CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913559756a233de4',cH: 'WKsgfcA1CB3ShrX5UdSosK801DQC3EgZeR4GMl6GVcU-1739790820-1.2.1.1-KsB6pAIf82quhHnN5Gepo8YJp8ZUjnUKEpV5AGsKXkMVyRNJHNaOnIUmmU10vasE',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=water%20resistance&__cf_chl_tk=HrIndEl7jlsAsMxRdtRGjSCHb5CWI0wwqA3juRpzUdY-1739790820-1.0.1.1-hHc_kGu2FoWNIwPpcwp6El_JqivjyC1wMxXkwEuIQBM",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739790820',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=water%20resistance&__cf_chl_f_tk=HrIndEl7jlsAsMxRdtRGjSCHb5CWI0wwqA3juRpzUdY-1739790820-1.0.1.1-hHc_kGu2FoWNIwPpcwp6El_JqivjyC1wMxXkwEuIQBM",md: "b6Z8ZRsE.KLVe0s28OaxXPIonUEHpFrjCyiDIvsH1Dk-1739790820-1.2.1.1-dwqNbFbkkJz.Gf9Ro3eiCj0_B17QtN2zfU...3j5ceiMhODkCKH1GL24XoouNzrMRT2DcUU02loirYBd3JROkOPPAPNzoTYSn5UXaCewWQaqsxH9NEq1k7UBonIHtcLAH.Q7i9CuuOZtTBQZNn1My7z7L_P2zqdfXNvgT3XsO2eKNq8ITTsxzp.v3_dOd1x6sPCbPU8LlN70mPceC4KbQIbWDTnzFG87NuzNC9_82Tpt3HIhrdA.UTxPgrkzZHBA8n2dP_JVTEQq9K_i89fzP3H81WPwDbcQJqzhwB.WoBZIJAUuTPm.nTcguxQxXqgXLmyNyMDms9vIoi38dDN63HVMK1esRy2ePB6bpx2t52UxjUEGq_1G5McOFlbLURoK3TUp2h2ajNjg063d9vPKZFuJ3LINWGDmGhIWbg33n2P_IrIIop4ILca05kooH1YbwoEklNCkPCrM4elJPVjVyy9qLGWc1iuhjNy7lAmFM8r8o_GsySDtnGnS_932V_R4l69ziljVEvQBCt1oVtpPZ5p8eMqHvOSIqL0tW0zBeteIqITGYuxRySdHrMgGvCFADm3tYMusF2zbQybIxLwTXK601YONj3wwyNlIf2tKh78e.Yjh_A_ct365Q69HAuJAGssj8QoOaBJXUrTmQy2yGV4Giub8aL8iEl1GspujCm0oik1Nm3EUkzU1P.zCM_OUA3ki.UVs1e6RgtHMH8eHdNKm2P1YDwza_YhQDspeMOqakwRL6CzvWtSDz4dOTJoqLWHuPQyut5.sQQrSDRiecgmDxPACF9gufx4cC_mYXuKvHdsY247M79Z8ObvjF6ouubwod18sPUQoiS8HzcDRhqvA.tray6wW_g2C7AT0ZfTtV7FPmvFGp.SEgdWqpTE2md67GCuYxP_oVHJJ8EY7PXuZ8GY8yycutlK.A2KWchcrutaLxnupwGGNg9vTKMVUEQKmcq0UTyNmuYSZ6hZUZIR9XrvL_z7hyvF6Ex.k2yAhrEtIW4C5r5C5p7yWSHfgTnng279fQN20ni0d1N1ggFNGM6p7.IJwZzsEQYJsBxyllqyexjcUPo7tOQonq1VzAEKaWz6emgsA2IEiE1u8CWLyIzERAAw8t9VToetX31VDkLUwwmJLr1Pa120uFWzgF87W0cbJXwY5Vd0TGpNvAJ5xp3fwXeudNrzXZGVPfUveoi_o6ZWmpeQwhqPU2s3JzW7f20s1RIlQRUZWhb1H.ZAKKkdOh3D7JhbHocuSiIxBlp8KD4yU_a5WOWSL8pKH8ew36aobuGcl599abpw_l16Wv1gb8hVFHer.ZDm1s9MPsRSzvwqXsgQuZIzkcD34PbM2nHy2OjS4BH4po5A_cgXGoK7M33_Bm.yjWnIjFIw8lsJ5ODJ5MUFIdvbLTkDXJqyc2R1F.Vu6aSmkKg8Mu936j8lfu9So84hMVMBmG9MsT6vMzSecdkpL0JXiYtckV7S.IKBaFNOc0rB0__2Y4XykJ0gv2gH8IH4QZhAFyjeKnSp_m5C6_xmm1RCjP3Ty0XBWhD6i98jOVzqjHR579p9COXgXB6HOrYSIBYArBN5hd.gYNxoTp1D4aEjKJT.3KFNcDkkbKM0SPrZA5QsLlNR2OJyh5FZ8dsqac0HhgR1S6IebLIFwrmzdndSBLtM3aYp6bqH30D4xnIaIXGAB2wn5msAt5AhEOPbkaXZJDm5J1N55BRPuELfBHH_WOOO9mRrrtqk6panQF9BS4_j.zEZuBUiLWWwhj2y2zV0LB8FSAUWoTT65Yeo7bsb_9h2Eirc309tCLSd9qfZX3CfcYFW5Tc0oXBYHiRNqEm7AlQ8WfTP53PQY_0sBhos2MOnmZZ4jLOD.oIUHWg_VV7akkm7EDWOvk_Fig1OXr9QKxYNNn_s3CQPvhPYvb88U8ETjNE1QoeuYozCacz07jYJ2wyzkli1xgYQXopKJpS1UuNA",mdrd: "eyiWOV9mbVEnmy1XEOWWb8qLgGYiYYwhhJzL_LmPP3o-1739790820-1.2.1.1-9IWKsopo9QjzE5gmoIzdvhcxYOfbw5VC7JQ_5pNmMc5MaOvADCDP.ZJJrrL01JOwUvl51Oj1s7ey8CZl6dd.QnzzEkVCxpmt_tkUsa4Vh_Fi.UUtZ4m7oSwhVnpNxouZP59eVN9E65Gs1H2RDGcofOmUp5eOGYgRRfbYYOKWQiuq7WWEhjQ2fSdWYTMUOinowReVS4503SvVRnUOMRq.NeCXpkoDsw7cQbZoBDu4xkTw5c7EdQKE89sJF2wRNHD30sY8uEtuXrU.UEVM6X0s9vJWUq6UScUk97SIpf1WrUT923BcDfFkaqf0VS55tfN0eCtxK3thtnyOcA4LEWvelCY6P5F0Bgxgyz5XMonvllpNmhdrV9CGC7vuaa_j7xtWL3T_XgH0l0jOe0SrzqlgfzEX6I3tEMZzZiWXNp0FJ3yb5OR9ePrZXUthdWyLcSc3sO5YMD5zyEoOKX1sYFbG0QwSQEp6h15j9DT3PGgdekwchH6DO965nELs50XEo0NLsJIMD90qRtpy5etrMk6ps5MrSaPcE0d065dsCfGZ8W2ZuiLpoTUlwva69oLLqYV4hgBI4dE8oaxDe.Zx1MuTT4IGB69lwguxmJ8vPFZRfxoNEaOYLr5j2sZLhf19U6WyAofmAoijzvXjrEaeNkkkhKanUSAs_lyc0_SDstXSSeik9xVstcJGzLy8sDBtlcHIt9.P8YjcPhGS6A23u7s7Vk8ElBIAmbmJGVgIwV3OUcelVwSA.O6rZL7MLdGM6HaBBFh.fE30JpHil5wwvq6ChDgHGDo3tokB4nndXcUkOEuK0KzW06dATmQwjodUODqgO1yH9WWyrjdqMRYgVNx_1AJ_uFNgR4v_CJgI8sQ.xP7HQ59f0oBcsMvjdKlzFJoRwLDQf8M8jnhMar9VH4XQzvAe.YRpejQXevZDQQF_NKmhiIVy0w0laGUsqfci4cWLhxMqU5vRnrOD0CySZf1.MyZrqQSE8tsK7iGxu9RoVeLakm8iJq3AVGAW895.RMbe0EznIu0tzAyoFTvFuoNoDdhrwnI2GUeDxaKDbsRhiIr4VLDJOHkG5b3I5LOIA4qP.G3l6lHNAf8rj1Esg3ZI_KLzRjbKX9wrpDP3LWeQh2HdKh.AvKxLkuW59h2rip10YZA_6N5MiC7nhWxefUPM00ponAWJzSRG3v_lsZLZ1HlfATanNuffmz3_u1WZ.HOarB5tKJT9ZzQquGBHMV1YAdL_2YgoKlktbHViDuLkE.pnLpeTszzXEHGItuQWmVEcrN09g7MFFdP7ii56zi6Z993qzPQ5ozrQ5lEcAEvD86Op65fv7FaoQzFwFEXx0NUCaMUboSNApJcLzowiwYnkge6J97kx.k2nsNEmaGMqHWO4zGzldtnyNlj7VQ.Pklgo_qlQ8ipy1vt9BK6Kzumx0Q5vA0Zs61oLHb86ThggFZWRXaSM93.5kioEliypLM0RfG0fSP8Vf9HO1sIOHgPVEFQb5QktMH60vRzhexE3JeowZuDkA3Jiu_G4lindMx2Gm4RVwUdmxZOu7uaJ9HlfyqlU6nZXbget8RP7sKrqf3qRjIC_lLyTmj67xVHxNm0qkK3_bp.cOPlsmZ5hu8vlRGRYTIo0GcIv2i03PoioRftng2dYBvovDPBXMEq_OxBZkq3DB7GIsepRpqRXPOXjLNdnlfizBF3c_f.pBiWzZAwQ8eP4Gg526LVRLPUsOB7dWy7MLle4hQIOhrIgS7SfpSAisXZknT1T0zVUZlrjQsnbx8.FLITwh0fV5nUg08li4rzHDeI_99Lj6l3X2RtzozqKLXHn7iMJurOnWCks6TseaoS6hVg1CrRfoDIbrIgokkuNYSP833EuvCJVEphH8oK5Yh9TEqcjPZJ_DayFi1.0wLYN8lpcF3mA1v2K1x2wosGXZxGO0n.No.OlpKYNTTYwLL1AlcfDJdP5UGITh4XJy1fyDFd8AYRVqvEYh.59ppmPF8uS7NBxpzey_upFOg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913559756a233de4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=water%20resistance&__cf_chl_rt_tk=HrIndEl7jlsAsMxRdtRGjSCHb5CWI0wwqA3juRpzUdY-1739790820-1.0.1.1-hHc_kGu2FoWNIwPpcwp6El_JqivjyC1wMxXkwEuIQBM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>