CINXE.COM
Quantum Communications - NASA
<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <!-- Search Engine Optimization by Rank Math PRO - https://rankmath.com/ --> <title>Quantum Communications - NASA</title> <meta name="description" content="Whether you know it or not, quantum physics touches our lives each day. Everything physical around us is made of matter, from the air we breathe to the"/> <meta name="robots" content="follow, index, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Quantum Communications - NASA" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Whether you know it or not, quantum physics touches our lives each day. Everything physical around us is made of matter, from the air we breathe to the" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NASA" /> <meta property="article:section" content="Space Communications & Navigation Program" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-07-10T14:57:21-04:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1024" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="818" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Space Communications and Navigation intern, Ryan Hashi, tests equipment in the Quantum Communications Lab at NASA’s Glenn Research Center." /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-04-13T14:10:00-04:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-07-10T14:57:21-04:00" /> <meta property="og:video" content="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MB7FngNPemQ" /> <meta property="video:duration" content="265" /> <meta property="ya:ovs:upload_date" content="2022-04-14T05:57:47-07:00" /> <meta property="ya:ovs:allow_embed" content="true" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Quantum Communications - NASA" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Whether you know it or not, quantum physics touches our lives each day. Everything physical around us is made of matter, from the air we breathe to the" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Heather Monaghan" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Time to read" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="6 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema-pro">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#organization","name":"NASA"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#website","url":"https://www.nasa.gov","name":"NASA","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png","width":"1024","height":"818","caption":"Space Communications and Navigation intern, Ryan Hashi, tests equipment in the Quantum Communications Lab at NASA\u2019s Glenn Research Center.","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/#webpage","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/","name":"Quantum Communications - NASA","datePublished":"2022-04-13T14:10:00-04:00","dateModified":"2024-07-10T14:57:21-04:00","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/#author","name":"Heather Monaghan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Heather-Monaghan_avatar_1659723319-96x96.jpg","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Heather-Monaghan_avatar_1659723319-96x96.jpg","caption":"Heather Monaghan","inLanguage":"en-US"},"worksFor":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#organization"}},{"headline":"Quantum Communications - NASA","description":"Whether you know it or not, quantum physics touches our lives each day. Everything physical around us is made of matter, from the air we breathe to the","datePublished":"2022-04-13T14:10:00-04:00","dateModified":"2024-07-10T14:57:21-04:00","image":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png"},"author":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/#author","name":"Heather Monaghan"},"@type":"BlogPosting","name":"Quantum Communications - NASA","articleSection":"Space Communications & Navigation Program","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/#schema-4885355","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/#webpage"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/#webpage"}},{"@type":"VideoObject","name":"Why Quantum? Why Now? NASA Celebrates World Quantum Day","description":"April 14 marks the annual World Quantum Day, and NASA's Space Communications and Navigation program is excited to celebrate! Whether you know it or not, quan...","uploadDate":"2022-04-14T05:57:47-07:00","thumbnailUrl":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png","embedUrl":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/MB7FngNPemQ","duration":"PT4M25S","width":"1280","height":"720","isFamilyFriendly":"True","@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/#schema-4885356","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/#webpage"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/#webpage"}}]}</script> <!-- /Rank Math WordPress SEO plugin --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.parsely.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="NASA » Feed" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feed/" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="16x16" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="32x32" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="57x57" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="76x76" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="96x96" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="128x128" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-128x128.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-192x192.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="196x196" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-196x196.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="228x228" type="image/png" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/favicon-228x228.png" /> <link rel="manifest" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/site.webmanifest" /> <link rel="mask-icon" color="#5bbad5" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" /> <meta name="application-name" content="NASA"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/mstile-144x144.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/mstile-70x70.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/mstile-150x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/mstile-310x150.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-hds-core-setup/assets/favicons/mstile-310x310.png" /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> :root{--wp-admin-theme-color:#007cba;--wp-admin-theme-color--rgb:0,124,186;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10:#006ba1;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-10--rgb:0,107,161;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20:#005a87;--wp-admin-theme-color-darker-20--rgb:0,90,135;--wp-admin-border-width-focus:2px;--wp-block-synced-color:#7a00df;--wp-block-synced-color--rgb:122,0,223;--wp-bound-block-color:#9747ff}@media (min-resolution:192dpi){:root{--wp-admin-border-width-focus:1.5px}}.wp-element-button{cursor:pointer}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}.has-regular-font-size{font-size:1em}.has-larger-font-size{font-size:2.625em}.has-normal-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--normal)}.has-huge-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--huge)}.has-text-align-center{text-align:center}.has-text-align-left{text-align:left}.has-text-align-right{text-align:right}#end-resizable-editor-section{display:none}.aligncenter{clear:both}.items-justified-left{justify-content:flex-start}.items-justified-center{justify-content:center}.items-justified-right{justify-content:flex-end}.items-justified-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.screen-reader-text{border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important}.screen-reader-text:focus{background-color:#ddd;clip:auto!important;-webkit-clip-path:none;clip-path:none;color:#444;display:block;font-size:1em;height:auto;left:5px;line-height:normal;padding:15px 23px 14px;text-decoration:none;top:5px;width:auto;z-index:100000}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2' href='https://www.nasa.gov/_static/??-eJyFjEEOgzAMBD9U16IFcUK8xQRDozoOwgkRvydqL731tNqd1WDZwEVNrAmd+BoQMmySV6+G2cpssOwUuMT9/e04ZS8zWjqF7e7MbvgjSS8ObKhkhJXhKnEiAaXj75WPun6MYxia/tm07aPvugvkRjv/' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nasa.gov/_static/??-eJyNzk0OAiEMBeALyYAzia6MZ6ljw0DaolD8O70YXbgSk+Z1872m9noyQWaqRyw2tjlXzPfPGjjIEMvK/kKGg8+g+I3nJIqiVhfkVhEo8Op5SgcgI3DpQEapRpP3hB1J9ZbknX88oIHxkaR3tCyQ0ZQ0B6BG97xbb6dxdBvnpvgEtqFwnQ==" defer></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/96078" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.nasa.gov/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.5.5" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.nasa.gov/?p=96078' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fquantum-communications%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fquantum-communications%2F&format=xml" /> <link rel="preload" fetchpriority="high" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/uswds-framework/uswds/fonts/public-sans/PublicSans-Regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" fetchpriority="high" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/uswds-framework/uswds/fonts-split/inter/UcC73FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMa1ZL7.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" fetchpriority="high" href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/uswds-framework/uswds/fonts-split/db-mono/aFTU7PB1QTsUX8KYthqQBA.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <script language="javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=NASA&yt=true&dclink=true&exts=stl,fbx,glb,usdz&enhlink=true&sdor=www.nasa.gov"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // DO NOT MODIFY BELOW THIS LINE ***************************************** ;(function (g) { var d = document, am = d.createElement('script'), h = d.head || d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0], fsr = 'fsReady', aex = { "src": "//eex-gateway.fr011.ttecfed.com/sites/nasa-gov/production/gateway.min.js", "type": "text/javascript", "async": "true", "data-vendor": "fs", "data-role": "gateway" }; for (var attr in aex) { am.setAttribute(attr, aex[attr]); } h.appendChild(am); g[fsr] || (g[fsr] = function () { var aT = '__' + fsr + '_stk__'; g[aT] = g[aT] || []; g[aT].push(arguments); }); })(window); // DO NOT MODIFY ABOVE THIS LINE ***************************************** </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NLJ258M');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta name="searchgov_custom1" content="1::96078"/> <meta name="searchgov_custom2" content=""/> <meta name="searchgov_custom3" content="post"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Space Communications & Navigation Program"/> <meta name="parsely-title" content="Quantum Communications" /> <meta name="parsely-link" content="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-communications/" /> <meta name="parsely-type" content="post" /> <meta name="parsely-image-url" content="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?w=150&h=150&crop=1" /> <meta name="parsely-pub-date" content="2022-04-13T18:10:00Z" /> <meta name="parsely-section" content="NASA Directorates" /> <meta name="parsely-tags" content="NASA Directorates,Space Operations Mission Directorate,Space Communications & Navigation Program" /> <meta name="parsely-author" content="Heather Monaghan" /> <link rel="preload" as="image" fetchpriority="high" imagesizes="(max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px" imagesrcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w"> <!-- USWDS Includes --> <!-- End USWDS Includes --> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-96078 single-format-standard"> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NLJ258M" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <header class="hds-nasa-header usa-header usa-header-mobile color-spacesuit-white bg-carbon-black display-block display-block desktop:display-none padding-x-3 padding-y-2"> <div class="usa-nav-container grid-row"> <div class="grid-col display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-start"> <button id="global-navigation-trigger--mobile" class="hds-global-menu-toggle menu-toggle menu-mobile-toggle" aria-expanded="false" data-menu-action="open" data-menu-location="left"> <div class="menu-toggle-icon"> <div class="menu-toggle-icon-top"></div> <div class="menu-toggle-icon-center"></div> <div class="menu-toggle-icon-bottom"></div> </div> </button> </div> <div class="grid-col display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-center"> <a id="mobile-header-logo" href="https://www.nasa.gov/" class="usa-logo display-block margin-0 width-fit-content text-center"> <img fetchpriority="high" width="60" height="50.58" alt="NASA Logo" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo@2x.png" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo.svg"> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col display-flex flex-align-center flex-justify-end"> <button class="hds-search-panel-mobile-trigger search-mobile color-carbon-20 menu-toggle" data-menu-action="open" data-menu-location="right"> <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.643L8.804 7.447a4.8 4.8 0 10-1.357 1.357L10.642 12 12 10.643zM1.36 4.8a3.44 3.44 0 116.879 0 3.44 3.44 0 01-6.879 0z"></path></svg> </button> </div> </div> </header> <header class="usa-header usa-header--basic usa-header-primary padding-y-2 padding-x-2 bg-carbon-black color-spacesuit-white display-none desktop:display-block"> <div class="usa-nav-container padding-0 grid-container grid-container-extrawide grid-row"> <div class="grid-col-5 display-flex flex-align-center"> <ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"> <li class="hds-explore-nav-trigger usa-nav__primary-item margin-right-2"> <button class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link display-flex flex-align-center" aria-expanded="false" id="global-navigation-trigger" > <span>Explore</span> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="17px" viewBox="0 0 16 17" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 17;" xml:space="preserve"><g> <g> <path d="M8,16.5c-4.4,0-8-3.6-8-8s3.6-8,8-8s8,3.6,8,8S12.4,16.5,8,16.5z M8,1.5c-3.9,0-7,3.1-7,7c0,3.9,3.1,7,7,7 s7-3.1,7-7C15,4.6,11.9,1.5,8,1.5z"/> </g> <g> <path d="M8,10l2.6-2.6L11.2,8L8,11.2L4.8,8l0.6-0.6L8,10z"/> </g></g></svg> </button> </li> </ul> <form action="https://www.nasa.gov/" class="hds-search usa-search usa-search--small float-none" role="search" style="float: none!important;"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-field-en-small">Search</label> <input class="hds-search-input hds-search-input-dark usa-input border bg-carbon-black border-color-carbon-70-important" id="search-field-en-small--desktop" type="search" name="search" value="" placeholder="Search..." /> <button class="usa-button display-none" type="submit" aria-label="Search"> </button> </form> </div> <div class="grid-col-2 display-flex flex-justify-center flex-align-center"> <a id="header-logo" href="https://www.nasa.gov/" class="usa-logo tablet:display-block margin-0" style="width: 60px;"> <img fetchpriority="high" width="60" height="50.58" alt="NASA Logo" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo@2x.png" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo.svg"> </a> </div> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav grid-col-5 color-spacesuit-white"> <div class="usa-nav__inner hds-nav__inner"> <ul class="hds-nav-primary color-spacesuit-white usa-nav__primary"> <li class="hds-nav-has-submenu usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-nav__link heading-16 color-spacesuit-white padding-y-2 padding-x-2 display-flex flex-align-center" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="news-events-submenu"> <span>News & Events</span> <svg version="1.1" fill="#fff" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="306px" height="306px" viewBox="0 0 306 306" style="enable-background:new 0 0 306 306;" xml:space="preserve"><g><polygon points="270.3,58.65 153,175.95 35.7,58.65 0,94.35 153,247.35 306,94.35 "/></g></svg> </button> <ul id="news-events-submenu" class="hds-nav__submenu" hidden> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"> <h3 class="heading-22 color-spacesuit-white padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1">News & Events</h3> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </a> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/"> <span>All NASA News</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/series/"> <span>Video Series on NASA+</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/"> <span>Podcasts</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-blogs/"> <span>Blogs</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/newsletters/"> <span>Newsletters</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/social-media/"> <span>Social