Platform Accessibility Policy

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <title>Platform Accessibility Policy | Gale</title> <meta name="description" content="Gale’s platforms are designed to support users with visual, hearing, mobility or cognitive impairments, and any users accessing via keyboard-only inputs or assistive technologies. Learn more!"/> <link rel="canonical" href="/accessibility"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Platform Accessibility Policy | Gale"/> <meta property="og:type" content="website"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Gale’s platforms are designed to support users with visual, hearing, mobility or cognitive impairments, and any users accessing via keyboard-only inputs or assistive technologies. Learn more!"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Platform Accessibility Policy | Gale"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Gale’s platforms are designed to support users with visual, hearing, mobility or cognitive impairments, and any users accessing via keyboard-only inputs or assistive technologies. Learn more!"/> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow"/> <link href="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="//cdn.cengage.com/libs/bootstrap/img/favicon.png" type="image/x-icon" /> <script src="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/js/modernizr-custom.js"></script>  <link hreflang="en-au" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/accessibility"/> <link hreflang="en-gb" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/accessibility"/> <link hreflang="en-ca" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/accessibility"/> <link hreflang="en-us" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/accessibility"/> <link hreflang="ja-jp" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/jp/accessibility"/> <link hreflang="zh" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/cn/accessibility"/> <link hreflang="es" rel="alternate" href="https://www.gale.com/es/accessibility"/>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MCRG9V');</script>  <script id="globalLabels" type="application/json"> { "global.loader.loading.first.label": "loading...", "global.loader.loading.second.label": "Thank you for your patience. Still loading...", "global.loader.loading.third.label": "Sorry for the delay. This is taking longer than expected." } </script><div id="gale-global-loader"> <div> <span aria-label="Loading" color="#3942B0" role="img" class="css-1074t46"></span> <p id="gale-global-loader-message"></p> </div> </div> <style> #gale-global-loader { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); z-index: 9999; display: none; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } .css-1074t46 { animation: 0.75s linear 0s infinite normal none running spinner-border; border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; border-color: white transparent white white; border-image: initial; border-radius: 50%; display: inline-block; height: 48px; width: 48px; margin: auto; display: block; } #gale-global-loader p { color: white; margin-top: 24px; font-size: 12px; font-family: monospace; } @keyframes spinner-border { 100% { transform: rotate(360deg); } } </style></head> <body> <div data-catalog="pages_en_uk" data-item-name="Agents of Influence" data-item-id="49247087-ffc2-4f39-be31-be94ec102ba4" style="display:none;" id="brsm-data"> </div>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MCRG9V" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <script src="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/js/shared.js"></script> <script src="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/js/init.js" charset="utf-8"></script>   <header class="c-header" data-component="header-component" > <a class="c-header__logo" data-component="header-logo" href="/intl" > <img class="c-header__logo-image" src="/binaries/content/gallery/header/gale-logo-19-07-22.png?ts=28112024" alt="Gale - Cengage Learning" width="200" height="60"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="206" height="70" viewBox="0 0 206 70"> <clipPath id="logo-clip-mask"> <path d="M0,0 L0,66 C86.5,66 132.6,66 138.3,66 C146.7,66 152.9,59.7 152.9,59.7 C158.4,53.7 193.8,8.9 196.7,5.5 C199,2.9 202.1,1 206,0 L0,0 Z"></path> </clipPath> </svg> </a> <div class="c-header__top-items" data-component="search-box-parent"> <div class="c-header__top-item is-search" data-component="search-button"> <button class="c-header__top-button"> <span class="sr-only">Search Button</span> <span class="icon icon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span> </button> </div> <div class="c-header__top-item is-menu" data-component="menu"> <button class="c-header__top-button hamburger hamburger--squeeze" data-component="hamburger-button" type="button" aria-label="Menu" aria-controls="navigation"> <span class="hamburger-box"> <span class="hamburger-inner"></span> </span> </button> </div> <div class="c-header__search-box c-search-box c-search-box--mobile" data-suggest-api="https://suggest.dxpapi.com/api/v2/suggest/?account_id=6454&auth_key=kx3j8og1xe50q9ph&request_id=1234567890099&url=www.gale.com&ref_url=www.gale.com&catalog_views=gale&domain_key=gale" data-component="search-box" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <div class="c-search-box__small-logo"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="Logos" width="66" height="20"> </div> <div class="c-search-box__field"> <form autocomplete="off" method="get" action="/intl/s" novalidate> <input class="c-search-box__input" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" data-component="search-input"> </form> <div class="c-search-box__suggest-panel" data-component="suggest-panel"> <div class="c-search-box__suggest-panel-tabs"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="c-header__main-nav main-nav" data-component="main-nav" aria-expanded="false" role="navigation" data-is-active="false"> <ul class="main-nav__menu"> <li class="main-nav__menu-item" data-is-active="false"> <div class="main-nav__section"> <span class="main-nav__section-text">Gale Primary Sources</span> <span class="main-nav__section-icon icon icon-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="main-nav__submenu" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Products">Products</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Products > Overview">Overview</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources/archives-unbound" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Products > Archives Unbound">Archives Unbound</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources/historical-newspapers" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Products > Gale Historical Newspapers">Gale Historical Newspapers</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources/why-gale-primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Products > Why Gale Primary Sources?">Why Gale Primary Sources?