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class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Caporetto</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88" title="معركة كابوريتو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة كابوريتو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Caporetto" title="Batalla de Caporetto – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Batalla de Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="کاپورتو دؤیوشو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاپورتو دؤیوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Бітва пры Капарэце – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бітва пры Капарэце" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Бітва пры Капарэце – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бітва пры Капарэце" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Битка при Капорето – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Капорето" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emgann_Caporetto" title="Emgann Caporetto – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Emgann Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Caporetto" title="Batalla de Caporetto – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Caporetta" title="Bitva u Caporetta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Caporetta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zw%C3%B6lfte_Isonzoschlacht" title="Zwölfte Isonzoschlacht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zwölfte Isonzoschlacht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caporetto_lahing" title="Caporetto lahing – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Caporetto lahing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Μάχη του Καπορέττο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάχη του Καπορέττο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Caporetto" title="Batalla de Caporetto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_de_Caporetto" title="Batalo de Caporetto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo de Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caporettoko_gudua" title="Caporettoko gudua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Caporettoko gudua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88" title="نبرد کاپورتو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد کاپورتو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Caporetto" title="Bataille de Caporetto – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataie_di_Cjaur%C3%AAt" title="Bataie di Cjaurêt – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bataie di Cjaurêt" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%8F%AC%EB%A0%88%ED%86%A0_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="카포레토 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카포레토 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Կապորետոյի ճակատամարտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կապորետոյի ճակատամարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_za_Caporetto" title="Bitka za Caporetto – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bitka za Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Caporetto" title="Pertempuran Caporetto – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Caporetto" title="Battaglia di Caporetto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95" title="קרב קפורטו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב קפורטו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="კაპორეტოს ბრძოლა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კაპორეტოს ბრძოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaporeto_kauja" title="Kaporeto kauja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaporeto kauja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaja_de_Caporett" title="Battaja de Caporett – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Battaja de Caporett" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caporett%C3%B3i_%C3%A1tt%C3%B6r%C3%A9s" title="Caporettói áttörés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Caporettói áttörés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Caporetto" title="Slag bij Caporetto – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="カポレットの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カポレットの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caporetto-offensiven" title="Caporetto-offensiven – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Caporetto-offensiven" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Caporetto" title="Batalha de Caporetto – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Batalha de Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Caporetto" title="Bitwa pod Caporetto – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Caporetto" title="Batalha de Caporetto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Caporetto" title="Bătălia de la Caporetto – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Битва при Капоретто – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Капоретто" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobari%C5%A1ka_bitka" title="Kobariška bitka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kobariška bitka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Битка код Кобарида – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Кобарида" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Kobarida" title="Bitka kod Kobarida – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bitka kod Kobarida" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caporetton_taistelu" title="Caporetton taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Caporetton taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Битва при Капоретто – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва при Капоретто" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Caporetto" title="Trận Caporetto – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batreye_di_Caporetto" title="Batreye di Caporetto – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Batreye di Caporetto" data-language-autonym="Walon" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Caporetto&params=46_12_52_N_13_38_33_E_type:event_region:SI_scale:50000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°12′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°38′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.21444°N 13.64250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.21444; 13.64250</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1917 battle on the Italian front of World War I</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Special:EditPage/Battle of Caporetto">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Battle+of+Caporetto%22">"Battle of Caporetto"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Battle+of+Caporetto%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Battle+of+Caporetto%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Battle+of+Caporetto%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Battle+of+Caporetto%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Battle+of+Caporetto%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Caporetto</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian front</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Caporetto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Battle_of_Caporetto.jpg/300px-Battle_of_Caporetto.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Battle_of_Caporetto.jpg/450px-Battle_of_Caporetto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Battle_of_Caporetto.jpg/600px-Battle_of_Caporetto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1242" data-file-height="961" /></a></span><br />Battle of Caporetto and Italian retreat</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>24 October – 19 November 1917</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Kobarid" title="Kobarid">Kobarid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a><br />(present day <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>)</div><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Caporetto&params=46_12_52_N_13_38_33_E_type:event_region:SI_scale:50000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°12′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°38′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.21444°N 13.64250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.21444; 13.64250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Central Powers victory</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Central Powers advance 150 kilometres (93 mi) to the <a href="/wiki/Piave_(river)" title="Piave (river)">Piave River</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a><br /><span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span data-sort-value="Italy"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary"><img alt="Austria-Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Arz_von_Strau%C3%9Fenburg" title="Arthur Arz von Straußenburg">Arthur Arz von Straußenburg</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Below" title="Otto von Below">Otto von Below</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary"><img alt="Austria-Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Svetozar_Boroevi%C4%87" title="Svetozar Boroević">Svetozar Boroević</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy"><img alt="Kingdom of Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cadorna" title="Luigi Cadorna">Luigi Cadorna</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy"><img alt="Kingdom of Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Capello" title="Luigi Capello">Luigi Capello</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire"><img alt="German Empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary"><img alt="Austria-Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/14th_Army_(German_Empire)" title="14th Army (German Empire)">14th Army</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary"><img alt="Austria-Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/5th_Army_(Austria-Hungary)" title="5th Army (Austria-Hungary)">5th Army</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy"><img alt="Kingdom of Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Army (Italy)">2nd Army</a><br /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 353,000 soldiers, 2,518 artillery pieces <sup id="cite_ref-Caporetto'_2006,_p._117_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caporetto'_2006,_p._117-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 257,400 soldiers, 1,342 artillery pieces <sup id="cite_ref-Caporetto'_2006,_p._117_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caporetto'_2006,_p._117-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 70,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p>13,000 dead<br />30,000 wounded<br />265,000–275,000 captured </p> <hr /> 300,000 stragglers<br />50,000 deserters<br />3,152 