Media</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/media-contacts/"> <span>Media Resources</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/events"> <span>Events</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/event-type/launch-schedule/"> <span>Upcoming Launches & Landings</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-virtual-guest-program/"> <span>Virtual Guest Program</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hds-nav-has-submenu usa-nav__primary-item"> <button class="usa-nav__link heading-16 color-spacesuit-white padding-y-2 padding-x-2 display-flex flex-align-center" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="news-galleries-submenu"> <span>Multimedia</span> <svg version="1.1" fill="#fff" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="306px" height="306px" viewBox="0 0 306 306" style="enable-background:new 0 0 306 306;" xml:space="preserve"><g><polygon points="270.3,58.65 153,175.95 35.7,58.65 0,94.35 153,247.35 306,94.35 "/></g></svg> </button> <ul id="news-galleries-submenu" class="hds-nav__submenu" hidden> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"> <h3 class="heading-22 color-spacesuit-white padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1">Multimedia</h3> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </a> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/"> <span>NASA+</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/images/"> <span>Images</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/live"> <span>NASA Live</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/apps/"> <span>NASA Apps</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/"> <span>Podcasts</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-of-the-day/"> <span>Image of the Day</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ebooks/"> <span>e-Books</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/audio-and-ringtones/"> <span>Sounds and Ringtones</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/interactives/"> <span>Interactives</span> </a> </li> <li class="hds-submenu-item usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/search/?terms=8058%2C8059%2C8061%2C8062%2C8068"> <span>STEM Multimedia</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hds-nav-has-submenu usa-nav__primary-item"> <a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/" class="hds-nav__link-nasa-live usa-nav__link-nasa-live usa-nav__link heading-16 color-spacesuit-white"> <span>NASA+</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <div class="hds-search-panel-mobile bg-spacesuit-white"> <div class="hds-search-panel-bar bg-carbon-black padding-x-3 padding-y-2"> <svg class="hds-search-panel-bar-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="white"/></svg> <form action="https://www.nasa.gov/" class="hds-search usa-search usa-search--small float-none" role="search" style="float: none!important;"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="search-field-en-small">Search</label> <input class="usa-input bg-carbon-black color-spacesuit-white" id="search-field-en-small--mobile" type="search" name="search" value="" placeholder="Search the universe"> <button class="usa-button display-none" type="submit"> </button> </form> <button class="hds-search-panel-bar-close-icon"> <svg class="hds-search-panel-bar-close-icon" width="13" height="12" viewBox="0 0 13 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M6.14925 6.00038L0.999972 11.1497L1.84975 11.9969L6.99778 6.84891L12.1496 12.0008L12.9994 11.1535L7.8463 6.00038L12.9994 0.847277L12.1496 0L6.99778 5.15186L1.84782 0.0019043L0.998047 0.849182L6.14925 6.00038Z" fill="white"/></svg> </button> </div> <div class="hds-search-panel-suggestions padding-x-3 padding-y-4"> <h2 class="heading-18 margin-top-0">Suggested Searches</h2> <ul class="hds-search-suggestions"> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=Climate%20Change"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>Climate Change</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=Artemis"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>Artemis</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=Expedition%2064"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>Expedition 64</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=Mars%20perseverance"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>Mars perseverance</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=SpaceX%20Crew-2"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>SpaceX Crew-2</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion"> <a class="color-carbon-60 padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/?search=International%20Space%20Station"> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-search-icon" width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 12 12" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 10.6425L8.80427 7.44706C9.30727 6.68769 9.5998 5.77883 9.5998 4.79999C9.5998 2.14872 7.45091 0 4.7999 0C2.14889 0 0 2.1492 0 4.80047C0 7.45079 2.14889 9.60046 4.7999 9.60046C5.77825 9.60046 6.68813 9.30702 7.44719 8.80453L10.6424 12L12 10.6425ZM1.35996 4.80095C1.35996 2.90111 2.9004 1.36176 4.79991 1.36176C6.6999 1.36176 8.24034 2.90111 8.24034 4.80095C8.24034 6.70079 6.6999 8.2411 4.79991 8.2411C2.9004 8.2411 1.35996 6.70079 1.35996 4.80095Z" fill="#B9B9BB"/></svg> <span>International Space Station</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-search-suggestion hds-search-suggestion-more"> <a class="color-carbon-black padding-x-0 padding-y-2 border-bottom-1px border-color-carbon-20" href="https://www.nasa.gov/a-to-z-topics-listing/"> <span>View All Topics A-Z</span> <svg class="hds-search-suggestion-go-icon" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="8" cy="8" r="8" fill="#F64137"/><path d="M4 8.47777L10.3018 8.47777L8.37983 10.5311L9.00582 11.2L12 8.00001L9.00581 4.80001L8.37983 5.46893L10.3018 7.52226L4 7.52226L4 8.47777Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="global-navigation" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu bg-carbon-black-important padding-x-0 desktop:padding-x-2" style="left: 0;" hidden> <div class="grid-container grid-container-extrawide padding-x-0"> <div class="grid-row global-nav__menus"> <div class="global-nav__primary global-nav__col grid-col-3"> <div class="global-nav__primary-wrapper global-nav__wrapper border-right-1px border-color-carbon-80"> <ul class="hds-global-menu-primary global-nav__primary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"> <li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item usa-current" submenu-id="global-nav-home"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/"><span>Home</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-missions"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/"><span>Missions</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-humans-in-space"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/"><span>Humans in Space</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-earth-climate"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/"><span>Earth & Climate</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-solar-system"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/"><span>The Solar System</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-universe"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/"><span>The Universe</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-science"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/"><span>Science</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-aeronautics"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/"><span>Aeronautics</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-technology"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/"><span>Technology</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-learning-resources"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/"><span>Learning Resources</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-about-nasa"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/"><span>About NASA</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li><li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger usa-nav__submenu-item " submenu-id="global-nav-espanol"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/"><span>Español</span><svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"/></svg></a></li> <hr class="border-color-carbon-60-important display-block desktop:display-none margin-y-3" > <li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger hds-global-menu-item-mobile usa-nav__submenu-item" submenu-id="media"> <a href="#"> <span>News & Events</span> <svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-trigger hds-global-menu-item-mobile usa-nav__submenu-item" submenu-id="galleries"> <a href="#"> <span>Multimedia</span> <svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.05516 4L0.800049 0.767159L1.57249 0L5.60005 4L1.57249 8L0.800049 7.23284L4.05516 4Z"></path></svg> </a> </li> <li class="hds-global-menu-item hds-global-menu-item-mobile usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a class="hds-nav__link-nasa-live usa-nav__link-nasa-live" href="https://plus.nasa.gov/"> <span>NASA+</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="global-nav__home global-nav__features global-nav__col grid-col-9 desktop:padding-left-105"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Featured</h3><div class="grid-row"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory/curiosity-rover/nasas-curiosity-mars-rover-takes-a-last-look-at-mysterious-sulfur/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-home grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 color-spacesuit-white padding-x-0 desktop:padding-right-3 margin-bottom-4" target="_self"><div class="grid-col margin-bottom-2"><div class="bg-carbon-black minh-mobile"><img width="1024" height="258" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Gediz Vallis channel" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg 3000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=300,76 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=768,194 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=1024,258 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=1536,387 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=2048,516 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=400,101 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=600,151 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=900,227 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=1200,302 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=2000,504 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></div></div><div class="grid-col padding-left-0"><div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s Curiosity Mars Rover Takes a Last Look at Mysterious Sulfur</h3></div><div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"><span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg><span>article</span></span><span>5 days ago</span></div></div></a><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/ames/hollywood-techniques-help-nasa-visualize-supercomputing-data/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-home grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 color-spacesuit-white padding-x-0 desktop:padding-right-3 margin-bottom-4" target="_self"><div class="grid-col margin-bottom-2"><div class="bg-carbon-black minh-mobile"><img width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png 3840w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=2000,1125 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></div></div><div class="grid-col padding-left-0"><div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Hollywood Techniques Help NASA Visualize Supercomputing Data</h3></div><div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"><span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg><span>article</span></span><span>5 days ago</span></div></div></a><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/skywatching/whats-up-november-2024-skywatching-tips-from-nasa/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-home grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 color-spacesuit-white padding-x-0 desktop:padding-right-3 margin-bottom-4" target="_self"><div class="grid-col margin-bottom-2"><div class="bg-carbon-black minh-mobile"><img src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/milkyway-desrt-tree-credit-preston-dyches-1.jpg" alt="What’s Up: November 2024 Skywatching Tips from NASA" class="hds-media-background z-100" /></div></div><div class="grid-col padding-left-0"><div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">What’s Up: November 2024 Skywatching Tips from NASA</h3></div><div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"><span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"><svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg><span>article</span></span><span>3 weeks ago</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="global-nav__secondary global-nav__col grid-col-5 desktop:padding-left-105" hidden> <div class="global-nav__secondary-wrapper global-nav__wrapper"> <!-- This is just a mobile button --> <div class="global-nav__mobile-return"> <button class="global-nav__back" aria-expanded="false"> <svg width="6" height="8" viewBox="0 0 6 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.94479 4L5.1999 0.767159L4.42746 3.521e-07L0.399903 4L4.42746 8L5.1999 7.23284L1.94479 4Z"/></svg> <span>Back</span> </button> <hr class="global-nav__separator margin-top-1 margin-bottom-4"> </div> <div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-missions"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Missions</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/" target="_self"><span>Search All NASA Missions</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/a-to-z-of-nasa-missions/" target="_self"><span>A to Z List of Missions</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/events/" target="_self"><span>Upcoming Launches and Landings</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/spaceships-and-rockets/" target="_self"><span>Spaceships and Rockets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/communicating-with-missions/" target="_self"><span>Communicating with Missions</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/artemis/" target="_self"><span>Artemis</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/webb/" target="_self"><span>James Webb Space Telescope</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/" target="_self"><span>Hubble Space Telescope</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/" target="_self"><span>International Space Station</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/osiris-rex/" target="_self"><span>OSIRIS-Rex</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-humans-in-space"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Humans in Space</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/why-go-to-space/" target="_self"><span>Why Go to Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/astronauts/" target="_self"><span>Astronauts</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/" target="_self"><span>Commercial Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/destinations/" target="_self"><span>Destinations</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/spaceships-and-rockets/" target="_self"><span>Spaceships and Rockets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/living-in-space/" target="_self"><span>Living in Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-earth-climate"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Earth & Climate</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/explore" target="_self"><span>Explore Earth Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/climate-change" target="_self"><span>Climate Change</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/facts" target="_self"><span>Earth, Our Planet</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/in-action" target="_self"><span>Earth Science in Action</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/multimedia" target="_self"><span>Earth Multimedia</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/data" target="_self"><span>Earth Data</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science" target="_self"><span>Earth Science Researchers</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-solar-system"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">The Solar System</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/sun/" target="_self"><span>The