</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources/new-releases" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Products > New Archives">New Archives</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/uk/primary-sources/digital-scholar-lab" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Digital Humanities">Digital Humanities</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/uk/primary-sources/digital-scholar-lab" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Digital Humanities > Gale Digital Scholar Lab">Gale Digital Scholar Lab</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/digital-humanities-hub" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Digital Humanities > Digital Humanities Hub">Digital Humanities Hub</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources/gale-research-showcase" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Gale Research Showcase">Gale Research Showcase</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources/gale-research-showcase/digital-scholarship" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Gale Research Showcase > Information for Staff">Information for Staff</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources/gale-research-showcase/for-students" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Gale Research Showcase > Information for Students">Information for Students</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/microform" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Microform">Microform</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/archives-explored" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Archives Explored">Archives Explored</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/archives-explored" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Archives Explored > Overview">Overview</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/archives-explored/archive-partners/overview" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Archives Explored > Archive Partners">Archive Partners</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/archives-explored/behind-the-scenes" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Archives Explored > Behind the Scenes">Behind the Scenes</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/case-studies" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Archives Explored > Case Studies">Case Studies</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/essays" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Archives Explored > Contextual Essays">Contextual Essays</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/learning-centers" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Learning Centers <br></br>">Learning Centers <br></br></a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources/product-enhancements" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > News and Updates">News and Updates</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/primary-sources/product-enhancements" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > News and Updates > Platform Enhancements">Platform Enhancements</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/contact-your-rep" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Contact your representative<br></br>">Contact your representative<br></br></a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/trial/primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Request a free trial<br></br>">Request a free trial<br></br></a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://link.gale.com/apps" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Primary Sources > Find Out If You Have Access">Find Out If You Have Access</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__menu-item" data-is-active="false"> <div class="main-nav__section"> <span class="main-nav__section-text">Gale Databases</span> <span class="main-nav__section-icon icon icon-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="main-nav__submenu" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Products">Products</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Products > Overview">Overview</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-in-context" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Products > Gale In Context">Gale In Context</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-interactive" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Products > Gale Interactive">Gale Interactive</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-literature" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Products > Gale Literature">Gale Literature</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-onefile" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Products > Gale OneFile">Gale OneFile</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Gale Research Complete (Schools)">Gale Research Complete (Schools)</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-reference-complete-schools-essential" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Gale Research Complete (Schools) > Schools Edition: Essential">Schools Edition: Essential</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-reference-complete-schools" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Gale Research Complete (Schools) > Schools Edition: Ultimate">Schools Edition: Ultimate</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Gale Research Complete (Higher Ed)">Gale Research Complete (Higher Ed)</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-research-complete" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Gale Research Complete (Higher Ed) > For Universities">For Universities</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Gale News, Business and Reference">Gale News, Business and Reference</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-news-business-and-reference" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Gale News, Business and Reference > Further Education">Further Education</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Gale News and Reference">Gale News and Reference</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-news-and-reference" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Gale News and Reference > Public Libraries">Public Libraries</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Databases Explored">Databases Explored</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Databases Explored > Overview">Overview</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/literature" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Databases Explored > Literature">Literature</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases-explored/social-issues" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Databases Explored > Social Issues">Social Issues</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/product-enhancements" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > News and Updates">News and Updates</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/product-enhancements" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > News and Updates > Product Enhancements">Product Enhancements</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/contact-your-rep" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Contact your representative<br></br>">Contact your representative<br></br></a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/trial/databases" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Request a free trial<br></br>">Request a free trial<br></br></a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://link.gale.com/apps" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale Databases > Find Out If You Have Access">Find Out If You Have Access</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__menu-item" data-is-active="false"> <div class="main-nav__section"> <span class="main-nav__section-text">Gale eBooks</span> <span class="main-nav__section-icon icon icon-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="main-nav__submenu" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/s?result-type=ebooks" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale eBooks > Overview">Overview</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/ebooks/academic" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale eBooks > For Academic">For Academic</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/ebooks/public" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale eBooks > For Public Libraries">For Public Libraries</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/ebooks/schools" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale eBooks > For Schools">For Schools</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="http://www.cengage.com/search/showresults.do?N=197%2B4294921852" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale eBooks > For Special Libraries">For Special Libraries</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/print" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Gale eBooks > Print">Print</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__menu-item" data-is-active="false"> <div class="main-nav__section"> <span class="main-nav__section-text">Support</span> <span class="main-nav__section-icon icon icon-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="main-nav__submenu" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/support/training" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Product Support">Product Support</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://support.gale.com/marketing/browse" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Product Support > Promoting your Gale Databases">Promoting your Gale Databases</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/support/promotion-gale-primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Product Support > Promoting your Gale Primary Sources">Promoting your Gale Primary Sources</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/support/training" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Product Support > Training">Training</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/support/technical" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Technical Support">Technical Support</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/support/technical" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Technical Support > Overview">Overview</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="http://support.gale.com/galeadmin" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Technical Support > Usage and Analytics">Usage and Analytics</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/accessibility" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Technical Support > Accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/archives-explored/search-options" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Tips and Tricks">Tips and Tricks</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/archives-explored/discovery-tools" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Tips and Tricks > Research Tools">Research Tools</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/archives-explored/search-options" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Tips and Tricks > Search Options">Search Options</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/archives-explored/search-tips" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Tips and Tricks > Search Tips">Search Tips</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/preferences/update-details" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Update your preferences<br></br>">Update your preferences<br></br></a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/contact-your-rep" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Contact your local representative <br></br>">Contact your local representative <br></br></a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://link.gale.com/apps" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Find Out If You Have Access">Find Out If You Have Access</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item main-nav__submenu-item--max-height"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="#" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Gale Ambassador Library Support Program">Gale Ambassador Library Support Program</a> <ul class="main-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/gale-ambassadors" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Gale Ambassador Library Support Program > Learn about Gale Ambassadors">Learn about Gale Ambassadors</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-list-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-list-link" href="https://www.gale.com/intl/gale-ambassadors/application" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Gale Ambassador Library Support Program > Become a Gale Ambassador">Become a Gale Ambassador</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://www.gale.com//intl/accessibility" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://gale.com/intl/discovery-services" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Support > Discovery">Discovery</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="main-nav__menu-item" data-is-active="false"> <div class="main-nav__section"> <span class="main-nav__section-text">Blog</span> <span class="main-nav__section-icon icon icon-angle-down" aria-hidden="true"></span> </div> <ul class="main-nav__submenu" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <li class="main-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="main-nav__submenu-section" href="https://review.gale.com" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Utility Nav" data-wa-event-label="Blog > The Gale Review">The Gale Review</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="main-nav__nav-utility-buttons" data-component="search-box-parent"> <div class="c-header__search-box c-search-box c-search-box--desktop" data-suggest-api="https://suggest.dxpapi.com/api/v2/suggest/?account_id=6454&auth_key=kx3j8og1xe50q9ph&request_id=1234567890099&url=www.gale.com&ref_url=www.gale.com&catalog_views=gale&domain_key=gale" data-component="search-box" aria-expanded="false" data-is-active="false"> <div class="c-search-box__small-logo"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="Logos" width="66" height="20"> </div> <div class="c-search-box__field"> <form autocomplete="off" method="get" action="/intl/s" novalidate> <input class="c-search-box__input" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" data-component="search-input"> <button class="c-search-box__icon-button" data-component="search-button"> <span class="c-search-box__icon-button-maginify" aria-hidden="true"> <svg width="20" height="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12.266 12.266c1.053-1.054 1.58-2.322 1.58-3.804 0-1.483-.527-2.75-1.58-3.805-1.054-1.053-2.322-1.58-3.804-1.58-1.483 0-2.75.527-3.805 1.58-1.053 1.054-1.58 2.322-1.58 3.805 0 1.482.527 2.75 1.58 3.804 1.054 1.053 2.322 1.58 3.805 1.58 1.482 0 2.75-.527 3.804-1.58Zm7.29 5.114c.296.296.444.657.444 1.082 0 .416-.152.777-.457 1.081a1.478 1.478 0 0 1-1.081.457c-.433 0-.794-.152-1.082-.457l-4.123-4.11c-1.434.993-3.033 1.49-4.795 1.49a8.314 8.314 0 0 1-3.288-.667 8.46 8.46 0 0 1-2.704-1.803A8.46 8.46 0 0 1 .667 11.75 8.314 8.314 0 0 1 0 8.462C0 7.316.222 6.22.667 5.174A8.46 8.46 0 0 1 2.47 2.47 8.46 8.46 0 0 1 5.174.667 8.314 8.314 0 0 1 8.462 0c1.145 0 2.241.222 3.287.667a8.46 8.46 0 0 1 2.704 1.803 8.46 8.46 0 0 1 1.803 2.704 8.314 8.314 0 0 1 .667 3.288c0 1.762-.497 3.36-1.49 4.795l4.122 4.123Z"/> </svg> </span> </button> </form> <div class="c-search-box__suggest-panel" data-component="suggest-panel"> <div class="c-search-box__suggest-panel-tabs"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-nav__desktop-utility-panel" is-expanded="false" aria-expanded="false" data-component="login-panel"> <div class="main-nav__desktop-utility-panel-container"> <div class="main-nav__desktop-utility-panel-form-container"> <div class="main-nav__desktop-utility-panel-title"> Sign in to your Gale Account </div> </div> <div class="main-nav__desktop-utility-panel-helpers"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-nav__mobile-login-panel p-mobile-login-panel" is-active="false" data-component="mobile-login-panel"> <div class="p-mobile-login-panel__container container"> <a href="javascript:;" class="p-mobile-login-panel__cancel"> <i class="p-mobile-login-panel__cancel-icon fa fa-angle-left"></i> <span>Cancel</span> </a> <div class="p-mobile-login-panel__section p-mobile-login-panel__section--form"> <div class="p-mobile-login-panel__head"> <div class="p-mobile-login-panel__title"> Sign in to your Gale Account </div> </div> </div> <div class="p-mobile-login-panel__footer"> </div> </div> </div> </nav>  <div class="modal fade international-modal" id="InternationalModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby=""> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document" style="max-width:480px"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-body">  </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="c-modal modal fade" id="modal-ecommerce-error" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="modal-ecommerce-error-label" aria-hidden="true"> <script id="commerceMessages" type="application/json"> { "label.addtocart.message.0": "Product(s) added to the cart successfully. See your <a href='https://myaccount.gale.com/cart'>Cart</a>", "label.addtocart.message.1": "Error adding to cart. Please try again or contact our Customer Experience team at 1-800-877-4253 or <a href='mailto:gale.customerexperience@cengage.com' >gale.customerexperience@cengage.com</a> for help completing your order.", "label.addtocart.message.2": "Invalid or Expired Token, please logout and login again.", "label.addtocart.message.3": "There is an issue adding the products selected to your cart or wish list. Please contact our customer experience team at 1-800-877-4253 or <a href='mailto:gale.customerexperience@cengage.com' >gale.customerexperience@cengage.com</a> for help completing your order.", "label.addtocart.message.4": "Only 100 products can be ordered at a time. Please create a new order for any additional products, or contact gale.customerexperience@cengage.com.", "label.addtocart.message.5": "Invalid StorefrontID or Empty StorefrontID", "label.addtocart.message.6": "There was an error adding these products to the cart, Invalid ISBN - %1", "label.addtocart.message.7": "Failed to add, Cannot add more than 20 items", "label.addtocart.message.8": "Session expired, please refresh the page and sign in again.", "label.addtocart.message.9": "There was an error adding these products to the cart - %1%2", "label.addtocart.message.10": "%1 Product(s) have been added to your cart but %2 have been backordered and will be fulfilled when stock is available %3. See your <a href='https://myaccount.gale.com/cart'>Cart</a>", "label.addtocart.message.11": "Products have been added to your cart but this %1 have been backordered and will be fulfilled when stock is available %2. See your <a href='https://myaccount.gale.com/cart'>Cart</a>", "label.addtocart.message.12": "Products weren't added to the cart, error on these products - %1%2", "label.addtocart.message.13": "You can't add more than 1000 products per order %1", "label.addtowishlist.message.0": "Product(s) added to the wish list successfully. See your <a href='https://myaccount.gale.com/wishlist'>Wish List</a>", "label.addtowishlist.message.1": "Error adding to wish list, please try again or contact our Customer Experience team at 1-800-877-4253 or <a href='mailto:gale.customerexperience@cengage.com' >gale.customerexperience@cengage.com</a> for help completing your order.", "label.addtowishlist.message.2": "Invalid or Expired Token, please logout and login