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<li id="toc-Prospering_port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prospering_port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Prospering port </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prospering_port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 City status </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bombed_and_battered" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bombed_and_battered"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Bombed and battered </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bombed_and_battered-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_of_Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_of_Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 City of Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_of_Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Governance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Governance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Municipal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Parliament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Industry </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Industry-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Industry subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Port </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commerce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commerce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Commerce </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Commerce-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Commerce subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Commerce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Trade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Trade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Retail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nightlife,_bars_and_pubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nightlife,_bars_and_pubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Nightlife, bars and pubs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nightlife,_bars_and_pubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_and_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Art and galleries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_and_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Creations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Creations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three_Ships_mural" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three_Ships_mural"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Three Ships mural </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three_Ships_mural-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Theatres </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Charity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Cultural references </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Cultural references subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Poetry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.1 Classical </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rock,_pop_and_folk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rock,_pop_and_folk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.2 Rock, pop and folk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rock,_pop_and_folk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_green_spaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_green_spaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Parks and green spaces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_green_spaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Railway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.2 Buses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bridges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bridges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.3 Bridges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bridges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.4 Ports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.5 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.6 Cycling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.7 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Telephone_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telephone_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Telephone system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telephone_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydraulic_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydraulic_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Hydraulic power </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydraulic_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.3 Public services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University_of_Hull" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Hull"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1.1 University of Hull </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Hull-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-University_of_Lincoln" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_of_Lincoln"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1.2 University of Lincoln </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_of_Lincoln-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specialist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Specialist </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specialist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Colleges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.4 Schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialect_and_accent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialect_and_accent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Dialect and accent </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialect_and_accent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 International relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 Freedom of the City </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Freedom of the City subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.1 Individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2 Military units </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.3 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 20 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 21 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 22 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 22.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 23 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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mw-first-heading">Kingston upon Hull: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" > 82 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyngest%C5%ABn_on_Hul" title="Cyngestūn on Hul – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cyngestūn on Hul" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84" title="كينغستون أبون هال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كينغستون أبون هال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinqston-apon-Hall" title="Kinqston-apon-Hall – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kinqston-apon-Hall" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84" title="کینقستون آپون هال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کینقستون آپون هال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="কিংস্টন আপন হাল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিংস্টন আপন হাল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кінгстан-апан-Хал – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кінгстан-апан-Хал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Кінгстан-апон-Гал – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кінгстан-апон-Гал" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D1%8A%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%BB" title="Кингстън ъпон Хъл – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кингстън ъпон Хъл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB" title="Κίνγκστον απόν Χαλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κίνγκστον απόν Χαλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84" title="کینگستون اپان هال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کینگستون اپان هال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%82%B9%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4%EC%96%B4%ED%8F%B0%ED%97%90" title="킹스턴어폰헐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="킹스턴어폰헐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AC_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Հալ (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հալ (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_na_Hullu" title="Kingston na Hullu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kingston na Hullu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Кингстон-апон-Халл – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кингстон-апон-Халл" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C" title="קינגסטון על ההאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קינגסטון על ההאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D)" title="ჰალი (გაერთიანებული სამეფო) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰალი (გაერთიანებული სამეფო)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Кингстон-Апон-Халл – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кингстон-Апон-Халл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingstonium_ad_Hullum" title="Kingstonium ad Hullum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kingstonium ad Hullum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingstona_pie_Hallas" title="Kingstona pie Hallas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kingstona pie Hallas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston-upon-Hull" title="Kingston-upon-Hull – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kingston-upon-Hull" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingstonas_prie_Halo" title="Kingstonas prie Halo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kingstonas prie Halo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84" title="كينجستون ابون هال – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كينجستون ابون هال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84" title="کینگستن هال – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کینگستن هال" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9C" title="ꯀꯤꯡꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯄꯣꯟ ꯍꯨꯜ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯤꯡꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯄꯣꯟ ꯍꯨꯜ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9D%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB" title="キングストン・アポン・ハル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キングストン・アポン・ハル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86" title="کنگسٹن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کنگسٹن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Кингстон-апон-Халл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кингстон-апон-Халл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Кингстон на Халу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кингстон на Халу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D2%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Киңстон-апон-Һалл – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Киңстон-апон-Һалл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Кінгстон-апон-Галл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кінгстон-апон-Галл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86_%DB%81%D9%84" title="کنگسٹن اپون ہل – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کنگسٹن اپون ہل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF" title="赫尔河畔金斯顿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="赫尔河畔金斯顿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A3_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C" title="קינגסטאן אויף האל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קינגסטאן אויף האל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E5%9F%8E" title="侯城 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="侯城" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kingston upon Hull" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Keith_D" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Keith D" data-mw-revid="1257143607"><bdi>Keith D</bdi></a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Keith_D" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Keith D">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Keith_D" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Keith D">contribs</a>)<div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autopatrolled" title="Wikipedia:Autopatrolled">Autopatrolled</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount">543,214 edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <a href="#Rock,_pop_and_folk">→<bdi dir="ltr">Rock, pop and folk</bdi></a>: Comment out for now as cannot locate suitable ref to cover</div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(20 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown)</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 238:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 238:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|archive-date = 27 March 2009}}</ref> The destroyed areas of the city were rebuilt in the post–Second World War period.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hull: A northern coastal town. |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/whats-new/features/blitz-stories/hull-a-northern-coastal-town/ |accessdate=8 May 2022 |website=Historic England}}</ref> In the early 21st&nbsp;century spending boom before the [[2008–2012 global recession|late 2000s recession]] the city saw large amounts of new retail, commercial, housing and public service construction spending.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|archive-date = 27 March 2009}}</ref> The destroyed areas of the city were rebuilt in the post–Second World War period.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hull: A northern coastal town. |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/whats-new/features/blitz-stories/hull-a-northern-coastal-town/ |accessdate=8 May 2022 |website=Historic England}}</ref> In the early 21st&nbsp;century spending boom before the [[2008–2012 global recession|late 2000s recession]] the city saw large amounts of new retail, commercial, housing and public service construction spending.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The city offers a variety of museums, art galleries, stunning architecture, and a thriving arts scene<ref>{{Cite web |title=Visit Hull, East Yorkshire - Tourist Information |url=https://www.yorkshire.com/hull/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.yorkshire.com}}</ref><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del> Due to <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Hull’s</del> growing appeal as an outdoor film location, particularly for period dramas using the Old <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Town’s</del> historic streets and buildings, plans for a purpose-built film studio complex have been approved by Hull City Council. The £3m complex could open by the end of 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film studios approved on banks of Humber |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/czq60pplv79o |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘The perfect location’: Film studio plans approved |url=https://www.thehullstory.com/allarticles/film-studio-plans-approved |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.thehullstory.com}}</ref> The city has earned the nickname "Hullywood" in recent years, after productions including [[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]], [[Enola Holmes 2]], [[The Personal History of David Copperfield]], [[Victoria (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tv</del> series)|Victoria]] and [[Blitz (2024 film)|Blitz]] have been filmed in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blitz film trailer gives glimpse of city locations |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c62gwnkg5e9o |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=13 films and TV shows you didn't know were filmed in Hull and East Yorkshire |url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/celebs-tv/films-tv-shows-filmed-hull-4830637 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.hulldailymail.co.uk}}</ref> A senior council official has said that interest from the film industry was almost non-stop at the moment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Three more films set to shoot in Hull as each brings big money into the city |url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/hull-east-yorkshire-news/hullywood-film-shoots-bringing-big-8157174 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.hulldailymail.co.uk}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The city offers a variety of museums, art galleries, stunning architecture, and a thriving arts scene<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins><ref>{{Cite web |title=Visit Hull, East Yorkshire - Tourist Information |url=https://www.yorkshire.com/hull/ |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.yorkshire.com}}</ref> Due to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Hull's</ins> growing appeal as an outdoor film location, particularly for period dramas using the Old <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Town's</ins> historic streets and buildings, plans for a purpose-built film studio complex have been approved by Hull City Council. The £3m complex could open by the end of 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film studios approved on banks of Humber |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/czq60pplv79o |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘The perfect location’: Film studio plans approved |url=https://www.thehullstory.com/allarticles/film-studio-plans-approved |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.thehullstory.com}}</ref> The city has earned the nickname "Hullywood" in recent years, after productions including [[The Crown (TV series)|The Crown]], [[Enola Holmes 2]], [[The Personal History of David Copperfield]], [[Victoria (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">British TV</ins> series)|Victoria]] and [[Blitz (2024 film)|Blitz]] have been filmed in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blitz film trailer gives glimpse of city locations |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c62gwnkg5e9o |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=13 films and TV shows you didn't know were filmed in Hull and East Yorkshire |url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/celebs-tv/films-tv-shows-filmed-hull-4830637 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.hulldailymail.co.uk}}</ref> A senior council official has said that interest from the film industry was almost non-stop at the moment.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Three more films set to shoot in Hull as each brings big money into the city |url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/hull-east-yorkshire-news/hullywood-film-shoots-bringing-big-8157174 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.hulldailymail.co.uk}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>In 2017, it was the [[UK City of Culture]] and hosted the [[Turner Prize]] at the city's [[Ferens Art Gallery]].<ref>{{cite news</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>In 2017, it was the [[UK City of Culture]] and hosted the [[Turner Prize]] at the city's [[Ferens Art Gallery]].<ref>{{cite news</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 246:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 246:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|work=BBC News</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|work=BBC News</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|publisher=BBC</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|publisher=BBC</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>|access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> Other notable landmarks in the city are [[Hull Minster|the Minster]], [[River Hull tidal surge barrier|the tidal surge barrier]], {{rws|Hull||the Paragon Interchange}} and [[The Deep (aquarium)|The Deep]] Hull's award<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del>winning aquarium. Areas of the town centre include the [[old town]] (including its museum quarter) and the [[Hull Marina|marina]]. [[Hull University]] was founded in 1927 and had over 16,000 students in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the University of Hull|url=https://www.hull.ac.uk/choose-hull/university-and-region/about-us/about-the-university-of-hull |website=University of Hull |access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> Rugby league football teams include clubs [[Hull F.C.]] and [[Hull Kingston Rovers]]. The city's association football club is [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] ([[EFL Championship]]). [[Hull RUFC]] and [[Hull Ionians]] both play in the [[National League 2 North]] of rugby union.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>|access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref> Other notable landmarks in the city are [[Hull Minster|the Minster]], [[River Hull tidal surge barrier|the tidal surge barrier]], {{rws|Hull||the Paragon Interchange}} and [[The Deep (aquarium)|The Deep]] Hull's award<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-</ins>winning aquarium. Areas of the town centre include the [[old town]] (including its museum quarter) and the [[Hull Marina|marina]]. [[Hull University]] was founded in 1927 and had over 16,000 students in 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the University of Hull|url=https://www.hull.ac.uk/choose-hull/university-and-region/about-us/about-the-university-of-hull |website=University of Hull |access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref> Rugby league football teams include clubs [[Hull F.C.]] and [[Hull Kingston Rovers]]. The city's association football club is [[Hull City A.F.C.|Hull City]] ([[EFL Championship]]). [[Hull RUFC]] and [[Hull Ionians]] both play in the [[National League 2 North]] of rugby union.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The city came 2nd in the [[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] list of the 15 best places to visit in the UK in 2024, with the guide commenting that the city has got "The Deep, an enormous aquarium with 3,000 species, a picturesque old town which survived the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">city’s</del> relentless WWII bombings, and lots of up and coming indie art galleries like Ground and Artlink. Don't sleep on Hull".<ref>{{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Cite</del> web |title=The 15 best places to visit in the UK in 2024 |url=https://www.timeout.com/uk/things-to-do/best-places-to-visit-in-the-uk-2024 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.timeout.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Time Out names Hull the second best place to visit in 2024 due to growth of Freedom Quarter |url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/hull-east-yorkshire-news/time-out-names-hull-second-8959517 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.hulldailymail.co.uk}}</ref> In 2016, it was named as one of the top 10 cities in the world to visit by [[Rough Guides]] alongside cities such as Seoul, Vancouver, Amsterdam and Reykjavik.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rough Guides includes Hull in list of 10 cities in the world to visit in 2016 |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/rough-guide-hull-named-list-10-cities-world-visit-2016-1535753 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.ibtimes.co.uk}}</ref> In 2017, the city was featured in [[The Sunday Times]] Best Places to Live Guide and in 2024 was named as one of the UK's most "up and coming" places to move to.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hull City of Culture 2017 |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/content/heritage-counts/pub/2014/case-study-hull-city-of-culture-pdf/#:~:text=Hull%20has%20been%20named%20by,realm%20infrastructure%20on%20the%20way. |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.historicengland.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hull is named one of UK's most 'up and coming' places to move to by The Sunday Times thanks to docklands regeneration |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/lifestyle/homes-and-gardens/hull-is-named-one-of-uks-most-up-and-coming-places-to-move-to-by-the-sunday-times-thanks-to-docklands-regeneration-4555756 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.yorkshirepost.co.uk}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The city came 2nd in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins> list of the 15 best places to visit in the UK in 2024, with the guide commenting that the city has got "The Deep, an enormous aquarium with 3,000 species, a picturesque old town which survived the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">city's</ins> relentless WWII bombings, and lots of up and coming indie art galleries like Ground and Artlink. Don't sleep on Hull".<ref>{{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cite</ins> web |title=The 15 best places to visit in the UK in 2024 |url=https://www.timeout.com/uk/things-to-do/best-places-to-visit-in-the-uk-2024 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.timeout.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Time Out names Hull the second best place to visit in 2024 due to growth of Freedom Quarter |url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/hull-east-yorkshire-news/time-out-names-hull-second-8959517 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.hulldailymail.co.uk}}</ref> In 2016, it was named as one of the top 10 cities in the world to visit by [[Rough Guides]] alongside cities such as Seoul, Vancouver, Amsterdam and Reykjavik.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rough Guides includes Hull in list of 10 cities in the world to visit in 2016 |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/rough-guide-hull-named-list-10-cities-world-visit-2016-1535753 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.ibtimes.co.uk}}</ref> In 2017, the city was featured in [[The Sunday Times]] Best Places to Live Guide and in 2024 was named as one of the UK's most "up and coming" places to move to.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hull City of Culture 2017 |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/content/heritage-counts/pub/2014/case-study-hull-city-of-culture-pdf/#:~:text=Hull%20has%20been%20named%20by,realm%20infrastructure%20on%20the%20way. |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.historicengland.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hull is named one of UK's most 'up and coming' places to move to by The Sunday Times thanks to docklands regeneration |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/lifestyle/homes-and-gardens/hull-is-named-one-of-uks-most-up-and-coming-places-to-move-to-by-the-sunday-times-thanks-to-docklands-regeneration-4555756 |access-date=28 October 2024 |website=www.yorkshirepost.co.uk}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==History==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==History==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 303:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 303:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>In 1440, a further charter [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] the town and instituted local government consisting of a mayor, a sheriff and twelve [[alderman|aldermen]].<ref name="VCHULL"/></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>In 1440, a further charter [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] the town and instituted local government consisting of a mayor, a sheriff and twelve [[alderman|aldermen]].<ref name="VCHULL"/></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In his ''Guide to Hull (1817)'', J. C. Craggs provides a colourful background to Edward's acquisition and naming of the town. He writes that the King and a hunting party started a hare which "led them along the delightful banks of the River Hull to the hamlet of Wyke <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">…</del> [Edward], charmed with the scene before him, viewed with delight the advantageous situation of this hitherto neglected and obscure corner. He foresaw it might become subservient both to render the kingdom more secure against foreign invasion, and at the same time greatly to enforce its commerce". Pursuant to these thoughts, Craggs continues, Edward purchased the land from the Abbot of Meaux, had a manor hall built for himself, issued proclamations encouraging development within the town, and bestowed upon it the royal appellation, ''King's Town''.<ref name="Craggs">{{cite book</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In his ''Guide to Hull (1817)'', J. C. Craggs provides a colourful background to Edward's acquisition and naming of the town. He writes that the King and a hunting party started a hare which "led them along the delightful banks of the River Hull to the hamlet of Wyke <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">...</ins> [Edward], charmed with the scene before him, viewed with delight the advantageous situation of this hitherto neglected and obscure corner. He foresaw it might become subservient both to render the kingdom more secure against foreign invasion, and at the same time greatly to enforce its commerce". Pursuant to these thoughts, Craggs continues, Edward purchased the land from the Abbot of Meaux, had a manor hall built for himself, issued proclamations encouraging development within the town, and bestowed upon it the royal appellation, ''King's Town''.<ref name="Craggs">{{cite book</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|last = Craggs</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|last = Craggs</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>|first = John</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>|first = John</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 325:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 325:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div></ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div></ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>From its medieval beginnings, Hull's main trading links were with Scotland and northern Europe. Scandinavia, the Baltic and the Low Countries were all key trading areas for Hull's merchants. In addition, there was trade with France, Spain and Portugal.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{citation</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">needed|date</del>=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">January 2022}}</del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>From its medieval beginnings, Hull's main trading links were with Scotland and northern Europe. Scandinavia, the Baltic and the Low Countries were all key trading areas for Hull's merchants. In addition, there was trade with France, Spain and Portugal.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">name</ins>=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"VCHULL"/></ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Sir [[William de la Pole of Hull|William de la Pole]] was the town's first mayor.<ref name="bbc_river_hull_walkway">{{cite web</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Sir [[William de la Pole of Hull|William de la Pole]] was the town's first mayor.<ref name="bbc_river_hull_walkway">{{cite web</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 387:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 387:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div></ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div></ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Hull's prosperity peaked in the decades just before the [[First World War]]; it was during this time, in 1897, that [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]] was granted.<ref name="hcc_history_of_hull"/> Many of the suburban areas on the western side of Hull were built in the 1930s, particularly Willerby Road and Anlaby Park, as well as most of [[Willerby, East Riding of Yorkshire|Willerby]] itself. This was part of the biggest British housing boom of the 20th&nbsp;century (possibly ever).{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Hull's prosperity peaked in the decades just before the [[First World War]]; it was during this time, in 1897, that [[City status in the United Kingdom|city status]] was granted.<ref name="hcc_history_of_hull"/> Many of the suburban areas on the western side of Hull were built in the 1930s, particularly Willerby Road and Anlaby Park, as well as most of [[Willerby, East Riding of Yorkshire|Willerby]] itself. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>===Bombed and battered===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>===Bombed and battered===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 436:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 436:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Main|UK City of Culture}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Main|UK City of Culture}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[File:Hull City Hall illuminated at the opening event for Hull City of Culture 2017 event 4.jpg|thumb|Hull City Hall during the opening event for Hull City of Culture 2017 event]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[File:Hull City Hall illuminated at the opening event for Hull City of Culture 2017 event 4.jpg|thumb|Hull City Hall during the opening event for Hull City of Culture 2017 event]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In 2017 Hull was awarded the title of 'City of Culture'<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/arts/hull-city-culture-tour/city-of-culture|title=Hull: City of Culture |publisher= British Council|access-date=26 November 2019}}</ref> by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Within the city there was a series of festivals in public spaces to promote the city and its newly given title. At the start of the year there was a huge firework display attracting a crowd of 25,000.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In 2017 Hull was awarded the title of 'City of Culture'<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/arts/hull-city-culture-tour/city-of-culture|title=Hull: City of Culture |publisher= British Council|access-date=26 November 2019}}</ref> by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Within the city there was a series of festivals in public spaces to promote the city and its newly given title. At the start of the year there was a huge firework display attracting a crowd of 25,000.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>{{cite news |title=UK City of Culture: Fireworks and projections start Hull 2017 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-38483517 |access-date=10 November 2024 |work=BBC News |date=1 January 2017}}</ref></ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{clear}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{clear}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,470:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,470:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |archive-date = 10 August 2011</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |archive-date = 10 August 2011</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>*{{cite news</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>*{{cite news</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>*{{cite news</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |url = http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/business-news/spencer-group-ready-to-build-renewables-plant-1-4774399</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |url = http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/business-news/spencer-group-ready-to-build-renewables-plant-1-4774399</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,482:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,482:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |work = The Yorkshire Post</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |work = The Yorkshire Post</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> |date = 29 July 2012</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> |date = 29 July 2012</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div> |<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">access-date</del> = 1 May 2013</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> |<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">accessdate</ins> = 1 May 2013</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>}}</ref> Commissioning of the plant was undertaken in 2019 with full operation expected to be late 2019.<ref>{{cite news</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</ref></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> |url = https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/business/behind-scenes-hulls-200m-energy-3107264</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> |title = Behind-the-scenes of Hull's huge £200m Energy Works plant</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> |last = Winter</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> |first = Phil</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> |date = 18 July 2019</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> |work = Hull Live</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> |accessdate = 13 November 2024}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>===Other===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>===Other===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[File:Hull Marina - geograph.org.uk - 2102705.jpg|thumb|[[Hull Marina]]]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[File:Hull Marina - geograph.org.uk - 2102705.jpg|thumb|[[Hull Marina]]]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Hull Marina]] was developed on land formerly occupied by the railway docks in the centre of the city. It was repurposed and opened in 1983, it has 270 berths for yachts and small sailing craft.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hull (Approaches and Marina) [Expanded View] - North East England: pilotage, charts, photos and marine business listings |url=https://www.visitmyharbour.com/harbours/north-east-england/hull-marina/expanded.asp |website=visitmyharbour.com |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="DN">{{cite book |last1=Pevsner |first1=Nikolaus<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> |authorlink=Nikolaus Pevsner</del> |last2=Neave |first2=David |title=Yorkshire : York and the East Riding |date=2002 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=London |isbn=0-300-09593-7 |page=106 |edition=2}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[Hull Marina]] was developed on land formerly occupied by the railway docks in the centre of the city. It was repurposed and opened in 1983, it has 270 berths for yachts and small sailing craft.