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Limor Livnat - Wikipedia

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mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limor_Livnat" title="Limor Livnat – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Limor Livnat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limor_Livnat" title="Limor Livnat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Limor Livnat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limor_Livnat" title="Limor Livnat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Limor Livnat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limor_Livnat" title="Limor Livnat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Limor Livnat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limor_Livnat" title="Limor Livnat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Limor Livnat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%AA" title="לימור לבנת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לימור לבנת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ليمور ليفنات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليمور ليفنات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limor_Livnat" title="Limor Livnat – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Limor Livnat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%8A%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="リモール・リブナット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リモール・リブナット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limor_Liwnat" title="Limor Liwnat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Limor Liwnat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82,_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ливнат, Лимор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ливнат, Лимор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limor_Livnat" title="Limor Livnat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Limor Livnat" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Israeli politician (born 1950)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Limor Livnat</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="he"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">לימור לבנת</span>&#8206;</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Limor_Livnat_2014_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Limor_Livnat_2014_1.jpg/220px-Limor_Livnat_2014_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Limor_Livnat_2014_1.jpg/330px-Limor_Livnat_2014_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Limor_Livnat_2014_1.jpg/440px-Limor_Livnat_2014_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Ministerial roles</th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">1996–1999</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Communications (Israel)">Minister of Communications</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">2001–2006</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Education (Israel)">Minister of Education</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">2009–2015</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Culture_and_Sport_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture and Sport Ministry">Minister of Culture &amp; Sport</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Faction represented in the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">1992–2015</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1950-09-22</span>) </span>22 September 1950<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;74)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Israel</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Limor Livnat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>:&#160;<span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{&quot;_&quot;:&quot;mw.Phonos.PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1e\/He-Limor_Livnat.ogg\/He-Limor_Livnat.ogg.mp3&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:[&quot;nofollow&quot;],&quot;framed&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;volumeUp&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:{&quot;html&quot;:&quot;&lt;style data-mw-deduplicate=\&quot;TemplateStyles:r1241449095\&quot;&gt;.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:\&quot;Ezra SIL SR\&quot;,\&quot;Ezra SIL\&quot;,\&quot;SBL Hebrew\&quot;,\&quot;Taamey Frank CLM\&quot;,\&quot;SBL BibLit\&quot;,\&quot;Taamey Ashkenaz\&quot;,\&quot;Frank Ruehl CLM\&quot;,\&quot;Keter Aram Tsova\&quot;,\&quot;Taamey David CLM\&quot;,\&quot;Keter YG\&quot;,\&quot;Shofar\&quot;,\&quot;David CLM\&quot;,\&quot;Hadasim CLM\&quot;,\&quot;Simple CLM\&quot;,\&quot;Nachlieli\&quot;,Cardo,Alef,\&quot;Noto Serif Hebrew\&quot;,\&quot;Noto Sans Hebrew\&quot;,\&quot;David Libre\&quot;,David,\&quot;Times New Roman\&quot;,Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}&lt;\/style&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;script-hebrew\&quot; style=\&quot;font-size: 110%;\&quot; lang=\&quot;he\&quot; dir=\&quot;rtl\&quot;&gt;\u05dc\u05b4\u05d9\u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8 \u05dc\u05b4\u05d1\u05b0\u05e0\u05b8\u05ea&lt;\/span&gt;&amp;#8206;&quot;},&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;ipa&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;wikibase&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;He-Limor Livnat.ogg&quot;},&quot;classes&quot;:[&quot;noexcerpt&quot;,&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton&quot;]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/He-Limor_Livnat.ogg/He-Limor_Livnat.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" lang="he" dir="rtl">לִימוֹר לִבְנָת</span>&#8206;</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:He-Limor_Livnat.ogg" title="File:He-Limor Livnat.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; born 22 September 1950) is an Israeli former politician. She served as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> for <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> between 1992 and 2015, and was <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Communications (Israel)">Minister of Communications</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Education (Israel)">Minister of Education</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Culture_and_Sport_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture and Sport Ministry">Minister of Culture &amp; Sport</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Amar_with_Limor_Livnat_%26_Yuval_Steinitz.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/David_Amar_with_Limor_Livnat_%26_Yuval_Steinitz.JPG/220px-David_Amar_with_Limor_Livnat_%26_Yuval_Steinitz.