Sun</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mercury/" target="_self"><span>Mercury</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/venus" target="_self"><span>Venus</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/facts/" target="_self"><span>Earth</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/moon/" target="_self"><span>The Moon</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mars" target="_self"><span>Mars</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/jupiter" target="_self"><span>Jupiter</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/saturn" target="_self"><span>Saturn</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/uranus/" target="_self"><span>Uranus</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/neptune/" target="_self"><span>Neptune</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/dwarf-planets/" target="_self"><span>Pluto & Dwarf Planets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-meteors/" target="_self"><span>Asteroids, Comets & Meteors</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/kuiper-belt/" target="_self"><span>The Kuiper Belt</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/oort-cloud/" target="_self"><span>The Oort Cloud</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/skywatching/" target="_self"><span>Skywatching</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-universe"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">The Universe</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/exoplanets/" target="_self"><span>Exoplanets</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/search-for-life/" target="_self"><span>The Search for Life in the Universe</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/stars/" target="_self"><span>Stars</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/galaxies/" target="_self"><span>Galaxies</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/" target="_self"><span>Black Holes</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/the-big-bang/" target="_self"><span>The Big Bang</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/dark-matter-dark-energy/" target="_self"><span>Dark Energy & Dark Matter</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-science"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Science</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/" target="_self"><span>Earth Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/" target="_self"><span>Planetary Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/" target="_self"><span>Astrophysics & Space Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/heliophysics/" target="_self"><span>The Sun & Heliophysics</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/biological-physical" target="_self"><span>Biological & Physical Sciences</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/lunar-science" target="_self"><span>Lunar Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/citizen-science/" target="_self"><span>Citizen Science</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astromaterials/" target="_self"><span>Astromaterials</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics-research/" target="_self"><span>Aeronautics Research</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/human-space-travel-research/" target="_self"><span>Human Space Travel Research</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-aeronautics"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Aeronautics</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/science-in-the-air/" target="_self"><span>Science in the Air</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/aircraft/" target="_self"><span>NASA Aircraft</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/flight-innovation/" target="_self"><span>Flight Innovation</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/supersonic-flight/" target="_self"><span>Supersonic Flight</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/air-traffic-solutions/" target="_self"><span>Air Traffic Solutions</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/green-aero-tech/" target="_self"><span>Green Aviation Tech</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/drones-and-you/" target="_self"><span>Drones & You</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-technology"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Technology</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-technology-mission-directorate/technology-transfer-spinoffs/" target="_self"><span>Technology Transfer & Spinoffs</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-travel-technology/" target="_self"><span>Space Travel Technology</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/space-living-technology/" target="_self"><span>Technology Living in Space</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/manufacturing-and-materials/" target="_self"><span>Manufacturing and Materials</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/robotics/" target="_self"><span>Robotics</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/science-instruments/" target="_self"><span>Science Instruments</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/computing/" target="_self"><span>Computing</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-learning-resources"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Learning Resources</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-kids-and-students/" target="_self"><span>For Kids and Students</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-educators/" target="_self"><span>For Educators</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/colleges-and-universities/" target="_self"><span>For Colleges and Universities</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/for-professionals/" target="_self"><span>For Professionals</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/for-everyone/" target="_self"><span>Science for Everyone</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/requests-for-exhibits-artifacts-or-speakers/" target="_self"><span>Requests for Exhibits, Artifacts, or Speakers</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/stem-engagement/" target="_self"><span>STEM Engagement at NASA</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-about-nasa"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">About NASA</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-impact/" target="_self"><span>NASA's Impacts</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/" target="_self"><span>Centers and Facilities</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/" target="_self"><span>Directorates</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/organization/" target="_self"><span>Organizations</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/people-of-nasa/" target="_self"><span>People of NASA</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/careers/" target="_self"><span>Careers</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/internship-programs/" target="_self"><span>Internships</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/" target="_self"><span>Our History</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/doing-business-with-nasa/" target="_self"><span>Doing Business with NASA</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/get-involved/" target="_self"><span>Get Involved</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/contact/" target="_self"><span>Contact</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="global-nav-espanol"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">NASA en Español</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/" target="_self"><span>Ciencia</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="/nasa-en-espanol/aeronautica-en-espanol/" target="_self"><span>Aeronáutica</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/tierra/" target="_self"><span>Ciencias Terrestres</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/sistema-solar" target="_self"><span>Sistema Solar</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://ciencia.nasa.gov/universo" target="_self"><span>Universo</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="media"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">News & Events</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/all-news/" target="_self"><span>All NASA News</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/series/" target="_self"><span>Video Series on NASA+</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/" target="_self"><span>Podcasts</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-blogs/" target="_self"><span>Blogs</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/newsletters/" target="_self"><span>Newsletters</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/social-media/" target="_self"><span>Social Media</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/media-contacts/" target="_self"><span>Media Resources</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/events" target="_self"><span>Events</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/event-type/launch-schedule/" target="_self"><span>Upcoming Launches & Landings</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-virtual-guest-program/" target="_self"><span>Virtual Guest Program</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="global-nav__secondary-submenu" submenu-id="galleries"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-md button-light margin-bottom-3"><h3 class="heading-22 padding-right-2 line-height-alt-1 margin-0">Multimedia</h3><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a><ul class="global-nav__secondary-list usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/" target="_self"><span>NASA+</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/images/" target="_self"><span>Images</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/live" target="_self"><span>NASA Live</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/apps/" target="_self"><span>NASA Apps</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/podcasts/" target="_self"><span>Podcasts</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-of-the-day/" target="_self"><span>Image of the Day</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ebooks/" target="_self"><span>e-Books</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/audio-and-ringtones/" target="_self"><span>Sounds and Ringtones</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/interactives/" target="_self"><span>Interactives</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/search/?terms=8058%2C8059%2C8061%2C8062%2C8068" target="_self"><span>STEM Multimedia</span><svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="global-nav__tertiary global-nav__col grid-col-4 usa-col" hidden> <div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-missions"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Featured</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory/curiosity-rover/nasas-curiosity-mars-rover-takes-a-last-look-at-mysterious-sulfur/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="258" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Gediz Vallis channel" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg 3000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=300,76 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=768,194 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=1024,258 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=1536,387 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=2048,516 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=400,101 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=600,151 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=900,227 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=1200,302 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/e1-pia26471-curiosity-3000pixels.jpg?resize=2000,504 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s Curiosity Mars Rover Takes a Last Look at Mysterious Sulfur</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>5 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-takes-a-look-at-tangled-galaxies/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/galaxies/interacting/Hubble_%20MCG+05-31-045_potw2446a.jpg" alt="Hubble Takes a Look at Tangled Galaxies" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Hubble Takes a Look at Tangled Galaxies</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 week ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/emit/nasas-emit-will-explore-diverse-science-questions-on-extended-mission/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="715" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26417-emit-acquatic.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="NASA’s EMIT collected this hyperspectral image of the Amazon River in northern Brazil" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26417-emit-acquatic.png 1942w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26417-emit-acquatic.png?resize=300,209 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26417-emit-acquatic.png?resize=768,536 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26417-emit-acquatic.png?resize=1024,715 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26417-emit-acquatic.png?resize=1536,1073 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26417-emit-acquatic.png?resize=400,279 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26417-emit-acquatic.png?resize=600,419 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26417-emit-acquatic.png?resize=900,628 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26417-emit-acquatic.png?resize=1200,838 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s EMIT Will Explore Diverse Science Questions on Extended Mission</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 week ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-humans-in-space"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/esdmd/artemis-campaign-development-division/human-landing-system-program/nasa-marshall-thermal-engineering-lab-provides-key-insight-to-human-landing-system/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="A close-up of a conduction chamber for testing the heat conduction properties of materials and equipment to be used in Artemis missions." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg 4024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ksh0121.jpg?resize=2000,2000 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Marshall Thermal Engineering Lab Provides Key Insight to Human Landing System</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 day ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/preguntas-frecuentes-la-verdadera-historia-del-cuidado-de-la-salud-de-los-astronautas-en-el-espacio/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1920" height="1280" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="NASA astronaut and Expedition 72 Flight Engineer Nick Hague pedals on the Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation and Stabilization (CEVIS), an exercise cycle located aboard the International Space Station's Destiny laboratory module. CEVIS provides aerobic and cardiovascular conditioning through recumbent (leaning back position) or upright cycling activities." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=300&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=768&h=512&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1024&h=683&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=400&h=267&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=600&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=900&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1200&h=800&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">8 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Preguntas frecuentes: La verdadera historia del cuidado de la salud de los astronautas en el espacio</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/faq-the-real-story-about-astronaut-health-care-in-space/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1920" height="1280" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="NASA astronaut and Expedition 72 Flight Engineer Nick Hague pedals on the Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation and Stabilization (CEVIS), an exercise cycle located aboard the International Space Station's Destiny laboratory module. CEVIS provides aerobic and cardiovascular conditioning through recumbent (leaning back position) or upright cycling activities." