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id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="מראה"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="שינוי המראה של גודל הגופן, הרוחב והצבע של הדף" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="מראה" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">מראה</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=he.wikipedia.org&uselang=he" class=""><span>תרומה לוויקיפדיה</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת" class=""><span>יצירת חשבון</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="אפשרויות נוספות" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="כלים אישיים" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">כלים אישיים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="תפריט משתמש" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=he.wikipedia.org&uselang=he"><span>תרומה לוויקיפדיה</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>יצירת חשבון</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> דפים לעורכים שלא נכנסו לחשבון <a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" aria-label="מידע נוסף על עריכה"><span>מידע נוסף</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="רשימת העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו [y]" accesskey="y"><span>תרומות</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="דיון על העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו [n]" accesskey="n"><span>שיחה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="אתר"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="תוכן עניינים" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">תוכן עניינים</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">התחלה</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-קישורים_חיצוניים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#קישורים_חיצוניים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>קישורים חיצוניים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-קישורים_חיצוניים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-הערות_שוליים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#הערות_שוליים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>הערות שוליים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-הערות_שוליים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="תוכן עניינים" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="תוכן עניינים" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="מצב תוכן העניינים" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">מצב תוכן העניינים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">שחור-לבן</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="מעבר לערך בשפה אחרת. זמין ב־37 שפות" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 שפות</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white – אנגלית" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Black-and-white" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF" title="أبيض وأسود – ערבית" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبيض وأسود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B" title="সাদা-কালো – בנגלית" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাদা-কালো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="בנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crno-bijelo" title="Crno-bijelo – בוסנית" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Crno-bijelo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="בוסנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D8%B4_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="ڕەش و سپی – כורדית סוראנית" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەش و سپی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="כורדית סוראנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sort-hvid" title="Sort-hvid – דנית" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sort-hvid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="דנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarz-wei%C3%9F" title="Schwarz-weiß – גרמנית" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwarz-weiß" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siya-s%C4%B1p%C3%AA" title="Siya-sıpê – זזקית" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Siya-sıpê" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="זזקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrablanka_arto" title="Nigrablanka arto – אספרנטו" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nigrablanka arto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="אספרנטו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanco_y_negro_(artes_visuales)" title="Blanco y negro (artes visuales) – ספרדית" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Blanco y negro (artes visuales)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ספרדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="سیاه‌وسفید – פרסית" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاه‌وسفید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="פרסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustavalkoinen" title="Mustavalkoinen – פינית" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mustavalkoinen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="פינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noir_et_blanc" title="Noir et blanc – צרפתית" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Noir et blanc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="צרפתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swart-wyt" title="Swart-wyt – פריזית מערבית" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Swart-wyt" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="פריזית מערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branco_e_negro" title="Branco e negro – גליסית" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Branco e negro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="גליסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitam_putih" title="Hitam putih – אינדונזית" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hitam putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="אינדונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bianco_e_nero" title="Bianco e nero – איטלקית" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bianco e nero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="איטלקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88_(%E8%8A%B8%E8%A1%93)" title="ブラック・アンド・ホワイト (芸術) – יפנית" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブラック・アンド・ホワイト (芸術)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="יפנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireng_putih" title="Ireng putih – יאוואית" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ireng putih" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="יאוואית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EB%B0%B1" title="흑백 – קוריאנית" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흑백" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="קוריאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger_et_albus" title="Niger et albus – לטינית" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Niger et albus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="לטינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwaarz-W%C3%A4iss" title="Schwaarz-Wäiss – לוקסמבורגית" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schwaarz-Wäiss" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="לוקסמבורגית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Црно-бела техника – מקדונית" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црно-бела техника" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="מקדונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ബ്ലാക്ക് ആൻഡ് വൈറ്റ് – מליאלאם" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്ലാക്ക് ആൻഡ് വൈറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="מליאלאם" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitam_putih" title="Hitam putih – מלאית" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hitam putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="מלאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwart-wit_(media)" title="Zwart-wit (media) – הולנדית" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwart-wit (media)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="הולנדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svart-kvitt" title="Svart-kvitt – נורווגית חדשה" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Svart-kvitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="נורווגית חדשה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svart-hvitt" title="Svart-hvitt – נורווגית ספרותית" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Svart-hvitt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="נורווגית ספרותית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preto_e_branco" title="Preto e branco – פורטוגזית" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Preto e branco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="פורטוגזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alb-negru" title="Alb-negru – רומנית" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alb-negru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="רומנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_and_white" title="Black and white – אנגלית פשוטה" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Black and white" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית פשוטה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartvitt" title="Svartvitt – שוודית" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Svartvitt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="שוודית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88" title="கருப்பு வெள்ளை – טמילית" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருப்பு வெள்ளை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="טמילית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81-%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%9B%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B3" title="నలుపు-తెలుపు ఛాయాచిత్రకళ – טלוגו" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నలుపు-తెలుపు ఛాయాచిత్రకళ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="טלוגו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyah-beyaz" title="Siyah-beyaz – טורקית" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Siyah-beyaz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="טורקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%99%BD" title="黑白 – סינית" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黑白" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="סינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%99%BD" title="黑白 – קנטונזית" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黑白" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="קנטונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q838368#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="עריכת קישורים בין־לשוניים" class="wbc-editpage">עריכת הקישורים</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="מרחבי שם"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F&action=history"><span>גרסאות קודמות</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> כללי </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9F/%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="רשימה של כל דפי הוויקי שמקשרים לדף הזה [j]" accesskey="j"><span>דפים המקושרים לכאן</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" rel="nofollow" title="השינויים האחרונים בדפים המקושרים מהדף הזה [k]" accesskey="k"><span>שינויים בדפים המקושרים</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F&oldid=36186966" title="קישור קבוע לגרסה הזאת של הדף הזה"><span>קישור קבוע</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F&action=info" title="מידע נוסף על הדף הזה"><span>מידע על הדף</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%93%D7%A3_%D7%96%D7%94&page=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F&id=36186966&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="מידע איך לצטט את הדף 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Black_and_white_art" hreflang="en"><span>ויקישיתוף</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" hreflang="he"><span>ויקיציטוט</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q838368" title="קישור לפריט המשויך במאגר הנתונים [g]" accesskey="g"><span>פריט ויקינתונים</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="כלי דף"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="מראה"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">מראה</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">מתוך ויקיפדיה, האנציקלופדיה החופשית</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="he" dir="rtl"><div class="noexcerpt noprint dablink" style="font-size: 90%; color: #555577;margin-right:22px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="פירוש נוסף"><img alt="פירוש נוסף" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Disambig_RTL.svg/25px-Disambig_RTL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Disambig_RTL.svg/38px-Disambig_RTL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Disambig_RTL.svg/50px-Disambig_RTL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> ערך זה עוסק בטכנולוגיה חזותית. אם התכוונתם לפירושים אחרים לצירוף "שחור-לבן", ראו <span class="nodisambig"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F_(%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D)" class="mw-disambig" title="שחור לבן (פירושונים)">שחור לבן (פירושונים)</a></span>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Chaplin_The_Kid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Chaplin_The_Kid.jpg/250px-Chaplin_The_Kid.