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hull (Approaches and Marina) [Expanded View] - North East England: pilotage, charts, photos and marine business listings |url=https://www.visitmyharbour.com/harbours/north-east-england/hull-marina/expanded.asp |website=visitmyharbour.com |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref><ref name="DN">{{cite book |last1=Pevsner |first1=Nikolaus |last2=Neave |first2=David |title=Yorkshire : York and the East Riding |date=2002 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=London |isbn=0-300-09593-7 |page=106 |edition=2}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>In July 2014, the former Fruit Market was demolished with a technology hub [[C4DI (Centre for Digital Innovation)]] built in December 2015.<ref>{{cite news</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>In July 2014, the former Fruit Market was demolished with a technology hub [[C4DI (Centre for Digital Innovation)]] built in December 2015.<ref>{{cite news</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,575:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,582:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> | title = About Heron Foods</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> | title = About Heron Foods</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> | accessdate = 5 January 2018</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> | accessdate = 5 January 2018</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div> | archiveurl = <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">http</del>://web.archive.org/web/20120324145436/http://www.heronfoods.com/About.aspx</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> | archiveurl = <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">https</ins>://web.archive.org/web/20120324145436/http://www.heronfoods.com/About.aspx</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div> | archivedate = 24 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div> | archivedate = 24 March 2012</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> | url-status = live</ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </ins>}}</ref><ref>{{cite web</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> | url = https://www.hullccnews.co.uk/21/09/2017/founder-of-hull%C2%92s-william-jackson-food-group-honoured-with-mayor%C2%92s-centenary-plaque/</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> | url = https://www.hullccnews.co.uk/21/09/2017/founder-of-hull%C2%92s-william-jackson-food-group-honoured-with-mayor%C2%92s-centenary-plaque/</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> | title = Founder of Hull's William Jackson Food Group honoured with Mayor's Centenary Plaque</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> | title = Founder of Hull's William Jackson Food Group honoured with Mayor's Centenary Plaque</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,629:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1,638:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The ''[[St Stephen's Hull|St Stephen's]]'' shopping centre development on Ferensway adjacent to [[Hull Paragon Interchange]] is a {{convert|560000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} scheme, that opened in 2007. It is anchored by a [[superstore]] and provides many shop units, food outlets, a hotel, and a 7-screen cinema. Since its opening, shopping patterns within the city centre have shifted to the centre from around Princes Quay.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/hulls-retail-crisis-staggering-number-2008501|title=The staggering number of empty shops in Hull city centre revealed|last=Grove|first=Alex|date=17 September 2018|work=Hull Daily Mail|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The ''[[St Stephen's Hull|St Stephen's]]'' shopping centre development on Ferensway adjacent to [[Hull Paragon Interchange]] is a {{convert|560000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} scheme, that opened in 2007. It is anchored by a [[superstore]] and provides many shop units, food outlets, a hotel, and a 7-screen cinema. Since its opening, shopping patterns within the city centre have shifted to the centre from around Princes Quay.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/hulls-retail-crisis-staggering-number-2008501|title=The staggering number of empty shops in Hull city centre revealed|last=Grove|first=Alex|date=17 September 2018|work=Hull Daily Mail|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The ''North Point Shopping Centre'' (also known by as Bransholme Shopping Centre which is the area of the city it's in) contains a similar range of popular chain and budget retailers including [[Boyes (retailer)|Boyes]] and Heron Foods. There are also other outer centres for shopping and retail parks, including [[St Andrews Quay retail park]] on the Humber bank and [[Kingswood retail park]] (Kingswood).{{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">citation</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">needed</del>|date=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">January</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2022</del>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The ''North Point Shopping Centre'' (also known by as Bransholme Shopping Centre which is the area of the city it's in) contains a similar range of popular chain and budget retailers including [[Boyes (retailer)|Boyes]] and Heron Foods. There are also other outer centres for shopping and retail parks, including [[St Andrews Quay retail park]] on the Humber bank and [[Kingswood retail park]] (Kingswood).<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref></ins>{{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cite news</ins> |<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">last1=Blosse |first1=Benjamin |title=Expansion which may have seen Ikea in Hull looks set to be refused again |url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/32m-kingswood-retail-park-expansion-221050 |access-</ins>date=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">10 November 2024 |work=Hull Live |date=21 July</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2017</ins>}}<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></ref></ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>===Nightlife, bars and pubs===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>===Nightlife, bars and pubs===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2,007:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2,016:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div> }}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div> }}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>The city's [[Pride in Hull]] festival is one of the largest free-to-attend LGBT+ Pride events in the UK, attracting in excess of 50,000 attendees.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=http://prideinhull.co.uk/thank-you-for-making-2018-the-biggest-pride-in-hull-ever/|title=Thank you for making 2018 the biggest Pride in Hull ever! |date=23 July 2018|work=Pride in Hull|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> Headline performers have included [[Adore Delano]], [[Louise Redknapp]], [[Marc Almond]], [[Nadine Coyle]] of [[Girls Aloud]], [[Alaska Thunderfuck]] and [[B*Witched]].{{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">citation</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">needed</del>|date=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">January</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2022</del>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The city's [[Pride in Hull]] festival is one of the largest free-to-attend LGBT+ Pride events in the UK, attracting in excess of 50,000 attendees.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=http://prideinhull.co.uk/thank-you-for-making-2018-the-biggest-pride-in-hull-ever/|title=Thank you for making 2018 the biggest Pride in Hull ever! |date=23 July 2018|work=Pride in Hull|access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> Headline performers have included [[Adore Delano]],<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.hull.gov.uk/26/04/2019/drag-royalty-alaska-5000-to-headline-pride-in-hull/|title=Drag royalty Alaska 5000 to headline Pride in Hull|date=26 April 2019|work=Hull CC News|accessdate=13 November 2024}}</ref></ins> [[Louise Redknapp]],<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/star-studded-line-up-announced-9427450|title=Star-studded line-up announced for Pride in Hull 2024|last=Hall|first=Deborah|date=22 July 2024|work=Hull Live|accessdate=13 November 2024}}</ref></ins> [[Marc Almond]],<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/whats-on/legend-marc-almond-rocks-hull-229643|title=Legend Marc Almond rocks Hull Pride stage - even if he couldn't hear his own performance!|last=Jones|first=Craig|date=22 July 2017|work=Hull Live|accessdate=13 November 2024}}</ref></ins> [[Nadine Coyle]] of [[Girls Aloud]],<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife/pride-in-hull-line-up-1733111|title=Girls Aloud star will perform at Pride in Hull 2018 as complete line-up revealed|last=Robinson|first=Hannah|date=30 June 2018|work=Hull Live|accessdate=13 November 2024}}</ref></ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></ins> and [[B*Witched]].<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><ref></ins>{{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">cite</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">news|url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/whats-on/music-nightlife/hull-pride-2017-line-up-122978|title=Hull Pride 2017 line-up now includes Nineties favourites B*Witched|last=Robinson|first=Hannah</ins>|date=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">20 June 2017|work=Hull Live|accessdate=13 November</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2024</ins>}}<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></ref></ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The Hull Global Food Festival held its third annual event in the city's Queen Victoria Square for three days – 4–6 September 2009.<ref>{{cite web</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The Hull Global Food Festival held its third annual event in the city's Queen Victoria Square for three days – 4–6 September 2009.<ref>{{cite web</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2,403:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2,412:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| page= 414</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| page= 414</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| title-link= British Hit Singles & Albums</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| title-link= British Hit Singles & Albums</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</ref> later reforming in 2014 and performing at the Humber Street Sesh<ref>{{cite web</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>}}</ref> later reforming in 2014 and performing at the Humber Street Sesh<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins><ref>{{cite web</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| url = https://www.withguitars.com/paddingtons-reform-festival/</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| url = https://www.withguitars.com/paddingtons-reform-festival/</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| title = The Paddingtons reform for festival</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| title = The Paddingtons reform for festival</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2,410:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2,419:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| date = 21 June 2014</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| date = 21 June 2014</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>| work = With Guitars</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>| work = With Guitars</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>| accessdate = 14 October 2024}}</ref> with notable bands such as Sulu Babylon and [[Street Parade]].{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>| accessdate = 14 October 2024}}</ref> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></ins></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>In the 1990s, the duo [[Scarlet (British band)|Scarlet]] from Hull had two Top 40 hits with "[[Independent Love Song]]" and "I Wanna Be Free (To Be With Him)" in 1995.<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums 2">{{cite book</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>In the 1990s, the duo [[Scarlet (British band)|Scarlet]] from Hull had two Top 40 hits with "[[Independent Love Song]]" and "I Wanna Be Free (To Be With Him)" in 1995.<ref name="British Hit Singles & Albums 2">{{cite book</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3,672:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3,681:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Flickr|hullcitycouncil|Hull City Council}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* {{Flickr|hullcitycouncil|Hull City Council}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060203015238/http://prismdata.hullcc.gov.uk/ Hull City Council photo archive]—Wayback Machine version</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060203015238/http://prismdata.hullcc.gov.uk/ Hull City Council photo archive]—Wayback Machine version</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-24910316 "Hull's City of Culture bid film revealed to the public"] – [[BBC News]] article, 12 November 2013</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-24910316 "Hull's City of Culture bid film revealed to the public"] – <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>[[BBC News]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins> article, 12 November 2013</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140601063832/http://www.hullhistorycentre.org.uk/discover/hull_history_centre/about_us/historyofhull.aspx Hull History Centre – A Brief History of Hull]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140601063832/http://www.hullhistorycentre.org.uk/discover/hull_history_centre/about_us/historyofhull.aspx Hull History Centre – A Brief History of Hull]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"> </td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"> </td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 13:24, 13 November 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and unitary authority area in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kingston upon Hull</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Hull</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Cities_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities in the United Kingdom">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority area</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">City of Kingston upon Hull</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:267px;max-width:267px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Hall" title="Hull City Hall"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hull_City_Hall_Apr23.jpg/137px-Hull_City_Hall_Apr23.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hull_City_Hall_Apr23.jpg/206px-Hull_City_Hall_Apr23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Hull_City_Hall_Apr23.jpg/274px-Hull_City_Hall_Apr23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="2784" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_Monument" title="Wilberforce Monument"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/The_view_from_floor_seven_of_Hull_College_%28geograph_6354886%29.jpg/122px-The_view_from_floor_seven_of_Hull_College_%28geograph_6354886%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/The_view_from_floor_seven_of_Hull_College_%28geograph_6354886%29.jpg/183px-The_view_from_floor_seven_of_Hull_College_%28geograph_6354886%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/The_view_from_floor_seven_of_Hull_College_%28geograph_6354886%29.jpg/244px-The_view_from_floor_seven_of_Hull_College_%28geograph_6354886%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Hull_Marina" title="Hull Marina"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Hull_Marina%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_7197573%29.jpg/124px-Hull_Marina%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_7197573%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Hull_Marina%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_7197573%29.jpg/186px-Hull_Marina%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_7197573%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Hull_Marina%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_7197573%29.jpg/248px-Hull_Marina%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_7197573%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gardens,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Queen's Gardens, Kingston upon Hull"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Queens_Gardens%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810033.jpg/135px-Queens_Gardens%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810033.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Queens_Gardens%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810033.jpg/203px-Queens_Gardens%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810033.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Queens_Gardens%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810033.jpg/270px-Queens_Gardens%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_810033.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="441" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/The_Deep_(aquarium)" title="The Deep (aquarium)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Deep%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-The_Deep%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Deep%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24_%28cropped%29.jpg/206px-The_Deep%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/The_Deep%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24_%28cropped%29.jpg/274px-The_Deep%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3438" data-file-height="2293" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:91px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Hull_Minster" title="Hull Minster"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hull_Minster_south_view.jpg/122px-Hull_Minster_south_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hull_Minster_south_view.jpg/183px-Hull_Minster_south_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hull_Minster_south_view.jpg/244px-Hull_Minster_south_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The city's views and landmarks: <a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Hall" title="Hull City Hall">the City Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_Monument" title="Wilberforce Monument">Wilberforce Monument</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hull_Marina" title="Hull Marina">Hull Marina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gardens,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Queen's Gardens, Kingston upon Hull">Queen's Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Deep_(aquarium)" title="The Deep (aquarium)">The Deep (aquarium)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hull_Minster" title="Hull Minster">The Minster</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Kingston_upon_Hull.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kingston upon Hull"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kingston upon Hull" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kingston_upon_Hull.svg/81px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kingston_upon_Hull.svg.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kingston_upon_Hull.svg/122px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kingston_upon_Hull.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kingston_upon_Hull.svg/163px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kingston_upon_Hull.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="430" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingston_upon_Hull_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shown within the East Riding of Yorkshire"><img alt="Shown within the East Riding of Yorkshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kingston_upon_Hull_UK_locator_map.svg/250px-Kingston_upon_Hull_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kingston_upon_Hull_UK_locator_map.svg/375px-Kingston_upon_Hull_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Kingston_upon_Hull_UK_locator_map.svg/500px-Kingston_upon_Hull_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1107" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Shown within the <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:England_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kingston upon Hull is located in England"><img alt="Kingston upon Hull is located in England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-England_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-England_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-England_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2002" data-file-height="2431" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.089%;left:73.343%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Kingston upon Hull" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Kingston upon Hull</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within England</div>Show map of England</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kingston upon Hull is located in the United Kingdom"><img alt="Kingston upon Hull is located in the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="386" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-United_Kingdom_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="2083" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.463%;left:80.814%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Kingston upon Hull" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Kingston upon Hull</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United Kingdom</div>Show map of the United Kingdom</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kingston upon Hull is located in Europe"><img alt="Kingston upon Hull is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/250px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/375px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg/500px-Europe_relief_laea_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1580" data-file-height="1351" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.264%;left:22.409%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Kingston upon Hull" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kingston upon Hull</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Europe</div>Show map of Europe</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kingston_upon_Hull&params=53_44_40_N_00_19_57_W_region:GB-KHL_type:city(266,000)">53°44′40″N 00°19′57″W / 53.74444°N 0.33250°W / 53.74444; -0.33250</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">England</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">12th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City status</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1897</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Guildhall, Kingston upon Hull">Guildhall</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">Unitary authority</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Hull City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Executive_arrangements#Leader_and_cabinet" title="Executive arrangements">Leadership</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2000#Options_for_council_executive_forms" title="Local Government Act 2000">Leader and cabinet</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Political_make-up_of_local_councils_in_the_United_Kingdom#England:_unitary_authorities" title="Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom">Council control</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 2019 United Kingdom general election">Members of Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Hardy_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emma Hardy (politician)">Emma Hardy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>) <a href="/wiki/Diana_Johnson" title="Diana Johnson">Diana Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>) <a href="/wiki/Karl_Turner_(British_politician)" title="Karl Turner (British politician)">Karl Turner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">L</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">27.59 sq mi (71.5 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2022)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • City</div></th><td class="infobox-data">268,852 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">Ranked 63rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_English_districts_by_population" title="List of English districts by population">Ranked 63rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">9,410/sq mi (3,633/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">314,018</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">573,300 (<a href="/wiki/Larger_Urban_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger Urban Zone">LUZ</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Ethnicity (2011 Census)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>89.7% White British</li> <li>4.1% White Other</li> <li>2.3% East Asian</li> <li>1.3% Mixed</li> <li>1.1% South Asian</li> <li>1.2% Black</li> <li>0.3% White Irish</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hullensian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UK_postcodes" class="mw-redirect" title="UK postcodes">Postcode Area</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/HU_postcode_area" title="HU postcode area">HU</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of dialling codes in the United Kingdom">Dialling codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01482</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GB" title="ISO 3166-2:GB">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GB-KHL</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ONS_coding_system" title="ONS coding system">ONS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">00FA (ONS) E06000010 (GSS)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">NUTS</a> 3</th><td class="infobox-data">UKE11</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Police</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humberside_Police" title="Humberside Police">Humberside</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ambulance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Ambulance_Service" title="Yorkshire Ambulance Service">Yorkshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fire</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humberside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Humberside Fire and Rescue Service">Humberside</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hull.gov.uk">hull.gov.uk</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Kingston upon Hull, usually shortened to Hull, is a <a href="/wiki/Port_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Port city">port city</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority area</a> in the <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a>, England.<a href="#cite_note-enc_brit-3">[3]</a> It lies upon the <a href="/wiki/River_Hull" title="River Hull">River Hull</a> at its <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Humber" title="Humber">Humber</a> Estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and 37 miles (60 km) south-east of <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, the historic <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-enc_brit-3">[3]</a> With a population of 268,852 (2022), it is the fourth-largest city in the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a> region after <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a>. Hull has more than 800 years of seafaring history and is known as Yorkshire's maritime city.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The town of Wyke on Hull was founded late in the 12th century by the monks of <a href="/wiki/Meaux_Abbey" title="Meaux Abbey">Meaux Abbey</a> as a port from which to export their wool. Renamed Kings-town upon Hull in 1299, Hull had been a <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hedon_tc_history-5">[5]</a> military supply port,<a href="#cite_note-hcc_history_of_hull-6">[6]</a> trading centre,<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> fishing and whaling centre and industrial metropolis.<a href="#cite_note-hcc_history_of_hull-6">[6]</a> Hull was an early theatre of battle in the <a href="/wiki/First_English_Civil_War" title="First English Civil War">English Civil Wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a>, took a prominent part in the abolition of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_slavery" title="History of slavery">slave trade</a> in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-wilberforce2007-8">[8]</a> More than 95% of the city was damaged or destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Hull_Blitz" title="Hull Blitz">blitz</a> and suffered a period of post-industrial decline (social deprivation, education and policing).<a href="#cite_note-state_of_English_cities-9">[9]</a> The destroyed areas of the city were rebuilt in the post–Second World War period.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> In the early 21st century spending boom before the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932012_global_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2012 global recession">late 2000s recession</a> the city saw large amounts of new retail, commercial, housing and public service construction spending. The city offers a variety of museums, art galleries, stunning architecture, and a thriving arts scene.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Due to Hull's growing appeal as an outdoor film location, particularly for period dramas using the Old Town's historic streets and buildings, plans for a purpose-built film studio complex have been approved by Hull City Council. The £3m complex could open by the end of 2025.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The city has earned the nickname "Hullywood" in recent years, after productions including <a href="/wiki/The_Crown_(TV_series)" title="The Crown (TV series)">The Crown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enola_Holmes_2" title="Enola Holmes 2">Enola Holmes 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Personal_History_of_David_Copperfield" title="The Personal History of David Copperfield">The Personal History of David Copperfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(British_TV_series)" title="Victoria (British TV series)">Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blitz_(2024_film)" title="Blitz (2024 film)">Blitz</a> have been filmed in the city.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> A senior council official has said that interest from the film industry was almost non-stop at the moment.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In 2017, it was the <a href="/wiki/UK_City_of_Culture" title="UK City of Culture">UK City of Culture</a> and hosted the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Prize" title="Turner Prize">Turner Prize</a> at the city's <a href="/wiki/Ferens_Art_Gallery" title="Ferens Art Gallery">Ferens Art Gallery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Other notable landmarks in the city are <a href="/wiki/Hull_Minster" title="Hull Minster">the Minster</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Hull_tidal_surge_barrier" title="River Hull tidal surge barrier">the tidal surge barrier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hull_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hull railway station">the Paragon Interchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Deep_(aquarium)" title="The Deep (aquarium)">The Deep</a> Hull's award-winning aquarium. Areas of the town centre include the <a href="/wiki/Old_town" title="Old town">old town</a> (including its museum quarter) and the <a href="/wiki/Hull_Marina" title="Hull Marina">marina</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hull_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hull University">Hull University</a> was founded in 1927 and had over 16,000 students in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Rugby league football teams include clubs <a href="/wiki/Hull_F.C." title="Hull F.C.">Hull F.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers" title="Hull Kingston Rovers">Hull Kingston Rovers</a>. The city's association football club is <a href="/wiki/Hull_City_A.F.C." title="Hull City A.F.C.">Hull City</a> (<a href="/wiki/EFL_Championship" title="EFL Championship">EFL Championship</a>). <a href="/wiki/Hull_RUFC" title="Hull RUFC">Hull RUFC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hull_Ionians" title="Hull Ionians">Hull Ionians</a> both play in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_2_North" title="National League 2 North">National League 2 North</a> of rugby union. The city came 2nd in the <a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out</a> list of the 15 best places to visit in the UK in 2024, with the guide commenting that the city has got "The Deep, an enormous aquarium with 3,000 species, a picturesque old town which survived the city's relentless WWII bombings, and lots of up and coming indie art galleries like Ground and Artlink. Don't sleep on Hull".<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In 2016, it was named as one of the top 10 cities in the world to visit by <a href="/wiki/Rough_Guides" title="Rough Guides">Rough Guides</a> alongside cities such as Seoul, Vancouver, Amsterdam and Reykjavik.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In 2017, the city was featured in <a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times" title="The Sunday Times">The Sunday Times</a> Best Places to Live Guide and in 2024 was named as one of the UK's most "up and coming" places to move to.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Hull">Timeline of Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Fortifications of Kingston upon Hull">Fortifications of Kingston upon Hull</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Kingston-upon-Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Kingston-upon-Hull">List of Governors of Kingston-upon-Hull</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wyke_and_wool_trade">Wyke and wool trade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wyke and wool trade">edit</a>]</div> Kingston upon Hull stands on the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/Humber_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber Estuary">Humber Estuary</a> at the mouth of its tributary, the <a href="/wiki/River_Hull" title="River Hull">River Hull</a>. The valley of the River Hull has been inhabited since the early <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period but there is little evidence of a substantial settlement in the area of the present city.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The area was attractive to people because it gave access to a prosperous <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a> and navigable rivers but the site was poor, being remote, low-lying and with no fresh water. It was originally an outlying part of the hamlet of Myton, named Wyke. The name is thought to originate either from a Scandinavian word Vik meaning inlet or from the Saxon Wic meaning dwelling place or refuge.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fortifications_of_Hull_between_1321_and_1864,_illustration_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Fortifications_of_Hull_between_1321_and_1864%2C_illustration_1.jpg/220px-The_Fortifications_of_Hull_between_1321_and_1864%2C_illustration_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Fortifications_of_Hull_between_1321_and_1864%2C_illustration_1.jpg/330px-The_Fortifications_of_Hull_between_1321_and_1864%2C_illustration_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/The_Fortifications_of_Hull_between_1321_and_1864%2C_illustration_1.jpg/440px-The_Fortifications_of_Hull_between_1321_and_1864%2C_illustration_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1534" /></a><figcaption>The urban growth of Hull between the 13th and 14th centuries<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></figcaption></figure> The River Hull was a good haven for shipping, whose trade included the export of wool from <a href="/wiki/Meaux_Abbey" title="Meaux Abbey">Meaux Abbey</a>, which owned Myton. In 1293, the town of Wyke was acquired from the abbey by King Edward I, who, on 1 April 1299, granted it a <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> that renamed the settlement King's town upon Hull or Kingston upon Hull. The charter is preserved in the archives of the <a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Guildhall, Kingston upon Hull">Guildhall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> When first created, the borough straddled the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient parish">ancient parishes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hessle" title="Hessle">Hessle</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Ferriby" title="North Ferriby">North Ferriby</a>, but was remote from either parish church. A <a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_ease" title="Chapel of ease">chapel of ease</a> dedicated to Holy Trinity was built to serve the part of the borough in Hessle parish; that church subsequently became <a href="/wiki/Hull_Minster" title="Hull Minster">Hull Minster</a>. <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Hull" title="St Mary's Church, Hull">St Mary's Church</a> similarly began as a chapel of ease for the part of the borough in North Ferriby parish.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> In 1440, a further charter <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">incorporated</a> the town and instituted local government consisting of a mayor, a sheriff and twelve <a href="/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman">aldermen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> In his Guide to Hull (1817), J. C. Craggs provides a colourful background to Edward's acquisition and naming of the town. He writes that the King and a hunting party started a hare which "led them along the delightful banks of the River Hull to the hamlet of Wyke ... [Edward], charmed with the scene before him, viewed with delight the advantageous situation of this hitherto neglected and obscure corner. He foresaw it might become subservient both to render the kingdom more secure against foreign invasion, and at the same time greatly to enforce its commerce". Pursuant to these thoughts, Craggs continues, Edward purchased the land from the Abbot of Meaux, had a manor hall built for himself, issued proclamations encouraging development within the town, and bestowed upon it the royal appellation, King's Town.<a href="#cite_note-Craggs-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prospering_port">Prospering port</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prospering port">edit</a>]</div> The port served as a base for Edward I during the <a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Scottish_Independence" title="First War of Scottish Independence">First War of Scottish Independence</a> and later developed into the foremost port on the east coast of England. It prospered by exporting wool and woollen cloth, and importing wine and timber. Hull also established a flourishing commerce with the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a> ports of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL1-30">[30]</a> From its medieval beginnings, Hull's main trading links were with Scotland and northern Europe. Scandinavia, the Baltic and the Low Countries were all key trading areas for Hull's merchants. In addition, there was trade with France, Spain and Portugal.