artillery pieces<br />1,712 mortars<br />3,000 machine guns<br />300,000 rifles</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">600,000 <a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_person" title="Internally displaced person">internally displaced people</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div 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id="Italian_Front7939" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian Front</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>1915</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hill_383" title="Battle of Hill 383">Hill 383</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Dolomite_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Dolomite Offensive (page does not exist)">1st Dolomites</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erste_Dolomitenoffensive" class="extiw" title="de:Erste Dolomitenoffensive">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" title="First Battle of the Isonzo">1st Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Col_Basson" title="Battle of the Col Basson">Col Basson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" title="Second Battle of the Isonzo">2nd Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Podgora" title="Battle of Podgora">Podgora</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Dolomite_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Dolomite Offensive (page does not exist)">2nd Dolomites</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweite_Dolomitenoffensive" class="extiw" title="de:Zweite Dolomitenoffensive">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" title="Third Battle of the Isonzo">3rd Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" title="Fourth Battle of the Isonzo">4th Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Lavarone_Plateau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Lavarone Plateau (page does not exist)">Lavarone</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4mpfe_auf_der_Hochfl%C3%A4che_von_Lavarone_(1915%E2%80%931916)" class="extiw" title="de:Kämpfe auf der Hochfläche von Lavarone (1915–1916)">de</a>]</span></li></ul> <p><b>1916</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" title="Fifth Battle of the Isonzo">5th Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Asiago</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Monte_Cengio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Monte Cengio (page does not exist)">Monte Cengio</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Melette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Melette (page does not exist)">Melette</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_delle_Melette" class="extiw" title="it:Battaglia delle Melette">it</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gorizia_(1916)" title="Battle of Gorizia (1916)">Gorizia (6th Isonzo)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doberd%C3%B2" title="Battle of Doberdò">Doberdò</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" title="Seventh Battle of the Isonzo">7th Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" title="Eighth Battle of the Isonzo">8th Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" title="Ninth Battle of the Isonzo">9th Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Friday_(1916)" title="White Friday (1916)">White Friday</a></li></ul> <p><b>1917</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" title="Tenth Battle of the Isonzo">10th Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Flondar" title="Battle of Flondar">Flondar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Ortigara" title="Battle of Mount Ortigara">Ortigara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" title="Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo">11th Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carzano_Incident&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carzano Incident (page does not exist)">Carzano</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogno_di_Carzano" class="extiw" title="it:Sogno di Carzano">it</a>]</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caporetto (12th Isonzo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pozzuolo" title="Battle of Pozzuolo">Pozzuolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="First Battle of the Piave River">1st Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Monte_Grappa" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Monte Grappa">1st Monte Grappa</a></li></ul> <p><b>1918</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Three_Mountains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Three Mountains (page does not exist)">Three Mountains</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglie_dei_Tre_Monti" class="extiw" title="it:Battaglie dei Tre Monti">it</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">2nd Piave River</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Capture_of_Col_Moschin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capture of Col Moschin (page does not exist)">Col Moschin</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presa_del_Col_Moschin" class="extiw" title="it:Presa del Col Moschin">it</a>]</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Monte_Grappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Monte Grappa">2nd Monte Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonale_Offensive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tonale Offensive (page does not exist)">Tonale</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_valanga_(1918)" class="extiw" title="it:Operazione valanga (1918)">it</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Matteo" title="Battle of San Matteo">San Matteo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doss_Alto" title="Battle of Doss Alto">Doss Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Monte_Grappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Battle of Monte Grappa">3rd Monte Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Vittorio Veneto</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/White_War" title="White War">White War</a> (1915–1918)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Adamello&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Adamello (page does not exist)">Adamello</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_dell%27Adamello" class="extiw" title="it:Battaglia dell'Adamello">it</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Monte_Pasubio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Monte Pasubio (page does not exist)">Pasubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sentinella_Pass" title="Battle of Sentinella Pass">Sentinella Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Marmolada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Marmolada (page does not exist)">Marmolada</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_della_Marmolada" class="extiw" title="it:Battaglia della Marmolada">it</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lagazuoi_Mine_War&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lagazuoi Mine War (page does not exist)">Lagazuoi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerra_di_mina_del_Lagazuoi" class="extiw" title="it:Guerra di mina del Lagazuoi">it</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Col_di_Lana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Col di Lana (page does not exist)">Col di Lana</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_del_Col_di_Lana" class="extiw" title="it:Battaglia del Col di Lana">it</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tofane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tofane (page does not exist)">Tofane</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_delle_Tofane" class="extiw" title="it:Battaglia delle Tofane">it</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Monte_Cristallo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Monte Cristallo (page does not exist)">Monte Cristallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Piana" title="Battle of Monte Piana">Monte Piana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tre_Cime_di_Lavaredo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tre Cime di Lavaredo (page does not exist)">Tre Cime di Lavaredo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Monte_Paterno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Monte Paterno (page does not exist)">Monte Paterno</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Caporetto</b> (also known as the <b>Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo</b>, the <b>Battle of Kobarid</b> or the <b>Battle of Karfreit</b>) took place on the <a href="/wiki/Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian front</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p><p>The battle was fought between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> and took place from 24 October to 19 November 1917, near the town of <a href="/wiki/Kobarid" title="Kobarid">Kobarid</a> (now in north-western <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, then part of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Littoral" title="Austrian Littoral">Austrian Littoral</a>), and near the river Isonzo. The battle was named after the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> name of the town (also known as <i>Karfreit</i> in German). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" title="Austro-Hungarian Army">Austro-Hungarian</a> forces, reinforced by <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Army" title="Imperial German Army">German</a> units, were able to break into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Italian_Army" title="Royal Italian Army">Italian</a> front line and <a href="/wiki/Rout" title="Rout">rout</a> the Italian forces opposing them. The battle was a demonstration of the effectiveness of the use of <a href="/wiki/Stormtroopers_(Imperial_Germany)" title="Stormtroopers (Imperial Germany)">stormtroopers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Infiltration_tactics" title="Infiltration tactics">infiltration tactics</a> developed in part by <a href="/wiki/Oskar_von_Hutier" title="Oskar von Hutier">Oskar von Hutier</a>. The use of <a href="/wiki/Poison_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Poison gas">poison gas</a> by the Germans also played a key role in the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Army_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Army (Italy)">Italian Second Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rest of the Italian Army retreated 150 kilometres (93 mi) to the <a href="/wiki/Piave_(river)" title="Piave (river)">Piave River</a>; its effective strength declined from 1,800,000 troops down to 1,000,000 and the government of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Boselli" title="Paolo Boselli">Paolo Boselli</a> collapsed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGooch2014245–246_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGooch2014245–246-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caporetto_order_of_battle" title="Battle of Caporetto order of battle">Battle of Caporetto order of battle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soca_Kobarid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Soca_Kobarid.jpg/220px-Soca_Kobarid.