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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86" title="نيكولاس ستيرن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيكولاس ستيرن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="نیکلاس استرن، بارون استرن برنتفورد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نیکلاس استرن، بارون استرن برنتفورد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Stern" title="Nicholas Stern – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nicholas Stern" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Stern" title="Nicholas Stern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nicholas Stern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Stern" title="Nicholas Stern – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nicholas Stern" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="نیکلاس استرن، بارون استرن برنتفورد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیکلاس استرن، بارون استرن برنتفورد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Stern" title="Nicholas Stern – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nicholas Stern" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D5%8D%D5%A9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6" title="Նիկոլաս Սթերն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիկոլաս Սթերն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Stern" title="Nicholas Stern – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nicholas Stern" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86_(%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86)" title="نيكولاس ستيرن (بارون) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيكولاس ستيرن (بارون)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Stern" title="Nicholas Stern – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nicholas Stern" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ニコラス・スターン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニコラス・スターン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Stern" title="Nicholas Stern – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nicholas Stern" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Стерн, Николас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стерн, Николас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Stern" title="Nicholas Stern – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nicholas Stern" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Stern" title="Nicholas Stern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nicholas Stern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%81%A9" title="尼古拉斯·斯特恩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="尼古拉斯·斯特恩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335441#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">British economist and academic (born 1946)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the economist. For film producer, see <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Stern" title="Nicolas Stern">Nicolas Stern</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord Stern of Brentford</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences">FAcSS</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicholas_Herbert_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nicholas_Herbert_Stern%2C_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford.jpg/220px-Nicholas_Herbert_Stern%2C_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nicholas_Herbert_Stern%2C_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford.jpg/330px-Nicholas_Herbert_Stern%2C_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nicholas_Herbert_Stern%2C_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford.jpg/440px-Nicholas_Herbert_Stern%2C_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3724" data-file-height="5586" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2013–2017</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Roberts_(scholar)" title="Adam Roberts (scholar)">Adam Roberts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Cannadine" title="David Cannadine">David Cannadine</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Economist_of_the_World_Bank" title="Chief Economist of the World Bank">Chief Economist of the World Bank</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 2000 – 2003</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Wolfensohn" title="James Wolfensohn">James Wolfensohn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bourguignon" title="François Bourguignon">François Bourguignon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lords_Temporal" title="Lords Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />10 December 2007<br /><a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">Life Peerage</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Nicholas Herbert Stern</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1946-04-22</span>) </span>22 April 1946<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 78)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Crossbencher" title="Crossbencher">Crossbench</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Peterhouse, Cambridge">Peterhouse, Cambridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_College,_Oxford" title="Nuffield College, Oxford">Nuffield College, Oxford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">DPhil</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/profile/nicholas-stern">Official website</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stern_Review" title="Stern Review">Stern Review</a> (2006)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">Fellow of the British Academy</a> (1993)<br /><a href="/wiki/Blue_Planet_Prize" title="Blue Planet Prize">Blue Planet Prize</a> (2009)<br /><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> (2014)<br /><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour</a> (2017)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a><br /><a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a><br /><a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.473827">Location and the Rate of Development: A Study in the Theory of Optimum Planning</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1971)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James Mirrlees</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nicholas Herbert Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of Honour">CH</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_British_Academy" title="Fellow of the British Academy">FBA</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences">FAcSS</a></span></span> (born 22 April 1946 in <a href="/wiki/Hammersmith" title="Hammersmith">Hammersmith</a><sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a British economist, banker, and academic. He is the IG Patel Professor of Economics and Government and Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Grantham_Research_Institute_on_Climate_Change_and_the_Environment" title="Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment">Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment</a> at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a> (LSE), and 2010 Professor of <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>. He was President of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a> from 2013 to 2017, and was elected <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After attending <a href="/wiki/Latymer_Upper_School" title="Latymer Upper School">Latymer Upper School</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Stern studied the <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Tripos" title="Mathematical Tripos">Mathematical Tripos</a> and