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Chaplin_The_Kid.jpg/375px-Chaplin_The_Kid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Chaplin_The_Kid.jpg/500px-Chaplin_The_Kid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2248" data-file-height="3040" /></a><figcaption>תמונה מהסרט השחור-לבן "<a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="הנער">הנער</a>", 1921</figcaption></figure> <p><b>צילום שחור-לבן</b> הוא מונח המשמש בעיקר בתחום ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2" title="קולנוע">קולנוע</a> וה<a href="/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D" title="צילום">צילום</a> לתיאור צורות שונות של טכנולוגיה חזותית. בצילום שחור-לבן התמונה מורכבת מווריאציות שונות של בהירות ולא מווריאציות ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2" title="צבע">צבעים</a>. תמונות שחור-לבן טיפוסיות אינן מורכבות מגוני שחור ולבן בלבד אלא בעיקר מגוונים אפורים, ולעיתים גם מצבעים אחרים, כגון תמונות ספייה (Sepia; תצלום בגוון חום-כהה). </p><p>רוב הטכנולוגיות החזותיות נוצרו בתחילה בצבעי שחור-לבן ורק בהמשך פותחו בצבע: </p> <ul><li>ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D" title="צילום">צילום</a> היה בתחילה שחור-לבן, מאמצע המאה העשרים הצילום בצבע הפך לסטנדרט בצילום מסחרי וחובבני אולם השימוש בצילום שחור-לבן נמשך מטעמים אמנותיים או להשגת אפקטים שאי אפשר להשיגם בצילום צבע.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F" title="עיתון">עיתונים</a> רבים וחומרים <a href="/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1" title="דפוס">מודפסים</a> אחרים מודפסים בשחור-לבן עד היום. לרוב, עמודי הצבע מוגבלים לדף השער ולעמודים בולטים בעיתון, ושאר העמודים בעיתון מודפסים בשחור-לבן כדי לחסוך בעלויות.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2" title="סרט קולנוע">סרטי הקולנוע</a> והסרטים המצוירים נוצרו בתחילה בשחור-לבן. רק מאמצע המאה העשרים הפך <a href="/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%91%D7%A2" title="צילום בצבע">צילום בצבע</a> לסטנדרט. אף על פי כן, גם כיום נעשה לעיתים שימוש בסרטי שחור-לבן בקולנוע מטעמים אמנותיים<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (לדוגמה, בסרטים "<a href="/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A8" title="רשימת שינדלר">רשימת שינדלר</a>" (1993) ו"<a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עיר החטאים">עיר החטאים</a>" (2005).</li> <li>בתחילה היו שידורי ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94" title="טלוויזיה">טלוויזיה</a> בישראל בשחור-לבן. שידורי הטלוויזיה בצבע הפכו לסטנדרט בתחילת <a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="שנות השמונים">שנות השמונים</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="קישורים_חיצוניים"><span id=".D7.A7.D7.99.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.97.D7.99.D7.A6.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>קישורים חיצוניים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: קישורים חיצוניים"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="עריכת פסקה: "קישורים חיצוניים"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="sistersitebox plainlinks noprint" style="margin: 0 1em 0.5em 0;float: left;"><tbody><tr><th style="text-align:center">מיזמי <a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="קרן ויקימדיה">קרן ויקימדיה</a></th></tr><tr><td><div class="sisterwikilinkT"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="ויקיציטוט"><img alt="ויקיציטוט" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/40px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> ציטוטים בוויקיציטוט: <b><a href="https://he.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="q:שחור-לבן">שחור-לבן</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td><div class="sisterwikilinkT"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="ויקישיתוף"><img alt="ויקישיתוף" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> תמונות ומדיה בוויקישיתוף: <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Black_and_white_photographs" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Black and white photographs">תמונות שחור-לבן</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36773993">.mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}</style> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="הערות_שוליים"><span id=".D7.94.D7.A2.D7.A8.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.9C.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>הערות שוליים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: הערות שוליים"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F&veaction=edit&section=2" title="עריכת פסקה: "הערות שוליים"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist references-small"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="אתר למנויים בלבד"><img alt="אתר למנויים בלבד" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/10px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/15px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/20px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="אורי קליין">אורי קליין</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.co.il/1.6913129">האם הקולנוע עומד להפוך את המציאות בחזרה לשחור-לבן?</a>, באתר <a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="הארץ">הארץ</a>, 7 בפברואר 2019</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="stub" 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title="קטגוריה:קצרמר אמנות">אמנות</a>. אתם מוזמנים <a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D#כתיבה_בוויקיפדיה" title="ויקיפדיה:ברוכים הבאים">לתרום</a> לוויקיפדיה ו<b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8-%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F&action=edit&editintro=%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA%3A%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A8%2F%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%91%D7%94">להרחיב אותו</a></span></b>.</div> <dl><dd></dd></dl>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">אוחזר מתוך "<a dir="ltr" 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