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/David_Amar_with_Limor_Livnat_%26_Yuval_Steinitz.JPG/330px-David_Amar_with_Limor_Livnat_%26_Yuval_Steinitz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/David_Amar_with_Limor_Livnat_%26_Yuval_Steinitz.JPG/440px-David_Amar_with_Limor_Livnat_%26_Yuval_Steinitz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Limor Livnat at the opening ceremony of the country club in Nesher (2010) on her left David Amar, mayor of Nesher, and on the right Finance Minister Yuval Steinitz</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Limor_Livnat_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Limor_Livnat_2013.jpg/220px-Limor_Livnat_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Limor_Livnat_2013.jpg/330px-Limor_Livnat_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Limor_Livnat_2013.jpg/440px-Limor_Livnat_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2808" data-file-height="1872" /></a><figcaption>Limor Livnat during her tenure as Minister of Culture and Sports</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limor_Livnat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, Livnat studied at <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>. A supporter of <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a>, she joined <a href="/wiki/Herut" title="Herut">Herut</a> in 1970,<sup id="cite_ref-It&#39;s_a_farewell_song_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-It&#39;s_a_farewell_song-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and became head of Likud's youth organisation in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-JP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She first entered the Knesset on 14 April 1992, shortly before the <a href="/wiki/1992_Israeli_legislative_election" title="1992 Israeli legislative election">1992 elections</a>, as a replacement for <a href="/wiki/Haim_Corfu" title="Haim Corfu">Haim Corfu</a>. She retained her seat in the elections, and in her first full term, served as chairwoman of the Committee for the Advancement of the Status of Women, the Subcommittee on Laws of Personal Status and the Parliamentary Committee for Investigating Murder of Women by their Spouses. </p><p>She retained her seat in the <a href="/wiki/1996_Israeli_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Israeli legislative election">1996 elections</a>, and was appointed <a href="/wiki/Communications_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications Minister of Israel">Minister of Communications</a> in <a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Netanyahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Binyamin Netanyahu">Binyamin Netanyahu</a>'s government. During her term, she attempted to increase competition in the <a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Israel">Israeli communications sector</a> by weakening and privatizing <a href="/wiki/Bezeq" title="Bezeq">Bezeq</a>, which had previously held a monopoly over the country's landline phone sector. </p><p>Tensions between Livnat and Netanyahu climaxed in the former's resignation from government in 1997 and subsequent attempts to end Netanyahu's leadership of the Likud. Following Netanyahu's resignation from the Likud leadership after the party's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1999_Israeli_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Israeli legislative election">1999 elections</a>, Livnat supported <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>'s successful attempt to serve as the next chairperson of the party. After Sharon's victory over <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2001_Israeli_prime_ministerial_election" title="2001 Israeli prime ministerial election">special election for Prime Minister in 2001</a>, Livnat was appointed Minister of Education in both governments he formed. </p><p>She was re-elected in <a href="/wiki/2003_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2003 Israeli legislative election">2003</a>, and continued to serve as Minister of Education until Likud left the coalition (now headed by the newly formed Kadima) in 2006. She retained her seat in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2006 Israeli legislative election">2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/2009_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2009 Israeli legislative election">2009 elections</a>, after which she was appointed to the new Minister of Culture and Sport post.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/2013_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2013 Israeli legislative election">2013 elections</a> she lost her place as the top-ranking woman in Likud, finishing below <a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Hotovely" title="Tzipi Hotovely">Tzipi Hotovely</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miri_Regev" title="Miri Regev">Miri Regev</a> in the party primaries.<sup id="cite_ref-JP_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, she was re-elected and continued in the ministerial role. </p><p>In December 2014 Livnat announced that she was leaving politics, and would not run in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Israeli_legislative_election" title="2015 Israeli legislative election">March 2015 elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JP_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Livnat has also served as Vice Chairwoman and Acting Chairwoman of the World Likud Movement. </p><p>In February 2021, Livnat announced that she was leaving Likud after 51 years of membership in protest of Benjamin Netanyahu signing a surplus agreement with the far-right <a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionist_Party" title="Religious Zionist Party">Religious Zionist Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-It&#39;s_a_farewell_song_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-It&#39;s_a_farewell_song-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She later expressed support for <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Sa%27ar" title="Gideon Sa&#39;ar">Gideon Sa'ar</a> and his party <a href="/wiki/New_Hope_(Israel)" title="New Hope (Israel)">New Hope</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_views_and_life">Personal views and life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limor_Livnat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Personal views and life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although overtly secular, Livnat is generally identified as a right wing conservative, both morally and politically. A supporter of <a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist Zionism</a>, she ideologically opposed the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> as well as the notion of relinquishing control over the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>. In this light she has voiced concerns over <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">US President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Road_Map_for_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Road Map for