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1280&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=300&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=768&h=512&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1024&h=683&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1024&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=400&h=267&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=600&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=900&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/iss072e034702/iss072e034702~large.jpg?w=1200&h=800&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">6 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">FAQ: The Real Story About Astronaut Health Care in Space</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-earth-climate"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/researchers/solicitations/roses-2024/amendment-70-new-opportunity-a-62-farmflux-science-team/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/esd/eo/content-feature/carboncycle/images/abandoned_farm.jpg" alt="Amendment 70: New Opportunity: A.62 FarmFlux Science Team" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Amendment 70: New Opportunity: A.62 FarmFlux Science Team</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/5-surprising-nasa-heliophysics-discoveries-not-related-to-the-sun/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/internal_resources/691/GRB_Jet.jpeg" alt="5 Surprising NASA Heliophysics Discoveries Not Related to the Sun" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">5 Surprising NASA Heliophysics Discoveries Not Related to the Sun</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/people-of-nasa/nasas-brad-doorn-brings-farm-belt-wisdom-to-space-age-agriculture/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/s4a-ia-0401.jpg" alt="NASA’s Brad Doorn Brings Farm Belt Wisdom to Space-Age Agriculture" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">14 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s Brad Doorn Brings Farm Belt Wisdom to Space-Age Agriculture</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-solar-system"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/ready-set-action-our-sun-is-the-star-in-dazzling-simulation/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="768" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="An image from a 3D simulation showing the evolution of turbulent flows in the upper layers of the Sun. The more saturated and bright reds represent the most vigorous upward or downward twisting motions. Clear areas represent areas where there is only relatively slow up-flows, with very little twisting." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg 1600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Ready, Set, Action! Our Sun is the Star in Dazzling Simulation</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/heliophysics/5-surprising-nasa-heliophysics-discoveries-not-related-to-the-sun/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/astro/universe/internal_resources/691/GRB_Jet.jpeg" alt="5 Surprising NASA Heliophysics Discoveries Not Related to the Sun" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">5 Surprising NASA Heliophysics Discoveries Not Related to the Sun</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/jupiter/jupiter-moons/europa/nasa-ocean-world-explorers-have-to-swim-before-they-can-fly/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="A prototype of a robot designed to explore subsurface oceans of icy moons" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png 3840w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=2000,1125 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Ocean World Explorers Have to Swim Before They Can Fly</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-universe"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Featured</h3> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-captures-an-edge-on-spiral-with-curve-appeal/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/galaxies/spiral/Hubble_UGC10043_potw2447a.jpg" alt="Hubble Captures an Edge-On Spiral with Curve Appeal" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Hubble Captures an Edge-On Spiral with Curve Appeal</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 day ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/nasas-hubble-finds-sizzling-details-about-young-star-fu-orionis/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/stars/artist-concepts/Hubble_FUOrionis_STScI-01JD10SWK9VB6MQ9440ERZ8QP0.jpg" alt="NASA’s Hubble Finds Sizzling Details About Young Star FU Orionis" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s Hubble Finds Sizzling Details About Young Star FU Orionis</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/missions/chandra/nasas-chandra-hubble-tune-into-flame-throwing-guitar-nebula/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="822" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="The guitar shape in the “Guitar Nebula” comes from bubbles blown by particles ejected from the pulsar through a steady wind as it moves through space. Images from Chandra taken in 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2021 have been combined with a single image in optical light from Palomar. X-rays from Chandra show a filament of energetic matter and antimatter particles, about two light-years long, blasting away from the pulsar (seen as the bright white dot). The movie shows how this filament has changed over two decades. An inset shows a closeup of the “guitar head” from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope also changing over time from 1994-2021." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg 3600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?resize=300,241 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?resize=768,617 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?resize=1024,822 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?resize=1536,1233 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?resize=2048,1645 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?resize=400,321 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?resize=600,482 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?resize=900,723 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?resize=1200,964 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/guitar.jpg?resize=2000,1606 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA’s Chandra, Hubble Tune Into ‘Flame-Throwing’ Guitar Nebula</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-science"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-captures-an-edge-on-spiral-with-curve-appeal/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img src="https://assets.science.nasa.gov/dynamicimage/assets/science/missions/hubble/galaxies/spiral/Hubble_UGC10043_potw2447a.jpg" alt="Hubble Captures an Edge-On Spiral with Curve Appeal" class="hds-media-background z-100" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Hubble Captures an Edge-On Spiral with Curve Appeal</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 day ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/ready-set-action-our-sun-is-the-star-in-dazzling-simulation/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="768" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="An image from a 3D simulation showing the evolution of turbulent flows in the upper layers of the Sun. The more saturated and bright reds represent the most vigorous upward or downward twisting motions. Clear areas represent areas where there is only relatively slow up-flows, with very little twisting." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg 1600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/11-kitiashvili-i-sc24-sunhelicitytour0.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Ready, Set, Action! Our Sun is the Star in Dazzling Simulation</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/science-research/planetary-science/astrobiology/nasa-mystery-of-lifes-handedness-deepens/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="A diagram of the left- and right-hand versions of an amino acid." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg 3000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=1536,1536 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=2048,2048 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/l-r-isovaline-print.jpg?resize=2000,2000 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA: Mystery of Life’s Handedness Deepens</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-aeronautics"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/glenn/nasa-engineer-carries-indigenous-roots-into-new-aviation-era/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="661" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/grc-2024-c-12427-002-e1731959466240.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="A woman wearing a black polo shirt with the NASA insignia, dark gray pants, and white shoes stands inside an aircraft hangar in front of a scaled aircraft model. The words “SUSAN Electrofan” and “PAX 180” are printed on a graphic along with fuselage, with a large NASA insignia in the center of the plane. The rear of the aircraft model, along with the wings and tail, are taken apart to display the inner components that make up its electrified propulsion system." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Engineer Carries Indigenous Roots into New Aviation Era</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/neat/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="684" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="A white building surrounded by external equipment in front of a blue sky with clouds." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg 3600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?resize=768,513 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?resize=1024,684 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?resize=1536,1025 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?resize=2048,1367 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?resize=600,401 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?resize=900,601 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?resize=1200,801 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-grc-2015-c-07729.jpg?resize=2000,1335 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Electric Aircraft Testbed (NEAT)</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>5 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/dynamic-spin-rig-publications/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="1024" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="A blue circle with white type displaying the NASA acronym encircled by a white swoosh and a red arrow." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg 1379w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=150,150 150w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=300,300 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=768,768 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=1024,1024 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=50,50 50w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=100,100 100w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=200,200 200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=400,400 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=600,600 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=900,900 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/nasa-insignia-rgb.jpg?resize=1200,1200 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">1 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Dynamic Spin Rig Publications</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 week ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-technology"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/ames/what-is-biosentinel/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Illustration of the BioSentinel spacecraft, flying past the Moon with the CubeSat's solar arrays fully deployed, facing the Sun." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/biosentinel_1920x1080.png 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/biosentinel_1920x1080.png?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">8 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">What is BioSentinel?</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/jupiter/jupiter-moons/europa/nasa-ocean-world-explorers-have-to-swim-before-they-can-fly/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="A prototype of a robot designed to explore subsurface oceans of icy moons" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png 3840w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-pia26423-swim-phase-ii-reflection.png?resize=2000,1125 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Ocean World Explorers Have to Swim Before They Can Fly</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/mars/making-mars-moons-supercomputers-offer-disruptive-new-explanation-2/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="875" height="488" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/mars-moons-simulations.png?w=875" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/mars-moons-simulations.png 875w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/mars-moons-simulations.png?resize=300,167 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/mars-moons-simulations.png?resize=768,428 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/mars-moons-simulations.png?resize=400,223 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/mars-moons-simulations.png?resize=600,335 600w" sizes="(max-width: 875px) 100vw, 875px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Making Mars’ Moons: Supercomputers Offer ‘Disruptive’ New Explanation</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-learning-resources"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Featured</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/launch-your-career/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="985" height="739" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/38540233062-abf67c18dd-o.jpeg?w=985" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Students at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory pose for photos around the laboratory wearing their eclipse glasses." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/38540233062-abf67c18dd-o.jpeg 985w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/38540233062-abf67c18dd-o.jpeg?resize=300,225 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/38540233062-abf67c18dd-o.jpeg?resize=768,576 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/38540233062-abf67c18dd-o.jpeg?resize=400,300 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/38540233062-abf67c18dd-o.jpeg?resize=600,450 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/38540233062-abf67c18dd-o.jpeg?resize=900,675 900w" sizes="(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Why NASA Is a Great Place to Launch Your Career </h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>1 day ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/northwestern-university-takes-top-honors-in-big-idea-lunar-inflatables-challenge/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="768" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Northwestern University team members pose with lunar inflatable prototypes from their METALS project in NASA’s 2024 BIG Idea Challenge." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg 5712w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=2048,1536 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=2000,1500 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Northwestern University Takes Top Honors in BIG Idea Lunar Inflatables Challenge </h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/glenn/nasa-engineer-carries-indigenous-roots-into-new-aviation-era/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="661" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/grc-2024-c-12427-002-e1731959466240.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="A woman wearing a black polo shirt with the NASA insignia, dark gray pants, and white shoes stands inside an aircraft hangar in front of a scaled aircraft model. The words “SUSAN Electrofan” and “PAX 180” are printed on a graphic along with fuselage, with a large NASA insignia in the center of the plane. The rear of the aircraft model, along with the wings and tail, are taken apart to display the inner components that make up its electrified propulsion system." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">5 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">NASA Engineer Carries Indigenous Roots into New Aviation Era</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-about-nasa"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Featured</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/northwestern-university-takes-top-honors-in-big-idea-lunar-inflatables-challenge/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="768" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Northwestern University team members pose with lunar inflatable prototypes from their METALS project in NASA’s 2024 BIG Idea Challenge." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg 5712w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=300,225 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=768,576 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=1024,768 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=1536,1152 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=2048,1536 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=400,300 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=600,450 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=900,675 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=1200,900 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2024-big-idea-photo-northwestern-university.jpg?resize=2000,1500 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Northwestern University Takes Top Honors in BIG Idea Lunar Inflatables Challenge </h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/ames/hollywood-techniques-help-nasa-visualize-supercomputing-data/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png 3840w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=1200,675 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/18-christensen-a-sc24-dyamondpointcloud-3-29-2023a-dyamond-co2-anim-globe.png?resize=2000,1125 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">2 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Hollywood Techniques Help NASA Visualize Supercomputing Data</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>5 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/15-years-ago-sts-129-delivers-cargo-on-the-third-utilization-and-logistics-flight/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="721" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="Robert “Bobby” L. Satcher lubricates the robotic arm’s Latching End Effector" style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg 4022w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?resize=300,211 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?resize=768,541 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?resize=1024,721 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?resize=1536,1082 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?resize=2048,1443 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?resize=400,282 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?resize=600,423 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?resize=900,634 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?resize=1200,845 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/sts-129-19-fd4-eva1-satcher-fixing-lee-s129e006754.jpg?resize=2000,1409 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">10 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">15 Years Ago: STS-129 Delivers Cargo on the Third Utilization and Logistics Flight</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>5 days ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div><div class="global-nav__tertiary-submenu global-nav__wrapper" style="max-width: 440px" submenu-id="global-nav-espanol"><h3 class="heading-12 color-carbon-40 text-uppercase margin-bottom-2">Highlights</h3> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/el-x-59-enciende-su-motor-por-primera-vez-rumbo-al-despegue/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1920" height="1281" src="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1281&fit=clip&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="View from outside a large run stall. The 100-foot-long X-59 sits in the run stall with the engine and the rest of the back of the aircraft sitting outside the run stall’s open bay door." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=1920&h=1281&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1920w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=300&h=200&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 300w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=768&h=512&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 768w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=1024&h=683&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1024w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=1536&h=1025&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1536w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=400&h=267&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 400w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=600&h=400&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 600w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=900&h=600&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 900w, https://images-assets.nasa.gov/image/AFRC2024-0176-01/AFRC2024-0176-01~large.jpg?w=1200&h=801&fit=crop&crop=faces%2Cfocalpoint 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">El X-59 enciende su motor por primera vez rumbo al despegue</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>2 weeks ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers-and-facilities/armstrong/la-nasa-lleva-un-dron-y-un-rover-espacial-a-un-espectaculo-aereo/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="683" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="A view of the front of a bustling event tent outfitted with NASA flags and insignia. The tent is centered in the photo and sits atop a concrete airfield, where many people are walking in and out of the tent. A grey-white overcast sky is behind and above the tent." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg 6000w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?resize=2048,1365 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/nasa-miramarairshow-10012024-dsc00038.jpg?resize=2000,1333 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">3 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">La NASA lleva un dron y un rover espacial a un espectáculo aéreo</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>3 weeks ago</span> </div> </div> </a> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/destacado-de-la-nasa-felipe-valdez-un-ingeniero-inspirador/" class="hds-content-card hds-content-card-3 grid-row color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-4" target="_self"> <div class="grid-col"> <div class="width-full bg-carbon-black minh-15"> <img width="1024" height="683" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?w=1024" class="hds-media-background z-100" alt="A man wearing a gray NASA shirt posing to the left of a subscale model or an aircraft that is orange and white with the NASA meatball on it. In the background, there are aviation posters located on the wall and another subscale model on display that is yellow and red." style="object-position: 0% 0%" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg 3484w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?resize=2048,1366 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/felipe-valdez-afrc-.jpg?resize=2000,1334 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col padding-left-105"> <div class="label margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 line-height-md">Destacado de la NASA: Felipe Valdez, un ingeniero inspirador</h3> </div> <div class="heading-12 display-flex flex-align-center font-weight-bold text-uppercase margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-40"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"></path><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"></path></g></g></svg> <span>article</span> </span> <span>4 weeks ago</span> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="primary" class="site-main"> <article id="post-96078" class="post-96078 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-space-communications-navigation-program"><section class="p-0"><div class="grid-container grid-row grid-container-block padding-x-3 desktop:padding-0"><div class="desktop:grid-col-3"></div><div class="desktop:grid-col-9 desktop:padding-left-9"><div id="" class="padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 width-full maxw-full hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-article-intro"><div class="width-full maxw-full article-header"><div class="margin-bottom-2 width-full maxw-full"><p class="label carbon-60 margin-0 margin-bottom-3 padding-0">7 min read</p><h1 class="display-48 margin-bottom-2">Quantum Communications</h1></div></div></div></div></div><div class="grid-container grid-row grid-container-block padding-x-3 desktop:padding-0"><div class="desktop:grid-col-3 desktop:padding-right-5 desktop:padding-left-3 padding-top-3"><div class="article-meta-item grid-row flex-align-center border-bottom padding-top-0 padding-bottom-2 subtitle"><div class="circle-6 maxw-6 thumbnail margin-right-2"><img class="avatar avatar-200 photo thumbnail-lg" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Heather-Monaghan_avatar_1659723319-300x300.jpg" alt="The headshot image of Heather Monaghan"></div><div class="grid-col"><h3 class="hds-meta-heading heading-14">Heather Monaghan</h3><h4 class="hds-meta-subheading heading-12 font-weight-regular">Graphic Designer and Communications Specialist</h4></div></div><div class="article-meta-item grid-row flex-align-center border-bottom padding-y-2"><span class="heading-12 text-uppercase">Apr 13, 2022</span></div><div class="article-meta-item grid-row flex-align-center border-bottom padding-y-2 text-uppercase"><svg class="square-205 margin-right-1" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 20 20" style="enable-background:new 0 0 20 20;" xml:space="preserve"> <path class="st0" d="M10,0C4.5,0,0,4.5,0,10c0,5.5,4.5,10,10,10c5.5,0,10-4.5,10-10C20,4.5,15.5,0,10,0z M10,19c-5,0-9-4-9-9 c0-5,4-9,9-9c5,0,9,4,9,9C19,15,15,19,10,19z"/> <path class="st0" d="M7,5c0,0,0,9,0,10l3-3l3,3c0-1,0-10,0-10H7z"/> </svg><span class="heading-12 text-uppercase">Article</span></div><div class="padding-y-2"> <ul class="social-icons social-icons-round"> <li class="social-icon social-icon-x "> <a href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?via=NASA&text=Quantum%20Communications&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fquantum-communications%2F" aria-label="Share on X."> <svg width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-icon social-icon-facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fquantum-communications%2F" aria-label="Share on Facebook."> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-icon social-icon-linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fquantum-communications%2F" aria-label="Share on LinkedIn."> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-icon social-icon-rss"> <a href="/feed/" aria-label="Link to RSS Feed."> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 800" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z"/><circle cx="219" cy="581" r="71"/></svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="padding-y-2 usa-article-scroll-wrapper"> <div class="usa-article__scroll"> <div class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-left-3 padding-y-1"> <h2 class="margin-0 padding-0 text-uppercase heading-18">Contents</h2> </div> <ul class="usa-list usa-list__article-content usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-1" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-1">What is Quantum?</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-2" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-2">How Does SCaN Use Quantum Technologies?</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-3" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-3">Atomic Clocks</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-4" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-4">Optical (Laser) Communications: </a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-5" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-5">Educator Resources</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-6" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-6">Latest Quantum Achievements</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-7" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-7">Quantum Workshop</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-8" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-8">World Quantum Day</a> </li> <li class="border-left-1px border-color-carbon-20-important padding-y-1 padding-left-3"> <a href="#hds-sidebar-nav-9" data-section-id="hds-sidebar-nav-9">SCaN Quantum Contacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div><div class="desktop:grid-col-9 desktop:padding-left-9 desktop:padding-right-3 desktop:padding-top-3 usa-article-content"><div class="entry-content"><div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"> <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"> <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"> <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-none "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg"><img width="1920" height="1280" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?w=1920" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="An intern tests equipment in a quantum lab." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg 1920w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=300,200 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=768,512 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=1024,683 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=1536,1024 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=400,267 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=600,400 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=900,600 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/VJW_0707.jpg?resize=1200,800 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" loading="eager" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"> <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Space Communications and Navigation intern, Ashwin Mishra, testing equipment in the Quantum Communications Lab at NASA’s Glenn Research Center.</div> <div class="hds-credits">NASA/Molly Kearns</div> </figcaption></div> </div> </div> <h2 id="hds-sidebar-nav-1" class="heading-36 hds-reference-section-heading">What is Quantum?</h2> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <p>Whether you know it or not, quantum physics touches our lives each day. Everything physical around us is made of matter, from the air we breathe to the water we drink—even our own bodies are made of matter. In its smallest measurable form, matter is made up of atoms. Within atoms are even smaller particles called electrons, protons, and neutrons—and protons and neutrons are made of even smaller units of matter called quarks.</p> <p>Quantum physics is the study of these extremely small atomic particles and quarks. Quantum aims to understand the nature of energy and matter through these small particles in order to better understand the world around us and apply quantum theories to real-world technology solutions.</p> <p>Applied quantum science is a foundational part of many components in many modern technologies, including cell phones and computers. In quantum computing, predictions are given in terms of probability, which allows us to find answers that traditional computers cannot provide.</p> </p> </p> </p> </p> <h2 id="hds-sidebar-nav-2" class="heading-36 hds-reference-section-heading">How Does SCaN Use Quantum Technologies?</h2> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </p> <p>Rapid advances in quantum optics, driven by progress in micro-fabrication technologies, precision measurements, and development of coherent radiation sources, have recently enabled space-based demonstrations of new communications and networking technologies and protocols.</p> </p> <p>Leveraging <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/communicating-with-missions/lasercomms/">optical communications</a>, the second quantum revolution promises to significantly improve NASA’s mission in various scientific, exploration, and technological enterprises, but especially in space-to-ground and deep space communications and navigation. In free space, quantum communications and navigation will almost exclusively be based on optical channels and platforms. This is a capability NASA SCaN is actively striving and planning for. NASA will be advancing technology and capabilities in partnership with other government agencies as well as the commercial sector, which will be key to creating economic opportunities and national growth.