was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree in maths at <a href="/wiki/Peterhouse,_Cambridge" title="Peterhouse, Cambridge">Peterhouse, Cambridge</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971, his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">doctorate</a><sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in economics (DPhilEcon) at <a href="/wiki/Nuffield_College,_Oxford" title="Nuffield College, Oxford">Nuffield College, Oxford</a>, with thesis on the rate of <a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">economic development</a> and the theory of optimum planning,<sup id="cite_ref-dphilecon_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dphilecon-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was supervised by <a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James Mirrlees</a>, winner of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize in Economics">Nobel Prize in Economics</a> in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_research">Career and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970–2007"><span id="1970.E2.80.932007"></span>1970–2007</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1970–2007"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was a lecturer at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> from 1970 to 1977<sup id="cite_ref-scopus_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scopus-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AtkinsonStern1974_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AtkinsonStern1974-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and served as a professor of economics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> from 1978 to 1987. From 1986 to 1993 he taught at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>, becoming the Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Hicks" title="John Hicks">John Hicks</a> Professor of Economics. From 1994 until 1999 he was the Chief Economist and Special Counsellor to the President of the <a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a>. His research focused on <a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">economic development</a> and growth, and he also wrote books on <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green Revolution in India</a>. Since 1999, he has been a member of the International Advisory Council of the Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE). From 1999 until 2000 Stern was Chairman of the consultancy London Economics founded by <a href="/wiki/John_Kay_(economist)" title="John Kay (economist)">John Kay</a>. </p><p>From 2000 to 2003 he was the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Chief_Economist" class="mw-redirect" title="World Bank Chief Economist">Chief Economist</a> and Senior Vice-president of the World Bank. Stern was then recruited by <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>, to work for the British government where, in 2003, he became second permanent secretary at <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a>, initially with responsibility for public finances, and head of the <a href="/wiki/Government_Economic_Service" title="Government Economic Service">Government Economic Service</a>. Having also been Director of Policy and Research for the <a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Africa" title="Commission for Africa">Commission for Africa</a>, in July 2005 he was appointed to conduct reviews on the economics of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and also of development, which led to the publication of the <a href="/wiki/Stern_Review" title="Stern Review">Stern Review</a>. At the time, he ceased to be a second permanent secretary at the Treasury, though he retained the rank until retirement in 2007; the review team he headed was based in the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a>. It was reported that Stern's time at the Treasury was marked by tensions with his boss, Gordon Brown:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>... several <a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a> sources told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> that Mr Brown did not like some of the advice he received from Sir Nicholas, including some "home truths" about long-term trends in the economy and he never broke into the chancellor's tight-knit inner circle. ... He subsequently lacked a real role and spent most of his time working on major international reports on global warming and alleviating poverty in Africa. His doom-laden report on the risks of failing to address <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, published in October, caused tensions within the Government by triggering a debate on environmental taxes and leading to calls for big policy changes.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Stern_Review_(2005—2006)"><span id="The_Stern_Review_.282005.E2.80.942006.29"></span>The Stern Review (2005—2006)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Stern Review (2005—2006)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Stern_Review" title="Stern Review">Stern Review</a> Report on the Economics of Climate Change</i> was produced by a team led by Stern at HM Treasury, and was released in October 2006. In the review, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> is described as an economic <a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">externality</a>, which is a type of <a href="/wiki/Market_failure" title="Market failure">market failure</a>. Stern has subsequently referred to the climate change externality as the largest ever market failure: </p> <blockquote><p>Climate change is a result of the greatest market failure the world has seen. The evidence on the seriousness of the risks from inaction or delayed action is now overwhelming ... The problem of climate change involves a fundamental failure of markets: those who damage others by emitting greenhouse gases generally do not pay<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Regulation, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">carbon taxes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_emission_trading" title="Carbon emission trading">carbon trading</a>, along with pollution permits and property rights, are recommended to reduce <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas emissions</a>. It is argued that the world economy can lower its greenhouse gas emissions at a significant but manageable cost. The review concludes that immediate reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are necessary to reduce the worst <a href="/wiki/Climate_risk" title="Climate risk">risks of climate change</a>. The review's conclusions were widely reported in the press. Stern's relatively large cost estimates of 'business-as-usual' climate change damages received particular attention.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are the estimated damages that might occur should no further effort be made to cut greenhouse gas emissions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicholas_Stern_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nicholas_Stern_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2009.jpg/220px-Nicholas_Stern_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nicholas_Stern_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2009.jpg/330px-Nicholas_Stern_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Nicholas_Stern_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2009.jpg/440px-Nicholas_Stern_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_Davos_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3063" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption>Stern at <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a> annual meeting in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, January 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>There has been a mixed reaction to the Stern Review from economists. Several economists have been critical of the review,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example, a paper by Byatt et al. (2006) describes the review as "deeply flawed".