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to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Bowdon_College" title="Bowdon College">Bowdon College</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Bowdoin College (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈboʊdɪn/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b1\/En-US-Bowdoin.ogg\/En-US-Bowdoin.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-US-Bowdoin.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/En-US-Bowdoin.ogg/En-US-Bowdoin.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-US-Bowdoin.ogg" title="File:En-US-Bowdoin.ogg">ⓘ</a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Private_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Private college">private</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_colleges_in_the_United_States" title="Liberal arts colleges in the United States">liberal arts college</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Maine" title="Brunswick, Maine">Brunswick, Maine</a>. When Bowdoin was chartered in 1794, Maine was still a part of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Massachusetts">Commonwealth of Massachusetts</a>. The college offers 35 majors and 40 minors, as well as several joint engineering programs with <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caltech" class="mw-redirect" title="Caltech">Caltech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maine" title="University of Maine">University of Maine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Bowdoin College</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Formal_Seal_of_Bowdoin_College,_Brunswick,_ME,_USA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Formal_Seal_of_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME%2C_USA.svg/150px-Formal_Seal_of_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME%2C_USA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Formal_Seal_of_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME%2C_USA.svg/225px-Formal_Seal_of_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME%2C_USA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Formal_Seal_of_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME%2C_USA.svg/300px-Formal_Seal_of_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME%2C_USA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">Ut Aquila Versus Coelum<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Motto in English</div></th><td class="infobox-data">As an eagle towards the sky</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Private college">Private</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">liberal arts college</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">June 24, 1794; 230 years ago (1794-06-24)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Accreditation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_England_Commission_of_Higher_Education" title="New England Commission of Higher Education">NECHE</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Group" title="Annapolis Group">Annapolis Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Colby-Bates-Bowdoin_Consortium" title="Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium">CBBC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consortium_of_Liberal_Arts_Colleges" title="Consortium of Liberal Arts Colleges">CLAC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Consortium_on_Financing_Higher_Education" title="Consortium on Financing Higher Education">COFHE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Oberlin_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberlin Group">Oberlin Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Space_Grant_College_and_Fellowship_Program" title="National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program">Space-grant</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">US$2.4 <a href="/wiki/Billion" title="Billion">billion</a> (2023)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Safa_Zaki" title="Safa Zaki">Safa Zaki</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">206<a href="#cite_note-Common_Data_Set_2022-23-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,850 (fall 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Maine" title="Brunswick, Maine">Brunswick</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bowdoin_College&params=43_54_31_N_69_57_46_W_">43°54′31″N 69°57′46″W / 43.90861°N 69.96278°W / 43.90861; -69.96278</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Suburban, 207 acres (84 ha)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Bowdoin_Orient" title="The Bowdoin Orient">The Bowdoin Orient</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Black and white<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_Polar_Bears" title="Bowdoin Polar Bears">Polar Bears</a><a href="#cite_note-Athletics_Quick_Facts-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Sporting affiliations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Division_III_(NCAA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division III (NCAA)">NCAA Division III</a> – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Small_College_Athletic_Conference" title="New England Small College Athletic Conference">NESCAC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Intercollegiate_Sailing_Association" title="New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association">NEISA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Intercollegiate_Ski_Association" title="Eastern Intercollegiate Ski Association">EISA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bowdoin.edu/">www.bowdoin.edu</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895401#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowdoin-wordmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bowdoin-wordmark.jpg/180px-Bowdoin-wordmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bowdoin-wordmark.jpg/270px-Bowdoin-wordmark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Bowdoin-wordmark.jpg/360px-Bowdoin-wordmark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="148"></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The college was a founding member of its <a href="/wiki/Athletic_conference" title="Athletic conference">athletic conference</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Small_College_Athletic_Conference" title="New England Small College Athletic Conference">New England Small College Athletic Conference</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Colby-Bates-Bowdoin_Consortium" title="Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium">Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium</a>, an athletic conference and inter-library exchange with <a href="/wiki/Bates_College" title="Bates College">Bates College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colby_College" title="Colby College">Colby College</a>. Bowdoin has over 30 varsity teams, and the school mascot was selected as a <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">polar bear</a> in 1913 to honor <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Robert Peary</a>, a Bowdoin <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bowdoin_College_people" title="List of Bowdoin College people">alumnus</a> who led the first successful expedition to the North Pole.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Between the years 1821 and 1921, Bowdoin operated a medical school called the "Medical School of Maine."<a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a> The main Bowdoin campus is located near <a href="/wiki/Casco_Bay" title="Casco Bay">Casco Bay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Androscoggin_River" title="Androscoggin River">Androscoggin River</a>. In addition to its Brunswick campus, Bowdoin owns a 118-acre (48 ha) coastal studies center on <a href="/wiki/Orr%27s_Island" title="Orr's Island">Orr's Island</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> and a 200-acre (81 ha) scientific field station on <a href="/wiki/Kent_Island_(New_Brunswick)" title="Kent Island (New Brunswick)">Kent Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Founding_and_19th_century">1.1 Founding and 19th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#20th_century">1.2 20th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#21st_century">1.3 21st century</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Admissions">2 Admissions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Academics">3 Academics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Rankings">3.1 Rankings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Student_life">4 Student life</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Clubs">4.1 Clubs</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Media_and_publications">4.1.1 Media and publications</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#A_cappella">4.1.2 A cappella</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Environmental_record">5 Environmental record</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Campus">6 Campus</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Brunswick_main_campus">6.1 Brunswick main campus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Other_properties">6.2 Other properties</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Athletics">7 Athletics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Notable_alumni">8 Notable alumni</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References">9 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#External_links">10 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_19th_century">Founding and 19th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding and 19th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowdoin_College_1845.