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Germany’s balancing act: Fighting online hate while protecting free speech – POLITICO
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src="https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1160,height=826,fit=crop,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/netzdgcoverWEBcrop.jpg" srcset="https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=480,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/netzdgcoverWEBcrop.jpg 480w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=768,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/netzdgcoverWEBcrop.jpg 768w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1024,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/netzdgcoverWEBcrop.jpg 1024w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1280,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/netzdgcoverWEBcrop.jpg 1280w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1440,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/netzdgcoverWEBcrop.jpg 1440w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1920,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/netzdgcoverWEBcrop.jpg 1920w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=2640,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/netzdgcoverWEBcrop.jpg 2640w" sizes="(max-width: 965px) 100vw, 965px" alt="netzdgcoverWEBcrop" class="" width="965" height="687" role="" loading="eager" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> <figcaption> <div class="figcaption__inner"> Illustration by Alexandra España for POLITICO </div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="article-meta"> <div class="articla-meta__datetime-duration"> <div class="date-time article-meta__date-time before-title "> <span class="date-time__date"> October 1, 2020 </span> <span class="date-time__time"> 10:00 am CET </span> </div> </div> <div class="authors article-meta__authors "> By <a href="https://www.politico.eu/author/janosch-delcker/"> Janosch Delcker </a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>Late in the evening on June 1, 2019, Walter Lübcke, a local German politician, sat on the terrace outside his house on the outskirts of Kassel when a man crept up on him, aimed a gun at his head and shot him just above his ear.</p> <p>The man, a neo-Nazi, had crossed paths with the conservative politician before. At the height of the refugee crisis, in 2015, he witnessed Lübcke defend Germany’s open border policy at a town hall meeting. In the intervening four years, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdnLSC2hy9E" target="_blank">a video of Lübcke’s remarks</a> was widely shared in right-wing online forums. By 2019, the politician had become the face of Germany’s refugee policy — and a target.</p> <p>Lübcke’s murder reignited a fierce debate in Germany, at a time when it is struggling to adapt two of its core post-World War II values to the age of the internet: the fight against hate speech and the importance of civil liberties, such as free speech and privacy.</p></div></div><aside class="sidebar-grid__sidebar"><div class="ad ad-is-sticky ad-no-background ad__rectangle-1"><!-- AD UNIT Rectangle-1 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-rectangle-1"> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappingrectangle = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[300,250], [300,600]]).addSize([768,200], [[300,250]]).addSize([0,0], [[0,0]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Rectangle-1', [[300,250], [300,600]], 'div-gpt-ad-rectangle-1' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappingrectangle ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-1" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div></aside><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-1"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-1 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-1"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-1', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-1' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappinginstory ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-instory-1" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>Berlin’s unprecedented attempt to balance these twin commitments — the <a href="https://www.bmjv.de/DE/Themen/FokusThemen/NetzDG/NetzDG_node.html" target="_blank">Network Enforcement Act</a>, known as NetzDG — elicited howls of protest from free speech crusaders when it was passed in 2017. Critics of the law said its measures, which require social media platforms like Facebook to quickly take down incendiary material or face big fines, could stifle political speech or be used as a model for authoritarian governments to crack down on online dissent.</p> <p>Today, three years after the bill was passed, many of them say their fears have materialized.</p> <blockquote><p>Early next year, the European Union is set to unveil a new rulebook, known as the Digital Services Act, which intends to clarify how online platforms should moderate illegal content.</p></blockquote> <p>The legislation now also faces an additional breed of critics: those who say it doesn’t go far enough — that people posting hate speech should be unmasked and brought to justice.</p> <p>This new set of complaints — coming as Germany is <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/german-parliament-moves-to-toughen-hate-speech-rules/?utm_source=POLITICO.EU&utm_campaign=5905d18ec7-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2020_09_09_10_37&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_10959edeb5-5905d18ec7-189775021">about to roll out a controversial upgrade to NetzDG</a> that would force platforms to proactively report hate speech to law enforcement — has once again set off alarm bells among civil libertarians.</p> <p>Privacy advocates argue the move would violate rule-of-law guarantees in the German constitution. Pushed far enough, legislation requiring platforms to reveal users’ identity to authorities — without a court order, as is currently required in Germany — could change the fundamental nature of the internet.</p></div></div><aside class="sidebar-grid__sidebar"><div class="ad ad-is-sticky ad-no-background ad__rectangle-2"><!-- AD UNIT Rectangle-2 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-rectangle-2"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappingrectangle = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[300,250], [300,600]]).addSize([768,200], [[300,250]]).addSize([0,0], [[0,0]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Rectangle-2', [[300,250], [300,600]], 'div-gpt-ad-rectangle-2' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappingrectangle ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-2" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div></aside><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-2"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-2 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-2"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-2', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-2' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappinginstory ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-instory-2" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>It’s a debate that has implications that go far beyond Germany’s borders. Early next year, the European Union is set to unveil a new rulebook, known as the Digital Services Act, which intends to clarify how online platforms should moderate illegal content.