again.", "label.addtowishlist.message.3": "There is an issue adding the products selected to your cart or wish list. Please contact our customer experience team at 1-800-877-4253 or <a href='mailto:gale.customerexperience@cengage.com' >gale.customerexperience@cengage.com</a> for help completing your order.", "label.addtowishlist.message.4": "???label.addtowishlist.message.4???", "label.addtowishlist.message.5": "Invalid StorefrontID or Empty StorefrontID", "label.addtowishlist.message.6": "There was an error adding these products to the wish list, Invalid ISBN - %1", "label.addtowishlist.message.7": "Failed to add, Cannot add more than 20 items", "label.addtowishlist.message.8": "Session expired, please refresh the page and sign in again.", "label.addtowishlist.message.9": "There was an error adding these products to the wish list - %1", "label.addtowishlist.message.10": "Product(s) added to the wish list successfully. See your <a href='https://myaccount.gale.com/wishlist'>Wish List</a>", "label.cartcount.message.0": "CartCount Success", "label.cartcount.message.1": "Error in SAP Service, please try again or contact our Customer Experience team at 1-800-877-4253 or <a href='mailto:gale.customerexperience@cengage.com' >gale.customerexperience@cengage.com</a> for help completing your order.", "label.cartcount.message.2": "Invalid GUID/ Empty GUID", "label.login.message.0": "Login success", "label.login.message.1": "Login Failed, invalid username or password.", "label.general.header": "ATTENTION" } </script> <div class="c-modal__dialog modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="c-modal__content modal-content"> <div class="c-modal__header modal-header"> <h5 class="c-modal__title modal-title" id="modal-ecommerce-error-label"> Error </h5> <button type="button" class="c-modal__close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span class="sr-only"> Close Modal </span> <span class="c-modal__close-icon" aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button> </div> <div class="c-modal__body modal-body"> <div class="c-modal__description"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <section class="main-section gale-section color-cell-white main-section--no-padding-bottom"> <div class="container">  <div class="simple-content-block" > <p><a href="https://www.gale.com/intl/accessibility#main">Skip to Main Content</a></p> <h1><strong><span style="color:#003865">Gale’s Platform Accessibility Policy </span></strong></h1> <p><sup><em>Last updated: 01 May, 2024</em></sup></p> </div>  </div> </section> <section class="main-section gale-section color-cell-white main-section--no-padding-top"> <div class="container">  <div class="simple-content-block" id="main"> <h2><strong><span style="color:#003865">Gale, here for everyone </span></strong></h2> <p>At Gale, we are committed to making our core platform universally accessible and user-friendly in conformance with:  </p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1</a> from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), level A & AA </p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://www.section508.gov/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Section 508 standards of the US Rehabilitation Act</a>  </p> </li> <li> <p><a href="https://www.ada.gov/resources/web-guidance/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)</a> </p> </li> <li><a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/EN/legal-content/summary/accessibility-of-public-sector-websites-and-mobile-apps.html">EU Directive on the accessibility of the websites and mobile applications of public sector bodies 2016</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/952/made">UK Public Sector Bodies (Websites and Mobile Applications) (No.2) Accessibility Regulations 2018</a></li> </ul> <p>Full details of how Gale’s platforms comply with WCAG 2.1 and Section 508 criteria are available in the form of <a href="https://support.gale.com/vpats/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Voluntary Product Accessibility Template (VPAT) documents</a>.  </p> <p><img height="200" src="/binaries/content/gallery/gale-us-en/logos/awards/aspirebadge_gale100.png" /></p> <p>Gale achieved a 100% Gold rating in February 2024 for the quality of our accessibility information: see the <a href="https://www.textboxdigital.com/aspirelist-platforms" target="_blank">ASPIRE platform list</a> for further details.</p> <p>If you have any feedback or inquiries, including requests for accessible versions of documents, please contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#612002020412120803080d0815184f26000d042102040f060006044f020e0c" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="135270707660607a717a7f7a676a3d54727f765370767d747274763d707c7e">[email protected]</span></a>. A member of our Accessibility Council will follow up within three business days to discuss how we can best meet your needs. Requests for accessible versions of historical primary source documents are treated on a case-by-case basis and assessed for feasibility and target turnaround time depending on the length and complexity of the document.</p> <p> </p> <h2><span style="color:#003865"><strong>Accessibility Features </strong></span></h2> <p>Gale’s platforms are designed to support users with visual, hearing, mobility or cognitive impairments, and any users accessing via keyboard-only inputs or assistive technologies. We employ ARIA (Accessibility for Rich Internet Applications) to enhance navigation, orientation and labelling for users of screen readers and other assistive technology. Our platforms do not convey information or meaning using color only: whenever color is used to convey information, it is paired with an alternative method of conveyance. Color contrast for platform elements is always 4.5:1 or greater: however, documents may include images of tables, charts and graphs that do not meet minimum contrast standards. In the majority of cases, users are able to:  </p> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Read articles in HTML text</strong> which supports re-sizing and reflowability. All documents in OneFile, In Context and Gale eBooks are available as HTML, as are most documents in Gale Literature and Gale Business Insights. These files are all free of DRM (Digital Rights Management).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Change font, font sizes, font spacing and color contrast</strong>, either via browser controls or via a dedicated toolbar which is available at the top of every HTML article. This feature applies changes to the article text only, and the chosen font size persists throughout the user’s session.  </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Use the ‘Adjust Image’ feature</strong> in Gale Primary Sources to change the contrast or invert colours of document images </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Zoom in up to 200%</strong> using the browser zoom function without requiring horizontal scrolling </p> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <p><strong>Read OCR (Optical Character Recognition) text </strong>for the majority of Gale Primary Sources archives </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Use a keyboard to navigate the site</strong> without encountering keyboard traps </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Use a screen reader </strong>to access text, either via a third-party application or using the built-in Readspeaker functionality which is accessible in the article toolbar for all HTML articles (see the <a href="https://support.gale.com/doc/readspeaker">Readspeaker Support Page</a> for further details and guidance). Users can also use built-in browser functionality (e.g. the Edge browser’s text-to-speech features) or browser plugins for Chrome or Firefox (note: users are responsible for checking the suitability and safety of any plugin before installing).</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Skip to main content</strong> to avoid repetitive links </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Read page titles</strong> which are consistent and descriptive, allowing users to immediately grasp what the contents of the page are  </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Easily navigate the site</strong> using consistently tagged structural elements such as headings and ARIA regions to ensure correct reading order, and correctly named links </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Use predictive search</strong> (search assist) to see recommended search terms  </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Use forms</strong> which have correct field labels and easily understandable error messages </p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Download PDFs</strong> where available, with no Digital Rights Management (DRM) restrictions on copying or printing functionality. Users who require full book files can contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#6c2d0f0f091f1f050e0500051815422b0d00092c0f09020b0d0b09420f0301" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0d4c6e6e687e7e646f6461647974234a6c61684d6e68636a6c6a68236e6260">[email protected]</span></a> and any PDFs provided will also be DRM-free.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Access transcripts and closed captions</strong> of video and audio content. </p> </li> <li><strong>Access alt text</strong> for images: where provided by the publishers, this is fully supported by the Gale platform.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <h2><strong><span style="color:#003865">Reading Experience</span></strong></h2> <p>For an optimal online reading experience, we recommend using Gale’s HTML text article display, as this supports all of the Accessibility Features described above, such as re-sizing, reflow and text-to-speech access, either via browser controls or via the toolbar at the top of every HTML article.  Options include:</p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type:none"> <ul style="list-style-type:circle"> <li>Change to alternate fonts including Open Dyslexic</li> <li>Adjust font size and letter, word, and line spacing</li> <li>Select from four different color contrast options.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Additionally, the HTML includes Text-to-speech using Readspeaker (<a href="https://support.gale.com/doc/readspeaker">https://support.gale.com/doc/readspeaker</a>) and the ability to translate into 49 languages.</p> <p>This tutorial shows how to use tools like Translate, Listen, and Display Edit within many Gale resources: <a href="https://support.gale.com/doc/galetools-video7">https://support.gale.com/doc/galetools-video7</a></p> <p>For offline reading of articles and book chapters, we provide accessible PDF downloads. EPUB files are not available.</p> <p> </p> <h2><span style="color:#003865"><strong>How Gale’s Platforms Are Tested </strong></span></h2> <p>Gale’s platforms have been tested using a combination of automation (using Deque System’s automated AXE tool) and manual testing, covering screen-reader accessibility, keyboard-only use, color contrast, color-blindness accessibility and other criteria stipulated by WCAG. Third-party specialist testers carry out manual testing, including testing by non-sighted users, using JAWS 2018, Non-Visual Desktop Access (NVDA) VoiceOver and Talkback on a range of the most widely used browsers and operating systems. WebAIM’s Color Contrast Analyzer is used to ensure contrast always meets the WCAG threshold. We have worked with the <a href="https://www.libraryaccessibility.org/">Library Accessibility Alliance</a> and responded to their feedback on Gale Primary Sources platforms.</p> <p> </p> <h2><span style="color:#003865"><strong>Exceptions </strong></span></h2> <p>Recent Gale eBook titles include accessible features such as alt text for images, and we request that our third-party publisher partners also provide accessible files. However, there are a number of issues with older content, digitized historical sources, third-party licensed content and third-party software tools which cause exceptions. As technology evolves, Gale will continue to review these issues and make every effort to remediate them where feasible:</p> <ul> <li>OCR text for Gale Primary Sources archives is of variable quality and does not include structured metadata and tagging. Some archives are lacking OCR. </li> <li>Licensed third-party content and older backfile titles contain images which lack alt text, and some PDFs do not have accessible text.</li> <li>Videos from third parties which are hosted on external platforms may lack transcripts.</li> <li>The video player does not provide synchronisation of transcripts.</li> <li>Topic Finder, Highlights & Notes and other interactive features are not yet accessible to keyboard-only and screen-reader users.</li> </ul> <h2> </h2> <h2><span style="color:#003865"><strong>Roadmap</strong></span></h2> <p>Gale has a proactive rolling program of accessibility compliance work, with dedicated Product, User Experience and Technology leads drawing on accessibility testing reports and feedback from libraries and users to identify and prioritise accessibility enhancements.