Peace">Road Map for Peace</a>. She also regularly attends events in honor of the pre-independence militant organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lehi_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lehi (group)">Lehi</a>. However, she did not actively oppose Ariel Sharon's <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel&#39;s unilateral disengagement plan">disengagement plan</a>. </p><p>In April, 2011, Livnat's nephew, Ben-Joseph Livnat, 25, was shot dead by a Palestinian Authority policeman when trying to break through a Palestinian road block after an unauthorized visit to the <a href="/wiki/Joseph%27s_Tomb" title="Joseph&#39;s Tomb">Joseph's Tomb</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian</a>-administered area of <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Livnat described the shooting death of her nephew as an act of terrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> report released a month later concluded that the event was not a premeditated terror attack, but that the policeman had acted "maliciously" and with the intent to harm.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an interview with Army Radio on 25 December 2011, Livnat, who was then leading the Interministerial Committee on the Status of Women, opined that segregation on public transport should be permitted in entirely ultra-orthodox areas of the country. "I don't think we should tell them how to live," said Livnat, "We should live and let live...When we are speaking about a mixed city, however, or a city where haredim or religious people oppose segregation, we must fight the phenomenon of public segregation between sexes," she added. </p><p>A resident of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, Livnat is married and has two children. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="books">books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limor_Livnat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2024, her autobiographical book, "Your husband allows you? - Limor Livnat without fear" was published by Yediot Books.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limor_Livnat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-It&#39;s_a_farewell_song-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-It&#39;s_a_farewell_song_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-It&#39;s_a_farewell_song_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/SJYvDsmZu">"It's a farewell song"</a>. <i>Ynet</i> (in Hebrew). 12 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Ynet&amp;rft.atitle=It%27s+a+farewell+song&amp;rft.date=2021-02-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FSJYvDsmZu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimor+Livnat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JP-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JP_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JP_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JP_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-Elections/Veteran-Likud-minister-Limor-Livnat-quitting-politics-384026">Veteran Likud minister Limor Livnat quitting politics</a> The Jerusalem Post, 8 December 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1075341.html">Netanyahu sworn in as Israel's prime minister</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100102083155/http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1075341.html">Archived</a> 2 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Haaretz, 1 April 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sanders, Edmund, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/middleeast/la-fg-west-bank-shooting-20110425,0,6385558.story">"One Israeli killed, three hurt in West Bank shooting"</a>, <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, 24 April 2011 9:45&#160;am. Retrieved 24 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaim Levinson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/israelis-shot-in-west-bank-tried-to-break-through-palestinian-roadblock-probe-shows-1.357885">"Israelis shot in West Bank tried to break through Palestinian roadblock, probe shows"</a>, <i>Haaretz</i>, 24 April 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nir Hasson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/minister-livnat-my-nephew-was-killed-by-a-terrorist-disguised-as-a-palestinian-policeman-1.357901">"Minister Livnat: My nephew was killed by a terrorist disguised as a Palestinian policeman"</a>, <i>Haaretz</i>, 24 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pfeffer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/idf-palestinian-police-intentionally-targeted-worshipers-at-joseph-s-tomb-1.364784">"IDF: Palestinian police intentionally targeted worshipers at Joseph's Tomb"</a>, <i>Haaretz</i>, 29 May 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://secblock.yit.co.il/ErrorPage.aspx?_event_transid=353531997">"Your husband allows you? - Limor Livnat without fear"</a>. <i>secblock.yit.co.il</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=secblock.yit.co.il&amp;rft.atitle=Your+husband+allows+you%3F+-+Limor+Livnat+without+fear&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsecblock.yit.co.il%2FErrorPage.aspx%3F_event_transid%3D353531997&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALimor+Livnat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limor_Livnat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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(1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Burg" title="Yosef Burg">Burg</a> (1952–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Barzilai" title="Yisrael Barzilai">Barzilai</a> (1958–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Mintz" title="Binyamin Mintz">Mintz</a> (1960–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliyahu_Sasson" title="Eliyahu Sasson">Sasson</a> (1961–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yisrael_Yeshayahu" title="Yisrael Yeshayahu">Yeshayahu</a> (1967–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elimelekh_Rimalt" title="Elimelekh Rimalt">Rimalt</a> (1969–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> (1970–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Uzan" title="Aharon Uzan">Uzan</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1974–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Uzan" title="Aharon Uzan">Uzan</a> (1975–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Amit" title="Meir Amit">Amit</a> (1977–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Moda%27i" title="Yitzhak Moda&#39;i">Moda'i</a> (1979–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Aridor" title="Yoram Aridor">Aridor</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Tzipori" title="Mordechai Tzipori">Tzipori</a> (1981–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Rubinstein" title="Amnon Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a> (1984–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_Yaacobi" title="Gad