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bowdoin_College_1845.jpeg/220px-Bowdoin_College_1845.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="454"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bowdoin_College_1845.jpeg/220px-Bowdoin_College_1845.jpeg" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bowdoin_College_1845.jpeg/330px-Bowdoin_College_1845.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Bowdoin_College_1845.jpeg/440px-Bowdoin_College_1845.jpeg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bowdoin College, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1845 (Lithograph by <a href="/wiki/Fitz_Henry_Lane" title="Fitz Henry Lane">Fitz Hugh Lane</a>).</figcaption></figure> Bowdoin College was chartered in 1794 by the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts State Legislature</a> and was later redirected under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Maine_Legislature" title="Maine Legislature">Maine Legislature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> It was named for former Massachusetts governor <a href="/wiki/James_Bowdoin" title="James Bowdoin">James Bowdoin</a>, whose son <a href="/wiki/James_Bowdoin_III" title="James Bowdoin III">James Bowdoin III</a> was an early benefactor.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Bowdoin began to develop in the 1820s, a decade in which Maine became an independent state as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a> and graduated U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>. The college also graduated two literary philosophers, the writers <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a>, both of whom graduated <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a> in 1825. Pierce and Hawthorne began an official militia company called the 'Bowdoin Cadets'.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Campus_view(tower).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Campus_view%28tower%29.jpg/220px-Campus_view%28tower%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Campus_view%28tower%29.jpg/220px-Campus_view%28tower%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Campus_view%28tower%29.jpg/330px-Campus_view%28tower%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Campus_view%28tower%29.jpg/440px-Campus_view%28tower%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View of the campus from Coles Tower.</figcaption></figure> From its founding, Bowdoin was known to educate the sons of the political elite and "catered very largely to the wealthy conservative from the state of Maine."<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> During the first half of the 19th century, Bowdoin required of its students a certificate of "good moral character" as well as knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>, geography, algebra, and the major works of <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenophon" title="Xenophon">Xenophon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a> started writing her influential anti-slavery novel, <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a>, in Brunswick while her husband was teaching at the college, and <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">Brevet</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major General</a>) <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Chamberlain" title="Joshua Chamberlain">Joshua Chamberlain</a>, a Bowdoin alumnus and professor, was present at the surrender of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a> at <a href="/wiki/Appomattox_Court_House_National_Historical_Park" title="Appomattox Court House National Historical Park">Appomattox Court House</a> in 1865. Chamberlain, a <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor" title="Medal of Honor">Medal of Honor</a> recipient who later served as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Maine" title="Governor of Maine">governor of Maine</a>, adjutant-general of Maine, and president of Bowdoin, fought at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gettysburg" title="Battle of Gettysburg">Gettysburg</a>, where he was in command of the <a href="/wiki/20th_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Maine">20th Maine</a> in defense of <a href="/wiki/Little_Round_Top" title="Little Round Top">Little Round Top</a>. Major General <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Otis_Howard" title="Oliver Otis Howard">Oliver Otis Howard</a>, class of 1850, led the <a href="/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Bureau" title="Freedmen's Bureau">Freedmen's Bureau</a> after the war and later founded <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a>; Massachusetts Governor <a href="/wiki/John_A._Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Andrew">John Andrew</a>, class of 1837, was responsible for the formation of the <a href="/wiki/54th_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="54th Massachusetts">54th Massachusetts</a>; and <a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">William P. Fessenden</a> (1823) and <a href="/wiki/Hugh_McCulloch" title="Hugh McCulloch">Hugh McCulloch</a> (1827) both served as Secretary of the Treasury during the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Administration">Lincoln Administration</a>. With strained <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slave-relations</a> between political parties, President Franklin Pierce appointed <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> as his <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a>, and the college awarded the soon-to-be <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America" title="President of the Confederate States of America">President of the Confederacy</a> an honorary degree. The Jefferson Davis Award was given to a student who excelled in legal studies after a donation was given to the college by the <a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The award, however, was discontinued in 2015, with the current college president citing it as inappropriate because it was named after someone "whose mission was to preserve and institutionalize slavery".<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 20th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowdoin_Medical_school.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bowdoin_Medical_school.jpg/220px-Bowdoin_Medical_school.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="578"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bowdoin_Medical_school.jpg/220px-Bowdoin_Medical_school.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bowdoin_Medical_school.jpg/330px-Bowdoin_Medical_school.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bowdoin_Medical_school.jpg/440px-Bowdoin_Medical_school.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bowdoin included the Medical School of Maine from 1821 to 1921.</figcaption></figure> Although Bowdoin's Medical School of Maine closed its doors in 1921,<a href="#cite_note-:1-10">[10]</a> it produced <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Stinchfield" title="Augustus Stinchfield">Augustus Stinchfield</a>, who received his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">M.D.</a> in 1868 and became one of the co-founders of the <a href="/wiki/Mayo_Clinic" title="Mayo Clinic">Mayo Clinic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester, Minnesota</a>. In 1877, the college would go on to graduate <a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Morse" title="Charles W. Morse">Charles Morse</a>, the American banker who established a near-monopoly of the ice business in New York, which directly led to the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1907" title="Panic of 1907">financial Panic of 1907</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Google_Books-20">[20]</a> The college went on to educate and eventually graduate Arctic explorers <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Peary" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert E. Peary">Robert E. Peary</a>, class of 1877, and <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._MacMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald B. MacMillan">Donald B. MacMillan</a>, class of 1898. Robert Peary named <a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_Fjord" title="Bowdoin Fjord">Bowdoin Fjord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_Glacier" title="Bowdoin Glacier">Bowdoin Glacier</a> after his alma mater.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Peary led the first successful expedition to the North Pole in 1908, and MacMillan, a member of Peary's crew, explored <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_(Arctic_schooner)" title="Bowdoin (Arctic schooner)">schooner Bowdoin</a> between 1908 and 1954. <a href="/wiki/Wallace_H._White,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace H. White, Jr.">Wallace H. White, Jr.