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have supported the Review,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-shah_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shah-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others have argued that Stern's conclusions are reasonable, even if the method by which he reached them is incorrect.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Stern Review team has responded to criticisms of the review in several papers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stern has also gone on to say that he underestimated the risks of climate change in the Stern Review.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stern's approach to <a href="/wiki/Economics_of_climate_change_mitigation#Discount_rates" title="Economics of climate change mitigation">discounting</a> has been debated amongst economists. The discount rate allows economic effects occurring at different times to be compared. Stern used a discount rate in his calculation of the effects of "business-as-usual" climate change damages. A high discount rate reduces the calculated benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Using too low a discount rate wastes resources because it will result in too much investment in cutting emissions (Arrow <i>et al.</i>, 1996, p. 130).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Too high a discount rate will have the opposite effect, and lead to under-investment in cutting emissions. Most studies on the damages of climate change use a higher discount rate than that used in the Stern Review. Some economists support Stern's choice of discount rate (Cline, 2008;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shah, 2008<sup id="cite_ref-shah_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shah-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heal, 2008)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others are critical (Yohe and Tol, 2008;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nordhaus, 2007).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another criticism of the Stern Review is that it is a political rather than an analytical document. Writing in the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Telegraph">Daily Telegraph</a> newspaper, columnist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Moore_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Moore (journalist)">Charles Moore</a> compared the Stern Review to the UK Government's "<a href="/wiki/Dodgy_dossier" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodgy dossier">dodgy dossier</a>" on Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007—present"><span id="2007.E2.80.94present"></span>2007—present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2007—present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a speech given in 2007 at the Australian <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Club_(Australia)" title="National Press Club (Australia)">National Press Club</a>, Stern called for one per cent of <a href="/wiki/Gross_world_product" title="Gross world product">gross global product</a> to be employed in <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>-related environmental measures.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also joined the <a href="/wiki/Cool_Earth" title="Cool Earth">Cool Earth</a> advisory board. In 2009, Stern linked recovery from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">global economic crisis</a> with an effective response to climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His book, <i>Blueprint for a Safer Planet</i>, was published in April 2009. </p><p>In June 2007, Stern became the first holder of the <a href="/wiki/I._G._Patel" title="I. G. Patel">I. G. Patel</a> Chair at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, Nicholas Stern joined IDEAglobal as vice-chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, he was appointed Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Grantham_Research_Institute_on_Climate_Change_and_the_Environment" title="Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment">Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment</a>, a major new research centre also at LSE. He is Chair of the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy at Leeds University and LSE. Stern is co-chair of the Global Commission for the Economy and Climate, with <a href="/wiki/Ngozi_Okonjo-Iweala" title="Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala">Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Polman" title="Paul Polman">Paul Polman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, he published the non-fiction literary work, <i>The Global Deal: Climate Change and the Creation of a New Era of Progress and Prosperity</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book examines climate change from an economist's perspective, and outlines the necessary steps toward achieving global economic growth while managing climate change. In 2009, he also became a member of the International Advisory Council of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_wealth_fund" title="Sovereign wealth fund">sovereign wealth fund</a> <a href="/wiki/China_Investment_Corporation" title="China Investment Corporation">China Investment Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stern is an advocate of vegetarianism as a <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">climate change mitigation</a> element.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He is a member of the scientific committee of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110705022413/http://www.fundacionideas.es/en">Fundacion IDEAS</a>, Spain's Socialist Party's think tank. </p><p>In 2015, he was co-author of the report that launched the <a href="/wiki/Global_Apollo_Programme" title="Global Apollo Programme">Global Apollo Programme</a>, which calls for developed nations to commit to spending 0.02% of their GDP for 10 years, to fund co-ordinated research to make <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">carbon-free</a> <a href="/wiki/Base_load_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Base load power plant">baseload electricity</a> less costly than <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_station" title="Fossil fuel power station">electricity from coal</a> by the year 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> After the successful <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference">United Nations Climate Change Conference</a> in Paris (mid-December 2015), Stern appeared optimistic, saying, "If we get this right, it will be more powerful than the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>. A green race is going on."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also said <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Where we can, we have to go to zero carbon, because of a growing population and a rising middle class in developing countries which wants the same standard of living the developed world already enjoys. GHGs must be cut by at least 50% around the world by 2050, with the rich, developed countries cutting by 80%, compared to 1990 levels. We are at the beginning of a technical revolution of the magnitude of the railway, the motor car ... The economic crisis is an opportunity to lay the foundation for the future ... You can tell a very positive story here.