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Soca_Kobarid.jpg/330px-Soca_Kobarid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Soca_Kobarid.jpg/440px-Soca_Kobarid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/So%C4%8Da" title="Soča">Soča</a> (Isonzo) River, location of the initial attacks at Kobarid (Caporetto)</figcaption></figure><p> Throughout the spring and summer of 1917, the Italians had launched numerous offensives on the Austro-Hungarian Lines in the Isonzo Sector, with the 11th Battle of the Isonzo being the most successful in pushing back the Austro-Hungarians. After the Italian success in the <a href="/wiki/11th_Battle_of_the_Isonzo" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Battle of the Isonzo">11th Battle of the Isonzo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Austria" title="Charles I of Austria">Emperor Karl</a> knew a breakthrough was going to happen at any moment, as both the Austro-Hungarians and Italians were exhausted, and running out of men to sustain the war. So, he wrote to <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II, German Emperor">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a> and requested that German forces be deployed to Italy. </p><p>In August 1917 <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Hindenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Arz_von_Strau%C3%9Fenburg" title="Arthur Arz von Straußenburg">Arthur Arz von Straußenburg</a> decided to send troops from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a> to the Isonzo Sector. <a href="/wiki/Erich_Ludendorff" title="Erich Ludendorff">Erich Ludendorff</a> was opposed to this but was overruled.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, in September three experts from the <a href="/wiki/German_General_Staff" title="German General Staff">Imperial General Staff</a>, led by the chemist <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a>, went to the Isonzo front to find a site suitable for a gas attack.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They proposed attacking the quiet Caporetto sector, where a good road ran west through a mountain valley to the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Plain" title="Venetian Plain">Venetian Plain</a>. The Germans also sent Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Krafft_von_Dellmensingen" title="Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen">Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen</a>, an expert in mountain warfare, to reconnoitre the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Austro-Hungarian <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_Boroevi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Group Boroević">Army Group Boroević</a>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Svetozar_Boroevi%C4%87" title="Svetozar Boroević">Svetozar Boroević</a>, was prepared for the offensive. In addition, a new 14th Army was formed with nine Austrian and six to eight German divisions, which were commanded by the German <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Below" title="Otto von Below">Otto von Below</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German divisions were Ludendorff's general reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wetzell" title="Georg Wetzell">Georg Wetzell</a>, Ludendorff's strategic adviser, advised Ludendorff to use the German divisions to attack a weakpoint in the Italian line.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italians inadvertently helped by providing weather information over their radio.<sup id="cite_ref-Geoffrey_Regan_page_161_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoffrey_Regan_page_161-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German and Austro-Hungarian battle plan was to use Otto von Below's German divisions, which would be guided by Konrad Krafft to attack a part of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_Alps" title="Julian Alps">Julian Alps</a> which was near the northeastern corner of the Venetian salient. Meanwhile, Svetozar's Austro-Hungarian army would attack the eastern end of the salient and a stretch of ground near the Adriatic shore.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The buildup of German and Austro-Hungarian military forces in the region was noticed by Italian air reconnaissance.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plotone_d%27assalto_tedesco_con_MG0815.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Plotone_d%27assalto_tedesco_con_MG0815.jpg/220px-Plotone_d%27assalto_tedesco_con_MG0815.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Plotone_d%27assalto_tedesco_con_MG0815.jpg/330px-Plotone_d%27assalto_tedesco_con_MG0815.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Plotone_d%27assalto_tedesco_con_MG0815.jpg/440px-Plotone_d%27assalto_tedesco_con_MG0815.jpg 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption>German assault troops at Caporetto</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_Italian_102-35_anti-air_cannons_mounted_on_SPA_9000C_trucks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_Italian_102-35_anti-air_cannons_mounted_on_SPA_9000C_trucks.jpg/220px-WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_Italian_102-35_anti-air_cannons_mounted_on_SPA_9000C_trucks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_Italian_102-35_anti-air_cannons_mounted_on_SPA_9000C_trucks.jpg/330px-WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_Italian_102-35_anti-air_cannons_mounted_on_SPA_9000C_trucks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_Italian_102-35_anti-air_cannons_mounted_on_SPA_9000C_trucks.jpg/440px-WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_Italian_102-35_anti-air_cannons_mounted_on_SPA_9000C_trucks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3828" data-file-height="2625" /></a><figcaption>Italian 102/35 anti-air guns mounted on SPA 9000C trucks during the retreat</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_New_Italian_Line_at_the_Piave_River_-_trenches_near_Case_Ruei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_New_Italian_Line_at_the_Piave_River_-_trenches_near_Case_Ruei.jpg/220px-WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_New_Italian_Line_at_the_Piave_River_-_trenches_near_Case_Ruei.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_New_Italian_Line_at_the_Piave_River_-_trenches_near_Case_Ruei.jpg/330px-WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_New_Italian_Line_at_the_Piave_River_-_trenches_near_Case_Ruei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_New_Italian_Line_at_the_Piave_River_-_trenches_near_Case_Ruei.jpg/440px-WWI_-_Battle_of_Caporetto_-_New_Italian_Line_at_the_Piave_River_-_trenches_near_Case_Ruei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>Provisional Italian trenches along the Piave River</figcaption></figure> <p>Foul weather, as well as lack of readiness in some of the Austro-Hungarian divisions and in particular of their artillery, delayed the attack for two days but on 24 October there was no wind and the front was misted over.<sup id="cite_ref-warhist_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warhist-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At 02:00, in the northern area of the battle (near <a href="/wiki/Bovec" title="Bovec">Bovec</a>/Plezzo) 894 metal tubes similar to <a href="/wiki/Livens_Projector" title="Livens Projector">Livens Projectors</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gaswurfminen</i></span>), dug into a reverse slope, were triggered electrically to simultaneously fire canisters containing 600 ml (21 imp fl oz; 20 US fl oz) of <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a>-<a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> agent and <a href="/wiki/Diphosgene" title="Diphosgene">diphosgene</a>, smothering the Italian trenches in a dense cloud of <a href="/wiki/Poison_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Poison gas">poison gas</a>. Knowing that their gas masks could protect them only for two hours or less, the defenders fled, but 500–600 were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other parts of the valley were bombed with gas from common grenades. Then the front was quiet until 06:00, when all the Italian wire and trenches to be attacked were bombarded by mortars. </p><p>At 06:41, 2,200 guns opened fire, many targeting the valley road along which reserves were advancing to plug the gap. At 08:00 two large mines were detonated under strong points on the heights bordering the valley and the infantry attacked.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon they penetrated the almost undefended Italian fortifications in the valley, breaching the defensive line of the Italian Second Army between the <a href="/wiki/COMALP" class="mw-redirect" title="COMALP">IV</a> and XXVII Corps. To protect the attackers' flanks, Alpine Troops infiltrated the strong points and batteries along the crests of the adjoining ridges, <a href="/wiki/Matajur" title="Matajur">Matajur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kolovrat_(mountain_ridge)" title="Kolovrat (mountain ridge)">Kolovrat</a>, laying out their telephone lines as they advanced to maintain contact with their artillery.