</a>, class of 1899, served as Senate Minority Leader from 1944 to 1947 and Senate Majority Leader from 1947 to 1949; <a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a>, class of 1954, served as Senate Majority Leader from 1989 to 1995 before assuming an active role in the Northern Ireland peace process.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In 1970, the college became one of a very limited number of liberal arts colleges to make the <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> optional in the admissions process, and in 1971, after nearly 180 years as a small men's college, Bowdoin admitted its first class of women. On February 28, 1997 Bowdoin's Board of Trustees approved a plan to phase out fraternities on campus,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> replacing them with a system of college-owned social houses.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In 1970, Bowdoin began competing in the <a href="/wiki/Colby-Bates-Bowdoin_Consortium" title="Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium">Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium</a>, with Bates and Colby. The consortium became both an athletic rivalry and an academic exchange program. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 21st century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On January 18, 2008, Bowdoin announced that it would eliminate loans for all new and current students receiving financial aid, replacing those loans with grants beginning with the 2008–2009 academic year.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-25">[25]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Barry_Mills_(college_president)" title="Barry Mills (college president)">Barry Mills</a> stated, "Some see a calling in such vital but often low paying fields such as teaching or social work. With significant debt at graduation, some students will undoubtedly be forced to make career or education choices not based on their talents, interests, and promise in a particular field but rather on their capacity to repay student loans. As an institution devoted to the common good, Bowdoin must consider the fairness of such a result."<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-25">[25]</a> In February 2009, following a US$10 million donation (equivalent to $14.2 million in 2023) by <a href="/wiki/Subway_(restaurant)" title="Subway (restaurant)">Subway</a> co-founder and alumnus <a href="/wiki/Peter_Buck_(restauranteur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Buck (restauranteur)">Peter Buck</a>, class of 1952, the college completed a $250-million capital campaign. Additionally, the college has also recently completed major construction projects on the campus, including a renovation of the college's art museum and a new fitness center named after Peter Buck.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> On July 1, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Rose" title="Clayton Rose">Clayton Rose</a> succeeded Mills as president.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Eight years later, on July 1, 2023, <a href="/wiki/Safa_Zaki" title="Safa Zaki">Safa Zaki</a> succeeded Rose as the first woman ever to assume presidency of the college. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Admissions">Admissions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Admissions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> The acceptance rate for the class of 2027 was 8.0%. The applicant pool consisted of 10,930 candidates, up 16% from 9,376 for the class of 2026.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The college received just over 13,200 applications for the class of 2028 – the highest application numbers in the college's history and a continuation of the rise in applications over the past two years. Applications increased by about 20%, surpassing the 10,930 applications received in the class of 2027.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <table style="float:right; font-size:85%; margin:10px; text-align:center; font-size:85%; margin:auto;" class="wikitable"> <caption>Admission statistics </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Class </th> <th>Applicants </th> <th>Admits </th> <th>Selectivity </th> <th>Matriculants </th> <th>Yield </th> <th>SAT scores </th></tr> <tr> <td>2028 </td> <td>13,265 </td> <td>924 </td> <td>6.9% </td> <td>TBA </td> <td>TBA </td> <td>TBA </td></tr> <tr> <td>2027 </td> <td>10,930 </td> <td>879 </td> <td>8.0% </td> <td>504 </td> <td>57% </td> <td>1480–1550 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2026 </td> <td>9,376 </td> <td>862 </td> <td>9.2% </td> <td>508 </td> <td>59% </td> <td>1340–1540 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2025 </td> <td>9,325 </td> <td>822 </td> <td>8.8% </td> <td>517 </td> <td>63% </td> <td>1320–1520 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td>9,402 </td> <td>861 </td> <td>9.2% </td> <td>464 </td> <td>54% </td> <td>1330–1510 </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> classifies Bowdoin as "most selective".<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Of enrolling students, 89% are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Although Bowdoin does not require the <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> in admissions, all students may submit a score upon application. The middle 50% SAT range for the verbal and math sections of the <a href="/wiki/SAT" title="SAT">SAT</a> is 660–750 and 660–750, respectively—numbers of only those submitting scores during the admissions process. The middle 50% ACT range is 30–33.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The April 17, 2008, edition of <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> noted Bowdoin in an article on university admissions: "So-called 'almost-Ivies' such as Bowdoin and Middlebury also saw record low admission rates this year (18% each). It is now as hard to get into Bowdoin, says the college's admissions director, as it was to get into Princeton in the 1970s."<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Many students apply for financial aid, and around 85% of those who apply to receive aid. Bowdoin is a <a href="/wiki/Need-blind" class="mw-redirect" title="Need-blind">need-blind</a> and no-loans institution.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-25">[25]</a> While a significant portion of the student body hails from <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>—including nearly 25% from Massachusetts and 10% from Maine—recent classes have drawn from an increasingly national and international pool. The median family income of Bowdoin students is $195,900, with 57% of students coming from the top 10% of highest-earning families and 17.5% from the bottom 60%.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_mobility_index-34">[34]</a> Although Bowdoin once had a reputation for homogeneity (both ethnically and socioeconomically), a diversity campaign has increased the percentage of students of color in recent classes to more than 31%.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In fact, admission of minorities goes back at least as far as <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_Russwurm" title="John Brown Russwurm">John Brown Russwurm</a> 1826, Bowdoin's first Black college graduate and the third Black graduate of any American college.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Academics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg/220px-Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="624"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg/220px-Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg/330px-Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg/440px-Bowdoin-chapel-winter.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Bowdoin Chapel during the winter semester.</figcaption></figure> Course distribution requirements were abolished in the 1970s but were reinstated by a faculty majority vote in 1981 due to an initiative by oral communication and film professor Barbara Kaster. She insisted that distribution requirements would ensure students a more well-rounded education in a diversity of fields and therefore present them with more career possibilities. The requirements of at least two courses in each of the categories of <a href="/wiki/Natural_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural Sciences">Natural Sciences</a>/mathematics, <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral Sciences">social and behavioral sciences</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">humanities</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine Arts">Fine Arts</a>, and foreign studies (including languages) took effect for the class of 1987 and have been gradually amended since then. Current requirements require one course each in natural sciences, quantitative reasoning, visual and performing arts, international perspectives, and difference, power, and inequity. A small writing-intensive course, called a first-year seminar, is also required.