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In November 2015 he was commissioned by the UK Minister of Universities and Science, Jo Johnson, to chair a review of the Research Excellence Framework (REF) that is used in assessing the research performance of universities and research institutes in the UK. The report was published in July 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October<span class="nowrap"> </span>2021, Stern released a working paper stating that economists had grossly undervalued young lives in relation to the climate crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-stern-2021_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stern-2021-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manuscript is due to be published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Economic_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Journal">Economic Journal</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Economic_Society" title="Royal Economic Society">Royal Economic Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-carrington-2021_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carrington-2021-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stern was elected a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a> in 1993;<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he is also an Honorary Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> and a Foreign Honorary Member of both the <a href="/wiki/American_Economic_Association" title="American Economic Association">American Economic Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Birthday_Honours" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Birthday Honours">Queen's Birthday Honours</a> he was made a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a>, for services to Economics.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 October 2007, it was announced that Stern would receive a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peerage</a> and was to be made a non-party political peer (i.e. would sit as a <a href="/wiki/Cross-bencher" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-bencher">cross-bencher</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>). He was duly created <b>Baron Stern of Brentford</b>, <i>of <a href="/wiki/Elsted" title="Elsted">Elsted</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Sussex" title="West Sussex">County of West Sussex</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Wimbledon,_London" title="Wimbledon, London">Wimbledon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Merton" title="London Borough of Merton">London Borough of Merton</a></i> on 10 December 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is, however, usually addressed as Lord Stern, or Lord Stern of Brentford.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, he was elected as an Honorary Fellow at Peterhouse, Cambridge,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he is also an Honorary Fellow of St Catherine's College, Oxford.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stern was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> in 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an Honorary Doctor of International Relations degree by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geneva_School_of_Diplomacy_and_International_Relations&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations (page does not exist)">Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations</a> in 2007, an Honorary Doctor of Letters by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sheffield" title="University of Sheffield">University of Sheffield</a> in 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an Honorary Doctor by the <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" title="Technische Universität Berlin">Technische Universität Berlin</a> in 2009<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also in 2009 an honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Brighton" title="University of Brighton">University of Brighton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Stern was also awarded the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Planet_Prize" title="Blue Planet Prize">Blue Planet Prize</a> for his contributions to research on global environmental problems.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stern participated in one of the showings of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_Stupid" title="The Age of Stupid">The Age of Stupid</a></i> at the RSA. At the after-showing <a href="/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">webcast</a> panel discussion<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was director Franny Armstrong, journalist <a href="/wiki/George_Monbiot" title="George Monbiot">George Monbiot</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a> head of climate impacts Richard Betts. In 2009 Nicholas Stern lent his support to the <a href="/wiki/10:10" class="mw-redirect" title="10:10">10:10</a> project, a movement encouraging people to take positive action on climate change by reducing their carbon emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stern received the 2010 <a href="/wiki/BBVA_Foundation_Frontiers_of_Knowledge_Award" title="BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award">BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award</a> in the category of Climate Change for his "pioneering report [that] shaped and focused the discourse on the economics of climate change" and provided "a unique and robust basis for decision-making."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 11 December 2013, Stern was awarded the 2013 Stephen H. Schneider Award for Outstanding Climate Science Communication by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate-one.org/">Climate One</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commonwealthclub.org/">The Commonwealth Club</a> in San Francisco, California.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stern was elected a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2014">Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014</a><sup id="cite_ref-frs_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in recognition of his work challenging the world view on the economics of climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, he was elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Academy_of_Social_Sciences" title="Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences">Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences</a> (FAcSS).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stern was appointed <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_the_Companions_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour">Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour</a> (CH) in the <a href="/wiki/2017_Birthday_Honours" title="2017 Birthday Honours">2017 Birthday Honours</a> for services to economics, international relations, and tackling climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kiel_Institute_for_the_World_Economy" title="Kiel Institute for the World Economy">Kiel Institute for the World Economy</a> announced, that Stern will be awarded the Bernhard Harms Prize 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stern is the son of the late Bert Stern and Marion Stern and nephew of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Swann" title="Donald Swann">Donald Swann</a>—half of the <a href="/wiki/Flanders_and_Swann" title="Flanders and Swann">Flanders and Swann</a> partnership. Richard Stern, former vice-president of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, and Brian E Stern, former vice-president of <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Xerox Corporation">Xerox Corporation</a>, are his brothers, and his sister is Naomi Opalinska.