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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Ernesto Garzón Valdés – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ernesto Garzón Valdés" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Ernesto Garzón Valdés – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ernesto Garzón Valdés" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Ernesto Garzón Valdés – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ernesto Garzón Valdés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="ارنستو جارزون فالدرس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارنستو جارزون فالدرس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q871276#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="es:Ernesto Garzón Valdés">the corresponding article</a> in Spanish</b>.  <i><small>(February 2010)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fes.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FErnesto_Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s&sl=es&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. 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A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Ernesto Garzón Valdés]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|es|Ernesto Garzón Valdés}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ernesto_Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Talk:Ernesto Garzón Valdés">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="183" /></a><figcaption>Garzón Valdés in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ernesto Garzón Valdés</b> (17 February 1927 – 19 November 2023) was an Argentine philosopher.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He had been a professor of philosophy of law at the universities of Córdoba and <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_La_Plata" title="National University of La Plata">La Plata</a> in Argentina and, upon being exiled in Germany during the administration of <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Per%C3%B3n" title="Isabel Perón">Isabel Perón</a> and the subsequent dictatorship in Argentina, at the universities of <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>. He worked at the embassy of the Republic of Argentina in Bonn as a cultural attaché and as <a href="/wiki/Plenipotentiary" title="Plenipotentiary">plenipotentiary</a> minister until 1974, when he was expelled from the diplomatic service for political reasons. He then taught legal philosophy at Bonn and Cologne, until he gained a chair in political science at <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gutenberg_University_of_Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz">Johannes Gutenberg University</a> in Mainz in 1981. He had been a visiting professor at various European and Latin American Universities. </p><p>The Universities of <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="National University of Córdoba">Córdoba</a> (Argentina), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo_(Buenos_Aires)" title="University of Palermo (Buenos Aires)">Palermo</a> (Argentina), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Valencia" title="University of Valencia">Valencia</a> (Spain), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Helsinki" title="University of Helsinki">Helsinki</a> (Finland), Santa Fe (Argentina), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Valpara%C3%ADso" title="University of Valparaíso">Valparaiso</a> (Chile), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alicante" title="University of Alicante">Alicante</a> (Spain), <a href="/wiki/University_of_Buenos_Aires" title="University of Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pompeu_Fabra_University" title="Pompeu Fabra University">Pompeu Fabra</a> (Barcelona, Spain) have awarded him the title of <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Doctor honoris causa.</a> </p><p>Broadly speaking, his work can be described as a political theory with foundations in <a href="/wiki/Legal_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal philosophy">legal philosophy</a>. He was a classic liberal, who especially cared about the universal protection of the individual against despotism of state authorities. This perspective is not only manifested in his disaffirmation of group-related rights but also in the rejection of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_relativism" title="Cultural relativism">cultural relativism</a>. He wanted to clearly separate rights from arbitrary definitions made by state authorities. Topics like the relationship between the rule of law and <a href="/wiki/Paternalism" title="Paternalism">paternalism</a> and tolerance appealed to him even before they received widespread attention. His choice of topics had probably been influenced by his own experiences with Argentine politics. </p><p>Garzón Valdés died on 19 November 2023, at the age of 96.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(1970): <i>Derecho y «naturaleza de las cosas». Análisis de una nueva versión del derecho natural en el pensamiento jurídico alemán contemporáneo</i>, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba.</li> <li>(1987): <i>El concepto de estabilidad de los sistemas políticos</i>, CEC, Madrid. Reeditado en México, Fontamara, 1992.</li> <li>(1988): <i>Die Stabilität politischer Systeme. Analyse des Begriffs mit Fallbeispielen aus Lateinamerika</i>, Alber, Friburgo/Múnich.</li> <li>(1993): <i>Derecho, ética y política</i>, CEC, Madrid.</li> <li>(1999): <i>Instituciones suicidas</i>, Paidós, México.</li> <li>(2000): <i>El velo de la ilusión: Apuntes sobre una vida argentina y su realidad política</i>, Ed. Sudamericana, Buenos Aires.</li> <li>(2001): <i>Filosofía, política, derecho: escritos seleccionados</i>, ed. a cargo de J. de Lucas, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia</li> <li>(2003): <i>Tolleranza, responsabilità e Stato de diritto. Saggi di filosofia morale e politica</i>, trad. ita. de P. Comanducci y T. Mazzarese, il Mulino, Bologna.</li> <li>(2004): <i>Calamidades</i>, Gedisa, Barcelona.