</p> </p> <p>SCaN utilizes quantum technologies in a number of ways:</p> </p> <h3 id="hds-sidebar-nav-3" class="wp-block-heading">Atomic Clocks</h3> </p> <p>Atomic clocks, ultra-precise clocks used in every GPS device and smartphone, work thanks to quantum mechanics. Atomic clocks on satellites orbiting Earth allow our devices to determine their locations. The satellites send signals from space, and the receiver triangulates your position by measuring how long the signals take to reach your GPS. Future technology will expand on this principle with deep space atomic clocks. Currently, spacecraft flying beyond Earth’s orbit don’t have a GPS to find their way through space. Atomic clocks on GPS satellites aren’t accurate enough to send directions to spacecraft, when being off by even less than a second could mean missing a planet by miles. The <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/deep-space-atomic-clock-dsac/" data-type="post">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a> was the first atomic clock designed to fly onboard a spacecraft that goes beyond Earth’s orbit, dramatically improving the process. </p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/what-is-an-atomic-clock/" data-type="post" data-id="71911">What Is an Atomic Clock?</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/gps/">What is GPS?</a></p> </p> <h3 id="hds-sidebar-nav-4" class="wp-block-heading">Optical (Laser) Communications: </h3> </p> <p>Lasers were developed based on our understanding of quantum mechanics. Quantum networking technology will build on the successes of laser communications to provide a host of new benefits over optical links: improved security, better timing, and even higher data rates.</p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission/laser-communications-relay/" data-type="mission">Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD)</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/exploring-together-nasa-and-industry-embrace-laser-communications/" data-type="post" data-id="61526">Exploring Together, NASA and Industry Embrace Laser Communications</a></p> </p> <p>Additionally, SCaN is partnering with other U.S. government agencies to research and develop capabilities in quantum information science (QIS), including in areas of adaptive optics, synchronization, detectors, and development of quantum use cases and applications. NASA will be advancing technology and capabilities in partnership with other government agencies as well as the commercial sector, which will be key to creating economic opportunities and national growth.</p> </p> <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"> <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"> <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"> <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/lcrd-virtual-background.jpg"><img width="985" height="554" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/lcrd-virtual-background.jpg?w=985" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="LCRD communicating to ISS over laser links" style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/lcrd-virtual-background.jpg 985w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/lcrd-virtual-background.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/lcrd-virtual-background.jpg?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/lcrd-virtual-background.jpg?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/lcrd-virtual-background.jpg?resize=600,337 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/lcrd-virtual-background.jpg?resize=900,506 900w" sizes="(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"> <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">LCRD communicating over laser links to ILLUMA-T on the International Space Station. </div> <div class="hds-credits">NASA / Dave Ryan</div> </figcaption></div> </div> </div> </p> <h2 id="hds-sidebar-nav-5" class="heading-36 hds-reference-section-heading">Educator Resources</h2> </p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/quantum-communication-101-final.pdf?emrc=b0a13c">Quantum 101 Booklet</a></p> <p>This booklet targets both the wider audience interested in exploring quantum for the first time and experts wishing to discover NASA’s SCaN roadmap. We avoid equations as much as possible, though reader will need to engage at a high level with a small number of mathematical concepts. The booklet provides the necessary background on key concepts specifically related to quantum communication. Later chapters explore in more detail communication links and networks, their technological challenges, as well as the future of quantum communication and new applications that the field will enable.</p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-code-crunchers-3-6/" data-type="stem-content">Quantum Code Crunchers</a></p> <p>NASA Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) aims to use quantum communications to securely send and receive space data. Complete our new Quantum Code Crunchers activity to see if you can help NASA crack the hidden code! </p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/quantum-101-comic/">Quantum 101 Comic</a></p> <p>Curious about quantum? Learn the basics of quantum physics and how NASA plans to use quantum to communicate in space through our Quantum 101 comic.</p> </p> <p><a href="https://create.kahoot.it/share/quantum-theory-with-nasa-part-1-vocabulary/484f2010-266c-44c4-9448-6999e0daf57d" rel="noopener">Quantum Kahoot! Game: Quantum Theory with NASA, Part 1: Vocabulary</a></p> <p>The word “quantum” may sound mysterious, but it’s just about the physics of very small things. Learn more about NASA’s work with quantum physics with this quiz.</p> </p> <p><a href="https://create.kahoot.it/share/quantum-theory-with-nasa-part-2-quantum-physics-concepts-history/a1a4b5d9-a941-4c7f-862e-0b3f6ffd9373" rel="noopener">Quantum Kahoot! Game: Quantum Theory with NASA, Part 2: Quantum Physics Concepts and History</a></p> <p>The study of the quantum realm draws on decades of chemistry, mathematics, physics, and engineering. Learn more about NASA’s work and the history of humanity’s investigation into the fundamental forces which hold the universe together!</p> </p> <p><a href="https://esc.gsfc.nasa.gov/news/From_High_School_Physics_Class_to_Quantum_Research" rel="noopener">From High School Physics Class to Quantum Research</a></p> <p>In order to grow our capabilities in quantum, NASA needs to engage the future workforce. Hear more from Manon Bart, a quantum intern from the summer of 2021.</p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mediacast/goddard/2019/the-invisible-network-podcast-episode-14-ansible">The Invisible Network Podcast – Episode 14: Ansible</a></p> <p>Learn more about our quantum future in this episode of The Invisible Network podcast. In this episode, we discuss what’s science fiction and what’s science fact with SCaN quantum experts.</p> </p> <p><a href="https://q12education.org/" rel="noopener">National Q-12 Education Partnership</a></p> <p>Learn more about the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Science Foundation’s efforts to foster a range of training opportunities to increase the capabilities, diversity, and number of students who are ready to engage in the quantum workforce.</p> </p> <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"> <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"> <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"> <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nasa_scan_australia_2022_quantum_slide_002.png"><img width="1344" height="768" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nasa_scan_australia_2022_quantum_slide_002.png?w=1344" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Graphic summarizing NASA's research on quantum communications." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nasa_scan_australia_2022_quantum_slide_002.png 1344w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nasa_scan_australia_2022_quantum_slide_002.png?resize=300,171 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nasa_scan_australia_2022_quantum_slide_002.png?resize=768,439 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nasa_scan_australia_2022_quantum_slide_002.png?resize=1024,585 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nasa_scan_australia_2022_quantum_slide_002.png?resize=400,229 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nasa_scan_australia_2022_quantum_slide_002.png?resize=600,343 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nasa_scan_australia_2022_quantum_slide_002.png?resize=900,514 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/nasa_scan_australia_2022_quantum_slide_002.png?resize=1200,686 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"> <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Example Overview of a Quantum Space Communications Network</div> <div class="hds-credits">NASA</div> </figcaption></div> </div> </div> <h2 id="hds-sidebar-nav-6" class="heading-36 hds-reference-section-heading">Latest Quantum Achievements</h2> </p> </p> <p>Explore NASA’s achievements in quantum research and technology applications across the agency.</p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/space-station-to-host-self-healing-quantum-communications-tech-demo/" data-type="post" data-id="94300">Space Station to Host ‘Self-Healing’ Quantum Communications Tech Demo</a></p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/quantum-technologies-are-changing-the-face-of-unmanned-aircraft-communications/" data-type="post" data-id="38409">Quantum Technologies are Changing the Face of Unmanned Aircraft Communications</a></p> </p> <p><a href="https://coldatomlab.jpl.nasa.gov/" rel="noopener">NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cold Atom Lab</a></p> </p> </p> <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"> <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"> <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"> <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-cover "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg"><img width="1763" height="994" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg?w=1763" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="SEAQUE will be hosted on the International Space Station by the Nanoracks Bishop airlock." style="transform: scale(1.2); transform-origin: 52% 0%; object-position: 52% 0%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg 1763w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg?resize=768,433 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg?resize=1024,577 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg?resize=1536,866 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg?resize=400,226 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg?resize=600,338 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg?resize=900,507 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/1_bishop-airlock-install-1.jpg?resize=1200,677 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 1763px) 100vw, 1763px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"> <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">SEAQUE will be hosted on the International Space Station by the Nanoracks Bishop airlock. The blue-and-gold brackets attached to the side of the airlock are for external payloads. The technology demonstration will be installed at one of those sites.</div> <div class="hds-credits">NASA</div> </figcaption></div> </div> </div> <h2 id="hds-sidebar-nav-7" class="heading-36 hds-reference-section-heading">Quantum Workshop</h2> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </p> <p>In January 2020, NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) sponsored a workshop hosted by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California – Berkeley called <strong>Workshop on Space Quantum Communications and Networks: Developing a Roadmap to Quantum Communications in Space</strong>. The workshop brought together over 70 esteemed technical and program leaders from academia, industry, and government agencies who, over two days, determined which critical quantum technologies for space communications and networking NASA needed to develop and mature for an efficiently-designed and executed quantum-technology demonstration space mission. Presentations from the workshop and the final report can be found below:</p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/scan/engineering/technology/quantum_communications_workshop_proceedings">Workshop Presentations: Developing the Roadmap to Quantum Communications in Space</a></p> </p> <div id="" class="hds-media hds-module wp-block-image"> <div class="margin-left-auto margin-right-auto nasa-block-align-inline"> <div class="hds-media-wrapper margin-left-auto margin-right-auto"> <figure class="hds-media-inner hds-cover-wrapper hds-media-ratio-fit "><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png"><img width="2048" height="1637" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?w=2048" class="attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048" alt="Space Communications and Navigation intern, Ryan Hashi, tests equipment in the Quantum Communications Lab at NASA’s Glenn Research Center." style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 47% 91%; object-position: 47% 91%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png 5005w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?resize=300,240 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?resize=768,614 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?resize=1024,818 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?resize=1536,1228 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?resize=2048,1637 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?resize=400,320 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?resize=600,480 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?resize=900,719 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?resize=1200,959 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/vjw-0736.png?resize=2000,1598 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" /></a></figure><figcaption class="hds-caption padding-y-2"> <div class="hds-caption-text p-sm margin-0">Space Communications and Navigation intern, Ryan Hashi, tests equipment in the Quantum Communications Lab at NASA’s Glenn Research Center.</div> <div class="hds-credits">NASA/Molly Kearns</div> </figcaption></div> </div> </div> <h2 id="hds-sidebar-nav-8" class="heading-36 hds-reference-section-heading">World Quantum Day</h2> <div style="height:10px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <p>World Quantum Day is a global initiative that aims to promote the public’s understanding of Quantum Science and Technology. NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation program office is excited to participate in this year’s World Quantum Day on April 14, 2022. More information on World Quantum Day can be found on the <a href="https://worldquantumday.org/" rel="noopener">World Quantum Day</a> website.</p> </p> <p>NASA’s participation in World Quantum Day is in conjunction with other federal agencies as part of the National Quantum Initiative. The <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/6227/text" rel="noopener">National Quantum Initiative (NQI) Act</a>, signed into law December 21, 2018, provides for the continued leadership of the United States in Quantum Information Science (QIS) and its technology applications. The NQI Act calls for a coordinated Federal program to accelerate quantum research and development for the economic and national security of the United States. More information can be found at <a href="http://www.quantum.gov/" rel="noopener">quantum.gov</a>.</p> </p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube"> <div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe loading="lazy" title="Why Quantum? Why Now? NASA Celebrates World Quantum Day" width="500" height="281" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/MB7FngNPemQ?feature=oembed" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> </figure> <h2 id="hds-sidebar-nav-9" class="heading-36 hds-reference-section-heading">SCaN Quantum Contacts</h2> </p> </p> <p><strong>Dr. Nasser Barghouty</strong><br />Chief Scientist & Quantum Science and Technology Lead at NASA-SCaN<br />NASA Headquarters</p> <p>nasser.barghouty@nasa.gov</p> <p><strong>Dr. Eleanor G. Rieffel</strong><br />Senior Research Scientist<br />Lead, <a href="https://ti.arc.nasa.gov/tech/dash/groups/quail/" rel="noopener">Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory </a>(QuAIL)<br /><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/ames">NASA’s Ames Research Center</a><br /><a href="mailto:eleanor.rieffel@nasa.gov">eleanor.rieffel@nasa.gov</a></p> </p> <p><strong>La Vida Cooper</strong><br />Associate Program Manager<br />Exploration and Space Communications (ESC) Projects Division<br />Quantum Technology Development<br /><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center</a><br /><a href="mailto:lavida.d.cooper@nasa.gov">lavida.d.cooper@nasa.gov</a></p> <p><strong>Dr. Harry Shaw</strong><br />Staff Engineer ACCESS Quantum Project<br /><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/goddard">NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center</a><br /><a href="mailto:harry.c.shaw@nasa.gov">harry.c.shaw@nasa.gov</a></p> </p> <p><strong>John Nowakowski, P.E.