spend $700 million to fund EGR development.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes1_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes1-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 31, 2007, Navistar formally announced their intent to move forward with EGR as the company's strategy. The company statement included Ustian mentioning "I have publicly been an advocate of customer friendly emissions control solutions which do not add additional costs to our truck and bus customers. While SCR is a means to achieve the NOx reduction requirement for 2010, it comes with a steep cost to our customers. Our ability to achieve our goals without adding <a href="/wiki/Customer_cost" title="Customer cost">customer cost</a> and inconvenience is a competitive advantage for International."<sup id="cite_ref-commercialmotor1_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commercialmotor1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 24, 2008, Navistar revealed it would use EPA Credits in order to comply with the 2010 legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-commercialmotor1_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commercialmotor1-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2009, Ustian touted the benefits of EGR technology as a key differentiator for the company's engines. However, by now, the rest of the industry had chosen to use compliant SCR technology. Ustian disagreed with SCR, saying "the other thing that EGR avoids is the risks of an SCR strategy. Read the label on this and it will show you that there are challenges with keeping control of using this technology: 'Store between 23 degrees and 68 degrees.' So essentially it says you can't throw it outside. You can't operate it in conditions above 85 [degrees] or below 12 [degrees]. You can, but, it will put the burden onto the customers."<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-conformance_penalties">Non-conformance penalties</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Non-conformance penalties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The EPA recognized Navistar's imminent non-compliance and created a system of Non-Conformance Penalties (NCPs) that included a $1,919 fine for every non-compliant engine that Navistar sold. To bridge the gap, Navistar began using EPA credits it had previously earned for being compliant in lieu of paying fines. In August 2012, Navistar stated they would run out of EPA credits soon. Only days earlier the EPA announced increased new penalties of $3,744 per engine.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2009, Navistar sued the EPA, claiming that the agency's guidance documents for SCR implementation were invalid because they were adopted without a public process and with input only from the SCR engine makers. Navistar and the EPA settled the lawsuit a year later.<sup id="cite_ref-fleetowner1_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fleetowner1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further masking the EGR problem were high military sales. In the company's 2010 10K report, Navistar cited orders for MRAPs as offsetting flat commercial sales due to the recession.<sup id="cite_ref-navistar1_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navistar1-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2012, the EPA adopted an interim final rule that allowed Navistar to continue selling the engines subject to NCPs. Several Navistar competitors sued, and in June 2012 the same appeals court ruled that EPA's interim rule was invalid because it did not give the public notice and an opportunity for comment.<sup id="cite_ref-fleetowner1_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fleetowner1-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, Navistar's EGR decision had led to significant reliability issues and quality problems (which were ultimately traceable to the fundamental physical reality that <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation" title="Exhaust gas recirculation">recirculation of exhaust gas</a> introduces intrinsically abrasive soot and inherently corrosive acid gases back into the engine). Truck drivers began losing trust and confidence as Navistar vehicles were breaking down frequently. Consequently, they abandoned Navistar trucks in favor of competitor's trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj.com_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj.com-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legal_issues_(MaxxForce_engines)"><span id="Legal_issues_.28MaxxForce_engines.29"></span>Legal issues (MaxxForce engines)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Legal issues (MaxxForce engines)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2014, the United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation ordered that 13 of 14 civil lawsuits brought against Navistar for MaxxForce engines would be consolidated into one case. The consolidated lawsuits say Navistar's use of Advanced Exhaust Gas Recirculation emission control system, or EGR, was defective and resulted in repeated engine failures and frequent repairs and downtime.<sup id="cite_ref-m.landlinemag.com_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.landlinemag.com-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 16, 2014, Navistar reported a larger than expected fourth quarter net loss of $72 million. While sales rose 9 percent to $3 billion, the company cited restructuring and warranty costs as the main reasons for the loss. A day earlier, the company announced it would be closing its engine foundry in Indianapolis, resulting in the loss of 100 jobs and costing $11 million. The company estimated annual savings of $13 million in operating costs.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2015, Navistar reported a first-quarter 2015 net loss of $42 million, or $0.52 per diluted share, compared to a first-quarter 2014 net loss of $248 million, or $3.05 per diluted share. Revenues in the quarter were $2.4 billion, up to $213 million or 10 percent, versus the first quarter of 2014. The higher revenues in the quarter were driven by a 17 percent year-over-year increase in charge outs for Class 6-8 trucks and buses in the United States and Canada. This included a 42 percent increase in school buses; a 25 percent increase in Class 6/7 medium trucks; a 7 percent increase in Class 8 heavy trucks; and a 5 percent increase in Class 8 severe service trucks. Higher sales in the company's export truck operations also contributed to the increase, partially offset by a decrease in used truck sales. The company finished the first quarter with a 27 percent year-over-year increase in order backlog for Class 6-8 trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 4, 2015, Navistar reported a second-quarter net loss of $64 million, or 78 cents a share, compared with a year-earlier loss of $297 million, or $3.65 a share. Revenue fell to $2.69 billion from $2.75 billion. Analysts had expected a loss of 18 cents a share and revenue of $2.82 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj.com_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj.com-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 9, 2015, Navistar named Jeff Sass as the new Senior VP of North American Truck Sales. Sass previously worked 20 years for rival <a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 12, 2015, Mark Rachesky's MHR Fund Management LLC disclosed a 6% increased stake in Navistar, up to 15,446,562 shares. The firm now owns 18.9% of Navistar.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2015, the EPA filed a civil lawsuit against Navistar seeking $300 million in fines over its use of non-compliant engines in its 2010-model trucks – engines that did not meet the agency's exhaust emission standards.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Because (Navistar) completed manufacturing and assembling processes for the subject engines in 2010 … each and every engine was 'produced' in 2010 and is therefore not a model 2009 engine," the complaint said. Navistar classified the engines as 2009 model year engines because it began assembling them in 2009. Navistar has stated they dispute the allegations and would "aggressively defend" their position.<sup id="cite_ref-m.landlinemag.com_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.landlinemag.com-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 20, 2015, Navistar announced that it was refinancing the $697.5 million senior secured term loan facility of Navistar, Inc., which matures in August 2017, with a new $1.040 billion senior secured term loan, which will mature in August 2020. The refinancing will extend the maturity of the term loan facility and provide additional liquidity and financial flexibility for the company.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a> charged Navistar with misleading investors about its development of the advanced technology truck engine.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2017, a Tennessee jury found that Navistar committed fraud and violated the Tennessee Consumer Practice Act in connection with the sale of 243 Navistar International ProStars with MaxxForce engines to Milan Supply Chain Solutions. It awarded $10.8 million in actual damages and $20 million in punitive damages. The trial included testimony from Jim Hebe, who previously was the senior vice president, North America Sales Operations. Hebe retired in October 2012. Hebe's testimony about the engine program mentioned that the company "did not test s**t". In a statement, Navistar said it is disappointed in the jury's verdict and is evaluating its options to challenge it, noting it has successfully defended similar claims in several jurisdictions, including dismissal of claims of fraud in courts in Texas, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, Alabama, and Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facilities">Facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_facilities">Corporate facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Corporate facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:200px;">Name </th> <th style="width:100px;">City/state </th> <th style="width:100px;">Country </th> <th style="width:120px;">Year opened </th> <th style="width:150px;">Employees </th> <th style="width:200px;">Use </th> <th style="width:300px;" class="unsortable">Comments </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">International World Headquarters </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lisle,_Illinois" title="Lisle, Illinois">Lisle, Illinois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2011 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,991 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">International purchased the facility for $110 million in 2011 in an effort to consolidate their corporate headquarters as well as their Truck and Engine divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Former <a href="/wiki/Lucent_Technologies" title="Lucent Technologies">Lucent Technologies</a> Campus.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bendix_Woods" title="Bendix Woods">Navistar Proving Grounds</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Carlisle,_Indiana" title="New Carlisle, Indiana">New Carlisle, Indiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1926, acquired by Navistar in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Navistar acquired the facility to replace their former proving grounds in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a>. </td> <td>Facility was opened in 1926 by <a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> as the world's first-ever controlled automotive-testing grounds. Navistar acquired the facility from <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bosch_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bosch GmbH">Bosch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Navistar Advanced Technology Center </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio, Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2021 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">650 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Facility used to test and validate components used in diesel and Electric trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Facility was purchased to replace Navistar's former technical center in <a href="/wiki/Melrose_Park,_Illinois" title="Melrose Park, Illinois">Melrose Park, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing_facilities">Manufacturing facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Manufacturing facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:200px;">Name </th> <th style="width:100px;">City/state </th> <th style="width:100px;">Country </th> <th style="width:120px;">Year Opened </th> <th style="width:150px;">Employees </th> <th style="width:200px;">Products </th> <th style="width:300px;" class="unsortable">Comments </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Springfield Assembly Plant </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Ohio" title="Springfield, Ohio">Springfield, Ohio</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1961<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,450 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Silverado#Medium_duty_version_(4500HD,_5500HD,_6500HD_and_International_CV)" title="Chevrolet Silverado">CV Series</a> (also produced as Chevrolet Silverado C6500 HD), <a href="/wiki/International_DuraStar" title="International DuraStar">MV Series</a>,<a href="/wiki/International_WorkStar" title="International WorkStar">HV Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Express" title="Chevrolet Express">GM Vista Light Duty</a> </td> <td>Last former <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a> facility still in use by Navistar. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Tulsa Bus Plant </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma" title="Tulsa, Oklahoma">Tulsa Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1941, Leased by IC bus since 2001<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">918 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_3000" title="International 3000">RE-Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_3300" title="International 3300">CE-Series</a>, TC-Series </td> <td>Facility originally opened as a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas Aircraft">Douglas Aircraft</a> bombing assembly. IC currently shares the facility with <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Huntsville Powertrain Manufacturing Plant </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama" title="Huntsville, Alabama">Huntsville, Alabama</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2008 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">217<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">A26 engine, S13 integrated powertrain </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Escobedo Assembly Plant </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/General_Escobedo" title="General Escobedo">Escobedo, Nuevo León</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1998 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,200<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_Paystar" title="International Paystar">HX Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_ProStar" title="International ProStar">LT Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Transtar" title="International Transtar">RH Series</a> </td> <td>Former Blue Diamond Truck (truck designs shared with Ford) from 2001 to 2015 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">San Antonio Manufacturing Plant </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio, Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2022 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">600<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">HV Series, LT Series, RH Series </td> <td>Assembly was the first opened by Navistar in decades. Designed so that both electric and conventional trucks can be assembled on the same line.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_facilities">Former facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Former facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:200px;">Name </th> <th style="width:100px;">City/state </th> <th style="width:100px;">Country </th> <th style="width:120px;">Year Opened </th> <th style="width:150px;">Year Closed </th> <th style="width:200px;">Products/Uses </th> <th style="width:300px;" class="unsortable">Comments </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Chatham Assembly Plant </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Chatham, Ontario">Chatham, Ontario</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1948<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2011 </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/International_LoneStar" title="International LoneStar">LoneStar</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_ProStar" title="International ProStar">ProStar</a> </td> <td>Facility replaced an older factory on Grand Avenue East that was built in 1922. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Melrose Park Technical Center/Engine Plant </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Melrose_Park,_Illinois" title="Melrose Park, Illinois">Melrose Park, Illinois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1941, acquired by <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a> in 1946 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2018 engine plant, 2021 technical center<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Engine engineering, <a href="/wiki/Navistar_DT_engine" title="Navistar DT engine">DT engine</a> </td> <td>Facility was originally built as a <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a> Aviation plant, following the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a> International purchased the facility and used it as the headquarters for their engine group. The main facility was broken into two sections one being engine test cells and later truck component testing and the other being engine production. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Fort Wayne Truck Development Technology Center. </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1950 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2012<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Truck engineering </td> <td>Facility was the headquarters for International's truck division. located across the street from International Harvester's Fort Wayne assembly. The facility was closed after the opening of Navistar's World Headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Lisle,_Illinois" title="Lisle, Illinois">Lisle, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Pure Power Technologies Waukesha Foundry </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Waukesha,_Wisconsin" title="Waukesha, Wisconsin">Waukesha, Wisconsin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1896, acquired by International Harvester in 1946 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">Sold 2015, closed 2020<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ductile_iron" title="Ductile iron">ductile iron</a> and high-temperature and abrasion-resistant ferrous alloy engine components. </td> <td>Facility was acquired by International from the U.S. government which had been operating it as a defense plant. Navistar eventually reorganized its foundries under its Pure Power Technologies Division in 2012. In 2015 the facility was sold to the Grede foundry group in 2015 which operated it until its closure in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Indianapolis Engine Assembly and Foundry </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianapolis, Indiana">Indianapolis, Indiana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1937 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2009 assembly, 2015 foundery<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Engine_block" title="Engine block">Engine blocks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navistar_T444E_engine" title="Navistar T444E engine">T444E engine</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_IDI" title="International Harvester IDI">International IDI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navistar_VT_engine" title="Navistar VT engine">VT engine</a> </td> <td>Plant was constructed by international in an effort to consolidate its engine production into one facility. By the 1980s the plant began producing engines for <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> trucks eventually under the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Power_Stroke_engine" title="Ford Power Stroke engine">Power Stroke</a> brand. This partnership would continue until 2009 prompting the idling of the engine assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Garland Truck Plant </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Garland,_Texas" title="Garland, Texas">Garland, Texas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1963, acquired by Navistar in 1997 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2013<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">LoneStar, <a href="/wiki/International_Transtar" title="International Transtar">TranStar</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_WorkStar" title="International WorkStar">WorkStar</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Paystar" title="International Paystar">PayStar</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_MaxxPro" title="International MaxxPro">MaxxPro</a><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Plant was originally constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Marmon_Motor_Company" title="Marmon Motor Company">Marmon Motor Company</a> and was their primary assembly until 1997 when they were absorbed into Navistar. The closure was announced in an attempt to cut costs with the facility's production being relocated to assemblies in Springfield, Ohio; and Escobedo, Mexico<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Columbus Plastics Operation </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1981 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">Sold 1996<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Plastic components, <a href="/wiki/Sheet_moulding_compound" title="Sheet moulding compound">SMC</a> parts (such as fenders, hoods and cowls) <sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Navistar sold the plant to Rymac Mortgage Investment Corp for $38 million in stocks citing a decrease in demand for plastic products.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Equitable_Building_(Chicago)" title="Equitable Building (Chicago)">Equitable Building</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1965 <sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1989 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Corporate Headquarters </td> <td>International Harvester and later Navistar occupied eleven floors in the building. The tower was constructed on the former site of <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_McCormick" title="Cyrus McCormick">Cyrus McCormick's</a> original <a href="/wiki/Reaper" title="Reaper">reaper</a> works that were destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Chicago_Fire" title="Great Chicago Fire">Great Chicago Fire</a> of 1871. International moved to the building from an older building also on Michigan Avenue stating that they intended to "return to their birthplace."<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/NBC_Tower" title="NBC Tower">NBC Tower</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Chicago, Illinois </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1989<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2000<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Corporate Headquarters </td> <td>Navistar occupied several floors in the building from the tower's completion until 2000 when the decision was made to move to the suburbs to cut costs. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Navistar Corporate Headquarters </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Warrenville,_Illinois" title="Warrenville, Illinois">Warrenville, Illinois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">U.S. </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2000<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2011 </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Corporate Headquarters </td> <td>Six-story office building that Navistar leased. The office was closed in 2011 when Navistar decided to consolidate all corporate operations into one facility in nearby Lisle. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">MWM Manufacturing Plant </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="São Paulo, Brazil">São Paulo</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1953 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">Sold 2022 </td> <td>Engine components. </td> <td>MWM was sold to Tupy S.A. in 2022. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="title"><div>International Motors vehicles</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:InternationalLoneStar.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="2010 International LoneStar tractor truck"><img alt="2010 International LoneStar tractor truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/InternationalLoneStar.JPG/200px-InternationalLoneStar.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/InternationalLoneStar.JPG/300px-InternationalLoneStar.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/InternationalLoneStar.JPG/400px-InternationalLoneStar.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2920" data-file-height="1947" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2010 <a href="/wiki/International_LoneStar" title="International LoneStar">International LoneStar</a> tractor truck</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inter-latrun-exhibition-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="IDF Custom International"><img alt="IDF Custom International" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Inter-latrun-exhibition-1.jpg/200px-Inter-latrun-exhibition-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Inter-latrun-exhibition-1.jpg/300px-Inter-latrun-exhibition-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Inter-latrun-exhibition-1.jpg/400px-Inter-latrun-exhibition-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="865" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">IDF Custom International</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-07-24_International_truck_docked_at_Duke_Hospital_South_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Navistar International truck operated by Sysco, docked at Duke Hospital South in Durham, North Carolina"><img alt="A CE300 school bus made by IC Corporation transporting Houston ISD students" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2008-07-24_International_truck_docked_at_Duke_Hospital_South_2.jpg/200px-2008-07-24_International_truck_docked_at_Duke_Hospital_South_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2008-07-24_International_truck_docked_at_Duke_Hospital_South_2.jpg/300px-2008-07-24_International_truck_docked_at_Duke_Hospital_South_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/2008-07-24_International_truck_docked_at_Duke_Hospital_South_2.jpg/400px-2008-07-24_International_truck_docked_at_Duke_Hospital_South_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Navistar International truck operated by Sysco, docked at Duke Hospital South in Durham, North Carolina</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HISDSchoolBus.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="IC Bus CE300 school bus"><img alt="An International DuraStar used to transport Dumpsters" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/HISDSchoolBus.JPG/200px-HISDSchoolBus.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/HISDSchoolBus.JPG/300px-HISDSchoolBus.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/HISDSchoolBus.JPG/400px-HISDSchoolBus.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC Bus</a> CE300 school bus</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-11-11_Unloading_dumspter_from_a_truck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="International DuraStar medium-duty truck"><img alt="International DuraStar medium-duty truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/2008-11-11_Unloading_dumspter_from_a_truck.jpg/200px-2008-11-11_Unloading_dumspter_from_a_truck.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/2008-11-11_Unloading_dumspter_from_a_truck.jpg/300px-2008-11-11_Unloading_dumspter_from_a_truck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/2008-11-11_Unloading_dumspter_from_a_truck.jpg/400px-2008-11-11_Unloading_dumspter_from_a_truck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/International_Durastar" class="mw-redirect" title="International Durastar">International DuraStar</a> medium-duty truck</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:15-07-16-Straszenszenen-Mexico-RalfR-WMA_1084.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="International 4700 SCD[139]"><img alt="International 4700 SCD[139]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/15-07-16-Straszenszenen-Mexico-RalfR-WMA_1084.jpg/200px-15-07-16-Straszenszenen-Mexico-RalfR-WMA_1084.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/15-07-16-Straszenszenen-Mexico-RalfR-WMA_1084.jpg/300px-15-07-16-Straszenszenen-Mexico-RalfR-WMA_1084.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/15-07-16-Straszenszenen-Mexico-RalfR-WMA_1084.jpg/400px-15-07-16-Straszenszenen-Mexico-RalfR-WMA_1084.