</p> <p>“What we’re debating here in Berlin has great relevance for all democracies, whether they’re in Europe or elsewhere in the world,” said Konstantin von Notz, a member of the German parliament for the opposition Green Party.</p> <p>“We’re walking a tightrope, having to balance the fight against disinformation, incitement and slander on one side with the right to free speech on the other, which is of paramount importance in democracies,” he added. “To come up with a law that is both balanced and effective is far from a trivial task.”</p> <h3>Hate speech problem</h3> <p>It’s perhaps no coincidence the debate over what can and can’t be said on the internet is happening in Germany.</p> <p>The country has some of the strictest laws on what is acceptable speech. Forged in the late 1950s, Germany’s robust hate speech laws were a direct response to the country’s experience with Nazism and an acknowledgment that the rise of authoritarianism was partly made possible by the fact that it was legal to use incendiary propaganda that drew on racist tropes and was designed to stoke prejudice.</p> <p>For decades now, incitement to hatred against national, religious, ethnic or racial groups has been illegal in Germany; using racial slurs or displaying Nazi symbols in public can land you in court.</p></div></div><aside class="sidebar-grid__sidebar"><div class="ad ad-is-sticky ad-no-background ad__rectangle-3"><!-- AD UNIT Rectangle-3 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-rectangle-3"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappingrectangle = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[300,250], [300,600]]).addSize([768,200], [[300,250]]).addSize([0,0], [[0,0]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Rectangle-3', [[300,250], [300,600]], 'div-gpt-ad-rectangle-3' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappingrectangle ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-3" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div></aside><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-3"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-3 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-3"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-3', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-3' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappinginstory ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-instory-3" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>NetzDG is Berlin’s attempt to apply that approach to an online culture overflowing with often-anonymous racist, violent and misogynistic vitriol. Even its proponents say there’s still work to be done.</p> <div id="attachment_1472165" style="width: 724px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1472165" class="wp-image-1472165 size-ev-full-width" src="https://www.politico.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093-714x476.jpg" alt="" width="714" height="476" srcset="https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=714,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 714w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=300,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 300w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1024,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 1024w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=768,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 768w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1160,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 1160w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=380,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 380w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=171,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 171w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=90,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 90w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=103,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 103w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=200,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 200w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=390,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 390w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=54,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 54w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1080,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 1080w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=333,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 333w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1120,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 1120w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1201958093.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1472165" class="wp-caption-text">Forensic police on the scene of a mass shooting in Germany | Thomas Lohnes/AFP via Getty Images</p></div> <p>Less than two years after the law was passed, Lübcke’s murder in 2019 reinforced the idea that, left unchecked, online hate speech could spill over into real violence, convincing some lawmakers to push for even stricter controls.</p> <p>In the months that followed, Berlin doubled down, <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-hate-speech-netzdg-angela-merkel-facebook-germany-twitter/">green-lighting new policies</a> to tackle far-right extremism, including an upgrade to NetzDG.</p> <p>A spate of far-right attacks later that year appeared to validate the urgency of the government’s efforts. The incidents made clear that Lübcke’s killing was no isolated case and that the country — often applauded for how it deals with the crimes of its Nazi past — had been ignoring an increasingly dangerous network of radicalized far-right activists.</p> <p>On the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur in October 2019, an armed right-wing extremist <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/two-dead-shooting-german-synagogue-halle/">tried to storm a synagogue in Halle</a> and live stream the rampage. When he couldn’t get into the building, he shot dead a woman in the streets, then decided to “kill people with a migrant background,” according to his indictment, and shot another man at a nearby kebab shop. He was later found to have been active in various online far-right forums.</p> <blockquote><p>For some experts and victims of hate speech, however, even the upgrade to NetzDG still leaves big problems unaddressed.</p></div></div><aside class="sidebar-grid__sidebar"><div class="ad ad-is-sticky ad-no-background ad__rectangle-4"><!