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/William_de_la_Pole_of_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="William de la Pole of Hull">William de la Pole</a> was the town's first mayor.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_river_hull_walkway-31">[31]</a> A prosperous merchant, de la Pole founded a family that became prominent in government.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> Another successful son of a Hull trading family was bishop <a href="/wiki/John_Alcock_(bishop)" title="John Alcock (bishop)">John Alcock</a>, who founded <a href="/wiki/Jesus_College,_Cambridge" title="Jesus College, Cambridge">Jesus College, Cambridge</a> and was a patron of the grammar school in Hull.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> The increase in trade after the discovery of the Americas and the town's maritime connections are thought to have played a part in the introduction of a virulent strain of <a href="/wiki/Syphilis" title="Syphilis">syphilis</a> through Hull and on into Europe from the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vikings-32">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull1866.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hull1866.jpg/300px-Hull1866.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hull1866.jpg/450px-Hull1866.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Hull1866.jpg/600px-Hull1866.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Hull in 1866</figcaption></figure> The town prospered during the 16th and early 17th centuries,<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> and Hull's affluence at this time is preserved in the form of several well-maintained buildings from the period, including <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_House" title="Wilberforce House">Wilberforce House</a>, now a museum documenting the life of <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, Hull became strategically important because of the large <a href="/wiki/Arsenal" title="Arsenal">arsenal</a> located there. Very early in the war, on 11 January 1642, the king named the <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish,_1st_Duke_of_Newcastle" title="William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle">Earl of Newcastle</a> governor of Hull while Parliament nominated Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Hotham,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet">John Hotham</a> and asked his son, Captain John Hotham, to secure the town at once.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> Sir John Hotham and Hull corporation declared support for <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliament</a> and denied <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> entry into the town.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> Charles I responded to these events by <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hull_(1642)" title="Siege of Hull (1642)">besieging the town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> This siege helped precipitate open conflict between the forces of Parliament and those of the <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_Street,_Kingston_upon_Hull,_Jun23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Parliament_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23.jpg/220px-Parliament_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Parliament_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23.jpg/330px-Parliament_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Parliament_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23.jpg/440px-Parliament_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Street,_Hull" title="Parliament Street, Hull">Parliament Street</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Georgian_architecture" title="Georgian architecture">Georgian</a> thoroughfare in the city centre, with <a href="/wiki/Whitefriargate" title="Whitefriargate">Whitefriargate</a> in the distance</figcaption></figure> After the Civil War, docks were built along the route of the <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Fortifications of Kingston upon Hull">town walls</a>, which were demolished. The first dock (1778, renamed <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Dock,_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Dock, Hull">Queen's Dock</a> in 1854) was built in the area occupied by Beverley and North gates, and the intermediate walls, which were demolished, a second dock (<a href="/wiki/Humber_Dock,_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber Dock, Hull">Humber Dock</a>, 1809) was built on the land between Hessle and Myton gates, and a third dock between the two was opened 1829 as <a href="/wiki/Junction_Dock,_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Junction Dock, Hull">Junction Dock</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Dock,_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince's Dock, Hull">Prince's Dock</a>).<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a> played a major role in the town's fortunes until the mid-19th century.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> As sail power gave way to steam, Hull's trading links extended throughout the world. Docks were opened to serve the frozen meat trade of Australia, New Zealand and South America. Hull was also the centre of a thriving inland and coastal trading network, serving the whole of the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_status">City status</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: City status">edit</a>]</div> Throughout the second half of the 19th century and leading up to the First World War, the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hull" title="Port of Hull">Port of Hull</a> played a major role in the emigration of Northern European settlers to the New World, with thousands of emigrants sailing to Hull and stopping for administrative purposes before travelling on to Liverpool and then North America.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Parallel to this growth in passenger shipping was the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Wilson_Line_of_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilson Line of Hull">Wilson Line of Hull</a> (which had been founded in 1825 by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_(shipping_magnate)" title="Thomas Wilson (shipping magnate)">Thomas Wilson</a>). By the early 20th century, the company had grown – largely through its monopolisation of North Sea passenger routes and later mergers and acquisitions – to be the largest privately owned shipping company in the world, with over 100 ships sailing to different parts of the globe. The Wilson Line was sold to the <a href="/wiki/Ellerman_Lines" title="Ellerman Lines">Ellerman Lines</a> – which itself was owned by Hull-born magnate (and the richest man in Britain at the time) Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Ellerman,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Ellerman, 1st Baronet">John Ellerman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Hull's prosperity peaked in the decades just before the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>; it was during this time, in 1897, that <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> was granted.<a href="#cite_note-hcc_history_of_hull-6">[6]</a> Many of the suburban areas on the western side of Hull were built in the 1930s, particularly Willerby Road and Anlaby Park, as well as most of <a href="/wiki/Willerby,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Willerby, East Riding of Yorkshire">Willerby</a> itself. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bombed_and_battered">Bombed and battered</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bombed and battered">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hull_Blitz" title="Hull Blitz">Hull Blitz</a></div> The city's port and industrial facilities, coupled with its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Mainland_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainland Europe">mainland Europe</a> and ease of location being on a major estuary, led to extremely widespread damage by bombing raids during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>; much of the city centre was destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> Hull had 95% of its houses damaged or destroyed, making it the most severely bombed British city or town in terms of number of damaged or destroyed buildings, apart from London, during the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> More than 1,200 people died in air raids on the city and some 3,000 others were injured.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The worst of the bombing occurred in 1941. Little was known about this destruction by the rest of the country at the time, since most of the radio and newspaper reports did not reveal Hull by name but referred to it as "a North-East town" or "a northern coastal town".<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Most of the city centre was rebuilt in the years following the war. As recently as 2006 researchers found documents in the local archives that suggested a non-exploded wartime bomb might be buried beneath a major new redevelopment, the Boom, in Hull.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> After the decline of the whaling industry post the Second World War, emphasis shifted to deep-sea <a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">trawling</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Cod_Wars" title="Cod Wars">Anglo-Icelandic Cod War</a> of 1975–1976. The conditions set at the end of this dispute started Hull's economic decline.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_of_Culture">City of Culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: City of Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/UK_City_of_Culture" title="UK City of Culture">UK City of Culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull_City_Hall_illuminated_at_the_opening_event_for_Hull_City_of_Culture_2017_event_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hull_City_Hall_illuminated_at_the_opening_event_for_Hull_City_of_Culture_2017_event_4.jpg/220px-Hull_City_Hall_illuminated_at_the_opening_event_for_Hull_City_of_Culture_2017_event_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hull_City_Hall_illuminated_at_the_opening_event_for_Hull_City_of_Culture_2017_event_4.jpg/330px-Hull_City_Hall_illuminated_at_the_opening_event_for_Hull_City_of_Culture_2017_event_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Hull_City_Hall_illuminated_at_the_opening_event_for_Hull_City_of_Culture_2017_event_4.jpg/440px-Hull_City_Hall_illuminated_at_the_opening_event_for_Hull_City_of_Culture_2017_event_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Hull City Hall during the opening event for Hull City of Culture 2017 event</figcaption></figure> In 2017 Hull was awarded the title of 'City of Culture'<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Within the city there was a series of festivals in public spaces to promote the city and its newly given title. At the start of the year there was a huge firework display attracting a crowd of 25,000.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Governance">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hull_and_East_Yorkshire_Combined_Authority" title="Hull and East Yorkshire Combined Authority">Hull and East Yorkshire Combined Authority</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal">Municipal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Municipal">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Hull City Council</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">County </th> <th colspan="4">Borough/ district </th> <th rowspan="2">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Type</th> <th>Dependent on county</th> <th>From</th> <th>Until </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> </td> <td>Ancient </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">Borough</a> </td> <td><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y </td> <td>1299</td> <td>1440 </td> <td rowspan="3">Town status from 1299 </td></tr> <tr> <td>County-at-large </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_Corporate" class="mw-redirect" title="County Corporate">County Corporate</a> </td> <td><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N </td> <td>1440</td> <td>1835 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">Historic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_incorporated_in_England_and_Wales_1835%E2%80%931882" title="Boroughs incorporated in England and Wales 1835–1882">Municipal borough</a> </td> <td><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y </td> <td>1835</td> <td>1889 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a> </td> <td>Geographic </td> <td><a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">County borough</a> </td> <td><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N </td> <td>1889</td> <td>1974 </td> <td rowspan="3">City status from 1897 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Humberside" title="Humberside">Humberside</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-metropolitan counties of England">Non-metropolitan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shire_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire district">Shire district</a> </td> <td><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/20px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/30px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/40px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" />Y </td> <td>1974</td> <td>1996 </td></tr> <tr> <td>East Riding of Yorkshire </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authority</a> </td> <td><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/20px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/30px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/40px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" />N </td> <td>1996</td> <td>Current </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guildhall_Lowgate,_Kingston_upon_Hull,_Jun23_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Guildhall_Lowgate%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Guildhall_Lowgate%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Guildhall_Lowgate%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Guildhall_Lowgate%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Guildhall_Lowgate%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Guildhall_Lowgate%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Jun23_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2831" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Guildhall, Kingston upon Hull">Guildhall</a></figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a>, Hull became a <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a>, a local government district independent of the East Riding of Yorkshire. This district was dissolved under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, on 1 April 1974 when it became a <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">non-metropolitan district</a> of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Shire_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire county">shire county</a> of Humberside. Humberside (and its <a href="/wiki/County_council" title="County council">county council</a>) was abolished on 1 April 1996 and Hull was made a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-VCHULL-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The single-tier local authority of the city is now <a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Hull City Council</a> (officially Kingston upon Hull City Council), headquartered in the <a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Guildhall, Kingston upon Hull">Guildhall</a> in the city centre.<a href="#cite_note-hcchq-45">[45]</a> The council was designated as the UK's worst performing authority in both 2004 and 2005, but in 2006 was rated as a two star 'improving adequate' council and in 2007 it retained its two stars with an 'improving well' status.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In the 2008 corporate performance assessment the city retained its "improving well" status but was upgraded to a three star rating.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> won overall control of the City Council in the <a href="/wiki/2007_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2007 Hull City Council election">2007 local elections</a>, ending several years in which no single party had a majority.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> They retained control in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2008 Hull City Council election">2008 local elections</a> by an increased majority<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/2010_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2010 Hull City Council election">2010 local elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Following the UK's <a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_local_elections" title="2011 United Kingdom local elections">local elections of 2011</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> gained control of the council,<a href="#cite_note-BBC2011-54">[54]</a> increasing their majority in the <a href="/wiki/2012_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2012 Hull City Council election">2012</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> and retained this following the <a href="/wiki/2014_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2014 Hull City Council election">2014 local elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HCC2014-56">[56]</a> They increased their majority by one in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2015 Hull City Council election">2015 local elections</a>,<a href="#cite_note-HCC2015-57">[57]</a> but lost it in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2016 Hull City Council election">2016 local elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2018_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2018 Hull City Council election">2018 local elections</a> all of the council was up for election following boundary changes that reduced the number of seats by 2.<a href="#cite_note-Review-59">[59]</a> Labour retained control of the council but with a much reduced majority, while in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2019 Hull City Council election">2019 local elections</a> there was no change to the make-up of the council.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2021 Hull City Council election">2021 local elections</a> the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> gained a couple of seats but Labour retained control by just three seats.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> On 3 March 2022, Labour councillor Julia Conner defected to the Liberal Democrats, reducing the Labour majority to one.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> won overall control of the City Council in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2022 Hull City Council election">2022 local elections</a> to end ten years of Labour rule,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> increasing their majority in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Hull_City_Council_election" title="2023 Hull City Council election">2023 local elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Parliament">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull_from_Paull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hull_from_Paull.jpg/700px-Hull_from_Paull.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hull_from_Paull.jpg/1050px-Hull_from_Paull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Hull_from_Paull.jpg/1400px-Hull_from_Paull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2070" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of Hull from further along the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/Humber" title="Humber">Humber</a> near <a href="/wiki/Paull" title="Paull">Paull</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Wolds" title="Yorkshire Wolds">Yorkshire Wolds</a> rising behind the city</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingston_upon_Hull_general_election_results,_1918%E2%80%932019.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kingston_upon_Hull_general_election_results%2C_1918%E2%80%932019.gif/258px-Kingston_upon_Hull_general_election_results%2C_1918%E2%80%932019.gif" decoding="async" width="258" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kingston_upon_Hull_general_election_results%2C_1918%E2%80%932019.gif/387px-Kingston_upon_Hull_general_election_results%2C_1918%E2%80%932019.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kingston_upon_Hull_general_election_results%2C_1918%E2%80%932019.gif/516px-Kingston_upon_Hull_general_election_results%2C_1918%E2%80%932019.gif 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption>Hull constituencies' general election results, 1918–2019.</figcaption></figure> The city returned three members of parliament to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> and at the last general election, in <a href="/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019</a>, elected three Labour MPs: <a href="/wiki/Emma_Hardy_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emma Hardy (politician)">Emma Hardy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diana_Johnson" title="Diana Johnson">Diana Johnson</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Turner_(British_politician)" title="Karl Turner (British politician)">Karl Turner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a> is the most celebrated of Hull's former MPs. He was a native of the city and the member for <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Kingston upon Hull (UK Parliament constituency)">Hull</a> from 1780 to 1784 when he was elected as an Independent member for <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency)">Yorkshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WW-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="List of areas in Kingston upon Hull">List of areas in Kingston upon Hull</a></div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th>Place </th> <th>Distance </th> <th>Direction </th> <th>Relation </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> </td> <td>155 miles (249 km)<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> </td> <td>South </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a> </td> <td>37 miles (60 km)<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> </td> <td>South </td> <td>Nearby city </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Doncaster" title="Doncaster">Doncaster</a> </td> <td>36 miles (58 km)<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> </td> <td>South-west </td> <td>Nearby city </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> </td> <td>34 miles (55 km)<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </td> <td>North-west </td> <td>Historic <a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">county town</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beverley" title="Beverley">Beverley</a> </td> <td>8 miles (13 km)<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td> <td>North </td> <td>County town </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brough,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Brough, East Riding of Yorkshire">Brough</a> </td> <td>12 miles (19 km) </td> <td>West </td> <td>Town </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mouth_of_the_River_Hull,_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mouth_of_the_River_Hull%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24.jpg/220px-Mouth_of_the_River_Hull%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mouth_of_the_River_Hull%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24.jpg/330px-Mouth_of_the_River_Hull%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Mouth_of_the_River_Hull%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24.jpg/440px-Mouth_of_the_River_Hull%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_May24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/River_Hull" title="River Hull">River Hull</a> <a href="/wiki/River_Hull_tidal_surge_barrier" title="River Hull tidal surge barrier">tidal barrier</a> and the Millennium Bridge</figcaption></figure> Kingston upon Hull is on the northern bank of the <a href="/wiki/Humber_Estuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber Estuary">Humber Estuary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-enc_brit-3">[3]</a> The city centre is west of the River Hull and close to the Humber.<a href="#cite_note-enc_brit-3">[3]</a> The city is built upon <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvial</a> and glacial deposits which overlie chalk rocks but the underlying chalk has no influence on the topography. The land within the city is generally very flat and is only 2 to 4 metres (6.5 to 13 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>. Because of the relative flatness of the site there are few physical constraints upon building and many open areas are the subject of pressures to build.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The parishes of <a href="/wiki/Drypool" title="Drypool">Drypool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marfleet" title="Marfleet">Marfleet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sculcoates" title="Sculcoates">Sculcoates</a>, and most of Sutton parish, were absorbed within the borough of Hull in the 19th and 20th centuries. Much of their area has been built over, and socially and economically they have long been inseparable from the city. Only Sutton retained a recognisable village centre in the late 20th century, but on the south and east the advancing suburbs had already reached it. The four villages were, nevertheless, distinct communities, of a largely rural character, until their absorption in the borough—Drypool and Sculcoates in 1837, Marfleet in 1882, and Sutton in 1929.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The current boundaries of the city are tightly drawn and exclude many of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>'s nearby villages, of which <a href="/wiki/Cottingham,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire">Cottingham</a> is the largest.<a href="#cite_note-bandb-77">[77]</a> The city is surrounded by the rural East Riding of Yorkshire. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hull_map.jpg/220px-Hull_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hull_map.jpg/330px-Hull_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hull_map.jpg/440px-Hull_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>The expansion of Kingston upon Hull</figcaption></figure> Some areas of Hull lie on reclaimed land at or below sea level. The Hull Tidal Surge Barrier is at the point where the River Hull joins the Humber Estuary and is lowered at times when unusually high tides are expected. It is used between 8 and 12 times per year and protects the homes of approximately 10,000 people from flooding.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Due to its low level, Hull is expected to be at increasing levels of risk from flooding due to global warming.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Historically, Hull has been affected by tidal and storm flooding from the Humber;<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> the last serious floods were in the 1950s, in 1953, 1954 and the winter of 1959.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Many areas of Hull were flooded during the <a href="/wiki/June_2007_United_Kingdom_floods" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2007 United Kingdom floods">June 2007 United Kingdom floods</a>,<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> with 8,600 homes and 1,300 businesses affected.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Further flooding occurred in 2013, resulting in a new flood defence scheme to protect homes and businesses, stretching 4 miles (6.4 km) from <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Quay_retail_park" class="mw-redirect" title="St Andrews Quay retail park">St Andrews Quay Retail Park</a> to <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Dock,_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Dock, Hull">Victoria Dock</a>, linking to other defences at <a href="/wiki/Paull" title="Paull">Paull</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hessle" title="Hessle">Hessle</a>. Started in 2016, it was completed in early 2021.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The scheme was officially opened on 3 March 2022, by <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Pow" title="Rebecca Pow">Rebecca Pow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> At around 00:56 GMT on 27 February 2008, Hull was 30 miles (48 km) north of the <a href="/wiki/Epicentre" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicentre">epicentre</a> of an <a href="/wiki/2008_Lincolnshire_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Lincolnshire earthquake">earthquake</a> measuring 5.3 on the <a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">Richter Scale</a> which lasted for nearly 10 seconds. This was an unusually large earthquake for this part of the world.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Another notable quake occurred early in the morning of 10 June 2018.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Located in <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a>, Hull has a temperate maritime climate which is dominated by the passage of mid-latitude depressions. The weather is very changeable from day to day and the warming influence of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a> makes the region mild for its latitude. Locally, the area is sunnier than most areas this far north in the British Isles, and also considerably drier, due to the rain shadowing effect of the Pennines. It is somewhat warmer than west coast areas at a similar latitude such as <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> in summer due to stronger shielding from maritime air but also colder in winter and North Sea breezes keep the city cooler than inland areas during summer. It is also one of the most northerly areas where the July average maximum temperature exceeds 21.5 °C (70.7 °F), although this appears to be very localised around the city. Flooding in June 2007 caused significant damage to areas of the city. Droughts and heatwaves also occur such as in 2003, 2006 and recently in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The absolute maximum temperature recorded is 36.9 °C (98.4 °F),<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> set in July 2022. Typically, the warmest day should reach 28.8 °C (83.8 °F),<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> though slightly over 10 days<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> should achieve a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or more in an "average" year. All averages refer to the 1991–2020 period.<a href="#cite_note-MO-93">[93]</a> The absolute minimum temperature is −11.1 °C (12.0 °F),<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> recorded during January 1982. Winters are generally mild for the latitude with snow only occurring a couple of times a year on average and mostly only staying for a day or two before melting. It is frequently cloudy and the North Sea winds make it feel colder than it actually is. An average of 32.5 nights should report an air frost. Heavy snowfalls do occasionally occur such as in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> On 23 November 1981, during the record-breaking <a href="/wiki/1981_United_Kingdom_tornado_outbreak" title="1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak">nationwide tornado outbreak</a>, Hull was struck by two tornadoes which passed through, and caused damage to residential buildings across the north-eastern suburbs of Hull and uprooted trees.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kingston upon Hull: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Average maximum and minimum temperatures, and average rainfall recorded between 1991 and 2020 by the <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a>. </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 (51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6 (56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 (51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 (46.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 (35.8) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 (36.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 (38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 (41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 (45.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5 (54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (40.3) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 (36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.85 (44.33) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.3 (2.14) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.6 (1.87) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.3 (1.70) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.5 (1.87) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3 (1.90) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.7 (2.74) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3 (2.41) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.6 (2.54) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3 (2.41) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.4 (2.61) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.2 (2.69) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.4 (2.38) </td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">693.4 (27.30) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #8686FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">124.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #656565; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.4 </td> <td style="background: #9E9E9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.0 </td> <td style="background: #B5B566; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.6 </td> <td style="background: #CACA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.1 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">200.1 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.3 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.0 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">183.2 </td> <td style="background: #C5C507; color:#000000;" class="notheme">147.3 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.2 </td> <td style="background: #7C7C7C; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.7 </td> <td style="background: #656565; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.3 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB3E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,558.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Met Office<a href="#cite_note-MO-93">[93]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hull_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Hull_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hull_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Hull_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hull_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Hull_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2743" data-file-height="2163" /></a><figcaption>Population pyramid of Kingston upon Hull (unitary authority) in 2021</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:90%; border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="02" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Population_growth" title="Population growth">Population growth</a> in Kingston upon Hull since 1801 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;">Year </th> <th style="background:#9cc; color:black; height:17px;">Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1801 </td> <td>21,280 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1811 </td> <td>28,040 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1821 </td> <td>33,393 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1831 </td> <td>40,902 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1841 </td> <td>57,342 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1851 </td> <td>57,484 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1861 </td> <td>93,955 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1871 </td> <td>130,426 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1881 </td> <td>166,896 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1891 </td> <td>199,134 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1901 </td> <td>236,722 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911 </td> <td>281,525 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921 </td> <td>295,017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931 </td> <td>309,158 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941 </td> <td>302,074<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><a href="#endnote_1939a">[a]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td>295,172 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td>289,716 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td>284,365 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td>266,751 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>254,117<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>243,595<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_2001c">[c]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#endnote_2001d">[d]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>256,406 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>267,014 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="21" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;">Source: Vision of Britain Through Time, Hull Daily Mail and ONS<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the <a href="/wiki/2001_UK_census" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 UK census">2001 UK census</a>, Hull had a population of 243,589 living in 104,288 households. The population density was 34.1 per hectare.<a href="#cite_note-2001_census-102">[102]</a> Of the total number of homes 47.85% were rented compared with a national figure of 31.38% rented.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The population had declined by 7.5% since the 1991 UK census,<a href="#cite_note-2001_census-102">[102]</a> and has been officially estimated as 256,200 in July 2006.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In 2001, approximately 53,000 people were aged under 16, 174,000 were aged 16–74, and 17,000 aged 75 and over.<a href="#cite_note-2001_census-102">[102]</a> Of the total population 97.7% were white and the largest minority ethnic group was of 749 people who considered themselves to be ethnically Chinese. There were 3% of people living in Hull who were born outside the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-2001_census-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In 2006, the largest minority ethnic grouping was <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurds" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Kurds">Iraqi Kurds</a> who were estimated at 3,000. Most of these people were placed in the city by the Home Office while their applications for asylum were being processed.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> In 2001, the city was 71.7% Christian. A further 18% of the population indicated they were of no religion while 8.4% did not specify any religious affiliation.<a href="#cite_note-2001_census-102">[102]</a> Historically, minorities of many faiths and nationalities have lived around the docks, Old Town and City Centre, coming in from European ports like Hamburg, aided by continental railways and steam-ships from the mid-1800s.