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">International 4700 SCD<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Traton_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Traton Group">Traton Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.navistar.com/governance/executive-management/default.aspx">"Executive Management"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Management&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.navistar.com%2Fgovernance%2Fexecutive-management%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10KOCT312017-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10KOCT312017_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/808450/000080845017000140/nav10k2017.htm">"US SEC: Form 10-K Navistar International Corporation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+SEC%3A+Form+10-K+Navistar+International+Corporation&rft.pub=U.S.+Securities+and+Exchange+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.gov%2FArchives%2Fedgar%2Fdata%2F808450%2F000080845017000140%2Fnav10k2017.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011209080828/http://www.navistar.com/news_room/press_release.asp?Page=2000_2nd_Q%2Fpress_release_032300_new_name.htm">"International Truck and Engine Corporation Concept v2.1"</a> (Press release). December 9, 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navistar.com/news_room/press_release.asp?Page=2000_2nd_Q/press_release_032300_new_name.htm">the original</a> on December 9, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Campus to Developer"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+to+Sell+Melrose+Park%2C+Ill.+Campus+to+Developer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.navistar.com%2F2021-01-13-Navistar-to-Sell-Melrose-Park-Ill-Campus-to-Developer%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520company%2520expects%2520to%2520cease%2Cwell%2520as%2520its%2520own%2520operations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/09/28/International-Harvester-to-stay-in-Springfield/6087402033600/">"International Harvester to stay in Springfield"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Harvester+to+stay+in+Springfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1982%2F09%2F28%2FInternational-Harvester-to-stay-in-Springfield%2F6087402033600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/dayton/stories/2001/06/04/daily13.html">Navistar opens Tulsa bus plant</a> Dayton Business Journal</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=TU006">"Tulsa Bomber Plant | the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tulsa+Bomber+Plant+%26%23124%3B+the+Encyclopedia+of+Oklahoma+History+and+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.okhistory.org%2Fpublications%2Fenc%2Fentry%3Fentry%3DTU006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rvlife.com/maxxforce-engine-plant-tour-huntsville-al/">"MaxxForce® Engine Plant Tour - Huntsville, AL"</a>. July 22, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MaxxForce%C2%AE+Engine+Plant+Tour+-+Huntsville%2C+AL&rft.date=2011-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frvlife.com%2Fmaxxforce-engine-plant-tour-huntsville-al%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vallartadaily.com/navistar-produces-the-first-100-electric-truck-in-mexico/">"Navistar produces the first 100% electric truck in Mexico"</a>. September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+produces+the+first+100%25+electric+truck+in+Mexico&rft.date=2022-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vallartadaily.com%2Fnavistar-produces-the-first-100-electric-truck-in-mexico%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.navistar.com/2022-03-23-Navistar-Celebrates-Grand-Opening-of-its-Benchmark-San-Antonio-Manufacturing-Plant">"Navistar Celebrates Grand Opening of its Benchmark San Antonio Manufacturing Plant"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+Celebrates+Grand+Opening+of+its+Benchmark+San+Antonio+Manufacturing+Plant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.navistar.com%2F2022-03-23-Navistar-Celebrates-Grand-Opening-of-its-Benchmark-San-Antonio-Manufacturing-Plant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bizjournals.com/sanantonio/news/2022/03/24/navistar-expansion.html">Navistar expanding new SA facility to accommodate EV growth</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikimapia.org/9421410/Navistar-International-Trucks-Chatham-Assembly-Plant">"Navistar - International Trucks - Chatham Assembly Plant - Chatham, Ontario"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+-+International+Trucks+-+Chatham+Assembly+Plant+-+Chatham%2C+Ontario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwikimapia.org%2F9421410%2FNavistar-International-Trucks-Chatham-Assembly-Plant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-navistar-international-corp-says-w/brief-navistar-international-corp-says-will-cease-all-engine-production-at-its-plant-in-melrose-park-ill-by-q2-2018-idUSFWN1KP1AC">"Navistar International Corp says will cease all engine production at its plant in Melrose Park, Ill by Q2, 2018"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. August 3, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Navistar+International+Corp+says+will+cease+all+engine+production+at+its+plant+in+Melrose+Park%2C+Ill+by+Q2%2C+2018&rft.date=2017-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fbrief-navistar-international-corp-says-w%2Fbrief-navistar-international-corp-says-will-cease-all-engine-production-at-its-plant-in-melrose-park-ill-by-q2-2018-idUSFWN1KP1AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/columns/ryan-ori/ct-biz-navistar-closing-melrose-park-facility-ryan-ori-20210115-pg5k76pznjbqtegpx5ob2clgfm-story.html">"Navistar to shut down, lay off workers and sell its 84-acre manufacturing facility in Melrose Park, which is set for redevelopment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. January 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Navistar+to+shut+down%2C+lay+off+workers+and+sell+its+84-acre+manufacturing+facility+in+Melrose+Park%2C+which+is+set+for+redevelopment&rft.date=2021-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fcolumns%2Fryan-ori%2Fct-biz-navistar-closing-melrose-park-facility-ryan-ori-20210115-pg5k76pznjbqtegpx5ob2clgfm-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wowo.com/fort-wayne-navistar-engineering-and-testing-facility-begins-next-chapter/">"Fort Wayne Navistar engineering and testing facility begins next chapter"</a>. August 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fort+Wayne+Navistar+engineering+and+testing+facility+begins+next+chapter&rft.date=2021-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wowo.com%2Ffort-wayne-navistar-engineering-and-testing-facility-begins-next-chapter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fwbusiness.com/business/latest/businessweekly/article_3803b78a-d277-5166-98c5-9146869fb568.html">"Navistar Fort Wayne complex on market"</a>. August 2, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+Fort+Wayne+complex+on+market&rft.date=2012-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fwbusiness.com%2Fbusiness%2Flatest%2Fbusinessweekly%2Farticle_3803b78a-d277-5166-98c5-9146869fb568.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dieselprogress.com/news/renaissance-to-close-124-year-old-waukesha-foundry/5032732.article">"Renaissance to Close 124-Year-Old Waukesha Foundry"</a>. June 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Renaissance+to+Close+124-Year-Old+Waukesha+Foundry&rft.date=2020-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dieselprogress.com%2Fnews%2Frenaissance-to-close-124-year-old-waukesha-foundry%2F5032732.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foundrymag.com/materials/article/21928517/navistar-sells-waukesha-foundry-to-equity-group">"StackPath"</a>. May 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=StackPath&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foundrymag.com%2Fmaterials%2Farticle%2F21928517%2Fnavistar-sells-waukesha-foundry-to-equity-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insideindianabusiness.com/articles/navistar-shutting-down-indianapolis-operation">"Navistar Shutting Down Indianapolis Operation"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+Shutting+Down+Indianapolis+Operation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insideindianabusiness.com%2Farticles%2Fnavistar-shutting-down-indianapolis-operation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indyencyclopedia.org/navistar-international-transportation-corporation/">"Navistar International Transportation Corporation"</a>. March 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+International+Transportation+Corporation&rft.date=2021-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findyencyclopedia.org%2Fnavistar-international-transportation-corporation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/navistar-closing-garland-plant-900-employees-out-of-work/2073472/">"Navistar Closing Garland Plant, 900 Employees Out of Work"</a>. April 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+Closing+Garland+Plant%2C+900+Employees+Out+of+Work&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcdfw.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnavistar-closing-garland-plant-900-employees-out-of-work%2F2073472%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ttnews.com/articles/navistar-close-texas-truck-plant">"Navistar to Close Texas Truck Plant"</a>. October 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+to+Close+Texas+Truck+Plant&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ttnews.com%2Farticles%2Fnavistar-close-texas-truck-plant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aftermarketnews.com/navistar-to-close-garland-truck-plant/">"Navistar to Close Garland Truck Plant"</a>. October 31, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+to+Close+Garland+Truck+Plant&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aftermarketnews.com%2Fnavistar-to-close-garland-truck-plant%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plasticsnews.com/article/19960923/NEWS/309239989/navistar-signs-definitive-pact-to-sell-columbus-plastics-unit">"Navistar Signs Definitive Pact to Sell Columbus Plastics Unit"</a>. January 5, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+Signs+Definitive+Pact+to+Sell+Columbus+Plastics+Unit&rft.date=2013-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plasticsnews.com%2Farticle%2F19960923%2FNEWS%2F309239989%2Fnavistar-signs-definitive-pact-to-sell-columbus-plastics-unit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.plasticsnews.com/article/19960122/NEWS/301229960/slowdown-may-push-navistar-to-sell-molding-plant-in-ohio">"Slowdown May Push Navistar to Sell Molding Plant in Ohio"</a>. January 5, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slowdown+May+Push+Navistar+to+Sell+Molding+Plant+in+Ohio&rft.date=2013-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.plasticsnews.com%2Farticle%2F19960122%2FNEWS%2F301229960%2Fslowdown-may-push-navistar-to-sell-molding-plant-in-ohio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-05-15-9605160112-story.html">"Navistar to sell stake: Navistar International Corp"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. May 15, 1996.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Navistar+to+sell+stake%3A+Navistar+International+Corp&rft.date=1996-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1996-05-15-9605160112-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/10/archives/2-companies-plan-plaza-in-chicago-equitable-and-tribune-will.html">"2 COMPANIES PLAN PLAZA IN CHICAGO; Equitable and Tribune Will Dedicate Area to Pioneers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 10, 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=2+COMPANIES+PLAN+PLAZA+IN+CHICAGO%3B+Equitable+and+Tribune+Will+Dedicate+Area+to+Pioneers&rft.date=1964-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F11%2F10%2Farchives%2F2-companies-plan-plaza-in-chicago-equitable-and-tribune-will.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGowran1964" class="citation news cs1">Gowran, Clay (November 10, 1964). "Name River Beauty Spot 'Pioneer Court'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Chicago Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Name+River+Beauty+Spot+%27Pioneer+Court%27&rft.date=1964-11-10&rft.aulast=Gowran&rft.aufirst=Clay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-04-26-8904070429-story.html">"Navistar to Move Offices to NBC Tower"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. April 26, 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Navistar+to+Move+Offices+to+NBC+Tower&rft.date=1989-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1989-04-26-8904070429-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.automotive-fleet.com/8454/navistar-may-move-headquarters-from-chicago-to-suburbs">"Navistar May Move Headquarters from Chicago to Suburbs"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navistar+May+Move+Headquarters+from+Chicago+to+Suburbs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.automotive-fleet.com%2F8454%2Fnavistar-may-move-headquarters-from-chicago-to-suburbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20000929/NEWS12/2000574/warrenville-for-navistar">"Warrenville for Navistar"</a>. September 28, 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warrenville+for+Navistar&rft.date=2000-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagobusiness.com%2Farticle%2F20000929%2FNEWS12%2F2000574%2Fwarrenville-for-navistar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150722165654/http://mexico.internationaltrucks.com/autobuses/4700scd.html">"International Trucks"</a>. <i>Mexico.internationaltrucks.