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>A Strategy for Development</i>, World Bank Publications, 2002 (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0821349809" title="Special:BookSources/978-0821349809">978-0821349809</a>).</li> <li><i>The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review</i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2007 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521700801" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521700801">978-0521700801</a>).</li> <li><i>A Blueprint for a Safer Planet: How to Manage Climate Change and Create a New Era of Progress and Prosperity</i>, Bodley Head, <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>, 2009 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84792-037-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84792-037-9">978-1-84792-037-9</a>).</li> <li><i>The Global Deal: Climate Change and the Creation of a New Era of Progress and Prosperity</i>, 2009 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1586486693" title="Special:BookSources/978-1586486693">978-1586486693</a>).</li> <li><i>Why Are We Waiting? The Logic, Urgency, and Promise of Tackling Climate Change</i>, <a href="/wiki/MIT_Press" title="MIT Press">MIT Press</a>, 2015 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262029186" title="Special:BookSources/9780262029186">9780262029186</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=124431">Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whoswho-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U36168">"Stern of Brentford"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who_(UK)" title="Who's Who (UK)">Who's Who</a></i>. Vol. 2014 (online <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> ed.). A & C Black.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stern+of+Brentford&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.edition=online+Oxford+University+Press&rft.pub=A+%26+C+Black&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU36168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amacad.org/person/nicholas-h-stern">"Nicholas H. Stern"</a>. <i>American Academy of Arts & Sciences</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203220037/https://www.amacad.org/person/nicholas-h-stern">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Academy+of+Arts+%26+Sciences&rft.atitle=Nicholas+H.+Stern&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amacad.org%2Fperson%2Fnicholas-h-stern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/about/past-presidents-british-academy/">"Past Presidents of the British Academy"</a>. <i>The British Academy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210420071127/https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/about/past-presidents-british-academy/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Academy&rft.atitle=Past+Presidents+of+the+British+Academy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebritishacademy.ac.uk%2Fabout%2Fpast-presidents-british-academy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunro2007" class="citation web cs1">Munro, Ann (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipcc.ch/nominations/cv/cv_jim_skea.pdf">"Petrean News"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Peterhouse Cambridge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180613001251/http://www.ipcc.ch/nominations/cv/cv_jim_skea.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peterhouse+Cambridge&rft.atitle=Petrean+News&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcc.ch%2Fnominations%2Fcv%2Fcv_jim_skea.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dphilecon-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dphilecon_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern1971" class="citation thesis cs1">Stern, Nicholas Herbert (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.473827"><i>Location and the rate of development. A study in the theory of optimum planning</i></a> (DPhilEcon thesis). University of Oxford. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/500571870">500571870</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818083256/http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.473827">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Location+and+the+rate+of+development.+A+study+in+the+theory+of+optimum+planning&rft.degree=DPhilEcon&rft.inst=University+of+Oxford&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F500571870&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+Herbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethos.bl.uk%2FOrderDetails.do%3Fuin%3Duk.bl.ethos.473827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scopus-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-scopus_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=7103384515">Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford's publications</a> indexed by the <a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a> bibliographic database. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AtkinsonStern1974-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AtkinsonStern1974_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinsonStern1974" class="citation journal cs1">Atkinson, A. B.; Stern, Nicholas Herbert (1974). "Pigou, Taxation and Public Goods". <i>The Review of Economic Studies</i>. <b>41</b> (1): 119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2296403">10.2307/2296403</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2296403">2296403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Review+of+Economic+Studies&rft.atitle=Pigou%2C+Taxation+and+Public+Goods&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=119&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2296403&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2296403%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=A.+B.&rft.au=Stern%2C+Nicholas+Herbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurst,_G.2006" class="citation news cs1">Hurst, G. (8 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110510204545/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1321147.ece">"Climate change author quits Treasury after Brown freezes him out"</a>. <i>Times Online</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article1321147.ece">the original</a> on 10 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Online&rft.atitle=Climate+change+author+quits+Treasury+after+Brown+freezes+him+out&rft.date=2006-12-08&rft.au=Hurst%2C+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farticle1321147.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlison_Benjamin2007" class="citation news cs1">Alison Benjamin (29 November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/nov/29/climatechange.carbonemissions">"Stern: Climate change a 'market failure'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928003342/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2007/nov/29/climatechange.carbonemissions">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Building+on+Success+and+Learning+from+Experience+An+Independent+Review+of+the+Research+Excellence+Framework&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F541338%2Find-16-9-ref-stern-review.