</strong><br />Engineering Project Management<br />Quantum Metrology Research<br /><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/glenn/">NASA’s Glenn Research Center</a><br /><a href="mailto:john.j.nowakowski@nasa.gov">john.j.nowakowski@nasa.gov</a></p> </div></div></div></div><div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 nasa_template_article_b hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-credits-and-details"> <section class="padding-x-0 padding-top-5 padding-bottom-2 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9"> <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0"> <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-2 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black"> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h2 class="heading-14">Share</h2> </div> <div class="padding-bottom-2"> <ul class="social-icons social-icons-round"> <li class="social-icon social-icon-x"> <a href="https://x.com/intent/tweet?via=NASA&text=Quantum%20Communications&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fquantum-communications%2F" aria-label="Share on X."> <svg width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="white"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-icon social-icon-facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fquantum-communications%2F" aria-label="Share on Facebook."> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M9 8h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.642l.358-4h-4v-1.667c0-.955.192-1.333 1.115-1.333h2.885v-5h-3.808c-3.596 0-5.192 1.583-5.192 4.615v3.385z"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-icon social-icon-linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fdirectorates%2Fsomd%2Fspace-communications-navigation-program%2Fquantum-communications%2F" aria-label="Share on LinkedIn."> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M4.98 3.5c0 1.381-1.11 2.5-2.48 2.5s-2.48-1.119-2.48-2.5c0-1.38 1.11-2.5 2.48-2.5s2.48 1.12 2.48 2.5zm.02 4.5h-5v16h5v-16zm7.982 0h-4.968v16h4.969v-8.399c0-4.67 6.029-5.052 6.029 0v8.399h4.988v-10.131c0-7.88-8.922-7.593-11.018-3.714v-2.155z"/></svg> </a> </li> <li class="social-icon social-icon-rss"> <a href="/feed/" aria-label="Subscribe to RSS feed."> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 800 800" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M493 652H392c0-134-111-244-244-244V307c189 0 345 156 345 345zm71 0c0-228-188-416-416-416V132c285 0 520 235 520 520z"/><circle cx="219" cy="581" r="71"/></svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black"> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <h2 class="heading-14">Details</h2> </div> <div class="grid-row margin-bottom-3"> <div class="grid-col-4"> <div class="subheading">Last Updated</div> </div> <div class="grid-col-8">Jul 10, 2024</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-5 padding-right-4 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0"><div class="padding-top-3 border-top-1px border-color-carbon-black "><div class="margin-bottom-2"><h2 class="heading-14">Related Terms</h2></div><ul class="article-tags"><li class="article-tag"><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-directorates/space-operations/space-communications-and-navigation-scan-program/">Space Communications & Navigation Program</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </section> </div></div></div></div></div><div id="" class="nasa-gb-align-full width-full maxw-full padding-x-3 padding-y-0 hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles"> <section class="hds-related-articles padding-x-0 padding-y-3 desktop:padding-top-7 desktop:padding-bottom-9"> <div class="w-100 grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0 text-align-left"> <div class="margin-bottom-4"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;" class="width-full w-full maxw-full">Explore More</h2></div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-container maxw-widescreen padding-0"> <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/somd/space-communications-navigation-program/nasa-program-aids-pediatric-patients-facing-medical-treatments/" class="color-carbon-black"> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile"> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img width="300" height="167" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/kjell-lindgren-mission-all-systems-go-patient-photo.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/kjell-lindgren-mission-all-systems-go-patient-photo.jpg 1290w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/kjell-lindgren-mission-all-systems-go-patient-photo.jpg?resize=300,167 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/kjell-lindgren-mission-all-systems-go-patient-photo.jpg?resize=768,427 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/kjell-lindgren-mission-all-systems-go-patient-photo.jpg?resize=1024,570 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/kjell-lindgren-mission-all-systems-go-patient-photo.jpg?resize=400,223 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/kjell-lindgren-mission-all-systems-go-patient-photo.jpg?resize=600,334 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/kjell-lindgren-mission-all-systems-go-patient-photo.jpg?resize=900,501 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/kjell-lindgren-mission-all-systems-go-patient-photo.jpg?resize=1200,668 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div> </div> <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10"> <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Program Aids Pediatric Patients Facing Medical Treatments</h3></div> <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg> <span>Article</span> </span> <span class=""> 5 days ago </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/precision-pointing-goes-the-distance-on-nasa-experiment/" class="color-carbon-black"> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile"> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img width="300" height="169" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-dsoc-uplink.webp?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-dsoc-uplink.webp 1881w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-dsoc-uplink.webp?resize=300,169 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-dsoc-uplink.webp?resize=768,432 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-dsoc-uplink.webp?resize=1024,576 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-dsoc-uplink.webp?resize=1536,864 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-dsoc-uplink.webp?resize=400,225 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-dsoc-uplink.webp?resize=600,337 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-dsoc-uplink.webp?resize=900,506 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/1-dsoc-uplink.webp?resize=1200,675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div> </div> <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10"> <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">Precision Pointing Goes the Distance on NASA Experiment</h3></div> <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg> <span>Article</span> </span> <span class=""> 1 week ago </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0 desktop:padding-right-3"> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/general/nasa-technologies-named-among-time-inventions-of-2024/" class="color-carbon-black"> <div class="margin-bottom-2"> <div class="hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black minh-mobile"> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img width="300" height="162" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?w=300" class="attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" block_context="nasa-block" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg 5737w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?resize=300,162 300w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?resize=768,414 768w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?resize=1024,552 1024w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?resize=1536,828 1536w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?resize=2048,1104 2048w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?resize=400,216 400w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?resize=600,323 600w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?resize=900,485 900w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?resize=1200,647 1200w, https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/acs3-test-and-final-preparation-for-launch.jpg?resize=2000,1078 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure> </div> </div> <div class="padding-right-0 desktop:padding-right-10"> <div class="subheading margin-bottom-1">4 min read</div> <div class="margin-bottom-1"><h3 class="related-article-title">NASA Technologies Named Among TIME Inventions of 2024</h3></div> <div class="display-flex flex-align-center label related-article-label margin-bottom-1 color-carbon-60"> <span class="display-flex flex-align-center margin-right-2"> <svg version="1.1" class="square-2 margin-right-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="16px" height="16px" viewBox="0 0 16 16" style="enable-background:new 0 0 16 16;" xml:space="preserve"><g><g><path d="M8,0C3.5,0-0.1,3.7,0,8.2C0.1,12.5,3.6,16,8,16c4.4,0,8-3.6,8-8C16,3.5,12.4,0,8,0z M8,15.2 C4,15.2,0.8,12,0.8,8C0.8,4,4,0.8,8,0.8c3.9,0,7.2,3.2,7.2,7.1C15.2,11.9,12,15.2,8,15.2z"/><path d="M5.6,12c0.8-0.8,1.6-1.6,2.4-2.4c0.8,0.8,1.6,1.6,2.4,2.4c0-2.7,0-5.3,0-8C8.8,4,7.2,4,5.6,4 C5.6,6.7,5.6,9.3,5.6,12z"/></g></g></svg> <span>Article</span> </span> <span class=""> 3 weeks ago </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> </section> </div></div></div></div></div><div id="" class="hds-topic-cards nasa-gb-align-full maxw-full width-full padding-y-6 padding-x-3 color-mode-dark hds-module hds-module-full wp-block-nasa-blocks-topic-cards"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-block-lg padding-x-0"> <div class="grid-row flex-align-center margin-bottom-3"> <div class="desktop:grid-col-8 margin-bottom-2 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="label color-carbon-60 margin-bottom-2">Keep Exploring</div> <h2 class="heading-36 line-height-sm">Discover More Topics From NASA</h2> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2 hds-topic-cards-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black"> <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200"> <div> <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1"> <span>Missions</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </p> </div> </div> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-1.jpg" ></figure> </div> </a> <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black"> <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200"> <div> <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1"> <span>Humans in Space</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </p> </div> </div> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-2.jpg" ></figure> </div> </a> <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black"> <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200"> <div> <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1"> <span>Climate Change</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </p> </div> </div> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-3.jpg" ></figure> </div> </a> <a href="#" class="mobile:grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3 topic-card margin-bottom-4 desktop:margin-bottom-0"> <div class="hds-topic-card hds-cover-wrapper cover-hover-zoom bg-carbon-black"> <div class="skrim-overlay skrim-overlay-dark skrim-left mobile-skrim-top padding-3 display-flex flex-align-end flex-justify-start z-200"> <div> <p class="hds-topic-card-heading heading-29 color-spacesuit-white line-height-sm margin-top-0 margin-bottom-1"> <span>Solar System</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="color-nasa-red" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </p> </div> </div> <figure class="hds-media-background "><img loading="lazy" alt="" style="transform: scale(1); transform-origin: 50% 50%; object-position: 50% 50%; object-fit: cover;" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/nasa-blocks/assets/images/topic-cards/topic-card-sample-4.jpg" ></figure> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div><div class="edit-post-link"></div></div></div></div></section></article> </main><!-- #main --> <footer class="usa-footer bg-carbon-black-important padding-x-3 padding-y-7"> <div class="usa-footer__primary-section bg-carbon-black-important"> <div class="grid-container grid-container-widescreen padding-x-0"> <img fetchpriority="low" width="63.99" height="53.94" class="width-8 margin-bottom-2" alt="NASA Logo" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo@2x.png" srcset="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/themes/nasa/assets/images/nasa-logo.svg"> </div> <div class="grid-container grid-container-widescreen"> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-5 padding-right-0 tablet:padding-right-2 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0 color-spacesuit-white"> <div class="hds-footer-details"> <h3 class="heading-22 line-height-md">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</h3> <p class="p-sm color-carbon-30">NASA explores the unknown in air and space, innovates for the benefit of humanity, and inspires the world through discovery.</p> <ul class="hds-footer-menu usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/"><span>About NASA's Mission</span></a></li> </ul> <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/get-involved/" target="_self" class="button-primary button-primary-sm link-external-false" tabindex="0"> <span class="line-height-alt-1 color-spacesuit-white-important">Join Us</span> <svg viewBox="0 0 32 32" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle class="button-primary-circle" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle><path d="M8 16.956h12.604l-3.844 4.106 1.252 1.338L24 16l-5.988-6.4-1.252 1.338 3.844 4.106H8v1.912z" class="color-spacesuit-white"></path></svg> </a> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-6 margin-bottom-5 desktop:margin-bottom-0 padding-0"> <div class="desktop:padding-left-5 desktop:padding-right-5 grid-row color-spacesuit-white"> <div class="grid-col"> <ul class="hds-footer-menu hds-menu-col-3 usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/"><span>Home</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/"><span>News & Events</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/"><span>Multimedia</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://plus.nasa.gov/" class="usa-nav__link-nasa-live"><span>NASA+</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-missions/"><span>Missions</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/"><span>Humans in Space</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/earth/"><span>Earth & Climate</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/"><span>The Solar System</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/universe/"><span>The Universe</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/"><span>Science</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/aeronautics/"><span>Aeronautics</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/technology/"><span>Technology</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/learning-resources/"><span>Learning Resources</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/"><span>About NASA</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/es/" target="_blank"><span>NASA en Español</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-4 desktop:grid-col-2 color-spacesuit-white margin-bottom-5 tablet:margin-bottom-0 padding-right-5 desktop:padding-right-0"> <div class="width-fit-content margin-left-0 desktop:margin-left-auto"> <div class="hds-footer-socials margin-bottom-2"> <h3 class="heading-16 color-carbon-40 margin-bottom-2">Follow NASA</h3> <ul class="social-icons margin-bottom-3"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/NASA" title="NASA on Facebook" target="_blank"><svg alt="Facebook" width="9" height="18" viewBox="0 0 9 18" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8.55557 4.25966H6.95557C6.31794 4.25966 6.1852 4.52158 6.1852 5.18173V6.63003H8.55557L8.30787 9.0004H6.1852V17.2967H2.62965V9.0004H0.259277V6.63003H2.62965V3.89462C2.62965 