<sup id="cite_ref-Rommel_1995_168–227_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rommel_1995_168–227-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specially-trained and equipped stormtrooper units led attacks, making use of the new German model <a href="/wiki/MG_08#MG_08/15" title="MG 08">08/15 Maxim light machine gun</a>, light trench mortars, mountain guns, <a href="/wiki/Flamethrower" title="Flamethrower">flamethrowers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hand_grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand grenade">hand grenades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The attackers in the valley marched almost unopposed along the excellent road toward Italy, some advanced 25 kilometres (16 mi) on the first day. The Italian army beat back the attackers on either side of the sector where the central column attacked, but von Below's successful central penetration threw the entire Italian army into disarray. Forces had to be moved along the Italian front in an attempt to stem von Below's breakout, but this only weakened other points along the line and invited further attacks. At this point, the entire Italian position was threatened. </p><p>The Italian 2nd Army commander <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Capello" title="Luigi Capello">Luigi Capello</a> was bedridden with fever. Recognizing that his forces were ill-prepared for this attack and were being routed, Capello requested permission to withdraw to the <a href="/wiki/Tagliamento" title="Tagliamento">Tagliamento</a> River. <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cadorna" title="Luigi Cadorna">Cadorna</a>, who believed the Italian force could regroup and hold out, denied the request. Finally, on 30 October 1917, Cadorna ordered the majority of the Italian force to retreat to the other side of the Tagliamento. It took the Italians four full days to cross the river, and by this time the German and Austro-Hungarian armies were on their heels, ambushing the defenders whenever they could. These ambushes would become known as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pozzuolo" title="Battle of Pozzuolo">Battle of Pozzuolo</a>. Eventually, the retreating Italian soldiers were able to break through the Austro-German encirclement and retreat to the Tagliamento. Then, on 2 November, after an attack by Captain Emil Redl's 4th Battalion of the 4th Bosnian Infantry Regiment,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 55th Infantry Division (Austria-Hungary)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> established a bridgehead across the Tagliamento River. About this time, however, the rapid success of the attack caught up with them. The German and Austro-Hungarian supply lines were stretched to the breaking point and unable to launch another attack to isolate a part of the Italian army against the Adriatic. Cadorna was able to retreat further and by 10 November had established a position on the <a href="/wiki/Piave_(river)" title="Piave (river)">Piave</a> River<sup id="cite_ref-warhist_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warhist-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Monte Grappa. </p><p>Even before the battle, Germany was struggling to feed and supply its armies in the field. <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a>, who as a junior officer won the <a href="/wiki/Pour_le_M%C3%A9rite" title="Pour le Mérite">Pour le Mérite</a> for his accomplishments in the battle, often bemoaned the demands placed upon his "poorly fed troops".<sup id="cite_ref-rommel_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rommel-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Allied <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">blockade of the German Empire</a>, which the <a href="/wiki/Kaiserliche_Marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaiserliche Marine">Kaiserliche Marine</a> had been unable to break, had led to food shortages and widespread malnutrition in Germany and the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> in general. The inadequate provisioning, as well as the grueling night marches preliminary to the Battle of Caporetto, took a toll on the German and Austro-Hungarian forces. Despite these logistical problems, the initial assault was extremely successful. However, as the area controlled by the combined Central Powers forces expanded, an already limited logistical capacity was overstrained. By the time the attack reached the Piave, the soldiers of the Central Powers were running low on supplies and were feeling the effects of exhaustion.<sup id="cite_ref-rommel_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rommel-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Italians began to counter the pressure put on them, the German forces lost momentum and were once again caught up in another round of <a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">attrition warfare</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Analysis">Analysis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brian R. Sullivan called Caporetto "the greatest defeat in Italian military history."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John R. Schindler wrote "By any standard, Twelfth Isonzo [Caporetto] and its aftermath represented an unprecedented catastrophe for Italian arms."<sup id="cite_ref-Schindler263_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schindler263-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disaster "came as a shock" and "triggered a search for scapegoats," culminating in a 1919 Italian military commission that investigated the causes of the debacle.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker433_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker433-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_Sep2012_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker_Sep2012-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cassar232_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassar232-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Rapallo, a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_War_Council" title="Supreme War Council">Supreme War Council</a> was created to improve Allied military co-operation and develop a common strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-simkins_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simkins-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luigi Cadorna was forced to resign after the defeat, a final straw according to the Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_Orlando" title="Vittorio Emanuele Orlando">Vittorio Emanuele Orlando</a>. Cadorna was known to have maintained poor relations with the other generals on his staff and by the start of the battle, had sacked 217 generals, 255 colonels and 355 battalion commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-mussolini_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mussolini-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luigi_Cadorna_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Luigi_Cadorna_02.jpg/170px-Luigi_Cadorna_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Luigi_Cadorna_02.jpg/255px-Luigi_Cadorna_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Luigi_Cadorna_02.jpg/340px-Luigi_Cadorna_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1497" /></a><figcaption>Marshal <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cadorna" title="Luigi Cadorna">Luigi Cadorna</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition, he was detested by his troops as being too harsh.<sup id="cite_ref-cap1917_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cap1917-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cadorna had been directing the battle some 30 kilometres (19 mi) behind the front and retreated another 160 km (99 mi) to <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>. Cadorna was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Armando_Diaz" title="Armando Diaz">Armando Diaz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Badoglio" title="Pietro Badoglio">Pietro Badoglio</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who commanded one of the corps easily overwhelmed by the Germans in the early stages of the battle, but escaped from all charges during the commission hearings. Italian propaganda offices were established, promising land and social justice to soldiers. Italy also accepted a more cautious military strategy from this point on. Diaz concentrated his efforts on rebuilding his shattered forces while taking advantage of the national rejuvenation that had been spurred by invasion and defeat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casualties">Casualties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Casualties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg/220px-Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg/330px-Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg/440px-Italijanski_vojni_ujetniki_po_bitki_pri_Kobaridu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1204" /></a><figcaption>Italian <a href="/wiki/POW" class="mw-redirect" title="POW">POWs</a> after the battle</figcaption></figure> <p>Italian losses were enormous: 13,000 were killed, 30,000 wounded and 265,000–275,000 were taken prisoner.<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_Aug2012_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker_Aug2012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017419_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017419-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Morale was so low among the Italian troops, mainly due to Cadorna's harsh disciplinary regime, that most of these surrendered willingly.<sup id="cite_ref-simkins_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simkins-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3,152 artillery pieces, 3,000 machine guns and 1,712 mortars were lost,<sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_Aug2012_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker_Aug2012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with a vast amount of stores and equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-simkins_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simkins-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, the Austro-Hungarians and Germans sustained around 70,000 casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017419_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017419-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tucker_Aug2012_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tucker_Aug2012-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_operations">Subsequent operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subsequent operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The last push of Austro-Hungarian and German forces was met and defeated by Italian forces at the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Monte_Grappa" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Monte Grappa">First Battle of Monte Grappa</a>: they had advanced more than 100 km (62 mi) in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, but they were not able to cross the <a href="/wiki/Piave_(river)" title="Piave (river)">Piave</a> River. Up to this point the Italians had been left to fight on their own but, after the Battle of Caporetto, Britain and France sent reinforcements to the Italians.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were reinforced by six <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French</a> infantry divisions and five <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British</a> infantry divisions as well as sizeable air contingents. However, these troops played no role in stemming the advancing Germans and Austro-Hungarians, because they were deployed on the <a href="/wiki/Mincio" title="Mincio">Mincio</a> River, some 97 kilometres (60 mi) behind the Piave, as the British and French strategists did not believe the Piave line could be held. </p><p>The Piave served as a natural barrier where the Italians could establish a new defensive line, which was held during the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Piave_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Piave River">Battle of the Piave River</a> and later served as springboard for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a>, where the Austro-Hungarian army was finally defeated after eleven days of resistance. On 5 November, Allied officials <a href="/wiki/Rapallo_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapallo Conference">came together at Rapallo</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_War_Council" title="Supreme War Council">Supreme War Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kobariski_muzej.