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The most popular majors, by 2021 graduates, were:<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Political Science and Government (82)</dd> <dd>Econometrics and Quantitative Economics (61)</dd> <dd>Biology/Biological Sciences (30)</dd> <dd>Biochemistry (28)</dd> <dd>Neuroscience (25)</dd> <dd>English Language and Literature (25)</dd> <dd>Mathematics (25)</dd></dl></dd></dl> In 1990, the Bowdoin faculty voted to change the four-level grading system to the traditional A, B, C, D, and F system.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The previous system, consisting of high honors, honors, pass, and fail, was devised primarily to de-emphasize the importance of grades and to reduce competition.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In 2002, the faculty decided to change the grading system to incorporate plus and minus grades. In 2006, Bowdoin was named a "Top Producer of <a href="/wiki/Fulbright_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulbright Award">Fulbright Awards</a> for American Students" by the Institute of International Education.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Other notable Bowdoin faculty include (or have included): <a href="/wiki/Edville_Gerhardt_Abbott" title="Edville Gerhardt Abbott">Edville Gerhardt Abbott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Beitz" title="Charles Beitz">Charles Beitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bisbee" title="John Bisbee">John Bisbee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Chadbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Chadbourne">Paul Chadbourne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cornell_(artist)" title="Thomas Cornell (artist)">Thomas Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristen_R._Ghodsee" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen R. Ghodsee">Kristen R. Ghodsee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Glaude" title="Eddie Glaude">Eddie Glaude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnson_(government_official)" title="Joseph E. Johnson (government official)">Joseph E. Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Morgan" title="Richard E. Morgan">Richard Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Schwartz" title="Elliott Schwartz">Elliott Schwartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Chenault" title="Kenneth Chenault">Kenneth Chenault</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Sehon" title="Scott Sehon">Scott Sehon</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rankings">Rankings</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rankings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings_in_the_United_States" title="College and university rankings in the United States">Academic rankings</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">Liberal arts</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report_Best_Colleges_Ranking" title="U.S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking">U.S. News & World Report</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_USNWR_LA-42">[42]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly_college_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Monthly college rankings">Washington Monthly</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Wamo_LA-43">[43]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">11</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">National</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Top_Colleges" title="America's Top Colleges">Forbes</a><a href="#cite_note-Rankings_Forbes_NU-44">[44]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">25</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">WSJ</a>/College Pulse<a href="#cite_note-Rankings_WSJ_NU-45">[45]</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: right;">38</td></tr></tbody></table> In the 2022 edition of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> rankings, Bowdoin was ranked tied for 6th best overall among liberal arts colleges in the United States, tied at 3rd for "Best Undergraduate Teaching", 7th in "Best Value Schools", and tied at 23rd for "Most Innovative Schools".<a href="#cite_note-USNEWS-46">[46]</a> In the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> college rankings, Bowdoin was ranked 48th overall among 498 universities, liberal arts colleges, and service academies and 7th among private liberal arts colleges.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Bowdoin College is <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education accreditation in the United States">accredited</a> by the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Commission_of_Higher_Education" title="New England Commission of Higher Education">New England Commission of Higher Education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Bowdoin was ranked first among 1,204 small colleges in the U.S. by Niche in 2017, but has since fallen to 6th.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Based on students' SAT scores, Bowdoin is tied with <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams</a> for 5th in Business Insider's smartest liberal arts colleges, with an average score of 1435 for math and critical reading combined.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Among all colleges, it is tied with <a href="/wiki/Brown_University" title="Brown University">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams</a> for 22nd.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The college was ranked 5th in the country by <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a> in 2019 based on its contribution to the public good, as measured by social mobility, research, and promoting public service.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> described Bowdoin as a "<a href="/wiki/Little_Ivies" title="Little Ivies">New Ivy</a>", one of a number of liberal arts colleges and universities outside of the <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a>, and it has also been dubbed a "<a href="/wiki/Hidden_Ivies" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidden Ivies">Hidden Ivy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-tws01-54">[54]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Student_life">Student life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Student life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubbard_Hall_-_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_7782.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hubbard_Hall_-_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_7782.JPG/220px-Hubbard_Hall_-_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_7782.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hubbard_Hall_-_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_7782.JPG/220px-Hubbard_Hall_-_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_7782.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hubbard_Hall_-_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_7782.JPG/330px-Hubbard_Hall_-_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_7782.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Hubbard_Hall_-_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_7782.JPG/440px-Hubbard_Hall_-_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_7782.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Hubbard Hall, once the college's library.</figcaption></figure> Bowdoin's dining services have been ranked No. 1 among all universities and colleges nationally by <a href="/wiki/Princeton_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeton Review">Princeton Review</a> in 2004, 2006, 2007, 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2016,<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> with <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reporting: "If it weren't for the trays, and for the fact that most diners are under 25, you'd think it was a restaurant."<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Bowdoin uses food from its organic garden in its two major dining halls, and every academic year begins with a lobster bake outside Farley Fieldhouse.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Recalling his days at Bowdoin in a 2005 interview, Professor <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Morgan" title="Richard E. Morgan">Richard E. Morgan</a> (class of 1959) described student life at the then-all-male school as "monastic" and noted that "the only things to do were either work or drink". This is corroborated by the <a href="/wiki/Official_Preppy_Handbook" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Preppy Handbook">Official Preppy Handbook</a>, which in 1980 ranked Bowdoin the number two drinking school in the country, behind <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a>. These days, Morgan observed, the college offers a far broader array of recreational opportunities: "If we could have looked forward in time to Bowdoin's standard of living today, we would have been astounded."<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Since abolishing Greek <a href="/wiki/Fraternities" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternities">fraternities</a> in the late 1990s, Bowdoin has switched to a system in which entering students are assigned a "college house" affiliation correlating with their first-year dormitory. While six houses were originally established following the construction of two new dorms, two were added effective in the fall of 2007, and one added in the fall of 2019, bringing the current total to eight: Baxter, Quinby, MacMillan, Howell, Helmreich, Reed, Burnett, and Boody-Johnson. The college houses are physical buildings around campus that host parties and other events throughout the year. Those students who choose not to live in their affiliated house retain their affiliation and are considered members throughout their Bowdoin career. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clubs">Clubs</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Clubs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1875_Bowdoin_Orient.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1875_Bowdoin_Orient.jpg/220px-1875_Bowdoin_Orient.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="366"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1875_Bowdoin_Orient.jpg/220px-1875_Bowdoin_Orient.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1875_Bowdoin_Orient.jpg/330px-1875_Bowdoin_Orient.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/1875_Bowdoin_Orient.jpg/440px-1875_Bowdoin_Orient.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Bowdoin_Orient" title="The Bowdoin Orient">The Orient</a>, the college newspaper.</figcaption></figure> The largest student group on campus is the Outing Club, which leads canoeing, kayaking, rafting, camping, and backpacking trips throughout Maine.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> One of the school's two historic rival literary societies, The Peucinian Society, has recently been revitalized from its previous form. The Peucinian Society was founded in 1805.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> This organization counts such people as <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Chamberlain" title="Joshua Chamberlain">Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain</a> among its former members. The other, the now-defunct Athenian Society, included <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> as members. Bowdoin competes in the Standard Platform League of <a href="/wiki/RoboCup" title="RoboCup">RoboCup</a> as the Northern Bites, where teams compete with five autonomous <a href="/wiki/Nao_(robot)" title="Nao (robot)">Aldebaran Nao</a> robots. Bowdoin won the world championship in RoboCup 2007, beating <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a>, and finished 2nd in the 2015 US Open.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Media_and_publications">Media and publications</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Media and publications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Bowdoin's student newspaper, <a href="/wiki/The_Bowdoin_Orient" title="The Bowdoin Orient">The Bowdoin Orient</a>, is the oldest continuously published college weekly in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The Orient was named the second-best tabloid-sized college weekly at a Collegiate Associated Press conference in March 2007 and the best college newspaper in New England by the New England Society of News Editors in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The school's literary magazine, <a href="/wiki/The_Quill_(Bowdoin)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Quill (Bowdoin)">The Quill</a>, was published between 1897 and 2015. The Bowdoin Globalist, an international news, culture, and politics magazine affiliated with the Global21 organization of college magazines, has been publishing since 2012. The Bowdoin Globalist transitioned to a digital-only platform in 2015 and changed its name to The Bowdoin Review. The college's radio station, <a href="/wiki/WBOR" title="WBOR">WBOR</a>, has been operating since the early 1940s. In 1999, The Bowdoin Cable Network was formed, producing a weekly newscast and several student-created shows per semester.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="A_cappella">A cappella</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: A cappella" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kanbar_Auditorium,_Studzinski_Recital_Hall,_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_9745.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kanbar_Auditorium%2C_Studzinski_Recital_Hall%2C_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_9745.JPG/220px-Kanbar_Auditorium%2C_Studzinski_Recital_Hall%2C_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_9745.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kanbar_Auditorium%2C_Studzinski_Recital_Hall%2C_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_9745.JPG/220px-Kanbar_Auditorium%2C_Studzinski_Recital_Hall%2C_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_9745.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kanbar_Auditorium%2C_Studzinski_Recital_Hall%2C_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_9745.JPG/330px-Kanbar_Auditorium%2C_Studzinski_Recital_Hall%2C_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_9745.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kanbar_Auditorium%2C_Studzinski_Recital_Hall%2C_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_9745.JPG/440px-Kanbar_Auditorium%2C_Studzinski_Recital_Hall%2C_Bowdoin_College_-_IMG_9745.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Studzinski Recital Hall</figcaption></figure> Six <a href="/wiki/A_cappella" title="A cappella">a cappella</a> groups are on campus;<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> the Meddiebempsters are the oldest. Founded in the spring of 1937, the Meddies performed in <a href="/wiki/United_Service_Organizations" title="United Service Organizations">USO</a> shows after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Environmental_record">Environmental record</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Environmental record" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Booster plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_academic_boosterism#Problems_and_solutions" title="Wikipedia:Avoid academic boosterism">academic boosterism</a> which primarily serves to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">praise or promote the subject</a> and may be a sign of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CONFLICT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CONFLICT">conflict of interest</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PEACOCK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PEACOCK">peacock terms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WEASEL" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WEASEL">weasel words</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SOAP" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SOAP">promotional material</a>. (May 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Bowdoin College signed onto the American College and University President's Climate Commitment in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The college followed through with a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutrality</a> plan released in 2009, with 2020 as the target year for carbon neutrality. According to the plan, general improvements to Maine's electricity grid will account for 7% of carbon reductions, commuting improvements will account for 1%, and the purchase of renewable energy credits will account for 41%.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> The plan includes the construction of a solar thermal system, part of the "Thorne Solar Hot Water Project"; cogeneration in the central heating plant (for which Bowdoin received $400,000 in federal grants); lighting upgrades to all campus buildings; and modern monitoring systems of energy usage on campus.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In 2017, the college was on track to meet the 28% own source reduction target, and efforts have continued in the areas of energy conservation, efficiency upgrades and transitioning to lower carbon fuel sources.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Bowdoin's facilities are heated by an on-campus heating plant that burns natural gas.<a href="#cite_note-bowdoin.edu-73">[73]</a> Between 2002 and 2008, Bowdoin College decreased its CO2 emissions by 40%. It achieved that reduction by switching from No. 6 to No. 2 oil in its heating plant, reducing the campus set heating point from 72 to 68 degrees, and by adhering to its own Green Design Standards in renovations.<a href="#cite_note-What_We're_Doing-74">[74]</a> In addition, Bowdoin runs a <a href="/wiki/Single_stream_recycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Single stream recycling">single stream recycling</a> program, and its dining services department has begun composting <a href="/wiki/Food_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Food waste">food waste</a> and unbleached paper napkins.<a href="#cite_note-Waste_Management-75">[75]</a> Bowdoin received an overall "B−" grade for its sustainability efforts on the College Sustainability Report Card 2009 published by the Sustainable Endowments Institute.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> In 2003, Bowdoin committed to achieving <a href="/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environment_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Leadership in Energy and Environment Design">LEED</a>-certification for all new campus buildings.