<a href="#cite_note-:0-107">[107]</a> Over 2 million passed through Hull between 1850 and 1914, on the way to a new life in America and elsewhere, but some planned or decided to stay. Dutch, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Hull">Jews</a>, Germans, Scandinavians and others were sometimes prominently involved in the life of the port city. They found opportunity but endured discrimination at times, such that these communities have now largely dispersed.<a href="#cite_note-:0-107">[107]</a> Also in 2001, the city had a high proportion, at 6.2%, of people of working age who were unemployed, ranking 354th out of 376 local and unitary authorities within <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2001_census-102">[102]</a> The distance travelled to work was less than 3 miles (4.8 km) for 64,578 out of 95,957 employed people. A further 18,031 travelled between 3.1 and 6.2 miles (5 and 10 km) to their place of employment. The number of people using public transport to get to work was 12,915 while the number travelling by car was 53,443.<a href="#cite_note-2001_census-102">[102]</a> Men in the University ward had the fourth lowest life expectancy at birth, 69.4 years, of any ward in England and Wales in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Ethnic Group </th> <th colspan="8">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1991<a href="#cite_note-:412-109">[109]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2001<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<a href="#cite_note-:36-111">[111]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a>: Total </th> <th>250,934 </th> <th>98.7% </th> <th>237,939 </th> <th>97.7% </th> <th>241,321 </th> <th>94.1% </th> <th>244,989 </th> <th>91.8% </th></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">British</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>234,716 </td> <td>96.4% </td> <td>229,920 </td> <td>89.7% </td> <td>223,962 </td> <td>83.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_Irish" title="White Irish">Irish</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>761 </td> <td> </td> <td>550 </td> <td> </td> <td>455 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_Gypsy_or_Irish_Traveller" class="mw-redirect" title="White Gypsy or Irish Traveller">Gypsy or Irish Traveller</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>284 </td> <td> </td> <td>451 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: Roma </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>286 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/Other_White" title="Other White">Other</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,462 </td> <td> </td> <td>10,567 </td> <td> </td> <td>19,835 </td> <td>7.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian or Asian British</a>: Total </th> <th>1,644 </th> <th>0.6% </th> <th>2,656 </th> <th>1.1% </th> <th>6,471 </th> <th>2.5% </th> <th>7,515 </th> <th>2.9% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">Indian</a> </td> <td>318 </td> <td> </td> <td>613 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,086 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,259 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistani</a> </td> <td>237 </td> <td> </td> <td>509 </td> <td> </td> <td>882 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,292 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshis" title="British Bangladeshis">Bangladeshi</a> </td> <td>235 </td> <td> </td> <td>387 </td> <td> </td> <td>755 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,279 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a> </td> <td>537 </td> <td> </td> <td>749 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,124 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,234 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: Other Asian </td> <td>317 </td> <td> </td> <td>398 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,624 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,451 </td> <td>0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black or Black British</a>: Total </th> <th>862 </th> <th>0.3% </th> <th>872 </th> <th>0.4% </th> <th>2,996 </th> <th>1.2% </th> <th>5,065 </th> <th>1.9% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">African</a> </td> <td>356 </td> <td> </td> <td>640 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,472 </td> <td> </td> <td>4,292 </td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a> </td> <td>137 </td> <td> </td> <td>155 </td> <td> </td> <td>236 </td> <td> </td> <td>232 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">Other Black</a> </td> <td>369 </td> <td> </td> <td>77 </td> <td> </td> <td>288 </td> <td> </td> <td>541 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed or British Mixed</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>1,619 </th> <th>0.7% </th> <th>3,454 </th> <th>1.3% </th> <th>4,513 </th> <th>1.7% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Black Caribbean </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>340 </td> <td> </td> <td>871 </td> <td> </td> <td>948 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Black African </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>338 </td> <td> </td> <td>821 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,144 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Asian </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>453 </td> <td> </td> <td>945 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,172 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: Other Mixed </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>488 </td> <td> </td> <td>817 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,249 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other: Total </th> <th>677 </th> <th>0.3% </th> <th>503 </th> <th>0.2% </th> <th>2,164 </th> <th>0.8% </th> <th>4,931 </th> <th>1.8% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Other: Arab </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,134 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,443 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other: Any other ethnic group </td> <td>677 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>503 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>1,030 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,488 </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>254,117 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>243,589 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>256,406 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>267,013 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Industry">Industry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Industry">edit</a>]</div> The traditional industries of Hull are seafaring (whaling and later seafishing) and later <a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">heavy industry</a> which both have since declined in the city. Companies <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reckitt_Benckiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Reckitt Benckiser">Reckitt Benckiser</a>, have facilities in Hull.<a href="#cite_note-industry-113">[113]</a> The city is part of the <a href="/wiki/Humber_Enterprise_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber Enterprise Zone">Humber Enterprise Zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thisishullandeastriding1-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port">Port</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Port">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morley_Street,_Kingston_upon_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3537754.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Morley_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3537754.jpg/220px-Morley_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3537754.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Morley_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3537754.jpg/330px-Morley_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3537754.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Morley_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3537754.jpg/440px-Morley_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3537754.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3236" data-file-height="2410" /></a><figcaption>The Isis Oil Mill Complex, now owned by <a href="/wiki/Cargill" title="Cargill">Cargill</a></figcaption></figure> Although the fishing industry, including <a href="/wiki/Oilseed" class="mw-redirect" title="Oilseed">oilseed</a> production, declined in the 1970s due to the <a href="/wiki/Cod_Wars" title="Cod Wars">Cod Wars</a>, the city remains a busy port, handling 13 million tonnes of cargo per year.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The port operations run by <a href="/wiki/Associated_British_Ports_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Associated British Ports Holdings">Associated British Ports</a> and other companies in the port employ 5,000 people. A further 18,000 are employed as a direct result of the port's activities.<a href="#cite_note-logistics-117">[117]</a> The port freight railway line, the <a href="/wiki/Hull_Docks_Branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Hull Docks Branch">Hull Docks Branch</a>, operates 22 trains per day.<a href="#cite_note-railwayherald-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-networkrail-119">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Energy">edit</a>]</div> In January 2011 <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Wind_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Siemens Wind Power">Siemens Wind Power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Associated_British_Ports" title="Associated British Ports">Associated British Ports</a> signed a memorandum of understanding concerning the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine_design" title="Wind turbine design">wind turbine blade</a> manufacturing plant at Alexander Dock. The plan would require some modification of the dock to allow the ships, used for transporting the wind turbine blades, to dock and be loaded.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Planning applications for the plant were submitted in December 2011,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> and affirmed in 2014, concerning 75-metre (246 ft) <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine_design#Blades" title="Wind turbine design">blades</a> for the 6 MW <a href="/wiki/Offshore_wind_power" title="Offshore wind power">offshore</a> model.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> A 12.5-acre (5.1 ha) site <a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">waste-to-energy</a> centre costing in the region of £150 million is also planned to be built by the Spencer Group. Announced in mid-2011, and named 'Energy Works',<a href="#cite_note-energyworks-124">[124]</a> the proposed plant would process up to 200,000 tonnes of organic material per year, with energy produced via a waste gasification process.<a href="#cite_note-energyworks-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Commissioning of the plant was undertaken in 2019 with full operation expected to be late 2019.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull_Marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2102705.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hull_Marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2102705.jpg/220px-Hull_Marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2102705.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hull_Marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2102705.jpg/330px-Hull_Marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2102705.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hull_Marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2102705.jpg/440px-Hull_Marina_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2102705.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hull_Marina" title="Hull Marina">Hull Marina</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Hull_Marina" title="Hull Marina">Hull Marina</a> was developed on land formerly occupied by the railway docks in the centre of the city. It was repurposed and opened in 1983, it has 270 berths for yachts and small sailing craft.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-DN-128">[128]</a> In July 2014, the former Fruit Market was demolished with a technology hub <a href="/wiki/C4DI_(Centre_for_Digital_Innovation)" class="mw-redirect" title="C4DI (Centre for Digital Innovation)">C4DI (Centre for Digital Innovation)</a> built in December 2015.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The city has chemical and health care sectors, <a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Nephew" title="Smith & Nephew">Smith & Nephew</a>'s founder <a href="/wiki/Thomas_James_Smith" title="Thomas James Smith">Thomas James Smith</a> being from the city. The health care sector has research facilities provided by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">University of Hull</a> through the Institute of Woundcare and the <a href="/wiki/Hull_York_Medical_School" title="Hull York Medical School">Hull York Medical School</a> partnerships.<a href="#cite_note-health-131">[131]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_of_Hull_Ferry_Terminal_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1973133.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Port_of_Hull_Ferry_Terminal_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1973133.jpg/220px-Port_of_Hull_Ferry_Terminal_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1973133.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Port_of_Hull_Ferry_Terminal_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1973133.jpg/330px-Port_of_Hull_Ferry_Terminal_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1973133.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Port_of_Hull_Ferry_Terminal_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1973133.jpg/440px-Port_of_Hull_Ferry_Terminal_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1973133.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Port of Hull Ferry Terminal</figcaption></figure> Ferry services started after the decline in fishing by the introduction of <a href="/wiki/RO-RO" class="mw-redirect" title="RO-RO">Roll-on Roll-off ferry</a> services to the continent of Europe. These ferries handle over a million passengers each year.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commerce">Commerce</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Commerce">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade">Trade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Trade">edit</a>]</div> Merchant's houses such as <a href="/wiki/Blaydes_House" title="Blaydes House">Blaydes House</a> and some warehouses survive in the Old Town, where trade was centred on the River Hull, later shifting to the Humber docks. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull_Marina_am_IMG_5489-2_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hull_Marina_am_IMG_5489-2_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Hull_Marina_am_IMG_5489-2_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hull_Marina_am_IMG_5489-2_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Hull_Marina_am_IMG_5489-2_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Hull_Marina_am_IMG_5489-2_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Hull_Marina_am_IMG_5489-2_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>One Humber Quays</figcaption></figure> Humber Quays incorporates the World Trade Centre Hull & Humber and offices for The Spencer Group, RBS, and Jonathan Oliver Lee. The quays was a late 2000s development costing £165 million<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> with office buildings, housing, a 200-bedroom hotel and a restaurant.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retail">Retail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Retail">edit</a>]</div> In March 2017, the Old Town area was designated as one of 10 Heritage Action Zones by <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a> with the benefit that the area would get a share of £6 million.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Retailers such as <a href="/wiki/Heron_Foods" title="Heron Foods">Heron Foods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jacksons_Stores" title="Jacksons Stores">Jacksons</a> began their operations in Hull.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The former electrical retailer <a href="/wiki/Comet_Group" title="Comet Group">Comet Group</a> was founded in the city as Comet Battery Stores Limited in 1933; the company's first superstore was opened in Hull in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Edward_Street,_Kingston_upon_Hull,_Apr23_L.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/King_Edward_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Apr23_L.jpg/220px-King_Edward_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Apr23_L.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/King_Edward_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Apr23_L.jpg/330px-King_Edward_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Apr23_L.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/King_Edward_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Apr23_L.jpg/440px-King_Edward_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull%2C_Apr23_L.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption>King Edward Street</figcaption></figure> Hull has many shopping streets, both inside and outside the city centre. The main non-city-centre shopping streets are Hessle Road, Holderness Road, Chanterlands Avenue, <a href="/wiki/Beverley_Road" title="Beverley Road">Beverley Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princes_Avenue,_Kingston_upon_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes Avenue, Kingston upon Hull">Princes Avenue</a>, and Newland Avenue.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Market_Hall,_North_Church_Side_(geograph_6320091).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Market_Hall%2C_North_Church_Side_%28geograph_6320091%29.jpg/220px-Market_Hall%2C_North_Church_Side_%28geograph_6320091%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Market_Hall%2C_North_Church_Side_%28geograph_6320091%29.jpg/330px-Market_Hall%2C_North_Church_Side_%28geograph_6320091%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Market_Hall%2C_North_Church_Side_%28geograph_6320091%29.jpg/440px-Market_Hall%2C_North_Church_Side_%28geograph_6320091%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Trinity Market Hall</figcaption></figure> Additionally, two covered shopping arcades, Paragon and Hepworth. The latter was modernised and renovated in the late 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The city also has the Trinity Market Hall, a grade II <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a> Edwardian era indoor hall with 50 stalls, it was last renovated in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> The city centre has three shopping centres, <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Hull" title="St Stephen's Hull">St Stephen's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princes_Quay" title="Princes Quay">Princes Quay</a>, and the Prospect Centre. The Prospect Centre on Prospect Street is the smaller and older shopping centre which benefits from large footfall; having chain stores, banks, fashion retailers and the city's main post office.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince%27s_Quay,_Hull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Prince%27s_Quay%2C_Hull.jpg/220px-Prince%27s_Quay%2C_Hull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Prince%27s_Quay%2C_Hull.jpg/330px-Prince%27s_Quay%2C_Hull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Prince%27s_Quay%2C_Hull.jpg/440px-Prince%27s_Quay%2C_Hull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7129" data-file-height="3382" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Princes_Quay" title="Princes Quay">Prince's Quay</a> Shopping Centre built over Prince's Dock</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Princes_Quay" title="Princes Quay">Princes Quay</a> Shopping Centre was built in 1991 on stilts over the closed <a href="/wiki/Prince%27s_Dock" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince's Dock">Prince's Dock</a>. It has a mixture chain stores and food outlets. It was built with four retail floors, known as "decks", with the uppermost deck converted to a cinema from December 2007.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Stephens_Shopping_Centre,_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3713356.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/St_Stephens_Shopping_Centre%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3713356.jpg/220px-St_Stephens_Shopping_Centre%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3713356.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/St_Stephens_Shopping_Centre%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3713356.jpg/330px-St_Stephens_Shopping_Centre%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3713356.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/St_Stephens_Shopping_Centre%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3713356.jpg/440px-St_Stephens_Shopping_Centre%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3713356.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>St Stephens Shopping Centre, Hull</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Hull" title="St Stephen's Hull">St Stephen's</a> shopping centre development on Ferensway adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Hull_Paragon_Interchange" title="Hull Paragon Interchange">Hull Paragon Interchange</a> is a 560,000-square-foot (52,000 m2) scheme, that opened in 2007. It is anchored by a <a href="/wiki/Superstore" class="mw-redirect" title="Superstore">superstore</a> and provides many shop units, food outlets, a hotel, and a 7-screen cinema. Since its opening, shopping patterns within the city centre have shifted to the centre from around Princes Quay.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The North Point Shopping Centre (also known by as Bransholme Shopping Centre which is the area of the city it's in) contains a similar range of popular chain and budget retailers including <a href="/wiki/Boyes_(retailer)" title="Boyes (retailer)">Boyes</a> and Heron Foods. There are also other outer centres for shopping and retail parks, including <a href="/wiki/St_Andrews_Quay_retail_park" class="mw-redirect" title="St Andrews Quay retail park">St Andrews Quay retail park</a> on the Humber bank and <a href="/wiki/Kingswood_retail_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingswood retail park">Kingswood retail park</a> (Kingswood).<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nightlife,_bars_and_pubs">Nightlife, bars and pubs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Nightlife, bars and pubs">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spiders_Nightclub,_September_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Spiders_Nightclub%2C_September_2017.jpg/220px-Spiders_Nightclub%2C_September_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Spiders_Nightclub%2C_September_2017.jpg/330px-Spiders_Nightclub%2C_September_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Spiders_Nightclub%2C_September_2017.jpg/440px-Spiders_Nightclub%2C_September_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4823" data-file-height="3169" /></a><figcaption>Spiders Nightclub, first opened in 1979</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Land_of_Green_Ginger,_Hull_(28353271630).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Land_of_Green_Ginger%2C_Hull_%2828353271630%29.jpg/150px-Land_of_Green_Ginger%2C_Hull_%2828353271630%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Land_of_Green_Ginger%2C_Hull_%2828353271630%29.jpg/225px-Land_of_Green_Ginger%2C_Hull_%2828353271630%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Land_of_Green_Ginger%2C_Hull_%2828353271630%29.jpg/300px-Land_of_Green_Ginger%2C_Hull_%2828353271630%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1854" data-file-height="2482" /></a><figcaption>The George Hotel in the city centre</figcaption></figure> The main drinking area in the city centre is the Old Town. One pub has Hull's smallest window (The George Hotel).<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Spiders, which opened in 1979, is an <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a> nightclub on Cleveland Street, situated in a building that was once The Hope and Anchor pub.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> 'ATIK' nightclub <a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> (formerly The Sugarmill) is situated adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Princes_Quay" title="Princes Quay">Princes Quay</a> shopping centre and the historic Princes Dock which dated back to 1829.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museums_Quarter_Hull_July_2018_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Museums_Quarter_Hull_July_2018_2.jpg/220px-Museums_Quarter_Hull_July_2018_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Museums_Quarter_Hull_July_2018_2.jpg/330px-Museums_Quarter_Hull_July_2018_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Museums_Quarter_Hull_July_2018_2.jpg/440px-Museums_Quarter_Hull_July_2018_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1688" /></a><figcaption>Museums Quarter corner of garden</figcaption></figure> Hull has several museums of national importance. The city has a theatrical tradition with some famous actors and writers having been born and lived in Hull. The city's arts and heritage have played a role in attracting visitors and encouraging tourism in recent efforts at regeneration.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Hull has a diverse range of architecture and this is complemented by parks and squares and a number of statues and modern sculptures. The city has inspired author <a href="/wiki/Val_Wood" title="Val Wood">Val Wood</a> who has set many of her best-selling novels in the city.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> The Wilberforce Lecture and award of the Wilberforce Medallion, which has taken place annually since 1995, celebrates the historic role of Hull and <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a> in combating the abuse of human rights.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC2017-160">[160]</a> In April 2013 Hull put forward a bid to be the <a href="/wiki/UK_City_of_Culture" title="UK City of Culture">UK City of Culture</a> in 2017,<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> reaching the shortlist of four in June 2013 along with <a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swansea_Bay" title="Swansea Bay">Swansea Bay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> On 20 November 2013, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Miller" title="Maria Miller">Maria Miller</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Culture_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture Secretary">Culture Secretary</a>, announced that Hull had won the award to become the <a href="/wiki/Hull_UK_City_of_Culture_2017" title="Hull UK City of Culture 2017">UK City of Culture 2017</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hull_named_UK_City_of_Culture_2017-163">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_(game)" title="Monopoly (game)">Monopoly</a> have released a version focusing on Hull, with attractions such as the Deep and St Stephens included.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_William_Wilberforce,_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1442357.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Statue_of_William_Wilberforce%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1442357.jpg/190px-Statue_of_William_Wilberforce%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1442357.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Statue_of_William_Wilberforce%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1442357.jpg/285px-Statue_of_William_Wilberforce%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1442357.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Statue_of_William_Wilberforce%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1442357.jpg/380px-Statue_of_William_Wilberforce%2C_Hull_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1442357.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Wilberforce House, home of the museum dedicated to William Wilberforce.</figcaption></figure> The Museums Quarter is a development on the <a href="/wiki/High_Street,_Hull" title="High Street, Hull">High Street</a> in the heart of the Old Town. It combines four museums around a leisure garden. The work cost £5.1 million and was carried out from 1998 to 2003, being formally opened by the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester">Duke of Gloucester</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HullDM1998-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-HullDM2003June14-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-HullDM2003April22-167">[167]</a> The Museums are <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_House" title="Wilberforce House">Wilberforce House</a>, the birthplace of <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a> (1759–1833), the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">British politician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Abolitionism in the United Kingdom">abolitionist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_reformer" class="mw-redirect" title="Social reformer">social reformer</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Corsair" title="Arctic Corsair">Arctic Corsair</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fishing_trawler" title="Fishing trawler">deep-sea trawler</a> that was converted to a museum ship in 1999, on the adjacent <a href="/wiki/River_Hull" title="River Hull">River Hull</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Hull_and_East_Riding_Museum" title="Hull and East Riding Museum">Hull and East Riding Museum</a>, showing the archaeology and history of the region; and the <a href="/wiki/Streetlife_Museum_of_Transport" title="Streetlife Museum of Transport">Streetlife Museum of Transport</a>, which includes a sizeable collection of vintage cars, preserved public transport vehicles and horse-drawn carriages.<a href="#cite_note-HullDM2003June14-166">[166]</a> Other museums include the <a href="/wiki/Hull_Maritime_Museum" title="Hull Maritime Museum">Hull Maritime Museum</a> in Victoria Square, the <a href="/wiki/Spurn_Lightship" title="Spurn Lightship">Spurn Lightship</a>,<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Deep_(aquarium)" title="The Deep (aquarium)">The Deep</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Public_aquarium" title="Public aquarium">public aquarium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-the_deep-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_and_galleries">Art and galleries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Art and galleries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferens_Art_Gallery_Apr23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ferens_Art_Gallery_Apr23.jpg/220px-Ferens_Art_Gallery_Apr23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ferens_Art_Gallery_Apr23.jpg/330px-Ferens_Art_Gallery_Apr23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Ferens_Art_Gallery_Apr23.jpg/440px-Ferens_Art_Gallery_Apr23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption>Ferens Art Gallery</figcaption></figure> The civic art gallery is the <a href="/wiki/Ferens_Art_Gallery" title="Ferens Art Gallery">Ferens Art Gallery</a> on Queen Victoria Square, a Grade II listed building.<a href="#cite_note-NHLEFerens-170">[170]</a> It is named after <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ferens" title="Thomas Ferens">Thomas Ferens</a> who provided the funds for it.<a href="#cite_note-Ferens1917-171">[171]</a> Other galleries include the three-storey <a href="/wiki/Humber_Street_Gallery" title="Humber Street Gallery">Humber Street Gallery</a>, in the former Fruit Market building which was opened in 2017 as part of Hull City of Culture.<a href="#cite_note-HumberStreet-172">[172]</a> There are other smaller exhibition spaces.<a href="#cite_note-visitHull-173">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Creations">Creations</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Creations">edit</a>]</div> Marine painter <a href="/wiki/John_Ward_(painter)" title="John Ward (painter)">John Ward</a> (1798–1849) was born, worked and died in Hull and a leading ship artist of his day.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> Artist and Royal Academician <a href="/wiki/David_Remfry" title="David Remfry">David Remfry</a> (born 1942) grew up in Hull and studied at the Hull College of Art (now part of Lincoln University) from 1959 to 1964. His tutor, Gerald T Harding, trained at the Royal College of Art, London and was awarded the Abbey Minor Travelling Scholarship in 1957 by the British School in Rome.<a href="#cite_note-In_the_studio:_David_Remfry-175">[175]</a> Remfry has had two solo exhibitions at the Ferens Art Gallery in 1975 and 2005.<a href="#cite_note-In_the_studio:_David_Remfry-175">[175]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_the_Third_(King_Billy)_Statue_(geograph_6477660).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/William_the_Third_%28King_Billy%29_Statue_%28geograph_6477660%29.jpg/220px-William_the_Third_%28King_Billy%29_Statue_%28geograph_6477660%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/William_the_Third_%28King_Billy%29_Statue_%28geograph_6477660%29.jpg/330px-William_the_Third_%28King_Billy%29_Statue_%28geograph_6477660%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/William_the_Third_%28King_Billy%29_Statue_%28geograph_6477660%29.jpg/440px-William_the_Third_%28King_Billy%29_Statue_%28geograph_6477660%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3632" /></a><figcaption>King Billy Statue</figcaption></figure> Hull has a number of historical statues such as the Wilberforce Memorial in <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gardens,_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gardens, Hull">Queen's Gardens</a> and the gilded King William III statue on Market Place (known locally as "King Billy"). There is a statue of Hull-born <a href="/wiki/Amy_Johnson" title="Amy Johnson">Amy Johnson</a> in Prospect Street<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> and Hull's Paragon Interchange has a statue of <a href="/wiki/Philip_Larkin" title="Philip Larkin">Philip Larkin</a>, the latter unveiled on 2 December 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Larkinstatue-177">[177]</a> In 2010 a public art event in Hull city centre entitled Larkin with Toads displayed 40 individually decorated giant toad models as the centrepiece of the <a href="/wiki/Larkin_25" title="Larkin 25">Larkin 25</a> festival. Most of these sculptures have since been sold off for charity and transported to their new owners.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In recent years a number of modern art sculptures and heritage trails have been installed around Hull. These include a figure looking out to the <a href="/wiki/Humber" title="Humber">Humber</a> called 'Voyage' which has a twin in Iceland. In July 2011, this artwork was reported stolen.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> There is a shark sculpture outside <a href="/wiki/The_Deep_(aquarium)" title="The Deep (aquarium)">The Deep</a> and a fountain and installation called 'Tower of Light' outside Britannia House on the corner of Spring Bank.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lowgate_fish_July_2018_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lowgate_fish_July_2018_2.jpg/220px-Lowgate_fish_July_2018_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lowgate_fish_July_2018_2.jpg/330px-Lowgate_fish_July_2018_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lowgate_fish_July_2018_2.jpg/440px-Lowgate_fish_July_2018_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3229" data-file-height="1453" /></a><figcaption>Part of the Seven Seas Fish Trail, on Lowgate</figcaption></figure> The Seven Seas Fish Trail marks Hull's fishing heritage, leading its followers through old and new sections of the city, following a wide variety of sealife engraved in the pavement.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> Running along Spring Bank there is also an elephant trail, with stone pavers carved by a local artist to the designs of members of the community. This trail commemorates the Victorian Zoological Gardens and the route taken daily by the elephant as it walked from its house down Spring Bank to the zoo and back, stopping for gingerbread at a shop on the way. The animals are further represented on the Albany Street 'Home Zone' a project involving local residents and resulting in sculptures of a hippo ('Water Horse') at the bottom of Albany Street; an elephant balancing on its trunk on an island in the middle; and two bears climbing poles and reaching out to each other to form an open archway across the entrance to Albany Street from Spring Bank. Other sculptural details of animals along the street represent the participation of street residents, either through workshops with artists and makers, or through independent work of their own.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> In 2019 a series of blue plaques appeared around Hull as part of the Alternative Heritage project.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> The art project was designed to celebrate the little known and quirky facts that make Hull the city it is. A variety of tongue in cheek and humorous blue plaques appeared over night celebrating everything from Chip Spice<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> to <a href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_South" title="The Beautiful South">The Beautiful South</a>. New plaques continue to appear on a regular basis and their content has occasionally divided opinion in the city.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dead_Bod_(geograph_4427797).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Dead_Bod_%28geograph_4427797%29.jpg/220px-Dead_Bod_%28geograph_4427797%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Dead_Bod_%28geograph_4427797%29.jpg/330px-Dead_Bod_%28geograph_4427797%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Dead_Bod_%28geograph_4427797%29.jpg/440px-Dead_Bod_%28geograph_4427797%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Dead_Bod" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Bod">Dead Bod</a>" mural in original location on a jetty at Alexandra Dock</figcaption></figure> The "Dead Bod", a graffito originally painted on the Alexandria Dock, became a local landmark.<a href="#cite_note-DeadBod-189">[189]</a> It is now located in the Humber Street Gallery.<a href="#cite_note-DeadBod-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Three_Ships_mural">Three Ships mural</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Three Ships mural">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_CO-OP_Mosaic_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931102.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_CO-OP_Mosaic_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931102.jpg/220px-The_CO-OP_Mosaic_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931102.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_CO-OP_Mosaic_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931102.jpg/330px-The_CO-OP_Mosaic_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931102.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/The_CO-OP_Mosaic_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931102.jpg/440px-The_CO-OP_Mosaic_-_geograph.org.uk_-_931102.