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kobariski_muzej.jpg/220px-Kobariski_muzej.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kobariski_muzej.jpg/330px-Kobariski_muzej.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Kobariski_muzej.jpg/440px-Kobariski_muzej.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The Museum of the Isonzo Front in <a href="/wiki/Kobarid" title="Kobarid">Kobarid</a>, Slovenia</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Opera_Nazionale_Combattenti" title="Opera Nazionale Combattenti">Opera Nazionale Combattenti</a>, an Italian charitable organization, was set up in December 1917 in the immediate aftermath of the battle, to provide assistance to veterans of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>; it was closed in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-trecc2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trecc2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the battle, the term "Caporetto" gained a particular resonance in Italy. It is used to denote a terrible defeat – the failed <a href="/wiki/General_Strike_of_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="General Strike of 1922">General Strike of 1922</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialists</a> was referred to by Mussolini as the "Caporetto of Italian Socialism".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many years after the war, Caporetto was still being used to destroy the credibility of the liberal state.<sup id="cite_ref-mussolini_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mussolini-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Battle of Caporetto has been the subject of a number of books. British writer and military historian <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Falls" title="Cyril Falls">Cyril Falls</a>'s one volume <i>The Battle of Caporetto</i> is an operational and tactical account of the battle as the centerpiece of the larger campaign in northeastern Italy. <a href="/wiki/Infantry_Attacks" title="Infantry Attacks"><i>Infanterie greift an</i></a> (<i>Infantry Attacks</i>), an interwar memoir and military handbook written by the future German field marshal <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a>, features the actions of then lieutenant Rommel and units he led during the battle, providing insight into "stormtrooper" tactics. The Swedish author <a href="/w/index.php?title=F.J._Nordstedt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F.J. Nordstedt (page does not exist)">F.J. Nordstedt</a> (pseud. Christian Braw) wrote about the battle in his novel <i>Caporetto</i>. The bloody aftermath of Caporetto was vividly described by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Ernest Hemingway</a> in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/A_Farewell_to_Arms" title="A Farewell to Arms">A Farewell to Arms</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Curzio_Malaparte" title="Curzio Malaparte">Curzio Malaparte</a> wrote an excoriation of the battle in his first book, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viva_Caporetto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viva Caporetto (page does not exist)">Viva Caporetto</a></i>, published in 1921. It was censored by the state and suppressed; it was finally published in 1980. The battle also features prominently in the novel <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Questa_storia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Questa storia (page does not exist)">Questa storia</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Baricco" title="Alessandro Baricco">Alessandro Baricco</a>. </p><p>Today, a museum in the town of Kobarid is dedicated to the Isonzo Battles in general, and the Caporetto Battle in particular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italian prisoners of war in World War I</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An additional 350,000 troops were temporarily separated from units before rejoining them, mostly at the Piave line.<sup id="cite_ref-Rommel_1995_168–227_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rommel_1995_168–227-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By 10 November Italian losses were 10,000 dead, 30,000 wounded, and 265,000 prisoners (about 350,000 stragglers from the Second Army did manage to reach the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Piave_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Piave River">Piave line</a>). The army had also lost 3,152 artillery pieces of a pre-offensive total of 6,918. An additional 1,712 heavy trench mortars and 3,000 machine guns had been captured or abandoned in the retreat, along with vast amounts of other military equipment, especially as the rapid withdrawal had prevented the removal of heavy weapons and equipment across the Isonzo River. In contrast, the attackers had sustained about 70,000 casualties.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_C._Tucker" title="Spencer C. Tucker">Tucker, Spencer C.</a>; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TogXVHTlxG4C&pg=PA431"><i>World War I: A Student Encyclopedia</i></a>. United States: <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 431. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1851098798" title="Special:BookSources/1851098798"><bdi>1851098798</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+I%3A+A+Student+Encyclopedia&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=431&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1851098798&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Priscilla+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTogXVHTlxG4C%26pg%3DPA431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Caporetto'_2006,_p._117-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caporetto'_2006,_p._117_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caporetto'_2006,_p._117_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Caporetto</i> Silvestri 2006, p. 117 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8817107112" title="Special:BookSources/978-8817107112">978-8817107112</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ricerca.gelocal.it/ilpiccolo/archivio/ilpiccolo/2006/06/13/NZ_14_ROSI.html?refresh_ce">"Quella massa di profughi che lasciò il Nordest, dopo Caporetto – Il Piccolo"</a>. 13 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quella+massa+di+profughi+che+lasci%C3%B2+il+Nordest%2C+dopo+Caporetto+%E2%80%93+Il+Piccolo&rft.date=2006-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fricerca.gelocal.it%2Filpiccolo%2Farchivio%2Filpiccolo%2F2006%2F06%2F13%2FNZ_14_ROSI.html%3Frefresh_ce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Seth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Seth">Seth, Ronald</a> (1965). <i>Caporetto: The Scapegoat Battle</i>. Macdonald. p. 147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGooch2014245–246-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGooch2014245–246_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGooch2014">Gooch 2014</a>, pp. 245–246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalls1966" class="citation book cs1">Falls, Cyril (1966). <i>Caporetto 1917</i>. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caporetto+1917&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Falls&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn1970" class="citation book cs1">Hahn, Otto (1970). <i>My life</i>. Herder and Herder. p. 127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+life&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Herder+and+Herder&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannicaCaporetto-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannicaCaporetto_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Caporetto">"Battle of Caporetto | Facts, History, & Casualties"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Battle+of+Caporetto+%7C+Facts%2C+History%2C+%26+Casualties&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FBattle-of-Caporetto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geoffrey_Regan_page_161-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Geoffrey_Regan_page_161_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoffrey Regan, <i>More Military Blunders</i>, p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-warhist-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-warhist_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warhist_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStearnsLanger2001" class="citation book cs1">Stearns, Peter; Langer, William (2001). <i>The Encyclopedia of World History</i> (6th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 669. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0395652375" title="Special:BookSources/0395652375"><bdi>0395652375</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+World+History&rft.pages=669&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0395652375&rft.aulast=Stearns&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Langer%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaber1986" class="citation book cs1">Haber, Leonard (1986). <i>The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War</i>. Clarendon Press. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0198581424" title="Special:BookSources/0198581424"><bdi>0198581424</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Poisonous+Cloud%3A+Chemical+Warfare+in+the+First+World+War&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0198581424&rft.aulast=Haber&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dupuy & Dupuy (1970), p. 971</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digi.landesbibliothek.at/viewer/image/AC03617667/1/LOG_0003/"><i>Die Kriegführung im Sommer und Herbst 1917. Die Ereignisse außerhalb der Westfront bis November 1918</i></a>. Der Weltkrieg: Militärischen Operationen zu Lande. Vol. XIII (Die digitale landesbibliotek Oberösterreich ed.). Berlin: Mittler. 2012 [1942]. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/257129831">257129831</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Kriegf%C3%BChrung+im+Sommer+und+Herbst+1917.