-- AD UNIT Rectangle-4 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-rectangle-4"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappingrectangle = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[300,250], [300,600]]).addSize([768,200], [[300,250]]).addSize([0,0], [[0,0]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Rectangle-4', [[300,250], [300,600]], 'div-gpt-ad-rectangle-4' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappingrectangle ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-4" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div></aside><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-4"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-4 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-4"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-4', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-4' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappinginstory ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-instory-4" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"></blockquote> <p>In February 2020, just hours after Merkel’s government approved one of two updates to NetzDG, a man <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/extreme-right-killings-leave-merkel-coalition-searching-for-answers/">killed nine people at two hookah bars in the city of Hanau</a>. The 43-year-old, who killed himself and his mother after the attack, had published videos and documents online in which he cited internet conspiracy theories and called for the “extermination” of certain ethnic groups.</p> <p>Under the new rules, which could take effect in the fall, platforms like Facebook and Twitter will have to flag particularly egregious examples of hate speech, such as incitement to racial hatred, to law enforcement — the idea being to apprehend a potential attacker before they turn to violence.</p> <p>The updated rules <a href="https://www.politico.eu/?p=1330870">would also make it easier</a> for users to report illegal content and to challenge content decisions by platforms. Companies will be forced to disclose more information about how — and with the use of what technology — they handle cases when content is flagged to them as potentially illegal.</p> <div id="attachment_1472167" style="width: 724px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1472167" class="wp-image-1472167 size-ev-full-width" src="https://www.politico.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399-714x465.jpg" alt="" width="714" height="465" srcset="https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=714,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 714w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=300,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 300w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1024,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 1024w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=768,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 768w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1160,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 1160w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=380,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 380w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=175,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 175w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=90,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 90w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=106,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 106w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=200,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 200w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=399,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 399w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=55,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 55w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1105,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 1105w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=333,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 333w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1120,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 1120w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1177856399.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1472167" class="wp-caption-text">NetzDG legislation has social media giants like Facebook under pressure, but is it worth that? | Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images</p></div> <p>Describing the need to update the legislation, German Justice Minister Christine Lambrecht told POLITICO: “Our hands-on experience has shown that several rules need to be improved and developed further.”</p> <p>But she also defended NetzDG’s “general approach” as effective. The idea of holding the world’s social media giants accountable for dealing with illegal content has “stood the test,” she said, adding that the new measures are “appropriate” and crucial to taking action against “punishable hate speech.”</p> <h3>Finding the trolls</h3> <p>For some experts and victims of hate speech, however, even the upgrade to NetzDG still leaves big problems unaddressed. Specifically, they say it’s still too hard to take action against anonymous posters of hate speech.</p></div></div><aside class="sidebar-grid__sidebar"><div class="ad ad-is-sticky ad-no-background ad__rectangle-5"><!-- AD UNIT Rectangle-5 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-rectangle-5"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappingrectangle = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[300,250], [300,600]]).addSize([768,200], [[300,250]]).addSize([0,0], [[0,0]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Rectangle-5', [[300,250], [300,600]], 'div-gpt-ad-rectangle-5' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappingrectangle ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-rectangle-5" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div></aside><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-5"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-5 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-5"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-5', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-5' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappinginstory ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-instory-5" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>Renate Künast, a former national minister and one of the country’s most prominent politicians, has gone on a crusade to expose the failings of current legislation, after she became the target of online hate. It’s been an uphill battle.</p> <p>“Time and time again, I reported offenses to authorities,” Künast said. “But my complaints were rejected claiming that, legally, the attacks didn’t qualify as defamation or that politicians need to be able to live with that.”</p> <p>Last year, frustrated by a lack of progress and eager to set an example, Künast ended up in a local court. With the help of Berlin-based organization HateAid, she filed a motion against Facebook to release the identities of the people behind 22 particularly hateful messages so that she could press charges. The comments were made in response to a Facebook post that falsely alleged she had supported decriminalizing sex between adults and children in the 1980s (Facebook took down the post).</p> <blockquote><p>One of the key obstacles holding victims back from retaliating is that they have to advance the costs of legal proceedings.</p></blockquote> <p>In September, the court denied her request, arguing that the comments — which included calling Künast a “c**t” and saying she should be dumped on a “garbage heap” — did not legally qualify as defamation.</p> <p>“Neither as someone who’s personally affected nor as a trained lawyer could I understand how the judges came to that decision,” she said.