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mexico.internationaltrucks.com/autobuses/4700scd.html">the original</a> on July 22, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mexico.internationaltrucks.com&rft.atitle=International+Trucks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmexico.internationaltrucks.com%2Fautobuses%2F4700scd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInternational+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Navistar_International" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Navistar International">Navistar International</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navistar.com/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internationaltrucks.com/">International Trucks</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Historical business data for Navistar International Corporation:</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=808450">SEC filings</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audi_Sport_GmbH" title="Audi Sport GmbH">Audi Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H._J._Mulliner_%26_Co." title="H. J. Mulliner & Co.">Mulliner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamborghini" title="Lamborghini">Lamborghini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout (automobile)">Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cupra_(marque)" title="Cupra (marque)">Cupra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_R" title="Volkswagen R">VW R</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehol_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sehol (marque)">Sehol</a> (<abbr title="Joint venture">JV</abbr> with <a href="/wiki/JAC_Group" title="JAC Group">JAC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jetta_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetta (marque)">Jetta</a> (JV with <a href="/wiki/FAW_Group" title="FAW Group">FAW</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Truck_%26_Bus" title="MAN Truck & Bus">MAN Truck & Bus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Truck_%26_Bus" title="Volkswagen Truck & Bus">Volkswagen Truck & Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Commercial_Vehicles" title="Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles">Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorcycles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ducati_Motor_Holding" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducati Motor Holding">Ducati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MAN_Energy_Solutions" title="MAN Energy Solutions">MAN Energy Solutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electrify_America" title="Electrify America">Electrify America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrify_Canada" title="Electrify Canada">Electrify Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italdesign_Giugiaro" title="Italdesign Giugiaro">Italdesign Giugiaro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto_Volkswagen_India" title="Škoda Auto Volkswagen India">Škoda Auto Volkswagen India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_of_America" title="Volkswagen Group of America">Volkswagen Group of America</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/VW_Electronics_Research_Laboratory" title="VW Electronics Research Laboratory">Electronics Research Laboratory</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Argentina" title="Volkswagen Argentina">Volkswagen Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_do_Brasil" title="Volkswagen do Brasil">Volkswagen do Brasil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoLatina" title="AutoLatina">AutoLatina</a> (defunct)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_China" title="Volkswagen Group China">Volkswagen Group China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Volkswagen de México">Volkswagen de México</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_Rus" title="Volkswagen Group Rus">Volkswagen Group Rus</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_of_South_Africa" title="Volkswagen of South Africa">Volkswagen of South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shareholdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Volkswagen" title="SAIC Volkswagen">SAIC Volkswagen</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAW-Volkswagen" title="FAW-Volkswagen">FAW-Volkswagen</a> (40%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Anhui" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen Anhui">Volkswagen Anhui</a> (75%)</li> <li>Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Group Holdings (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAV" class="mw-redirect" title="IAV">IAV</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_Technologies" title="Here Technologies">Here</a> (33.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_AI" title="Argo AI">Argo AI</a> (42%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinotruk_(Hong_Kong)" title="Sinotruk (Hong Kong)">Sinotruk (Hong Kong)</a> (25%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors#History" title="Hino Motors">Hino and Traton Global Procurement</a> (51%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and<br />technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_platforms" title="List of Volkswagen Group platforms">Platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Volkswagen_vehicles" title="Category:Volkswagen vehicles">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_engines" title="List of Volkswagen Group engines">Engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Diesel:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines" title="List of Volkswagen Group diesel engines">current</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines" title="List of discontinued Volkswagen Group diesel engines">discontinued</a></li> <li><i>Petrol:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_petrol_engines" title="List of Volkswagen Group petrol engines">current</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_Volkswagen_Group_petrol_engines" title="List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines">discontinued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_Volkswagen_engines" title="List of North American Volkswagen engines">North America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BlueMotion" title="BlueMotion">BlueMotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digifant_engine_management_system" title="Digifant engine management system">Digifant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct-shift_gearbox" title="Direct-shift gearbox">DSG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETKA" title="ETKA">ETKA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection" title="Gasoline direct injection">FSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_injector" title="Unit injector">Pumpe Düse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattro_(four-wheel-drive_system)" title="Quattro (four-wheel-drive system)">Quattro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDI_(engine)" title="SDI (engine)">SDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDI_(engine)" title="TDI (engine)">TDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VAG-COM" class="mw-redirect" title="VAG-COM">VAG-COM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Union" title="Auto Union">Auto Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKW" title="DKW">DKW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horch" title="Horch">Horch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSU_Motorenwerke" title="NSU Motorenwerke">NSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanderer_(company)" title="Wanderer (company)">Wanderer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autostadt" title="Autostadt">Autostadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehra-Lessien" title="Ehra-Lessien">Ehra-Lessien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Volkswagen_Group_factories" title="List of Volkswagen Group factories">Factories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Volkswagen_Group_people" title="Category:Volkswagen Group people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Porsche" title="Ferdinand Porsche">Ferdinand Porsche</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hahn" title="Carl Hahn">Carl Hahn</a> (Chairman Emeritus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Hirst" title="Ivan Hirst">Ivan Hirst</a> (Former Managing Director)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Leiding" title="Rudolf Leiding">Rudolf Leiding</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Lotz" title="Kurt Lotz">Kurt Lotz</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Nordhoff" title="Heinrich Nordhoff">Heinrich Nordhoff</a> (Former Managing Director)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Pi%C3%ABch" title="Ferdinand Piëch">Ferdinand Piëch</a> (Former Chairman of the Supervisory Board, former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Pischetsrieder" title="Bernd Pischetsrieder">Bernd Pischetsrieder</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Dieter_P%C3%B6tsch" title="Hans Dieter Pötsch">Hans Dieter Pötsch</a> (Chairman of the Supervisory Board)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Schm%C3%BCcker" title="Toni Schmücker">Toni Schmücker</a> (Former CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Winterkorn" title="Martin Winterkorn">Martin Winterkorn</a> (Former Chairman of the Board of Management)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche-Pi%C3%ABch_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche-Piëch family">Porsche Family</a> (owner)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motorsport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Teams: <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Motorsport" title="Volkswagen Motorsport">Rally Teams</a></li> <li>Series: <a href="/wiki/Formula_Vee" title="Formula Vee">Formula Vee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_Super_Vee" title="Formula Super Vee">Formula Super Vee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formula_Volkswagen_Germany" title="Formula Volkswagen Germany">Formula Volkswagen Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Jetta_TDI_Cup" title="Volkswagen Jetta TDI Cup">Jetta TDI Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Scirocco_R-Cup" title="Volkswagen Scirocco R-Cup">Scirocco R Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_emissions_scandal" title="Volkswagen emissions scandal">Volkswagen Emissions Scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_currywurst" title="Volkswagen currywurst">Volkswagen Currywurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_worker_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen worker organizations">Volkswagen worker organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Volkswagen_Group" title="Category:Volkswagen Group">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Motors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Motors" title="Template:International Motors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Motors" title="Template talk:International Motors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Motors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Motors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Motors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Motors</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>A subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Traton" title="Traton">Traton</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC Bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmTran" title="AmTran">AmTran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Body_Works" title="Ward Body Works">Ward Body Works</a> <small>[defunct]</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MWM_International_Motores" title="MWM International Motores">MWM International Motores</a> <small>[sold]</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Coach_Corporation" title="Monaco Coach Corporation">Monaco Coach</a> <small>[sold]</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-650" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford F-650">Blue Diamond Truck</a> <small>[defunct]</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Truck_and_Bus_Division" title="Mahindra Truck and Bus Division">Mahindra Navistar</a> <small>[sold]</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NC2_Global" title="NC2 Global">NC2 Global</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester/Navistar_engines" title="List of International Harvester/Navistar engines">List of International Harvester/Navistar engines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Power_Stroke_engine" title="Ford Power Stroke engine">Ford Power Stroke engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_IDI" title="International Harvester IDI">International Harvester IDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navistar_DT_engine" title="Navistar DT engine">Navistar DT engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navistar_T444E_engine" title="Navistar T444E engine">Navistar T444E engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navistar_VT_engine" title="Navistar VT engine">Navistar VT engine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester_vehicles" title="List of International Harvester vehicles">List of International Harvester vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_Company_Warehouse" title="International Harvester Company Warehouse">International Harvester Company Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester_strike_of_1979%E2%80%9380" class="mw-redirect" title="International Harvester strike of 1979–80">International Harvester strike of 1979–80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormick-International_Harvester_Company_Branch_House" class="mw-redirect" title="McCormick-International Harvester Company Branch House">McCormick-International Harvester Company Branch House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modec" title="Modec">Modec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Truck_product_line" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_Truck" title="Template:International Truck"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_Truck" title="Template talk:International Truck"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_Truck" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International Truck"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Truck_product_line" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Truck</a> product line</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Military<br />Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Current</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tatra_815" title="Tatra 815">AXT-6/AXT-8</a></li> <li>SOTV-A</li> <li>SOTV-B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_MXT-MV" title="International MXT-MV">International MXT-MV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_MaxxPro" title="International MaxxPro">MaxxPro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_5000-MV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International 5000-MV (page does not exist)">5000-MV</a> (PayStar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navistar_7000_series" title="Navistar 7000 series">7000-MV</a> (WorkStar)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Discontinued</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Future_Tactical_Truck_System#International_truck" title="Future Tactical Truck System">FTTS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_4000-MV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International 4000-MV (page does not exist)">4000-MV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Commercial<br />Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Trucks</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Current</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_ProStar" title="International ProStar">LT series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_RH_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International RH Series (page does not exist)">RH series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_HX_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International HX Series (page does not exist)">HX series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_HV_Series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International HV Series (page does not exist)">HV series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_MV_Series" title="International MV Series">MV series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Silverado#International_CV" title="Chevrolet Silverado">CV series</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Discontinued</dt> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Cargostar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Cargostar (page does not exist)">Cargostar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_Loadstar" title="International Loadstar">Loadstar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_Fleetstar" title="International Fleetstar">Fleetstar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_Transtar#Historical_Variants" title="International Transtar">Transtar/Transtar II</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_S_series" title="International S series">S series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_9000_(COE)" title="International 9000 (COE)">9000 (COE)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ford_LCF" title="Ford LCF">CityStar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_Paystar" title="International Paystar">PayStar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_9000" title="International 9000">9000 series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_ProStar" title="International ProStar">ProStar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_TerraStar" title="International TerraStar">TerraStar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_Transtar" title="International Transtar">TranStar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_WorkStar" title="International WorkStar">WorkStar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_DuraStar" title="International DuraStar">DuraStar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_LoneStar" title="International LoneStar">LoneStar</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Bus Chassis</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Current</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_DuraStar#Bus" title="International DuraStar">3200</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_3300" title="International 3300">3300</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Discontinued</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_S_series_(bus_chassis)" title="International S series (bus chassis)">S series “Schoolmaster”</a></dd> <dd>1853FC</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_3000" title="International 3000">3000</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Vista" title="Thomas Vista">3600</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_S_series_(bus_chassis)" title="International S series (bus chassis)">3800</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_3000#3900" title="International 3000">3900</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Tractors</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farmall" title="Farmall">Farmall</a> <i>(discontinued)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cub_Cadet" title="Cub Cadet">Cub Cadet</a> <i>(acquired by <a href="/wiki/MTD_Products" class="mw-redirect" title="MTD Products">MTD Products</a>)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Delivery Vans<br /><i>(discontinued)</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Metro_Van" title="International Metro Van">Metro Van</a> <ul><li>KM and KBM (1938–1949)</li> <li>LM series (1950–1952)</li> <li>RM series (1953–1955)</li> <li>SM series (1956–1959)</li> <li>AM/BM/CM series (1960–1972)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">Retail Vehicles<br /><i>(discontinued)</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Pickup</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_K_and_KB_series" title="International K and KB series">K and KB</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_L_series" title="International L series">L series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_R_series" title="International R series">R series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_S_series" title="International S series">S series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_A_series" title="International A series">A/B series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_C_series" title="International C series">C/D series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_Light_Line_pickup" title="International Light Line pickup">1000/100 series</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_XT" title="International XT">XT series</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>SUV</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_Scout" title="International Scout">Scout</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/International_Travelall" title="International Travelall">Travelall</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester_vehicles" title="List of International Harvester vehicles">List of International Harvester vehicles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_Harvester/Navistar_engines" title="List of International Harvester/Navistar engines">List of International Harvester/Navistar engines</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_International_(brand)_trucks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of International (brand) trucks">List of International (brand) trucks</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ford_Power_Stroke_engine" title="Ford Power Stroke engine">Ford Power Stroke engine</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Automotive industry in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">Automotive industry in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicle<br />manufacturers<br />and brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Current <br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_United_States" title="List of automobile manufacturers of the United States">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGCO" title="AGCO">AGCO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_Tractor" title="Challenger Tractor">Challenger Tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massey_Ferguson" title="Massey Ferguson">Massey Ferguson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM_General" title="AM General">AM General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workhorse_Group" title="Workhorse Group">Amp Electric Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcimoto" title="Arcimoto">Arcimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_Runner" title="Rhino Runner">Armour Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATK_motorcycles" class="mw-redirect" title="ATK motorcycles">ATK motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocar_Company" title="Autocar Company">Autocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Bird_Corporation" title="Blue Bird Corporation">Blue Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callaway_Cars" title="Callaway Cars">Callaway Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czinger" title="Czinger">Czinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Patrol_Vehicle" title="Desert Patrol Vehicle">Chenowth Racing Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Performance_Vehicles" title="Environmental Performance Vehicles">Environmental Performance Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equus_Bass_770" title="Equus Bass 770">Equus Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_River_(company)" title="Forest River (company)">Forest River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Bus_Incorporated" title="Champion Bus Incorporated">Champion Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Industries" title="Collins Industries">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElDorado_(bus_manufacturer)" title="ElDorado (bus manufacturer)">ElDorado National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaval_Bus" title="Glaval Bus">Glaval Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starcraft_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Starcraft Bus">Starcraft Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Motor_Company" title="Lincoln Motor Company">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Vehicle_Team" title="Special Vehicle Team">SVT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_Land_Systems" title="General Dynamics Land Systems">General Dynamics Land Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_V_series" title="Cadillac V series">Cadillac V series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Performance" title="Chevrolet Performance">Chevrolet Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillig" title="Gillig">Gillig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growler_Manufacturing_and_Engineering" title="Growler Manufacturing and Engineering">Growler Manufacturing and Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley-Davidson" title="Harley-Davidson">Harley-Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingersoll_Rand" title="Ingersoll Rand">Ingersoll Rand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_Car" title="Club Car">Club Car</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Search_and_Rescue_Tactical_Vehicle" title="Storm Search and Rescue Tactical Vehicle">HDT Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HME,_Incorporated" title="HME, Incorporated">HME</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Motors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_Automotive" title="Karma Automotive">Karma Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffite_X-Road" title="Laffite X-Road">Laffite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenco_BearCat" title="Lenco BearCat">Lenco Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucid_Motors" title="Lucid Motors">Lucid Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_Trucks" title="Mack Trucks">Mack Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Luxury_Coaches" title="Millennium Luxury Coaches">Millennium Luxury Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Olson" title="Morgan Olson">Morgan Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Coach_Industries" title="Motor Coach Industries">Motor Coach Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Manufacturing" title="Pierce Manufacturing">Pierce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenworth" title="Kenworth">Kenworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterbilt" title="Peterbilt">Peterbilt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoz" title="Panoz">Panoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Polaris Industries">Polaris Industries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Electric_Motorcars" title="Global Electric Motorcars">Global Electric Motorcars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Motorcycle" title="Indian Motorcycle">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Motorcycles" title="Victory Motorcycles">Victory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REV_Group" title="REV Group">REV Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Enterprises" title="Fleetwood Enterprises">Fleetwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_Rambler" title="Holiday Rambler">Holiday Rambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Industries" title="Collins Industries">Laymor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeled_Coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheeled Coach">Wheeled Coach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezvani_Motors" title="Rezvani Motors">Rezvani Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivian" title="Rivian">Rivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Cameron_Glickenhaus" title="Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus">Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSC_North_America" title="SSC North America">SSC North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superformance" title="Superformance">Superformance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textron" title="Textron">Textron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Cat" title="Arctic Cat">Arctic Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Z-Go" class="mw-redirect" title="E-Z-Go">E-Z-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushman_(company)" title="Cushman (company)">Cushman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_Tech" title="Trans Tech">Trans Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilimaster_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Utilimaster Corporation">Ultimaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIA_Motors" title="VIA Motors">VIA Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLF_Automotive" title="VLF Automotive">VLF Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xos,_Inc." title="Xos, Inc.">Xos, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Motorcycles" title="Zero Motorcycles">Zero Motorcycles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Foreign <br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States" title="BMW in the United States">BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck_North_America" title="Daimler Truck North America">Daimler Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Honda_Motor_Company" title="American Honda Motor Company">Honda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acura" title="Acura">Acura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company#Regional_operations" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kia#Kia_Motors_America" title="Kia">Kia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_USA" title="Mercedes-Benz USA">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors_North_America" title="Mitsubishi Motors North America">Mitsubishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_USA" title="Nissan USA">Nissan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infiniti" title="Infiniti">Infiniti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seres_Group" title="Seres Group">Seres Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seres_(automobiles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seres (automobiles)">Seres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Stellantis</a><sup>1</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_(brand)" title="Chrysler (brand)">Chrysler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge" title="Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeep" title="Jeep">Jeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Trucks" title="Ram Trucks">Ram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_of_America" title="Subaru of America">Subaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_North_America" title="Toyota Motor North America">Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Engineering_%26_Manufacturing_North_America" title="Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America">Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_of_America" title="Volkswagen Group of America">Volkswagen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Defunct /<br /> former <sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allis-Chalmers" title="Allis-Chalmers">Allis-Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Austin_Car_Company" title="American Austin Car Company">American Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kurrent" title="The Kurrent">American Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_LaFrance" title="American LaFrance">American LaFrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Motors_Corporation" title="American Motors Corporation">American Motors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Motor_Car_Company" title="Hudson Motor Car Company">Hudson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essex_(automobile)" title="Essex (automobile)">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraplane" title="Terraplane">Terraplane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Motors" title="Nash Motors">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambler_(automobile)" title="Rambler (automobile)">Rambler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armor_Holdings" title="Armor Holdings">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_Motor_Car_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored Motor Car Company">Armored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Automobile" title="Auburn Automobile">Auburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurica_Motors" title="Aurica Motors">Aurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoette" title="Autoette">Autoette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanti_(car)" title="Avanti (car)">Avanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Company" title="Avery Company">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best_Manufacturing_Company" title="Best Manufacturing Company">BMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Electric_Vehicle" title="Boulder Electric Vehicle">Boulder Electric Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_Motors_Corporation" title="Carbon Motors Corporation">Carbon Motors Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checker_Motors_Corporation" title="Checker Motors Corporation">Checker Motors Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_Motor_Truck_Company" title="Clydesdale Motor Truck Company">Clydesdale Motor Truck Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_Automotive" title="Coda Automotive">Coda</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(automobile_company)" title="Commonwealth (automobile company)">Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(automobile)" title="Cord (automobile)">Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Corporation" title="Case Corporation">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNH_Global" class="mw-redirect" title="CNH Global">CNH Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle-Scoot" title="Cycle-Scoot">Cycle-Scoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeLorean_Motor_Company" title="DeLorean Motor Company">DeLorean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond-Star_Motors" title="Diamond-Star Motors">Diamond-Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duesenberg" title="Duesenberg">Duesenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durant_Motors" title="Durant Motors">Durant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flint_(automobile)" title="Flint (automobile)">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomobile_Company_of_America" title="Locomobile Company of America">Locomobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Truck" title="Mason Truck">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_(automobile)" title="Rugby (automobile)">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_(automobile)" title="Star (automobile)">Star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Bus">Eagle Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur_(automobile)" title="Excalibur (automobile)">Excalibur</a></li> <li>FCA US <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(automobile)" title="Eagle (automobile)">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_(automobile)" title="Plymouth (automobile)">Plymouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiberfab" title="Fiberfab">Fiberfab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitch_Four_Drive" title="Fitch Four Drive">Fitch Four Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Automotive" title="Fisker Automotive">Fisker Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Coachbuild" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Coachbuild">Fisker Coachbuild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_Protection_Inc" title="Force Protection Inc">Force Protection</a></li> <li>Ford <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Mark_II" title="Continental Mark II">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsel" title="Edsel">Edsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(automobile)" title="Mercury (automobile)">Mercury</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMC_Corporation" title="FMC Corporation">FMC</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>General Motors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartercar" title="Cartercar">Cartercar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmore_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elmore (automobile)">Elmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel_Division" title="General Motors Diesel Division">GM Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_(automobile)" title="Geo (automobile)">Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_(automobile)" title="LaSalle (automobile)">LaSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette_(automobile)" title="Marquette (automobile)">Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Motor_Car_Company" title="McLaughlin Motor Car Company">McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Motor_Car_Company" title="Oakland Motor Car Company">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Corporation" title="Saturn Corporation">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps-Booth" title="Scripps-Booth">Scripps-Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_(automobile)" title="Sheridan (automobile)">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_(automobile)" title="Viking (automobile)">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Coach_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company">Yellow Coach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goshen_Coach" title="Goshen Coach">Goshen Coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Vehicles" title="Green Vehicles">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenTech_Automotive" title="GreenTech Automotive">GreenTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henney_Kilowatt" title="Henney Kilowatt">Henney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_(automobile)" title="Jeffery (automobile)">Jeffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser-Frazer" title="Kaiser-Frazer">Kaiser-Frazer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allstate_(automobile)" title="Allstate (automobile)">Allstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazer_(automobile)" title="Frazer (automobile)">Frazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_J" title="Henry J">Henry J</a></li> <li>Kaiser</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willys" title="Willys">Willys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Motors" title="Local Motors">Local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Motor_Works" title="Marathon Motor Works">Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmon_Motor_Car_Company" title="Marmon Motor Car Company">Marmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_(automobile)" title="Roosevelt (automobile)">Roosevelt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_(automobile)" title="Marvel (automobile)">Marvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbro" title="Matbro">Matbro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_(automobile)" title="Mercer (automobile)">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Coach_Corporation" title="Monaco Coach Corporation">Monaco Coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosler_Automotive" title="Mosler Automotive">Mosler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MotoCzysz" title="MotoCzysz">MotoCzysz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntz_Car_Company" title="Muntz Car Company">Muntz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUMMI" title="NUMMI">New United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Bus_Industries" title="North American Bus Industries">North American Bus Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Farm_Equipment_Company" title="Oliver Farm Equipment Company">Oliver Farm Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerless_Motor_Company" title="Peerless Motor Company">Peerless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company" title="Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company">Pierce-Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebring_Vanguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebring Vanguard">Sebring Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Trucks" title="Sterling Trucks">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erskine_(automobile)" title="Erskine (automobile)">Erskine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockne" title="Rockne">Rockne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutz_Motor_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Stutz Motor Company">Stutz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scion_(automobile)" title="Scion (automobile)">Scion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Motor_Car_Corporation" title="Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation">Twentieth Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Defense" title="United Defense">United Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Production_Group" title="Vehicle Production Group">VPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_Vehicles" title="Visionary Vehicles">Visionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VL_Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="VL Automotive">VL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Motor_Company" title="White Motor Company">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_(motor_company)" title="Wildfire (motor company)">Wildfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAP_(motor_company)" title="ZAP (motor company)">ZAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmer_(automobile)" title="Zimmer (automobile)">Zimmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concept and <br />pre-production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Motor_Corporation" title="Alpha Motor Corporation">Alpha Motor Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptera_Motors" title="Aptera Motors">Aptera Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollinger_Motors" title="Bollinger Motors">Bollinger Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoo" title="Canoo">Canoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuter Cars">Commuter Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Motors" title="Elio Motors">Elio Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Future" title="Faraday Future">Faraday Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Inc">Fisker Inc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordstown_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Lordstown Motors">Lordstown Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myers_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Myers Motors">Myers Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Corporation" title="Nikola Corporation">Nikola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trion_Supercars" title="Trion Supercars">Trion Supercars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States" title="BMW in the United States">BMW Spartanburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chrysler_factories#Current_factories" title="List of Chrysler factories">Chrysler (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_factories#Current_production_facilities" title="List of Ford factories">Ford (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_factories#Current_factories" title="List of General Motors factories">General Motors (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Honda_assembly_plants" title="List of Honda assembly plants">Honda (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Manufacturing_Alabama" title="Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama">Hyundai (Alabama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kia_design_and_manufacturing_facilities#Kia_Motors_Manufacturing_Georgia_(KMMG)" title="List of Kia design and manufacturing facilities">Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_U.S._International" title="Mercedes-Benz U.S. International">Mercedes-Benz (Alabama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_of_Indiana_Automotive" title="Subaru of Indiana Automotive">Subaru (Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tesla_factories" title="List of Tesla factories">Tesla (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Chattanooga_Assembly_Plant" title="Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant">Volkswagen (Chattanooga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chrysler_factories#Current_factories" title="List of Chrysler factories">Chrysler (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_factories#Former_production_facilities" title="List of Ford factories">Ford (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_factories#Closed_or_sold_Factories" title="List of General Motors factories">General Motors (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packard_Automotive_Plant" title="Packard Automotive Plant">Packard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Westmoreland_Assembly" title="Volkswagen Westmoreland Assembly">Volkswagen (Westmoreland)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auto component <br />makers and <br /><a href="/wiki/Performance_car" title="Performance car">performance car</a> <br />modders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Transmission" title="Allison Transmission">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Expedition_Vehicles" title="American Expedition Vehicles">American Expedition Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptiv" title="Aptiv">Aptiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFGoodrich" title="BFGoodrich">BFGoodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BorgWarner" title="BorgWarner">BorgWarner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callaway_Cars" title="Callaway Cars">Callaway Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brammo" title="Brammo">Brammo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaton_Corporation" title="Eaton Corporation">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company">Firestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Tire" title="General Tire">General Tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Tire_%26_Rubber_Company" title="Cooper Tire & Rubber Company">Cooper Tire & Rubber Company</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennessey_Performance_Engineering" title="Hennessey Performance Engineering">Hennessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingersoll_Rand" title="Ingersoll Rand">Ingersoll Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Classic_Trucks" title="Legacy Classic Trucks">Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingenfelter_Performance_Engineering" title="Lingenfelter Performance Engineering">Lingenfelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexteer_Automotive" title="Nexteer Automotive">Nexteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Motorcars" title="Phoenix Motorcars">Phoenix Motorcars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proterra_(bus_manufacturer)" title="Proterra (bus manufacturer)">Proterra (bus manufacturer)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remy_International" title="Remy International">Remy International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleen" title="Saleen">Saleen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_American" title="Shelby American">Shelby American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_and_Racing_Technology" title="Street and Racing Technology">SRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timken_Company" title="Timken Company">Timken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrington_Company" title="Torrington Company">Torrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calty_Design_Research" title="Calty Design Research">Calty Design Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designworks" title="Designworks">Designworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezvani_Motors" title="Rezvani Motors">Rezvani Automotive Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheego_Electric_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheego Electric Cars">Wheego Electric Cars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Massachusetts" title="Automotive industry in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Automobile_Association" title="American Automobile Association">AAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Auto_Show" title="Chicago Auto Show">Chicago Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_the_United_States" title="List of automobiles manufactured in the United States">List of automobiles manufactured in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_International_Auto_Show" title="New York International Auto Show">New York International Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_International_Auto_Show" title="North American International Auto Show">North American International Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAE_International" title="SAE International">SAE International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Non-U.S. based parent company that owns subsidiaries headquartered in U.S.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Company still exists but is no longer in the automotive manufacturing business</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Automotive industry in the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Trucking industry in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Trucking industry in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trucking industry in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Motor_Carrier_Safety_Administration" title="Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration">Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_driver%27s_license" title="Commercial driver's license">Commercial driver's license</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_on-board_recorder" title="Electronic on-board recorder">Electronic on-board recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bridge_Gross_Weight_Formula" title="Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula">Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hours_of_service" title="Hours of service">Hours of service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Registration_Plan" title="International Registration Plan">International Registration Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Carrier_Act_of_1980" title="Motor Carrier Act of 1980">Motor Carrier Act of 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_carrier_safety_rating" title="Motor carrier safety rating">Motor carrier safety rating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Network" title="National Network">National Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Truck manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM_General" title="AM General">AM General</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_LaFrance" title="American LaFrance">American LaFrance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocar_Company" title="Autocar Company">Autocar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bering_Truck" title="Bering Truck">Bering</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremach" title="Bremach">Bremach</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brockway_Motor_Company" title="Brockway Motor Company">Brockway</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYD_Auto" title="BYD Auto">BYD Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chase_Motor_Truck_Company" title="Chase Motor Truck Company">Chase</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_Carrier_Company" title="Crane Carrier Company">CCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNH_Industrial" title="CNH Industrial">CNH Industrial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dart_(commercial_vehicle)" title="Dart (commercial vehicle)">Dart</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_Reo_Trucks" title="Diamond Reo Trucks">Diamond Reo</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diamond_T" title="Diamond T">Diamond T</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reo_Motor_Car_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Reo Motor Car Company">Reo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DINA_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="DINA SA">Dina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge" title="Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freightliner_Trucks" title="Freightliner Trucks">Freightliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayes_Manufacturing_Company" title="Hayes Manufacturing Company">Hayes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuso_Trucks_America" title="Fuso Trucks America">Fuso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors" title="Hino Motors">Hino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_America" title="Hyundai Motor America">Hyundai Motor America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyzon_Motors" title="Hyzon Motors">Hyzon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenworth" title="Kenworth">Kenworth</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marmon-Herrington" title="Marmon-Herrington">Marmon-Herrington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moreland_Motor_Truck_Company" title="Moreland Motor Truck Company">Moreland</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_Trucks" title="Mack Trucks">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterbilt" title="Peterbilt">Peterbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Trucks" title="Ram Trucks">Ram Trucks</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Selden_Motor_Vehicle_Company" title="Selden Motor Vehicle Company">Selden</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schacht_(automobile)" title="Schacht (automobile)">Schacht</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyft_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Shyft Group">Shyft Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Electric_Vehicles" title="Smith Electric Vehicles">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartan Motors">Spartan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Trucks" title="Sterling Trucks">Sterling</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Truck" title="Tiger Truck">Tiger Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Traffic_Motor_Truck_Corporation" title="Traffic Motor Truck Corporation">Traffic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UD_Trucks" title="UD Trucks">UD Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIA_Motors" title="VIA Motors">VIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Trucks" title="Volvo Trucks">Volvo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ward_LaFrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward LaFrance">Ward LaFrance</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Star_Trucks" title="Western Star Trucks">Western Star</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Motor_Company" title="White Motor Company">White</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workhorse_Group" title="Workhorse Group">Workhorse Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engine manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_Trucks" title="Mack Trucks">Mack</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">MaxxForce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Trucks" title="Volvo Trucks">Volvo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trailer manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daseke" title="Daseke">Daseke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmon_Group" title="Marmon Group">Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruehauf" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruehauf">Fruehauf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dane_Trailers" title="Great Dane Trailers">Great Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai Translead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufkin_Industries" title="Lufkin Industries">Lufkin Trailers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_Trailer_Manufacturing_Company" title="Utility Trailer Manufacturing Company">Utility Trailer Manufacturing Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_International_Marine_Containers" title="China International Marine Containers">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabash_National" title="Wabash National">Wabash National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Trailer_Company" title="Wilson Trailer Company">Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Motor carriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Truckload_shipping" title="Truckload shipping">Truckload</a> carriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Averitt_Express" title="Averitt Express">Averitt Express</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celadon_Group" title="Celadon Group">Celadon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_Freighters_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Contract Freighters Inc.">CFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenant Transport">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CRST" class="mw-redirect" title="CRST">CRST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFE_Transportation" title="FFE Transportation">FFE Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Hunt" title="J. B. Hunt">J. B. Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight-Swift" title="Knight-Swift">Knight-Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landstar_System" title="Landstar System">Landstar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAM_Transport" title="PAM Transport">PAM Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Transportation" title="Patriot Transportation">Patriot Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roehl_Transport" title="Roehl Transport">Roehl Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schneider_National" title="Schneider National">Schneider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_Transportation" title="Swift Transportation">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Enterprises" title="Werner Enterprises">Werner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Express,_Inc." title="Western Express, Inc.">Western Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTI_Transport" title="WTI Transport">WTI Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Less-than-truckload_shipping" title="Less-than-truckload shipping">Less than truckload (LTL)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABF_Freight_System" title="ABF Freight System">ABF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averitt_Express" title="Averitt Express">Averitt Express</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Con-way_Freight" title="Con-way Freight">Con-way Freight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Freightways" title="Consolidated Freightways">Consolidated Freightways</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estes_Express_Lines" title="Estes Express Lines">Estes Express Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_England_Motor_Freight" title="New England Motor Freight">New England Motor Freight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Dominion_Freight_Line" title="Old Dominion Freight Line">Old Dominion Freight Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%2BL_Carriers" title="R+L Carriers">R+L Carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saia" title="Saia">Saia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Freight_Lines" title="Southeastern Freight Lines">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TForce_Freight" title="TForce Freight">TForce Freight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPO,_Inc." title="XPO, Inc.">XPO, Inc.