+Die+Ereignisse+au%C3%9Ferhalb+der+Westfront+bis+November+1918&rft.place=Berlin&rft.series=Der+Weltkrieg%3A+Milit%C3%A4rischen+Operationen+zu+Lande&rft.edition=Die+digitale+landesbibliotek+Ober%C3%B6sterreich&rft.pub=Mittler&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F257129831&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigi.landesbibliothek.at%2Fviewer%2Fimage%2FAC03617667%2F1%2FLOG_0003%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rommel_1995_168–227-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rommel_1995_168–227_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rommel_1995_168–227_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taken from the rest of the army: 300,000 stragglers and 50,000 deserters, overwhelmed by the routed first line but then were back. See also previous footnote and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRommel1995" class="citation book cs1">Rommel, Erwin (1995). <i>Infantry Attacks</i>. Greenhill Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">168–</span>227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1853671991" title="Special:BookSources/1853671991"><bdi>1853671991</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Infantry+Attacks&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E168-%3C%2Fspan%3E227&rft.pub=Greenhill+Books&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1853671991&rft.aulast=Rommel&rft.aufirst=Erwin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGudmundsson1989" class="citation book cs1">Gudmundsson, Bruce (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofka00kamm"><i>Stormtroop Tactics. Innovation in the German Army, 1914–1918</i></a></span>. Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0275933288" title="Special:BookSources/0275933288"><bdi>0275933288</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stormtroop+Tactics.+Innovation+in+the+German+Army%2C+1914%E2%80%931918&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0275933288&rft.aulast=Gudmundsson&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbriefhistoryofka00kamm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erwin Rommel - Infantry Attacks p. 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War</i> By John R. Schindler pp. 259–260</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rommel-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rommel_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rommel_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacksey1997" class="citation book cs1">Macksey, Kenneth (1997). <i>Rommel: Battles and Campaigns</i>. Da Capo Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">16–</span>21, 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0306807866" title="Special:BookSources/0306807866"><bdi>0306807866</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rommel%3A+Battles+and+Campaigns&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E16-%3C%2Fspan%3E21%2C+224&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0306807866&rft.aulast=Macksey&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sullivan, Brian R. (1994) "Chapter 4. Caporetto: Causes, recovery, and consequences" in: Andreopoulos, George J.; Selesky, Harold E., ed.s, <i>The Aftermath of Defeat: Societies, Armed Forces, and the Challenge of Recovery</i> (New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1994), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TuUo-h-UAs8C&pg=PA60">p. 60.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schindler263-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schindler263_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Schindler">Schindler (2001)</a>, p. 263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker433-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tucker433_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Tucker">Tucker (2010)</a>, p. 433</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker_Sep2012-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_Sep2012_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_C._Tucker" title="Spencer C. Tucker">Tucker, Spencer C.</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wHpVn68GCogC&pg=PA430"><i>Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict</i></a>. United States: <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 430. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1598844290" title="Special:BookSources/978-1598844290"><bdi>978-1598844290</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+That+Changed+History%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+World+Conflict&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=430&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1598844290&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwHpVn68GCogC%26pg%3DPA430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassar232-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cassar232_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Cassar">Cassar (1998)</a>, p. 232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-simkins-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-simkins_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-simkins_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-simkins_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimkinsJukesHickey2003" class="citation book cs1">Simkins, Peter; Jukes, Geoffrey; Hickey, Michael (2003). <i>The First World War</i>. Osprey Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">312–</span>313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1841767387" title="Special:BookSources/1841767387"><bdi>1841767387</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+World+War&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E312-%3C%2Fspan%3E313&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1841767387&rft.aulast=Simkins&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Jukes%2C+Geoffrey&rft.au=Hickey%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mussolini-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mussolini_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mussolini_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTownley2002" class="citation book cs1">Townley, Edward (2002). Collier, Martin (ed.). <i>Mussolini and Italy</i>. Heinemann. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0435327259" title="Special:BookSources/0435327259"><bdi>0435327259</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mussolini+and+Italy&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Heinemann&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0435327259&rft.aulast=Townley&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoffrey Regan. <i>More Military Blunders</i>, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cap1917-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cap1917_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorselli2001" class="citation book cs1">Morselli, Mario (2001). <i>Caporetto, 1917: Victory Or Defeat?</i>. Routledge. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0714650730" title="Special:BookSources/0714650730"><bdi>0714650730</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caporetto%2C+1917%3A+Victory+Or+Defeat%3F&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0714650730&rft.aulast=Morselli&rft.aufirst=Mario&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tucker_Aug2012-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_Aug2012_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_Aug2012_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tucker_Aug2012_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckerRoberts2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_C._Tucker" title="Spencer C. Tucker">Tucker, Spencer C.</a>; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TogXVHTlxG4C&pg=PA431"><i>World War I: A Student Encyclopedia</i></a>. United States: <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 431. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1851098798" title="Special:BookSources/1851098798"><bdi>1851098798</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+I%3A+A+Student+Encyclopedia&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=431&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1851098798&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Priscilla+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTogXVHTlxG4C%26pg%3DPA431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017419-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017419_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClodfelter2017419_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClodfelter2017">Clodfelter 2017</a>, p. 419.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldwar1.com/itafront/caporetto.htm">"La Grande Guerra: Caporetto - A Fresh Look"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Grande+Guerra%3A+Caporetto+-+A+Fresh+Look&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwar1.com%2Fitafront%2Fcaporetto.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trecc2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-trecc2_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[s.n.] (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/opera-nazionale-combattenti_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/">Opera nazionale combattenti</a> (in Italian). <i>Dizionario di Storia</i>. Roma: Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana. Accessed December 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolte1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Nolte" title="Ernst Nolte">Nolte, Ernst</a> (1969). <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Faces_of_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Faces of Fascism">Three Faces of Fascism</a>: Action Française, Italian fascism, National Socialism</i>. New York: Mentor. p. 274.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Three+Faces+of+Fascism%3A+Action+Fran%C3%A7aise%2C+Italian+fascism%2C+National+Socialism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=Mentor&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Nolte&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Andreopoulos" class="citation book cs1">Andreopoulos, George J.; Harold E. Selesky (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TuUo-h-UAs8C"><i>The Aftermath of Defeat: Societies, Armed Forces, and the Challenge of Recovery</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1852851668" title="Special:BookSources/978-1852851668"><bdi>978-1852851668</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Aftermath+of+Defeat%3A+Societies%2C+Armed+Forces%2C+and+the+Challenge+of+Recovery&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1852851668&rft.aulast=Andreopoulos&rft.aufirst=George+J.&rft.au=Harold+E.+Selesky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTuUo-h-UAs8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Cassar" class="citation book cs1">Cassar, George H. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iLJAcQrqtOMC"><i>The Forgotten Front: The British Campaign in Italy 1917–18</i></a>. A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300058536" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300058536"><bdi>978-0300058536</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forgotten+Front%3A+The+British+Campaign+in+Italy+1917%E2%80%9318&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0300058536&rft.aulast=Cassar&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiLJAcQrqtOMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClodfelter2017" class="citation book cs1">Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). <i>Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015</i> (4th ed.). Jefferson, NC: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0786474707" title="Special:BookSources/978-0786474707"><bdi>978-0786474707</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+and+Armed+Conflicts%3A+A+Statistical+Encyclopedia+of+Casualty+and+Other+Figures%2C+1492%E2%80%932015&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0786474707&rft.aulast=Clodfelter&rft.aufirst=Micheal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupuyDupuy1970" class="citation book cs1">Dupuy, R. E.; Dupuy, T. N. (1970). <i>The Encyclopaedia of Military History: From 3,500 BC to the Present</i>. sbn 356-02998-0 (rev. ed.). London: Jane's.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Military+History%3A+From+3%2C500+BC+to+the+Present&rft.place=London&rft.edition=rev.&rft.pub=Jane%27s&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Dupuy&rft.aufirst=R.+E.&rft.au=Dupuy%2C+T.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGooch2014" class="citation book cs1">Gooch, John (2014). <i>The Italian Army and the First World War</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521149372" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521149372"><bdi>978-0521149372</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Italian+Army+and+the+First+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0521149372&rft.aulast=Gooch&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Schindler" class="citation book cs1">Schindler, John R. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qIcsRGN2RD0C"><i>Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War</i></a>. Greenwood. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275972042" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275972042"><bdi>978-0275972042</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isonzo%3A+The+Forgotten+Sacrifice+of+the+Great+War&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0275972042&rft.aulast=Schindler&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqIcsRGN2RD0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeth1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Seth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Seth">Seth, Ronald</a> (1965). <i>Caporetto: The Scapegoat Battle</i>. London: Macdonald. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1407385">1407385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caporetto%3A+The+Scapegoat+Battle&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macdonald&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1407385&rft.aulast=Seth&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Tucker" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wHpVn68GCogC"><i>Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1598844290" title="Special:BookSources/978-1598844290"><bdi>978-1598844290</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Battles+That+Changed+History%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+World+Conflict&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1598844290&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwHpVn68GCogC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnelly2002" class="citation book cs1">Connelly, O. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onwarleadershipw00conn"><i>On War and Leadership: The Words of Combat Commanders from Frederick the Great to Norman Schwarzkopf</i></a>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-03186-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-03186-X"><bdi>0-691-03186-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+War+and+Leadership%3A+The+Words+of+Combat+Commanders+from+Frederick+the+Great+to+Norman+Schwarzkopf&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-691-03186-X&rft.aulast=Connelly&rft.aufirst=O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonwarleadershipw00conn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorselli2001" class="citation book cs1">Morselli, M. (2001). <i>Caporetto 1917: Victory or Defeat?</i>. Military History and Policy. London: Frank Cass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-5073-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-5073-0"><bdi>0-7146-5073-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caporetto+1917%3A+Victory+or+Defeat%3F&rft.place=London&rft.series=Military+History+and+Policy&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-7146-5073-0&rft.aulast=Morselli&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuth2005" class="citation book cs1">Reuth, R. G. (2005). <i>Rommel: The End of a Legend</i>. London: Haus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904950-20-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-904950-20-5"><bdi>1-904950-20-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rommel%3A+The+End+of+a+Legend&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Haus+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-904950-20-5&rft.aulast=Reuth&rft.aufirst=R.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Caporetto" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Caporetto&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Caporetto" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Anna Grillini: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/caporetto_battle_of/">Caporetto, Battle of</a>, in: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/home.html/">1914–1918 online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://simonjoneshistorian.com/category/caporetto/">Simon Jones: The Gas Attack at Caporetto, 24 October 1917</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_I23293" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li 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engagements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_I" title="Aftermath of World War I">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Economic history of World War I">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_geography_in_World_War_I" title="Role of geography in World War I">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of World War I">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_I" title="Home front during World War I">Home fronts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_memorials" title="World War I memorials">Memorials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_in_popular_culture" title="World War I in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_World_War_I" title="Propaganda in World War I">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_puppet_states" title="List of World War I puppet states">Puppet states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_I" title="Technology during World War I">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="European theatre of World War I">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans_theatre" title="Balkans theatre">Balkans</a> <ul><li><a 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href="/wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Hejaz & Levant</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="East African campaign (World War I)">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland_campaign" title="Togoland campaign">Togoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_in_North_Africa_during_World_War_I" title="Military operations in North Africa during World War I">North</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">German Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_occupation_of_German_New_Guinea" title="Allied occupation of German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U-boat_campaign" title="U-boat campaign">U-boat campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I">North Atlantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Mediterranean_during_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I">Mediterranean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Principal<br />participants</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_I" title="Allied leaders of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_during_World_War_I" title="Brazil during World War I">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_during_World_War_I" title="China during World War I">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montenegro#World_War_I" title="History of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_First_World_War" title="Russia in the First World War">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russia_(1894%E2%80%931917)#Russia_at_war,_1914–1916" title="History of Russia (1894–1917)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia#Serbia_in_World_War_I_(1914–1918)" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam_in_World_War_I" title="Siam in World War I">Siam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Central_Powers_of_World_War_I" title="Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">South African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Darfur" title="Sultanate of Darfur">Darfur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I" title="Timeline of World War I">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Pre-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> (1880–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Tangier Crisis</a> (1905–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a> (1908–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (1912–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> (1913)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Historiography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo assassination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914)" title="Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)">Russian invasion of East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Siege of Przemyśl">Siege of Przemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea" title="Race to the Sea">Race to the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_raid" title="Black Sea raid">Black Sea raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Battle of Sarikamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Battle of Łomża">Battle of Łomża</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">Second Battle of Ypres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania" title="Sinking of the RMS Lusitania">Sinking