</p> <p><span style="color:black">Recent improvements to our platforms include: </span></p> <div> <div class="msocomtxt"> <ul> <li>Migration of several databases from legacy platforms to our modern, more accessible interfaces, including <em>Gale: Business Insights</em> (Oct 2022), <em>State Papers Online </em>(Dec 2022), <em>Early Arabic Printed Books </em>(Mar 2023), <em>British Literary Manuscripts Online </em>(May 2023) <em>Archives of Latin American and Caribbean History, Sixteenth to Twentieth Century </em>(formerly <em>World Scholar: Latin America and the Caribbean</em>, May 2023) and <em>Chatham House Online Archive</em> (Mar 2024).</li> <li>Addition of OCR (Optical Character Recognition) text for older volumes of <em>Gale Literature: Dictionary of Literary Biography </em>and <em>Gale Literature: Something About the Author</em></li> <li>Improvements to the ReadSpeaker text-to-speech tool: see more details in our <a href="https://blog.gale.com/new-readspeaker-enhancements-for-improved-accessibility/" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">ReadSpeaker enhancements blog post</a>.</li> </ul> <p>Planned improvements to be delivered in 2024:</p> <ul> <li>Translate feature: improve navigation by fixing labels and announcing status changes</li> <li>Labels and Headings: standardize labels to facilitate navigation, provide important cues and instructions, increase understanding of forms and controls</li> <li><em>In Context</em> home pages: improve navigation</li> <li>Improve Person and Works Search, image viewer and date limiters</li> <li>Increase zoom capability to 400%.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <p> </p> <h2><span style="color:#003865"><strong>Cengage Group Accessibility Policy </strong></span></h2> <p>For information about Cengage textbooks and digital platforms, please see the <a href="https://www.cengagegroup.com/accessibility/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Cengage Group Accessibility</a> page. </p> </div>  </div> </section> <footer class="gale-footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="gale-footer__head row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="dropdown pull-left"> <h3 class="gale-footer__head__title" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <span>GALE</span> <span class="text-highlighted"> <span> INTERNATIONAL </span> <span class="caret"></span> </span> </h3> <ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel"> <li class="dropdown-header">Set your region:</li> <li><a href="https://www.gale.com/intl" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region', 'uk', 'www.gale.com', '/', 256)" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="INTERNATIONAL">INTERNATIONAL</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gale.com/" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region', 'us', 'www.gale.com', '/', 256)" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="NORTH AMERICA">NORTH AMERICA</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gale.com/jp" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region', 'jp', 'www.gale.com', '/', 256)" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="JAPAN">JAPAN</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gale.com/cn" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region', 'cn', 'www.gale.com', '/', 256)" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="CHINA">CHINA</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.gale.com/es" onclick="window.setCookie('g-region', 'es', 'www.gale.com', '/', 256)" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="LATIN AMERICA">LATIN AMERICA</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="gale-footer__head__scroll-top pull-right"> <div class="top-page page-scroll"> <a href="#top" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Top of page"> <i class="icon icon-angle-up"></i> <i>Top of page</i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="hidden-xs col-sm-2"> <div> <h4 class="gale-footer__main-menu">Gale</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="/intl/about" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Gale > About">About</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/newsroom" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Gale > News">News</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://review.gale.com" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Gale > Blog">Blog</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/uk/events" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Gale > Events">Events</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-xs col-sm-2"> <div> <h4 class="gale-footer__main-menu">Markets</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="/intl/academic" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Markets > Academic">Academic</a> </li> <li> <a href="/intl/schools" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Markets > Schools">Schools</a> </li> <li> <a href="/intl/public" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Markets > Public">Public</a> </li> <li> <a href="/intl/special" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Markets > Special">Special</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-xs col-sm-2"> <div> <h4 class="gale-footer__main-menu">Products</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="/intl/primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Primary Sources">Primary Sources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/intl/primary-sources/digital-scholar-lab" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Gale Digital Scholar Lab">Gale Digital Scholar Lab</a> </li> <li> <a href="/intl/databases" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Databases">Databases</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-research-complete" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Gale Research Complete">Gale Research Complete</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/gvrl" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > eBooks">eBooks</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.cengage.com/search/showresults.do?N=197%2B4294921854%2B4294916915" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Print">Print</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/intl/microform" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Products > Microform">Microform</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="hidden-xs col-sm-2"> <div> <h4 class="gale-footer__main-menu">Support</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="/intl/support" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Support Home">Support Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/uk/contact-your-rep" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Find Your Rep">Find Your Rep</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://support.gale.com/training" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Training">Training</a> </li> <li> <a