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stern-2021-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stern-2021_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2021" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Nicholas (26 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/working-paper-370-Stern.pdf"><i>A time for action on climate change and a time for change in economics — Working paper 370</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who%27s+doing+10%3A10%3F+%26%23124%3B+10%3A10&rft.pub=1010global.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1010global.org%2Fuk%2Fwho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511114942/https://www2.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/Media/Announcements/BBVA-award-stern-Jan11.aspx">"Lord Stern receives BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award - Jan - 2011 - Announcements - News and media - Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment - Home"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lord+Stern+receives+BBVA+Foundation+Frontiers+of+Knowledge+Award+-+Jan+-+2011+-+Announcements+-+News+and+media+-+Grantham+Research+Institute+on+Climate+Change+and+the+Environment+-+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.lse.ac.uk%2FGranthamInstitute%2FMedia%2FAnnouncements%2FBBVA-award-stern-Jan11.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLtd" class="citation web cs1">Ltd, Celebrity Speakers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speakers.co.uk/our-business/our-news/lord-stern-will-be-awarded-the-stephen-h-schneider-award">"Keynote Speakers – After Dinner Speakers – Motivational Speakers – CSA Celebrity Speakers Bureau"</a>. <i>www.speakers.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104352/http://www.speakers.co.uk/our-business/our-news/lord-stern-will-be-awarded-the-stephen-h-schneider-award">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.speakers.co.uk&rft.atitle=Keynote+Speakers+%E2%80%93+After+Dinner+Speakers+%E2%80%93+Motivational+Speakers+%E2%80%93+CSA+Celebrity+Speakers+Bureau&rft.aulast=Ltd&rft.aufirst=Celebrity+Speakers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.speakers.co.uk%2Four-business%2Four-news%2Flord-stern-will-be-awarded-the-stephen-h-schneider-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frs-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-frs_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2014" class="citation web cs1">Anon (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117102222/https://royalsociety.org/people/nicholas-stern-12343/">"The Lord Stern of Brentford Kt FBA FRS"</a>. <i>royalsociety.org</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>. 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Royal Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140813090607/https://royalsociety.org/news/2014/new-fellows/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Society+elects+new+Fellows&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fnews%2F2014%2Fnew-fellows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acss.org.uk/news/eighty-four-leading-social-scientists-conferred-fellows-academy-social-sciences/">"Eighty-four leading social scientists conferred as Fellows of the Academy of Social Sciences"</a>. <i>Academy of Social Sciences</i>. 19 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190606033408/https://www.acss.org.uk/news/eighty-four-leading-social-scientists-conferred-fellows-academy-social-sciences/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academy+of+Social+Sciences&rft.atitle=Eighty-four+leading+social+scientists+conferred+as+Fellows+of+the+Academy+of+Social+Sciences&rft.date=2016-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acss.org.uk%2Fnews%2Feighty-four-leading-social-scientists-conferred-fellows-academy-social-sciences%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette61962" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/61962/supplement/B25">"No. 61962"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 17 June 2017. p. B25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+61962&rft.pages=B25&rft.date=2017-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F61962%2Fsupplement%2FB25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-40306236">"Genome pioneer John Sulston enters elite club"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 16 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170618071839/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-40306236">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Genome+pioneer+John+Sulston+enters+elite+club&rft.date=2017-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-40306236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boersen-zeitung.de/personen/lord-nicholas-stern-erhaelt-preis-fuer-klimaforschung-af74577e-de58-11eb-be7d-1ab18f2f304e">"Lord Nicholas Stern erhält Preis für Klimaforschung | Börsen-Zeitung"</a>. <i>www.boersen-zeitung.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812131359/https://www.boersen-zeitung.de/personen/lord-nicholas-stern-erhaelt-preis-fuer-klimaforschung-af74577e-de58-11eb-be7d-1ab18f2f304e">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.boersen-zeitung.de&rft.atitle=Lord+Nicholas+Stern+erh%C3%A4lt+Preis+f%C3%BCr+Klimaforschung+%7C+B%C3%B6rsen-Zeitung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boersen-zeitung.de%2Fpersonen%2Flord-nicholas-stern-erhaelt-preis-fuer-klimaforschung-af74577e-de58-11eb-be7d-1ab18f2f304e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Stern%2C+Baron+Stern+of+Brentford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Stern,_Baron_Stern_of_Brentford&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929105259/http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/_new/staff/person.asp?id=4478">Archived</a> 29 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/Experts/n.stern@lse.ac.uk">Lord Stern of Brentford – LSE Experts entry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929110152/http://www2.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/Experts/n.stern@lse.ac.uk">Archived</a> 29 September 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/138946/SternBio.doc">World Bank biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208190307/http://www.speakers.co.uk/csaWeb/speaker,2804">Lord Stern of Brentford, FBA at CSA Celebrity Speakers</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070322012251/http://www.21school.ox.ac.uk/video/200702_stern.cfm">Stern at the University of Oxford</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926221549/http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/index.php?menuID=2&subID=1055">The man behind the British Treasury’s mammoth climate change report</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100309074040/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/sternreview_index.htm">The UK Government's Treasury web pages about the Stern review</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/537-What-Stern-said-about-China-part-one-">Article about the Stern review's conclusions on China's development</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070224063309/http://thebeaveronline.co.uk/Features/a-stern-response">Nicholas Stern interview at The Beaver, 13 February 2007</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070517235751/http://www.uknow.or.jp/be_e/environment/stern-symposium/">Speech to the Economics of Climate Change Symposium, Nov 2006</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/oct/23/commentanddebate-energy-environment-climate-change">'Green Routes To Growth' article published in the Guardian.co.uk's Comment Is Free Section, 23 October 2008</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16433-launch-green-economic-revolution-now-says-stern.