of the RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battles of the Isonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_offensive" title="Gorlice–Tarnów offensive">Gorlice–Tarnów offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Retreat_(Russia)" title="Great Retreat (Russia)">Great Retreat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug%E2%80%93Narew_Offensive" title="Bug–Narew Offensive">Bug-Narew Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novogeorgievsk" title="Siege of Novogeorgievsk">Siege of Novogeorgievsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Bug_offensive" title="Vistula–Bug offensive">Vistula–Bug offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Naroch_offensive" title="Lake Naroch offensive">Lake Naroch offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Battle of Asiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranovichi_offensive" title="Baranovichi offensive">Baranovichi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Capture of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmermann_telegram" title="Zimmermann telegram">Zimmermann telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Second battle of Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_battle_of_the_Aisne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of the Aisne">Second battle of the Aisne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerensky_offensive" title="Kerensky offensive">Kerensky offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Caporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">Southern Palestine offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">Battle of La Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">Operation Faustschlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Battle of Goychay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">Third Transjordan attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Salonica" title="Armistice of Salonica">Armistice of Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollettino_della_Vittoria_Navale" title="Bollettino della Vittoria Navale">Naval Victory Bulletin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Co-belligerent conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a> (1900–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat_rebellion" title="Muscat rebellion">Muscat rebellion</a> (1913–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a> (1914–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovambo_Uprising" title="Ovambo Uprising">Ovambo Uprising</a> (1914–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a> (1915–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> (1916–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian Revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Darfur_(1916)" title="Invasion of Darfur (1916)">Invasion of Darfur</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a> (1916–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a> (1918)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Post-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> (1917–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a> (1918–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">Egyptian Revolution</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (1919–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1918–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a> (1918–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a> (1920)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Soviet–Georgian War</a> (1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I" title="Strategic bombing during World War I">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_cryptography" title="World War I cryptography">Cryptography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_in_World_War_I" title="Logistics in World War I">Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoys_in_World_War_I" title="Convoys in World War I">Convoy system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Conscription493" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Conscription</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_conscription_in_Australia" title="World War I conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seferberlik" title="Seferberlik">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recruitment_to_the_British_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Recruitment to the British Army during World War I">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscription_Crisis_of_1918" title="Conscription Crisis of 1918">Ireland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_casualties" title="World War I casualties">Casualties</a> /<br />Civilian impact</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>British casualties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_parliamentarians_who_died_in_the_First_World_War" title="List of British parliamentarians who died in the First World War">Parliamentarians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I" title="Ottoman casualties of World War I">Ottoman casualties</a></li> <li>Sports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rugby_union_players_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of international rugby union players killed in World War I">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">Olympians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_typhus_and_relapsing_fever_epidemic_in_Serbia" title="1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia">1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia</a></li> <li>Bulgarian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Albania" title="Bulgarian occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li>German occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of north-east France during World War I">Northeast France</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ober_Ost" title="Ober Ost">Ober Ost</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li> <li>Russian occupations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Eastern_Galicia_(1914%E2%80%931915)" title="Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)">Eastern Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Prisoners of war in World War I">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Germans <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italians</a></li> <li>POW locations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">Germany</a> / <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_World_War_I" title="Refugees of World War I">Refugees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Belgian refugees <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_the_Netherlands_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in the Netherlands during the First World War">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_refugees_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Allied blockades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon famine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deportations_from_East_Prussia_during_World_War_I" title="Deportations from East Prussia during World War I">Deportations from East Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Kalisz" title="Destruction of Kalisz">Destruction of Kalisz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Dinant" title="Sack of Dinant">Sack of Dinant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I" title="Massacres of Albanians in World War I">Massacres of Albanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Canadian_internment" title="Ukrainian Canadian internment">Ukrainian Canadian internment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Diplomatic history of World War I">Diplomacy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Entry into the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_entry_into_World_War_I" title="French entry into World War I">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Russian entry into World War I">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I" title="Declarations of war during World War I">Declarations of war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/To_my_peoples" title="To my peoples">Austria-Hungary against Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)" title="United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)">UK against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I#Declaration_of_jihad" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottomans against the Triple Entente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">USA against Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Austria-Hungary" title="United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary">USA against Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Agreement" title="Constantinople Agreement">Constantinople Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">Treaty of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_treaty_(1915)" title="Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)">Bulgaria–Germany treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Darin" title="Treaty of Darin">Treaty of Darin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sazonov%E2%80%93Pal%C3%A9ologue_Agreement" title="Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement">Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Economy_Pact" title="Paris Economy Pact">Paris Economy Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Peace treaties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Modus vivendi of Acroma</a></li> <li>Treaties of Brest-Litovsk <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia–Central Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine–Central Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of St. Germain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_a_Suspect_in_Sarajevo" title="Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo">Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutilated_victory" title="Mutilated victory">Mutilated victory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/They_shall_not_pass" title="They shall not pass">They shall not pass</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I" title="Category:World War I">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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(1917)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12273273q">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Caporetto, Bataille de (1917)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12273273q">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="bitva u Caporetta (1917 : Kobarid, Slovinsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph487776&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007283348705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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