</p></div></div><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-5_1"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-5_1 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-5_1"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-5', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-5_1' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappinginstory ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-instory-5_1" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>A higher regional Berlin court has <a href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/digital/renate-kuenast-beleidigung-facebook-kammergericht-1.4855652" target="_blank">since overruled</a> the ruling and decided that 12 out of the 22 comments were punishable. But Künast is determined to take the case further and has filed a complaint with Germany’s Constitutional Court, the country’s highest court.</p> <p>“The idea is to show other people, who are not prominent, that you can fight back against hate speech and to make sure that in the future everyone who files criminal charges against hate speech will end up with courts and prosecutors who can follow new rulings by Germany’s highest courts,” she said.</p> <div id="attachment_1472166" style="width: 724px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1472166" class="size-ev-full-width wp-image-1472166" src="https://www.politico.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963-714x476.jpg" alt="" width="714" height="476" srcset="https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=714,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 714w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=300,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 300w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1024,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 1024w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=768,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 768w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1160,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 1160w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=380,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 380w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=171,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 171w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=90,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 90w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=104,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 104w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=200,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 200w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=390,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 390w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=54,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 54w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1080,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 1080w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=333,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 333w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1120,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 1120w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228207963.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1472166" class="wp-caption-text">German Justice Minister Christine Lambrecht | Mika Schmidt/Getty Images</p></div> <p>According to organizations like HateAid, the new rules won’t do enough to help victims bring perpetrators to justice — despite the big trade-offs when it comes to internet users’ privacy.</p> <p>One of the key obstacles holding victims back from retaliating is that they have to advance the costs of legal proceedings — often several thousands of euros — without knowing whether they will get the money back, said Josephine Ballon, a lawyer working for HateAid.</p> <p>“For victims, there still is no legally secure way how to fight back,” Ballon said.“And a majority of those problems will prevail, despite the changes that are in the making.”</p> <h3>A blueprint for authoritarian regimes?</h3> <p>If the fight against hate speech has particular resonance in Germany, so does the need to protect people’s right to privacy and civil liberties. The reasons for this are historical, too: For many Germans, the prospect of a return to the type of surveillance, spying and informing on your neighbors that was part of life in both Nazi Germany and East Germany after World War II is a source of fear and apprehension.</p></div></div><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-5_2"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-5_2 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-5_2"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-5', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-5_2' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappinginstory ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-instory-5_2" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>Opponents of NetzDG warn that the law — and plans to update it further — could do long-lasting damage to the country’s data protection standards, <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-triggers-soul-searching-on-privacy-in-germany/">a result of over five decades of advocacy</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/amid-rise-in-extremism-german-hate-speech-crackdown-sparks-censorship-fears/">Privacy advocates and members of the tech industry</a> who are opposed to the law take particular issue with the fact that content moderators employed by the platforms will be making the first call on whether a particular comment or post falls foul of German hate speech laws — something judges often struggle to ascertain. The content moderators will then be expected to report the authors of those posts to investigators at Germany’s Federal Criminal Police Office.</p> <p>Those new rules won’t just lead to a tsunami of cases for authorities to deal with. Forcing platforms to reveal the identity of users will allow authorities to build up ever-growing databases of highly sensitive information, said opposition lawmaker von Notz.</p> <blockquote><p>It took less than two weeks after Berlin passed NetzDG back in 2017 for Russia to follow suit and approve its own hate speech bill.</p></blockquote> <p>There’s also a real risk that innocent bystanders could get caught in the crossfire, according to von Notz.</p> <p>“Lest we forget that, in theory, anybody can report any type of content — and we’re already seeing today on Twitter and elsewhere that agitators use the reporting tools to silence others,” he said.</p></div></div><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-5_3"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-5_3 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-5_3"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-5', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-5_3' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappinginstory ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-instory-5_3" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>Beth, a 24-year-old trans woman who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said she’s been targeted by groups of far-right Twitter users who reported her tweets in order to force her off the platform. She has received a steady stream of abuse and threats, including comments such as “You deserve to be stoned to death” and “I’ll chop off your head.”