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>Three Ships <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> mural on the old Co-Op building</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Co-op_Mosaic" title="Co-op Mosaic">Co-op Mosaic</a></div> The mural is on a curved screen attached to the end-wall of the old city centre Co-operative store building sited at the intersection where Jameson Street meets King Edward Street, now a mainly pedestrianised area created for the <a href="/wiki/UK_City_of_Culture" title="UK City of Culture">City of Culture 2017</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-BLB1-191">[191]</a> Built by 1963 and later home to <a href="/wiki/British_Home_Stores" title="British Home Stores">BHS</a>, the building closed in 2016 with the collapse of BHS retail stores and was scheduled for demolition due to <a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">asbestos</a> content. The building was listed as <a href="/wiki/Grade_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II">Grade II</a> after lobbying by local pressure group Hull Heritage Action Group, potentially preventing demolition of the mural-wall. Specialist spraying to seal the building's internal structure has enabled moves to determine the actual level of asbestos in the mural-wall itself and provided a possible solution to incorporate the wall into a new development.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatres">Theatres</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Theatres">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull_New_Theatre_Feb23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hull_New_Theatre_Feb23.jpg/220px-Hull_New_Theatre_Feb23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hull_New_Theatre_Feb23.jpg/330px-Hull_New_Theatre_Feb23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Hull_New_Theatre_Feb23.jpg/440px-Hull_New_Theatre_Feb23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4176" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption>Hull New Theatre</figcaption></figure> The city has two main theatres. <a href="/wiki/Hull_New_Theatre" title="Hull New Theatre">Hull New Theatre</a>, which opened in 1939,<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> with a £16 million refurbishment in 2016–17, is the largest venue which features musicals, opera, ballet, drama, children's shows and pantomime.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hull_Truck_Theatre" title="Hull Truck Theatre">Hull Truck Theatre</a> is a smaller independent theatre, established in 1971,<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> that regularly features plays, notably those written by <a href="/wiki/John_Godber" title="John Godber">John Godber</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Truck-Godber-197">[197]</a> Since April 2009, the Hull Truck Theatre has had a new £14.5 million, 440 seat venue in the <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Hull" title="St Stephen's Hull">St Stephen's Hull</a> development.<a href="#cite_note-Keep_on_Truck-in-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-WatsOn-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> This replaced the former home of the Hull Truck Theatre on Spring Street, a complex of buildings demolished in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The playwright <a href="/wiki/Alan_Plater" title="Alan Plater">Alan Plater</a> was brought up in Hull and was associated with Hull Truck Theatre. Hull has produced several veteran stage and TV actors. Sir <a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Carmichael" title="Ian Carmichael">Ian Carmichael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Lipman" title="Maureen Lipman">Maureen Lipman</a> were born and brought up in Hull.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> Younger actors <a href="/wiki/Reece_Shearsmith" title="Reece Shearsmith">Reece Shearsmith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Debra_Stephenson" title="Debra Stephenson">Debra Stephenson</a> were also born in Hull.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> In 1914, there were 29 <a href="/wiki/Closed_cinemas_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Closed cinemas in Kingston upon Hull">cinemas in Hull</a> but most of these have now closed. The first purpose-built cinema was the Prince's Hall in George Street which was opened in 1910 by Hull's theatre magnate, <a href="/wiki/William_Morton_(theatre_manager)" title="William Morton (theatre manager)">William Morton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> It was subsequently renamed the Curzon.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Myton_Street,_Kingston_upon_Hull_(geograph_5836231).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Myton_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_5836231%29.jpg/220px-Myton_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_5836231%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Myton_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_5836231%29.jpg/330px-Myton_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_5836231%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Myton_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_5836231%29.jpg/440px-Myton_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_5836231%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2556" data-file-height="1896" /></a><figcaption>Connexin Live Arena, opened July 2018 as the Bonus Arena</figcaption></figure> On 25 July 2018, a new 3,000 seat <a href="/wiki/Connexin_Live_Arena" title="Connexin Live Arena">arena</a> was opened to the public in the centre of the city.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> It was officially opened on 20 August 2018, with a <a href="/wiki/Van_Morrison" title="Van Morrison">Van Morrison</a> concert.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Festivals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull_Fair_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hull_Fair_2006.jpg/220px-Hull_Fair_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hull_Fair_2006.jpg/330px-Hull_Fair_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Hull_Fair_2006.jpg/440px-Hull_Fair_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Hull Fair taken from the top of the Big Wheel, 2006</figcaption></figure> The Humber Mouth literature festival is an annual event and the 2012 season featured artists such as <a href="/wiki/John_Cooper_Clarke" title="John Cooper Clarke">John Cooper Clarke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacNeil" title="Kevin MacNeil">Kevin MacNeil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Margolyes" title="Miriam Margolyes">Miriam Margolyes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> The annual Hull Jazz Festival takes place around the <a href="/wiki/Hull_Marina" title="Hull Marina">Marina</a> area for a week at the beginning of August.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> From 2008 Hull has also held its <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Festival,_Hull" title="Freedom Festival, Hull">Freedom Festival</a>, an annual free arts and <a href="/wiki/Live_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Live music">live music</a> event that celebrates freedom in all its forms.<a href="#cite_note-Freedom-213">[213]</a> Performers have included <a href="/wiki/Pixie_Lott" title="Pixie Lott">Pixie Lott</a>, <a href="/wiki/JLS" title="JLS">JLS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martha_Reeves_and_The_Vandellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Martha Reeves and The Vandellas">Martha Reeves and The Vandellas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_Service_Broadcasting_(band)" title="Public Service Broadcasting (band)">Public Service Broadcasting</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_1975" title="The 1975">The 1975</a> as well as featuring a torchlight procession, local bands like The Talks and Happy Endings from Fruit Trade Music label and a Ziggy Stardust photo exhibition including photos of the late-Hull-born <a href="/wiki/Mick_Ronson" title="Mick Ronson">Mick Ronson</a> who worked with <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> Former United Nations Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> was awarded the Wilberforce Medallion at the 2017 festival.<a href="#cite_note-BBC2017-160">[160]</a> Early October sees the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Hull_Fair" title="Hull Fair">Hull Fair</a> which is one of Europe's largest <a href="/wiki/Travelling_funfair" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelling funfair">travelling funfairs</a> and takes place on land adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/MKM_Stadium" title="MKM Stadium">MKM Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> The city's <a href="/wiki/Pride_in_Hull" title="Pride in Hull">Pride in Hull</a> festival is one of the largest free-to-attend LGBT+ Pride events in the UK, attracting in excess of 50,000 attendees.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-216">[216]</a> Headline performers have included <a href="/wiki/Adore_Delano" title="Adore Delano">Adore Delano</a>,<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> <a href="/wiki/Louise_Redknapp" title="Louise Redknapp">Louise Redknapp</a>,<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Almond" title="Marc Almond">Marc Almond</a>,<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Coyle" title="Nadine Coyle">Nadine Coyle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Girls_Aloud" title="Girls Aloud">Girls Aloud</a>,<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> and <a href="/wiki/B*Witched" title="B*Witched">B*Witched</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> The Hull Global Food Festival held its third annual event in the city's Queen Victoria Square for three days – 4–6 September 2009.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> According to officials, the event in 2007 attracted 125,000 visitors and brought some £5 million in revenue to the area.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> In 2007 the Hull Metalfest began in the Welly Club,<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> it featured major label bands from the United States, Canada and Italy, as well as the UK. The first <a href="/wiki/Hull_Comedy_Festival" title="Hull Comedy Festival">Hull Comedy Festival</a>, which included performers such as <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Lee" title="Stewart Lee">Stewart Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russell_Howard" title="Russell Howard">Russell Howard</a> was held in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> In 2010, Hull marked the 25th anniversary of the death of the poet Philip Larkin with the <a href="/wiki/Larkin_25" title="Larkin 25">Larkin 25</a> Festival. This included the popular Larkin with Toads public art event.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> The 40 Larkin toads were displayed around Hull and later sold off in a charity auction. A charity appeal raised funds to cast a life-size bronze statue of Philip Larkin, to a design by Martin Jennings, at <a href="/wiki/Hull_Paragon_Interchange" title="Hull Paragon Interchange">Hull Paragon Interchange</a>. The statue was unveiled at a ceremony attended by the Lord Mayor of Hull on 2 December 2010, the 25th anniversary of Larkin's death.<a href="#cite_note-Larkinstatue-177">[177]</a> It bears an inscription drawn from the first line of Larkin's poem, '<a href="/wiki/The_Whitsun_Weddings_(poem)" title="The Whitsun Weddings (poem)">The Whitsun Weddings</a>'.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> In 2013, from 29 April to 5 May, Hull Fashion Week took place with various events happening in venues in and around Hull's City centre. It finished with a finale on 5 May at <a href="/wiki/Hull_Paragon_Interchange" title="Hull Paragon Interchange">Hull Paragon Interchange</a>, when recently reformed pop group <a href="/wiki/Atomic_Kitten" title="Atomic Kitten">Atomic Kitten</a> appeared in a celebrity fashion show.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_Day_Hull_human_centipede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Yellow_Day_Hull_human_centipede.jpg/220px-Yellow_Day_Hull_human_centipede.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Yellow_Day_Hull_human_centipede.jpg/330px-Yellow_Day_Hull_human_centipede.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Yellow_Day_Hull_human_centipede.jpg/440px-Yellow_Day_Hull_human_centipede.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Yellow Day Hull, 24 June 2017</figcaption></figure> The first Yellow Day Hull event, organised by Hull-born Preston Likely, was staged on 24 June 2017. Likely invited everybody in the city to participate in the event, encouraging all participants to either wear, carry or make something yellow in order to celebrate the city's history and culture.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> On 3 August 2013, the second Humber Street Sesh Festival took place celebrating local music talent and arts, with several stages showcasing bands and artists from the Fruit Trade Music Label, Humber Street Sesh and Purple Worm Records.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> The festival has taken place yearly, with the exception of 2021 where the festival took place in September being renamed 'Inner City Sesh' and taking place in <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gardens,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Queen's Gardens, Kingston upon Hull">Queens Gardens</a>. In 2018, the 16th <a href="/wiki/Pride_in_Hull" title="Pride in Hull">Pride in Hull</a> festival saw attendees take part in the annual celebration of LGBT+ culture.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-216">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charity">Charity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Charity">edit</a>]</div> Kingston is home to the charity group <a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_M.I.C.E." title="The Society of M.I.C.E.">The Society of M.I.C.E.</a>, modelled after the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Order_of_Water_Rats" title="Grand Order of Water Rats">Grand Order of Water Rats</a>. MICE stands for Men In Charitable Endeavour. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Cultural references">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry">Poetry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Poetry">edit</a>]</div> Hull has attracted the attention of poets to the extent that Australian author <a href="/wiki/Peter_Porter_(poet)" title="Peter Porter (poet)">Peter Porter</a> described it as "the most poetic city in England".<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> Philip Larkin set many of his poems in Hull, including "<a href="/wiki/The_Whitsun_Weddings_(poem)" title="The Whitsun Weddings (poem)">The Whitsun Weddings</a>", "Toads", and "Here".<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> Scottish-born <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dunn" title="Douglas Dunn">Douglas Dunn</a>'s Terry Street, a portrait of working-class Hull life, is one of the outstanding poetry collections of the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Dunn forged close associations with such Hull poets as <a href="/wiki/Peter_Didsbury" title="Peter Didsbury">Peter Didsbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sean_O%27Brien_(writer)" title="Sean O'Brien (writer)">Sean O'Brien</a>. The works of some of these writers appear in the 1982 Bloodaxe anthology A Rumoured City, which Dunn edited.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Motion" title="Andrew Motion">Andrew Motion</a>, past <a href="/wiki/Poet_Laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Poet Laureate">Poet Laureate</a>, lectured at the University of Hull between 1976 and 1981,<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_McGough" title="Roger McGough">Roger McGough</a> studied there. Both poets spoke at the Humber Mouth Festival in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> Contemporary poets associated with Hull are <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Hannan" title="Maggie Hannan">Maggie Hannan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Wheatley_(poet)" title="David Wheatley (poet)">David Wheatley</a>,<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caitriona_O%27Reilly" title="Caitriona O'Reilly">Caitriona O'Reilly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaphysical poetry">metaphysical</a> poet and parliamentarian <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marvell" title="Andrew Marvell">Andrew Marvell</a> was born nearby, and grew up and received his education in the city.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-ODNB6-241">[241]</a> There is a statue in his honour in the Market Square (Trinity Square), set against the backdrop of his alma mater <a href="/wiki/Hull_Grammar_School" title="Hull Grammar School">Hull Grammar School</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull_City_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_952519.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hull_City_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_952519.jpg/220px-Hull_City_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_952519.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hull_City_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_952519.jpg/330px-Hull_City_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_952519.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hull_City_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_952519.jpg/440px-Hull_City_Hall_-_geograph.org.uk_-_952519.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Hall" title="Hull City Hall">Hull City Hall</a>, completed in 1909</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Classical">Classical</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Classical">edit</a>]</div> In the field of classical music, Hull is home to Sinfonia UK Collective (formerly Hull Sinfonietta, founded in 2004), a national and international touring group that serves Hull and its surrounding regions in its role as Ensemble in Residence at University of Hull,<a href="#cite_note-hull_sinf-243">[243]</a> and also the <a href="/wiki/Hull_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Hull Philharmonic Orchestra">Hull Philharmonic Orchestra</a>, one of the oldest amateur orchestras in the country.<a href="#cite_note-hull_phil-244">[244]</a> and formerly The Hull Philharmonic Youth Orchestra, established in 1952,<a href="#cite_note-hpyo-245">[245]</a> the Hull Choral Union, the Hull Bach Choir – which specialises in the performance of 17th- and 18th-century choral music – the Hull <a href="/wiki/Male_Voice_Choir" class="mw-redirect" title="Male Voice Choir">Male Voice Choir</a>, the Arterian Singers and two <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_%26_Sullivan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert & Sullivan">Gilbert & Sullivan</a> Societies: the Dagger Lane Operatic Society and the Hull Savoyards are also based in Hull. There are two brass bands, the East Yorkshire Motor Services Band, who are the current <a href="/wiki/North_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="North of England">North of England</a> Area <a href="/wiki/Brass_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Brass Band">Brass Band</a> Champions,<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> and East Riding of Yorkshire Band who are the 2014 North of England Regional Champions within their section.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> Hull City Hall annually plays host to major British and European symphony Orchestras with its 'International Masters' orchestral concert season.<a href="#cite_note-Hull_City_Hall-249">[249]</a> During the 2009–10 season visiting orchestras included the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Academic_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Saint Petersburg Academic Symphony Orchestra">St Petersburg Symphony Orchestra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Czech_National_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Czech National Symphony Orchestra">Czech National Symphony Orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Internationally renowned touring pop, rock, and comedy acts also regularly play the City Hall.<a href="#cite_note-Hull_City_Hall-249">[249]</a> In September 2013 a five-year partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Royal Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Philharmonic Orchestra</a> was announced by the City Council.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rock,_pop_and_folk">Rock, pop and folk</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Rock, pop and folk">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Beautiful_South_-_geograph.org.uk_-_218341.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/The_Beautiful_South_-_geograph.org.uk_-_218341.jpg/220px-The_Beautiful_South_-_geograph.org.uk_-_218341.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/The_Beautiful_South_-_geograph.org.uk_-_218341.jpg/330px-The_Beautiful_South_-_geograph.org.uk_-_218341.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/The_Beautiful_South_-_geograph.org.uk_-_218341.jpg/440px-The_Beautiful_South_-_geograph.org.uk_-_218341.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption>Grafton Street, birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Housemartins" class="mw-redirect" title="Housemartins">Housemartins</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_South" title="The Beautiful South">the Beautiful South</a></figcaption></figure> On the popular music scene, in the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Mick_Ronson" title="Mick Ronson">Mick Ronson</a> of the Hull band Rats worked closely with <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a> and was heavily involved in production of the album <a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Ziggy_Stardust_and_the_Spiders_from_Mars" title="The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars">The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> Ronson later went on to record with <a href="/wiki/Lou_Reed" title="Lou Reed">Lou Reed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morrissey" title="Morrissey">Morrissey</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Wildhearts" title="The Wildhearts">the Wildhearts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> There is a Mick Ronson Memorial Stage in <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gardens,_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gardens, Hull">Queen's Gardens</a> in Hull.<a href="#cite_note-ronson_stage-254">[254]</a> The 1960s were also notable for the revival of English folk music, of which the Hull-based quartet, <a href="/wiki/The_Watersons" title="The Watersons">the Watersons</a> were prominent exponents. <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a> performed and recorded a concert, at the Hull City Hall, on 15 February 1970.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> In the 1980s, Hull groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Red_Guitars" title="Red Guitars">Red Guitars</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Housemartins" title="The Housemartins">the Housemartins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Everything_but_the_Girl" title="Everything but the Girl">Everything but the Girl</a> found mainstream success, followed by <a href="/wiki/Kingmaker" title="Kingmaker">Kingmaker</a> in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-80s_bands-256">[256]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heaton" title="Paul Heaton">Paul Heaton</a>, former member of <a href="/wiki/The_Housemartins" title="The Housemartins">the Housemartins</a> went on to front <a href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_South" title="The Beautiful South">the Beautiful South</a>.<a href="#cite_note-heaton-257">[257]</a> Another former member of the Housemartins, Norman Cook, now performs as <a href="/wiki/Fatboy_Slim" title="Fatboy Slim">Fatboy Slim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cook-258">[258]</a> In 1982, Hull-born Paul Anthony Cook, Stuart Matthewman and Paul Spencer Denman formed the group <a href="/wiki/Sade_(band)" title="Sade (band)">Sade</a>. In 1984, the singer <a href="/wiki/Sade_Adu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sade Adu">Helen Adu</a> signed to CBS Records and the group released the album Diamond Life. The album had sales of four million copies.<a href="#cite_note-sade-259">[259]</a> The pioneering <a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">industrial</a> band <a href="/wiki/Throbbing_Gristle" title="Throbbing Gristle">Throbbing Gristle</a> formed in Hull; <a href="/wiki/Genesis_P-Orridge" title="Genesis P-Orridge">Genesis P-Orridge</a> (Neil Megson) attended Hull University between 1968 and 1969, where he met <a href="/wiki/Cosey_Fanni_Tutti" title="Cosey Fanni Tutti">Cosey Fanni Tutti</a> (Christine Newby), who was born in the city, and first became part of the Hull performance art group <a href="/wiki/COUM_Transmissions" title="COUM Transmissions">COUM Transmissions</a> in 1970.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> The record label <a href="/wiki/Pork_Recordings" title="Pork Recordings">Pork Recordings</a> started in Hull in the mid-1990s, and has released music by <a href="/wiki/Fila_Brazillia" title="Fila Brazillia">Fila Brazillia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_Adelphi_Club" title="The New Adelphi Club">The New Adelphi</a> is a popular local venue for alternative live music in the city, and has achieved notability outside Hull, having hosted such bands as <a href="/wiki/The_Stone_Roses" title="The Stone Roses">the Stone Roses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Day" title="Green Day">Green Day</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a> in its history,<a href="#cite_note-adelphi-264">[264]</a> while the Springhead caters to a variety of bands and has been recognised nationally as a 'Live Music Pub of the Year'.<a href="#cite_note-springhead-265">[265]</a> In the 2000s, Hull <a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">indie rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/The_Paddingtons" title="The Paddingtons">the Paddingtons</a> saw mainstream success with two UK Top 40 singles in 2005,<a href="#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums-266">[266]</a> later reforming in 2014 and performing at the Humber Street Sesh.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> In the 1990s, the duo <a href="/wiki/Scarlet_(British_band)" title="Scarlet (British band)">Scarlet</a> from Hull had two Top 40 hits with "<a href="/wiki/Independent_Love_Song" title="Independent Love Song">Independent Love Song</a>" and "I Wanna Be Free (To Be With Him)" in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-British_Hit_Singles_&_Albums_2-268">[268]</a> The Humber Street Sesh night has released four DIY compilations featuring the cream of Hull's live music scene, and there are currently a few labels emerging in the city, including Purple Worm Records based at <a href="/wiki/Hull_College" title="Hull College">Hull College</a>, with bands such as The Blackbirds showing a promising future.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bands_and_musicians_from_Yorkshire_and_North_East_England" title="Bands and musicians from Yorkshire and North East England">Bands and musicians from Yorkshire and North East England</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Holy_Trinity_Church,_Hull_(geograph_234700).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Hull_%28geograph_234700%29.jpg/220px-Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Hull_%28geograph_234700%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Hull_%28geograph_234700%29.jpg/330px-Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Hull_%28geograph_234700%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Hull_%28geograph_234700%29.jpg/440px-Holy_Trinity_Church%2C_Hull_%28geograph_234700%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Hull_Minster" title="Hull Minster">Hull Minster</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Religion </th> <th colspan="2">2001<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>No religion </th> <th align="right">44,627 </th> <th align="right">18.3 </th> <th align="right">89,336 </th> <th align="right">34.8 </th> <th align="right">131,424 </th> <th align="right">49.2 </th></tr> <tr> <th>Holds religious beliefs </th> <th>178,386 </th> <th>73.3 </th> <th>148,665 </th> <th>58.0 </th> <th>118,635 </th> <th>44.4 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/20px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/30px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/40px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="1052" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> </td> <td align="right">174,758 </td> <td align="right">71.7 </td> <td align="right">140,753 </td> <td align="right">54.9 </td> <td align="right">106,411 </td> <td align="right">39.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/20px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/40px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> </td> <td align="right">2,116 </td> <td align="right">0.9 </td> <td align="right">5,447 </td> <td align="right">2.1 </td> <td align="right">9,285 </td> <td align="right">3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/20px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/40px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> </td> <td align="right">374 </td> <td align="right">0.2 </td> <td align="right">771 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td align="right">746 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/20px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/31px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/40px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> </td> <td align="right">257 </td> <td align="right">0.1 </td> <td align="right">439 </td> <td align="right">0.2 </td> <td align="right">646 </td> <td align="right">0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/19px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/29px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/39px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> </td> <td align="right">227 </td> <td align="right">0.1 </td> <td align="right">289 </td> <td align="right">0.1 </td> <td align="right">277 </td> <td align="right">0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/20px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/40px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> </td> <td align="right">265 </td> <td align="right">0.1 </td> <td align="right">172 </td> <td align="right">0.1 </td> <td align="right">146 </td> <td align="right">0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other religion </td> <td align="right">389 </td> <td align="right">0.2 </td> <td align="right">794 </td> <td align="right">0.3 </td> <td align="right">1,124 </td> <td align="right">0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Religion not stated </th> <th align="right">20,576 </th> <th align="right">8.4 </th> <th align="right">18,405 </th> <th align="right">7.2 </th> <th align="right">16,957 </th> <th align="right">6.4 </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th align="right">243,589 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th> <th align="right">256,406 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th> <th align="right">267,013 </th> <th align="right">100.0 </th></tr></tbody></table> Unlike many other English cities, Hull has no cathedral. Since 13 May 2017, the Holy Trinity Church (dating back to 1300) became a <a href="/wiki/Minster_(church)" title="Minster (church)">Minster</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Hull_Minster" title="Hull Minster">Hull Minster</a>.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> It is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_York" title="Diocese of York">Diocese of York</a> and has a <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_bishop" title="Suffragan bishop">suffragan bishop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> Hull forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Middlesbrough" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough">Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough</a>'s southern vicariate.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Charles_Borromeo,_Hull" title="St Charles Borromeo, Hull">St Charles Borromeo</a> is the oldest post-Reformation Roman Catholic church in the city.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> There are several seamen's missions and churches in Hull. The <a href="/wiki/Mission_to_Seafarers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission to Seafarers">Mission to Seafarers</a> has a centre at West King George Dock<a href="#cite_note-seafarers_mission-278">[278]</a> and the St Nikolaj Danish Seamen's Church is located in Osborne Street.<a href="#cite_note-st_nikolaj-279">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_green_spaces">Parks and green spaces</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Parks and green spaces">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pearson_Park_-Hull_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pearson_Park_-Hull_3.jpg/220px-Pearson_Park_-Hull_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pearson_Park_-Hull_3.jpg/330px-Pearson_Park_-Hull_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pearson_Park_-Hull_3.jpg/440px-Pearson_Park_-Hull_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Park" title="Pearson Park">Pearson Park</a></figcaption></figure> Hull has a large number of parks and green spaces. These include <a href="/wiki/East_Park,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="East Park, Kingston upon Hull">East Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Park" title="Pearson Park">Pearson Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pickering_Park,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Pickering Park, Kingston upon Hull">Pickering Park</a>, Peter Pan Park (Costello Playing fields), and West Park. West Park is home to Hull's <a href="/wiki/MKM_Stadium" title="MKM Stadium">MKM Stadium</a>. Pearson Park contains a lake and a 'Victorian Conservatory' housing birds and reptiles. East Park has a large boating lake and a collection of birds and animals,<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> the latest additions being a pair of rehomed <a href="/wiki/Shetland_pony" title="Shetland pony">Shetland ponies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> East Park and Pearson Park are registered Grade II listed sites by <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> The city centre has the large <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gardens,_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gardens, Hull">Queen's Gardens</a> parkland at its heart. This was originally built as formal ornamental gardens used to fill in the former <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Dock,_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Dock, Hull">Queen's Dock</a>. It is now a more flexible grassed and landscaped area used for concerts and festivals, but retains a large ornamental flower circus and fountain at its western end. In February 2022, the first phase of a £11.7 million redevelopment of the gardens began.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a> The second phase started in June 2023 and is expected to take 14 months to complete.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> A report by The Countryside Charity in October 2023 found that no Local Green Space designations had been made to protect any of the cities open spaces, but <a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Hull City Council</a> indicated that protection was offered in the 2017 Hull Local Plan.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> The streets of Hull's suburban areas also lined with large numbers of trees, particularly <a href="/wiki/The_Avenues,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull">the Avenues</a> area around Princes Avenue, and Boulevard to the west. Many of the old trees in the Avenues district have been felled in recent years with the stumps carved into a variety of 'living sculptures'.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Khyber_Pass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_214532.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/The_Khyber_Pass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_214532.jpg/220px-The_Khyber_Pass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_214532.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/The_Khyber_Pass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_214532.jpg/330px-The_Khyber_Pass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_214532.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/The_Khyber_Pass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_214532.jpg/440px-The_Khyber_Pass_-_geograph.org.uk_-_214532.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption>East Park's Khyber Pass Folly in Kingston upon Hull as of 15 January 2011.</figcaption></figure> West Hull has a district known as 'Botanic'. This recalls the short-lived Botanic Garden that once existed on the site now occupied by <a href="/wiki/Hymers_College" title="Hymers College">Hymers College</a>. Elephants once lived nearby in the former Zoological Gardens on Spring Bank and were paraded in the local streets.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> The land has since been redeveloped. There was also a former Botanic Garden between Hessle Road and the Anlaby Road commemorated by Linnaeus Street.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BBC_Building_Queens_Gardens_Hull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/BBC_Building_Queens_Gardens_Hull.jpg/220px-BBC_Building_Queens_Gardens_Hull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/BBC_Building_Queens_Gardens_Hull.jpg/330px-BBC_Building_Queens_Gardens_Hull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/BBC_Building_Queens_Gardens_Hull.jpg/440px-BBC_Building_Queens_Gardens_Hull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> building in Hull</figcaption></figure> Hull's local daily newspaper is the <a href="/wiki/Hull_Daily_Mail" title="Hull Daily Mail">Hull Daily Mail</a>. The city was once served by three competing daily newspapers, all operating from the Whitefriargate area Eastern Morning News, Hull News and Hull and East Yorkshire Times. On 17 April 1930 the last edition of Evening News was published after the paper was taken over by the Hull Daily Mail.