href="http://support.gale.com/technical" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Tech Support">Tech Support</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com//intl/discovery-services" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Discovery">Discovery</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gale.com/intl/accessibility" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support > Accessibility">Accessibility</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-offset-0 col-xs-12 col-sm-4"> <h4>CONNECT WITH GALE</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li> <a href="https://linkedin.com/company/gale-global-academic/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Social" data-wa-event-label="linkedin"><i class="icon icon-social icon-gale-linkedin"> </i><span class="sr-only">linkedin</span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/GaleAcademic" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Social" data-wa-event-label="twitter"><i class="icon icon-social icon-gale-x"> </i><span class="sr-only">twitter</span></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/GaleCengage" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Social" data-wa-event-label="youtube"><i class="icon icon-social icon-gale-youtube"> </i><span class="sr-only">youtube</span></a> </li> <br/> <li> <i>For quick support</i><br/> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e88f89848dc68f84878a8984c69c8d8b80d9a88b8d868f898f8dc68b8785" data-wa-event-category="Contact" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="gale.global.tech1@cengage.com"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="afc8cec3ca81c8c3c0cdcec381dbcaccc79eefcccac1c8cec8ca81ccc0c2">[email protected]</span></a><br/> For support, tips and tricks follow <a href="https://twitter.com/GaleAcademic" data-wa-event-category="Contact" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="@GaleAcademic"> @GaleAcademic</a><br/> </li> </ul> <div class="has-edit-button"></div> </div> <div class="visible-xs col-xs-12"> <h4>PRODUCTS</h4> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-nav-products"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/intl/primary-sources" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Primary Sources"> <i class="icon icon-primary-sources"> </i> Primary<br/>Sources </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/intl/primary-sources/digital-scholar-lab" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Gale Digital Scholar Lab"> Gale<br/>Digital<br/>Scholar<br/>Lab </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/intl/databases" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Databases"> <i class="icon icon-database"> </i> Databases </a> </div> </div><div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://www.gale.com/intl/databases/gale-research-complete" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Gale Research Complete"> Gale<br/>Research<br/>Complete </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://www.gale.com/gvrl" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="eBooks"> <i class="icon icon-ebook"> </i> eBooks </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="http://www.cengage.com/search/showresults.do?N=197+4294921854+4294916915" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Print"> <i class="icon icon-print-book"> </i> Print </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://www.gale.com/intl/microform" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Microform"> Microform </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="visible-xs col-xs-12"> <h4>GALE</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline">  <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/intl/about" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="About">About</a> </li>  <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://www.gale.com/newsroom" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="News">News</a> </li>  <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://review.gale.com/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Blog">Blog</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="visible-xs col-xs-12"> <h4>MARKETS</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline">  <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/intl/academic" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Academic">Academic</a> </li>  <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/intl/schools" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Schools">Schools</a> </li>  <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/intl/public" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Public">Public</a> </li>  <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/intl/special" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Special">Special</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="visible-xs col-xs-12"> <h4>SUPPORT</h4> <ul class="list-unstyled list-inline">  <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="/intl/support" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Support Home">Support Home</a> </li>  <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="https://www.gale.com/uk/contact-your-rep" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Find Your Rep">Find Your Rep</a> </li>  <li class="col-xs-4"> <a href="http://support.gale.com/training/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Training">Training</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <br> </div> </footer> <div class="sub-footer" id="bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-4"> © 2024 Gale, part of <a href="https://www.cengagegroup.com/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Cengage company" target="_blank"> Cengage Group </a> </div> <div class="col-sm-8 text-right"> <a href="https://www.cengage.com/legal/terms-gale" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Legal terms" target="_blank"> <strong>TERMS OF USE</strong></a> <span>|</span> <a href="https://www.cengage.co.uk/education/privacy-policy/" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Legal privacy" target="_blank"> <strong>PRIVACY</strong></a> <span>|</span> <a href="https://www.gale.com/intl/sitemap" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="SiteMap" target="_blank"> <strong>SITEMAP</strong></a> <span>|</span> <a href="https://www.gale.com/feedback" data-wa-event-category="Navigation" data-wa-event-name="Footer" data-wa-event-label="Feedback" target="_blank"> <strong>FEEDBACK</strong> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="/webfiles/1729675621577/gen/gale/js/main.js"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Platform Accessibility Policy | Gale