Yaacobi">Yaacobi</a> (1987–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Pinhasi" title="Rafael Pinhasi">Pinhasi</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Shahal" title="Moshe Shahal">Shahal</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulamit_Aloni" title="Shulamit Aloni">Aloni</a> (1993–96)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Livnat</a> (1996–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Ben-Eliezer" title="Binyamin Ben-Eliezer">Ben-Eliezer</a> (1999–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Rivlin" title="Reuven Rivlin">Rivlin</a> (2001–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Sharon</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Olmert</a> (2003–05)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalia_Itzik" title="Dalia Itzik">Itzik</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Hirschson" title="Avraham Hirschson">Hirschson</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Atias" title="Ariel Atias">Atias</a> (2006–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Kahlon" title="Moshe Kahlon">Kahlon</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilad_Erdan" title="Gilad Erdan">Erdan</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Netanyahu</a> (2014–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzachi_Hanegbi" title="Tzachi Hanegbi">Hanegbi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayoob_Kara" title="Ayoob Kara">Kara</a> (2017–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudi_Amsalem" title="Dudi Amsalem">Amsalem</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoaz_Hendel" title="Yoaz Hendel">Hendel</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eitan_Ginzburg" title="Eitan Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoaz_Hendel" title="Yoaz Hendel">Hendel</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Karhi" title="Shlomo Karhi">Karhi</a>&#160;(2022–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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(Israel)">Ministers of culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matan_Vilnai" title="Matan Vilnai">Vilnai</a> (1999–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophir_Pines-Paz" title="Ophir Pines-Paz">Pines-Paz</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleb_Majadele" title="Raleb Majadele">Majadele</a> (2007–09)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Livnat</a> (2009–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miri_Regev" title="Miri Regev">Regev</a> (2015–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hili_Tropper" title="Hili Tropper">Tropper</a> (2020–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miki_Zohar" title="Miki Zohar">Zohar</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Education_ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Israel&amp;#124;link=Israel161" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_education_ministers" title="Template:Israeli education ministers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_education_ministers" title="Template talk:Israeli education ministers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_education_ministers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli education ministers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Education_ministers_of_Israel_23x15px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Israel&amp;#124;link=Israel161" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Education (Israel)">Education ministers of Israel</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zalman_Shazar" title="Zalman Shazar">Shazar</a> (1949–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Remez" title="David Remez">Remez</a> (1950–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Zion_Dinur" title="Ben-Zion Dinur">Dinur</a> (1951–55)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalman_Aran" title="Zalman Aran">Aran</a> (1955–60)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Eban" title="Abba Eban">Eban</a> (1960–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalman_Aran" title="Zalman Aran">Aran</a> (1963–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yigal_Allon" title="Yigal Allon">Allon</a> (1969–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharon_Yadlin" title="Aharon Yadlin">Yadlin</a> (1974–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevulun_Hammer" title="Zevulun Hammer">Hammer</a> (1977–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Navon" title="Yitzhak Navon">Navon</a> (1984–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevulun_Hammer" title="Zevulun Hammer">Hammer</a> (1990–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulamit_Aloni" title="Shulamit Aloni">Aloni</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Rubinstein" title="Amnon Rubinstein">Rubinstein</a> (1993–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevulun_Hammer" title="Zevulun Hammer">Hammer</a> (1996–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Levy" title="Yitzhak Levy">Levy</a> (1998–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yossi_Sarid" title="Yossi Sarid">Sarid</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Barak</a> (2000–01)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Livnat</a> (2001–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Sheetrit" title="Meir Sheetrit">Sheetrit</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuli_Tamir" title="Yuli Tamir">Tamir</a> (2006–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Sa%27ar" title="Gideon Sa&#39;ar">Sa'ar</a> (2009–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai_Piron" title="Shai Piron">Piron</a> (2013–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Bennett</a> (2015–19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Peretz" title="Rafi Peretz">Peretz</a> (2019–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Gallant</a> (2020–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yifat_Shasha-Biton" title="Yifat Shasha-Biton">Shasha-Biton</a> (2021–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Kisch" title="Yoav Kisch">Kisch</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q522242#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata960" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q522242#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata960" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q522242#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n99039768">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007292051205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w64r5908">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐58bb4f8ccf‐2l6vg Cached time: 20250216125758 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: 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