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> Local listings and what's-on guides include Tenfoot City Magazine and <a href="/wiki/Sandman_(magazine)" title="Sandman (magazine)">Sandman Magazine</a>. The BBC has its <a href="/wiki/BBC_Yorkshire_and_Lincolnshire" title="BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire">Yorkshire and Lincolnshire</a> regional headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gardens,_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Gardens, Hull">Queen's Gardens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> Radio services broadcasting from the city are <a href="/wiki/Community_radio" title="Community radio">community radio</a> stations, Hull Kingston Radio, 106.9 West Hull FM (formerly WHCR FM) and <a href="/wiki/Hospital_radio" title="Hospital radio">hospital radio</a> station <a href="/wiki/Kingstown_Radio" title="Kingstown Radio">Kingstown Radio</a>. The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s regional station <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Humberside" title="BBC Radio Humberside">BBC Radio Humberside</a> is based in Hull and broadcasts to East Yorkshire & <a href="/wiki/Northern_Lincolnshire" title="Northern Lincolnshire">Northern Lincolnshire</a>. Commercial stations for the city <a href="/wiki/Hits_Radio_East_Yorkshire_%26_North_Lincolnshire" title="Hits Radio East Yorkshire & North Lincolnshire">Hits Radio East Yorkshire & North Lincolnshire</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Viking_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking FM">Viking FM</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Nation_Radio_East_Yorkshire" title="Nation Radio East Yorkshire">Nation Radio East Yorkshire</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/KCFM_(FM)" class="mw-redirect" title="KCFM (FM)">KCFM</a>) broadcast from outside of Hull and are now part of a national network like <a href="/wiki/Capital_Yorkshire" title="Capital Yorkshire">Capital Yorkshire</a> which has a base over 60 miles (100 km) away in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> The Hull University Union's student radio station <a href="/wiki/Jam_1575" class="mw-redirect" title="Jam 1575">Jam 1575</a>, stopped broadcasting on MW.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KC_Stadium.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/KC_Stadium.JPG/220px-KC_Stadium.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/KC_Stadium.JPG/330px-KC_Stadium.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/KC_Stadium.JPG/440px-KC_Stadium.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3012" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/MKM_Stadium" title="MKM Stadium">MKM Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> Sports in the city include professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darts" title="Darts">darts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">athletics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Watersports" class="mw-redirect" title="Watersports">watersports</a>.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a> The city's professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club, <a href="/wiki/Hull_City_A.F.C." title="Hull City A.F.C.">Hull City A.F.C.</a>, play in the <a href="/wiki/EFL_Championship" title="EFL Championship">Championship</a>, the second tier of the <a href="/wiki/English_football_league_system" title="English football league system">English football league system</a>, after promotion, as champions, from <a href="/wiki/EFL_League_One" title="EFL League One">League One</a>, at the first time of asking, in the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Hull_City_A.F.C._season" title="2020–21 Hull City A.F.C. season">2020–21 season</a>.<a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> The team play at the MKM Stadium. There are also two non-league clubs based in the city, <a href="/wiki/Hall_Road_Rangers_F.C." title="Hall Road Rangers F.C.">Hall Road Rangers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hull_United_A.F.C." title="Hull United A.F.C.">Hull United</a>, who play at Haworth Park. The latter play in the <a href="/wiki/Humber_Premier_League" title="Humber Premier League">Humber Premier League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> A popular sport in Hull is <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a>, with the city supplying two teams in to the <a href="/wiki/Super_League" title="Super League">Super League</a> competition. The first is <a href="/wiki/Hull_F.C." title="Hull F.C.">Hull FC</a>, who were founded in 1865, and are one of the founding clubs of rugby league. They play at the <a href="/wiki/MKM_Stadium" title="MKM Stadium">MKM Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> Also in Super League are <a href="/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers" title="Hull Kingston Rovers">Hull Kingston Rovers</a>, who play at <a href="/wiki/Craven_Park,_Hull" title="Craven Park, Hull">Sewell Group Craven Park Stadium</a> in East Hull, following promotion from the <a href="/wiki/RFL_Championship" title="RFL Championship">Championship</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> There are also several lower league teams in the city, such as <a href="/wiki/East_Hull_A.R.L.F.C." title="East Hull A.R.L.F.C.">East Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Hull_ARLFC" class="mw-redirect" title="West Hull ARLFC">West Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hull_Dockers" title="Hull Dockers">Hull Dockers</a> and Hull Isberg, who all play in the <a href="/wiki/National_Conference_League" title="National Conference League">National Conference League</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> is catered for by <a href="/wiki/Hull_Ionians" title="Hull Ionians">Hull Ionians</a> who play at <a href="/wiki/Brantingham" title="Brantingham">Brantingham</a> Park.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hull_RUFC" title="Hull RUFC">Hull RUFC</a> who are based in the city.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> From the 2023–04 season, both clubs will play in the <a href="/wiki/National_League_2_North" title="National League 2 North">National League 2 North</a>.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> The city has two athletics clubs based at the Costello Stadium in the west of the city – Kingston upon Hull Athletics Club<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a> and Hull Achilles Athletics Club.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> Hull Cycle Speedway Club is at the Hessle raceway near the Humber bridge. The side race in the sports Northern league and won both the league titles in 2008. Other cycling clubs also operate including Hull Thursday, the area's road racing group.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hull_Arena" title="Hull Arena">Hull Arena</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Arena-306">[306]</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Ice_rink" title="Ice rink">ice rink</a> and concert venue, which is home to the <a href="/wiki/Hull_Seahawks" title="Hull Seahawks">Hull Seahawks</a> <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> team who play in the <a href="/wiki/National_Ice_Hockey_League" title="National Ice Hockey League">NIHL National Division</a> for the 2022–23 season.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> It is also home to the Kingston Kestrels <a href="/wiki/Ice_sledge_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice sledge hockey">ice sledge hockey</a> team.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a> In August 2010, Hull Daily Mail reported that Hull Stingrays was facing closure, following a financial crisis.<a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> The club was subsequently saved from closure following a takeover by <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blaze" title="Coventry Blaze">Coventry Blaze</a>.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> But on 24 June 2015, the club announced on its official website that it has been placed into liquidation.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hull_Hornets" title="Hull Hornets">Hull Hornets</a> <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> existed from 2005 until 2011. The club, which acquired full member status in the <a href="/wiki/British_American_Football_League" title="British American Football League">British American Football League</a> on 5 November 2006, played in the BAFL Division 2 Central league for 5 years. The <a href="/wiki/Humber_Warhawks" title="Humber Warhawks">Humber Warhawks</a> formed in 2013 became Hull's American football team. Greyhound racing returned to the city on 25 October 2007 when <a href="/wiki/The_Boulevard_(stadium)" title="The Boulevard (stadium)">The Boulevard</a> stadium re-opened as a venue for the sport.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> In mid-2006 Hull was home to the professional wrestling company <a href="/wiki/One_Pro_Wrestling" title="One Pro Wrestling">One Pro Wrestling</a>, which held the Devils Due event on 27 July in the <a href="/wiki/Gemtec_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemtec Arena">Gemtec Arena</a>.<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> From 16 May 2008, Hull gained its own homegrown wrestling company based at the Eastmount Recreation Centre—New Generation Wrestling—that have featured <a href="/wiki/El_Ligero" title="El Ligero">El Ligero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kris_Travis" title="Kris Travis">Kris Travis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alex_Shane" title="Alex Shane">Alex Shane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> Hull Lacrosse Club was formed in 2008 and was in 2012 playing in the Premier 3 division of the North of England Men's Lacrosse Association.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> The city played host to the <a href="/wiki/Clipper_Round_the_World_Yacht_Race" title="Clipper Round the World Yacht Race">Clipper Round the World Yacht Race</a> for the 2009–10 35,000-mile (56,000 km) race around the globe, which started on 13 September 2009 and finished on 17 July 2010.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> The locally named yacht, Hull and Humber, captained by Danny Watson, achieved second place in the 2007–2008 race.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> The city hosted <a href="/wiki/British_Open_Squash_Championships" title="British Open Squash Championships">The British Open Squash Championships</a> at <a href="/wiki/KC_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="KC Stadium">the KC Stadium</a> in 2013 and 2014,<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a> before moving to the adjacent <a href="/wiki/Airco_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Airco Arena">Airco Arena</a> in 2015, as part of a three-year deal.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> Swimming is hosted at Beverley Road Baths, Woodford Leisure Centre, the Ennerdale Centre, and Albert Avenue Baths.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> Albert Avenue pools were established in 1933, with an outdoor pool which shut to swimmers in 1995, but has been used for canoe training.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> A major refurbishment to upgrade the complex and return outdoor swimming was announced in 2021, this included a fitness studio, gym and general upgrades.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> The £10.5 million refurbished facilities opened in August 2023.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Trams in Kingston upon Hull">Trams in Kingston upon Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Trolleybuses in Kingston upon Hull">Trolleybuses in Kingston upon Hull</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_City_Transport" title="Kingston upon Hull City Transport">Kingston upon Hull City Transport</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Hull_Paragon_Interchange" title="Hull Paragon Interchange">Hull Paragon Interchange</a>, opened on 16 September 2007,<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> is the city's transport hub, combining the existing main bus and rail termini in an integrated complex. In 2009, it was expected to have 24,000 people passing through the complex each day.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Railway">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Original_entrance_to_Hull_Paragon_station_(geograph_4853166).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Original_entrance_to_Hull_Paragon_station_%28geograph_4853166%29.jpg/220px-Original_entrance_to_Hull_Paragon_station_%28geograph_4853166%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Original_entrance_to_Hull_Paragon_station_%28geograph_4853166%29.jpg/330px-Original_entrance_to_Hull_Paragon_station_%28geograph_4853166%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Original_entrance_to_Hull_Paragon_station_%28geograph_4853166%29.jpg/440px-Original_entrance_to_Hull_Paragon_station_%28geograph_4853166%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Original entrance to Hull Paragon station, dating from 1847</figcaption></figure> Hull Paragon Exchange is served by four <a href="/wiki/Train_operating_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Train operating companies">train operating companies</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Trains" title="Hull Trains">Hull Trains</a> operates regular express services to <a href="/wiki/London_King%27s_Cross_railway_station" title="London King's Cross railway station">London King's Cross</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_North_Eastern_Railway" title="London North Eastern Railway">London North Eastern Railway</a> runs one service per day to London King's Cross in each direction<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TransPennine_Express" title="TransPennine Express">TransPennine Express</a> operates a route to <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Piccadilly_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Piccadilly railway station">Manchester Piccadilly</a> via <a href="/wiki/Leeds_railway_station" title="Leeds railway station">Leeds</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Trains" title="Northern Trains">Northern Trains</a> operates regular local stopping trains to <a href="/wiki/Halifax_railway_station_(England)" title="Halifax railway station (England)">Halifax</a> via <a href="/wiki/Selby_railway_station" title="Selby railway station">Selby</a>, Leeds and <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Interchange_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford Interchange railway station">Bradford Interchange</a>; to <a href="/wiki/York_railway_station" title="York railway station">York</a> via <a href="/wiki/Brough_railway_station" title="Brough railway station">Brough</a> and Selby; to <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield railway station">Sheffield</a> via <a href="/wiki/Doncaster_railway_station" title="Doncaster railway station">Doncaster</a>; and to <a href="/wiki/Scarborough_railway_station" title="Scarborough railway station">Scarborough</a> via <a href="/wiki/Beverley_railway_station" title="Beverley railway station">Beverley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bridlington_railway_station" title="Bridlington railway station">Bridlington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a></li></ul> In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Hull_and_Hornsea_Railway" title="Hull and Hornsea Railway">Hull and Hornsea Railway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hull_and_Holderness_Railway" title="Hull and Holderness Railway">Hull and Holderness Railway</a> branch lines closed, with all goods traffic transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Hull_and_Barnsley_Railway" title="Hull and Barnsley Railway">high-level line</a> that circles the city.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Buses">edit</a>]</div> Bus services in and around the city are provided by <a href="/wiki/East_Yorkshire_(bus_company)" title="East Yorkshire (bus company)">East Yorkshire</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Go-Ahead_Group" title="Go-Ahead Group">Go-Ahead Group</a> company which was previously known as East Yorkshire Motor Services, and by <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_in_Hull" title="Stagecoach in Hull">Stagecoach in Hull</a>.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> To provide greater travel flexibility, bus users can obtain a Hull Card which can be used on services run by either operator.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bridges">Bridges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Bridges">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humber_Bridge.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Humber_Bridge.png/220px-Humber_Bridge.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Humber_Bridge.png/330px-Humber_Bridge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Humber_Bridge.png/440px-Humber_Bridge.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>The Humber Bridge from the south bank</figcaption></figure> Hull is close to the <a href="/wiki/Humber_Bridge" title="Humber Bridge">Humber Bridge</a>, which provides links to south of the river Humber. It was built between 1972 and 1981; at the time, was the longest single-span <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> in the world. It is, as of 2024, twelfth on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_suspension_bridge_spans" title="List of longest suspension bridge spans">list</a>.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> Before the bridge was built, those wishing to cross the Humber had to either take a <a href="/wiki/Humber_Ferry" title="Humber Ferry">Humber Ferry</a> or travel inland as far as <a href="/wiki/Goole" title="Goole">Goole</a>.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castle_Street,_Kingston_upon_Hull_(geograph_6836849).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Castle_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6836849%29.jpg/220px-Castle_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6836849%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Castle_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6836849%29.jpg/330px-Castle_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6836849%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Castle_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6836849%29.jpg/440px-Castle_Street%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6836849%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3425" data-file-height="1971" /></a><figcaption>Murdoch's Connection</figcaption></figure> In March 2021, a new <a href="/wiki/Footbridge" title="Footbridge">footbridge</a> was opened connecting the city to <a href="/wiki/Princes_Quay" title="Princes Quay">Princes Quay</a> waterfront, marina and fruit market over Castle Street, a <a href="/wiki/Dual_carriageway" title="Dual carriageway">dual carriageway</a> road also designated <a href="/wiki/A63_road" title="A63 road">A63</a>. Named Murdoch's Connection after Hull's first female doctor, GP <a href="/wiki/Mary_Murdoch_(Hull)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Murdoch (Hull)">Mary Murdoch</a>, the name was nominated by pupils from <a href="/wiki/Newland_School_for_Girls" title="Newland School for Girls">Newland School for Girls</a> in <a href="/wiki/Newland,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Newland, Kingston upon Hull">Newland</a>, Hull. Works began in autumn 2018 but progress was delayed due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">coronavirus pandemic</a>. There was no opening ceremony due to distancing restrictions; instead, videos were compiled.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a><a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> Members of the public have been requested not to attach <a href="/wiki/Love_lock" title="Love lock">love locks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Ports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeebrugge_Ferry_Berth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_428011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Zeebrugge_Ferry_Berth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_428011.jpg/220px-Zeebrugge_Ferry_Berth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_428011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Zeebrugge_Ferry_Berth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_428011.jpg/330px-Zeebrugge_Ferry_Berth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_428011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Zeebrugge_Ferry_Berth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_428011.jpg/440px-Zeebrugge_Ferry_Berth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_428011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Hull to Zeebrugge ferry at King George Dock</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Ferries" title="P&O Ferries">P&O Ferries</a> provide daily overnight ferry services from King George Dock in Hull to <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-hull-zeebrugge-343">[343]</a> Services to Rotterdam are worked by ferries MS <a href="/wiki/Pride_of_Rotterdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pride of Rotterdam">Pride of Rotterdam</a> and <a href="/wiki/MS_Pride_of_Hull" title="MS Pride of Hull">MS Pride of Hull</a>. Previous Services to Zeebrugge were worked by ferries MS <a href="/wiki/Pride_of_Bruges" title="Pride of Bruges">Pride of Bruges</a> and MS Pride of York (previously named <a href="/wiki/MS_GNV_Aries" title="MS GNV Aries">MS Norsea</a>). Both Pride of Rotterdam and Pride of Hull are too wide to pass through the lock at Hull. <a href="/wiki/Associated_British_Ports" title="Associated British Ports">Associated British Ports</a> built a new terminal at Hull to accommodate the passengers using these two ferries. The <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotterdam Terminal">Rotterdam Terminal</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hull" title="Port of Hull">Port of Hull</a>, was built at a cost of £14.3 million.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> In January 2021, <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Ferries" title="P&O Ferries">P&O Ferries</a> ceased their overnight ferry to Zeebrugge.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Airports">edit</a>]</div> The nearest airport is <a href="/wiki/Humberside_Airport" title="Humberside Airport">Humberside Airport</a>, 20 miles (32 km) away in <a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a>, which provides a few charter flights but also has high-frequency flights to Amsterdam with <a href="/wiki/KLM" title="KLM">KLM</a> and Aberdeen with <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Airways" title="Eastern Airways">Eastern Airways</a> each day. The nearest airport with intercontinental flights is <a href="/wiki/Leeds_Bradford_Airport" title="Leeds Bradford Airport">Leeds Bradford Airport</a> is 70 miles (110 km) away.<a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Cycling">edit</a>]</div> According to the 2001 census data cycling in the city is well above the national average of 2%, with a 12% share of the travel to work traffic.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> A report by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_East_London" title="University of East London">University of East London</a> in 2011 ranked Hull as the fourth-best cycling city in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Roads">edit</a>]</div> The main road into and out of Hull is the <a href="/wiki/M62_motorway" title="M62 motorway">M62 motorway</a>/<a href="/wiki/A63_road" title="A63 road">A63 road</a>, one of the main east–west routes in <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a>. It provides a link to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, as well as the rest of the country via the UK motorway network. The motorway itself ends some distance from the city; the rest of the route is along the A63 dual carriageway. This east–west route forms a small part of the <a href="/wiki/European_route_E20" title="European route E20">European road route E20</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> Road transport in Hull suffers from delays caused both by the many bridges over the navigable River Hull, which bisects the city and can cause disruption at busy times. The city has three railway <a href="/wiki/Level_crossing" title="Level crossing">level crossings</a> in the city; it formerly had more with bridges built to go over the tracks on <a href="/wiki/Hessle" title="Hessle">Hessle</a> Road in 1962<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anlaby" title="Anlaby">Anlaby</a> Road in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a> A nearby road was renamed from Garrison Road to <a href="/wiki/A63_road#Roger_Millward_Way" title="A63 road">Roger Millward Way</a> in 2018, after rugby player <a href="/wiki/Roger_Millward" title="Roger Millward">Roger Millward</a> who played for <a href="/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers" title="Hull Kingston Rovers">Hull Kingston Rovers</a>. The developments are part of a wider improvement and redevelopment scheme.<a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telephone_system">Telephone system</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Telephone system">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hull_telephone_box_(27857173504).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hull_telephone_box_%2827857173504%29.jpg/220px-Hull_telephone_box_%2827857173504%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hull_telephone_box_%2827857173504%29.jpg/330px-Hull_telephone_box_%2827857173504%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Hull_telephone_box_%2827857173504%29.jpg/440px-Hull_telephone_box_%2827857173504%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="2843" /></a><figcaption>A Hull <a href="/wiki/Red_telephone_box#K6" title="Red telephone box">K6</a> telephone box</figcaption></figure> Hull is the only city in the UK with its own independent telephone network company, KCOM, formerly KC and Kingston Communications, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/KCOM_Group" title="KCOM Group">KCOM Group</a>. Its distinctive cream <a href="/wiki/Telephone_booth" title="Telephone booth">telephone boxes</a> can be seen across the city. KCOM produces its own 'White Pages' telephone directory for Hull and the wider KC area. Colour Pages is KCOM's business directory, the counterpart to <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Pages" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Pages">Yellow Pages</a>. The company was formed in 1902 as a municipal department by the City Council and is an early example of municipal enterprise. It remains the only locally operated telephone company in the UK, although it is now privatised. KCOM's Internet brands are Karoo Broadband (ISP serving Hull) and Eclipse (national ISP).<a href="#cite_note-355">[355]</a> Initially Hull City Council retained a 44.9 per cent interest in the company and used the proceeds from the sale of shares to fund the city's sports venue, the MKM Stadium, among other things.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> On 24 May 2007 it sold its remaining stake in the company for over £107 million.<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> KCOM (Kingston Communications) was one of the first telecoms operators in Europe to offer <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_Digital_Subscriber_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line">ADSL</a> to business users, and the first in the world to run an interactive television service using ADSL, known as Kingston Interactive TV (KiT), which has since been discontinued due to financial problems.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> In the last decade, the KCOM Group has expanded beyond Hull and diversified its service portfolio to become a nationwide provider of telephone, television, and Internet access services, having close to 180,000 customers projected for 2007.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> After its ambitious programme of expansion, KCOM has struggled in recent years and now has partnerships with other telecommunications firms such as BT who are contracted to manage its national infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> Telephone House, on Carr Lane, the firm's 1960s-built headquarters, in stark modernist style, is a local landmark. In October 2019, Hull became the first UK city to have full fibre broadband available for all residents.<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydraulic_power">Hydraulic power</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Hydraulic power">edit</a>]</div> The first public <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_power_network" title="Hydraulic power network">hydraulic power network</a>, supplying many companies, was constructed in Hull. The <a href="/wiki/Hull_Hydraulic_Power_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Hull Hydraulic Power Company">Hull Hydraulic Power Company</a> began operation in 1877, with <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Ellington" title="Edward B. Ellington">Edward B. Ellington</a> as its engineer and the main pumping station (now a Grade II listed building) in Catherine Street.<a href="#cite_note-BritishListedBuildings-362">[362]</a> Ellington was involved in most British networks, including those in London, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, but the advent of electrical power combined with wartime damage meant the Hull company was wound up in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_services">Public services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Public services">edit</a>]</div> Policing in Kingston upon Hull is provided by <a href="/wiki/Humberside_Police" title="Humberside Police">Humberside Police</a>. In October 2006 the force was named (jointly with <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Police" title="Northamptonshire Police">Northamptonshire Police</a>) as the worst-performing police force in the United Kingdom, based on data released from the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>.<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> However, after a year of "major improvements", the Home Office list released in October 2007 shows the force rising several places (although still among the bottom six of 43 forces rated). Humberside Police received ratings of "good" or "fair" in most categories.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hull_(HM_Prison)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hull (HM Prison)">HM Prison Hull</a> is located in the city and is operated by <a href="/wiki/HM_Prison_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Prison Service">HM Prison Service</a>. It caters for up to 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Prison_security_categories_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Prison security categories in the United Kingdom">Category B/C</a> adult male prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-hm_prisons-366">[366]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fire_service_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire service in the United Kingdom">Statutory emergency fire and rescue service</a> is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Humberside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Humberside Fire and Rescue Service">Humberside Fire and Rescue Service</a>, which has its headquarters near Hessle and five fire stations in Hull. This service was formed in 1974 following local government reorganisation from the amalgamation of the East Riding of Yorkshire County Fire Service, Grimsby Borough Fire and Rescue Service, Kingston Upon Hull City Fire Brigade and part of the Lincoln (Lindsey) Fire Brigade and a small part of the West Riding of Yorkshire County Fire and Rescue Service.<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hull_and_East_Yorkshire_Hospitals_NHS_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust">Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust</a> provides healthcare from three sites, <a href="/wiki/Hull_Royal_Infirmary" title="Hull Royal Infirmary">Hull Royal Infirmary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_Hospital" title="Castle Hill Hospital">Castle Hill Hospital</a> and, until 2008, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Royal_Hospital,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Princess Royal Hospital, Kingston upon Hull">Princess Royal Hospital</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> and there are several private hospitals including ones run by <a href="/wiki/BUPA" class="mw-redirect" title="BUPA">BUPA</a> and Nuffield Hospitals.<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Ambulance_Service" title="Yorkshire Ambulance Service">Yorkshire Ambulance Service</a> provides emergency patient transport.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> NHS primary health care services are commissioned by the Hull <a href="/wiki/Clinical_Commissioning_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical Commissioning Group">Clinical Commissioning Group</a> and are provided at several smaller clinics and <a href="/wiki/General_practitioner" title="General practitioner">general practitioner</a> surgeries across the city.<a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> NHS Mental health services in Hull are provided by Humber NHS Foundation Trust. It runs a <a href="/wiki/Memory_clinic" title="Memory clinic">memory clinic</a> in Coltman Street, west Hull designed to help older people with early onset <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> <a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a> is co-ordinated by the local authority. The <a href="/wiki/Waste_Recycling_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste Recycling Group">Waste Recycling Group</a> is a company which works in partnership with the Hull City and East Riding of Yorkshire councils to deal with the waste produced by residents.<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> The company plans to build an energy from waste plant at <a href="/wiki/Salt_End" title="Salt End">Salt End</a> to deal with 240,000 tonnes of rubbish and put waste to a productive use by providing power for the equivalent of 20,000 houses. Hull's <a href="/wiki/Distribution_network_operator" title="Distribution network operator">distribution network operator</a> for electricity is <a href="/wiki/CE_Electric_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="CE Electric UK">CE Electric UK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Electricity" title="Yorkshire Electricity">YEDL</a>); there are no <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">power stations</a> in the city. <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Water" title="Yorkshire Water">Yorkshire Water</a> manages Hull's <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waste_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste water">waste water</a>. Drinking water is provided by boreholes and aquifers in the East Riding of Yorkshire, and it is abstracted from the River Hull at <a href="/wiki/Tophill_Low" title="Tophill Low">Tophill Low</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Hutton_Cranswick" title="Hutton Cranswick">Hutton Cranswick</a>. Should either supply experience difficulty meeting demand, water abstracted from the <a href="/wiki/River_Derwent,_Yorkshire" title="River Derwent, Yorkshire">River Derwent</a><a href="#cite_note-Factfile-374">[374]</a> at both <a href="/wiki/Elvington,_City_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Elvington, City of York">Elvington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loftsome_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Loftsome Bridge">Loftsome Bridge</a> can be moved to Hull via the Yorkshire water grid. There are many reservoirs in the area for storage of potable and non-potable water. Waste water and sewage has to be transported in a wholly pumped system because of the flat nature of the terrain to a <a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">sewage</a> treatment works at Salt End. The treatment works is partly powered by both a <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbine</a><a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">biogas</a> <a href="/wiki/Cogeneration" title="Cogeneration">CHP</a> engine.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Education in Kingston upon Hull">Education in Kingston upon Hull</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools in Hull">List of schools in Hull</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Higher education">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="University_of_Hull">University of Hull</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: University of Hull">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cottingham_Road,_Kingston_upon_Hull_(geograph_3804127).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cottingham_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_3804127%29.jpg/220px-Cottingham_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_3804127%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cottingham_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_3804127%29.jpg/330px-Cottingham_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_3804127%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Cottingham_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_3804127%29.jpg/440px-Cottingham_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_3804127%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2814" data-file-height="2110" /></a><figcaption>The Esk Building at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">University of Hull</a> campus on Cottingham Road</figcaption></figure> Kingston upon Hull is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">University of Hull</a>, which was founded in 1927<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a> and received its Royal Charter in 1954. It now has a total student population of around 20,000 across its main campuses in Hull and <a href="/wiki/Scarborough,_North_Yorkshire" title="Scarborough, North Yorkshire">Scarborough</a>.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> The main University campus is in North Hull, on Cottingham Road. Notable alumni include former Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a>, social scientist Lord <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Giddens" title="Anthony Giddens">Anthony Giddens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Hour" title="Woman's Hour">Woman's Hour</a> presenter and writer <a href="/wiki/Jenni_Murray" title="Jenni Murray">Jenni Murray</a>, Professor of Vaccinology at the University of Oxford and co-developer of the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine Dame <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a>, Nobel Prize laureate and Professor of Economics at <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Graduate_School_of_Business" title="Stanford Graduate School of Business">Stanford Graduate School of Business</a> <a href="/wiki/Guido_Imbens" title="Guido Imbens">Guido Imbens</a>, and the Oscar winning film director <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a>. The University of Hull is a partner in the new University Centre of the <a href="/wiki/Grimsby_Institute_of_Further_and_Higher_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Grimsby Institute of Further and Higher Education">Grimsby Institute of Further and Higher Education</a> (GIFE) being built in Grimsby, North Lincolnshire.<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="University_of_Lincoln">University of Lincoln</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: University of Lincoln">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lincoln" title="University of Lincoln">University of Lincoln</a> grew out of the University of Humberside, a former <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(United_Kingdom)" title="Polytechnic (United Kingdom)">polytechnic</a> based in Hull. In the 1990s the focus of the institution moved to nearby <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Lincolnshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire">Lincoln</a> and the administrative headquarters and management moved in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-u_of_l-380">[380]</a> The University of Lincoln has retained a campus in George Street in Hull city centre whilst Hull University purchased the adjacent University of Lincoln campus site on Cottingham Road.