</li> <li>(2005): <i>Por qué estoy aquí. Tres justificaciones y una excusa</i>, Universidad Nacional, La Rioja.</li> <li>(2006): <i>Tolerancia, dignidad y democracia</i>, Universidad Inca Garcilaso del la Vega, Lima.</li> <li>(2011): <i>Propuestas</i>, Trotta, Madrid.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_in_English">Articles in English</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Articles in English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>On justifying legal paternalism</i>, Ratio Juris (Oxford) 3 (March 1990) 1 bis, p. 173-184.</li> <li><i>Basic Needs, Legitimate Wants and Political Legitimacy in Mario Bunge's Conception of Ethics</i>, in P. Weingartner/G. J. W. Dorn (eds.), Studies on Mario Bunge's Treatise, Amsterdam & Atlanta, GA 1990, p. 471-487.</li> <li><i>The Argentine Military and Democracy</i>, in Academia de Ciencias de Polonia, Instituto de Historia (ed.), Contemporary Societies in a Comparative Perspective: Eastern Europe and Latin America in the 20th Century (= Estudios Latinoamericanos 14), parte II, Warsaw 1992, p. 93-107.</li> <li><i>Constitution and Stability in Latin America</i>, in W. Krawietz, N. MacCormick y G. H. von Wright (eds.), Prescriptive Formality and Normative Rational¬ity in Modern Legal Systems, Festschrift for Robert S. Summers, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 1994, p. 549-572.</li> <li><i>Some Remarks on Bulygin's "Cognition and Interpretation of Law"</i>, in Letizia Gianformaggio y Stanley I. Paulson (eds.), Cognition and interpretation of law, Turin: G. Giappichelli 1995, p. 277-284.</li> <li><i>Legal Security and Equity</i>, in Aulis Aarnio, Kauko Pietilä, Jyrki Uusitalo (ed.), Interests, Morality and the Law, University of Tampere, Research Institute for Social Sciences, 14/1996, p. 15-32.</li> <li><i>More on the relation between Law and Morality</i>, in: Aulis Aarnio, Kauko Pietilä, Jyrki Uusitalo (ed.), Interests, Morality and the Law, University of Tampere, Research Institute for Social Sciences, 14/1996, p. 123-143.</li> <li><i>Reasonableness as a Criterion of Moral Correctness?</i>, in Georg Meggle (ed.), Actions, Norms, Values: Discussions with Georg Henrik von Wright, Berlin: de Gruyter 1998, p. 245-254.</li> <li><i>The Concept of Corruption</i>, Associations, 1 (1997), p. 103-125.</li> <li><i>On the Concept of Legitimacy of a Political System</i>, Associations, Vol. 2 (1998), Nº 1, p. 55-62.</li> <li><i>Two Models of Legal Validity: Hans Kelsen and Francisco Suárez</i>, in Stanley L. Paulson y Bonnie Litscheweski Paulson (eds.) Normativity and Norms. Critical Perspectives on Kelsenian Themes, Oxford: Clarendon Press 1998, p. 263-271.</li> <li><i>Some Reflections on the Concept of Equality</i>, in Associazione italiana dei costituzionalisti (ed.), Annuario 1998, p. 3-20.</li> <li><i>Dictatorship and Punishment: a Reply to Scanlon and Teitel</i>, in Harold Hongju Koh and Ronald C. Slye (eds.), Deliberative Democracy and Human Rights, New Haven/London 1999, p. 291-300.</li> <li><i>Democratic consensus: foundation and limits of the role of minorities</i>, in Werner Krawietz, Robert S. Summers, Ota Weinberger, Georg Henrik von Wright (eds.), The Reasonable as Rational. Festscrift for Aulis Aarnio, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 2000, p. 367-384.</li> <li><i>Hypocrisy, Sympathy and the Rule of Law</i>, Associations 4 (2), 2000, p. 167-189.</li> <li><i>What is wrong with the rule of Law?</i>, in SELA 2000, Estado de derecho y democracia, Buenos Aires: Editores del Puerto 2001, p. 61-83.</li> <li><i>Optimism and Pessimism about Democracy</i>, in The Tampere Club (ed.), The Future of Democracy, Tampere: Aamulehti 2003, p. 8-35.</li> <li><i>Intimacy, Privacy and Publicity</i>, Analyse & Kritik, 1/2003, p. 17-40.</li> <li><i>Responding to Extraordinary Violence</i>, Associations, Vol. 7, 2003, N. 2, p. 291-311.</li> <li><i>Some Thoughts on Globalization and Democracy</i>, in Ruth Zimmerling (ed.), Globalisation and Democracy, Tampere: University Press 2005, p. 37- 43.</li> <li><i>Democracy and Representation</i>, in Geoffey Brennan (ed.), Preconditions of Democracy, Tampere: University Press 2006, p. 127-145</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Garz%C3%B3n_Vald%C3%A9s&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCervantes" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cervantes, Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/">"Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes"</a>. <i>Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblioteca+Virtual+Miguel+de+Cervantes&rft.atitle=Biblioteca+Virtual+Miguel+de+Cervantes&rft.aulast=Cervantes&rft.aufirst=Biblioteca+Virtual+Miguel+de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cervantesvirtual.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErnesto+Garz%C3%B3n+Vald%C3%A9s" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uchile.cl/noticias/211360/fallece-profesor-argentino-ernesto-garzon-valdes">Fallece destacado profesor, jurista y filósofo argentino Ernesto Garzón Valdés</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwHdgc6GKffqtyCvq6h73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119119226">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83216610">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12468675v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12468675v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX947374">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071264167">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90349749">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/86lnnqns4618g3p">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810586941105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007432748405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000098197">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14795432">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02075634?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119119226.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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