</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Corporation" title="Yellow Corporation">Yellow Corporation</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third-party_logistics" title="Third-party logistics">Third-party logistics</a> providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Access_America_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Access America Transport">Access America Transport</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Lamprecht_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="American Lamprecht Transport">American Lamprecht Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.H._Robinson" title="C.H. Robinson">C.H. Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freightquote" title="Freightquote">Freightquote</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CaseStack" title="CaseStack">CaseStack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryder" title="Ryder">Ryder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Quality_Logistics" title="Total Quality Logistics">Total Quality Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailer_Bridge" title="Trailer Bridge">Trailer Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPO,_Inc." title="XPO, Inc.">XPO, Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Package_delivery" title="Package delivery">National parcel</a> carriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DHL" title="DHL">DHL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FedEx" title="FedEx">FedEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines#Greyhound_Package_Express" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional parcel carriers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GLS_Group" title="GLS Group">GLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserShip" class="mw-redirect" title="LaserShip">LaserShip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSO_(company)" title="LSO (company)">LSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnTrac" title="OnTrac">OnTrac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Moving_company" title="Moving company">Moving companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Van_Lines" title="Allied Van Lines">Allied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Van_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas Van Lines">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bekins_Van_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Bekins Van Lines">Bekins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentle_Giant_Moving_Company" title="Gentle Giant Moving Company">Gentle Giant Moving Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Van_Lines" title="Global Van Lines">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Van_Lines" title="Interstate Van Lines">Interstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Transit" title="Mayflower Transit">Mayflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Van_Lines" title="National Van Lines">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Van_Lines" title="North American Van Lines">North American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PODS_(company)" title="PODS (company)">PODS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Men_and_a_Truck" title="Two Men and a Truck">Two Men and a Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Van_Lines" title="United Van Lines">United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheaton_World_Wide_Moving" title="Wheaton World Wide Moving">Wheaton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Truck_stop" title="Truck stop">Truck stops</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BETO_Junction" title="BETO Junction">BETO Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowlin_Travel_Centers" title="Bowlin Travel Centers">Bowlin Travel Centers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_Travel_Plaza" title="Dixie Travel Plaza">Dixie Travel Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_80" title="Iowa 80">Iowa 80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love%27s" title="Love's">Love's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_Flying_J" title="Pilot Flying J">Pilot Flying J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Ranger" title="Road Ranger">Road Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roady%27s_Truck_Stops" title="Roady's Truck Stops">Roady's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TravelCenters_of_America" title="TravelCenters of America">TravelCenters of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Pump" title="Town Pump">Town Pump</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Smith" title="Frederick W. Smith">Frederick W. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyman_Faris" title="Iyman Faris">Iyman Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Harwood_Cochrane" title="J. Harwood Cochrane">J. Harwood Cochrane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Hoffa" title="Jimmy Hoffa">Jimmy Hoffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Bryan_Hunt" title="Johnnie Bryan Hunt">John Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Hunter_Jesperson" title="Keith Hunter Jesperson">Keith Jesperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Reno" title="Kelly Reno">Kelly Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Reginald_Denny" title="Attack on Reginald Denny">Reginald Denny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Moving_%26_Storage_Association" title="American Moving & Storage Association">American Moving & Storage Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Trucking_Associations" title="American Trucking Associations">American Trucking Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAT_Solutions" title="DAT Solutions">DAT Solutions</a> (Dial-A-Truck)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Teamsters" title="International Brotherhood of Teamsters">International Brotherhood of Teamsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Motor_Freight_Classification" title="National Motor Freight Classification">National Motor Freight Classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Motor_Freight_Traffic_Association" title="National Motor Freight Traffic Association">National Motor Freight Traffic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Private_Truck_Council" title="National Private Truck Council">National Private Truck Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartWay_Transport_Partnership" title="SmartWay Transport Partnership">SmartWay Transport Partnership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_American_trucking_industry" title="Glossary of the American trucking industry">Glossary of the American trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_American_culture" title="Trucking industry in American culture">Popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Dog_(1998_film)" title="Black Dog (1998 film)">Black Dog</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breakdown_(1997_film)" title="Breakdown (1997 film)">Breakdown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breaker!_Breaker!" title="Breaker! Breaker!">Breaker! Breaker!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Convoy_(1978_film)" title="Convoy (1978 film)">Convoy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duel_(1971_film)" title="Duel (1971 film)">Duel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F.I.S.T._(film)" title="F.I.S.T. (film)">F.I.S.T.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High-Ballin%27" title="High-Ballin'">High-Ballin'</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joy_Ride_(2001_film)" title="Joy Ride (2001 film)">Joy Ride</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maximum_Overdrive" title="Maximum Overdrive">Maximum Overdrive</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Over_the_Top_(1987_film)" title="Over the Top (1987 film)">Over The Top</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smokey_%26_the_Bandit" class="mw-redirect" title="Smokey & the Bandit">Smokey & the Bandit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_Drive_by_Night" title="They Drive by Night">They Drive by Night</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gang%27s_All_Here_(1941_film)" title="The Gang's All Here (1941 film)">The Gang's All Here</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Smokey_Roadblock" title="The Great Smokey Roadblock">The Great Smokey Roadblock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trucker_(film)" title="Trucker (film)">Trucker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Line_Fever_(film)" title="White Line Fever (film)">White Line Fever</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Loggers" title="American Loggers">American Loggers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Trucker" title="American Trucker">American Trucker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/B._J._and_the_Bear" title="B. J. and the Bear">B. J. and the Bear</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ice_Road_Truckers" title="Ice Road Truckers">Ice Road Truckers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Movin%27_On_(TV_series)" title="Movin' On (TV series)">Movin' On</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trick_My_Truck" title="Trick My Truck">Trick My Truck</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Tombstone_Every_Mile" title="A Tombstone Every Mile">A Tombstone Every Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Wheels_in_the_Moonlight" title="Big Wheels in the Moonlight">Big Wheels in the Moonlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Jean_(Little_Sister)" title="Bonnie Jean (Little Sister)">Bonnie Jean (Little Sister)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoy_(song)" title="Convoy (song)">Convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drivin%27_My_Life_Away" title="Drivin' My Life Away">Drivin' My Life Away</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bound_and_Down" title="East Bound and Down">East Bound and Down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Wheels_and_a_Dozen_Roses" title="Eighteen Wheels and a Dozen Roses">Eighteen Wheels and a Dozen Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giddyup_Go" title="Giddyup Go">Giddyup Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_on_the_Billboard" title="Girl on the Billboard">Girl on the Billboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movin%27_On_(Merle_Haggard_song)" title="Movin' On (Merle Haggard song)">Movin' On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papa_Loved_Mama" title="Papa Loved Mama">Papa Loved Mama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_309" title="Phantom 309">Phantom 309</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_On_Big_Mama" title="Roll On Big Mama">Roll On Big Mama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_On_(Eighteen_Wheeler)" title="Roll On (Eighteen Wheeler)">Roll On (Eighteen Wheeler)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Days_on_the_Road" title="Six Days on the Road">Six Days on the Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Bear_(Red_Sovine_song)" title="Teddy Bear (Red Sovine song)">Teddy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_Knight_(Cledus_Maggard_song)" title="The White Knight (Cledus Maggard song)">The White Knight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Sommers" title="Dale Sommers">Dale Sommers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Eye_Radio" title="Red Eye Radio">Red Eye</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bill_Mack_(songwriter)" title="Bill Mack (songwriter)">Bill Mack</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Dog_Trucking" title="Road Dog Trucking">Road Dog Trucking</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dave_Nemo" title="Dave Nemo">Dave Nemo</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/18_Wheeler:_American_Pro_Trucker" title="18 Wheeler: American Pro Trucker">18 Wheeler: American Pro Trucker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/18_Wheels_of_Steel" title="18 Wheels of Steel">18 Wheels of Steel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Truck_Simulator" title="American Truck Simulator">American Truck Simulator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rig_%27n%27_Roll" title="Rig 'n' Roll">Rig 'n' Roll</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Rigs:_Over_the_Road_Racing" title="Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing">Big Rigs: Over the Road Racing</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_band_radio" title="Citizens band radio">Citizens band radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Memorial" title="The Rolling Memorial">The Rolling Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:97%;">Note: Defunct companies are shown in <i>italics</i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29739#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29739#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29739#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000040615166X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139108809">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85150410">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&oldid=1254552757#International_Trucks_(1986–present)">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Motors&oldid=1254552757#International_Trucks_(1986–present)</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_companies_established_in_1986" title="Category:American companies established in 1986">American companies established in 1986</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Navistar" title="Category:Navistar">Navistar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defense_companies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Defense companies of the United States">Defense companies of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Holding_companies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Holding companies of the United States">Holding companies of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motor_vehicle_manufacturers_based_in_Illinois" title="Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Illinois">Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Illinois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_vehicle_manufacturers" title="Category:Military vehicle manufacturers">Military vehicle manufacturers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Diesel_engine_manufacturers" title="Category:Diesel engine manufacturers">Diesel engine 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