<a href="#cite_note-bowdoin1-77">[77]</a> The college has since completed construction on Osher and West residency halls, the Peter Buck Center for Health & Fitness, the <a href="/wiki/Sidney_J._Watson_Arena" title="Sidney J. Watson Arena">Sidney J. Watson Arena</a>, 216 Maine Street, and 52 Harpswell all of which have attained LEED, Silver LEED or Gold LEED certification. The new dorms partially use collected rainwater as part of an advanced flushing system.<a href="#cite_note-bowdoin1-77">[77]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Campus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brunswick_main_campus">Brunswick main campus</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Brunswick main campus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs expansion. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. (October 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Bowdoin College's main campus in Brunswick ranges over an area of 215 acres (87 ha) and includes 120 buildings, some of which date back to the 18th century. Prominent buildings on the campus include the college's oldest building, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Hall,_Bowdoin_College" title="Massachusetts Hall, Bowdoin College">Massachusetts Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Parker_Cleaveland_House" title="Parker Cleaveland House">Parker Cleaveland House</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_House_(Brunswick,_Maine)" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe House (Brunswick, Maine)">Harriet Beecher Stowe House</a>. The campus has two museums. The <a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_College_Museum_of_Art" title="Bowdoin College Museum of Art">Bowdoin College Museum of Art</a> is in the Walker Art Building and the <a href="/wiki/Peary-MacMillan_Arctic_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum">Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum</a> is in the Gibbons Center for Arctic Studies.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:758px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowdoin_College_Quad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The main Quad of Bowdoin College in the middle of autumn."><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bowdoin_College_Quad.jpg/750px-Bowdoin_College_Quad.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="253" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6193" data-file-height="2092"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 750px;height: 253px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bowdoin_College_Quad.jpg/750px-Bowdoin_College_Quad.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="750" data-height="253" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bowdoin_College_Quad.jpg/1125px-Bowdoin_College_Quad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Bowdoin_College_Quad.jpg/1500px-Bowdoin_College_Quad.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowdoin_College_Quad.jpg" title="File:Bowdoin College Quad.jpg"> </a></div>The main Quad of Bowdoin College in the middle of autumn.</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_properties">Other properties</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other properties" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The 118-acre (48 ha) Schiller Coastal Studies Center is located 8 miles (13 km) south of <a href="/wiki/Orr%27s_Island" title="Orr's Island">Orr's Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Harpswell,_Maine" title="Harpswell, Maine">Harpswell, Maine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Bowdoin College operates the Bowdoin Scientific Station on <a href="/wiki/Kent_Island_(New_Brunswick)" title="Kent Island (New Brunswick)">Kent Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a> in New Brunswick.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Athletics">Athletics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Athletics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bowdoin_Polar_Bears" title="Bowdoin Polar Bears">Bowdoin Polar Bears</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hubbard_Grandstand,_Bowdoin_College,_Brunswick,_ME.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hubbard_Grandstand%2C_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME.jpg/220px-Hubbard_Grandstand%2C_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="604"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hubbard_Grandstand%2C_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME.jpg/220px-Hubbard_Grandstand%2C_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hubbard_Grandstand%2C_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME.jpg/330px-Hubbard_Grandstand%2C_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Hubbard_Grandstand%2C_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME.jpg/440px-Hubbard_Grandstand%2C_Bowdoin_College%2C_Brunswick%2C_ME.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Hubbard Grandstand in 1912, built in 1904 at <a href="/wiki/Whittier_Field" title="Whittier Field">Whittier Field</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bowdoin-watsonarena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bowdoin-watsonarena.jpg/220px-Bowdoin-watsonarena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="318"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 108px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bowdoin-watsonarena.jpg/220px-Bowdoin-watsonarena.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="108" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bowdoin-watsonarena.jpg/330px-Bowdoin-watsonarena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Bowdoin-watsonarena.jpg/440px-Bowdoin-watsonarena.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Before a match between Bowdoin and <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams</a> at Watson Arena, built in 2009</figcaption></figure> Organized athletics at Bowdoin began in 1828<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> with a gymnastics program established by the "father of athletics in Maine",<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Neal_(writer)" title="John Neal (writer)">John Neal</a>. In the proceeding years, Neal agitated for more programs, and himself taught <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">boxing</a>, and other sports.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Bowdoin College teams are known as the Polar Bears. They compete as a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (NCAA) <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_III" title="NCAA Division III">Division III</a> level, primarily competing in the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Small_College_Athletic_Conference" title="New England Small College Athletic Conference">New England Small College Athletic Conference</a> (NESCAC), of which they were a founding member in 1971. The mascot for all Bowdoin College athletic teams is the <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bear</a>, generally referred to in the plural, i.e., "The Polar Bears." The uniform color is white.<a href="#cite_note-Athletics_Quick_Facts-6">[6]</a> The fight song, Forward The White, was composed by Kenneth A. Robinson, class of 1914.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The college's rowing club competes in the <a href="/wiki/Colby-Bates-Bowdoin_Chase_Regatta" title="Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Chase Regatta">Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Chase Regatta</a> annually. The rowing club also competes as a member of the American Collegiate Rowing Association; the women's team won its first national championship in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The field hockey team are four-time NCAA Division III National Champions; winning the title in 2007 (defeating <a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a>), 2008 (defeating <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a>), 2010 (defeating <a href="/wiki/Messiah_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Messiah College">Messiah College</a>), and 2013 (defeating <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_University#Athletics" title="Salisbury University">Salisbury University</a>).<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The men's tennis team won the 2016 NCAA Division III Championship after defeating Emory University in <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">Kalamazoo, Michigan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Principal athletic facilities include <a href="/wiki/Whittier_Field" title="Whittier Field">Whittier Field</a> (capacity: 9,000), Morrell Gymnasium (1,500), <a href="/wiki/Sidney_J._Watson_Arena" title="Sidney J. Watson Arena">Sidney J. Watson Arena</a> (2,300), Pickard Fields, and the Buck Center for Health and Wellness. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notable alumni" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup_gallery plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images. Please help improve the section by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Image_galleries" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">removing excessive or indiscriminate images</a> or by <a href="/wiki/MOS:IMAGERELEVANCE" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:IMAGERELEVANCE">moving relevant images</a> beside adjacent text, in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Manual of Style on use of images</a>. (November 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bowdoin_College_people" title="List of Bowdoin College people">List of Bowdoin College people</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States"><noscript><img alt="Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg/96px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4562" data-file-height="5678"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 96px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg/96px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg" data-alt="Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States" data-width="96" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg/145px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg/193px-Mathew_Brady_-_Franklin_Pierce_-_alternate_crop.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>, 14th President of the United States</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathaniel_Hawthorne_by_Brady,_1860-64.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne, novelist"><noscript><img alt="Nathaniel Hawthorne, novelist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nathaniel_Hawthorne_by_Brady%2C_1860-64.jpg/86px-Nathaniel_Hawthorne_by_Brady%2C_1860-64.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="1768"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 86px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nathaniel_Hawthorne_by_Brady%2C_1860-64.jpg/86px-Nathaniel_Hawthorne_by_Brady%2C_1860-64.jpg" data-alt="Nathaniel Hawthorne, novelist" data-width="86" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nathaniel_Hawthorne_by_Brady%2C_1860-64.jpg/128px-Nathaniel_Hawthorne_by_Brady%2C_1860-64.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Nathaniel_Hawthorne_by_Brady%2C_1860-64.jpg/171px-Nathaniel_Hawthorne_by_Brady%2C_1860-64.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>, novelist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow,_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, poet"><noscript><img alt="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, poet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg/87px-Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3152" data-file-height="4354"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 87px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg/87px-Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg" data-alt="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, poet" data-width="87" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg/130px-Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg/174px-Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow%2C_photographed_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_in_1868.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a>, poet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Peary_self-portrait,_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Peary, explorer, who claimed to be the first person to reach the North Pole"><noscript><img alt="Robert Peary, explorer, who claimed to be the first person to reach the North Pole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Robert_Peary_self-portrait%2C_1909.jpg/90px-Robert_Peary_self-portrait%2C_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2408" data-file-height="3203"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Robert_Peary_self-portrait%2C_1909.jpg/90px-Robert_Peary_self-portrait%2C_1909.jpg" data-alt="Robert Peary, explorer, who claimed to be the first person to reach the North Pole" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Robert_Peary_self-portrait%2C_1909.jpg/135px-Robert_Peary_self-portrait%2C_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Robert_Peary_self-portrait%2C_1909.jpg/180px-Robert_Peary_self-portrait%2C_1909.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Robert Peary</a>, explorer, who claimed to be the first person to reach the North Pole</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Re_publica_2015_-_Tag_1_(17195424118)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reed Hastings, co-founder of Netflix"><noscript><img alt="Reed Hastings, co-founder of Netflix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Re_publica_2015_-_Tag_1_%2817195424118%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/77px-Re_publica_2015_-_Tag_1_%2817195424118%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="1328"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 77px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Re_publica_2015_-_Tag_1_%2817195424118%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/77px-Re_publica_2015_-_Tag_1_%2817195424118%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Reed Hastings, co-founder of Netflix" data-width="77" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Re_publica_2015_-_Tag_1_%2817195424118%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/116px-Re_publica_2015_-_Tag_1_%2817195424118%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Re_publica_2015_-_Tag_1_%2817195424118%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/155px-Re_publica_2015_-_Tag_1_%2817195424118%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Reed_Hastings" title="Reed Hastings">Reed Hastings</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hon._William_P._Fessenden,_Maine_-_NARA_-_529980.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William P. Fessenden, former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury"><noscript><img alt="William P. Fessenden, former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hon._William_P._Fessenden%2C_Maine_-_NARA_-_529980.jpg/102px-Hon._William_P._Fessenden%2C_Maine_-_NARA_-_529980.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2559" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 102px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hon._William_P._Fessenden%2C_Maine_-_NARA_-_529980.jpg/102px-Hon._William_P._Fessenden%2C_Maine_-_NARA_-_529980.jpg" data-alt="William P. Fessenden, former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury" data-width="102" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hon._William_P._Fessenden%2C_Maine_-_NARA_-_529980.jpg/153px-Hon._William_P._Fessenden%2C_Maine_-_NARA_-_529980.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Hon._William_P._Fessenden%2C_Maine_-_NARA_-_529980.jpg/205px-Hon._William_P._Fessenden%2C_Maine_-_NARA_-_529980.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">William P. Fessenden</a>, former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">U.S. Secretary of the Treasury</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_Adelstein_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Paul Adelstein, actor"><noscript><img alt="Paul Adelstein, actor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Paul_Adelstein_2008.jpg/67px-Paul_Adelstein_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 67px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Paul_Adelstein_2008.jpg/67px-Paul_Adelstein_2008.jpg" data-alt="Paul Adelstein, actor" data-width="67" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Paul_Adelstein_2008.jpg/101px-Paul_Adelstein_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Paul_Adelstein_2008.jpg/135px-Paul_Adelstein_2008.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Adelstein" title="Paul Adelstein">Paul Adelstein</a>, actor</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Cohen,_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Cohen, 20th U.S. Secretary of Defense and former U.S. Senator"><noscript><img alt="William Cohen, 20th U.S. Secretary of Defense and former U.S. Senator" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/William_Cohen%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/88px-William_Cohen%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="1947"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 88px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/William_Cohen%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/88px-William_Cohen%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="William Cohen, 20th U.S. Secretary of Defense and former U.S. Senator" data-width="88" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/William_Cohen%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/133px-William_Cohen%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/William_Cohen%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/177px-William_Cohen%2C_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_Cohen" title="William Cohen">William Cohen</a>, 20th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">U.S. Secretary of Defense</a> and former <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Joshua_Chamberlain_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joshua Chamberlain, brigadier general in the Union Army"><noscript><img alt="Joshua Chamberlain, brigadier general in the Union Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Joshua_Chamberlain_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/106px-Joshua_Chamberlain_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" decoding="async" width="106" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3713" data-file-height="4191"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 