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&nsref=online-news">Launch green economic revolution now, says Stern</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz" title="Joseph Stiglitz">Joseph Stiglitz</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Economist_of_the_World_Bank" title="Chief Economist of the World Bank">Chief Economist of the World Bank</a> </b><br />2000–2003 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bourguignon" title="François Bourguignon">François Bourguignon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Non-profit organization positions </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Roberts_(scholar)" title="Adam Roberts (scholar)">Adam Roberts</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy" title="British Academy">British Academy</a> </b><br />2013–2017 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Cannadine" title="David Cannadine">David Cannadine</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom">Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Baron_Wallace_of_Tankerness" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Wallace of Tankerness">The Lord Wallace of Tankerness</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" 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Beerling">David Beerling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Benton" title="Michael Benton">Michael Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumar_Bhattacharyya,_Baron_Bhattacharyya" title="Kumar Bhattacharyya, Baron Bhattacharyya">Sushantha Bhattacharyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewan_Birney" title="Ewan Birney">Ewan Birney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_V._M._Bishop" title="Dorothy V. M. Bishop">Dorothy Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bridgeland" title="Tom Bridgeland">Tom Bridgeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Charlton" title="David Charlton">David Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Colman" title="Peter Colman">Peter Colman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Cowley" title="Steven Cowley">Steven Cowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Davies_(doctor)" title="Sally Davies (doctor)">Sally Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Dawkins" title="Marian Dawkins">Marian Dawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edgar_Dick" title="John Edgar Dick">John Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liam_Dolan" title="Liam Dolan">Liam Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Eglinton" title="Timothy Eglinton">Timothy Eglinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanda_Fisher" title="Amanda Fisher">Amanda Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Grimmett" title="Geoffrey Grimmett">Geoffrey Grimmett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hairer" title="Martin Hairer">Martin Hairer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edwin_Hills" title="Richard Edwin Hills">Richard Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Holland" title="Timothy Holland">Tim Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hume_Johnson" title="Martin Hume Johnson">Martin Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Keightley" title="Peter Keightley">Peter Keightley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lazaridis" title="Mike Lazaridis">Mike Lazaridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Leighton" title="Timothy Leighton">Timothy Leighton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Lilly" title="Simon Lilly">Simon Lilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Lynch_(businessman)" title="Mike Lynch (businessman)">Michael Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Mackenzie_(businessman)" title="Andrew Mackenzie (businessman)">Andrew Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Markovic" title="Vladimir Markovic">Vladimir Markovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_McLean" title="Irwin McLean">Irwin McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Midgley" title="Paul Midgley">Paul Midgley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_A._Morris" title="Gareth A. Morris">Gareth Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Naismith_(chemist)" title="James Naismith (chemist)">Jim Naismith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Nelson" title="Jenny Nelson">Jenny Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Nichols" title="Colin Nichols">Colin Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_J._Padgett" class="mw-redirect" title="Miles J. Padgett">Miles Padgett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Parkhill" title="Julian Parkhill">Julian Parkhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karalyn_Patterson" title="Karalyn Patterson">Karalyn Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheena_Radford" title="Sheena Radford">Sheena Radford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Read" title="Randy Read">Randy Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ron" title="David Ron">David Ron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrik_Rorsman" title="Patrik Rorsman">Patrik Rorsman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rutherford" title="Bill Rutherford">Bill Rutherford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_P._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Colin P. Smith">Colin Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Soper" title="Alan Soper">Alan Soper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicholas Stern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Talbot" title="Nick Talbot">Nick Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demetri_Terzopoulos" title="Demetri Terzopoulos">Demetri Terzopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Thakker" title="Rajesh Thakker">Rajesh Thakker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Brian_Watts" title="Anthony Brian Watts">Tony Watts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Alley" title="Richard Alley">Richard Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Richard Axel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Chunli" title="Bai Chunli">Chunli Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_C._Harrison" title="Stephen C. Harrison">Stephen Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Poor" title="Vincent Poor">Vincent Poor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Sansonetti" title="Philippe Sansonetti">Philippe Sansonetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_A._Steitz" title="Joan A. Steitz">Joan Steitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Tabin" title="Clifford Tabin">Clifford Tabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Tarascon" title="Jean-Marie Tarascon">Jean-Marie Tarascon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="England_2018_FIFA_World_Cup_bid_board" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Thompson_(football_executive)" title="Geoff Thompson (football executive)">Geoff Thompson</a> <i>(Chairman)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gill_(football_executive)" title="David Gill (football executive)">David Gill</a> <i>(Deputy Chairman)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Mawhinney,_Baron_Mawhinney" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Mawhinney, Baron Mawhinney">Lord Mawhinney</a> <i>(Deputy Chairman)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Richards" title="Dave Richards">Sir Dave Richards</a> <i>(Deputy Chairman)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Sutcliffe" title="Gerry Sutcliffe">Gerry Sutcliffe</a> <i>(Director)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Anson" title="Andy Anson">Andy Anson</a> <i>(Chief Executive)</i></li> <li>Simon Johnson <i>(Chief Operating Officer)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-executive directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">Baroness Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Coe" title="Sebastian Coe">Lord Coe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Mills" title="Keith Mills">Sir Keith Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sorrell" title="Martin Sorrell">Sir Martin Sorrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Caborn" title="Richard Caborn">Richard Caborn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Beckham" title="David Beckham">David Beckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barnes" title="John Barnes">John Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabio_Capello" title="Fabio Capello">Fabio Capello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Powell" title="Hope Powell">Hope Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Thompson_(football_executive)" title="Geoff Thompson (football executive)">Geoff Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kenyon" title="Peter Kenyon">Peter Kenyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Taylor_(footballer)" title="Gordon Taylor (footballer)">Gordon Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Leahy" title="Terry Leahy">Sir Terry Leahy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lord Stern of Brentford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Football_Association" title="The Football Association">The Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_and_2022_FIFA_World_Cup_bids" title="2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids">2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_European_Economic_Association" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_European_Economic_Association" 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dr%C3%A8ze" title="Jacques Drèze">Jacques Drèze</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Kornai" title="János Kornai">János Kornai</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Malinvaud" title="Edmond Malinvaud">Edmond Malinvaud</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Atkinson" title="Tony Atkinson">Anthony Atkinson</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnar_Sandmo" title="Agnar Sandmo">Agnar Sandmo</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assar_Lindbeck" title="Assar Lindbeck">Assar Lindbeck</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hellwig" title="Martin Hellwig">Martin Hellwig</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mervyn_King,_Baron_King_of_Lothbury" title="Mervyn King, Baron King of Lothbury">Mervyn King</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Guesnerie" title="Roger Guesnerie">Roger Guesnerie</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Philps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Philps (page does not exist)">Louis Philps</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Newbery" title="David Newbery">David Newbery</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Laffont" title="Jean-Jacques Laffont">Jean-Jacques Laffont</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partha_Dasgupta" title="Partha Dasgupta">Partha Dasgupta</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mirrlees" title="James Mirrlees">James A. Mirrlees</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Peter_Neary" title="J. Peter Neary">J. Peter Neary</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsten_Persson" title="Torsten Persson">Torsten Persson</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Blundell" title="Richard Blundell">Richard Blundell</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathias_Dewatripont" title="Mathias Dewatripont">Mathias Dewatripont</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreu_Mas-Colell" title="Andreu Mas-Colell">Andreu Mas-Colell</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Tabellini" title="Guido Tabellini">Guido Tabellini</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Fehr" title="Ernst Fehr">Ernst Fehr</a> (2008)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nicholas Stern</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Besley" title="Tim Besley">Timothy Besley</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_A._Pissarides" title="Christopher A. Pissarides">Christopher Pissarides</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordi_Gal%C3%AD" title="Jordi Galí">Jordi Galí</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Arellano" title="Manuel Arellano">Manuel Arellano</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orazio_Attanasio" title="Orazio Attanasio">Orazio Attanasio</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Griffith" title="Rachel Griffith">Rachel Griffith</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Zilibotti" title="Fabrizio Zilibotti">Fabrizio Zilibotti</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Aghion" title="Philippe Aghion">Philippe Aghion</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliana_La_Ferrara" title="Eliana La Ferrara">Eliana La Ferrara</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjetil_Storesletten" title="Kjetil Storesletten">Kjetil Storesletten</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Krusell" title="Per Krusell">Per Krusell</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvana_Tenreyro" title="Silvana Tenreyro">Silvana Tenreyro</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriana_Bandiera" title="Oriana Bandiera">Oriana Bandiera</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maristella_Botticini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maristella Botticini (page does not exist)">Maristella Botticini</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Eeckhout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Eeckhout (page does not exist)">Jan Eeckhout</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335441#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335441#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335441#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109088908">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64067094">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcGrDmr3GHxg7HxBCj3cP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/13254461X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82218626">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12278696p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12278696p">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Stern, N. H."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UFIV076984">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Stern, N. H."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub20241212365&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070010021">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90224482">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000059659&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810633882805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007427830705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058616644506706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14225923">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01633760?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=124431">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:stern.nicholas">zbMATH</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet/MRAuthorID/286250">MathSciNet</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/wc1okBmZ">UK Parliament</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd13254461X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/13254461X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a 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