</p> <p>In an orchestrated move, a group of dozens of trolls complained to Twitter about a profanity she had tweeted, prompting the platform to block her account on the grounds that her post was in breach of the platform’s guidelines. Instead of helping her fight the harassment she experienced, NetzDG was used against her, she said.</p> <div id="attachment_1472168" style="width: 724px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1472168" class="size-ev-full-width wp-image-1472168" src="https://www.politico.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010-714x476.jpg" alt="" width="714" height="476" srcset="https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=714,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 714w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=300,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 300w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1024,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 1024w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=768,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 768w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1160,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 1160w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=380,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 380w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=171,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 171w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=90,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 90w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=104,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 104w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=200,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 200w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=390,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 390w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=54,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 54w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1080,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 1080w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=333,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 333w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1120,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 1120w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1277297010.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1472168" class="wp-caption-text">In February 2020, just hours after Merkel’s government approved one of two updates to NetzDG, a man killed nine people at two hookah bars in the city of Hanau | Maja Hitij/Getty Images</p></div> <p>It took several months and the intervention of HateAid before Twitter reversed its decision and reactivated her account. The company declined to comment on the incident.</p> <p>Unless social media platforms increase the number of human staffers looking into cases of hate speech, others risk being silenced in similar knee-jerk reactions to a reported case of so-called abuse, said Beth.</p> <p>Press freedom advocates have also warned that the law creates a useful template for autocratic countries to use to censor political opponents and other members of marginalized groups.</p> <p>“The signal Germany sent with NetzDG was that cracking down hard on illegal online content was the right approach,” said Lisa Dittmer, an advocacy officer at Reporters Without Borders. “But not much attention was paid to how to protect freedom of speech while doing so.”</p></div></div><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-5_4"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-5_4 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-5_4"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-5', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-5_4' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappinginstory ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-instory-5_4" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <blockquote><p>From Vienna to Paris, European national governments are drafting similar national laws, and officials in Brussels are working on what could become EU-wide binding guidelines.</p></blockquote> <p>It took less than two weeks after Berlin passed NetzDG back in 2017 for Russia to follow suit and approve its own hate speech bill, which referred explicitly to the German law, she pointed out. Since then, more than a dozen countries, from Venezuela to the Philippines and Malaysia, <a href="http://justitia-int.org/en/the-digital-berlin-wall-how-germany-created-a-prototype-for-global-online-censorship/" target="_blank">have</a> passed similar legislation.</p> <p>In August, Turkey passed what the non-profit Electronic Frontier Foundation called “<a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/07/turkeys-new-internet-law-worst-version-germanys-netzdg-yet" target="_blank">the worst version of Germany’s NetzDG yet</a>,” further choking free speech in the country.</p> <p>Asked about the way NetzDG is being used by autocratic regimes, Lambrecht, the German justice minister, shot back: “I cannot comprehend that criticism. The NetzDG is, on the contrary, protecting freedom of expression.”</p> <p>Allegations otherwise are “both wrong and counterproductive,” she added. She said that NetzDG only forces platforms to take down content that’s considered illegal by German law — which is “the fundamental difference to the situation in authoritarian countries and regimes that don’t respect the rule of law.”</p> <h3>‘No easy answers’</h3> <p>Berlin is not alone in grappling with the question of how to police online hate speech while still maintaining civil liberties.</p></div></div><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-5_5"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-5_5 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-5_5"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-5', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-5_5' ).setTargeting('tag',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","data","data-protection","disinformation","extremism","facebook","france","frank-walter-steinmeier","germany","google","illegal-content","law-enforcement","malaysia","philippines","platforms","privacy","rule-of-law","russia","social-media","society-culture","surveillance","technology","turkey","twitter","venezuela"]).setTargeting('section',["technology"]).setTargeting('country',["france","germany","malaysia","philippines","russia","turkey","venezuela"]).setTargeting('person',["angela-merkel","christine-lambrecht","frank-walter-steinmeier"]).setTargeting('organisation',["facebook","google","twitter"]).setTargeting('post_type',['pro-free']).setTargeting('page_type',['single']).setTargeting('post_id',['1418367']).setTargeting('language',['en']).defineSizeMapping( sizeMappinginstory ).addService( googletag.pubads() ); googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-instory-5_5" ); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>From <a href="https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20200904_OTS0156/oesterreichisches-plattformgesetz-fehler-bei-netzdg-vermeiden" target="_blank">Vienna</a> to Paris, European national governments are drafting similar national laws, and officials in Brussels are working on what could become EU-wide binding guidelines for how platforms should deal with hateful content.