106px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Joshua_Chamberlain_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/106px-Joshua_Chamberlain_-_Brady-Handy.jpg" data-alt="Joshua Chamberlain, brigadier general in the Union Army" data-width="106" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Joshua_Chamberlain_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/159px-Joshua_Chamberlain_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Joshua_Chamberlain_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/213px-Joshua_Chamberlain_-_Brady-Handy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Chamberlain" title="Joshua Chamberlain">Joshua Chamberlain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">brigadier general</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oliver Otis Howard, major general in the Union Army"><noscript><img alt="Oliver Otis Howard, major general in the Union Army" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg/90px-Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg/90px-Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg" data-alt="Oliver Otis Howard, major general in the Union Army" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg/135px-Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg/180px-Oliver_Otis_Howard.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Otis_Howard" title="Oliver Otis Howard">Oliver Otis Howard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_General_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General (United States)">major general</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:CJ_Fuller.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="Melville Fuller, 8th Chief Justice of the United States"><noscript><img alt="Melville Fuller, 8th Chief Justice of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CJ_Fuller.tif/lossy-page1-80px-CJ_Fuller.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CJ_Fuller.tif/lossy-page1-80px-CJ_Fuller.tif.jpg" data-alt="Melville Fuller, 8th Chief Justice of the United States" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CJ_Fuller.tif/lossy-page1-120px-CJ_Fuller.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CJ_Fuller.tif/lossy-page1-160px-CJ_Fuller.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Melville_Fuller" title="Melville Fuller">Melville Fuller</a>, 8th <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pat_Meehan,_Official_Portrait,_112th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pat Meehan, former U.S. Representative"><noscript><img alt="Pat Meehan, former U.S. Representative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pat_Meehan%2C_Official_Portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg/80px-Pat_Meehan%2C_Official_Portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1363" data-file-height="2048"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 80px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pat_Meehan%2C_Official_Portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg/80px-Pat_Meehan%2C_Official_Portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg" data-alt="Pat Meehan, former U.S. Representative" data-width="80" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pat_Meehan%2C_Official_Portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg/120px-Pat_Meehan%2C_Official_Portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Pat_Meehan%2C_Official_Portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg/160px-Pat_Meehan%2C_Official_Portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Meehan" title="Pat Meehan">Pat Meehan</a>, former <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Governor_Lawrence_B_Lindsey_140501.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lawrence B. Lindsey, Member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors"><noscript><img alt="Lawrence B. Lindsey, Member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Governor_Lawrence_B_Lindsey_140501.jpg/93px-Governor_Lawrence_B_Lindsey_140501.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6020" data-file-height="7761"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 93px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Governor_Lawrence_B_Lindsey_140501.jpg/93px-Governor_Lawrence_B_Lindsey_140501.jpg" data-alt="Lawrence B. Lindsey, Member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors" data-width="93" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Governor_Lawrence_B_Lindsey_140501.jpg/140px-Governor_Lawrence_B_Lindsey_140501.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Governor_Lawrence_B_Lindsey_140501.jpg/186px-Governor_Lawrence_B_Lindsey_140501.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_B._Lindsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence B. Lindsey">Lawrence B. Lindsey</a>, Member of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_Board_of_Governors" title="Federal Reserve Board of Governors">Federal Reserve Board of Governors</a></div> </li> </ul> Bowdoin graduates have led all three branches of the American federal government, including both houses of Congress. <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a> (1824) was America's fourteenth President; <a href="/wiki/Melville_Weston_Fuller" class="mw-redirect" title="Melville Weston Fuller">Melville Weston Fuller</a> (1853) served as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice of the United States</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Thomas Brackett Reed</a> (1860) was twice elected <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Wallace_H._White,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Wallace H. White, Jr.">Wallace H. White, Jr.</a> (1899) and <a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a> (1954) both served as <a href="/wiki/Senate_Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Majority Leader">Majority Leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Bowdoin_College&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bowdoin.edu/news/2017/05/commencement-2017-invocation-by-rabbi-simeon-j-maslin.html">"Commencement 2017: Invocation by Rabbi Simeon J. 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Retrieved May 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portland+Press+Harold&rft.atitle=Wednesday%27s+Maine+college+roundup%3A+Bowdoin+men%27s+tennis+team+wins+NCAA+crown&rft.date=2016-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressherald.com%2F2016%2F05%2F25%2Fbowdoin-mens-tennis-wins-ncaa-crown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABowdoin+College" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nescac.com/sports/2020/7/14/championships-national-champions-team.aspx?path=champs">"NESCAC National Champions"</a>. New England Small College Athletic Conference. 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class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كلية بودوين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلية بودوين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="بودین کالجی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بودین کالجی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bowdoin College" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoini_Kolled%C5%BE" title="Bowdoini Kolledž – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bowdoini Kolledž" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bowdoin College" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کالج بودین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالج بودین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bowdoin College" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%98_%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%A7%80" title="보딘 칼리지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보딘 칼리지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bowdoin College" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كليه بودوين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كليه بودوين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bowdoin College" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A6%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="ボウディン大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボウディン大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bowdoin College" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bowdoin College" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Боудин-колледж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Боудин-колледж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_Koled%C5%BE" title="Bowdoin Koledž – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bowdoin Koledž" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowdoin_College" title="Bowdoin College – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bowdoin College" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Боудін-коледж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Боудін-коледж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E7%99%BB%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="鲍登学院 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲍登学院" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 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