CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '919a3d691cc69d10',cH: '8VbTQ8xM3v0HJziPqN9AUL5z3nNNHF3HyU8R1K4YToM-1740848733-1.2.1.1-Y923I0Cp7eEq7la1inKjvkbcFdgbIEc60TPEFECd9mVydSxQTDY2d75glZotrrM_',cUPMDTk: "\/1848\/bibtex?__cf_chl_tk=cqwMrfN8.nyuIVaJ.K4HH.Wc1TwWpaGcGvuGYv5TU0c-1740848733-1.0.1.1-g7G94SDUqSsKFu6zl4AOXeM7xcSfTk4ZfXhdkcABF2M",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740848733',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/1848\/bibtex?__cf_chl_f_tk=cqwMrfN8.nyuIVaJ.K4HH.Wc1TwWpaGcGvuGYv5TU0c-1740848733-1.0.1.1-g7G94SDUqSsKFu6zl4AOXeM7xcSfTk4ZfXhdkcABF2M",md: "Tsf5SWHPh4DgOKv.4oa9VjLM7dJf_vhsS818egteV.w-1740848733-1.2.1.1-bzm5iFaAYMZEwctS0vleGNbfn0raBBUbzNQjEEJc4HoZLlbWdfcp2gLfUWO3kCwKjS3v9yPfKyCrw2SRkJdOM5MIV4_fJtyw75xrcOWKLoED2ygSSIcz3jU7PDs0CRzQinc14P30dTCGgrXTtFzH9nKw5XTEXPnWlErAXEdUrClo6qx_.7joBD4ZZydDFleu8nQeaQF2kWU4XFoifmLUGNrcJQXoH9aC2MgzkDdAjU83lU3U6qqoYeVZKG1hNP4mLVm5ioDFCRUe_vUcylakAqQvcCDQ9NXj9vn9PGv8fg5XzVGuPcIJz.2r2X3NPLW23UwWuY4YGAEgrrrlxTNbDOpVy.JmRpxicg9DIpAjaHXgMJFC5eJWBH88GvAYk3coP1BtxIW92TQzo.NZYw61VBwuoBYdxXQlDYNB0.wWUAFHP0EG39bi_Tlq8qxPhPNgLKnSVA5MNdZ4D2zWsphlAvwWJOJIqon3iIo3YGPpRxMt_uGAksgnfyWEJuWbHMSnWA5w1Ifc9QVMK0QROb6V0_957q8gTTjaPWCFWcL35gdpn.4A_FaTvEet0oQVIESjxMYwojaSs_u7RyRIDR9KFVIjROnixkAZ6stHXlTb2AI842IRhS1rMcVMOasmjp2T1C.ZLxCKwwzGU.3cSWR.SomrX2s7nnGmgT5CXPlPO55GpFKT8peQVcgmSTuANmwjGGeFiTvBMbT_qdkvfJSTRf6a4ZCX8b36GHpyaYkHZpj6b8DTRRWEYn4ZKqDbaQe3yimjGSrHfbKNlCBHFRLsBh99weUdBpYMYk3lqZz0LZKNOyJmISpN5T4B4DNRlopdnT_KiEb8hnLek2Srg0nrHfOtDp7d4nlvINopcNpiLljV0fx..ig4P35olHIOGOJN_1jxkal96QvslI10SX9Cqajx1pQ.O6R87tWY7raJ6sMaA9FYGjn042rMXQeCkcsePHQTTbrkjyaMwQJIflrOBKhYifAL.UbbBInH.Ke43ueuGiyYZAJlMNGJUopANOgQaTZzEHaNTtGMInGqDUdleb9pUubcbCsl5FyIfvZqtS5Iz_4IvikAD4yWWFcBAT9cAoOBKO8TAXW_gv9pfpY2WiKyXBhvRYTO4tykgvIhEB4XCvjwE_lVMEijbhtE8M2NKzPDcR1H_7NgvmMFueUk5j5sy6K4ugGJ3waLKBw0VNF9iZH4Wljni5rrXbAbMLPww2UkTcUe1cMaxYVICLdJyw",mdrd: "BTLIiQNwHbuzC5qeri8tF1_JZoROj0MfkGJUeZgHLpk-1740848733-1.2.1.1-fZK3VY7wNKKiw875kt51aC9CO3FZlASyM1kXJhQ7UyO_pZpEiEtp06oU994CtOTjeRNTh2KwnB5V.cfHaFROf4zSt8H3PstbjdoZdK_6OcKRcs2.MTecfRhKkyghBp3d9_ttRveDMG7EYpBsWLhJQF4Kqr_myE.A5Bu4TaHQsM0LckXuWUSWTiPbHbSMv7NjkAjSSe3quV5JeBvMa5yVFd8uDAq5WxgJEyJ79RmqndaQbpvrA69DRHWAE3LP9qs6Rfl4ffBwpqkhkyNj4W_UTi_NnpcnuiDWcQpgDXW7dLe1a597OQ3bZtbScD1rPkAU7otwKigay3Qb9Nqc19gNQca6kCcwx1eHKe6uA0ULHfeqokwaQFIIDzJqhrEhn_fQYAHQi0pmyGb3KrhbxJhauVfd.JVQRV4R8ZCvG5XnNQtstIGnvCCVViLXemJdP8c5b5.fLhz_V1Zm.J8CySZWghBswa89kCh0JuACxhPSFP.mSZ1LrxTpniH3Ks5Ns3YHbMwPP7n31NzaSzA3kqku2pTLh9VpTSBqP1.UWHBwg2xQ8wb0BKSBtT6rGeCgc..Ut1XcxPdw8ov4hOfHUEBT0G3JGjiwJ9sZF3Wfb7UYZSU_Y9oXB.FCBERMEzNqkI9w7_KNh4.d96bwKxvstXi88r6LGXeGQYr8ed1yAGjmZc1zstj97ohMEdflIwgB7sQ6E5Zy_RxdbitYXqL02M8TOyIu4YqELG88d0ZD2r4.8gFG7qo094SYsPaHADp9b3DfYdBBLDEjwGkV5GAjkVrir.k8jTSjSyHFlZ7w4Qj9va72ucH8uUZHWYdGXilol7A2i6Cvm5zymIID0gLl90AEwXk.7yOKD.PNFot2pmj.5JvetV2Jj0UJ._s5qyTwnOLm71UORmw7yjWRW7AsuCg2jb909zqXfdbaCWPAYnuVBhMoFgTfJetRNIcwheyVzearLOdf50bB51CabwIygJNqZVpkxgAm77mqZ6Pk0DNZ7KFFSbOfQjhyy3rPI4_Z8hIm1qQfOi2o6aDBB1pHKt0ci3pizS6_JuIly3LjP45aJH42qrXJ644PXdhBINVaKtC9A5eP4874xRAuoOMBsdd3gB7ohkj4RDc3o1ibuXtWgMyLSAc8RWpxwuMT.RhEUc0pG8DiwMQXLLBxd4VIfBv5Z.Prh8mds5AF97k5fRoZJtMouUMO7U2lxk5lSzXhcUCFCpoXDuqOrji6OWalAoD8HF6DU9IXArPUTycf7nPzwX34wO0F_Indmlc8oR9fGbJWxMdzwy65d_0zOmMstK.wpRD96M7zZZmnNM1NjmveaXbbBlXJqEVVZiSzxTUoB3pE0rUl9sE8df2czpkzrU9EvcpPhC0XVre0VAUYtT0ASG9DQGAqwrA.MENe9_T1Ln.BF4ArxQ2vB03aN2fMJBDxuLWihhjnRph1VN9zepx55VkXV1UrtKvXRNYyBwYwkkBCGJIIv18hUVP...qy1P1Rd1t9HnOecoaMQ9YBVW5FBAEb5PtjT76Uavh80NKhTppWCxNZniyQUf4EUQCcBnelQOwC3MVqrUf8g.m.nhN6.OF4kCZ0LoumnJ2zBDIFkoxkUiC4q80EOmUZ6ZWTHpC6rFNB2kSItYXeUh0xmeUv_wffaLpOaV.OqtauX5.2ZWqC8pZMP_MdivgK.6KiwN_mcfk9m0ZhidChDj4jrZOKLtNyXwRFQu25bgbY88mdfMCANh5528Dq5cAsMYezTagmPCDbnqiJpJeUEek5oQpu5rEBAy6rtVIUJkR_2_Y2.fFk34QKCRJL_vDIYG7h8N7HulCV87nLfH_N86cooOSv_C86vsG879K1lrI_.NJ3o8dW9fM8Ib4UeDFCB.q09Yn_ySTI8_sbOByVXLN6IoXeYkWCNUgVGfZgpgWAtNFsi4yXiSOLqD_5py1ql3Wb._ubI8WWB.7IPHS9S6le1UN_.mJJRGOzqIkjHpN7vVDLPE17oZYnlZDTJDg7NYuKzM.otg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=919a3d691cc69d10';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/1848\/bibtex?__cf_chl_rt_tk=cqwMrfN8.nyuIVaJ.K4HH.Wc1TwWpaGcGvuGYv5TU0c-1740848733-1.0.1.1-g7G94SDUqSsKFu6zl4AOXeM7xcSfTk4ZfXhdkcABF2M" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>