1.79803 3.73306 0.704102 6.21957 0.704102H8.55557V4.25966Z" fill="#F7F5F4"></path></svg></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nasa/" title="NASA on Instagram" target="_blank"><svg alt="Instagram" width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.74015 9.0004C4.74015 11.3542 6.64829 13.2611 9.00089 13.2611C11.3535 13.2611 13.2616 11.353 13.2616 9.0004C13.2616 6.6478 11.3535 4.74084 9.00089 4.74084C6.64829 4.74084 4.74015 6.6478 4.74015 9.0004ZM11.7625 9.00037C11.7625 10.5281 10.524 11.7654 8.9975 11.7654C7.47098 11.7654 6.23247 10.5281 6.23247 9.00037C6.23247 7.47267 7.47098 6.23533 8.9975 6.23533C10.524 6.23533 11.7625 7.47267 11.7625 9.00037Z" fill="#F7F5F4"></path><path d="M12.4344 4.57255C12.4344 5.12247 12.88 5.5681 13.4299 5.5681C13.9798 5.5681 14.4255 5.12129 14.4255 4.57255C14.4255 4.02262 13.9798 3.57699 13.4299 3.57699C12.88 3.57699 12.4344 4.02262 12.4344 4.57255Z" fill="#F7F5F4"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.4225 17.2469C15.4317 17.1083 17.1111 15.4371 17.2474 12.4208C17.2877 11.5367 17.2972 11.2534 17.2972 9.0004C17.2972 6.74736 17.2877 6.46529 17.2474 5.57995C17.1123 2.57077 15.4388 0.893731 12.4225 0.755065C11.5372 0.713583 11.2539 0.704102 9.00089 0.704102C6.74785 0.704102 6.46578 0.713583 5.58044 0.755065C2.56652 0.892546 0.893034 2.56484 0.754367 5.57995C0.714071 6.46529 0.70459 6.74736 0.70459 9.0004C0.70459 11.2534 0.714071 11.5367 0.754367 12.4208C0.893034 15.4348 2.56533 17.1083 5.58044 17.2469C6.46578 17.2872 6.74785 17.2967 9.00089 17.2967C11.2539 17.2967 11.5372 17.2872 12.4225 17.2469ZM9.00089 2.19981C11.216 2.19981 11.4791 2.20692 12.3538 2.24721C14.6021 2.35032 15.651 3.41699 15.7553 5.64869C15.7944 6.52336 15.8027 6.78529 15.8027 9.0004C15.8027 11.2155 15.7944 11.4786 15.7553 12.3533C15.651 14.5838 14.6044 15.6528 12.3538 15.7548C11.4791 15.7951 11.2172 15.8034 9.00089 15.8034C6.78577 15.8034 6.52266 15.7939 5.64918 15.7548C3.39378 15.6517 2.35081 14.5803 2.2477 12.3533C2.20859 11.4774 2.19911 11.2155 2.19911 9.0004C2.19911 6.78529 2.20859 6.52336 2.2477 5.64869C2.35081 3.41581 3.39852 2.35032 5.64918 2.24721C6.52385 2.2081 6.78577 2.19981 9.00089 2.19981Z" fill="#F7F5F4"></path></svg></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://x.com/NASA" title="NASA on X" target="_blank"><svg alt="X" width="1200" height="1227" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="white"/></svg></a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@NASA" title="NASA on YouTube" target="_blank"><svg alt="YouTube" width="18" height="12" viewBox="0 0 18 12" fill="none" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3.73629 11.7981C6.224 11.9687 11.773 11.9687 14.2643 11.7981C16.9594 11.6132 17.2759 10.3012 17.2972 6.00015C17.2759 1.7074 16.963 0.387108 14.2643 0.202219C11.7742 0.0315521 6.224 0.0315521 3.73629 0.202219C1.04237 0.387108 0.724738 1.69911 0.70459 6.00015C0.724738 10.2929 1.03881 11.6132 3.73629 11.7981ZM6.6283 3.22455L12.4559 5.99552L6.6283 8.77596V3.22455Z" fill="#F7F5F4"></path></svg></a> </li> </ul> </div> <ul class="hds-footer-menu usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/social-media/"><span>More NASA Social Accounts</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-newsletters/"><span>NASA Newsletters</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-12 margin-bottom-2 padding-top-3 border-top-1px hds-footer-secondary"> <ul class="color-carbon-30-important hds-footer-menu hds-footer-menu-horizontal usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/sitemap/"><span>Sitemap</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/news/nasa-media-contacts/"><span>For Media</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-web-privacy-policy-and-important-notices/"><span>Privacy Policy</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/foia/"><span>FOIA</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/no-fear-act/"><span>No FEAR Act</span></a></li> <li><a href="http://oig.nasa.gov/" target="_blank"><span>Office of the IG</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/budgets-plans-and-reports/"><span>Budget & Annual Reports</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/organizations/budget-annual-reports/agency-financial-reports/"><span>Agency Financial Reports</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/contact-nasa/"><span>Contact NASA</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/accessibility/"><span>Accessibility</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="margin-top-4 desktop:margin-top-0 grid-col-12"> <ul class="color-carbon-40-important hds-footer-menu hds-footer-menu-horizontal hds-menu-meta usa-unstyled-list"> <li class="hds-footer-meta"> <div class="hds-footer-meta-label"> Page Last Updated: </div> <div class="hds-footer-meta-value"> Jul 10, 2024 </div> </li> <li class="hds-footer-meta"> <div class="hds-footer-meta-label"> Page Editor: </div> <div class="hds-footer-meta-value"> Jacqueline E. Zito </div> </li> <li class="hds-footer-meta"> <div class="hds-footer-meta-label"> Responsible NASA Official: </div> <div class="hds-footer-meta-value"> Abigail Bowman </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <style id='nasa-blocks-article-intro-style-inline-css'> </style> <style id='wp-block-image-inline-css'> .wp-block-image img{box-sizing:border-box;height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-image[style*=border-radius] img,.wp-block-image[style*=border-radius]>a{border-radius:inherit}.wp-block-image.has-custom-border img{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-image.aligncenter{text-align:center}.wp-block-image.alignfull img,.wp-block-image.alignwide img{height:auto;width:100%}.wp-block-image .aligncenter,.wp-block-image .alignleft,.wp-block-image .alignright,.wp-block-image.aligncenter,.wp-block-image.alignleft,.wp-block-image.alignright{display:table}.wp-block-image .aligncenter>figcaption,.wp-block-image .alignleft>figcaption,.wp-block-image .alignright>figcaption,.wp-block-image.aligncenter>figcaption,.wp-block-image.alignleft>figcaption,.wp-block-image.alignright>figcaption{caption-side:bottom;display:table-caption}.wp-block-image .alignleft{float:left;margin:.5em 1em .5em 0}.wp-block-image .alignright{float:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em}.wp-block-image .aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-image figcaption{margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:.5em}.wp-block-image .is-style-rounded img,.wp-block-image.is-style-circle-mask img,.wp-block-image.is-style-rounded img{border-radius:9999px}@supports ((-webkit-mask-image:none) or (mask-image:none)) or (-webkit-mask-image:none){.wp-block-image.is-style-circle-mask img{border-radius:0;-webkit-mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="50"/></svg>');mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><circle cx="50" cy="50" r="50"/></svg>');mask-mode:alpha;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain}}.wp-block-image :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}.wp-block-image figure{margin:0}.wp-lightbox-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative}.wp-lightbox-container img{cursor:zoom-in}.wp-lightbox-container img:hover+button{opacity:1}.wp-lightbox-container button{align-items:center;-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(180%);backdrop-filter:blur(16px) saturate(180%);background-color:#5a5a5a40;border:none;border-radius:4px;cursor:zoom-in;display:flex;height:20px;justify-content:center;opacity:0;padding:0;position:absolute;right:16px;text-align:center;top:16px;transition:opacity .2s ease;width:20px;z-index:100}.wp-lightbox-container button:focus-visible{outline:3px auto #5a5a5a40;outline:3px auto -webkit-focus-ring-color;outline-offset:3px}.wp-lightbox-container button:hover{cursor:pointer;opacity:1}.wp-lightbox-container button:focus{opacity:1}.wp-lightbox-container button:focus,.wp-lightbox-container button:hover,.wp-lightbox-container button:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background-color:#5a5a5a40;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay{box-sizing:border-box;cursor:zoom-out;height:100vh;left:0;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;top:0;visibility:hidden;width:100%;z-index:100000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button{align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:center;min-height:40px;min-width:40px;padding:0;position:absolute;right:calc(env(safe-area-inset-right) + 16px);top:calc(env(safe-area-inset-top) + 16px);z-index:5000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button:focus,.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button:hover,.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background:none;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay .lightbox-image-container{height:var(--wp--lightbox-container-height);left:50%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform-origin:top left;width:var(--wp--lightbox-container-width);z-index:9999999999}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image{align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;margin:0;position:relative;transform-origin:0 0;width:100%;z-index:3000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image img{height:var(--wp--lightbox-image-height);min-height:var(--wp--lightbox-image-height);min-width:var(--wp--lightbox-image-width);width:var(--wp--lightbox-image-width)}.wp-lightbox-overlay .wp-block-image figcaption{display:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay button{background:none;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay .scrim{background-color:#fff;height:100%;opacity:.9;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:2000000}.wp-lightbox-overlay.active{animation:turn-on-visibility .25s both;visibility:visible}.wp-lightbox-overlay.active img{animation:turn-on-visibility .35s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.show-closing-animation:not(.active){animation:turn-off-visibility .35s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.show-closing-animation:not(.active) img{animation:turn-off-visibility .25s both}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active{animation:none;opacity:1;visibility:visible}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .lightbox-image-container{animation:lightbox-zoom-in .4s}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .lightbox-image-container img{animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.active .scrim{animation:turn-on-visibility .4s forwards}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active){animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .lightbox-image-container{animation:lightbox-zoom-out .4s}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .lightbox-image-container img{animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .scrim{animation:turn-off-visibility .4s forwards}}@keyframes turn-on-visibility{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes turn-off-visibility{0%{opacity:1;visibility:visible}99%{opacity:0;visibility:visible}to{opacity:0;visibility:hidden}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-in{0%{transform:translate(calc((-100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width))/2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale))}to{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1)}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-out{0%{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1);visibility:visible}99%{visibility:visible}to{transform:translate(calc((-100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width))/2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale));visibility:hidden}} </style> <style id='wp-block-heading-inline-css'> h1.has-background,h2.has-background,h3.has-background,h4.has-background,h5.has-background,h6.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}h1.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h1.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h2.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h2.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h3.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h3.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h4.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h4.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h5.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h5.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]),h6.has-text-align-left[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-lr]),h6.has-text-align-right[style*=writing-mode]:where([style*=vertical-rl]){rotate:180deg} </style> <style id='wp-block-spacer-inline-css'> .wp-block-spacer{clear:both} </style> <style id='wp-block-paragraph-inline-css'> .is-small-text{font-size:.875em}.is-regular-text{font-size:1em}.is-large-text{font-size:2.25em}.is-larger-text{font-size:3em}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:none;margin-left:.1em}p.has-drop-cap.has-background{overflow:hidden}p.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}p.has-text-align-left[style*="writing-mode:vertical-lr"],p.has-text-align-right[style*="writing-mode:vertical-rl"]{rotate:180deg} </style> <style id='wp-block-embed-inline-css'> .wp-block-embed.alignleft,.wp-block-embed.alignright,.wp-block[data-align=left]>[data-type="core/embed"],.wp-block[data-align=right]>[data-type="core/embed"]{max-width:360px;width:100%}.wp-block-embed.alignleft .wp-block-embed__wrapper,.wp-block-embed.alignright .wp-block-embed__wrapper,.wp-block[data-align=left]>[data-type="core/embed"] .wp-block-embed__wrapper,.wp-block[data-align=right]>[data-type="core/embed"] .wp-block-embed__wrapper{min-width:280px}.wp-block-cover .wp-block-embed{min-height:240px;min-width:320px}.wp-block-embed{overflow-wrap:break-word}.wp-block-embed figcaption{margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:.5em}.wp-block-embed iframe{max-width:100%}.wp-block-embed__wrapper{position:relative}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-has-aspect-ratio .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{content:"";display:block;padding-top:50%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-has-aspect-ratio iframe{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-21-9 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:42.85%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-18-9 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:50%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-16-9 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:56.25%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-4-3 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:75%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-1-1 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:100%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-9-16 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:177.77%}.wp-embed-responsive .wp-embed-aspect-1-2 .wp-block-embed__wrapper:before{padding-top:200%} </style> <style id='nasa-blocks-credits-and-details-style-inline-css'> </style> <style id='nasa-blocks-related-articles-style-inline-css'> .featured-mission-countdown{display:flex}.countdown-item{align-items:flex-start;display:flex}.countdown-item h3{align-items:center;color:#288bff;display:flex;font-family:dm-mono,mono;font-size:3rem;font-weight:300;margin:0 auto}.countdown-item span{color:#959599}.countdown-item:after{color:#288bff;content:":";display:block;font-size:3rem;margin:0 15px;opacity:1;top:0;visibility:visible}.countdown-item:last-child:after{display:none}.wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles p{margin:0 0 15px;padding:0}.wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles h3.related-article-title{font-family:Inter;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;line-height:20px}.wp-block-nasa-blocks-related-articles .label.related-article-label{letter-spacing:.25px}.hds-related-articles a{display:block;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='nasa-blocks-topic-cards-style-inline-css'> </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.nasa.gov/_static/??-eJyNzTEOgzAMheELERyCRKeqZ0HEUKdJjOwA6u3J0IEJdX7frwfHaihPcfOoEBQ8aYEds2eBOq0cvzPFWA1KaRPlNmgDN5HggtWOhcXIlgsl/Ce7fN3yN/NHf+KVnt2jd84O1rpwAijVSho=" defer></script><script defer="defer" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script id="wp-parsely-loader-js-before"> window.wpParselySiteId = 'nasa.gov'; </script> <script defer="defer" src="https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/plugins/wp-parsely/build/loader.js?ver=71d37502d12f3838b80d" id="wp-parsely-loader-js"></script> <script id="wp-parsely-tracker-js-before"> window.PARSELY = window.PARSELY || (window.PARSELY = {}); PARSELY.cookieDomain = window.location.host; </script> <script data-parsely-site="nasa.gov" defer="defer" src="https://cdn.parsely.com/keys/nasa.gov/p.js?ver=3.14.1" id="parsely-cfg"></script> </body> </html>