</p> <p>All are paying close attention to how Berlin is handling the delicate balancing act.</p> <p>The French parliament earlier this year passed an anti-hate speech bill that shared a good deal of resemblance with Berlin’s NetzDG, but suffered a major rebuke when, a month later, France’s Constitutional Court <a href="https://www.politico.eu/article/french-constitutional-court-strikes-down-most-of-hate-speech-law/">knocked down a big chunk of it</a> as unconstitutional, forcing lawmakers back to the drawing board.</p> <p>The ruling was perceived as an indirect blow to the German law, which Lambrecht had suggested could serve as a model for Europe-wide rules.</p> <div id="attachment_1472169" style="width: 724px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-1472169" class="size-ev-full-width wp-image-1472169" src="https://www.politico.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215-714x464.jpg" alt="" width="714" height="464" srcset="https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=714,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 714w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=300,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 300w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1024,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 1024w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=768,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 768w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1160,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 1160w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=380,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 380w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=175,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 175w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=106,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 106w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=200,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 200w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=400,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 400w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=55,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 55w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1107,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 1107w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=333,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 333w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=1120,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 1120w, https://www.politico.eu/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,onerror=redirect,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GettyImages-1228282215.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px" /><p id="caption-attachment-1472169" class="wp-caption-text">Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier | Tobias Schwarz/AFP via Getty Images</p></div> <p>Of particular concern is the fact that Germany’s approach has left the country deeply divided, with many convinced it’s the wrong way to tackle hate speech online and the deeper issue of the internet’s role in political radicalization.</p> <p>“Further tightening up the law won’t solve our problem with right-wing extremism,” said Elke Steven, the chairperson of NGO Digitale Gesellschaft. “There are other ways to do that besides outsourcing parts of law enforcement to private companies and enabling the collection of data on a massive scale.”</p></div></div><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-5_6"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-5_6 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-5_6"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], 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class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>If the NetzDG has taught lawmakers one lesson, it’s that when it comes to fighting hate online, “there are no easy answers,” said von Notz, the Green member of parliament.</p> <p>Two legal assessments commissioned by van Notz’s Green party <a href="https://www.politico.eu/?p=1459015">independently concluded</a> that the justice ministry’s plan to force platforms to proactively report serious cases of hate speech to law enforcement is partly unconstitutional.</p> <blockquote><p>[Federal President Frank-Walter] Steinmeier is reported to have concerns that Lambrecht’s plan to force platforms to hand over sensitive user data to authorities.</p></blockquote> <p>Instead, platforms should be forced to “freeze” the data of potentially illegal posts, and only hand it over once an independent authority has confirmed that there are legitimate concerns over hate speech, the Greens argue.</p> <p>The issue could soon land in front of the country’s Constitutional Court — if the upgrade to NetzDG, which was approved by Chancellor Angela Merkel’s government in the spring and <a href="https://www.politico.eu/?p=1392852">the German parliament in June</a>, takes effect in the fall, as planned.</p> <p>It’s a big if.</p></div></div><div class="ad full-bleed ad__instory-5_7"><!-- AD UNIT Instory-5_7 --> <span class="ad-label">Advertisement</span> <div class="ad-wrapper"> <div class="ad-inner"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-instory-5_7"> <script> googletag.cmd.push( function() { var sizeMappinginstory = googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([1024,200], [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([768,200], [[728,90], [300,250], [1,1]]).addSize([0,0], [[300,250], [320,500], [320,100], [1,1]]).build(); googletag.defineSlot( '52224093/Instory-5', [[728,90], [720,500], [300,250], [1,1]], 'div-gpt-ad-instory-5_7' 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class="sidebar-grid__container"><div class="sidebar-grid__content article__content"> <p>Like any law, the bill first has to be signed by Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, the country’s highest official. It’s another safeguard in Germany’s Basic Law to make sure those in power don’t pass laws that breach the constitution.</p> <p>Most of the time, the president’s signature is considered a formality. But Steinmeier is <a href="https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/hate-speech-hasskriminalitaet-gesetz-steinmeier-1.5034929" target="_blank">reported</a> to have concerns that Lambrecht’s plan to force platforms to hand over sensitive user data to authorities could be deemed unconstitutional by the country’s top judges.</p> <p>So far, he has declined to sign the bill</p> <div class="content-listing content-listing__columns--1 content_listing__also-on with-alt-title content-listing__with-title "> <div class="content-header-new "><h2 class="content-header-new__title"> <span class="content-header-new__title-icon content-header-new__title-icon--before" aria-hidden="true"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M8 12.833a4.833 4.833 0 1 0 0-9.667 4.833 4.833 0 0 0 0 9.667Z" stroke="#0D0F16" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></svg> </span> <span class="content-header-new__title-text"> Also On POLITICO </span> </h2> </div> <div 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