<a href="#cite_note-u_of_l_campuses-381">[381]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specialist">Specialist</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Specialist">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Hull_York_Medical_School" title="Hull York Medical School">Hull York Medical School</a> is a joint venture between the University of Hull and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">University of York</a>. It first admitted students in 2003 as a part of the British government's attempts to train more doctors.<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> The Northern Academy of Performing Arts<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a> and Northern Theatre School<a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a> both provide education in musical theatre, performance and dance. The <a href="/wiki/Hull_School_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Hull School of Art">Hull School of Art</a>, founded in 1861, is regarded nationally and internationally for its excellence as a specialist creative centre for higher education.<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges">Colleges</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Colleges">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saltshouse_Road,_Kingston_upon_Hull_(geograph_6365959).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Saltshouse_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6365959%29.jpg/220px-Saltshouse_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6365959%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Saltshouse_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6365959%29.jpg/330px-Saltshouse_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6365959%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Saltshouse_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6365959%29.jpg/440px-Saltshouse_Road%2C_Kingston_upon_Hull_%28geograph_6365959%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2479" data-file-height="1803" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_College" title="Wilberforce College">Wilberforce College</a></figcaption></figure> There is a <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> college, <a href="/wiki/Hull_College" title="Hull College">Hull College</a>,<a href="#cite_note-hull_college-386">[386]</a> and two large <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">sixth form colleges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyke_College" title="Wyke College">Wyke College</a><a href="#cite_note-wyke_college-387">[387]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_College" title="Wilberforce College">Wilberforce College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wilberforce_college-388">[388]</a> <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_College" title="East Riding College">East Riding College</a> operates a small adult education campus in the city,<a href="#cite_note-East_Riding_College-389">[389]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Learning_and_Skills_Centre" title="Endeavour Learning and Skills Centre">Endeavour Learning and Skills Centre</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Adult_education" title="Adult education">adult education</a> provision operated by <a href="/wiki/HCC_Training" title="HCC Training">Hull Training & Adult Education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Schools">edit</a>]</div> Hull has over <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools in Hull">100 local schools</a>; of these, Hull City Council supports 14 secondary and 71 primary schools.<a href="#cite_note-hcc_schools-391">[391]</a> The highest achieving state school in Hull is <a href="/wiki/Malet_Lambert_School" title="Malet Lambert School">Malet Lambert School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a> Schools which are independent of the City Council include <a href="/wiki/Hymers_College" title="Hymers College">Hymers College</a><a href="#cite_note-hymers-393">[393]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tranby_School" title="Tranby School">Tranby School</a>. The latter, which is run by the United Church Schools Trust, was formed by the merging of Hull Grammar School and Hull High School.<a href="#cite_note-hcs-394">[394]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hull_Trinity_House_Academy" title="Hull Trinity House Academy">Hull Trinity House Academy</a> has been offering pre-sea training to prospective mariners since 1787,<a href="#cite_note-trinity_house_school-395">[395]</a> which was a boys only school until September 2022, when it began to admit girls.<a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a> This left <a href="/wiki/Newland_School_for_Girls" title="Newland School for Girls">Newland School for Girls</a> the only single-sex school in the city. The city has had a poor examination success rate for many years and is often at the bottom of government GCSE league tables.<a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a><a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a> In 2007 the city moved off the bottom of these tables for pupils who achieve five A* to C grades, including English and Maths, at <a href="/wiki/General_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="General Certificate of Secondary Education">General Certificate of Secondary Education</a> by just one place when it came 149th out of 150 local education authorities. However, the improvement rate of 4.1 per cent, from 25.9 per cent in 2006 to 30 per cent in summer 2007, was among the best in the country.<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> They returned to the bottom of the table in 2008 when 29.3 per cent achieved five A* to C grades which is well below the national average of 47.2 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> There are insufficient places in referral units for school children with special needs or challenging behaviour due to squeezed budgets and cuts to children's services.<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialect_and_accent">Dialect and accent</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Dialect and accent">edit</a>]</div> The local <a href="/wiki/Accent_(dialect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Accent (dialect)">accent</a> is quite distinctive and noticeably different from the rest of the East Riding; however it is still categorised among <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_dialect_and_accent" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire dialect and accent">Yorkshire accents</a>. The most notable feature of the accent is the strong <a href="/wiki/I-mutation" title="I-mutation">I-mutation</a><a href="#cite_note-402">[402]</a> in words like goat, which is [ˈɡəʊt] in <a href="/wiki/Standard_English" title="Standard English">standard English</a> and [ˈɡoːt] across most of Yorkshire, becomes [ˈɡɵːʔt̚ ] ("gert") in and around parts of Hull (cf. similar refined pronunciations in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>/<a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>), although there is variation across areas and generations.<a href="#cite_note-BBCHull-403">[403]</a> In common with much of England (outside of the far north), another feature is dropping the H from the start of words, for example Hull is more often pronounced 'Ull in the city. The vowel in "Hull" is pronounced the same way as in northern English, however, and not as the very short /ʊ/ that exists in Lincolnshire. Though the rhythm of the accent is more like that of northern Lincolnshire than that of the rural East Riding, which is perhaps due to migration from Lincolnshire to the city during its industrial growth, one feature that it does share with the surrounding rural area is that an /aɪ/ sound in the middle of a word often becomes an /ɑː/: for example, "five" may sound like "fahve", "time" like "tahme".<a href="#cite_note-404">[404]</a> The <a href="/wiki/English-language_vowel_changes_before_historic_/r/#Square–nurse_merger" title="English-language vowel changes before historic /r/">SQUARE–NURSE</a> merger is a feature of Hull's dialect.<a href="#cite_note-405">[405]</a><a href="#cite_note-406">[406]</a> The vowel sound in words such as burnt, nurse, first is pronounced with an /ɛ/ sound, as is also heard in <a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough" title="Middlesbrough">Middlesbrough</a> and in areas of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> yet this sound is very uncommon in most of Yorkshire. The word pairs spur/spare and fur/fair illustrate this.<a href="#cite_note-407">[407]</a> The generational and/or geographic variation can be heard in word pairs like pork/poke or cork/coke, or hall/hole, which some people pronounce almost identically, sounding to non-locals like they are using the second of the two variations – while others make more of a vocal distinction; anyone called "Paul" (for example) soon becomes aware of this (pall/pole).<a href="#cite_note-BBCHull-403">[403]</a><a href="#cite_note-408">[408]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="List of people from Kingston upon Hull">List of people from Kingston upon Hull</a></div> <dl><dd>Most of the notable people associated with the city can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Category:People from Kingston upon Hull">People from Kingston upon Hull</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_the_University_of_Hull" title="Category:People associated with the University of Hull">People associated with the University of Hull</a> categories.</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:052-SFEC-HULL-20070329-WILBERFORCE.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/052-SFEC-HULL-20070329-WILBERFORCE.JPG/170px-052-SFEC-HULL-20070329-WILBERFORCE.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/052-SFEC-HULL-20070329-WILBERFORCE.JPG/255px-052-SFEC-HULL-20070329-WILBERFORCE.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/052-SFEC-HULL-20070329-WILBERFORCE.JPG/340px-052-SFEC-HULL-20070329-WILBERFORCE.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a>, Wilberforce House, Hull</figcaption></figure> People from Hull are called "Hullensians"<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a> and the city has been the birthplace and home to many notable people. Amongst those of historic significance with a connection to Hull are former city MP <a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a> who was instrumental in the abolition of slavery<a href="#cite_note-WW-68">[68]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amy_Johnson" title="Amy Johnson">Amy Johnson</a>, aviator who was the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia.<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a> Entertainers from the city include; <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Mackaill" title="Dorothy Mackaill">Dorothy Mackaill</a>, 1950s singer <a href="/wiki/David_Whitfield" title="David Whitfield">David Whitfield</a>, sports commentator <a href="/wiki/Tony_Green" title="Tony Green">Tony Green</a>, actors Sir <a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Tom Courtenay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ian_Carmichael" title="Ian Carmichael">Ian Carmichael</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Alderton" title="John Alderton">John Alderton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a> actress <a href="/wiki/Maureen_Lipman" title="Maureen Lipman">Maureen Lipman</a><a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reece_Shearsmith" title="Reece Shearsmith">Reece Shearsmith</a>. Playwrights <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bean" title="Richard Bean">Richard Bean</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Godber" title="John Godber">John Godber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Plater" title="Alan Plater">Alan Plater</a> have close connections with Hull.<a href="#cite_note-Truck-Godber-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a><a href="#cite_note-414">[414]</a> Musicians associated with Hull include <a href="/wiki/Paul_Heaton" title="Paul Heaton">Paul Heaton</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Housemartins" title="The Housemartins">The Housemartins</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Beautiful_South" title="The Beautiful South">The Beautiful South</a>,<a href="#cite_note-heaton-257">[257]</a> guitarist <a href="/wiki/Mick_Ronson" title="Mick Ronson">Mick Ronson</a> and bassist <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Bolder" title="Trevor Bolder">Trevor Bolder</a>, who worked with <a href="/wiki/David_Bowie" title="David Bowie">David Bowie</a>, and more recently 2000s indie band <a href="/wiki/The_Paddingtons" title="The Paddingtons">The Paddingtons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-415">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a> The astrophysicist <a href="/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Milne" title="Edward Arthur Milne">Edward Arthur Milne</a> and logician <a href="/wiki/John_Venn" title="John Venn">John Venn</a> both hailed from Hull. The poet <a href="/wiki/Philip_Larkin" title="Philip Larkin">Philip Larkin</a> lived in Hull for 30 years and wrote much of his mature work in the city. An earlier poet, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Marvell" title="Andrew Marvell">Andrew Marvell</a> represented the city in Parliament during the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a> Artist <a href="/wiki/David_Remfry" title="David Remfry">David Remfry</a> RA studied at Hull College of Art before moving to London and New York.<a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a> Chemist <a href="/wiki/George_William_Gray" class="mw-redirect" title="George William Gray">George Gray</a>, who had a 45-year career at the university, developed the first stable <a href="/wiki/Liquid_crystal" title="Liquid crystal">liquid crystals</a> that became an immediate success for the screens of all sorts of electronic gadgets. Notable sportspeople include <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Cobb_Morley" title="Ebenezer Cobb Morley">Ebenezer Cobb Morley</a> (16 August 1831 – 20 November 1924), an English sportsman who is regarded as the father of the Football Association and modern football.<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> <a href="/wiki/Clive_Sullivan" title="Clive Sullivan">Clive Sullivan</a>, rugby league player, who played for both of Hull's professional rugby league teams, was the first black Briton to captain any national representative team.<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a> The main A63 road into the city from the <a href="/wiki/Humber_Bridge" title="Humber Bridge">Humber Bridge</a> is named after him (Clive Sullivan Way). <a href="/wiki/Nick_Barmby" title="Nick Barmby">Nick Barmby</a> played for Tottenham Hotspur, Middlesbrough, Everton, Liverpool, and Leeds United before returning to play for his hometown club Hull City. He also won 23 England caps and played in the famous 5–1 victory over Germany in 2001. Another footballer is <a href="/wiki/Dean_Windass" title="Dean Windass">Dean Windass</a>, who had two spells with Hull City.<a href="#cite_note-taylor-421">[421]</a> Hull-born <a href="/wiki/Karl_Bushby" title="Karl Bushby">Karl Bushby</a> is a British author and ex-paratrooper, walking from <a href="/wiki/Punta_Arenas" title="Punta Arenas">Punta Arenas</a> to Hull.<a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a> On accepting a <a href="/wiki/Peerage" title="Peerage">peerage</a>, Welsh-born Baron Prescott of Kingston-upon-Hull (former MP and Deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a>) took his title from his adopted home city of Hull.<a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: International relations">edit</a>]</div> Hull has formal <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinning</a> arrangements with<a href="#cite_note-sister_cities-424">[424]</a><a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a>, Moldova</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a>, Sierra Leone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengtai,_Beijing" title="Fengtai, Beijing">Fengtai, Beijing</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niigata,_Niigata" class="mw-redirect" title="Niigata, Niigata">Niigata</a>, Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh,_North_Carolina" title="Raleigh, North Carolina">Raleigh, North Carolina</a>, United States</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a>, Iceland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, Netherlands</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, Poland<a href="#cite_note-Szczecin_twinnings-426">[426]</a></li></ul> The following cities are named directly after Hull: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hull,_Massachusetts" title="Hull, Massachusetts">Hull, Massachusetts</a>, United States<a href="#cite_note-hull_mass-427">[427]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull,_Quebec" title="Hull, Quebec">Hull, Quebec</a>, Canada<a href="#cite_note-hull_quebec-428">[428]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_City">Freedom of the City</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Freedom of the City">edit</a>]</div> The following people and military units have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the City</a> of Kingston upon Hull. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (September 2019)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Individuals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a>: 2 July 1987.<a href="#cite_note-Freemen-429">[429]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Suzman" title="Helen Suzman">Helen Suzman</a>: 2 July 1987.<a href="#cite_note-Freemen-429">[429]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>: 2 July 1987.<a href="#cite_note-Freemen-429">[429]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a>: 1 August 1996.<a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_McNamara_(politician)" title="Kevin McNamara (politician)">Kevin McNamara</a>: 16 January 1997.<a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a></li> <li>Jean Bishop – "Bee Lady": 23 November 2017.<a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Courtenay" title="Tom Courtenay">Sir Thomas Courtenay</a>: 18 January 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Courteney-433">[433]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-434">[434]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Blenkinsop" title="Yvonne Blenkinsop">Yvonne Blenkinsop</a>: 15 November 2018.<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Thomas" title="Carol Thomas">Carol Thomas</a>: 22 September 2022.<a href="#cite_note-436">[436]</a></li> <li>Patrick Doyle: 17 November 2022.<a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a><a href="#cite_note-438">[438]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Military units">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/East_Yorkshire_Regiment" title="East Yorkshire Regiment">East Yorkshire Regiment</a>: 1 June 1944.<a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_Own_Regiment_of_Yorkshire" title="Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire">Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire</a>: 20 February 1959.<a href="#cite_note-440">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-YRH-441">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-442">[441]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Yorkshire Regiment">Yorkshire Regiment</a>: 16 November 2006.<a href="#cite_note-443">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-YRH-441">[440]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_East_Riding_Artillery_Volunteers" title="2nd East Riding Artillery Volunteers">440 (Humber) light Anti-Aircraft Regiment</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">TA</a>): 24 September 1960.<a href="#cite_note-444">[442]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_East_Riding_Artillery_Volunteers" title="2nd East Riding Artillery Volunteers">440 (Humber) light Anti-Aircraft Regiment</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Territorials</a>): 3 August 1967.<a href="#cite_note-445">[443]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Patrington" title="RAF Patrington">RAF Patrington</a>: 16 May 1970.<a href="#cite_note-446">[444]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/150_Regiment_RLC" title="150 Regiment RLC">150(N) Transport Regiment</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Transport" title="Royal Corps of Transport">Royal Corps of Transport</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Volunteers</a>): 1 February 1990.<a href="#cite_note-447">[445]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RRH_Staxton_Wold" title="RRH Staxton Wold">RRH Staxton Wold</a>: 3 March 1994.<a href="#cite_note-Roll_of_honour_to_be_extended-448">[446]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/150_Regiment_RLC" title="150 Regiment RLC">150 (Yorkshire) Transport Regiment</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Logistic_Corps" title="Royal Logistic Corps">Royal Logistic Corps</a> (<a href="/wiki/Army_Reserve_(United_Kingdom)" title="Army Reserve (United Kingdom)">Volunteers</a>): 3 March 1994.<a href="#cite_note-Roll_of_honour_to_be_extended-448">[446]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Iron_Duke_(F234)" title="HMS Iron Duke (F234)">HMS Iron Duke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">RN</a>: 3 March 1994.<a href="#cite_note-Roll_of_honour_to_be_extended-448">[446]</a><a href="#cite_note-449">[447]</a></li> <li>250th Field Ambulance (Volunteer Unit): 15 July 1999.<a href="#cite_note-450">[448]</a></li> <li>Hull Unit <a href="/wiki/Sea_Cadets_(United_Kingdom)" title="Sea Cadets (United Kingdom)">Sea Cadet Corps</a>: 27 February 2014.<a href="#cite_note-451">[449]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-434">[434]</a></li> <li>Humberside and South Yorkshire <a href="/wiki/Army_Cadet_Force" title="Army Cadet Force">Army Cadet Force</a>: 21 March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-Cadet_groups-452">[450]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cadets-453">[451]</a></li> <li>152 (City of Hull) Squadron <a href="/wiki/Air_Training_Corps" title="Air Training Corps">Air Training Corps</a>: 21 March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-Cadet_groups-452">[450]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cadets-453">[451]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-440"><a href="#cite_ref-440">^</a> Extended from <a href="/wiki/East_Yorkshire_Regiment" title="East Yorkshire Regiment">East Yorkshire Regiment</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-443"><a href="#cite_ref-443">^</a> Transferred from <a href="/wiki/East_Yorkshire_Regiment" title="East Yorkshire Regiment">East Yorkshire Regiment</a> via <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales%27s_Own_Regiment_of_Yorkshire" title="Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire">Prince of Wales's Own Regiment of Yorkshire</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg/32px-Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg/48px-Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg/64px-Flag_of_Yorkshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Yorkshire" title="Portal:Yorkshire">Yorkshire portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_churches_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Grade I listed churches in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Grade I listed churches in the East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Hull">History of the Jews in Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_triple_trawler_tragedy_(1968)" title="Hull triple trawler tragedy (1968)">Hull triple trawler tragedy (1968)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Green_Ginger" title="Land of Green Ginger">Land of Green Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jews_from_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="List of Jews from Kingston upon Hull">List of Jews from Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollits_LLP" title="Rollits LLP">Rollits LLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculcoates_power_station" title="Sculcoates power station">Sculcoates power station</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_2">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_1939a">a</a> There was no census in 1941: figures are from National Register. United Kingdom and Isle of Man. Statistics of Population on 29 September 1939 by Sex, Age and Marital Condition.</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_1991b">b</a> The Hull Daily Mail article indicates the 1991 population was 254,117.</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_2001c">c</a> There is a discrepancy of 6 between Office for National Statistics figures (quoted before) and those on the Vision of Britain website (quoted here).</dd> <dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><a href="#ref_2011d">d</a> The Hull Daily Mail article indicates the 2001 population was 246,355.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 26 March 2024. 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Retrieved 28 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historicengland.org.uk&rft.atitle=Hull+City+of+Culture+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fheritage-counts%2Fpub%2F2014%2Fcase-study-hull-city-of-culture-pdf%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DHull%2520has%2520been%2520named%2520by%2Crealm%2520infrastructure%2520on%2520the%2520way.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingston+upon+Hull" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/lifestyle/homes-and-gardens/hull-is-named-one-of-uks-most-up-and-coming-places-to-move-to-by-the-sunday-times-thanks-to-docklands-regeneration-4555756">"Hull is named one of UK's most 'up and coming' places to move to by The Sunday Times thanks to docklands regeneration"</a>. www.yorkshirepost.co.uk. Retrieved 28 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.yorkshirepost.co.uk&rft.atitle=Hull+is+named+one+of+UK%27s+most+%27up+and+coming%27+places+to+move+to+by+The+Sunday+Times+thanks+to+docklands+regeneration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirepost.co.uk%2Flifestyle%2Fhomes-and-gardens%2Fhull-is-named-one-of-uks-most-up-and-coming-places-to-move-to-by-the-sunday-times-thanks-to-docklands-regeneration-4555756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingston+upon+Hull" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070915121644/http://www.hull.ac.uk/wetlands/hull.htm">"Wetland Heritage of the Hull Valley"</a>. Wetland Archaeology and Environments Research Centre, Dept. of Geography, University of Hull. 16 February 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hull.ac.uk/wetlands/hull.htm">the original</a> on 15 September 2007. 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Hull City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cmis.hullcc.gov.uk/cmis/Document.ashx?czJKcaeAi5tUFL1DTL2UE4zNRBcoShgo=y7iUDwXTEvxcyS5NQJRCjlCE%2F0HOEIQgWDT%2BEq34g3jw9BBGKzwbcg%3D%3D&rUzwRPf%2BZ3zd4E7Ikn8Lyw%3D%3D=pwRE6AGJFLDNlh225F5QMaQWCtPHwdhUfCZ%2FLUQzgA2uL5jNRG4jdQ%3D%3D&mCTIbCubSFfXsDGW9IXnlg%3D%3D=jUgQCaU3L68%3D&kCx1AnS9%2FpWZQ40DXFvdEw%3D%3D=rpDUf1SX8bA%3D&uJovDxwdjMPoYv%2BAJvYtyA%3D%3D=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&FgPlIEJYlotS%2BYGoBi5olA%3D%3D=NHdURQburHA%3D&d9Qjj0ag1Pd993jsyOJqFvmyB7X0CSQK=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&WGewmoAfeNR9xqBux0r1Q8Za60lavYmz=ctNJFf55vVA%3D&WGewmoAfeNQ16B2MHuCpMRKZMwaG1PaO=ctNJFf55vVA%3D">the original</a> on 8 March 2021. 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Retrieved 6 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Cadet+groups+receive+freedom+of+city&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft.aulast=Hemmingham&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc4nv7g8jww7o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingston+upon+Hull" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cadets-453">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cadets_453-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cadets_453-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.hull.gov.uk/19/03/2024/cadets-to-receive-honorary-freedom-of-the-city/">"Cadets to receive Honorary Freedom of the City"</a>. Hull City Council. 19 March 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hull+City+Council&rft.atitle=Cadets+to+receive+Honorary+Freedom+of+the+City&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.hull.gov.uk%2F19%2F03%2F2024%2Fcadets-to-receive-honorary-freedom-of-the-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingston+upon+Hull" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Georgian Hull. William Sessions Ltd. 1979. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0900657436" title="Special:BookSources/978-0900657436"><bdi>978-0900657436</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georgian+Hull&rft.pub=William+Sessions+Ltd.&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0900657436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingston+upon+Hull" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">History of the Town and Port of Kingston upon Hull. Lightning Source UK Ltd. 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1241324797" title="Special:BookSources/978-1241324797"><bdi>978-1241324797</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Town+and+Port+of+Kingston+upon+Hull&rft.pub=Lightning+Source+UK+Ltd.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1241324797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingston+upon+Hull" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillettMacMahon1989" class="citation book cs1">Gillett, Edward; MacMahon, Kenneth A. (1989). A History of Hull. Hull University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0859584814" title="Special:BookSources/978-0859584814"><bdi>978-0859584814</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Hull&rft.pub=Hull+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0859584814&rft.aulast=Gillett&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=MacMahon%2C+Kenneth+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKingston+upon+Hull" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull#Q128147" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/">Hull City Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/hullcitycouncil">Hull City Council</a> on <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060203015238/http://prismdata.hullcc.gov.uk/">Hull City Council photo archive</a>—Wayback Machine version</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-24910316">"Hull's City of Culture bid film revealed to the public"</a> – <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> article, 12 November 2013</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140601063832/http://www.hullhistorycentre.org.uk/discover/hull_history_centre/about_us/historyofhull.aspx">Hull History Centre – A Brief History of Hull</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=East_Riding_of_Yorkshire&#124;link=East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Ceremonial_county_of_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Yorkshire" title="Template:East Yorkshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Yorkshire" title="Template talk:East Yorkshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Yorkshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Yorkshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=East_Riding_of_Yorkshire&#124;link=East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Ceremonial_county_of_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire"><img alt="East Riding of Yorkshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a> of <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Yorkshire" title="Portal:Yorkshire">Yorkshire Portal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory City Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hull_and_East_Yorkshire_Combined_Authority" title="Hull and East Yorkshire Combined Authority">Hull and East Yorkshire Combined Authority</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingston upon Hull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements (cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverley" title="Beverley">Beverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridlington" title="Bridlington">Bridlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brough,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Brough, East Riding of Yorkshire">Brough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottingham,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire">Cottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driffield" title="Driffield">Driffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goole" title="Goole">Goole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedon" title="Hedon">Hedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessle" title="Hessle">Hessle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornsea" title="Hornsea">Hornsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howden" title="Howden">Howden</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Weighton" title="Market Weighton">Market Weighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocklington" title="Pocklington">Pocklington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snaith" title="Snaith">Snaith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withernsea" title="Withernsea">Withernsea</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in East Riding of Yorkshire">List of civil parishes in East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aike_Beck" title="Aike Beck">Aike Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arram_Beck" title="Arram Beck">Arram Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Derwent,_Yorkshire" title="River Derwent, Yorkshire">Derwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Foulness" title="River Foulness">Foulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsey_Race" title="Gypsey Race">Gypsey Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedon_Haven" title="Hedon Haven">Hedon Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Hull" title="River Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber" title="Humber">Humber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ouse,_Yorkshire" title="River Ouse, Yorkshire">Ouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trent_Falls" title="Trent Falls">Trent Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Beck" title="West Beck">West Beck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Beck" title="Beverley Beck">Beverley Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driffield_Navigation" title="Driffield Navigation">Driffield Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leven_Canal" title="Leven Canal">Leven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Weighton_Canal" title="Market Weighton Canal">Market Weighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocklington_Canal" title="Pocklington Canal">Pocklington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Humberside" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Humberside">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places in East Riding of Yorkshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the East Riding of Yorkshire">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Category:Country houses in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Grade I listed buildings in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Grade II* listed buildings in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="History of the East Riding of Yorkshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="List of schools in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="List of museums in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="High Sheriff of the East Riding of Yorkshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monastic_houses_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="List of monastic houses in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Monastic houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_the_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="List of windmills in the East Riding of Yorkshire">Windmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Yorkshire" title="List of rivers of Yorkshire">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Kingston_upon_Hull,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Template:Kingston upon Hull"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Template talk:Kingston upon Hull"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kingston upon Hull"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Kingston_upon_Hull,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">City of Kingston upon Hull</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="List of areas in Kingston upon Hull">Areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anlaby_Park" title="Anlaby Park">Anlaby Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Avenues,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull">The Avenues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bransholme" title="Bransholme">Bransholme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairycoates" title="Dairycoates">Dairycoates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drypool" title="Drypool">Drypool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ella" title="East Ella">East Ella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_Village,_Kingston_upon_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="The Garden Village, Kingston upon Hull">Garden Village</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrison_Side&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garrison Side (page does not exist)">Garrison Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gipsyville" title="Gipsyville">Gipsyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greatfield_Estate,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Greatfield Estate, Kingston upon Hull">Greatfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglemire" title="Inglemire">Inglemire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingswood,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingswood, Kingston upon Hull">Kingswood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhill,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Longhill, Kingston upon Hull">Longhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marfleet" title="Marfleet">Marfleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newland,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Newland, Kingston upon Hull">Newland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newland_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Newland Park">Newland Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Carr,_Kingston_upon_Hull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Carr, Kingston upon Hull (page does not exist)">North Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Park_Estate" title="Orchard Park Estate">Orchard Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculcoates" title="Sculcoates">Sculcoates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southcoates" title="Southcoates">Southcoates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepney,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Stepney, Kingston upon Hull">Stepney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneferry" title="Stoneferry">Stoneferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summergangs,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Summergangs, Kingston upon Hull">Summergangs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Ings" title="Sutton Ings">Sutton Ings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton-on-Hull" title="Sutton-on-Hull">Sutton-on-Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_Dock_Village&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victoria Dock Village (page does not exist)">Victoria Dock Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Carr" title="West Carr">West Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Wilmington, Kingston upon Hull">Wilmington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#History">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Timeline of Kingston upon Hull">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilberforce" title="William Wilberforce">William Wilberforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_English_Civil_War" title="First English Civil War">First English Civil War</a></li> <li>Sieges of Hull <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hull_(1642)" title="Siege of Hull (1642)">1642</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hull_(1643)" title="Siege of Hull (1643)">1643</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_la_Pole_(Chief_Baron_of_the_Exchequer)" title="William de la Pole (Chief Baron of the Exchequer)">William de la Pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Hotham,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Hotham, 1st Baronet">John Hotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_Wars" title="Cod Wars">Cod Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Blitz" title="Hull Blitz">Hull Blitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaydes_House" title="Blaydes House">Blaydes House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_triple_trawler_tragedy_(1968)" title="Hull triple trawler tragedy (1968)">Triple trawler tragedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Castle" title="Hull Castle">Hull Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculcoates_power_station" title="Sculcoates power station">Sculcoates power station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="History of the Jews in Kingston upon Hull">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Government">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Hull City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Guildhall, Kingston upon Hull">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council#Wards" title="Hull City Council">Wards of Hull City Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_and_East_Yorkshire_Combined_Authority" title="Hull and East Yorkshire Combined Authority">Hull and East Yorkshire Combined Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Kingston upon Hull East (UK Parliament constituency)">Kingston upon Hull East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_North_and_Cottingham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Kingston upon Hull North and Cottingham (UK Parliament constituency)">Kingston upon Hull North and Cottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_West_and_Haltemprice_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Kingston upon Hull West and Haltemprice (UK Parliament constituency)">Kingston upon Hull West and Haltemprice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Kingston upon Hull North (UK Parliament constituency)">Kingston upon Hull North</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_West_and_Hessle_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Kingston upon Hull West and Hessle (UK Parliament constituency)">Kingston upon Hull West and Hessle</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberside_Police" title="Humberside Police">Humberside Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Humberside Fire and Rescue Service">Humberside Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberside" title="Humberside">Humberside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Economy">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Group" title="Comet Group">Comet Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KCOM_Group" title="KCOM Group">KCOM Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Quay" title="Princes Quay">Princes Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reckitt_and_Sons" title="Reckitt and Sons">Reckitt and Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Nephew" title="Smith & Nephew">Smith & Nephew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Stephen%27s_Hull" title="St Stephen's Hull">St Stephen's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Transport">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A63_road" title="A63 road">A63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Marina" title="Hull Marina">Hull Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Paragon_Interchange" title="Hull Paragon Interchange">Hull Paragon Interchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Trains" title="Hull Trains">Hull Trains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_Bridge" title="Humber Bridge">Humber Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberside_Airport" title="Humberside Airport">Humberside Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_City_Transport" title="Kingston upon Hull City Transport">Kingston upon Hull City Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Hull" title="Port of Hull">Port of Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scale_Lane_Footbridge" title="Scale Lane Footbridge">Scale Lane Footbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Trams in Kingston upon Hull">Trams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Trolleybuses in Kingston upon Hull">Trolleybuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wilson_Sons_%26_Co." title="Thomas Wilson Sons & Co.">Wilson Line of Hull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Education in Kingston upon Hull">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hull_College" title="Hull College">Hull College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Grammar_School" title="Hull Grammar School">Hull Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Royal_Infirmary" title="Hull Royal Infirmary">Hull Royal Infirmary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_School_of_Art_and_Design" title="Hull School of Art and Design">Hull School of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_University_Teaching_Hospitals_NHS_Trust" title="Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust">Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_York_Medical_School" title="Hull York Medical School">Hull York Medical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymers_College" title="Hymers College">Hymers College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="List of schools in Kingston upon Hull">List of schools in Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Hull" title="University of Hull">University of Hull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Church of England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Minster" title="Hull Minster">Hull Minster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Columba,_Kingston_upon_Hull" class="mw-redirect" title="St Columba, Kingston upon Hull">St Columba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Church,_Newland" title="St John's Church, Newland">St John's Church, Newland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Church,_Hull" title="St Mary's Church, Hull">St Mary's Church</a></li> <li>Roman Catholic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Charles_Borromeo,_Hull" title="St Charles Borromeo, Hull">St Charles Borromeo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Culture">Culture</a> and <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Sport">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Corsair" title="Arctic Corsair">Arctic Corsair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-op_Mosaic" title="Co-op Mosaic">Co-op Mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferens_Art_Gallery" title="Ferens Art Gallery">Ferens Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Festival,_Hull" title="Freedom Festival, Hull">Freedom Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasholme_Logboat" title="Hasholme Logboat">Hasholme Logboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Comedy_Festival" title="Hull Comedy Festival">Hull Comedy Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Fair" title="Hull Fair">Hull Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Maritime_Museum" title="Hull Maritime Museum">Hull Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_New_Theatre" title="Hull New Theatre">Hull New Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Hull Philharmonic Orchestra">Hull Philharmonic Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Truck_Theatre" title="Hull Truck Theatre">Hull Truck Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_UK_City_of_Culture_2017" title="Hull UK City of Culture 2017">Hull UK City of Culture 2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_Mouth" title="Humber Mouth">Humber Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_Street_Gallery" title="Humber Street Gallery">Humber Street Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larkin_25" title="Larkin 25">Larkin 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride_in_Hull" title="Pride in Hull">Pride in Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Gardens,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Queen's Gardens, Kingston upon Hull">Queen's Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spurn_Lightship" title="Spurn Lightship">Spurn Lightship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streetlife_Museum_of_Transport" title="Streetlife Museum of Transport">Streetlife Museum of Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Hull" title="Sea of Hull">Sea of Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Deep_(aquarium)" title="The Deep (aquarium)">The Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_House" title="Wilberforce House">Wilberforce House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connexin_Live_Arena" title="Connexin Live Arena">Connexin Live Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craven_Park,_Hull" title="Craven Park, Hull">Craven Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_A.F.C." title="Hull City A.F.C.">Hull City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_F.C." title="Hull F.C.">Hull F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_Kingston_Rovers" title="Hull Kingston Rovers">Hull Kingston Rovers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKM_Stadium" title="MKM Stadium">MKM Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Adelphi_Club" title="The New Adelphi Club">The New Adelphi Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anlaby_Road,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Anlaby Road, Kingston upon Hull">Anlaby Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Road" title="Beverley Road">Beverley Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Street,_Hull" title="High Street, Hull">High Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Green_Ginger" title="Land of Green Ginger">Land of Green Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Street,_Hull" title="Parliament Street, Hull">Parliament Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterngate,_Hull" title="Posterngate, Hull">Posterngate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Avenues,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull">The Avenues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefriargate" title="Whitefriargate">Whitefriargate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Hall" title="Hull City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull_Combined_Court_Centre" title="Kingston upon Hull Combined Court Centre">Combined Court Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_de_Grey,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Earl de Grey, Kingston upon Hull">Earl de Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Guildhall, Kingston upon Hull">Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Picture_Theatre,_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="National Picture Theatre, Kingston upon Hull">National Picture Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springhead_Pumping_Station" title="Springhead Pumping Station">Springhead Pumping Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Hull" title="River Hull">River Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber" title="Humber">Humber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_telephone_box#Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Red telephone box">Cream telephone box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="List of areas in Kingston upon Hull">Areas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Media">Media</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Parks_and_open_spaces">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Kingston_upon_Hull" title="List of people from Kingston upon Hull">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoon_Hull" title="Lagoon Hull">Lagoon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Hull_tidal_surge_barrier" title="River Hull tidal surge barrier">River Hull tidal surge barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Londesborough_Barracks" title="Londesborough Barracks">Londesborough Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenlock_Barracks" title="Wenlock Barracks">Wenlock Barracks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilberforce_Monument" title="Wilberforce Monument">Wilberforce Monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Category:Kingston upon Hull">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanseatic_League" title="Template talk:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> by quarter, and trading posts of the Hanseatic League</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Chief cities shown in smallcaps.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free Imperial Cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> shown in italics.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wendish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lübeck" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;;padding:0.75em 1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklam" title="Anklam">Anklam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demmin" title="Demmin">Demmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greifswald" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg">Kolberg (Kołobrzeg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg" title="Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%82owo" title="Darłowo">Rügenwalde (Darłowo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Stettin (Szczecin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Stolp (Słupsk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visby" title="Visby">Visby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/150px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/225px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/300px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="603" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/150px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/225px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/300px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2996" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="BrunswickMagdeburg" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Brunswick</a> <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt an der Oder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baltic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Danzig(Gdańsk)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Danzig (Gdańsk)</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau (Wrocław)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Dorpat (Tartu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbing (Elbląg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Cracow (Kraków)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Reval (Tallinn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga (Rīga)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Thorn (Toruń)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westphalian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cologne_1Dortmund_1" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> 1 <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> 1</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deventer" title="Deventer">Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampen,_Overijssel" title="Kampen, Overijssel">Kampen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zutphen" title="Zutphen">Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwolle" title="Zwolle">Zwolle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><hr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kontor" title="Kontor">Kontore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryggen" title="Bryggen">Bryggen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontor_of_Bruges" title="Kontor of Bruges">Kontor of Bruges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>2 </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelyard" title="Steelyard">Steelyard</a> (<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterhof_(Novgorod)" title="Peterhof (Novgorod)">Peterhof</a> (<a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vitten</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falsterbo" title="Falsterbo">Falsterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">Bishop's Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ipswich" title="Port of Ipswich">Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov_Republic" title="Pskov Republic">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Yarmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1 <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> were both chief city of the Westphalian Quarter at different times.</li><li>2 The kontor was moved to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> once <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a> became inaccessible due to the silting of the <a href="/wiki/Zwin" title="Zwin">Zwin</a> channel.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_cities" title="Template:UK cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_cities" title="Template talk:UK cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_Kingdom&#124;link=United_Kingdom_Cities_of_the_United_Kingdom_and_overseas_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">Cities of the</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and overseas territories</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Canterbury" title="City of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle" title="Carlisle">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Chelmsford" title="City of Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester" title="Chichester">Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester" title="Colchester">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Cambridgeshire" title="Ely, Cambridgeshire">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester" title="Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford" title="Hereford">Hereford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Lancaster" title="City of Lancaster">Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichfield" title="Lichfield">Lichfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich" title="Norwich">Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Preston,_Lancashire" title="City of Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon" title="Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_City_and_District" class="mw-redirect" title="St Albans City and District">St Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea" title="Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sunderland" title="City of Sunderland">Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro" title="Truro">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells,_Somerset" title="Wells, Somerset">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Winchester" title="City of Winchester">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundee" title="Dundee">Dundee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunfermline" title="Dunfermline">Dunfermline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverness" title="Inverness">Inverness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth,_Scotland" title="Perth, Scotland">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling" title="Stirling">Stirling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/46px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /> <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_Gwynedd" title="Bangor, Gwynedd">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Asaph" title="St Asaph">St Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids" title="St Davids">St Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armagh" title="Armagh">Armagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor,_County_Down" title="Bangor, County Down">Bangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry" title="Derry">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisburn" title="Lisburn">Lisburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newry" title="Newry">Newry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory#United_Kingdom" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="British_overseas_cities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_overseas_cities" title="British overseas cities">British overseas cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_districts_2011_map.svg/175px-Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_districts_2011_map.svg/263px-Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_districts_2011_map.svg/350px-Yorkshire_and_the_Humber_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1212" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_(district)" title="North Yorkshire (district)">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorkshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Barnsley" title="Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley">Barnsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Doncaster" title="City of Doncaster">Doncaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rotherham" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham">Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sheffield" title="City of Sheffield">Sheffield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Bradford" title="City of Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderdale" title="Calderdale">Calderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirklees" title="Kirklees">Kirklees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Leeds" title="City of Leeds">Leeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Wakefield" title="City of Wakefield">Wakefield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingston upon Hull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unitary_authorities_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Template talk:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unitary authorities of England"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unitary_authorities_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">Unitary authorities of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset" title="Bath and North East Somerset">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Bedford" title="Borough of Bedford">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen" title="Blackburn with Darwen">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Blackpool" title="Borough of Blackpool">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest" title="Bracknell Forest">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_(district)" title="Buckinghamshire (district)">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire" title="Central Bedfordshire">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East" title="Cheshire East">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester" title="Cheshire West and Chester">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_(district)" title="County Durham (district)">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland (district)">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Darlington" title="Borough of Darlington">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_(district)" title="Dorset (district)">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="East Riding of Yorkshire">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Halton" title="Borough of Halton">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Hartlepool" title="Borough of Hartlepool">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire" title="Herefordshire">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway" title="Medway">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Middlesbrough" title="Borough of Middlesbrough">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Milton_Keynes" title="City of Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire" title="North East Lincolnshire">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire" title="North Lincolnshire">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset" title="North Somerset">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_(district)" title="North Yorkshire (district)">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Peterborough" title="City of Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland" title="Redcar and Cleveland">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_(district)" title="Shropshire (district)">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Slough" title="Borough of Slough">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset" title="Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Southend-on-Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Southend-on-Sea">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire" title="South Gloucestershire">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Stockton-on-Tees" title="Borough of Stockton-on-Tees">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Swindon" title="Borough of Swindon">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin" title="Telford and Wrekin">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock" title="Thurrock">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Warrington" title="Borough of Warrington">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire" title="West Berkshire">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness" title="Westmorland and Furness">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_(district)" title="Wiltshire (district)">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Borough_of_Windsor_and_Maidenhead" title="Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wokingham" title="Borough of Wokingham">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/125px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/188px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg/250px-English_unitary_authorities_map_2023.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1345" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Councils</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council" title="Bedford Borough Council">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Council" title="Blackpool Council">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Council" title="Bracknell Forest Council">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council" title="Brighton and Hove City Council">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council" title="Bristol City Council">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council" title="Buckinghamshire Council">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council" title="Central Bedfordshire Council">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council" title="Cheshire East Council">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council" title="Cornwall Council">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="County Durham Council">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council" title="Cumberland Council">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Darlington Borough Council">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council" title="Derby City Council">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_(UK)" title="Dorset Council (UK)">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council" title="Halton Borough Council">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Hartlepool Borough Council">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council" title="Herefordshire Council">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council" title="Isle of Wight Council">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council" title="Hull City Council">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council" title="Leicester City Council">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council" title="Luton Borough Council">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council" title="Medway Council">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council" title="Middlesbrough Council">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_City_Council" title="Milton Keynes City Council">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North East Lincolnshire Council">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council" title="North Lincolnshire Council">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Northamptonshire Council">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council" title="North Somerset Council">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council" title="North Yorkshire Council">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council" title="Northumberland County Council">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council" title="Nottingham City Council">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council" title="Peterborough City Council">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council" title="Plymouth City Council">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council" title="Portsmouth City Council">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council" title="Reading Borough Council">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council" title="Rutland County Council">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council" title="Shropshire Council">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council" title="Slough Borough Council">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Council" title="Somerset Council">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council" title="Southampton City Council">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council" title="South Gloucestershire Council">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council" title="Swindon Borough Council">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council" title="Telford and Wrekin Council">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council" title="Thurrock Council">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council" title="Torbay Council">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council" title="Warrington Borough Council">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council" title="West Berkshire Council">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council" title="Westmorland and Furness Council">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="West Northamptonshire Council">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council" title="Wiltshire Council">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_and_Maidenhead_Borough_Council" title="Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council">Windsor and Maidenhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wokingham_Borough_Council" title="Wokingham Borough Council">Wokingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_York_Council" title="City of York Council">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath_and_North_East_Somerset_Council_elections" title="Bath and North East Somerset Council elections">Bath and North East Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bedford Borough Council elections">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_with_Darwen_Borough_Council_elections" title="Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council elections">Blackburn with Darwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackpool_Borough_Council_elections" title="Blackpool Borough Council elections">Blackpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournemouth,_Christchurch_and_Poole_Council_elections" title="Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council elections">Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracknell_Forest_Borough_Council_elections" title="Bracknell Forest Borough Council elections">Bracknell Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove_City_Council_elections" title="Brighton and Hove City Council elections">Brighton and Hove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_City_Council_elections" title="Bristol City Council elections">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Council_elections" title="Buckinghamshire Council elections">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bedfordshire_Council_elections" title="Central Bedfordshire Council elections">Central Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_East_Council_elections" title="Cheshire East Council elections">Cheshire East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_West_and_Chester_Council_elections" title="Cheshire West and Chester Council elections">Cheshire West and Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Council_elections" title="Cornwall Council elections">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_County_Council_elections" title="Durham County Council elections">County Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Council_elections" title="Cumberland Council elections">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlington_Borough_Council_elections" title="Darlington Borough Council elections">Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby_City_Council_elections" title="Derby City Council elections">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Council_elections" title="Dorset Council elections">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riding_of_Yorkshire_Council_elections" title="East Riding of Yorkshire Council elections">East Riding of Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Halton Borough Council elections">Halton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartlepool_Borough_Council_elections" title="Hartlepool Borough Council elections">Hartlepool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herefordshire_Council_elections" title="Herefordshire Council elections">Herefordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight_Council_elections" title="Isle of Wight Council elections">Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Isles_of_Scilly_elections" title="Council of the Isles of Scilly elections">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_City_Council_elections" title="Hull City Council elections">Kingston upon Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester_City_Council_elections" title="Leicester City Council elections">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Borough_Council_elections" title="Luton Borough Council elections">Luton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway_Council_elections" title="Medway Council elections">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesbrough_Council_elections" title="Middlesbrough Council elections">Middlesbrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton Keynes Council elections">Milton Keynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Lincolnshire_Council_elections" title="North East Lincolnshire Council elections">North East Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lincolnshire_Council_elections" title="North Lincolnshire Council elections">North Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire_Council_elections" title="North Northamptonshire Council elections">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Somerset_Council_elections" title="North Somerset Council elections">North Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Council_elections" title="North Yorkshire Council elections">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_County_Council_elections" title="Northumberland County Council elections">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_City_Council_elections" title="Nottingham City Council elections">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough_City_Council_elections" title="Peterborough City Council elections">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_City_Council_elections" title="Plymouth City Council elections">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Council_elections" title="Portsmouth City Council elections">Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Borough_Council_elections" title="Reading Borough Council elections">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redcar_and_Cleveland_Borough_Council_elections" title="Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council elections">Redcar and Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County_Council_elections" title="Rutland County Council elections">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Council_elections" title="Shropshire Council elections">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slough_Borough_Council_elections" title="Slough Borough Council elections">Slough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_County_Council_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Somerset County Council elections">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_City_Council_elections" title="Southampton City Council elections">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southend-on-Sea_City_Council_elections" title="Southend-on-Sea City Council elections">Southend-on-Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Gloucestershire_Council_elections" title="South Gloucestershire Council elections">South Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockton-on-Tees_Borough_Council_elections" title="Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council elections">Stockton-on-Tees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent_City_Council_elections" title="Stoke-on-Trent City Council elections">Stoke-on-Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council_elections" title="Swindon Borough Council elections">Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telford_and_Wrekin_Council_elections" title="Telford and Wrekin Council elections">Telford and Wrekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurrock_Council_elections" title="Thurrock Council elections">Thurrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbay_Council_elections" title="Torbay Council elections">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrington_Borough_Council_elections" title="Warrington Borough Council elections">Warrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Berkshire_Council_elections" title="West Berkshire Council elections">West Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland_and_Furness_Council_elections" title="Westmorland and Furness Council elections">Westmorland and Furness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Council_elections" title="West Northamptonshire Council elections">West Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_Council_elections" title="Wiltshire Council elections">Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a 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